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16.1 Reproduction in Plants & Humans

Question Paper
Course CIE IGCSE Biology

Section 16. Reproduction
Topic 16.1 Reproduction in Plants & Humans
Difficulty Medium
Time Allowed 140

Score /115
Percentage /100
Page 1 of 29
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Question 1a
Define the term pollination.
[2 marks]
Question 1b
Fig 1 shows a flower that reproduces using wind-pollination.
Fig 1
Describe two ways in which the flower in Fig. 1 is adapted for wind-pollination.
[2 marks]
Page 2 of 29
Question 1c
Fig. 2 shows two photomicrographs of pollen.
Fig 2
Describe, using your knowledge and the information in Fig. 2, how pollen from an insect-pollinated flower is different to
pollen from a wind-pollinated flower.
[3 marks]
Page 3 of 29
Question 1d
Sexual reproduction in plants results in seeds being formed.
State three conditions needed for the germination of seeds.
[3 marks]
Page 4 of 29
Question 2
Some insects can reproduce by sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. In both types of reproduction
chromosomes are passed from the parent or parents, to the offspring.
Fig. 1 shows a drawing of a parent insect and seven of her offspring: M, N, P, R, S, T and U.
Fig 1
(i) Two of the offspring were produced by asexual reproduction.
Suggest the letters representing these two offspring.
[1]
Page 5 of 29
(ii) Insect R was produced by sexual reproduction.

Use the information from the diagram to support this statement.
[1]
(iii) State the term that is defined as the observable features of an organism.
[1]
[3 marks]
Question 3a
Complete the sentences by stating the part of the human body that produces male gametes and the part that produces
female gametes.
Male gametes are produced by the ........................................................................
Female gametes are produced by the ...................................................................
[2 marks]
Page 6 of 29
Question 3b
Fig. 1 represents the early stages in the development of a female embryo.
Page 7 of 29
Page 8 of 29
Fig. 1
(i) State the names of the cells labelled P, Q and S in Fig. 1.
[3]
(ii) Complete Fig. 1 by writing the correct sex chromosomes in structures P, Q and S.
[3]
(iii) State the names of processes R and T in Fig. 1.
[2]
(iv) State the name of the organ in the body in which the female embryo develops.
[1]
[9 marks]
Page 9 of 29
Question 4a
Fig. 1 shows a section through a flower.
Fig. 1
(i) Write one letter from Fig. 1 to identify each of the following.
You may use each letter once, more than once, or not at all.
Petal
Anther
Stigma
A male part of the flower
A part of the carpel
Sepal
Page 10 of 29
[6]
(ii) Describe the evidence that this flower is pollinated by insects.
[2]
[8 marks]
Page 11 of 29
Question 4b
Fig. 2 shows pollen grains from the flowers of several different species, labelled with the letters K–Q.
Fig. 2
State the letters of the pollen grains that come from insect-pollinated flowers.
[2 marks]
Question 5
Extended Only
Sugarcane is a crop plant that is usually grown from stem cuttings rather than from seeds.
Describe the advantages of using cuttings rather than seeds to reproduce crop plants.
[3 marks]
Page 12 of 29
Question 6a
Define the term sexual reproduction.
[3 marks]
Page 13 of 29
Question 6b
Fig. 1 shows some organs in the body of a man.
Fig. 1
(i) Complete Table 1 by writing in the names of the parts labelled A to D in Fig. 1.
Table 1
name of the substance or substances
letter on Fig. 1 name of part
transported
A faeces
B sperm
C sperm and urine

