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Business Statistics (Donnelly)
Chapter 7 Sampling and Sampling Distributions
1) Measuring the entire population is usually preferred over measuring a sample from the population.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: population, sample
Reference: Page 293
2) Sampling without replacement means that once a member of a population is chosen for a sample, it cannot be
chosen again for the same sample.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: sampling without replacement
Reference: Page 295
3) Excel's random sampling tool uses sampling with replacement.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Keywords: sampling with replacement
Reference: Page 295
4) With systematic sampling, there is the risk that the person selecting the next member for the sample from the
population may be biased in his or her choice.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: systematic sampling
Reference: Page 296
5) One concern about cluster sampling is periodicity.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Keywords: periodicity, systematic sampling
Reference: Page 297
6) Cluster sampling is often used to test market new products.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: cluster sampling
Reference: Page 299
7) Apple is considering offering the new version of the iPad in color options other than black and white. Before
deciding, Apple would like to survey potential iPad users on their preferences. Management feels that the
gender of the person will affect their response. As a result, Apple would like to ensure the sample in composed
of an equal number of male and female respondents. This is an example of cluster sampling.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: stratified sampling
Reference: Page 298
7-1
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
8) The bootstrap method can be applied to estimate parameters such as the population proportion, mean,
median, or variance.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: bootstrap method
Reference: Page 300
9) The bootstrap method can be applied to estimate statistics such as the sample proportion, mean, median, or
variance.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Keywords: bootstrap method
Reference: Page 300
10) Resampling is an example of a nonprobability sampling technique.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Keywords: resampling
Reference: Page 300
11) A convenience sample is an example of a nonprobability sample.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: nonprobability sample, convenience sample
Reference: Page 301
12) An Internet poll, where individuals may respond to a survey as many times as they choose to, is an example
of a nonprobability sample.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: nonprobability sample
Reference: Page 301
13) A population mean is an example of a statistic.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Keywords: parameter
Reference: Page 302
14) A sample median is an example of a statistic.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: statistic
Reference: Page 302
7-2
15) Sampling error is the difference between a sample statistic and a population parameter.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: sampling error, parameter, statistic
Reference: Page 302
16) Suppose the average amount spent per shopper at the Super Fresh Grocery Store last month was $46.10. A
sample of 25 transactions from last month was randomly selected. Another random sample of 50 transactions
was also collected. We can be certain that the sampling error from the sample of 50 customers will be less than
the sampling error from the 25 customers.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: sampling error
Reference: Page 302
17) A larger sample size will always result in a smaller sampling error.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 303
18) A small sample size could provide a smaller sampling error than a larger sample size when taken from the
same population.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 303
19) The presence of sampling error is an indication that an improper sampling technique was used.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 303
20) The average age of the MBA students in a particular statistics class is 30.7 years old. The ages of five
randomly selected students from this class are: 36, 25, 25, 29, and 30. The sampling error for this sample is -1.7
years.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 303
21) One method to reduce nonsampling errors is to increase the size of the sample.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: nonsampling error
Reference: Page 304
7-3
22) A common source of nonsampling errors is a survey that contains ambiguous questions in the eyes of the
respondent.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 304
23) To use the Central Limit Theorem, we need to know the mean and standard deviation of the population.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Keywords: Central Limit Theorem
Reference: Page 305
24) The sampling distribution of the mean describes the pattern that individual observations tend to follow when
randomly drawn from a population.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Keywords: Central Limit Theorem, sampling distribution of the mean
Reference: Page 308
25) We expect the average value of many sample means to be close to the population mean from which they
were drawn.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 309
26) The higher the standard error of the mean, the less variation you will notice from one sample mean to the
next as they are drawn from the population.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 309
27) The standard error of the mean is the sample mean standard deviation, which measures the variation around
the mean of the sample means.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: Central Limit Theorem, standard error of the mean
Reference: Page 310
28) The sample means for a population that follows the normal distribution will also be normally distributed,
regardless of the size of the samples.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 310
7-4
29) If the population does not follow the normal probability distribution, the Central Limit Theorem tells us that
the sample means will be normally distributed with sufficiently large sample size. In most cases, sample sizes of
5 or more will result in sample means being normally distributed, regardless of the shape of the population
distribution.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 310
30) As the sample size increases, the interval that contains 95% of the sample means becomes narrower.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Keywords: sampling distribution, sample size
Reference: Page 315
31) The sampling error for a census equals zero.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: Central Limit Theorem, census, sample size
Reference: Page 316
32) As the sample size decreases, the standard error of the proportion will also decrease.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
33) The sampling distribution of the proportion describes the pattern that sample proportions tend to take on
when randomly drawn from a population.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
34) When the proportion of sample size to population size, n/N, is greater than 5%, the finite population
correction factor is used to adjust the standard error of the proportion.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Keywords: finite population correction factor, standard error of the proportion
Reference: Page 324
7-5
35) A ________ sample is a sample in which each member of the population has a known, nonzero, chance of
being selected for the sample.
A) systematic
B) simple random
C) probability
D) convenience
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Keywords: probability sampling
Reference: Page 294
36) A ________ sample is a sample in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being
chosen.
A) systematic
B) simple random
C) probability
D) stratified
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Keywords: simple random sampling
Reference: Page 294
37) In ________ sampling, every kth member of the population is chosen for the sample.
A) systematic
B) cluster
C) probability
D) nonprobability
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 295
38) Periodicity is present in the population when

