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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Which equation matches the given calculator-generated graph and description? Decide without using your calculator.
1)
Parabola; opens upward

A) 3x = y2 B) -3x = y2 C) 3y = x2 D) -3y = x2
Answer: C
2)
Parabola; opens right

A) -3y = x2 B) -3x = y2 C) 3x = y2 D) 3y = x2
Answer: C
3)
Circle; center (0, 0); radius 3

A) x2 + y2 = 1 B) x2 + y2 = 3 C) x2 + y2 = 9 D) x2 + y2 = -9
Answer: C
1
4)
No points on its graph

A) y = x2 B) x2 + y2 = 6 C) x2 + y2 = -36 D) x2 + y2 = 36
Answer: C
5)
Parabola; opens downward

A) x = y2 B) x = -y2 C) y = -x2 D) y = x2
Answer: C
6)
Parabola; opens left

A) x = y2 B) x = -y2 C) y = -x2 D) y = x2
Answer: B
2
7)
Circle; center (3, -2); radius 4

A) (x - 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 16 B) (x + 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = 16
C) (x + 3)2 + (y - 2)2 = 16 D) (x - 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 16
Answer: A
8)
Circle; center (-3, 2); radius 4

A) (x + 3)2 + (y - 2)2 = 16 B) (x - 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 16
C) (x + 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = 16 D) (x - 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 16
Answer: A
Find the center-radius form of the equation of the circle satisfying the given conditions.
9) Center (-2, -5), radius 3
A) (x + 5)2 + (y + 2)2 = 3 B) (x + 2)2 + (y + 5)2 = 9
C) (x - 5)2 + (y - 2)2 = 3 D) (x - 2)2 + (y - 5)2 = 9
Answer: B
10) Center (-10, 0), radius 1

A) x2 + (y + 10)2 = 1 B) x2 + (y - 10)2 = 1 C) (x + 10)2 + y2 = 1 D) (x - 10)2 + y2 = 1
Answer: C
11) Center (6, -5), radius 11

A) (x - 6)2 + (y + 5)2 = 11 B) (x - 5)2 + (y + 6)2 = 121
C) (x + 6)2 + (y - 5)2 = 11 D) (x + 5)2 + (y - 6)2 = 121
Answer: A
3
1
12) Center - 2, - 1 , radius
2
1 1
A) x - 1 2 + y - 2 2 = B) x + 1 2 + y + 2 2 =
2 2
1 1
C) x - 2 2 + y - 1 2 = D) x + 2 2 + y + 1 2 =
4 4
Answer: D
13) Center (9, -9), passing through (12, -5)

A) (x - 9)2 + (y + 9)2 = 25 B) (x + 9)2 + (y - 9)2 = 25
C) (x - 9)2 + (y + 9)2 = 9 D) (x + 9)2 + (y - 9)2 = 9
Answer: A
14) Center (7, 25), containing the origin

A) (x - 7)2 + (y - 25)2 = 674 B) (x - 7)2 + (y - 25)2 = 26
C) (x - 25)2 + (y - 7)2 = 26 D) (x - 25)2 + (y - 7)2 = 674
Answer: A
15) Center (21, 19), tangent to the y-axis

A) (x - 21)2 + (y - 19)2 = 21 B) (x - 19)2 + (y - 21)2 = 21
C) (x - 19)2 + (y - 21)2 = 441 D) (x - 21)2 + (y - 19)2 = 441
Answer: D
16) Center (12, 25), tangent to the x-axis

A) (x - 12)2 + (y - 25)2 = 144 B) (x - 25)2 + (y - 12)2 = 25
C) (x - 12)2 + (y - 25)2 = 625 D) (x - 25)2 + (y - 12)2 = 144
Answer: C
Find the center-radius form for the circle having the given endpoints of a diameter.
17) (6, -2) and (-4, 4)
A) (x + 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 136 B) (x + 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 34
C) (x - 1)2 + (y - 1)2 = 136 D) (x - 1) 2 + (y - 1)2 = 34
Answer: D
18) (-3, -5) and (7, 7)

A) (x + 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = -11 B) (x - 2)2 + (y - 1)2 = -11
C) (x + 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 61 D) (x - 2)2 + (y - 1)2 = 61
Answer: D
19) (-4, 5) and (0, -1)

A) (x - 2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 26 B) (x + 2)2 + (y - 2)2 = 26
C) (x + 2)2 + (y - 2)2 = 13 D) (x - 2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 13
Answer: C
20) (-6, 0) and (6, 0)

A) x2 + y2 = 6 B) (x - 6)2 + y2 = 6 C) (x - 6)2 + y2 = 36 D) x2 + y2 = 36
Answer: D
4
21) (0, -6) and (0, 6)
A) x2 + (y - 6)2 = 36 B) x2 + (y - 6)2 = 6 C) x2 + y2 = 36 D) x2 + y2 = 6
Answer: C
Graph the circle if possible.

22) x2 + y2 = 36
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: A
5
23) (x - 1)2 + (y - 3)2 = 16
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: A
6
24) x2 + (y - 3)2 = 25
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: D
7
25) (x + 3)2 + y2 = 9
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: D
8
26) (x - 5)2 + (y + 1)2 = 0
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B) No points on its graph

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
(-5, 1)
-10 -5 5 (5, -1) 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: C
9
27) x2 + (y - 4)2 + 1 = 0
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B) No points on its graph

y
10
5
(0, 4)
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: B
Find the center and radius of the circle.

