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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Write the ratio as a fraction in lowest terms.

1) 8 to 11
8 8 1 11
A) B) C) D)
11 3 11 8
Answer: A

2) 12 to 44
12 12 3 3
A) B) C) D)
44 11 44 11
Answer: D

3) 8 cents to 20 cents
8 5 2 2
A) B) C) D)
20 20 5 20
Answer: C

4) 104 miles to 136 miles

13 13 104
A) 8 B) C) D)
136 17 136
Answer: C

5) $91 to $133
133 13 91 7
A) B) C) D)
91 19 19 7
Answer: B

1
6) 5 to 7
3
5 16 16 5
A) B) C) D)
7 21 3 3
Answer: B

1
7) 7 to 5
2
11 14 7 77
A) B) C) D)
2 11 5 2
Answer: B

1 1
8) 8 to 8
6 4
49 98 33 6
A) B) C) D)
6 99 4 4
Answer: B

1
 9) 4.2 to 0.6
42 7 0.7
A) 7 B) C) D)
6 6 1
Answer: A

Write the ratio as a fraction in lowest terms. Be sure to make all necessary conversions.
10) 5 feet to 100 inches
100 1 3 1
A) B) C) D)
5 240 5 20
Answer: C

11) 3 yards to 24 feet

8 1 1 3
A) B) C) D)
3 24 8 8
Answer: D

12) 5 minutes to 2 hours

5 5 1
A) B) 150 C) D)
60 2 24
Answer: D

13) 8 pints to 3 cups

3 4 8 16
A) B) C) D)
4 3 3 3
Answer: D

14) 16 hours to 72 days

1 16 1 3
A) B) C) D)
108 3 128 16
Answer: A

15) 70 cents to $6
35 6 7 7
A) B) C) D)
3 700 3 60
Answer: D

1
16) 7 days to 4 weeks
3
1 22 11 22
A) B) C) D)
4 4 42 3
Answer: C

1 1
17) 9 days to 2 weeks
2 2
19 133 9 19
A) B) C) D)
35 5 2 5
Answer: A

2
Use the information in the table to solve the problem. Write your answer as a fraction in lowest terms.
18) The table below shows the amounts of pollutants (in parts per million) in a sample of rainwater.

Pollutant Amount
(ppm)
A 33
B 30
C 22
D 21
E 20

Find the ratio of pollutant A to pollutant B.

10 30 33 11
A) B) C) D)
11 33 30 10
Answer: D

19) The table below shows the amounts of pollutants (in parts per million) in a sample of rainwater.

Pollutant Amount
(ppm)
A 32
B 30
C 27
D 25
E 20

Find the ratio of pollutant D to pollutant B.

6 25 5 30
A) B) C) D)
5 30 6 25
Answer: C

20) The table below shows the amounts of pollutants (in parts per million) in a sample of rainwater.

Pollutant Amount
(ppm)
A 30
B 28
C 26
D 21
E 20

Find the ratio of pollutant E to pollutant C.

10 26 20 13
A) B) C) D)
13 20 26 10
Answer: A

3
21) The table below shows the amounts of pollutants (in parts per million) in a sample of rainwater.

Pollutant Amount
(ppm)
A 34
B 29
C 27
D 21
E 20

Find the ratio of pollutant C to pollutant D.

9 27 21 7
A) B) C) D)
7 21 27 9
Answer: A

22) The table below shows the amounts of pollutants (in parts per million) in a sample of rainwater.

Pollutant Amount
(ppm)
A 35
B 32
C 23
D 22
E 20

Find the ratio of pollutant C to pollutant A.

35 23 23 132
A) B) C) D)
23 132 35 23
Answer: C

23) The table below shows the amounts of pollutants (in parts per million) in a sample of rainwater.

Pollutant Amount
(ppm)
A 29
B 26
C 25
D 23
E 20

Find the ratio of pollutant B to pollutant C.

123 25 26 26
A) B) C) D)
26 26 123 25
Answer: D

4
24) The table below shows the amounts of pollutants (in parts per million) in a sample of rainwater.

Pollutant Amount
(ppm)
A 34
B 29
C 25
D 23
E 20

Find the ratio of pollutant D to pollutant E.

23 20 23 131
A) B) C) D)
131 23 20 23
Answer: C

25) The table below shows the amounts of pollutants (in parts per million) in a sample of rainwater.

Pollutant Amount
(ppm)
A 33
B 28
C 25
D 23
E 20

Find the ratio of pollutant E to pollutant A.

129 20 20 33
A) B) C) D)
20 129 33 20
Answer: C

5
Use the bar graph to solve the problem.
26) The bar graph below shows the numbers of various colors of cars owned by the employees of a certain business.
Write five ratios (expressed as fractions in lowest terms) that compare the least popular color to each of the
other colors.

1 2 3 4 5 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
A) , , , , B) , , , , C) , , , , D) , , , ,
2 3 4 6 8 1 3 2 3 4 2 3 4 6 8 2 3 4 6 8
Answer: C

27) The bar graph below shows the numbers of various colors of cars owned by the employees of a certain business.
2
Which two pairs of cars are in the ratio ?
3

A) Tan to Green and White to Red B) Tan to Green and Black to White
C) Tan to Black and Black to Red D) Yellow to Green and Tan to White
Answer: B

6
For the given figure, find the ratio of the length of the longest side to the length of the shortest side. Write the ratio as a
fraction in lowest terms.
28)

A = 17 inches
B = 8 inches
C = 16 inches
8 17 2 17
A) B) C) D)
17 16 1 8
Answer: D

29)

1
A=9 kilometers
2
5
B=8 kilometers
8
2
C = 15 kilometers
3
15 94 376 51
A) B) C) D)
8 51 207 94
Answer: C

30)

A = 0.8 yard
B = 5.6 yards
C = 0.8 yard
D = 5.6 yards
7 14 2 1
A) B) C) D)
1 1 7 7
Answer: A

7
31)

A = 0.10 yard
B = 0.08 yard
C = 0.10 yard
D = 0.08 yard
4 5 8 5
A) B) C) D)
5 4 5 2
Answer: B

32)

5
A = 10 meters D = 4 meters
6
7 1
B=6 meters E=2 meters
8 2
1
C=5 meters
8
8 3 13 52
A) B) C) D)
5 13 3 33
Answer: C

33)

1 1
A=9 inches C=9 inches
2 2
1 1
B=9 inches D=9 inches
2 2
1 2 4 361
A) B) C) D)
1 1 1 4
Answer: A

8
Solve the problem. Write ratios in lowest terms.
34) Bob is 6 years old, and Susan is 9 years old. Find the ratio of his age to hers.
1 6 3 2
A) B) C) D)
3 9 2 3
Answer: D

35) A certain lake is 700 feet deep. A nearby lake is 1300 feet deep. Write the ratio of the first lake's depth to the
second lake's depth.
700 70 7 350
A) B) C) D)
1300 13 13 650
Answer: C

2
36) Jim's house is built on a 3 -acre plot of land. Jane's house sits on a 2-acre piece of land. Find the ratio of the
3
size of Jim's land to the size of Jane's land.
11 3 11 11
A) B) C) D)
2 2 6 3
Answer: C

1
37) Peter's farm has a well that is 7 feet deep. Jill has a well in her backyard which is 12 feet deep. Find the ratio of
2
the depth of Peter's well to Jill's well.
5 7 5 15
A) B) C) D)
8 12 4 2
Answer: A

1 1
38) Joe drove 27 miles on Monday and 10 miles on Tuesday. Find the ratio of the distance Joe traveled on
3 2
Monday to the distance he traveled on Tuesday.
164 27 21 82
A) B) C) D)
63 10 2 21
Answer: A

39) Tuition at a certain college recently increased from $4000 to $9000. Find the ratio of the increase in price to the
original price.
5 5 4 4
A) B) C) D)
9 4 13 9
Answer: B

Write the following as a rate in lowest terms.

40) 261 miles in 29 minutes
9 miles 1 mile 261 miles 45 miles
A) B) C) D)
1 minute 9 minutes 29 minutes 5 minutes
Answer: A

9
41) 304 yards in 38 seconds
8 seconds 40 yards 304 yards 8 yards
A) B) C) D)
1 yard 5 seconds 38 seconds 1 second
Answer: D

42) 712 miles in 40 hours

89 miles 89 miles 712 miles 8 miles
A) B) C) D)
5 hours 40 hours 5 hours 40 hours
Answer: A

43) 9 cars for 54 people

6 cars 9 cars 1 car 9 cars
A) B) C) D)
1 person 54 people 6 people 6 people
Answer: C

44) 12 tests for 60 students

5 tests 5 tests 12 tests 1 test
A) B) C) D)
12 students 1 student 60 students 5 students
Answer: D

45) 20 printers for 56 computers

20 printers 5 printers 56 printers 4 printers
A) B) C) D)
4 computers 14 computers 20 computers 56 computers
Answer: B

46) 92 miles on 6 gallons

46 miles 2 miles 92 miles 46 miles
A) B) C) D)
3 gallons 3 gallons 3 gallons 6 gallons
Answer: A

47) 155 hours for 10 projects

31 hours 31 hours 155 hours 10 hours
A) B) C) D)
3 projects 2 projects 31 projects 31 projects
Answer: B

48) 204 employees for 20 companies

51 employees 20 employees 204 employees 51 employees
A) B) C) D)
5 companies 4 companies 5 companies 20 companies
Answer: A

49) 441 pounds per 18 packages

441 pounds 441 pounds 49 pounds 49 pounds
A) B) C) D)
49 packages 2 packages 3 packages 2 packages
Answer: D

10
Find the unit rate.
50) 602 miles in 7 hours
A) 4214 miles B) 86 miles/hour C) 609 miles/hour D) 86 miles
Answer: B

51) 308 miles on 7 gallons of gas

A) 0.023 miles/gallon B) 315 gallons C) 2156 miles D) 44 miles/gallon
Answer: D

52) 10 cents for 2 marbles

A) 20 cents/marble B) 0.2 cents/marble C) 5 cents/marble D) 12 marbles
Answer: C

53) $2250 earned in 5 weeks

A) $225.00/week B) $0.0022/week C) $375.00/week D) $450/week
Answer: D

54) 1416 cars in 590 households (reduce to a one household comparison)

A) 2006 cars/household B) 826 cars/household
C) 0.417 car/household D) 2.4 cars/household
Answer: D

55) 1005 people in 50 buses

A) 955 people/bus B) 0.05 person/bus C) 201 people/bus D) 20.1 people/bus
Answer: D

Jody wishes to keep track of the actual hourly rate of the part-time workers at her store. The part-time workers earn a
prenegotiated fee for each time they come in, regardless of the number of hours they work. For the given start and stop
times and the amount earned, find the amount of time worked in hours and minutes and the unit rate rounded to the
nearest hundredth.
56)
Time at start Time at end Time Amount Unit rate
of work of work worked earned ($/hour)
1:00 AM 2:30 PM $9.75
A) 1:30; $6.25/hour B) 1:30; $6.50/hour C) 0:45; $6.50/hour D) 1:45; $6.50/hour
Answer: B

Find the best buy (based on cost per unit).