A) the population can be divided into mutually exclusive groups.
B) the population cannot be divided into mutually exclusive groups.
C) there is a pattern in the sample consistent with the value of k that is chosen in cluster sampling.
D) there is a pattern in the population consistent with the value of k that is chosen in systematic sampling.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Keywords: systematic sampling, periodicity
Reference: Page 297
7-6
39) In ________ sampling, we divide the population into mutually exclusive groups and randomly sample from
each of these groups.
A) stratified
B) cluster
C) probability
D) simple random
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 298
40) The primary purpose of cluster sampling is to make the sampling process
A) more convenient.
B) more economical.
C) less biased.
D) more accurate.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 299
41) The primary purpose of stratified sampling is to make the sampling process
A) more convenient.
B) more economical.
C) less biased.
D) more accurate.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 299
42) Deanna has been hired to visit the local shopping mall to conduct a survey about the upcoming political
election. She needs to select respondents at the mall and ask them questions about their voting tendencies.
Deanna decides to walk around the mall and select shoppers to participate. Which of the following sampling
techniques best describes Deanna's method?
A) systematic
B) convenience
C) simple random
D) stratified
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Keywords: simple random sampling
Reference: Page 294
7-7
Deanna decides to position herself by the only entrance to the mall and select every 10th shopper entering the
mall to participate. Which of the following sampling techniques best describes Deanna's method?
A) cluster
B) probability
C) simple random
D) systematic
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 295
44) John is the manager at a fast food restaurant and would like to determine the average number of cars
waiting for their order in the drive-through line during his hours of operation. Every day at noontime, he counts
the number of cars in the drive-through. Because of the lunchtime traffic, his survey overestimates the actual
average throughout the day. This error is due to
A) sampling error.
B) nonsampling error.
C) nonprobability error.
D) periodicity.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 295
45) Susan would like to conduct a survey of homeowners in the Meadowbrook neighborhood to get their
opinions on proposed road modifications in the area. Which of the following is an example of a convenience
sample?
A) Susan randomly chooses two streets in the neighborhood and selects every home on these streets.
B) Susan selects the first 20 homes that she passes as she walks into the entrance of the neighborhood.
C) Susan selects every third house on each street in the neighborhood.
D) None of these choices describes a convenience sample.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Keywords: convenience sampling
Reference: Page 301
opinions on proposed road modifications in the area. Which of the following is an example of a systematic
sample?
D) Susan ensures that her sample contains an equal number of two-story, split-level, and ranch homes in her
sample
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 295
7-8
opinions on proposed road modifications in the area. Which of the following is an example of a cluster sample?
D) None of these choices describes a cluster sample.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 298
opinions on proposed road modifications in the area. Which of the following is an example of a stratified
sample?
D) Susan ensures that her sample contains a number of two-story, split-level, and ranch homes in her sample
that corresponds to the number of homes in the neighborhood.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 298
opinions on proposed road modifications in the area. Which of the following is an example of a simple random
sample?
D) None of these choices describes a simple random sample.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 298
opinions on proposed road modifications in the area. She would like to sample 50 homes using systematic
sampling. There are a total of 200 homes in the Meadowbrook neighborhood. What value of k should Susan
use?
A) 4
B) 10
C) 50
D) 200
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Keywords: systematic sampling, periodicity
Reference: Page 296
7-9
Deanna decides to randomly select four stores in the mall and then approach each shopper in these stores and
ask them to participate in the survey. Which of the following sampling techniques best describes Deanna's
method?
A) cluster
B) convenience
C) simple random
D) stratified
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 298
Voting records show that 50% of the local population are registered as Republicans, 35% are registered as
Democrats, and the remaining as Independents. Deanna wants to be sure that her final sample has a similar
proportion of voters. Which of the following sampling techniques best describes Deanna's method?
A) cluster
B) convenience
C) simple random
D) stratified
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 298
Deanna decides to set up a booth with a sign offering to pay shoppers $20 if they respond to her survey. Which
of the following sampling techniques best describes Deanna's method?
A) stratified
B) convenience
C) simple random
D) systematic
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 301
54) The statistical technique where many samples are repeatedly drawn from a population is known as
A) convenience sampling.
B) nonprobability sampling.
C) resampling.
D) probability sampling.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Keywords: resampling
Reference: Page 300
7-10
55) A ________ sample is used when members of the population are chosen to become part of the sample
simply because they are easily accessible.
A) cluster
B) convenience
C) probability
D) stratified
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 301
56) The average weight of the entire batch of the boxes of cereal filled today was 18.03 ounces. A random
sample of four boxes was selected with the following weights: 18.02, 18.12, 18.10, and 18.08. The sampling
error for this sample is ________.
A) 0.00
B) -0.04
C) 0.05
D) 0.02
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 302
57) Consider the following population which represents the number of pieces of junk mail that I received during
the month of February.
Using the first row of data as a sample, the sampling error is ________.
A) 0.00
B) 0.25
C) -0.50
D) 0.75
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 302
7-11
58) Consider the following population which represents the years of teaching experience of the 24 full-time
business faculty at Wesley College.
A) -1.20
B) 0.80
C) -0.50
D) 1.40
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 302
59) A condominium complex contains 20 units. The following data shows the number of individuals living in
each unit.
A) 0.00
B) 0.40
C) -0.90
D) 0.25
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 302
60) ________ errors can occur as a result of a questionnaire that contains ambiguous questions.
A) Nonsampling
B) Sampling
C) Nonprobability
D) Judgment
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 304
7-12
61) In Chapter 1, the textbook author provided the following extreme example of a poorly worded survey
question:
"We would like to propose a national golf holiday. Everybody gets the day off from work and can play golf
all day. (You would not need permission from your spouse to play.) Are you in favor of this proposal?
A. Yes, most definitely.

B. Sure, why not?
C. No, I would rather spend the entire day at work.
P.S. If you choose C, we will permanently revoke all your golfing privileges everywhere in the country for
the rest of your life. We are dead serious.""
The results of this survey would be unreliable due to

A) sampling error.
B) judgment error.
C) nonsampling error.
D) nonprobability error.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 304
62) The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) states that the

A) sample means of any samples will be normally distributed regardless of the shape of their population
distributions.
B) sample means of large-sized samples will be uniformly distributed regardless of the shape of their population
distributions.
C) sample means of large-sized samples will be normally distributed regardless of the shape of their population
distributions.
D) sample means of any samples will be uniformly distributed regardless of the shape of their population
distributions.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 305
63) The Central Limit Theorem requires

A) a sample size of at least 30 be used to ensure that the samples means are normally distributed.
B) the population be normally distributed to ensure that the samples means are normally distributed.
C) the bootstrap method to be used to select the sample.
D) the resampling technique to be used to select the sample.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 310
7-13
64) The Central Limit Theorem plays an important role in statistics because
A) it provides information about the shape of the population distribution when the sample size is sufficiently
large.
B) it provides information about the shape of the sampling distribution when the sample size is sufficiently
large.
C) it provides information about the shape of the population distribution for any sample size.
D) it provides information about the shape of the sampling distribution for any sample size.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 310
65) For a sample size of two or more, the standard error of the mean must be
A) equal to the population standard deviation.
B) less than the population standard deviation.
C) less than the population mean.
D) more than the population mean.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Keywords: Central Limit Theorem, standard error of the mean
Reference: Page 310
66) As the size of the sample increases,