28) (x - 5)2 + (y - 9)2 = 36
A) (5, 9), r = 6 B) (-5, -9), r = 36 C) (-9, -5), r = 36 D) (9, 5), r = 6
Answer: A
29) x2 + 6x + 9 + (y - 1)2 = 64
A) (-3, 1), r = 8 B) (3, -1), r = 64 C) (-1, 3), r = 64 D) (1, -3), r = 8
Answer: A
10
30) x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 + 14y + 49 = 16
A) (7, 1), r = 16 B) (-1, -7), r = 4 C) (-7, -1), r = 4 D) (1, 7), r = 16
Answer: B
31) x2 + y2 - 4x + 2y + 5 = 25
A) (1, -2), r = 25 B) (-2, 1), r = 25 C) (2, -1), r = 5 D) (-1, 2), r = 5
Answer: C
32) x2 + y2 + 12x - 2y = -1
A) (-6, 1), r = 6 B) (6, -1), r = 36 C) (1, -6), r = 6 D) (-1, 6), r = 36
Answer: A
33) x2 + y2 = 10x + 56
A) (-5, 0), r = 81 B) (-5, 0), r = 9 C) (5, 0), r = 81 D) (5, 0), r = 9
Answer: D
34) x2 - 8x + y2 + 12y + 27 = 0
A) (4, -6), r = 25 B) (4, -6), r = 5 C) (-4, 6), r = 25 D) (-4, 6), r = 5
Answer: B
35) 4x2 + 4y2 - 16x - 32y + 16 = 0

A) (2, 4), r = 4 B) (4, 2), r = 4 C) (-2, -4), r = 16 D) (-4, -2), r = 16
Answer: A
36) 9x2 - 9x + 9y2 + 9y - 1 = 0

1 1 22 1 1 22 1 1 22 1 1 22
A) , - , r = B) - ,- ,r= C) ,- ,r= D) - , ,r=
2 2 2 2 2 6 2 2 6 2 2 2
Answer: C
Find the coordinates of the vertex and the direction of opening of each parabola.
37) y = (x + 5)2 + 5
A) (5, 0) opens downward B) (0, 5) opens downward
C) (-5, -5) opens upward D) (-5, 5) opens upward
Answer: D
38) y = (x + 2)2 + 7
A) (7, -2) opens downward B) (-2, 7) opens upward
C) (7, -4) opens downward D) (-7, 2) opens upward
Answer: B
39) y = (x + 8)2 - 3
A) (8, -3) opens downward B) (-8, -3) opens upward
C) (-8, 3) opens downward D) (8, 3) opens upward
Answer: B
11
40) y = -(x + 1)2 + 1
A) (-1, -1) opens downward B) (1, 0) opens upward
C) (0, 1) opens upward D) (-1, 1) opens downward
Answer: D
41) y = -(x + 5)2 + 4

A) (-4, 5) opens downward B) (4, -5) opens upward
C) (-5, 4) opens downward D) (4, -25) opens upward
Answer: C
42) y = -(x + 5)2 - 2

A) (-5, 2) opens upward B) (5, 2) opens downward
C) (5, -2) opens upward D) (-5, -2) opens downward
Answer: D
43) x = (y - 1)2 - 1
A) (0, -1) opens left B) (-1, 0) opens left C) (-1, 1) opens right D) (1, 1) opens right
Answer: C
44) x = (y + 3)2 + 6
A) (3, -6) opens right B) (-9, 6) opens left C) (-3, 6) opens left D) (6, -3) opens right
Answer: D
45) x = -(y + 4)2 + 4

A) (4, 0) opens right B) (4, -4) opens left C) (0, 4) opens right D) (-4, -4) opens left
Answer: B
46) x = -(y + 4)2 + 7

A) (7, -4) opens left B) (7, -4) opens right C) (-4, 7) opens left D) (16, -7) opens right
Answer: A
Give the focus, directrix, and axis for the parabola.

47) x2 = 32y
A) (8, 0), y = 8, y-axis B) (0, 8), y = -8, y-axis
C) (8, 0), x = 8, x-axis D) (0, -8), x = -8, x-axis
Answer: B
1 2
48) - x =y
12
A) (-6, 0), x = 3, x-axis B) (0, -3), y = 3, x-axis
C) (0, 3), y = -3, y-axis D) (0, -3), y = 3, y-axis
Answer: D
12
49) x = 6y2
1 1 1 1
A) ,0 ,x=- , x-axis B) , 0 , x = - , x-axis
24 24 6 6
1 1 1 1
C) 0, ,y=- , y-axis D) ,0 ,x= , x-axis
24 24 24 24
Answer: A
50) y2 = 8x
A) (2, 2), x = 2, x-axis B) (0, 2), y = -2, y-axis
C) (2, 0), x = -2, y-axis D) (2, 0), x = -2, x-axis
Answer: D
51) y2 = -24x
A) (6, 0), x = -6, x-axis B) (-6, 0), y = 6, y-axis
C) (-6, 0), x = 6, x-axis D) (0, -6), y = 6, y-axis
Answer: C
Write an equation for the parabola with vertex at the origin.

52) Focus (2, 0)
A) x2 = 8y B) y2 = 2x C) x2 = 2y D) y2 = 8x
Answer: D
1
53) Focus 0, -
17
4 1 4
A) x2 = - y B) y2 = x C) x2 = -68y D) y2 = - x
17 68 17
Answer: A
1
54) Focus ,0
5
5 2 5 2
A) x2 = 20y B) y2 = 20x C) y = x D) x = y
4 4
Answer: D
55) Focus (0, 5)

1 2 1 2
A) y2 = 20x B) y = x C) y = x D) y2 = 5x
5 20
Answer: C
Find an equation for the parabola with vertex at the origin.

56) Through (-4, 4), opening to the left
1 1 2 1 2
A) x = -4y2 B) y = x2 C) x = y D) x = - y
4 4 4
Answer: D
13
57) Through (9, 8), opening to the right
9 2 9 2 8 2 64 2
A) x = y B) x = - y C) y = x D) x = y
64 64 81 9
Answer: A
58) Through ( 6, 6), opening upward

6 2
A) x = y2 B) y = 6x2 C) y = x2 D) x = y
6
Answer: C
59) Through (5, -10), opening downward

2 2 5 2 2 2
A) y = - x2 B) x = - y2 C) y = - x D) y = x
5 5 2 5
Answer: A
60) Through ( 5, 15), opening upward

1
A) x2 = -12y B) x2 = y C) y2 = 12x D) y2 = 60x
3
Answer: B
61) Through (7, -7 7), symmetric with respect to the x-axis

1 2 7 2
A) x = 7y2 B) x = y C) y = - x D) x = 49y2
49 7
Answer: B
62) Through (9, 9), symmetric with respect to the y-axis

1 1
A) x = y2 B) y = x2 C) y = 9x2 D) x = -9y2
9 9
Answer: B
Find an equation of a parabola that satisfies the given conditions.