57) Brand X: 10 oz for $1.50
Brand Y: 8 oz for $1.04
A) Not enough information B) Brand X
C) Equal value D) Brand Y
Answer: D

58) Brand A: 20 oz for $4.60

Brand B: 15 oz for $3.30
A) Brand A B) Not enough information
C) Brand B D) Equal value
Answer: C

11
 59) Brand A: 30 oz for $13.50
Brand B: 35 oz for $17.15
A) Equal value B) Brand B
C) Brand A D) Not enough information
Answer: C

60) Brand X: 12 oz for $1.92

Brand Y: 16 oz for $2.72
A) Brand X B) Brand Y
C) Not enough information D) Equal value
Answer: A

61) Brand X: 8 oz for $2.08

Brand Y: 20 oz for $4.00
Brand Z: 24 oz for $5.28
A) Not enough information B) Brand Y
C) Brand Z D) Brand X
Answer: B

62) Brand A: 12 cans for $4.26

Brand B: 20 cans for $6.26
Brand C: 26 cans for $7.46
Brand D: 34 cans for $10.10
A) Brand A B) Brand B C) Brand D D) Brand C
Answer: D

63) You have a coupon for 63 cents off Brand A cereal and a coupon for 39 cents off Brand B. A box of Brand A
cereal costs $2.84 for 10.5 ounces. A box of Brand B cereal costs $4.88 for 19.5 ounces. If you use a coupon, which
cereal is the better buy?
A) Not enough information B) Brand A
C) Brand B D) Equal value
Answer: B

64) There are 3 available long distance calling cards.

ABC Phone charges $.01 per minute and a $0.50 connection charge.
Bozo's Telecom charges $.025 per minute and a $0.15 connection charge.
BT&T charges $.06 per minute and no connection charge.
Which company has the best buy for a 15 minute phone call?
A) BT&T B) Bozo's Telecom
C) ABC Phone D) Not enough information
Answer: B

Solve the problem.

65) If Alison's company charged $118.08 for 4 hours of work, how much did they charge per hour?
A) $39.36/hour B) $29.52/hour C) $4.00/hour D) $33.52/hour
Answer: B

66) David's net pay for a week at the video store was $66.40. If he worked 16 hours that week, what was his net pay
rate?
A) $4.15/hour B) $4.43/hour C) $4.24/hour D) $3.99/hour
Answer: A

12
 67) If a construction crew building a skyscraper can build 76 floors in 171 days, what is the pace per day?
9 8 9 4
A) floor(s)/day B) floor(s)/day C) floors/day D) floor/day
8 9 4 9
Answer: D

68) If a costume designer takes 49 hours to make 28 costumes, at what rate per hour are costumes being made?
4 8 7
A) 1 costume(s)/hour B) costume/hour C) costume(s)/hour D) costumes/hour
7 7 4
Answer: B

3
69) Mara can type 2250 words in hour (45 minutes). How many words per minute can she type?
4
A) 1688 words/minute B) 38 words/minute
C) 50 words/minute D) 67 words/minute
Answer: C

2
70) Sven can type 1280 words in hour (40 minutes). How many words per minute can he type?
3
A) 21 words/minute B) 853 words/minute C) 48 words/minute D) 32 words/minute
Answer: D

71) A machine can fill 1148 boxes of cereal in 0.2 hour. How many boxes of cereal can it fill per hour?
A) 3827 boxes/hour B) 1148 boxes/hour C) 230 boxes/hour D) 5740 boxes/hour
Answer: D

72) A machine can fill 2388 cartons of milk in 0.4 hour. How many cartons of milk can it fill per hour?
A) 2388 cartons/hour B) 4776 cartons/hour C) 5970 cartons/hour D) 955 cartons/hour
Answer: C

Write the proportion.

73) $15 is to 40 bottles as $27 is to 72 bottles.
$40 $27 $15 $27
A) = B) =
15 bottles 72 bottles 72 bottles 40 bottles
$15 $27 $15 $40
C) = D) =
40 bottles 72 bottles 27 bottles 72 bottles
Answer: C

74) 25 children is to 30 bicycles as 5 children is to 6 bicycles.

5 children 6 children 25 children 30 children
A) = B) =
30 bicycles 25 bicycles 30 bicycles 5 bicycles
25 children 30 children 25 children 5 children
C) = D) =
5 bicycles 6 bicycles 30 bicycles 6 bicycles
Answer: D

75) 11 inches is to 13 inches as 88 inches is to 104 inches.

88 104 11 104 11 88 11 13
A) = B) = C) = D) =
13 11 13 88 13 104 88 104
Answer: C

13
 76) $52 is to $39 as $72 is to $54.
52 54 52 39 52 39 52 72
A) = B) = C) = D) =
39 72 72 54 54 72 39 54
Answer: D

77) 18 meters is to 3 meters as 24 meters is to 4 meters.

18 24 18 3 18 4 18 24
A) = B) = C) = D) =
3 4 24 4 3 24 4 3
Answer: A

78) 5 acres is to 3.94 acres as 7.5 acres is to 5.91 acres.

5 7.5 5 5 5 7.5 5 3.94
A) = B) = C) = D) =
5.91 3.94 3.94 3.94 3.94 5.91 7.5 5.91
Answer: C

3
79) 18 cups is to 9 cups as 72 cups is to 39 cups.
4
3
9
72 72 18 72 18 4 18 72
A) = B) = C) = D) =
39 39 39 3 72 39 3 39
9 9
4 4

Answer: D

Write the ratio in lowest terms in order to decide whether the proportion is true or false.
6 3
80) =
100 50
A) True B) False
Answer: A

25 3
81) =
30 5
A) True B) False
Answer: B

3 9
82) =
8 21
A) True B) False
Answer: B

24 4
83) =
18 3
A) True B) False
Answer: A

3 27
84) =
100 90
A) True B) False
Answer: B

14
 35 3
85) =
21 4
A) True B) False
Answer: B

28 42
86) =
6 9
A) True B) False
Answer: A

25 37.5
87) =
14 21
A) True B) False
Answer: A

5
1
8 3
88) =
1 5
7
4
A) True B) False
Answer: B

12.56 3.14
89) =
3.14 .785
A) True B) False
Answer: A

Find the cross product and determine whether the proportion is true or false.
3 6
90) =
12 24
A) 18 ≠ 288; false B) 72 = 72; true C) 144 = 144; true D) 36 ≠ 144; false
Answer: B

2 4
91) =
8 16
A) 8 ≠ 128; false B) 64 = 64; true C) 32 = 32; true D) 16 ≠ 64; false
Answer: C

130 180
92) =
15 24
A) 3120 = 3120; true B) 8190 ≠ 360; false C) 2700 = 2700; true D) 3120 ≠ 2700; false
Answer: D

0.22 2
93) =
0.33 2.4
A) 0.44 ≠ 0.792; false B) 0.528 ≠ 0.66; false C) 0.66 = 0.66; true D) 0.528 = 0.528; true
Answer: B

15
 5 40
94) =
3 14
1
4
35
A) 30 = 30; true B) 70 = 70; true C) ≠ 560; false D) 200 ≠ 49; false
4
Answer: B

31.5 47.25
95) =
1 1
3 5
2 4
A) 164.25 = 110.25; true B) 165.375 ≠ 165.375; false
C) 110.25 ≠ 248.0625; false D) 165.375 = 165.375; true
Answer: D

Find the unknown number in the proportion. Round answer to the nearest hundredth when necessary.
x 5
96) =
38 19
A) 20 B) 2.5 C) 144.4 D) 10
Answer: D

4 12
97) =
x 9
A) 5.3 B) 3 C) 0.19 D) 30
Answer: B

1 x
98) =
2 13
A) 26 B) 0.04 C) 6.5 D) 13
Answer: C

5 37
99) =
x 57
A) 7.70 B) 3.25 C) 421.80 D) 0.13
Answer: A

56 109
100) =
39 x
A) 20.04 B) 0.01 C) 75.91 D) 156.51
Answer: C

2.2 x
101) =
5 9
A) 2.2 B) 78.41 C) 0.05 D) 3.96
Answer: D

16
 4 9.3
102) =
13 x
A) 1.43 B) 30.23 C) 5.6 D) 30.225
Answer: D

x 3.9
103) =
9 2
A) 6.45 B) 11.7 C) 21.9 D) 17.55
Answer: D

2.1 10.5
104) =
x 15.9
A) 10.7 B) 3.18 C) 0.792 D) 0.277
Answer: B

26.56 x
105) =
4.4 5.5
A) 0.37 B) 7.29 C) 33.2 D) 5.5
Answer: C

Find the unknown number in the proportion. Write your answer as a whole number or a mixed number if possible.
56 7
106) =
x 1
8
A) 7 B) 64 C) 1 D) 49
Answer: C

9 32
107) =
1 x
8
8 8 4 1
A) B) C) D)
41 9 9 2
Answer: C

1 1
24 3
108) =
1 x
3
2 3 1
A) 2 B) C) D) 24
3 8 8
Answer: A

17
 1 x
109) =
2
6 1
8
1 1 16
A) 12 B) 3 C) D) 4
8 16 49
Answer: B

2
3 x
110) =
2 4
7 5
8 16 13 1
A) B) C) 1 D) 3
15 105 15 2
Answer: C

3 5
2 4
111) =
x 5
7
2 5 6 1
A) 1 B) C) D) 1
5 7 7 6
Answer: C

5 4
x 7
112) =
3 1 2 1
3 3
351 49 47 139
A) B) C) 7 D) 1
490 390 49 351
Answer: C

11 3
113) 5 = x
6 1 9 1
7 3
82 403 645 87
A) 4 B) 17 C) D)
87 645 11368 430
Answer: B

1 x
114) =
1 15
7
2
15 1
A) 2 B) 3 C) D) 2
7 2
Answer: A

18
Solve the proportion two different ways. First in decimal form, then in fraction form. Write your answer in lowest terms.
9
70 0.09
115) =
1.8 x
9 13
A) 0.18 or B) 1.26 or 1
50 50
729 3
C) 0.02082857 or D) 12.6 or 12
35000 5
Answer: B

x 0.07
116) =
7 1
3
20 2
7 2 4 7
A) 0.007 or B) 1.4 or 1 C) 2.8 or 2 D) 0.014 or
1000 5 5 500
Answer: A

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

This proportion is not true. Change any one of the numbers in the proportion to make it true.
12 44
117) =
5 20
12 48 11 44 12 44 12 44
Answer: = , or = , or = , or =
5 20 5 20 5 1 5 20
18 5
3 11

5 20
118) =
7 26
4 5
18 5
5 20 5 7 13 20 5 20
Answer: = , or = , or = , or =
7 28 7 26 7 26 1 26
6
2

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use a proportion to solve the problem.