A) the standard error of the mean becomes smaller.
B) the population standard deviation increases.
C) the sampling error increases.
D) the shape of the sampling distribution becomes wider.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Keywords: Central Limit Theorem, standard error of the mean, sample size
Reference: Page 315
67) The process of recording information from the entire population is known as
A) collecting a sample.
B) resampling.
C) a bootstrap.
D) a census.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Keywords: census, sample size
Reference: Page 316
7-14
68) The finite population correction factor for the standard error of the mean should be used when the ratio of
the sample size to the size of the population exceeds ________.
A) 1%
B) 2%
C) 3%
D) 5%
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Keywords: finite population
Reference: Page 317
69) The purpose of the finite population correction factor for the standard error of the mean is to reflect the fact
that
A) the population standard deviation is lower for a finite population when compared to an infinite one.
B) the sampling error is lower for a finite population when compared to an infinite one.
C) the population standard deviation is higher for a finite population when compared to an infinite one.
D) the sampling error is higher for a finite population when compared to an infinite one.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Keywords: sampling error, finite population
Reference: Page 319
70) ClearBags is an online company that sells packaging materials for photographers. Suppose their average
order size is $210.18 with a standard deviation of $64.21. A random sample of 32 customer orders has been
selected. The standard error of the mean for this sample is ________.
A) $15.80
B) $64.21
C) $25.40
D) $11.35
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Keywords: standard error of the mean
Reference: Page 310
71) Suppose the average math SAT score for students enrolled at Madison College is 490.4 with a standard
deviation of 63.7. A random sample of 49 students has been selected. The standard error of the mean for this
sample is ________.
A) 9.1
B) 15.6
C) 28.4
D) 63.7
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 310
7-15
72) According to R.L. Polk & Co., Americans held onto their new vehicles for an average of 71.4 months. A
random sample of 60 adults who recently sold their new vehicle was selected. Assuming the standard deviation
for this population is 15.8 months, the standard error for this sample is ________.
A) 1.30
B) 2.04
C) 3.56
D) 5.92
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 310
73) According to Experian, the average FICO credit score for residents of El Paso, Texas, is 710. Suppose the
standard deviation for this population is 46.1. A random sample of 60 El Paso residents has been selected. The
standard error of the mean for this sample is ________.
A) 1.96
B) 3.28
C) 5.95
D) 8.44
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 310
74) According to the IRS, the average refund in the 2011 tax year was $3,109. Assuming that the standard
deviation for these refunds was $874, what is the standard error of the mean for a random sample of 50 tax
returns?
A) $74.66
B) $100.56
C) $123.60
D) $152.25
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 310
75) Taylor's Mill is a neighborhood comprised of 185 homes. According to the website Zillow, the average
market value of the homes in this neighborhood is $418, 300 with a standard deviation of $36,500. What is the
standard error for a random sample of 32 homes from this neighborhood?
A) $4,153.87
B) $5,883.76
C) $6,452.35
D) $7,510.35
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Keywords: standard error of the mean, finite population
Reference: Page 310
7-16
76) An Epson inkjet printer ad advertises that the black ink cartridge will provide enough ink for an average of
245 pages. Assume that this claim is accurate and that the standard deviation for this population is 15 pages. A
random sample of 33 customers was surveyed about the number of pages they were able to print with their
black ink cartridges. What the probability that the sample mean will be 246 pages or less?
A) 0.6480
B) 0.8729
C) 0.3520
D) 0.1093
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 311
77) Suppose the average driving distance for the 2011 Masters Golf Tournament was 282.5 yards with a
standard deviation of 12.2 yards. A random sample of 30 drives was selected from a total of 4,144 drives that
were hit during this tournament. What is the probability that the sample average was 279 yards or less?
A) 0.3540
B) 0.2676
C) 0.1611
D) 0.0582
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 311
78) According to R.L. Polk & Co., the average age of cars and light trucks in the U.S. in 2011 was 10.8 years.
Assume that the standard deviation for this population is 3.7 years. A sample of 35 randomly selected vehicles
was selected. What is the probability that the sample mean will be greater than 10 years?
A) 0.5469
B) 0.7812
C) 0.8997
D) 0.9846
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 311
79) MFP Research reported that average apartment rent in the U.S. during the 4th quarter of 2010 was $1,029.
A random sample of 45 apartments was selected. Using a population standard deviation of $210, what is the
probability that the sample mean will be greater than $1,050?
A) 0.2196
B) 0.2514
C) 0.3974
D) 0.4483
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 311
7-17
80) The Beer Institute reported that monthly consumption of beer in 2010 was 1.7 gallons per person. A random
sample of 36 adults was selected. Using a standard deviation of 0.5 gallons per month per person, what is the
probability that the sample mean was between 1.6 and 1.8 gallons per month per person?
A) 0.4960
B) 0.5596
C) 0.7698
D) 0.9082
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 311
81) Suppose the local Best Buy store averages 522 customers per day entering the facility with a standard
deviation of 124 customers. A random sample of 40 business days was selected. What is the probability that the
average number of customers in the sample is between 530 and 540?
A) 0.0572
B) 0.1621
C) 0.2387
D) 0.3057
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 311
82) A key metric in the cell phone industry is average revenue per user (ARPU) which represents the average
dollar amount that a customer spends per store visit. In 2011, AT&T reported their ARPU was $63.76. Suppose
the standard deviation for this population is $22.50. What is the probability that the ARPU will be between $60
and $63 from a random sample of 38 customers?
A) 0.1515
B) 0.2653
C) 0.4168
D) 0.5517
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 311
83) In 2011, the average amount of time to foreclose on a house in the U.S. was reported to be 438 days.
Assume that the standard deviation for this population is 126.5 days. A random sample of 50 homes that have
completed the foreclosure process was selected. What is the probability that the sample average was less than
450 days?
A) 0.0129
B) 0.6179
C) 0.7486
D) 0.8686
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 311
7-18
84) According to comScore, Facebook users spent an average of 405 minutes on the site during the month of
January 2012. Assume that this population has a standard deviation of 135 minutes. A random sample of 32
users was selected from this population. What is the probability that the average number of minutes on the site
in January was less than 390 minutes?
A) 0.2643
B) 0.3669
C) 0.4801
D) 0.5398
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 311
85) The MBA program at Dover College has an enrollment of 160 students with an average age of 34.7 years
old and a standard deviation 5.2 years. A random sample of 40 MBA students was selected. What is the
probability that the average age of the sample is less than 34 years old?
A) 0.4443
B) 0.3300
C) 0.2946
D) 0.1635
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Keywords: Central Limit Theorem, finite population
Reference: Page 317
86) An NCAA study reported that the average salary of the 300 major college football coaches in 2011 was
$1.47 million. Using a random sample of 30 coaches and a population standard deviation of $300,000, what is
the probability that the sample mean is between $1.4 million and $1.5 million per year?
A) 0.6829
B) 0.7754
C) 0.8660
D) 0.9159
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 317
87) Dover Motors is a car dealership that sells new and used cars. Suppose they sold 140 used cars during the
first quarter of 2011. The average selling price was $10,325 with a standard deviation of $2,880. A random
sample of 60 used cars from this population was selected. What is the probability that the sample mean exceeds
$10,000?
A) 0.5987
B) 0.6736
C) 0.8749
D) 0.9115
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 317
7-19
88) Suppose there are 310 first-year lawyers in a particular metropolitan area with an average starting salary of
$156,000 and a standard deviation of $13,000. What is the standard error of the mean for a random sample of
33 first-year lawyers?
A) $2,142.63
B) $2,263.01
C) $3,145.44
D) $4,512.26
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Keywords: Central Limit Theorem, finite population, standard error of the mean
Reference: Page 317
89) The national average price for regular gasoline in February 2012 was reported to be $3.52 per gallon. The
standard deviation for the price of regular gasoline was $0.08. A random sample of 30 gas stations had an
average price of $3.59. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is $3.47 and $3.57. Because the sample mean is not
between these two values, we have support that the average price for regular gasoline is $3.52.
B) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is $3.49 and $3.55. Because the sample mean is not
between these two values, we do not have support that the average price for regular gasoline is $3.52.
C) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is $3.44 and $3.60. Because the sample mean is not
between these two values, we do not have support that the average price for regular gasoline is $3.52.
D) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is $3.44 and $3.60. Because the sample mean is between
these two values, we have support that the average price for regular gasoline is $3.52.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Keywords: Central Limit Theorem, testing a claim
Reference: Page 312
90) The average battery life of the iPhone 4S is reported to be 6.0 hours. Assume that the standard deviation for
the battery life for this cell phone is 45 minutes. A random sample of 42 iPhones had an average battery life of
5.86 hours. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 5.09 and 6.90 hours. Because the sample mean is
between these two values, we have support that the average battery life equals 6.0 hours.
B) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 6.0 and 6.5 hours. Because the sample mean is not
between these two values, we do not have support that the average battery life equals 6.0 hours.
C) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 5.77 and 6.23 hours. Because the sample mean is
D) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 5.09 and 6.90 hours. Because the sample mean is not
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 312
7-20
91) A study conducted by Harvard Business School recorded the amount of time CEOs devoted to various
activities during the workweek. Meetings were the single largest activity averaging 18 hours per week. Assume
that the standard deviation for the time spent in meetings is 5.2 hours. To confirm these results, a random
sample of 35 CEOs was selected. This sample averaged 16.8 hours per week in meetings. Which of the
following statements is correct?
A) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 16.3 and 19.7 hours. Because the sample mean is
between these two values, we have support for the results of the CEO study by the Harvard Business School.
B) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 17.1 and 18.9 hours. Because the sample mean is not
between these two values, we do not have support for the results of the CEO study by the Harvard Business
School.
C) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 15.7 and 20.3 hours. Because the sample mean is
between these two values, we have support for the results of the CEO study by the Harvard Business School.
D) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 15.7 and 20.3 hours. Because the sample mean is
between these two values, we do not have support for the results of the CEO study by the Harvard Business
School.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 312
92) A study conducted in May 2011 reported that 18- to24-year-olds averaged 192 restaurant visits per year.
Assume that the standard deviation for number of visits per year for this age group is 56.5. To validate these
findings, a random sample of forty 18- to 24-year-olds was selected and found to average 212 restaurant visits
per year. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 170.3 and 213.7 visits. Because the sample mean is
between these two values, we have support for the results of the May 2011 study.
B) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 170.3 and 213.7 visits. Because the sample mean is
between these two values, we do not have support for the results of the May 2011 study.
C) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 174.5 and 209.5 visits. Because the sample mean is
not between these two values, we have support for the results of the May 2011 study.
D) The interval that contains 95% of the sample means is 174.5 and 209.5 visits. Because the sample mean is
not between these two values, we do not have support for the results of the May 2011 study.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 312
93) The sampling distribution of the proportion follows the ________ probability distribution.
A) Poisson
B) uniform
C) binomial
D) exponential
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Keywords: sampling distribution of the proportion
Reference: Page 321
7-21
94) The sampling distribution of the proportion follows the normal distribution when the values np and nq are
greater than or equal to ________.
A) 5
B) 20
C) 30
D) 50
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
95) According to IDC, Apple's share of the smartphone market was 20% during the 3rd quarter of 2011. A
random sample of 115 smartphone users was selected. The standard error of the proportion is ________.
A) 0.0157
B) 0.0373
C) 0.0690
D) 0.1016
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Keywords: standard error of the proportion
Reference: Page 322
96) The No Child Left behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) established standards-based guidelines to determine the
effectiveness of public schools. According to the Center on Education Policy, 48% of U.S. public schools failed
to make adequate progress in 2011 as defined by NCLB. A random sample of 81 public schools was selected.
The standard error of the proportion is ________.
A) 0.0119
B) 0.0260
C) 0.0555
D) 0.0819
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
97) In November 2011, 14.8% of visitors to the Travelocity website hailed from the Google search engine. A
random sample of 160 visitors on the Travelocity was selected. The standard error of the proportion is
________.
A) 0.0519
B) 0.0135
C) 0.0633
D) 0.0281
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
7-22
98) According to Eurostat, 55.2% of households in Italy have one child, the highest percentage in the Euro
zone. A random sample of 160 Italian households was selected. The standard error of the proportion is
________.
A) 0.0165
B) 0.0393
C) 0.0410
D) 0.0454
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
99) The Wall Street Journal reported that a travel study conducted in 2011 found that 28% of baby boomers
(those born between 1946 and 1964) took a cruise vacation within the last three years. A random sample of 100
baby boomers was selected. What is the probability that 32 or fewer of these individuals took a cruise within the
last three years?
A) 0.8133
B) 0.7054
C) 0.6255
D) 0.5398
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
100) According to IDC, HP controls 34% of the color inkjet printer market worldwide. A random sample of 150
inkjet users was selected. What is the probability that 45 or fewer of these individuals used an HP printer?
A) 0.0217
B) 0.1515
C) 0.0749
D) 0.2236
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
101) Recent census data indicated that 14.2% of adults between the ages of 25 and 34 live with their parents. A
random sample of 125 young adults in this age group was selected. What is the probability that between 14 and
20 of these young adults lived with their parents?
A) 0.0808
B) 0.2420
C) 0.5505
D) 0.7190
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 322
7-23
102) A Florida neighborhood is comprised of 250 houses of which 12% are in foreclosure. A random sample of
91 homes from this neighborhood was selected. The standard error of the proportion is ________.
A) 0.0272
B) 0.0341
C) 0.0566
D) 0.0748
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Keywords: standard error of the proportion, finite population correction factor
Reference: Page 324
103) The Fortune 500 is comprised of Fortune magazine's annual list of the top 500 companies in the U.S.
ranked by revenues. According to Catalyst, 16% of positions on corporate boards at Fortune 500 companies
were held by women in 2011. A random sample of 100 Fortune 500 companies was selected. The standard error
of the proportion is ________.
A) 0.0125
B) 0.0329
C) 0.0467
D) 0.0592
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Keywords: standard error of the proportion, finite population correction factor
Reference: Page 324
104) According to StatCounter, Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser had 40% of the global market in
November 2011. A random sample of 80 users was selected. What is the probability that 30 or more from this
sample used Internet Explorer as their browser?
A) 0.5040
B) 0.5910
C) 0.6255
D) 0.6772
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
105) In 2010, FHA mortgages, which are insured by the federal government, accounted for 33% of all home-
purchase mortgages that were approved. A random sample of 160 mortgage applications from 2010 was
selected. What is the probability that 56 or more from this sample were insured by the FHA?
A) 0.1335
B) 0.1711
C) 0.2946
D) 0.3974
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
7-24
106) With the increased demand for Internet access, airlines have been investing in expanding service on their
flights. In 2011, 79% of Delta Air Lines' 727 planes were equipped with Wi-Fi A random sample of 200 planes
from Delta's fleet was selected. What is the probability that 164 or fewer planes from this sample were equipped
with Wi-Fi?
A) 0.6255
B) 0.7324
C) 0.8508
D) 0.8888
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Keywords: sampling distribution of the proportion, finite population correction factor
Reference: Page 324
107) According to Gartner, 94% of PCs used a Microsoft operating system in 2011. A random sample of 150
PCs was selected. What is the probability that 135 or fewer from this sample were using a Microsoft operating
system?
A) 0.0197
B) 0.0351
C) 0.1762
D) 0.2578
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
108) Scotland has been a member of the United Kingdom since the 1707 Act of Union. In a recent poll, 35% of
Scots would vote in favor of leaving the U.K. A random sample of 100 Scots was selected. What is the