63) Vertex (6, 4), focus (6, 6)
A) y - 4 = 8(x - 6)2 B) (y - 4)2 = 8(x-6) C) 8(y - 4) = (x - 6)2 D) 2(y - 4) = (x - 6)2
Answer: C
64) Vertex (3, -10), focus (3, -8)

A) y - 10 = 8(x + 3)2 B) 8(y - 10) = (x + 3)2 C) (y + 10)2 = 8(x - 3) D) (x - 3)2 = 8(y + 10)
Answer: D
65) Vertex (8, -6), focus (11, -6)

(x - 8)2 (y + 6)2 3
A) x - 8 = 3(y + 6)2 B) (y + 6) = C) (x - 8) = D) (x - 8) = (y + 6)2
12 12 4
Answer: C
66) Vertex (6, -4), focus (6, 1)

A) 20(y - 4) = (x + 6)2 B) x + 6 = 20(y + 4)2 C) 20(y + 4) = (x - 6)2 D) y + 4 = 20(x + 6)2
Answer: C
14
67) Vertex (-4, -7), focus (-4, -13)
A) 24(y - 4) = (x - 7)2 B) 24(y - 7) = (x - 4)2
C) 52(y - 7) = -(x - 4)2 D) 24(y + 7) = -(x + 4)2
Answer: D
68) Focus (-2, 3), directrix x = -4

A) (x + 2)2 = 4(y - 3) B) (y - 3)2 = 4(x + 2) C) (x - 3)2 = 4(y + 3) D) (y - 3)2 = 4(x + 3)
Answer: D
69) Focus (10, 8), directrix y = -2

A) (x - 8)2 = 20(y - 3) B) (x - 10)2 = 20(y - 3) C) (y - 8)2 = 20(x - 10) D) (x - 10)2 = 20(y - 8)
Answer: B
70) Focus at (4, 0), directrix x = -4

A) 16x = y2 B) y2 = 16x C) 16y = x2 D) 16y2 = x
Answer: A
71) Horizontal axis; vertex (5, -3); passing through (0, 1)

16 16
A) (x + 5)2 = - (y - 3) B) (x - 5)2 = - (y + 3)
5 5
16 16
C) (y - 3)2 = - (x + 5) D) (y + 3)2 = - (x - 5)
5 5
Answer: D
For the given parabola, give the coordinates of the vertex, the axis, the domain, and the range.
72) y = (x + 2)2 - 7
A) vertex: (-7, -2); B) vertex: (2, -7); C) vertex: (-2, -7); D) vertex: (2, -7);
axis: y = -2; axis: x = -2; axis: x = -2; axis: x = 2;
domain: [-7, ∞); domain: (- ∞, ∞); domain: (- ∞, ∞); domain: (- ∞, ∞ );
range: (-∞ , ∞) range: (- ∞, ∞) range: [-7, ∞) range: [-7, ∞)
Answer: C
73) x = (y - 8)2 + 6
A) vertex: (-6, -8); B) vertex: (8, 6); C) vertex: (6, 8); D) vertex: (-6, 8);
axis: y = -8; axis: y = 6; axis: y = 8; axis: y = 8;
domain: [-6, ∞) domain: [8, ∞) domain: [6, ∞ ) domain: [-6, ∞)
range: (-∞ , ∞); range: (- ∞, ∞); range: (- ∞, ∞); range: (- ∞, ∞ );
Answer: C
74) x = (y - 2)2
A) vertex: (2, 0); B) vertex: (0, -2); C) vertex: (0, 2); D) vertex: (0, 2);
axis: x = 2; axis: y = -2; axis: x = 2; axis: y = 2;
domain: (-∞ , ∞); domain: [0, ∞); domain: (- ∞, ∞); domain: [0, ∞);
range: (-∞ , 0] range: (- ∞, ∞) range: [0, ∞ ) range: (- ∞, ∞ )
Answer: D
15
75) y = (x + 5)2 + 6
A) vertex: (-5, 6); B) vertex: (5, -6); C) vertex: (5, 6); D) vertex: (-5, -6);
axis: x = -5; axis: x = 5; axis: x = 5; axis: x = -5;
domain: (-∞ , ∞); domain: (- ∞, ∞); domain: (- ∞, ∞); domain: (- ∞, ∞ );
range: [6, ∞) range: [-6, ∞ ) range: [6, ∞ ) range: [-6, ∞)
Answer: A
1
76) y = - (x - 2)2 - 1
6
A) vertex: (2, -1); B) vertex: (-1, 2); C) vertex: (-2, -1); D) vertex: (2, -1);
axis: y = 2; axis: y = 2; axis: x = -2; axis: x = 2;
domain: (-∞ , ∞); domain: (- ∞, -1]; domain: (- ∞, ∞); domain: (- ∞, ∞ );
range: [-1, ∞) range: (- ∞, ∞) range: (- ∞, -1] range: (- ∞, -1]
Answer: D
77) x = 3(y + 8)2 - 2

A) vertex: (-2, -8); B) vertex: (8, -2); C) vertex: (-2, 8); D) vertex: (-2, -8);
axis: x = -2; axis: y = 8; axis: x = -2; axis: y = -8;
domain: (-∞ , ∞); domain: [-2, ∞ ); domain: (- ∞, ∞); domain: [-2, ∞);
range: (-∞ , -8] range: (- ∞, ∞) range: [8, ∞ ) range: (- ∞, ∞ )
Answer: D
78) y = x2 - 2x + 4
A) vertex: (-1, 3); B) vertex: (1, 3); C) vertex: (3, 1); D) vertex: (3, -1);
axis: x = -1; axis: x = 1; axis: y = 3; axis: y = 3;
domain: (-∞ , ∞); domain: (- ∞, ∞); domain: [1, ∞ ); domain: [-1, ∞);
range: [3, ∞) range: [3, ∞) range: (- ∞, ∞) range: (- ∞, ∞ )
Answer: B
79) y = x2 + 6x + 5
A) vertex: (-3, 4); B) vertex: (3, -4); C) vertex: (-3, -4); D) vertex: (-3, -4);
axis: x = -3; axis: x = 3; axis: x = -3; axis: x = -3;
range: [-∞ , 3] range: [-4, ∞ ) range: [-4, ∞) range: [- ∞, -4]
Answer: C
80) x = 2y2 + 16y + 34

