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Chapter 1
Chapter 1
1
Definitions of Research
• The main goal of research is the gathering and interpreting of
information to answer questions (Hyllegard, Mood, and Morrow, 1996).
• Research is a systematic attempt to provide answers to questions
(Tuckman, 1999).
• the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in
order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon about which
we are concerned or interested
• Research may be defined as the systematic and objective analysis and
recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development
of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and
possible control of events (Best and Kahn, 1998).
• Research is a systematic way of asking questions, a systematic method
of inquiry (Drew, Hardman, and Hart, 1996).
2. A process
– Planned and managed – to make the information generated credible
– The process is creative
– It is circular – always leads to more questions
• The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which
has not been discovered yet.
Results Hypotheses
Interpreted Formed
Data Research
Collected Plan
Closed-loop conceptualization of the research process (Drew,
Hardman, and Hart, 1996)
• System #2:
– Quantitative research
– Qualitative research
• System #3:
– Experimental research
– Nonexperimental research
• System #4
– Exploratory research
– Constructive research
– Empirical research
Follows a certain structural process though the step order may vary
depending on the subject matter and researcher
The following steps are usually part of the most formal research both
basic and applied
Observations and Formation of the topic
Hypothesis
Conceptual definitions
Operational definition
Gathering of data
Analysis of data
Test, reviving of hypothesis
Conclusion
5. Formulation of hypotheses
Submission Date:- Before a November 30/2023. submission is possible through email only.
Email: tekalign@mwu.edu.et
Note:-
Don’t forget to attach the research article that you evaluated
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