probability that between 30 and 36 of them were in favor of leaving the U.K.?
A) 0.1056
B) 0.2247
C) 0.4363
D) 0.5956
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 322
109) According to the National Center for Health Statistics, 17% of adults between the ages of 45 and 64 had
taken statin drugs in the prior 30 days to reduce cholesterol levels. A random sample of 120 adults from this age
group was selected. What is the probability that between 24 and 27 from this sample had taken statin drugs
during the last 30 days?
A) 0.1373
B) 0.1892
C) 0.3026
D) 0.4478
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 322
7-25
110) According to Manhattan Research, 39% of physicians surveyed said they communicate with patients
through e-mail. A random sample of 80 physicians was selected. What is the probability that 26 or more from
this sample e-mail their patients?
A) 0.9868
B) 0.8830
C) 0.7642
D) 0.5871
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 322
111) A statistics class has 140 students of which 55% are female. A random sample of 40 students was selected.
What is the probability that 24 or more from this sample will be female?
A) 0.0505
B) 0.1469
C) 0.2266
D) 0.2611
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 324
112) Soffritto Italian Grill served 220 dinners last Saturday night. The Chef's Special was ordered by 15% of the
customers. A random sample of 50 customer orders from that evening was selected. What is the probability that
between 8 and 12 of these orders were the Chef's Special?
A) 0.3912
B) 0.5210
C) 0.7418
D) 0.8267
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 324
7-26
113) According to the Gallup Crime survey, 23% of gun owners in 2011 were women. From a random sample
of 240 gun owners, 47 were female. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.177 and 0.283. Because the sample proportion
is between these two values, we have support that the proportion of gun owners who are female is 23%.
B) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.177 and 0.283. Because the sample proportion
is not between these two values, we do not have support that the proportion of gun owners who are female is
23%.
C) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.2039 and 0.2561. Because the sample
proportion is between these two values, we have support that the proportion of gun owners who are female is
23%.
D) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.2039 and 0.2561. Because the sample
proportion is not between these two values, we do not have support that the proportion of gun owners who are
female is 23%.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Keywords: sampling distribution of the proportion, testing a claim
Reference: Page 323
114) A study conducted by UCLA's Cooperative Institutional Research program found that 39.5% of college
freshman spent six or more hours a week studying or doing homework during their senior year in high school.
To verify these results, a random sample of 200 freshmen was asked how many hours they studied a week
during their senior year in high school. A total of 88 students from this sample responded that they studied six
or more hours a week. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.3647 and 0.4253. Because the sample
proportion is between these two values, we have support for the results of UCLA's study.
B) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.3647 and 0.4253. Because the sample
proportion is not between these two values, we have support for the results of UCLA's study.
C) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.3272 and 0.4628. Because the sample
proportion is between these two values, we have support for the results of UCLA's study.
D) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.3272 and 0.4628. Because the sample
proportion is not between these two values, we do not have support for the results of UCLA's study.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 323
7-27
115) The Affordable Care Act is a healthcare reform bill that President Obama signed into law on March 23,
2010. This bill is also known as "ObamaCare". A survey conducted by Jackson & Coker in September 2011
found that only 13% of doctors support this legislation. To validate these findings, a random sample of 300
doctors was asked if they support the Affordable Care Act. A total of 54 doctors from this sample responded
that they supported this bill. Which of the following statements is correct?
is between these two values, we have support for the results of the Jackson & Coker survey.
is not between these two values, we do not have support for the results of the Jackson & Coker survey.
C) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.064 and 0.196. Because the sample proportion
is between these two values, we have support for the results of the Jackson & Coker survey.
D) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.064 and 0.196. Because the sample proportion
is not between these two values, we do not have support for the results of the Jackson & Coker survey.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 323
116) A survey conducted by the Country Financial Security Index in 2011 asked adults 18 and older if they felt
that next year will be financially better for them. Thirty percent of the respondents answered "Yes". To verify
these findings, a random sample of 250 adults was asked the same question. A total of 55 adults from this
sample responded "Yes". Which of the following statements is correct?
is between these two values, we have support for the results of the Country Financial Security Index survey.
is not between these two values, we do not have support for the results of the Country Financial Security Index
survey.
C) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.243 and 0.357. Because the sample proportion
is between these two values, we have support for the results of the Country Financial Security Index survey.
D) The interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions is 0.243 and 0.357. Because the sample proportion
is not between these two values, we do not have support for the results of the Country Financial Security Index
survey.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 323
7-28
117) According to the National Retail Federation, men spent an average of $484 over Black Friday weekend in
2011. Assume that the standard deviation for this population is $146. A random sample of 42 men shoppers
over this weekend was selected. What is the probability that the average amount spent on Black Friday weekend
from this sample was less than $500?
Answer:
Diff: 1
Keywords: sampling distribution of the mean
Reference: Page 311
118) According to the National Retail Federation, women spent an average of $317 over Black Friday weekend
in 2011. Assume that the standard deviation for this population is $90. A random sample of 50 women shoppers
over this weekend was selected. What is the probability that the average amount spent on Black Friday weekend
from this sample was more than $300?
Answer:
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 311
119) According to the Labor Department, the average duration of unemployment for adults ages 20 to 24 was
34.6 weeks in November 2011. Assume that the standard deviation for this population is 10.2 weeks. A random
sample of 36 adults in this age group was selected. What is the probability that the average duration of
unemployment was between 31 and 35 weeks?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 311
7-29
120) According to Nielsen, the average smartphone owner used 606 megabytes of data per month in the third
quarter of 2011. Assume that the standard deviation of data usage was 240 megabytes per month. A random
sample of 60 smartphone users was selected. What is the probability that the average amount of data used in this
sample was less than 580 megabytes?
Answer:
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 311
121) According to Responsys, the retailer Neiman Marcus sent an average of 534 e-mails to each of their
customers in 2011. Assume that the standard deviation for the number of e-mails per customer that year was
122. A random sample of 30 Neiman Marcus customers was selected. What is the probability that the average
number of e-mails sent to each of these customers in 2011 exceeded 570?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 311
7-30
122) According to Responsys, the retailer Lands' End sent an average of 376 e-mails to each of their customers
in 2011. Assume that the standard deviation for the number of e-mails per customer that year was 96. A random
sample of 40 Lands' End customers was selected. What is the probability that the average number of e-mails
sent to each of their customers in 2011 was between 360 and 372?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 311
123) According to Strategic Vision, the average age of Mercedes buyers in the U.S. is 54 years old. Assume that
the standard deviation for the age of these buyers is 8.5 years. A random sample of 38 Mercedes buyers was
selected. What is the probability that the average age of these buyers is less than 56 years old?
Answer:
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 311
7-31
124) According to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, the average round-trip domestic airfare was $362 in
2011. Assume that the standard deviation for domestic airfare in 2011 was $88. A random sample of 60 round-
trip airfares from 2011 was selected. What is the probability that the average airfare from this sample is between
$340 and $355?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 311
125) According to College Board, the average tuition for a four-year private college was $28,500 for the 2011-
2012 academic year. There are a total of 1,845 four-year private institutions in the U.S. Assume that the
standard deviation for the tuition for these colleges is $2,700. A random sample of 100 four-year private
colleges was selected. What is the probability that the average tuition from this sample is between $28,000 and
$29,000?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Keywords: sampling distribution of the mean, finite population correction factor
Reference: Page 317
7-32
126) According to College Board, the average out-of-state tuition for a four-year public college was $20,770 for
the 2011-2012 academic year. There are a total of 629 four-year public institutions in the U.S. Assume that the
standard deviation for the tuition for these colleges is $2,100. A random sample of 55 four-year public colleges
was selected. What is the probability that the average tuition from this sample is less than $21,000?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Keywords: sampling distribution of the mean, finite population correction factor
Reference: Page 317
127) A business statistics class with 110 students recently had an exam. The mean exam score was a 78.3 and
the standard deviation of the exam score was 7.2. What is the probability that a random sample of 32 exams has
an average score more than 80?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Keywords: finite population, sampling distribution of the mean
Reference: Page 317
7-33
128) According to a report by Capital Economics, the average monthly mortgage payment in Chicago in 2011
was $1,002. Assume that the standard deviation for monthly mortgage payments in Chicago is $168. To
confirm these results, a random sample of 55 homeowners in Chicago was selected and found to have an
average monthly mortgage payment of $1,030. Do the results of this survey support the report by Capital
Economics?
Answer:
Because 1,030 is between these limits, the results of this survey do support the report by Capital Economics.
Diff: 3
Reference: Page 312
129) According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, the average annual premium paid by workers with employee-
provided health insurance for family coverage was $4,129 in 2011. Assume that the standard deviation for this
annual premium is $560. To confirm these results, a random sample of 42 households with employee-provided
health insurance was collected and found to have an average premium of $4,470 for family coverage. Determine
the interval that contains 95% of the sample means from this sampling distribution and conclude whether or not
this sample supports the findings of the Kaiser Family Foundation.
Answer:
Because the sample mean does not fall with this interval, the sample does not support the findings of the Kaiser
Family Foundation.
Diff: 3
Reference: Page 312
7-34
130) According to CTIA, the U.S. wireless industry handles more subscribers than any other country in the
world, averaging 793 minutes per month per customer. Assume that the standard deviation for the number of
minutes used per customer per month is 270. To confirm these results, a random sample of 65 wireless
customers was selected and found to have a sample average of 822 minutes. Determine the interval that contains
95% of the sample means from this sampling distribution and conclude whether or not this sample supports the
findings of CTIA.
Answer:
Because the sample mean falls with this interval, the sample does support the findings of CTIA.
Diff: 3
Reference: Page 312
131) According to SNL Kagan, the average monthly cable bill for homes in the U.S. was $78 in 2011. Assume
that the standard deviation for monthly cable bills is $8.50. To confirm these results, a random sample of 46
cable subscribers was selected and found to have an average monthly cable bill of $74.70. Do the results of this
survey support the report by Capital Economics?
Answer:
Because the sample mean does not fall with this interval, the results of this survey do not support the report the
findings of SNL Kagan.
Diff: 3
Reference: Page 312
7-35
132) According to the 2011 Catalyst Census, 16% of executive officers were women with companies that have
company headquarters in the Midwest. A random sample of 125 executive officers from these companies was
selected. What is the probability that more than 20% of this sample is comprised of female employees?
Answer:
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 321
133) A recent survey found that 86% of employees plan to devote at least some work time to follow games
during the 2012 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament. A random sample of 100 employees was selected. What
is the probability that less than 80% of this sample will devote work time to follow games?
Answer:
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 321
7-36
134) Late flights for U.S. airlines are defined as those arriving 15 minutes later than the scheduled arrival.
According to the Department of Transportation, 20.4% of domestic flights were late in 2011. A random sample
of 140 random domestic flights was selected. What is the probability that 35 or fewer flights from this sample
were late?
Answer:
Diff: 1
Reference: Page 321
135) A recent survey found that 42% of IT professionals monitor employees trying to access video stream of the
NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament. A random sample of 75 IT professionals was selected. What is the
probability that between 40% and 48% of this sample will monitor employees trying to access video stream of
the NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 321
7-37
136) According to the Department of Transportation, American Airlines controlled 72.1% of the air traffic at
the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport in 2011. A random sample of 100 airline passengers at the Dallas/Fort Worth
Airport was selected. What is the probability that between 64 and 70 passengers in the sample were flying with
American Airlines?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 321
137) A recent survey found that 55% of Human Resource professionals feel that office sports pools have a
positive effect on morale. A random sample of 150 HR professionals was selected. What is the probability that
more than 52% of this sample will feel that office sports pools have a positive effect on morale?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 321
7-38
138) According to Pew Research Center, 68% of Internet users accessed social-media sites in August 2011. A
random sample of 120 Internet users was selected. What is the probability that between 80 and 90 individuals
from this sample accessed social-media sites?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 321
139) Franklin Township has 730 registered Democrats residing in the voting district. According to the voting
records, 37% participated in the last local election. A random sample of 180 registered Democrats was selected.
What is the probability that 54 or fewer of these individuals voted in the recent election?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 323
7-39
140) Davidson College has 1,218 enrolled undergraduate students of which 295 are business majors. A random
sample of 160 undergraduate students was selected. What is the probability that 48 or more of these students are
business majors?
Answer:
Diff: 2
Reference: Page 323
7-40
141) A business statistics class with 250 students recently had an exam of which 210 students earned a passing
grade. A random sample of 60 students was selected from this class. What is the probability that between 48
and 56 students passed this exam?
Answer:
Diff: 3
Reference: Page 323
142) According to IDC, Apple controlled 5.4% of the global computer market in the 4th quester of 2011. To
verify this market share, a random sample of 200 computer users was selected of which 7.5% were Apple
models. Determine the interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions from this sampling distribution and
conclude whether or not this sample supports the findings of IDC.
Answer:
Because the sample proportion does fall with this interval, the sample supports the findings of IDC.
Diff: 3
Reference: Page 321
7-41
143) According to Pew Research Center, 83% of U.S. adults are using the Internet in January 2012. To verify
this percentage, a random sample of 150 adults was selected of which 137 use the Internet. Determine the
interval that contains 95% of the sample proportions from this sampling distribution and conclude whether or
not this sample supports the findings of Pew Research Center.
Answer:
Because the sample proportion does not fall with this interval, the sample does not support the findings of Pew
Research Center.
Diff: 3
Reference: Page 321
144) Obesity is defined as being 30 or more pounds over a healthy weight. According to the Gallup-Healthways
Well-being Index, 33.6% of adults living in the state of Delaware are obese. To verify this percentage, a random
sample of 240 adults from Delaware was selected of which 74 were obese. Does this sample support the
findings of the Gallup-Healthways Well-being Index?
Answer:
Because this probability is greater than 5%, the results from this sample support the findings of the Gallup-
Healthways Well-being Index.
Diff: 3
Reference: Page 321
7-42
145) According to a survey conducted by Country Financial in 2011, 58% of adults 18 and older felt that a
college education was still a good financial investment. To verify these results, a random sample of 210 adults
was selected of which 142 felt that a college education was still a good financial investment. Does this sample
support the findings of Country Financial?
Answer:
Because this probability is less than 5%, the results from this sample do not support the findings of the Gallup-
Healthways Well-being Index.
Diff: 3
Reference: Page 321
7-43
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
ERICA spicata.
CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.
Erica, antheris aristatis, inclusis; floribus pluribus, dense spicatis,