D urine
Page 14 of 29
[4]
(ii) On Fig. 1 draw a label line to the prostate gland and label it P.
[1]
[5 marks]
Question 6c
State the function of the scrotum.
[1 mark]
Page 15 of 29
Question 7a
Fig. 1 shows sections of two flowers, K and L, from the same species.
Fig. 1
(i) On flower L in Fig. 1, identify and label an ovule and a petal.
[2]
(ii) State the names of the parts in Fig. 1 that:
produce ovules
protect the bud of the flower
[2]
[4 marks]
Page 16 of 29
Question 7b
On Fig. 1, draw an arrow to represent the transfer of pollen from flower K to flower L during pollination.
[2 marks]
Question 7c
A student said, “Flowers K and L are pollinated by insects.”
Describe two structures in flowers K and L that support this statement.
Use features that are visible in Fig. 1.
[2 marks]
Question 7d
Describe the pathway water takes in a plant, as it moves from the soil to a leaf.
[4 marks]
Page 17 of 29
Question 8a
Fig. 1 is a diagram of the human female reproductive system.
Fig. 1
(i) Complete Table 1 by stating the letter from Fig. 1 that identifies the structure where each process occurs.
Table 1
process letter from Fig. 1
meiosis
fertilisation
implantation
[3]
(ii) State the name of the part of the female reproductive system labelled S in Fig. 1.
[1]
[4 marks]
Page 18 of 29
Question 8b
Extended Only
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a human sperm cell.
Fig. 2
(i) Write the formula that would be used to calculate the magnification of the diagram.
[1]
(ii) The actual length of the sperm cell in Fig. 2 is 0.055mm.
Convert this value to micrometres (μm).
Space for working.
___________ µm [1]
[2 marks]
Page 19 of 29
Question 8c
Extended only
Explain why the nuclei of sperm cells differ from those of other cells in the male.
[2 marks]
Question 8d
Explain the roles of the flagellum, the mitochondria and the acrosome in sperm cells.
[6 marks]
Question 8e
Explain why the sex of a child is determined by its father.
[2 marks]
Page 20 of 29
Question 9a
Fig. 1 is a half-flower drawing of pride of Barbados, Caesalpinia pulcherrima.
Fig. 1
Complete Table 1 by stating the letter from Fig. 1 that indicates the organ where each function occurs and the name of the
organ.
Table 1
letter from
function name of the organ
Fig. 1
meiosis to produce pollen grains
pollination
development of seeds
Page 21 of 29
protection of flower in the bud

[4 marks]
Page 22 of 29
Question 9b
Extended Only
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of some pollen grains from wind-pollinated flowers and insect-pollinated
flowers.
Fig. 2
(i) Write the formula that would be used to calculate the actual diameter of pollen grain H.
[1]
(ii) The actual diameter of pollen grain H is 0.082mm.
Convert this value to micrometres (μm).
[1]
(iii) Explain how the pollen grain labelled J is adapted for insect pollination.
[2]
[4 marks]
Page 23 of 29
Question 9c
Extended Only
Pollen grains grow tubes, which contain haploid male gamete nuclei.
(i) One of these male gamete nuclei fuses with the female gamete. State the part of the flower that contains the
female gamete
[1]
(ii) Define the term haploid nucleus.
[1]
(iii) Explain why it is important for gametes to be haploid.
[1]
[3 marks]
Question 10a
(i) State one type of blood cell that is involved in the defence against disease.
[1]
(ii) State two ways blood cells defend the body against disease.
[2]
[3 marks]
Page 24 of 29
Question 10b
HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
(i) Define the term sexually transmitted infection.
[2]
(ii) State why antibiotics cannot be used to treat HIV infections.
[2]
(iii) Explain how the spread of STIs can be controlled.
[3]
[7 marks]
Page 25 of 29
Question 11a
Glycogen is a storage carbohydrate in animals. Glycogen is made from glucose.
(i) Cells that convert glucose to glycogen contain many mitochondria.
Suggest why these cells contain many mitochondria.
[2]
(ii) State the type of biological molecule that catalyses reactions such as the conversion of glycogen to glucose.
[1]
[3 marks]
Question 11b
Extended only
A fetus needs glucose to make glycogen.
Describe how a fetus obtains glucose.
[3 marks]
Page 26 of 29
Question 11c
Extended only
Fig. 1 shows the concentration of glycogen in the fetus of a domestic cat during pregnancy and immediately after birth.
Fig. 1
Hormones stimulate changes in the concentration of glycogen in the fetus.
(i) Define the term hormone.
[3]
(ii) Calculate the percentage increase in the glycogen concentration in the fetus between day 10 and birth in Fig. 1.
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
Show your working.
Page 27 of 29
[2]
(iii) Describe the changes in glycogen concentration shown in Fig. 1 and explain how hormones in the fetus cause these
changes.
Use data from Fig. 1 to support your answer.
[6]
[11 marks]
Page 28 of 29
Question 11d
Extended only
After birth, cats produce milk to feed their offspring.
Human babies can be breast-fed or bottle-fed with formula milk.
Outline three disadvantages of breast-feeding.
[3 marks]
Page 29 of 29

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16.1 Reproduction in Plants & Humans

Course CIE IGCSE Biology

Time Allowed 140

(ii) Insect R was produced by sexual reproduction.

C sperm and urine

process letter from Fig. 1

protection of flower in the bud

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