A) vertex: (2, 4); B) vertex: (2, 4); C) vertex: (2, -4); D) vertex: (-2, -4);
axis: y = 4; axis: y = 4; axis: y = -4; axis: y = -4;
domain: [2, ∞); domain: (- ∞, 2]; domain: [2, ∞ ); domain: (- ∞, -2];
range: (-∞ , ∞) range: (- ∞, ∞) range: (- ∞, ∞) range: (- ∞, ∞ )
Answer: C
81) y = -3x2 + 30x - 77

A) vertex: (5, 2); B) vertex: (5, -2); C) vertex: (5, -2); D) vertex: (2, -5);
axis: x = 5; axis: x = 5; axis: x = 5; axis: x = 2;
range: (-∞ , 2] range: (- ∞, -2] range: [-2, ∞) range: [-5, ∞)
Answer: B
16
Graph the parabola.
82) y = (x - 4)2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: B
17
83) y = -5(x + 2)2 - 3
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: B
18
84) y = -3(x - 4)2 + 1
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: B
19
3
85) y = (x + 5)2 - 5
4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: B
20
86) y = x2 + 2x - 3
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: D
21
87) y = -x2 + 2x - 3
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: B
22
88) y = 2x2 + 3x - 9
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: D
23
89) y = -2x2 - 2x + 2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: D
24
90) (x - 1)2 = 4(y - 5)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
Answer: B
25
91) x = y2 - 4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: B
26
92) x = (y - 5)2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: D
27
93) x = y2 + 4y - 6
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
Answer: B
28
94) x = 3y2 - 7y - 2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 10 x
-5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10 -10
Answer: A
29
95) x = -3(y + 1)2 - 2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: C
30
2
96) x = (y + 2)2 - 1
3
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: C
31
97) (y - 5)2 = 4(x + 3)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
Answer: C
32
Solve the problem.
98)
86 ft
44 ft
A building has an entry the shape of a parabolic arch 86 ft high and 44 ft wide at the base. Find an equation for
the parabola if the vertex is put at the origin of the coordinate system.
A) y2 = -22.5x B) y2 = -5.6x C) x2 = -22.5y D) x2 = -5.6y
Answer: D
99)
16 m
1m
A radio telescope has a parabolic surface. If it is 1 m deep and 16 m wide, how far is the focus from the vertex?
A) 64 m B) 16 m C) 4 m D) 1 m
Answer: B
100)
20 m
12 m
A tunnel is in the shape of a parabola. The maximum height is 20 m and it is 12 m wide at the base. What is the
vertical clearance 3 m from the edge of the tunnel?
A) 5 m B) 18.8 m C) 1.2 m D) 15 m
Answer: D
101) A cross-section of an irrigation canal is a parabola. If the surface of the water is 47 ft wide and the canal is 45 ft
deep at the center, how deep is it 2 ft from the edge?
A) 37.7 ft B) 41.3 ft C) 7.3 ft D) 3.7 ft
Answer: C
102) A domed ceiling is a parabolic surface. For the best lighting on the floor, a light source is to be placed at the
focus of the surface. If 7 m down from the top of the dome the ceiling is 24 m wide, find the best location for the
light source.
A) 20.6 m down from the top B) 15.3 m down from the top
C) 10.2 m down from the top D) 5.1 m down from the top
Answer: D
33
Provide the proper response.
103) Find the center-radius form of the equation of the circle given that the endpoints of a diameter of the circle have
coordinates (-1, -5) and (6, 7).
5 2 5 2
A) x + + y + 1 2 = 29 B) x - + y - 1 2 = 193
2 2
7 2 5 2
C) x + + y + 6 2 = 193 D) x + + y - 1 2 = 169
2 2
Answer: B
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
104) Describe the graph of the equation (x - 2)2 + (y - 5)2 = 0.

Answer: It is the single point (2, 5).
105) Describe the graph of the equation (x - 4)2 + (y - 6)2 = -36.

Answer: This equation has no graph.
106) Is the graph of a circle the graph of a function? Explain your answer.
Answer: It is not a function since it does not pass the vertical line test.
107) Is the graph of a parabola with vertical axis the graph of a function? Explain your answer.
Answer: The graph of a parabola with vertical axis opens up or down. It is the graph of a function since it passes
the vertical line test.
108) For the graph of (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, in what quadrant is the center if h < 0 and k > 0?
A) II B) III C) I D) IV
Answer: A
1 2
109) For the graph of y = x , in what direction does the parabola open if c < 0?
4c
A) upward B) to the left C) downward D) to the right
Answer: C
1 2
110) For the graph of x = y , in what direction does the parabola open if c < 0?
4c
A) downward B) to the right C) upward D) to the left
Answer: D
111) Three receiving stations record the presence of an earthquake. The location of the receiving center and the
distance to the epicenter are contained in the following three equations.
(x - 3)2 + (y - 2)2 = 25,
(x + 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 16,
(x - 6)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9.
Determine the location of the earthquake epicenter.
Answer: The epicenter is at (3, -3).
34
112) Show analytically that if three receiving stations at (-2, -1), (1, 5), and (2, 2) record distances to an earthquake
epicenter of 6 units, 3 units, and 5 units, respectively, that the epicenter would lie at (-2, 5).
Answer: The point (-2, 5) lies on the circles (x + 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 36, (x - 1)2 + (y - 5)2 = 9, and (x - 2)2 + (y - 2)2 = 25.
Which equation matches the given calculator-generated graph and description? Decide without using your calculator.
113)
Ellipse; foci (±4, 0)

x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) + =1 D) + =1
10 6 9 25 25 9 5 3
Answer: C
114)
Ellipse; foci (0, ±4)

x2 y2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) + =1 D) - =1
25 9 10 6 25 9 25 9
Answer: C
115)
Hyperbola; foci (± 34, 0)

x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 y2 x2
A) + =1 B) - =1 C) - =1 D) - =1
9 25 9 25 25 9 9 25
Answer: B
35
116)
Center (0, 0); vertical transverse axis

x2 y2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2
A) + =1 B) - =1 C) - =1 D) + =1
9 25 9 25 25 9 9 25
Answer: B
117)
Ellipse; center (1, -3)

(x + 1)2 (y - 3)2 (x - 1)2 (y + 3)2
A) + =1 B) + =1
4 16 16 4
(x - 1) 2 (y + 3)2 (x + 1)2 (y - 3)2
C) + =1 D) + =1
4 16 16 4
Answer: B
118)
Horizontal major axis; center (-1, 3)