subterminalibus; foliis subsenis.
DESCRIPTIO.
Caulis fruticosus, pedalis, erectus, ramis pluribus, confertis,

adscendentibus.
Folia subsena, linearia, mucronata, patentia, glaberrima, subtus sulcata,
petiolis brevissimis, cauli adpressis.
Flores plures, subterminales arcte stipati, in spicam duram; ima parte
luteoli, summa virescens.
Calyx. Perianthium persistens, duplex; exterius polyphyllum, foliolis
lanceolatis, inæqualibus; interius tetraphyllum, flavescens, foliolis aduncis,
spathulatis, summa inflata, callosa, acuminata, connivente.
Corolla teretiuscula, basi attenuata, ore obtuso, quadrifido, æquali,
connivente.
Stamina. Filamenta octo, capillaria, corollæ subæqualia, receptaculo
inserta. Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ.
Pistillum. Germen subrotundum. Stylus filiformis, staminibus longior.
Stigma tetragonum.
Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.
Floret a Novembri in Aprilem.
REFERENTIA.
1. Calyx et Corolla.
2. Calyx et Bractea lente aucta.
3. Stamina et Pistillum.
4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta, anthera una lente aucta.
5. Stylus et Stigma lente aucta.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Heath, with bearded tips, within the blossoms; which are numerous, on a
close spike, nearly terminating the branches; leaves growing mostly by
sixes.
DESCRIPTION.
Stem shrubby, growing a foot high, upright, with numerous, crowded,