119) On a map of the Thunderbird Country Club golf course, 2.5 inches represent 30 yards. How long is the 17th hole
if the map shows 13.5 inches?
A) 5.6 yards B) 162 yards C) 1012.5 yards D) 405 yards
Answer: B

120) On a map of the Fox River, 1 centimeter represents 6.5 kilometers. If a trail by the river is actually
28.6 kilometers long, what is the length of the river on the map?
A) 4.4 centimeters B) 17.1 centimeters C) 22.1 centimeters D) 6.4 centimeters
Answer: A

19
121) Joan can mow a 10-acre field in 3 hours. How long would it take her to mow a 5-acre field?
A) 0.5 hour B) 3.5 hours C) 4.5 hours D) 1.5 hour(s)
Answer: D

122) The 16th hole at the Riverwoods Golf Course is 150 yards long. How long would it be on a model with a scale of
1.5 inches to 50 yards?
A) 2.25 inches B) 75 inches C) 4.5 inches D) 22.5 inches
Answer: C

123) If a computer prints 171 lines in 2 seconds, how many lines can it print per minute?
A) 2565 lines B) 5135 lines C) 5130 lines D) 5140 lines
Answer: C

124) A label printer prints 4 pages of labels in 2.5 seconds. How long will it take to print 32 pages of labels?
A) 24.00 seconds B) 22.00 seconds C) 20.00 seconds D) 23.00 seconds
Answer: C

125) On a map, the length of a nature-center trail is 5.4 centimeters. If the scale is 2 centimeters to 42 kilometers,
what is the actual length of the trail?
A) 114.4 kilometers B) 117.4 kilometers C) 226.8 kilometers D) 113.4 kilometers
Answer: D

126) If 8 sandwich rolls cost $1.76, how much will 26 rolls cost?
A) $5.72 B) $6.72 C) $16.08 D) $14.08
Answer: A

127) Jim drove 400 miles in 8 hours. If he can keep the same pace, how long will it take him to drive 1400 miles?
A) 56 hours B) 3200 hours C) 28 hours D) 38 hours
Answer: C

128) If a spring stretches 8 meters when a 2-kilogram weight is attached to it, how much will it stretch when a
4-kilogram weight is attached to it?
A) 18 meters B) 16 meters C) 19 meters D) 15 meters
Answer: B

20
Solve the problem.
129) Use the floor plan shown to complete the exercise. On the plan, one inch (abbreviated in.) represents four feet.
What is the length and width of the master bedroom?

A = 3.7 in. D = 2.3 in.

B = 1.3 in. E = 4.1 in.
C = 3.3 in.
A) 1.0 feet, 0.9 foot B) 44.4 inches, 49.2 inches
C) 16.4 feet, 14.8 feet D) 49.2 inches, 44.4 inches
Answer: C

130) Use the floor plan shown to complete the exercise. On the plan, one inch (abbreviated in.) represents four feet.
What is the length and width of bedroom 1?

A = 3.8 in. D = 2.5 in.

B = 1.2 in. E = 5.1 in.
C = 3.1 in.
A) 12.4 feet, 10 feet B) 45.6 inches, 37.2 inches
C) 15.2 feet, 10 feet D) 37.2 inches, 30 inches
Answer: A

131) A box of instant brownies has the list of ingredients shown in the table. Use this information to find the amount
of the stated ingredient you would need to make the indicated number of servings.

Ingredient For 12 Servings

Water 3 tablespoons
1
Oil cup
4
1
Nuts cup
2
1
Brownie Mix 2 cups
2

Amount of water for 15 servings

1 3 1 2
A) 1 ounces B) 3 tablespoons C) 1 cups D) 2 tablespoons
4 4 4 5
Answer: B

21
132) A box of instant brownies has the list of ingredients shown in the table. Use this information to find the amount
of the stated ingredient you would need to make the indicated number of servings.

Ingredient For 12 Servings

Water 3 tablespoons
1
Oil cup
4
1
Nuts cup
2
1
Brownie Mix 2 cups
2

Amount of oil for 14 servings

7 7 1 3
A) cup B) cup C) 1 tablespoon(s) D) cup
12 24 6 14
Answer: B

133) A box of instant brownies has the list of ingredients shown in the table. Use this information to find the amount
of the stated ingredient you would need to make the indicated number of servings.

Ingredient For 12 Servings

Water 3 tablespoons
1
Oil cup
4
1
Nuts cup
2
1
Brownie Mix 2 cups
2

Amount of nuts for 16 servings

3 1 2 1
A) cup B) 1 tablespoon(s) C) cup D) cup
8 3 3 3
Answer: C

22
 134) A box of instant brownies has the list of ingredients shown in the table. Use this information to find the amount
of the stated ingredient you would need to make the indicated number of servings.

Ingredient For 12 Servings

Water 3 tablespoons
1
Oil cup
4
1
Nuts cup
2
1
Brownie Mix 2 cups
2

Amount of brownie mix for 16 servings

2 1 7
A) 96 tablespoons B) 1 cups C) 3 cups D) 1 cups
3 3 8
Answer: C

Use a proportion to solve the problem.

135) The ratio of the distances a 7-iron and a 5-iron will drive a golf ball is 5 to 6. If a golfer averages 160 yards with
a 7-iron, how far should he average with a 5-iron?
A) 149 yards B) 192 yards C) 133 yards D) 171 yards
Answer: B

136) The ratio of the distances a driver and a 2-iron will drive a golf ball is 5 to 4. If a golfer averages 201 yards with
a 2-iron, how far should she average with a driver?
A) 210 yards B) 251.25 yards C) 192 yards D) 161 yards
Answer: B

137) The ratio of the distances a pitching wedge and an 8-iron will drive a golf ball is 4 to 5. If a golfer averages 72
yards with a pitching wedge, how far should she average with an 8-iron?
A) 81 yards B) 63 yards C) 90 yards D) 58 yards
Answer: C

138) The ratio of the height to the width of a packaging label is 5 to 19. If the height of the label is 2 inches, what is its
width?
A) 7.6 inches B) 21 inches C) 7 inches D) 0.5 inch(es)
Answer: A

139) The ratio of the width to the length of a picture frame is 8 to 13. If the width of the frame is 9 inches, what is its
length?
A) 22 inches B) 5.5 inches C) 17 inches D) 14.625 inches
Answer: D

140) The ratio of the lengths of strings that play the notes D and B is 27 to 16. If a string 64 centimeters long plays a B,
what is the length of the string that plays a D?
A) 80 centimeters B) 108 centimeters C) 124 centimeters D) 91 centimeters
Answer: B

23
 141) The ratio of the lengths of strings that play the notes D and A is 3 to 2. If a string 42 centimeters long plays a D,
what is the length of the string that plays an A?
A) 63 centimeters B) 44 centimeters C) 45 centimeters D) 28 centimeters
Answer: D

142) On Anne's bicycle, the ratio of pedal turns to rear-wheel turns in second gear is 4 to 7. If her rear wheel turns
525 times per mile, how many times does she turn the pedal in one mile?
A) 300 times B) 529 times C) 918.8 times D) 532 times
Answer: A

143) On Hector's bicycle, the ratio of pedal turns to rear-wheel turns in second gear is 4 to 7. If his rear wheel turns
833 times per mile, how many times does he turn the pedal in one mile?
A) 1457.8 times B) 476 times C) 840 times D) 837 times
Answer: B

144) A poll of 2000 people indicated that 3 out of 5 people were planning on voting in the next election. Of the
people who intend to vote 11 out of 20 will vote for the Republican candidate. How many people in the poll will
vote for the Republican candidate?
A) 540 people B) 1200 people C) 1100 people D) 660 people
Answer: D

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Provide an appropriate response.

14 10
145) Is this proportion true or false: = ? Which method did you use to determine the answer?
22 20
Answer: Answers will vary. The proportion is false.

146) Ben drove his car 576 kilometers in 7 hours while he was on vacation in Italy. He was trying to estimate how far
576 6
he could drive in 6 hours the next day so he set up the following proportion: = . Explain why this
7 x
proportion will not give him the correct answer.
576 x
Answer: The proportion is wrong. It should be = .
7 6

147) Can you set up a proportion to solve this problem? Alice is 13 years old. Her hair is 16 inches long. How long
will her hair be when she is 23 years old?
Answer: You cannot solve this problem using a proportion because the ratio of age to hair length is not constant.
She could cut or trim her hair.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Identify the figure as a line, line segment, or ray and name it using the appropriate symbol.
148)

A) Line segment named AB or BA B) Line named AB or BA

C) Ray named AB or BA D) Line named AB or BA
Answer: D

24
 149)

A) Line named AB B) Ray named AB or BA

C) Ray named AB D) Line named AB or BA
Answer: C

150)

A) Line segment named AB or BA B) Line segment named AB or BA

C) Line named AB or BA D) Line named AB or BA
Answer: A

151)

A) Ray named AB or BA B) Ray named BA

C) Line named AB D) Ray named AB
Answer: B

Identify the pair of lines as parallel, perpendicular, or intersecting.

152)

A) Parallel B) Perpendicular C) Intersecting

Answer: C

153)

A) Parallel B) Intersecting C) Perpendicular

Answer: B

25
 154)

A) Parallel B) Perpendicular C) Intersecting

Answer: B

155)

A) Perpendicular B) Intersecting C) Parallel

Answer: A

156)

A) Parallel B) Intersecting C) Perpendicular

Answer: A

157)

A) Parallel B) Intersecting C) Perpendicular

Answer: A

Name the highlighted angle using the three-letter form of identification.

158)
G D

C L

A) ∠COL or ∠LOC B) ∠COG or ∠GOC C) ∠O D) ∠LOD or ∠DOL

Answer: A

26
 159)

B G

L E

A) ∠BRG or ∠GRB B) ∠GRE or ∠ERG C) ∠LRE or ∠ERL D) ∠R

Answer: B

160)

I
D

A
L

A) ∠IND or ∠DNI B) ∠ANI or ∠INA C) ∠N D) ∠ANL or ∠LNA

Answer: B

161)

K G
E

A) ∠ATE or ∠ETA B) ∠KTE or ∠ETK C) ∠T D) ∠GTE or ∠ETG

Answer: B

162)

F B
L

A) ∠BML or ∠LMB B) ∠BMI or ∠IMB C) ∠LMF or ∠FML D) ∠M

Answer: A

Classify the angle as acute, obtuse, straight, or right.