(x + 1)2 (y - 3)2 (x + 1)2 (y - 3)2
A) + =1 B) + =1
16 4 4 16
(x - 1) 2 (y + 3)2 (x - 1)2 (y + 3)2
C) + =1 D) + =1
4 16 16 4
Answer: A
36
119)
Hyperbola; center (1, -3)

(x - 1) 2 (y + 3)2 (x - 1)2 (y + 3)2
A) - =1 B) - =1
16 4 4 16
(x + 3)2 (x - 1)2 (y + 3)2 (x - 1)2
C) - =1 D) - =1
16 4 4 16
Answer: D
120)
Hyperbola; center (-1, 3)

(x - 1) 2 (y - 3)2 (y - 3)2 (x + 1)2
A) - =1 B) - =1
16 4 4 16
(y - 3)2 (x + 1)2 (x - 3)2 (x + 1)2
C) - =1 D) - =1
16 4 16 4
Answer: B
37
Graph the ellipse.
x2 y2
121) + =1
36 4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: A
38
(x + 1)2 (y - 5)2
122) + =1
4 25
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: B
39
123) 4(x - 6)2 + 9(y - 4)2 = 36
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: A
40
124) 4x2 + 25y2 = 100
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: A
41
125) 9x2 + y2 = 9
y
20
16
12
8
4
-20 -16 -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 16 20 x

-4
-8
-12
-16
-20
A) B)
y y
20 20
16 16
12 12
8 8
4 4
-20 -16 -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 16 20 x -20 -16 -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 16 20 x

-4 -4
-8 -8
-12 -12
-16 -16
-20 -20
Answer: B
42
(x- 4)2 (y + 6)2
126) + =1
36 9
y
20
16
12
8
4
-20 -16 -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 16 20 x

-4
-8
-12
-16
-20
A) B)
y y
20 20
16 16
12 12
8 8
4 4
-20 -16 -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 16 20 x -20 -16 -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 16 20 x

-4 -4
-8 -8
-12 -12
-16 -16
-20 -20
Answer: A
43
127) 49(x + 4)2 + 4(y - 8)2 = 196
y
20
16
12
8
4
-20 -16 -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 16 20 x

-4
-8
-12
-16
-20
A) B)
y y
20 20
16 16
12 12
8 8
4 4
-20 -16 -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 16 20 x -20 -16 -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 16 20 x

-4 -4
-8 -8
-12 -12
-16 -16
-20 -20
Answer: A
Find an equation of the ellipse.

128) An ellipse with x-intercepts ±9 and y-intercepts ±2, center at origin
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) + =1 D) + =1
9 2 81 4 2 9 4 81
Answer: B
129) An ellipse with center at origin, length of major axis 6 and y-intercepts ±2
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) + =1 D) + =1
2 3 3 2 4 9 9 4
Answer: D
130) An ellipse with endpoints of major axis at (0, 9), (0, -9); c = 5
y2 x2 y2 x2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) + =1 D) + =1
56 81 25 81 25 81 56 81
Answer: D
131) An ellipse with x-intercepts ±7; foci at (-4, 0) and (4, 0)

x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) + =1 D) + =1
33 33 33 49 33 65 49 33
Answer: D
44
132) An ellipse with y-intercepts ±5; foci at (0, 2 5) and (0, -2 5).
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) + =1 D) + =1
25 5 20 25 5 25 5 45
Answer: C
133) An ellipse with foci at (-3, 0) and (-3, -6); major axis length of 10
(y + 3)2 (x + 3)2 (x + 3)2 (y - 3)2
A) + =1 B) + =1
25 16 16 25
(y + 3)2 (x - 3)2 (x + 3)2 (y - 3)2
C) + =1 D) + =1
25 16 25 16
Answer: A
134) An ellipse with foci at (1, -1) and (7, -1); major axis length of 10
(x - 1)2 (x + 4)2 (y + 1)2 (x - 4)2
A) + =1 B) + =1
25 16 25 16
(x + 1)2 (y + 4)2 (x - 4)2 (y + 1)2
C) + =1 D) + =1
25 16 25 16
Answer: D
135) An ellipse with major axis from (-6, 1) to (0, 1); minor axis from (-3, -1) to (-3, 3)
(x - 1)2 (y + 3)2 (x + 3)2 (y - 1)2
A) + =1 B) + =1
9 4 9 4
(x - 3)2 (y - 2)2 (x - 3)2 (y + 1)2
C) + =1 D) + =1
9 4 9 4
Answer: B
136) An ellipse with center at (6, 2), a = 7, b = 4, and major axis vertical
(x - 6)2 (y - 2)2 (x - 2)2 (y - 6)2
A) + =1 B) + =1
49 16 49 16
(y - 2)2 (x - 6)2 (y + 2)2 (x + 6)2
C) + =1 D) + =1
49 16 49 16
Answer: C
137) An ellipse with center at (6, 2), a = 7, b = 4, and major axis horizontal
(y + 2)2 (x + 6)2 (y - 2)2 (x - 6)2
A) + =1 B) + =1
49 16 49 16
(x - 6)2 (y - 2)2 (x + 6)2 (y + 2)2
C) + =1 D) + =1
49 16 49 16
Answer: C
Graph the hyperbola.
45
y2 x2
138) - =1
64 36
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: D
46
x2 y2
139) - =1
25 36
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: B
47
(x + 1)2 (y - 4)2
140) - =1
36 25
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: A
48
(y - 1)2 (x + 2)2
141) - =1
4 9
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: D
49
142) 16y2 - 9x2 = 144
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: A
50
143) 16x2 - 4y2 = 64
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: C
51
x2 y2
144) - =1
9 16
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: A
52
145) 4(x - 5)2 - (y + 4)2 = 1
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Answer: C
Find an equation of the hyperbola.