undivided, and ascending branches.
Leaves growing mostly by sixes, sharp-pointed, spreading, and smooth,
channelled underneath, and pressed to the stem by short foot-stalks.
Flowers numerous, growing nearly at the end of branches, in hard
close-set spikes; the lower part of a light yellow, the extremity of a light
green.
Empalement. Cup permanent, double; the outer many-leaved, unequal,
and spear-shaped; the inner four-leaved, which are yellow, crooked, and
spatula-shaped; their upper part hard, inflated, sharp-pointed, and tending to
each other.
Blossom somewhat cylindrical, with a tapered base; the mouth blunt,
and divided into a four-cleft, equal border, whose segments tend to each
other.
Chives. Eight hair-like threads, nearly of a length with the blossom, fixed
into the receptacle. Tips bearded, and within the blossom.
Pointal. Seed-vessel roundish. Shaft thread-shaped, and longer than the
threads. Summit four-cornered.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
In bloom from November till April.
REFERENCE.
1. The Empalement with the Blossom.
2. The Empalement and Floral-leaves magnified.
3. The Chives and Pointal.
4. The Chives detached from the Pointal, one tip magnified.
5. The Shaft and its Summit magnified.
ERICA spuria.
Erica, antheris muticis, inclusis; stylo exserto; corollis sub-cylindricis,