163)

A) Obtuse B) Straight C) Acute D) Right

Answer: A

27
164)

A) Obtuse B) Right C) Acute D) Straight

Answer: A

165)

A) Acute B) Right C) Straight D) Obtuse

Answer: A

166)

A) Obtuse B) Right C) Acute D) Straight

Answer: C

167)

A) Right B) Obtuse C) Straight D) Acute

Answer: C

168)

A) Straight B) Right C) Obtuse D) Acute

Answer: B

169)

A) Straight B) Acute C) Right D) Obtuse

Answer: C

28
Identify the pairs of complementary or supplementary angles, as indicated.
170) Complementary

A) ∠FBE & ∠EBD; ∠ABF & ∠CBD B) ∠CBD & ∠DBE; ∠ABF & ∠FBE
C) ∠CBE & ∠EBA D) ∠ABF & ∠FBE
Answer: B

171) Complementary

A) ∠FBE & ∠EBD; ∠ABF & ∠CBD B) ∠ABF & ∠FBE

C) ∠CBE & ∠EBA D) ∠CBD & ∠DBE; ∠ABF & ∠FBE
Answer: D

172) Complementary

A) ∠BCE & ∠ECA B) ∠BCD & ∠DCE; ∠ACF & ∠FCE

C) ∠FCB & ∠FCA; ∠BCD & ∠DCA D) ∠ECF & ∠DCE
Answer: B

29
 173) Supplementary

A) ∠AOC & ∠AOD; ∠AOD & ∠DOB

B) ∠AOD & ∠COB; ∠AOC & ∠DOB
C) ∠AOC & ∠AOD; ∠AOD & ∠DOB; ∠DOB & ∠COB; ∠COB & ∠AOC
D) ∠COB & ∠BOD; ∠BOD & ∠AOD
Answer: C

174) Supplementary

A) ∠AOC & ∠AOD; ∠AOD & ∠DOB

B) ∠AOD & ∠COB; ∠AOC & ∠DOB
C) ∠AOC & ∠AOD; ∠AOD & ∠DOB; ∠DOB & ∠COB; ∠COB & ∠AOC
D) ∠COB & ∠BOD; ∠BOD & ∠AOD
Answer: C

175) Supplementary

A) ∠BAP & ∠BAN; ∠PAT & ∠TAN

B) ∠BAN & ∠PAT; ∠BAP & ∠TAN
C) ∠BAP & ∠PAT; ∠BAN & ∠TAN
D) ∠BAP & ∠PAT; ∠PAT & ∠TAN; ∠TAN & ∠BAN; ∠BAN & ∠BAP
Answer: D

Find the requested angle.

176) The supplement of 26°.
A) 154° B) 244° C) 64° D) 334°
Answer: A

177) The supplement of 144°.

A) 81° B) 36° C) 126° D) 216°
Answer: B

30
 178) The complement of 32°.
A) 328° B) 58° C) 238° D) 148°
Answer: B

Identify the angles that are congruent.

179)

N L

A) ∠KON ≅ ∠KOL; ∠MON ≅ ∠LOM B) ∠KOL ≅ ∠LOM; ∠KON ≅ ∠MON

C) ∠KOM ≅ ∠MOK; ∠LON ≅ ∠NOL D) ∠KOL ≅ ∠MON; ∠KON ≅ ∠LOM
Answer: D

180)
P Q

S R

A) ∠POS ≅ ∠QOR; ∠POQ ≅ ∠ROS B) ∠POS ≅ ∠ROS; ∠POQ ≅ ∠QOR

C) ∠POQ ≅ ∠POS; ∠QOR ≅ ∠ROS D) ∠POR ≅ ∠ROP; ∠QOS ≅ ∠SOQ
Answer: A

Find the measure of each of the angles.

181) In the figure below, ∠AOB measures 32° and ∠COD measures 105°.

A) ∠BOC measures 47°; ∠DOE measures 32°; ∠AOF measures 105°; ∠FOE measures 47°
B) ∠BOC measures 32°; ∠DOE measures 43°; ∠AOF measures 105°; ∠FOE measures 32°
C) ∠BOC measures 43°; ∠DOE measures 105°; ∠AOF measures 32°; ∠FOE measures 43°
D) ∠BOC measures 43°; ∠DOE measures 32°; ∠AOF measures 105°; ∠FOE measures 43°
Answer: D

31
 182) In the figure below, ∠DOE measures 24° and ∠COD measures 103°.

A) ∠BOC measures 53°; ∠AOB measures 103°; ∠AOF measures 24°; ∠FOE measures 53°
B) ∠BOC measures 24°; ∠AOB measures 53°; ∠AOF measures 103°; ∠FOE measures 24°
C) ∠BOC measures -37°; ∠AOB measures 24°; ∠AOF measures 103°; ∠FOE measures -37°
D) ∠BOC measures 53°; ∠AOB measures 24°; ∠AOF measures 103°; ∠FOE measures 53°
Answer: D

Given that line l is parallel to line m, identify the specified angles.

183) All pairs of corresponding angles.

A) ∠1 and ∠5; ∠2 and ∠6; ∠4 and ∠8; ∠3 and ∠7 B) ∠1 and ∠7; ∠2 and ∠8; ∠4 and ∠6; ∠3 and ∠5
C) ∠3, ∠4 , ∠5, and ∠6 D) ∠1 and ∠8; ∠2 and ∠7; ∠4 and ∠5; ∠3 and ∠6
Answer: A

184) All pairs of alternate interior angles.

A) ∠1 and ∠5; ∠2 and ∠6; ∠4 and ∠8; ∠3 and ∠7 B) ∠4 and ∠6; ∠3 and ∠5
C) ∠1 and ∠7; ∠2 and ∠8 D) ∠4 and ∠5; ∠3 and ∠6
Answer: B

32
 185) All pairs of corresponding angles.

A) ∠3, ∠2 , ∠7, and ∠6 B) ∠4 and ∠2; ∠5 and ∠7; ∠3 and ∠1; ∠6 and ∠8
C) ∠4 and ∠8; ∠5 and ∠1; ∠3 and ∠7; ∠6 and ∠2 D) ∠4 and ∠1; ∠3 and ∠2; ∠5 and ∠8; ∠6 and ∠7
Answer: B

186) All pairs of alternate interior angles.

A) ∠2 and ∠3; ∠6 and ∠7 B) ∠1 and ∠3; ∠8 and ∠6; ∠2 and ∠4; ∠7 and ∠5
C) ∠1 and ∠5; ∠4 and ∠8 D) ∠2 and ∠6; ∠3 and ∠7
Answer: D

Use the properties of parallel lines to solve the problem.

187) Line p is parallel to line q. If ∠8 measures 48°, find the measure of each angle.

A) ∠2, ∠4, ∠6 all measure 48°; ∠1, ∠3, ∠5, ∠7 all measure 42°
B) ∠5, ∠6, ∠7 all measure 48°; ∠1, ∠2, ∠3, ∠4 all measure 132°
C) ∠2, ∠4, ∠6 all measure 48°; ∠1, ∠3, ∠5, ∠7 all measure 132°
D) ∠2, ∠4, ∠6 all measure 48°; ∠1, ∠3, ∠5, ∠7 all measure 142°
Answer: C

33
188) Line m is parallel to line n. If m∠6 = 126°, find the measure of each angle.

A) ∠2, ∠4, ∠8 all measure 126°; ∠1, ∠3, ∠5, ∠7 all measure 64°
B) ∠5, ∠7, ∠8 all measure 126°; ∠1, ∠2, ∠3, ∠4 all measure 54°
C) ∠2, ∠4, ∠8 all measure 126°; ∠1, ∠3, ∠5, ∠7 all measure 54°
D) ∠2, ∠4, ∠8 all measure 126°; ∠1, ∠3, ∠5, ∠7 all measure 36°
Answer: C

189) BA is parallel to CD . Find the measure of each numbered angle.

103°

2
3

A) ∠1 ≅ ∠3, both are 77°; ∠2 ≅ ∠ABE, both are 103°. B) ∠2 ≅ ∠3, both are 77°; ∠1 ≅ ∠ABE, both are 103°.
C) ∠1 ≅ ∠2, both are 103°; ∠3 ≅ ∠ABE, both are 77°. D) ∠1 ≅ ∠2, both are 77°; ∠3 ≅ ∠ABE, both are 103°.
Answer: D

190) BA is parallel to CD . Find the measure of each numbered angle.

62°

2
3

A) ∠1 ≅ ∠3, both are 62°; ∠2 ≅ ∠ABC, both are 118°. B) ∠1 ≅ ∠3, both are 118°; ∠2 ≅ ∠ABC, both are 62°.
C) ∠2 ≅ ∠3, both are 118°; ∠1 ≅ ∠ABC, both are 62°. D) ∠1 ≅ ∠2, both are 118°; ∠3 ≅ ∠ABC, both are 62°.
Answer: B

34
The pair of triangles is congruent. List the corresponding angles and the corresponding sides.
191)

A) ∠1 and ∠5; ∠2 and ∠4; ∠3 and ∠6; AB and XY; AC and XZ; BC and YZ
B) ∠1 and ∠4; ∠2 and ∠5; ∠3 and ∠6; AB and XY; AC and XZ; BC and YZ
C) ∠1 and ∠2; ∠2 and ∠3; ∠3 and ∠4; AB and AC; XY and XZ; BC and YZ
D) ∠1 and ∠4; ∠2 and ∠5; ∠3 and ∠6; AB and XZ; AC and YZ; BC and YZ
Answer: B

192)

A) ∠1 and ∠6; ∠2 and ∠5; ∠3 and ∠4; PQ and ST; PR and SU; QR and TU
B) ∠1 and ∠6; ∠2 and ∠4; ∠3 and ∠5; PQ and ST; PR and TU; QR and SU
C) ∠1 and ∠2; ∠3 and ∠4; ∠5 and ∠6; PQ and ST; PR and TU; QR and SU
D) ∠1 and ∠6; ∠2 and ∠4; ∠3 and ∠5; PQ and SU; PR and ST; QR and TU
Answer: B

193)

A) ∠1 and ∠5; ∠2 and ∠6; ∠3 and ∠4; PR and JN; QP and NK; QR and JK
B) ∠1 and ∠5; ∠2 and ∠6; ∠3 and ∠4; PR and JK; QP and NK; QR and JN
C) ∠1 and ∠6; ∠2 and ∠5; ∠3 and ∠4; PR and JN; QP and NK; QR and JK
D) ∠1 and ∠6; ∠2 and ∠5; ∠3 and ∠4; PR and JK; QP and NK; QR and JN
Answer: D