146) Vertices at (7, 0), (-7, 0); foci at (11, 0), (-11, 0)
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) - =1 B) - =1 C) - =1 D) - =1
49 121 121 49 72 49 49 72
Answer: D
147) Vertices at (0, 3), (0, -3); foci at (0, 9), (0, -9)
y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2
A) - =1 B) - =1 C) - =1 D) - =1
9 72 9 81 81 9 72 9
Answer: A
53
148) Foci at (7, 0), (-7, 0); transverse axis with length 10
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) - =1 B) - =1 C) - =1 D) - =1
49 25 24 25 25 49 25 24
Answer: D
1
149) Vertices at (0, 6), (0, -6); asymptotes at y = ± x
3
y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2
A) - =1 B) - =1 C) - =1 D) - =1
36 324 324 36 81 9 36 81
Answer: A
150) Foci at (0, 7), (0, -7); a transverse axis with length 8
y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2
A) - =1 B) - =1 C) - =1 D) - =1
16 49 16 33 49 64 64 49
Answer: B
151) Vertices at (1, -3) and (9, -3), passing through the point with coordinates (-5, 16)
(x - 5)2 (y + 3)2 (x - 5)2 (y + 3)2
A) - =1 B) - =1
1444 16 16 1444
21 21
(x - 5)2 (y + 3)2 (x - 5)2 (y + 3)2

C) - =1 D) - =1
1780 16 16 1780
21 21
Answer: B
152) x-intercept 5; center at origin; passing through (5 5, 6)

y2 x2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) - =1 B) - =1 C) - =1 D) - =1
9 25 25 9 9 25 25 36
Answer: B
Write the equation in standard form for an ellipse or a hyperbola centered at (h, k).
153) 8x2 + 7y2 - 56 = 0
(x - 0) 2 (y - 0)2 (x - 0)2 (y - 0)2
A) + =1 B) - =1
7 8 8 7
(x - 0) 2 (y - 0)2 (x - 0)2 (y - 0)2
C) - =1 D) + =1
7 8 8 7
Answer: A
154) 9x2 + 6y2 + 36x - 18 = 0

(x - 0) 2 (y - 2)2 (x - 0)2 (y - 2)2
A) + =1 B) + =1
6 9 9 6
(x + 2)2 (y - 0)2 (x + 2)2 (y - 0)2
C) + =1 D) + =1
9 6 6 9
Answer: D
54
155) 5x2 + 7y2 + 28y - 7 = 0
(x + 2)2 (y - 0)2 (x - 0)2 (y + 2)2
A) + =1 B) + =1
7 5 7 5
(x - 0)2 (y + 2)2 (x + 2)2 (y - 0)2
C) + =1 D) + =1
5 7 5 7
Answer: B
156) 7x2 - 5y2 - 14x + 30y - 73 = 0

(x + 1)2 (y - 3)2 (x - 1)2 (y - 3)2
A) - =1 B) - =1
5 7 5 7
(x + 1)2 (y + 3)2 (x - 1)2 (y + 3)2
C) - =1 D) - =1
5 7 5 7
Answer: B
157) 20x2 - 180x + 16y2 + 32y + 401 = 0

9 2 2 2 2 2 9 2
(x - ) (y + ) (x - ) (y + )
2 2 2 2
A) + =1 B) + =1
1 5 5 1
4 4
9 2 2 2 9 2 2 2
(x - ) (y - ) (x - ) (y + )
2 2 2 2
C) + =1 D) + =1
1 4 4 1
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

158) An elliptical riding path is to be built on a rectangular piece of property that measures 6 mi by 4 mi. Find an
equation for the ellipse if the path is to touch the center of the property line on all 4 sides
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) + =1 D) + =1
4 9 9 4 36 4 4 36
Answer: A
55
159) A railroad tunnel is shaped like a semi-ellipse. The height of the tunnel at the center is 72 ft and the vertical
clearance must be 24 ft at a point 12 ft from the center. Find an equation for the ellipse.
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) + =1 D) + =1
144 5184 162 5184 162 576 5184 162
Answer: B
160) A satellite is to be put into an elliptical orbit around a moon. The moon is a sphere with radius of 394 km.
Determine an equation for the ellipse if the distance of the satellite from the surface of the moon varies from 920
km to 879 km.
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) + =1 D) + =1
920 879 13142 12732 879 920 12732 13142
Answer: D
161) A rectangular board is 4 by 12 units. How far from the long side of the board will the foci be located to
determine the largest elliptical tabletop?
A) 2.0 B) 5.7 C) 4.0 D) 0.3
Answer: D
162) A rectangular board is 11 by 16 units. The foci of an ellipse are located to produce the largest area. A string is
connected to the foci and pulled taut by a pencil in order to draw the ellipse. Find the length of the string.
A) 22 B) 16 C) 11 D) 32
Answer: B
163) A rectangular board is 2 by 8. How far from the center of the board will the foci be located to determine the
largest elliptical tabletop? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
A) 3.9 B) 3.0 C) 1.0 D) .1
Answer: A
56
Solve.
164) The roof of a building is in the shape of the hyperbola y2 - x2 = 65, where x and y are in meters. Refer to the
figure and determine the height h of the outside walls.
A=8 m
A) 11.4 m B) 57 m C) 129 m D) -1 m
Answer: A
165) The roof of a building is in the shape of the hyperbola y2 - x2 = 27, where x and y are in meters. Determine the
distance, w, between the outside walls.
A=7 m
A) 9.4 m B) 4.7 m C) 22 m D) 8.7 m

Answer: A
x2 y2
166) A comet follows the hyperbolic path described by - = 1, where x and y are in millions of miles. If the sun
13 22
is the focus of the path, how close to the sun is the vertex of the path?
A) 35 million mi B) 7.5 million mi C) 3.6 million mi D) 2.3 million mi

Answer: D
57
167) The roof of a building is in the shape of the hyperbola 6y2 - x2 = 72, where x and y are in meters. Refer to the
figure and determine the height, h, of the outside walls.
A=8 m
A) 136 m B) 11.7 m C) 4.8 m D) 22.7 m

Answer: C
168) The roof of a building is in the shape of the hyperbola y2 - 8x2 = 12, where x and y are in meters. Refer to the
figure and determine the height, h, of the outside walls.
A=9 m
A) 660 m B) 89 m C) 25.7 m D) 9.4 m