dilute purpureis; laciniis revolutis; floribus terminalibus, sub-quaternis;
foliis quaternis, sub-ciliatis.
DESCRIPTIO.
Caulis fruticosus, pedalis, ramosus; ramuli numerosi, sub-erecti.

Folia quaterna, linearia, sub-ciliata, subtus sulcata; petiolis brevissimis,
adpressis.
Flores in apicibus ramulorum sessiles, sub-quaterni; pedunculi
brevissimi, bracteis tribus minutis instructi.
Calyx. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis subulatis, carinatis, adpressis.
Corolla sub-cylindrica, pollicaris, dilute purpurea; laciniis sub-ovatis,
acutis, revolutis; ore parum arctato.
Stamina. Filamenta octo capillaria, corollâ breviora; antheræ muticæ,
inclusæ.
Pistillum. Germen ovatum, sulcatum. Stylus filiformis, exsertus. Stigma
tetragonum.
Floret a mense Aprili in Augustum.
REFERENTIA.
2. Calyx lente auctus.
3. Stamina et Pistillum.
4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta; anthera una lente aucta.
5. Stylus et Stigma, lente aucta.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Heath, with beardless tips, within the blossom; shaft without; blossoms
nearly cylindrical, of a light purple; segments of the border rolled back;
flowers terminate the smaller branches, mostly by fours; leaves grow by
fours, a little hairy at the edges.
DESCRIPTION.
Stem shrubby, grows a foot high, and branching; the small branches are
numerous, and nearly upright.
Leaves grow by fours, are linear, a little hairy, furrowed beneath; with
very short foot-stalks pressed to the branches.
Flowers grow at the end of the small branches, generally by fours, and
sitting close upon them; footstalks very short, having three very small floral
leaves.
Empalement. Cup of four leaves, which are awl-shaped, keeled, and
pressed to the blossom.
Blossom nearly cylindrical, an inch long, and of a light purple; segments
of the border nearly egg-shaped, sharp-pointed, and rolled back; the mouth a
little narrowed.
Chives. Eight hair-like threads, shorter than the blossom; tips beardless,
and within the blossom.
Pointal. Seed-bud egg-shaped and furrowed. Shaft thread-shaped, and
without the blossom. Summit four-cornered.
Flowers from the month of April till August.
REFERENCE.
1. The Empalement and Blossom.

2. The Empalement magnified.
4. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.
5. The Shaft and Summit, magnified.
ERICA taxifolia.
Erica antheris muticis, inclusis; floribus spicato-umbellatis, terminalibus;

corolla ventricosa, ore arctata, calyce colorato, fere tecta, limbo patente;
foliis rigidis, ternis, trigonis, mucronatis, sexsariam imbricatis.
DESCRIPTIO.
Caulis fruticosus, erectus, ramosissimus; rami et ramuli patento-erecti,

valde cicatrisati.
Folia terna, trigona, glabra, linearia, rigida, mucronata, sexsariam
imbricata; petiolis brevissimis, adpressis.
Flores in apicibus ramulorum umbellati, numerosi, erecti; pedunculi
colorati, longitudine corollarum; bracteæ duæ supra medium pedunculi,
tertia vero ad basin.
Calyx. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, mucronatis, concavis,
membranaceis, coloratis, longitudine sere corollæ.
Corolla ventricosa, ore arctata, carnea; laciniis patentibus, mucronatis,
semi ovatis.
Stamina. Filamenta octo, capillaria, curvata. Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ,
flavæ.
Pistillum. Germen subrotundum, sulcatum. Stylus inclusus, filiformis.
Stigma peltato-tetragonum.
Floret a mensi Augusti, in Novembrem.
REFERENTIA.
2. Calyx, lente auctus.
3. Corolla.
4. Stamina, et Pistillum.
5. Stamina a Pistillo diducta, anthera una lente aucta.
6. Pistillum, auctum.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Heath with beardless tips, within the blossom; the flowers terminate the
branches in umbels, forming a spike; blossom swelled at the base, pinched
in at the top, and almost covered by a coloured cup, with the border
spreading; leaves grow by threes, harsh, three-sided, sharp-pointed, and tiled
in six divisions round the stem.
DESCRIPTION.
Stem shrubby, upright, very branching; the larger and smaller branches
grow spreading, and upright, and are very much notched.
Leaves grow by threes, three-sided, smooth, linear, harsh, sharp-pointed,
and tiled in six divisions; with very short foot-stalks, pressed to the
branches.
Flowers grow at the ends of the small branches in umbels, numerous
and upright; foot-stalks coloured, the length of the blossoms; two floral
leaves upon the middle of the foot-stalk, and the third at its base.
Empalement. Cup four-leaved, leaflets egg-shaped, pointed, concave,
skinny, and coloured, nearly the length of the blossom.
Blossom swelled at the base, narrowed at the mouth, and flesh coloured;
segments spreading, pointed, and half egg-shaped.
Chives. Threads eight, hair-like, and curved. Tips beardless, within the
blossom, and yellow.
Pointal. Seed-bud roundish, and furrowed. Shaft within the blossom,
and thread-shaped. Summit between shield and four-cornered.
Flowers from August till November.
REFERENCE.
1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Empalement, magnified.
3. The Blossom.
4. The Chives, and Pointal.
5. The Chives detached from the Pointal, one Tip magnified.
6. The Pointal, magnified.
ERICA tubiflora.
Erica, antheris muticis, sub-exsertis, floribus sub-solitariis, sessilibus,