35
Name the method that can be used to prove the triangles are congruent.
194)

9 cm 11 cm

8 cm
9 cm 11 cm

8 cm
A) The triangles are not congruent. B) SSS
C) ASA D) SAS
Answer: B

195)
4.7 m

6m 7.4 m 7.4 m 6m

4.7 m
A) The triangles are not congruent. B) SAS
C) SSS D) ASA
Answer: C

196)
9m

12 m
12 m

9m
A) The triangles are not congruent. B) SSS
C) ASA D) SAS
Answer: D

197)

18 m 18m
109° 109°
15 m 15 m
A) ASA B) The triangles are not congruent.
C) SSS D) SAS
Answer: D

36
 198)
9 ft 9 ft
57° 57°

A) SAS B) ASA
C) The triangles are not congruent. D) SSS
Answer: B

199)

64°
6 cm
60°
64°
6 cm
60°

A) The triangles are not congruent. B) ASA

C) SSS D) SAS
Answer: B

The two triangles below are similar. Find the missing lengths.
200)

26 5 13

24 12
A) x = 7 B) x = 10 C) x = 15 D) x = 5
Answer: B

201)

6 9
2 3
4

A) x = 16 B) x = 4 C) x = 12 D) x = 11
Answer: C

37
 202)

12 18

8 12

16
A) x = 16 B) x = 30 C) x = 24 D) x = 23
Answer: C

203)

10

A) x = 5; y = 11 B) x = 18; y = 25.2 C) x = 12.5; y = 17.5 D) x = 15; y = 20

Answer: C

204)

7.2

4.8
A) x = 5.6; y = 3.6 B) x = 1.40; y = 3.6 C) x = 6.4; y = 3.9 D) x = 5.6; y = 3.9
Answer: A

Find the perimeter of the specified triangle. Assume the triangles are similar.
205) Find the perimeter of the triangle on the left.

20.5 cm

15 cm

A) 24.4 cm B) 43.2 cm C) 36.4 cm D) 39.4 cm

Answer: C

38
206) Find the perimeter of the triangle on the right.

32.8 cm

24 cm

A) 72.8 cm B) 56.8 cm C) 64.8 cm D) 60.8 cm

Answer: A

207) Find the perimeter of the triangle on the left.

57 ft

38 ft
A) 105 ft B) 78 ft C) 156.3 ft D) 48 ft
Answer: B

208) Find the perimeter of the triangle on the right.

75 ft

50 ft
A) 153 ft B) 125 ft C) 136.2 ft D) 195 ft
Answer: D

209) Find the perimeter of the triangle on the left.

36 m

90 m
A) 95 m B) 230 m C) 140 m D) 50 m
Answer: A

210) Find the perimeter of the triangle on the right.

27 m

67.5 m
A) 115.8 m B) 147.5 m C) 142.5 m D) 126.5 m
Answer: C

39
Solve the problem.
211) A tree casts a shadow 19 m long. At the same time, the shadow cast by a 42-cm tall statue is 68 cm long. Find
the height of the tree. Round results to the nearest unit.
A) 31 m B) 12 m C) 30 m D) 11 m
Answer: B

212) A triangle drawn on a map has sides of lengths 8.0 cm, 12 cm, and 15 cm. The shortest of the corresponding
real-life distances is 124 km. Find the longest of the real-life distances. Round to the nearest unit.
A) 66 km B) 233 km C) 155 km D) 186 km
Answer: B

213) Mieko, who is 1.79 m tall, wishes to find the height of a tree. She walks 23.56 m from the base of the tree along
the shadow of the tree until her head is in a position where the tip of her shadow exactly overlaps the end of the
tree top's shadow. She is now 8.48 m from the end of the shadows. How tall is the tree? Round to the nearest
hundredth.

A) 6.76 m B) 2.80 m C) 0.64 m D) 4.97 m

Answer: A

214) Syed, who is 1.53 m tall, wishes to find the height of a tree with a shadow 34.97 m long. He walks 22.03 m from
the base of the tree along the shadow of the tree until his head is in a position where the tip of his shadow
exactly overlaps the end of the tree top's shadow. How tall is the tree? Round to the nearest hundredth.

A) 2.49 m B) 1.53 m C) 4.13 m D) 2.43 m

Answer: C

40
215) In order to measure the distance across a pond (from A to B), Louis made some measurements, which are given
below the drawing. What is the distance (to the nearest unit)?

∠ABE = 40°, BE = 152 yd, ED = 46 yd, DC = 43 yd, CE = 48 yd, ∠DCE = 40°

A) 136 yd B) 170 yd C) 163 yd D) 142 yd
Answer: A

216) To find the height of this tree, Sarah marked the tree at eye level, 1.8 meters above the ground. She measured 36
m from the base of the tree and then held a 5-cm ruler vertically in front of her eye until the ruler just obscured
the tree above the mark. Using a string tied through a hole in one end of the ruler, Sarah found that the distance
from her eye to the ruler was 4.8 centimeters. What was the height of the tree? Round to the nearest unit.

A) 37 m B) 41 m C) 35 m D) 39 m
Answer: D

217) A church steeple casts a shadow 117 ft long, and at the same time a 9.0-ft post casts a shadow 5.0 ft long. How
high is the steeple? Round to the nearest unit.
A) 9 ft B) 211 ft C) 65 ft D) 138 ft
Answer: B

218) A line from the top of a cliff to the ground passes just over the top of a pole 8.0 ft high and meets the ground at a
point 5.0 ft from the base of the pole. If the point is 78 ft from the base of the cliff, how high is the cliff? Round to
the nearest unit.
A) 125 ft B) 624 ft C) 8 ft D) 3120 ft
Answer: A

219) A lake lies between A and C, and lines AB and DE run north-south. If AB = 7.4 mi, DE = 2.0 mi, and
DC = 1.3 mi, how far is it from A to C? Round to the nearest tenth.

A) 11.4 mi B) 4.8 mi C) 5.0 mi D) 3.5 mi

Answer: B

41
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Provide an appropriate response.

220) Stephen said that the ratio of his mortgage to the sales price of his house is 5 to 7. Is this reasonable? Explain
your answer.
Answer: It is reasonable because a mortgage is never granted that is greater than the sales price of the house.

221) Explain the process you would use to determine the best buy.
Answer: Answers will vary. The best buy is the container with the lowest cost per unit. To determine the cost per
unit, divide the price of the container by the number of units in it.

222) Is the best buy (lowest cost per unit) always the best value? If it is not, give an example and explain why.
Answer: No. Examples will vary. Reasons why are more quality in the same size, spoilage, size, etc.

223) Ben drove his car 680 kilometers in 7 hours while he was on vacation in Italy. He was trying to estimate how far
680 6
he could drive in 6 hours the next day so he set up the following proportion: = . Explain why this
7 x
proportion will not give him the correct answer.
680 x
Answer: The proportion is wrong. It should be = .
7 6

224) Do a horizontal line and a vertical line intersect? If so, what kind of angle is formed by their intersection?
Explain.
Answer: Yes. The angle is a right angle of 90°. The lines intersect because they are perpendicular to each other.

225) Explain why a triangle cannot have two obtuse angles.

Answer: An obtuse angle has a measurement greater than 90°. The measurement of two obtuse angles would thus
add up to greater than 180°, whereas all three angles of any triangle must add up to exactly 180°

226) Explain why a triangle cannot have a right angle and an obtuse angle.
Answer: An obtuse angle has a measurement greater than 90°. The measurement of a right angle (90°) and an
obtuse angle (>90°) would thus add up to greater than 180°, whereas all three angles of any triangle
must add up to exactly 180°.

