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1 Steel Design Calculations
1 Steel Design Calculations
BS5950-1:2000
Morupole Stores Warehouse PORTAL FRAME DESIGN Steel Design EC3 SHEET No.
→ r = 2.79 → h = 7.22
→ L = 20.75 → bay spacing s = 7.00
Fig 2.0
Ds
Dh
Lh
a) General (CI.5.5.4.2.1)
Wo is the maximum load that can be placed on the rafter treated as a fixed ended beam of
span L (i.e Mmax = WoL / 16 = Sx . Fy, therefore Wo = 16 . Sx . Fy / L)
→ Wo = (16 x 614 x 10 3
x 275 x 103) / (20.75 x 103) = 130.17 kN
→ λr = λsc / (λsc - 1)
→ λsc = 5.29
Therefore, for this load case, λp must not be less than 1.24. The actual value of λp would depend on
the magnitude of the applied horizontal loads but generally λp would be greater than λr. In this design
it is assumed that the gravity load case critical.
This frame only has one bay therefore the snap through check is not required.
a) The plastic hinge at the bottom of the haunch must be provided with torsional restraint (i.e both flanges
should have lateral restraint). The simplest and most common way to do this is with stays back to a
substancial side rail. A further lateral restraint to the compression flange will be required at a distance
Lm from the hinge location (CI.5.3.3). Conservatively, the distance Lm must not exceed Lu given by:
→ Lu = 38ry / ((fc / 130) + (x / 36)2 . (Fy/275)2)0.5 (BS 5950 - 1:2000) ( BS4 - 1:2005)
The section (254 x 254 x73kg UC S275) has the following properties:
ry 6.48 cm
x 17.3
A 93.1 cm2
fc is the compressive stress in the column due to axial force = wL / (2A)
Provided that the conditions are satisfied the limiting distance Lu can be increased by allowing for the
shape of bending moment diagram, between the torsional restraint at the plastic hinge and adjacent
lateral restraint to the compression flange, by using the factor Ø. Try restrains at a distance half way
up the column at 3.36m away from the plastic hinge position.
7.22 7.17
plastic hinge position
6.72
c) The moment at plastic hinge equals 350kNm. The moment at a point half way up the column
equals 350 / 2 175 kNm
No increase in the value of Lm can be obtained by this method in this case. Therefore assume that
Lm cannot be increased beyond 6.95m by using this method for this section.
HDP CONSULTING ENGINEERS
BS5950-1:2000
Morupole Stores Warehouse PORTAL FRAME DESIGN Steel Design EC3 SHEET No.
Consider the length between the plastic hinge and the next lateral restraint to the compression flange
taking advantage of intermediate lateral restraint on the tension flange provided by the side rails. If it is
assumed that the side rails will be spaced at 1m intervals (i.e < Lm) this requirement is satisfied.
CI 5.3.4 of BS 5950 - 1 gives the limiting spacing Ls of restraints for S275 steel as:
It is likely that Annex G of BS 5950 - 1 would allow the spacing of the restraints to be increased.
Alternatively, the length between the lateral restraints adjacent to the plastic hinge could be placed at
1.5m spacing and is adequate.
The rafter stability needs to be checked in the eaves region and in the apex region. The eaves region
is usually critical for the vertical load case. The apex region of the rafter is more critical under the
horizontal load case, where uplift has occurred and the bottom flange of the rafter is in compression.
For vertical Loading the greater part of the rafter length will be subject to a sagging moment, with the
top flange in compression. The top of the flange rafter will be restrained at intervals by the purlins and
in elastic region away from plastic hinge, the rafter can be checked by normal rules of Clause 4.3 of
BS 5950 -1. Theis is normally a check that is easily satisfied. The plastic hinge near the apex must be
torsionally restrained, which is usually achieved using fly braces to the purlins.
Assuming that the haunch length is 10% of the span (2.075m long) Ls is less than the length of the
Haunch. A restraint would be required at about 1.7m from the column face. Conservatively a further
restraint is also required at 3.4m from the column face. CI 5.5.5 of BS 5950 - 1 allows the point of
contraflexure to be treated as a virtual lateral restraint to the bottome flange provided the purlins and
their connections to the rafter are capable of providing torsional restraint to the top flange of the rafter.
HDP CONSULTING ENGINEERS
BS5950-1:2000
Morupole Stores Warehouse PORTAL FRAME DESIGN Steel Design EC3 SHEET No.