terminalibus; corollis clavato-cylindricis, curvatis, pubescentibus; foliis
quaternis, tenuibus, ciliatis.
DESCRIPTIO.
Caulis flexibilis, erectus, superne tomentosus; rami sparsi, filiformes,

frequentes, villosi; ramuli frequentissimi brevissimi.
Folia quaterna, tenuia, obtusa, ciliata, subtus sulcata.
Flores sessiles, in ramulis terminates, sub-solitarii, patenti, racemum
quasi formantes longum.
Calyx. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis spathulatis, ciliatis, pedunculis
fere nullis, bracteis tribus adpressis.
Corolla clavata, curvata, villosa, carnea oris laciniis acutis, reflexis.
Stamina. Filamenta octo capillaria. Antheræ muticæ, sub-exsertæ.
Pistillum. Germen pedicillatum, sub-globosum, profunde sulcatum.
Stylus filiformis, apice curvatus, exsertus. Stigma obsolete tetragonum.
Floret a mensi Aprili, in Julium.
REFERENTIA.
1. Folium, auctum.
2. Calyx.
3. Calyx, auctus.
4. Corolla.
5. Stamina, et Pistillum, anthera una lente aucta.
6. Pistillum.
7. Pistillum, auctum.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Heath, with beardless tips, within the blossom; flowers grow mostly singly
at the end of the branches; blossoms between club and cylindar-shaped,
curved and downy; leaves grow by fours, thin and fringed with hairs.
DESCRIPTION.
Stem flexible, upright, and downy at the upper part; branches scattered,
thread shaped, numerous and hairy, the smaller branches are very numerous
and very short.
Leaves grow by fours, are thin, blunt, fringed with hair at the edges, and
furrowed beneath.
Flowers sit close upon the ends of the small branches, mostly solitary,
and spreading, appearing like a long bunch.
Empalement. Cup four leaves, leaflets spatula-shape and fringed, with
scarce any foot-stalks; three floral leaves pressed to the blossom.
Blossom club-shaped, curved, hairy and flesh-coloured; the segments of
the border pointed, and reflexed.
Chives. Eight hair-like threads. Tips beardless, and just without the
blossom.
Pointal. Seed-bud growing on a foot-stalk nearly globular, and deeply
furrowed. Shaft thread-shaped, curved at the end, and without the blossom.
Summit obscurely four-cornered.
Flowers from April till July.
REFERENCE.
1. A Leaf, magnified.
2. The Empalement.
3. The Empalement, magnified.
4. The Blossom.
5. The Chives, and Pointal, one tip magnified.
6. The Pointal.
7. The Pointal, magnified.
ERICA ventricosa.
Erica, antheris basi bicornibus inclusis; corollis oblongo-ovatis, ventricosis,

glabris; foliis quaternis ciliatis.
DESCRIPTIO.
Caulis fruticosus, semipedalis, teres, crassiusculus, ramosissimus, ramis

recurvato-adscendentibus.
Folia quaterna, linearia, acuta, basi recurvata, apice adscendentia,
ciliata, supra plana, subtus revoluta, nitida, petiolis brevissimis adpressis.
Flores terminales, plures, fastigiati, erecti; pedunculi purpurei, basi
instructa bracteis binis, parvis, oppositis.
Calyx. Perianthium tetraphyllum foliolis erectis, carinatis, ciliatis.
Corolla oblongo-ovata, apice arctata, limbo æquali, quadrilobo,
subreflexo, albo-purpurascens, glabra, nitida.
Stamina. Filamenta octo capillaria, corollæ subæqualia, receptaculo
inserta. Antheræ inclusæ, parvæ, bifidæ, basi bicornes.
Pistillum. Germen, oblongum, sulcatum. Stylus filiformis, filamentis
æqualis; stigma sub-tetragonum.
Floret a mensi Aprili ad Septembrem.
REFERENTIA.
1. Calyx, et Corolla.
2. Calyx, et Bractea lente aucta.
3. Stamina, et Pistillum.
4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta; anthera una lente aucta.
5. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Heath, with tips two-horned at their base, included within blossoms of an

oblong-ovate form, inflated and smooth; leaves ciliate, growing by fours.
DESCRIPTION.
The Stem shrubby, about half a foot high, cylindrical, thickish, very
much branched, the branches bend downward, then ascend.
Leaves growing by fours, linear, pointed with a recurved base, and an
ascending point, ciliate, flat on their upper, and rolled back on their under,
surface, shining, the leaf-stems very short, and pressed to the branches.
Flowers terminal, numerous, upright, level, and in bunches; the
footstalks purple, having two small opposite floral leaves at their base.
Empalement. Cup four-leaved, erect, keel-shaped, and ciliate.
Blossom of an oblong-ovate form, narrowed toward the top, with a
slightly reflexed border, of a whitish purple, smooth, and shining.
Chives. Eight hair-like threads, nearly of a length with the blossomed,
fixed into the receptacle. Tips within the blossom small, cleft, and two-
horned at their base.
Pointal. Seed-vessel oblong and furrowed. Shaft thread-shaped, of an
equal length with the threads. Summit nearly four-cornered.
In bloom from April till September.
REFERENCE.
1. The Empalement with the Blossom.

2. The Empalement and Floral-leaf magnified.
4. The Chives detached from the Pointal, one tip magnified.

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3) Excel's random sampling tool uses sampling with replacement.

5) One concern about cluster sampling is periodicity.

6) Cluster sampling is often used to test market new products.

10) Resampling is an example of a nonprobability sampling technique.

11) A convenience sample is an example of a nonprobability sample.

13) A population mean is an example of a statistic.

14) A sample median is an example of a statistic.

31) The sampling error for a census equals zero.

38) Periodicity is present in the population when

A. Yes, most definitely.

The results of this survey would be unreliable due to

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63) The Central Limit Theorem requires

66) As the size of the sample increases,

Erica, antheris aristatis, inclusis; floribus pluribus, dense spicatis,

Caulis fruticosus, pedalis, erectus, ramis pluribus, confertis,

Stem shrubby, growing a foot high, upright, with numerous, crowded,

Erica, antheris muticis, inclusis; stylo exserto; corollis sub-cylindricis,

Caulis fruticosus, pedalis, ramosus; ramuli numerosi, sub-erecti.

1. The Empalement and Blossom.

Erica antheris muticis, inclusis; floribus spicato-umbellatis, terminalibus;

Caulis fruticosus, erectus, ramosissimus; rami et ramuli patento-erecti,

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

Erica, antheris muticis, sub-exsertis, floribus sub-solitariis, sessilibus,

Caulis flexibilis, erectus, superne tomentosus; rami sparsi, filiformes,

Erica, antheris basi bicornibus inclusis; corollis oblongo-ovatis, ventricosis,

Caulis fruticosus, semipedalis, teres, crassiusculus, ramosissimus, ramis

Heath, with tips two-horned at their base, included within blossoms of an

1. The Empalement with the Blossom.

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