42
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 CHAPTER XIII
CORNERED

Ten days from the evening Tex Matthews died in the frozen bed of
a lonely creek Robin rode again in the Bad Lands, this time alone.
No one knew whither he went, nor why. He scarcely knew himself. If
he could have embodied his feelings in words he would have said
that he could not rest quietly under circumstances that drew about
him like the crushing coil of a python, a dread thing which he could
neither combat nor fly from. Sometimes a curious fear stirred in his
heart, and again—when he thought of Tex—a resentful ache. His
world was all askew. There was no faith nor honor nor even justice.
Thieves flourished and murder went unchallenged.
“Shot to death by some person or persons unknown.”
That perfunctory verdict echoed in Robin’s ears like a damnable
irony as he pulled up his horse once more in the pines which
bounded the corral and cabins he and Tex had discovered. Robin
knew those “persons unknown.” But a moral certainty does not
establish guilt before the law.
He shivered a little, recalling that day and hour. He had lain on the
edge of the washout with a dead man below him and he had prayed
that the killers would show themselves. But nothing save a few cattle
startled by the shots moved in that lonely place. He had lain until his
fingers numbed and his body grew stiff with the cold, until the dark
shut down. Then he had lashed the Texan’s corpse across his blood-
stained saddle and groped his way out of the Bad Lands, rode the
long night through leading a tired horse with a ghastly burden that
had been a man.
Here he was again, urged against all reasoned judgment into the
enemy’s territory. Robin was no fool to discount the chances he took.
He had no plan. He trusted to luck. He would ride warily as a
scalping Indian as long as the food in his saddlebags lasted. If only
he could get something definite to go on—or better still if he could
drop those two red-handed in their predatory activities. Given a crew
of riders and two weeks Robin knew that a round-up of T Bar S cattle
would show that their number had trebled in a twelvemonth. Nothing
less than positive proof would shake Adam Sutherland’s fatuous
belief in the integrity of his range boss.
Probably, in the end, Robin thought, he would have to kill Mark
Steele—if Mark didn’t beat him to that outcome. Perhaps deep in
Robin’s breast lurked the savage desire to stake all on an encounter
and so end uncertainty. A man cannot always fathom his own
motives. Still, in spite of the indignities Shining Mark had heaped
upon him, a festering sore in his mind, and Matthews’ slaying added
to the ugly total, Robin was not there for bushwhacking, but to learn
if indeed Thatcher and Steele did use that lonely corral and for what
purpose.
He viewed it now from the concealment of the timber. He had
approached the place cautiously riding in a wide circle around it on
high ground. A three-inch layer of new snow blanketed the earth. No
track led in or out from the place. Robin turned away and bore off
toward the river.
He made camp in a gulch at dusk. During the next day he jogged
in and out of various bottoms, flats in which both with Mayne and Tex
he had noted scores of Block S cows with their unbranded calves.
The cows were there still. The calves were gone. Robin rode far and
looked closely. The clean-up had been made. But where were the
calves? Robin stared across the frozen reach of the Missouri and
guessed the answer. He marked herd after herd of grazing cattle
with never a sign of fresh iron work, nor a single unbranded calf. He
would rest his hands on his saddle horn and ponder. Where would
he dispose of a hundred-odd fresh branded yearlings if he were a
cow thief.
Psychology to Robin was no more than a term occasionally
encountered in his last year of a frontier grammar school, a word
lightly taken and soon forgotten. But he knew his people and his
time. And he had imagination, that penetrating vision which is at
once a curse and a blessing to its possessor. He could put himself in
another man’s shoes.
 So he looked south of the river. In the end he crossed, leading a
trembling horse that slipped and slid and once or twice fell on the
glaring ice.
From far below Boiler Bottom he rode westward on the Judith
Basin side, in a region where no man lived. He passed the mouth of
Armells, Arrow Creek, other small, nameless streams. He rode in
still, wide-floored canyons where cattle grazed, over benches, back
to the river flats again, looking, looking. He ate the last of his food.
He slept like a wild animal in the lee of a bank or a brush patch, he
dozed over little sagewood fires. And he came out at last near the
mouth of the Judith River opposite where Birch Creek flowed in from
the Bear Paws.
He was hungry and weary. The frost had touched his cheeks, for
the thermometer at night dropped to twenty below. The range lay
hard and wan under a bright moon, and glittered in the midday sun.
But Robin was content to endure. He had found much that he
desired to find. If he could only establish Mark Steele’s interest in the
T Bar S brand he knew he could make good his word and put Mark
Steele in the penitentiary.
Thus Robin as he looked to the homeward side of the big river. In
all the jumbled area behind him no man rode in the dead of winter.
The Judith Basin cow outfits had their home ranches far south in a
creek and meadow country. The cattle that ranged where he had
been would see no riders before the spring round-up. The PN on the
Judith a few miles above was the only habitation within a hard day’s
ride of where he stood—south of the river. Robin was tempted to ride
to the PN to eat warm food, to sleep in a bed once more.
But there was also the urge for home. Directly across from him a
little way up Birch the Block S had a line camp. Two riders held it
down, as much to keep the men occupied as for aught they could do
for the Sutherland interest in winter. Robin knew both riders
stationed there. He could lie over an hour, get something to eat,
reach home by dark. He had not eaten in twenty hours. His mouth
watered at the mere thought of hot coffee.
The chance of Shining Mark turning up there was remote. Robin
knew why Mark and Thatcher kept to the lower end of the Block S
range. In any case, as he rode up Birch Creek, he must pass this
camp. And he would never again step aside an inch for Mark Steele
or any other man. Something of the hardness of the winter frosts
seemed to be creeping into Robin’s soul.
An hour later he rode through sagebrush that reached to his
knees and came to a cabin and a stable in one corner of a small
pasture fenced with poles. Smoke wavered from a pipe. Two saddled
horses stood before the door. A head thrust out as Robin drew rein.
“Hello, cowboy,” Ed Doyle greeted. “You lost, or just goin’ some
place?”
“Neither,” Robin returned. “Been some place, that’s all.”
“Well, get down an’ rest your saddle,” Doyle invited.
Robin got stiffly down. Doyle’s red-headed companion took a
shrewd look at Robin and his mount.
“Better put that caballo in the stable so he can eat as well as you,”
he said. “You look like you’d been ’round the Horn.”
“Mark Steele ain’t floatin’ around by any chance, is he?”
A brief glance telegraphed between the two Block S men. Robin
could interpret that. They thought he was out for Steele.
“Naw,” Bud Cartwright said. “He ain’t been here but once this fall.
You’d be more likely to locate him down around Cow Creek from
what I hear.”
“I sure don’t hanker to locate him right now,” Robin smiled. “I’d
rather locate a cup of hot coffee than anything I know.”
“Got your order,” Bud grinned. “She’s still steamin’ on the stove.
There’s biscuits and a hunk of fried beef. Fly at it, Robin. We’re fed.
Got to take a swing over toward Chip Creek. Make yourself at
home.”
Robin stabled his mount. When he came back to the house the
other two were in the saddle.
“We’ll be back somewhere between now an’ dark,” Doyle said.
“Keep the fire goin’, kid.”
“I will if I stay,” Robin agreed. “I ain’t sure I will. Kinda like to get
home. See how I feel after I’ve got some grub under my belt.”
“Well, the house is yours,” Bud drawled. “So long.”
Robin stirred up the fire, ate like a famished wolf. He was weary to
the innermost core. For five days he had only taken off his boots to
warm his feet for an hour or so by the fire. His bones ached from
sleeping on frozen ground. With a full stomach he drew up to the
stove, rested his stockinged feet on the hearth, sat there smoking,
debating whether he should stay or ride on.
The warmth of the room wrapped him like a comfortable garment.
His eyelids drooped. His chin sank on his breast.
He came out of that doze with a start, with a sensation of having
been disturbed, with a strange intuition of a presence in the room
besides himself. He became aware of his pistol scabbard empty on
his hip. For a breath he tried to recall if he had laid the gun aside.
Then, his head turning slowly to verify that warning intuition of
personal nearness to something, he saw Mark Steele and Thatcher
standing between him and the door.
Steele had Robin’s Colt in his hand. He was smiling, with a faint
curl of his upper lip. Thatcher grinned with a satisfaction that sent a
ripple along Robin’s back.
He didn’t speak. He looked at them silently. His tongue was not
numbed, nor his brain. But there was nothing to say. They had him
cornered, disarmed. What would they do? He canvassed the
possibilities in a detached, impersonal fashion.
Steele broke the silence at last. He backed up a step, seated
himself on the edge of the table, dangled one foot so that the silver
spur tinkled. His eyes never left Robin. They were cold and gray,
unlighted by any feeling—except it might be a touch of calculation.
He laid Robin’s six-shooter beside him.
“Well, Mr. Tyler of the Bar M Bar,” said he, “the last time we talked
you said you were goin’ to put me in the pen. How about it? You got
out a warrant for my arrest yet?”
Robin did not answer.
“Too scared to talk?” Steele taunted.
Robin’s answer was a shrug of his shoulders. A shadow flitted
across Steele’s dark face.
“I’ll make you talk,” he gritted. “Here, Tommy, you take the horses
to the stable,” he ordered. “Unsaddle ’em. Shut the door when you
go out, so the cold air won’t bother Mr. Tyler. His feet are chilly now.”
 Thatcher glanced from Robin to Steele, back to Robin again. His
brows crinkled a little. He seemed uncertain. But he went out without
a word.
“Now, darn your hide,” Mark’s tone was acid. “I hate to mess up a
nice clean cabin, but you’ve bothered me long enough.”
His fingers closed on the grip of his belt gun.
“You’ve bothered me long enough you — — —!” he snarled. “You
hear me?”
Through Robin’s mind flashed the thought that deadly as Steele
was he could not quite cold-bloodedly shoot down a man who sat in
a chair and stared dumbly at him. Hence the vile epithets. Mark had
to stir him up—or work himself up. Robin faced slowly about on the
chair.
“I hear you,” he said quietly. “Go ahead, shoot. You’ll be proud of
yourself after you’ve put out my light. You’re a powerful brave man,
Steele.”
Robin said that casually, for all his heart was beating double-
quick. Whether he rose to Steele’s taunting or not the man would kill
him. Intention, determination, were explicit on Shining Mark’s face, in
his stony stare, the slow withdrawal of his gun from its scabbard.
Robin was a menace Steele must remove for his own safety. That
cold feeling went over Robin again in a wave.
But all the time his stockinged toes were pressing harder and
harder into the dirt floor, the muscles of his legs were tensing. At
least he would not die like a tame sheep, bleating for mercy where
there was no mercy.
And when the gun leaped clear with a sudden jerk, as if Steele
had made up his mind to get the job done, Robin leaped also.
Shining Mark had made the mistake of staying too close, of
miscalculating the distance an active man could hurl himself with the
speed of a winking eyelid, when moved by a desperate resolve.
Robin did not strike. He clutched with both hands for that gun, thrust
it aside. Mark Steele was a strong and active man himself. For a few
seconds they struggled. Robin clamped both hands over the gun,
turning it back on Mark, jammed him against the wall. He was the
heavier, the stronger of the two, but he could not tear loose the
weapon from Steele’s grip. To loose one hand and strike was
dangerous. To let go and stoop for his own weapon now fallen to the
floor meant that Steele would kill him as he stooped. Any moment
Thatcher might enter. Then of a surety he was a dead man. And it
was more fitting Robin felt, with a fury that burned him, that Steele or
Thatcher, or both, should die if death was to stalk in that camp.
Slowly he turned the muzzle back toward Steele. One of his
fingers slipped inside the trigger guard. His thumb hooked around
the curved hammer. He jabbed Steele suddenly with one knee, and
in the momentary relaxation of the man’s grip Robin managed to pull
the trigger.
The report of the .45 was like a cannon blast in the room. Shining
Mark let go, left the gun in Robin’s hand. His fingers fumbled at the
base of his throat. Then he sagged and weaved and his knees
doubled under him. He became a sprawling figure face to the floor,
with strange spasmodic twitching of his outstretched fingers.
Robin retrieved his own gun. His rifle stood by the wall. He picked
the Winchester up. There was still another snake to scotch. Like a
wolf at bay or a tiger in the circle of beaters pure savagery was
driving Robin now. Every primitive instinct buried deep in man was
on top. He opened the door. For the moment, rifle in hand, with that
dark rage upon him, Robin would have faced all the fiends of hell
itself—and Thatcher was only a man.
The Texan was walking rapidly toward the house. In Robin’s
seething brain the thought arose: “They knew I was here. They
followed me. He thinks Mark has downed me.”
He stepped, scarcely conscious of his stocking feet, out into the
snow. As the foresight of his rifle lined on the Texan’s breast,
Thatcher stopped dead in his tracks, flung both arms high in the air.
Robin held his fire. Ripe to kill as he was he couldn’t shoot. He
walked toward the Texan, the anger dying out of him like a receding
tide. But for all that he cursed the man, slapped him brutally, raged at
him with tears in his voice, disarmed him and drove him into the
house. Thatcher grew pale at sight of his confederate stretched on
the floor.
Then Robin stood still to collect his thoughts. He beheld himself
yet between the devil and the deep sea. He had killed the Block S
wagon boss as he had publicly declared he would. Adam Sutherland
would remember that.
“Turn your face to the wall,” he commanded Thatcher.
“Kid, for God’s sake!”
“You dirty dog!” Robin gritted. “I don’t murder men from ambush,
nor shoot ’em in the back. You do what I say.”
Thatcher obeyed. Robin took a piece of clothesline and tied his
wrists tightly, backed him up to a bunk nailed to the wall and lashed
him securely to a corner of that. Then he put on his boots, his
overcoat, took both their guns and shut the cabin door on the
prisoner and the dead.
He saddled his own horse, turned out the other two, hastened
their going with a flicking rope-end. In half an hour he would be on
the high benches. Until Bud Cartwright and Ed Doyle returned he
was safe from pursuit—probably longer. He knew Doyle and
Cartwright. They would not hasten to sound an alarm over any one
killing Shining Mark.
He mounted and loped away up Birch Creek straight for the Bar M
Bar.
 CHAPTER XIV
THE LINE OF LEAST RESISTANCE