Answer: C
169) A nuclear cooling tower cross section is a hyperbola having a diameter of 62 ft at the center. The distance
between the two foci is 98 ft. What is the equation for the hyperbola?
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) - =1 B) - =5 C) - =1 D) - =1
961 1442 961 1440 961 2401 961 1440
Answer: D
170) For a hyperbolic mirror the two foci are 42 cm apart. The distance of the vertex from one focus is 7 cm and from
the other focus is 35 cm. Position a coordinate system with the origin at the center of the hyperbola and with the
foci on the y-axis. Find the equation of the hyperbola.
y2 x2 y2 x2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) - =1 B) - =5 C) - =5 D) - =1
196 245 196 245 196 245 196 245
Answer: A
58
Provide the proper response.
171) If an ellipse has vertices at (-7, 0), (7, 0), (0, 1), and (0, -1), what is its domain? What is its range?
A) Domain: [-7, 7]; Range: [-1, 1] B) Domain: [0, 7]; Range: [0, 1]
C) Domain: [-7, 1]; Range: [-1, 7] D) Domain: [-1, 1]; Range: [-7, 7]
Answer: A
(y + 8)2 (x - 1)2
172) In the ellipse + = 1, what is the equation of the horizontal axis of symmetry? The vertical axis of
36 16
symmetry?
A) Horizontal: y = 1; Vertical: x = -8 B) Horizontal: y = -8; Vertical: x = 1
C) Horizontal: y = 8; Vertical: x = 1 D) Horizontal: y = 8; Vertical: x = -1
Answer: B
173) Explain why the graph of a hyperbola does not satisfy the conditions for the graph of a function.
Answer: The graph of a hyperbola does not satisfy the vertical line test.
174) Discuss the symmetries exhibited by an ellipse centered at the origin.

Answer: An ellipse centered at the origin is symmetric with respect to the x-axis, the y-axis, and the origin.
x2 y2
175) Discuss the graph of the equation + = 1 if a = b.
a 2 b2
Answer: If a = b, the graph of the equation is a circle, a special case of an ellipse.
x2 y2
176) To graph - = 1 on a graphics calculator, we must consider the union of the graphs of the two functions,
16 36
x2 x2 x2 x2
y1 = 6 - 1 and y2 = -6 - 1. Using the graph of y = - 1, explain (a) how the solution set of -1≥ 0
16 16 16 16
can be determined graphically and (b) how it relates to the domain of the hyperbola.
x2
Answer: The graph of y = - 1 lies above or on the x-axis in (-∞, -4] ∪ [4, ∞). This set is the same as the domain of
16
the given hyperbola.
59
177) It can be shown that an ellipse with foci (c, 0) and (-c, 0) where the sum of the distances from any point (x, y) of
x2 y2
the ellipse to the two foci is 2a has equation + = 1. Use this result to find an equation of an ellipse
a 2 a 2 - c2
with foci (2, 0) and (-2, 0), where the sum of the distances from any point of the ellipse to the two foci is 10.
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) x2 + y2 = 100 D) + =1
-2 23 -2 100 25 21
Answer: D
178) It can be shown that a hyperbola with center at the origin, foci at F'(-c, 0) and F(c, 0), and equation
x2 y2
d(P, F') - d(P, F) = 2a has equation - = 1. Use this result to find an equation of a hyperbola with center at
a 2 b2
the origin, foci at (-8, 0) and (8, 0), and absolute value of the distances from any point of the hyperbola to the two
foci equal to 8.
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) - =1 B) - =1 C) x2 - y2 = 8 D) - =1
64 80 16 48 64 8
Answer: B
Identify the equation as a parabola, circle, ellipse, or hyperbola.

179) x2 + y2 = 16
A) Ellipse B) Hyperbola C) Parabola D) Circle
Answer: D
180) 9x2 + 4y2 = 36

A) Hyperbola B) Parabola C) Circle D) Ellipse
Answer: D
181) 5x2 - y = 10
A) Circle B) Hyperbola C) Ellipse D) Parabola
Answer: D
182) x2 - y2 = 25
A) Circle B) Ellipse C) Parabola D) Hyperbola
Answer: D
183) y2 = 49 - x2
A) Circle B) Hyperbola C) Parabola D) Ellipse
Answer: A
184) 9x2 = 4y2 + 36

A) Ellipse B) Circle C) Hyperbola D) Parabola
Answer: C
185) 2x = 2y2 - 30
A) Ellipse B) Parabola C) Hyperbola D) Circle
Answer: B
60
186) 4x2 = 36 - 4y2
A) Circle B) Ellipse C) Parabola D) Hyperbola
Answer: A
187) 12y = 3(x + 8)2

A) Hyperbola B) Ellipse C) Circle D) Parabola
Answer: D
188) (x - 2)2 = 16 - y2
A) Hyperbola B) Ellipse C) Circle D) Parabola
Answer: C
Identify the type of graph.

x2 y2
189) =1-
9 5
A) The graph is an ellipse with foci on the y-axis.
B) The graph is a hyperbola with foci on the x-axis.
C) The graph is a hyperbola with foci on the y-axis.
D) The graph is an ellipse with foci on the x-axis.
Answer: D
x2 y2
190) =1+
7 1
A) The graph is a hyperbola that opens upward and downward.
B) The graph is a hyperbola that opens to the right and left.
C) The graph is an ellipse with foci on the x-axis.
D) The graph is an ellipse with foci on the y-axis.
Answer: B
x2 y2
191) + =1
49 49
A) The graph is a circle with center at (0, 0) . B) The graph is a circle with center at (49, 49) .
C) The graph is an ellipse with foci on the x-axis . D) The graph is a circle with center at (7, 7) .
Answer: A
(x - 7)2 (y - 5)2
192) + =0
2 8
A) The graph is an ellipse with center at (-7, -5). B) The graph is an ellipse with center at (7, 5).
C) The graph is the point (7, 5). D) The graph is a hyperbola opening right and left.
Answer: C
193) (x + 6)2 + (y - 4)2 + 14 = 0

A) The graph is an ellipse with center (6, -4). B) The graph is a circle with center (-6, 4).
C) The graph is the point (-6, 4). D) The equation has no graph.
Answer: D
61
194) 2x2 + 12x + 2y2 - 36y = -179
A) The graph is a circle with center (-3, 9) B) The graph is a circle with center (3, -9)
C) The equation has no graph. D) The graph is the point (-3, 9).
Answer: A
195) x2 - 4x + y = 0
A) The graph is a parabola opening downward. B) The graph is an ellipse with center (0, 4).
C) The equation has no graph. D) The graph is a parabola opening upward.
Answer: A
196) 4x2 - 8x + 3y2 + 18y - 23 = 0

A) The graph is the point (-1, 3). B) The graph is an ellipse with center (1, -3).
C) The graph is a circle with center (1, -3). D) The equation has no graph.
Answer: B
197) -x2 - 4x + 6y2 + 12y = 44

1 1
A) The graph is a circle with center ,- .
2 3
B) The graph is a hyperbola opening to the right and left.
1 1
C) The graph is an ellipse with center - , .
2 3
D) The equation has no graph.
Answer: B
198) -5x2 + 40x + 4y2 - 40y - 80 = -100

A) The graph is a circle with center (4, 5).
B) The equation has no graph.
C) The graph is a hyperbola opening upward and downward.
D) The graph is the point (4, 5).
Answer: D
Find the eccentricity of the ellipse or hyperbola.