Dark had fallen. The winter night was setting its teeth hard when
Robin dismounted in the Mayne yard. He had forgotten about being
tired. His brain had kept a strange sort of time to the drum of hoofs
on the frozen ground. He couldn’t make a decision. His instinct was
to stand his ground. Yet he knew the risk of that. Sutherland would
be implacable. Once a fighting man himself, for a long time
Sutherland had frowned on gun fighting on his range. He had grown
old and rich. Both publicly and privately he was strong for law and
order, set against feuds. He was a fanatic in loyalty. He would never
believe that Mark Steele had forced the issue. He would say he
meant to see justice done when in reality he would be seeking
revenge on an alien rider who had killed one of his trusted men.
Robin held his decision until he could talk with Dan Mayne. Red
Mike stood in a stall. He could ride fast and far. He stood a moment
to pat the red horse’s glossy hide, thinking that he hated to run. He
had been afraid and he was no longer afraid. He would never be
afraid of any man again. Robin had never heard a champion
pugilist’s dictum that “the bigger they are the harder they fall”, but
that was in essence how he felt now. Only, as a reward for proving
that truth to himself, he did not wish to wear a striped government
suit and enjoy free lodging in state quarters for an indefinite period.
Adam Sutherland was powerful enough in Choteau county to inflict
that penalty on him.
He walked into the house. Mayne sat by the fireplace sucking his
pipe. Ivy came to meet him.
“I’m empty as a last year’s water barrel,” he said to her. “Get me
some supper, will you, hon?”
“Where on earth have you been all this time in this kind of
weather?” Ivy stayed to ask.
 “Oh, every place,” Robin put her off. “Go on, old girl. I’m starved.”
Ivy went into the kitchen.
“Steele jumped me this afternoon down at the Birch Creek line
camp. I killed him,” Robin said bluntly, as soon as they were alone.
Mayne took his pipe out of his mouth. For a second he looked
incredulous. Then a shade of fear crossed his face.
“Good Lord!” he breathed. “The fat’ll be in the fire now. The Block
S’ll be on us like a bunch of wolves.”
“On us?” Robin queried. “How? Where do you come in? I did the
killin’.”
“How?” Mayne echoed. He rose to his feet, strode up and down
the room. “How? Hell, I know Sutherland. He’ll make this range too
hot to hold me. He’ll take this personal. He thought the sun rose an’
set around that —— —— ——!”
He spat a mouthful of epithets on the dead man. Robin stared at
Mayne with a little heart sinking. This was the reward for loyalty.
Mayne saw only his material interests further imperiled by the
inevitable dénouement. The big fish, angered, would harry the little
fish who had troubled the range waters. It came over Robin with a
discouraging conviction that for all he was in a way of becoming
Mayne’s son and right bower he could expect little backing, either
moral or financial, in this crisis. Mayne had been furious at Shining
Mark’s depredations, furious and afraid. Shining Mark would rustle
no more Bar M Bar calves. But Mayne had a new fear—Sutherland’s
anger. The Block S could blackball him, refuse to handle his stock,
bar his riders from round-up, throttle him in a dozen ways.
Something like contempt stirred briefly in Robin.
“I don’t see where you need worry,” he said.
Perhaps his tone brought Mayne back to a consideration of
immediate consequences.
“You’ll have to jump out, I guess,” said he. “Sutherland’ll get you
buried for life if you stand trial, no matter how good a defence you
got. How’d the play come up?”
Robin told him briefly. The old man listened, shaking his head.
“You ain’t got a chance in the world, unless you could prove Mark
was actually stealin’,” he gave his opinion. “Thatcher’ll swear black is
white an’ white’s no color at all. Gosh, Robin, I wish you hadn’t got
Steele.”
“If I’d ’a’ known you’d back water in a pinch maybe I wouldn’t,”
Robin said slowly. “He didn’t steal my calves. I could ’a’ let it slide. I
could ’a’ told Shinin’ Mark I was deaf, dumb, an’ blind about what
went on on this range, and he would have left me alone. You’re a
poor stick, Mayne.”
“I ain’t either. I’m as game as the next,” Mayne retorted. “But I can
go broke on lawyers an’ witnesses a whole lot quicker than Adam
Sutherland, an’ get put outa business besides. It’s all right for you
wild kids to rip an’ tear regardless. It’s took me thirty years to collect
a thousand head of cattle an’ a home.”
He strode up and down the bare floor mumbling to himself. Robin
sat thinking. He would have to go on the dodge. If he stood pat he
would be under arrest within forty-eight hours. Mayne was
frightened. He could see that. The old man wanted only to wash his
hands of the whole business.
Ivy came to the door and beckoned. Robin sitting with downcast
eyes did not notice. She came in, looked from one to the other.
“What’s wrong now?” she demanded. “Somethin’ is.”
“This crazy kid has gone an’ killed Mark Steele,” Mayne flared up.
“We’re tryin’ to figure what he’d better do.”
“I’ll do my own figurin’,” Robin said tartly. He had already made up
his mind. “I’m goin’ to eat an’ ride. You can rest easy. I won’t mix you
up in no big trial.”
Ivy stood as if petrified. When Robin put out his hand to her she
shrank.
“So—oh,” he breathed. “It jars you like that, does it?” and walked
past her into the kitchen.
His food was on the table. He set himself to eat. It might be a long
stretch between meals, he thought grimly. But beyond a bit of bread
and meat and a cup of coffee food seemed to choke him. He was
calm enough. He had no more regret than he would have had at
crushing a snake’s ugly head under his boot heel. But he quivered
inside. He sat alone by the table listening to the mutter of voices in
the other room. He had played the game. Because he had played a
desperate trump to take the winning trick, he must lose. He felt that.
Mayne most of all feared for his security as a little cowman tolerated
in the heart of a cattle king’s domain. Ivy—he couldn’t make her out.
Something seemed to be slowly freezing inside Robin.
Ivy came out of the other room at last and stood looking at him as
he rolled a cigarette and lit it, nursing his chin in one palm as he blew
smoke.
“It’s awful, Robin,” she sighed. “I wish I’d never gone to that
dance. What’ll you do?”
“Hit the trail,” he answered.
Ivy stood still. She didn’t offer to kiss him. She seemed deep in
some consideration which had, Robin felt forlornly, very little to do
with him.
“Will you go with me?” Some obscure impulse prompted the
question. “I might never come back.”
“Oh, I couldn’t do that,” she whispered.
Then she flung herself at Robin, clung to him. She buried her face
in his shoulder, shaking with sobs.
“Oh, it’s awful, Robin,” she cried. “I can’t bear it. It’s awful!”
“Can’t bear what?” Robin asked.
He had no key to her mood. He couldn’t tell whether her grief was
for him or Mark or for herself, or whether this tragedy in which she
was involved simply oppressed her beyond endurance. But her grief
racked him. He knew no way to comfort her. He could not stay to
comfort her. For a moment he thought of explaining that this trouble
had arisen simply because Mark Steele was a thief trying to cover
his trail. But it was a little late for explanation which did not alter
facts. They had never told Ivy the real truth. And Mark was dead. It
didn’t matter now.
She withdrew from his arms and began nervously to gather up
dishes. Robin watched her for a minute. Some sort of impalpable
barrier was between them. Nothing he could say or do would make it
any different.
“Well, I got to get organized,” he said and rose. Ivy looked at him
once, went on with her work. Old Mayne appeared in the doorway.
 “What you aim to do?” he inquired uneasily. “Stand pat, or light
out?”
“What you think yourself?” Robin asked. It was an idle question.
He knew what he would do. He was only curious to know what
Mayne really wanted him to do.
“If it was anybody but Sutherland you might come clear,” Mayne
grumbled. “With the Block S pullin’ the strings you’ll get
manslaughter sure as blazes.”
“Suppose I stand trial and get a year, or two, or ten?” Robin went
on. “Where’ll I be at with you two when I come out?”
Mayne glanced at his daughter, wet his lips with the tip of his
tongue. The girl stood silent. Robin looked from one to the other. A
faint sardonic smile fluttered about his lips.
“You got a home here anytime you come back,” Mayne said. “You
know that.”
There was no warmth in the assurance. Robin felt that when he
had ridden out into the night something like relief would be the most
definite sensation in the agitated breasts of these two.
“Well, you don’t need to worry,” he said at last. “I’m not goin’ to
stand arrest. I don’t know as any Tyler ever did, come to think of it.
Chances are if they send a deputy sheriff after me he’ll ride careful,
prayin’ to God he don’t come on me. There’s a lot of territory
between here an’ Texas where a man can make a fresh start.”
He walked out without waiting for an answer. Mayne followed with
a lantern. Robin saddled Red Mike, led him out and dropped the
reins at the bunk house door. There were a few odds and ends he
wanted, clothes he would need. In twenty minutes he was ready, rifle
slung under his stirrup leather, a hundred rounds of ammunition
belted on, his clothes in a war bag across his saddle. He turned with
his hand on the stirrup and walked back to the house. He couldn’t
leave Ivy like that. He was sick inside, but he couldn’t go without a
word.
“I’m gone to the wild bunch, hon,” he put his arms around her.
Ivy sobbed afresh, repeating that senseless “Oh, it’s awful,” over
and over until Robin stopped her mouth with a kiss that brought no
answering pressure from her cold lips.
 “I’m gone,” he said briefly. “You want me to come back?”
“I don’t want you to go,” she cried, “I don’t want you to go!”
“I got to.”
“I guess so. All right,” she seemed to collect herself. “Write to me
Robin, an’ tell me how you make out.”
“I’ll get word to you,” he promised. “Good-by.”
Within ten minutes he drew up at his own door. He came near
passing the dimly outlined cabin with a glance and a sigh, but he
recalled some papers he thought wise to take and so dismounted.
He struck a match, got what he wanted out of a tin box on a shelf,
and rode on.
The moon was still below the horizon. Robin pointed Red Mike’s
nose straight for the Block S home ranch and rode fast. The point he
bore for lay straight across the Bear Paws where the Montana
Central branched off the main line of the Great Northern. He could
go in three directions from there. He would be on a train before word
of that killing reached the Block S.
He had an idea that pursuit and search would be perfunctory until
Adam Sutherland stirred up the county authorities, privately speeded
up the mechanism of the sheriff’s office. Even if Thatcher or one of
the others took horse and rode they could cover ground no faster
than he. He would beat them to the railroad by hours. After that—
well Robin knew the range men, banked for safety on that
knowledge. They would look for him anywhere but on a train. And
Robin meant in that hour to turn his back forever on the range and
cattle and cow thieves—all that had been his life ever since he could
remember. He rode over the high, moon-washed divide of the Bear
Paws in snow three feet deep, with a maturing plan and a definite
purpose and destination in mind. A clean break! A new country, a
different country. Everything behind him severed.
From the Bar M Bar to Havre Junction was a little over forty miles
in an air line. Robin dismounted in the outskirts of the little town at
three P.M., having ridden the distance in six hours.
He stood patting Red Mike’s sweaty neck while the beast nuzzled
him impatiently.
 “So long, old boy,” he whispered. “You’ll be free to roam now. I
hope nobody grabs you just because they know I’ve quit the
country.”
Red Mike rolled in the snow, shook himself like a dog, ambled
away, vanished in the dark. In three or four days he would be grazing
with the wild horses on Chase Hill, or by Cold Spring, back in his old
haunts. Robin watched him go with a little pang.
Then he took his saddle on his shoulder and passed along a dark
street until he found a livery stable with a sleepy hostler whom he
roused off a cot in the office.
“I want to leave this saddle here for a spell,” he said.
“All right. Chuck her in the harness room,” the man said. “Gee
whiz, I’m sleepy! I’m goin’ to pound my ear again.”
Robin gained the railroad station without meeting a soul. The
saddle would be safe for a month, six months, a year. He was going
where he would not need a saddle. If he didn’t come back to claim it,
no matter.
In a dim corner of the empty waiting-room he changed to his good
suit and plain shoes. Then he sat down to await the west-bound
passenger.
This train would go through Big Sandy at six o’clock. There was
little likelihood of any one there knowing that Mark Steele had
passed out of the picture. No one would dream of Robin Tyler riding
boldly west on the Montana Central through Sutherland’s home
town. If he could get past Fort Benton and Helena without being
recognized he was safe. Detective bureaus did not flourish in the
cow country. Sheriffs had duties enough at home without going far
afield for trouble. The survivor of a private war who quietly left for
parts unknown was seldom troubled by the authorities in a distant
state.
Robin banked on that. He would go far and he would never come
back. It would be a closed chapter. Sitting in that dimly lit room he
felt no fear of consequences, no pang of remorse, only a strange
touch of sadness. He hadn’t wanted it to be that way. Six months
earlier he had looked forward confidently, joyously indeed, to a future
in the shadow of the Bear Paws, a future that comprised round-up
and wild riding, a bunch of cattle of his own, a home on Little Birch—
and Ivy to make that home bright. He had loved the sight of the hills
in summer, the pressure of the wind on his face as he rode. Life had
been pleasantly compounded of hope and ambition and love, the
regard of his fellows and a singular sense of oneness with his
environment.
He shook himself out of this brooding. It made him ache. It was
done, finished. He might drift eventually to other cattle ranges but he
would never ride the Bear Paws again, he would never sit on Chase
Hill at sundown and watch the afterglow rose-pink on Old
Centennial.
And he would not listen again to May Sutherland’s throaty voice.
Robin was conscious enough of his mental processes to wonder why
he thought of May Sutherland now instead of Ivy, why the image of
the one who had wept bitter tears on his shoulder six hours ago grew
obscured by a sharp-cut vision of the other sitting on a sorrel horse
looking wide-eyed into the west where the plains rolled like the sea.
May would have understood how a man might be caught in a
vicious circle and forced to play the only card he held. He doubted if
Ivy did.
Anyway, it didn’t matter, Robin assured himself morosely. Neither
woman could count for much now. He was to all intents an outlaw.
Before long there might literally be a price on his head.
He kept his face to the window on the opposite side of the car
when the train hauled up at Big Sandy station. Dawn was breaking
when the Fort Benton stop came. Beyond Fort Benton Robin
breathed easier. Once the train passed Great Falls and bore up into
the foothills of the Rockies he shook off his wariness and began to
view the country with interest. He was in a new country already and
the lure of the unknown began to exert its spell.
Robin was for the coast, the far Pacific which he had never seen.
He had little of the landsman’s curiosity about the sea, but he knew
that no one would dream of a cow-puncher with a killing behind him
planting his stakes on Puget Sound. He had bought a ticket on the
train. As that read, Helena was his destination. Helena was at once
the state capital and the winter rendezvous and residence of many
cattlemen, Sutherland among them. On any street corner he might
meet a man he knew. So Robin kept on to Butte. He could make a
detour and get back on the main line at a junction west of the
continental divide.
Thus he avoided a stop in the last place where he might be
recognized. Twelve hours later he was forging along the Hell Gate
river, the Rockies behind him, the world ahead of him, a ticket to
Seattle and three hundred dollars in his pocket.
The sun blazed in the car windows. The valley beside the track,
the hills, the farther higher mountains glittered with frost and snow.
Robin with his nose to a pane reflected that it might be worse. They
might be burying him instead of Shining Mark. And when a man died
he was a long time dead. Thus he comforted himself as the train
rolled west.
A porter sonorously announcing luncheon reminded Robin that
hunger could be appeased in the dining car. He had eaten coffee
and hot cakes early that morning at a chophouse in Silver Bow. He
brushed his hair and followed the porter.
In the second Pullman to the rear he brought up in the doorway
with a start. Three seats ahead, facing him wide-eyed with surprise,
sat May Sutherland. A broad pair of shoulders surmounted by a thick
red neck informed him that Adam Sutherland was her vis-a-vis. For a
moment Robin’s eyes met the girl’s inquiring stare. Then he swung
on his heel and went back to his seat. The world was too small.
There would be no food for him in that dining car. He did not dare run
the gauntlet.
For an hour Robin chafed in his seat. Here were both disturbance
and danger. The mere knowledge that May was within speaking
distance troubled him in a vague fashion. And if Adam Sutherland
laid eyes on him! By now the owner of the Block S must have been
informed of what had befallen Mark Steele.
Robin looked up from these reflections to find May at his elbow,
smiling uncertainly. He rose. For the life of him he could not help a
slightly apprehensive glance past her. She seemed to divine his
thought.
“Dad’s having a smoke back in the observation,” she said.
 “Will you sit down a minute?” Robin bethought himself of courtesy.
May slipped into the seat facing him, looked at him with a sober
intentness.
“What has happened?” she asked quietly.
Robin stared. Either she knew what had happened, or her intuition
was uncanny. What difference did it make to her?
“How do you know anything has happened?” he countered.
“I don’t know,” she replied slowly. “But I have that sort of feeling.
When you came to our car and turned back. Perhaps it was that. I
don’t know.”
Robin’s mind worked fast. If word had reached Adam Sutherland
and Sutherland discovered he was on that train, old Adam would
have an officer at his elbow between stations. He doubted if May
would mention his presence. Yet she might. She was frank. Robin
couldn’t associate her with deceit or subterfuge. But if he asked her
not to mention him she wouldn’t—only he would have to tell her why.
And why not? She would learn eventually. Robin felt that he would
rather she learned from his own lips. He remembered with a queer
glow that she had said: “If there is to be a funeral I hope it will be
his.”
“I’m on the dodge,” he said quietly. “Mark Steele jumped me day
before yesterday. I killed him. That’s why I backed out of your car. I
didn’t want your dad to see me. I’m quittin’ Montana for good.”
He put his hands on his knees and faced her impassively, curious
to see how she would take it. A little gleam of admiration warmed
him. She had nerve, this slender wisp of a girl. She neither winced
nor looked shocked nor did any of the things a woman might
reasonably be expected to do when a man calmly informs her that
he has taken another man’s life.
“Somehow, I don’t seem to be surprised much, nor horrified, nor
sorry,” she murmured at last. “I suppose he crowded you into a
corner. But do you have to run? Haven’t you a plea of defense?”
“Not much, as it stands. And I’d need a good one,” he told her
soberly. “You see Steele kept diggin’ into me all fall. He wanted me
to jump him so that he could kill me. He drove me crazy that day in
Big Sandy. I said before twenty men that I’d kill him. The kind of
lawyers and the kind of witnesses that would be against me in a trial
would cook my goose. There’d only be my word that I had to get him
or he would have finished me. This Thatcher was there. He’ll have
his own story. He’s just as keen to put me away as Shinin’ Mark was.
All things considered I can’t stand trial. I was born free,” he ended a
little wistfully, “I’ve lived free and I aim to die that way. I won’t take no
chance on lookin’ through bars like a caged wolf for doin’ somethin’
that was forced on me.”
“There is more than Ivy Mayne back of this,” May said slowly.
There was a peculiar sort of conviction in her tone.
“Yes,” Robin admitted. “But it don’t do no good to talk about that
now. Too late.”
May rose.
“I must go back,” she said. “We are on our way to visit friends. We
get off at Missoula. Is there any message I can take back to—to any
one, when I go home in the spring.”
Robin shook his head.
“Remember me to the hills when you go ridin’,” he muttered.
“That’s all.”
The girl’s eyes clouded.
“I’m sorry,” she whispered, and held out her hand. “Good-by,
Robin Tyler—and good luck to you.”
Robin turned his face to the frosted window. There was a blur in
his eyes as well as on the pane. A lump in his throat grew and
swelled till it seemed as if it would choke him.
 CHAPTER XV
ECHOES FROM AFAR

Sitting on a pierhead jutting from the Seattle water front one

Sunday afternoon in April Robin surrendered himself to a mood that
he had been choking down all winter.
Materially he had done well enough. He had sought sanctuary in
this seaport city and found what he sought. He had walked the
streets with an assurance that he was lost in the swarming ant heap.
So far as Montana, the Block S, those far wide ranges went, he had
ceased to be. And since he had not come there seeking glory and
fortune by the white-collar route he had soon found work that he
could do and for which he was well paid.
But he didn’t fit. He was an alien in an alien land. These people
did not speak his tongue. His ways were not their ways. Even now
the lessened rumble of Sunday traffic beat on his brain, a faint
distasteful sound, which in midweek roar annoyed and irritated him
with its clang of complicated machinery, its feverish scurrying of
crowds—there seemed no more purpose in this medley of unrest
than there was in the senseless milling of a herd—except that the
human herd went surging this way and that under the constant
pressure of the invisible riders of necessity.
Here on this April afternoon the sun shone on rippling water at his
feet. The surrounding hills and Sound islands all washed clean by
drenching rain were bright with spring growth. For weeks, for
months, Robin had lived and moved under the gloom of murky skies,
great clouds that wept eternal tears. He had shivered on his wagon
in damp fogs carrying a chill like the clammy hands of death. The
sun was lost in that gloom. It was all gray, gray sky, gray streets,
gray sea. Sometimes the very soul in him turned gray.
He was too far from all that he had known and cared about.
Voluntary exile he might have endured with better grace, knowing