199) x2 + 2y2 = 6
6 2
A) 6 B) 2 C) D)
2 2
Answer: D
200) x2 - y2 = 49
A) 7 B) 1 C) 2 D) 0
Answer: C
201) x2 - 2y2 = 6
6 2
A) B) C) 6 D) 2
2 2
Answer: A
62
202) 8x2 - 9y2 = 72
17 3 13 1
A) B) C) D)
3 2 3 2
Answer: A
203) 4x2 + y2 = 36
3 5
A) 3 B) C) 5 D)
2 2
Answer: B
204) x2 + 4y2 = 36
5 3
A) B) 3 C) 5 D)
2 2
Answer: D
205) 16x2 - y2 = 1
17
A) B) 17 C) 4 D) 17
4
Answer: B
206) x2 - 16y 2 = 1
17
A) 17 B) 4 C) 17 D)
4
Answer: D
207) x2 + 25y 2 = 25
2 6 26
A) B) 26 C) 2 6 D)
5 5
Answer: A
208) x2 - 25y 2 = 25
2 6 26
A) 26 B) C) 2 6 D)
5 5
Answer: D
Find an equation for the conic. If the conic is a parabola, assume that the vertex is at the origin. If the conic is an ellipse or
hyperbola, assume that it is centered at the origin.
209) Focus at (8, 0) and e = 1
A) 32y = x2 B) 8x = y2 C) 8y = x2 D) 32x = y2
Answer: D
210) Focus at (0, -6) and e = 1

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
A) y = x B) x = - y C) y = - x D) y = - x
24 24 24 6
Answer: C
63
1
211) Focus at (2, 0) and e =
2
x2 y2 x2 x2 y2 y2 x2
A) + =1 B) + y2 = 1 C) + =1 D) + =1
16 12 4 4 3 16 12
Answer: A
1
212) Vertex at (0, -3) and e =
3
y2 x2 y2 x2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) - =1 B) + =1 C) - =1 D) + =1
9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8
Answer: B
213) Vertex at (0, -8) and e = 2

y2 x2 x2 y2 y2 x2 y2 x2
A) - =1 B) - =1 C) - =1 D) + =1
64 64 64 192 64 192 64 192
Answer: C
3
214) Focus at (3, 0) and e =
2
y2 x2 y2 x2 x2 y2 x2 y2
A) + =1 B) - =1 C) - =1 D) + =1
4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5
Answer: C
2
215) Vertical major axis of length 8 and e =
5
y2 25x2 x2 25y2 x2 25y2 y2 25x2
A) + =1 B) + =1 C) + =1 D) + =1
16 336 64 1344 16 336 64 1344
Answer: A
Find the eccentricity of the conic section shown in the graph.

1
216) x=-
2
y
(2, 2)
2
(.5, 0)
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-4
1
A) e = 3 B) e = C) e = 1 D) e = 2
2
Answer: C
64
217) x = -4 3
y
10
5
(5.2, 3)
(6.9, 2)
(0.1, 0)
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
4 3 3
A) e = 1 B) e = C) e = 3 D) e =
3 4
Answer: A
218) x = -21
y
20
(3, 1.7)
-20 (5, 0) 20 x
-20
29 21 5
A) e = 1 B) e = C) e = D) e =
5 5 2
Answer: C
219)
y
16
8
(0, 4)
-16 -8 8 16 x
(.24, -4)
-8
-16
y = -17
4 17
A) e = B) e = 4 C) e = D) e = 1
17 4
Answer: C
65
220)
y
12 2
y= x
5
6
(9.01, 1)
-12 -6 6 12 x
-6
-12
21 29 29
A) e = B) e = C) e = 1 D) e =
5 5 2
Answer: B
221)
y
Point A: (-9, 0)
40
Point B: ( 85, 0)
9 13
Point C: ,3
2
C
A
-40 B 40 x
-40
9 85 85 77
A) e = B) e = C) e = D) e =
85 81 9 9
Answer: C
Solve the problem.

x2 y2
222) Suppose that the orbit of a particular planet around the sun is an ellipse with equation + = 1, where x
6561 6084
and y are measured in millions of miles. Find the eccentricity of this ellipse. (Round to the nearest thousandth.)
A) 0.270 B) 1.078 C) 5.889 D) 0.927
Answer: A
223) The maximum velocity in kilometers per second of a planet moving in an elliptical orbit can be calculated with
2πa 1 + e
the equation vmax = , where a is in kilometers, P is its orbital period in seconds, and e is the
P 1-e
eccentricity of the orbit. Calculate the maximum velocity for Planet X if its orbital period is equivalent to 823
Earth days, a = 1.235 x 109 km and e = 0.6365. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
A) vmax = 51.4 km per sec B) vmax = 231.5 km per sec
C) vmax = 491.3 km per sec D) vmax = 20,005,638.7 km per sec
Answer: B
66
Provide an appropriate response.

224) Suppose that A = 0 in the equation Ax2 + Bx + Cy 2 + Dy + E = 0. What kind of graph does this equation have?
Answer: The equation is the graph of a parabola.
225) Explain in your own words how you can tell from the equation whether the branches of a hyperbola open up
and down or left and right.
Answer: The branches open left and right if x2 has a positive coefficient and y2 has a negative coefficient. They
open up and down if y2 has a positive coefficient and x2 has a negative coefficient.
226) Explain in your own words how you can tell from the equation whether a parabola opens up or down or
whether it opens left or right.
Answer: The parabola opens up or down if there is an x2 -term (y is not squared). It opens left or right if there is a
y2 -term (x is not squared).
227) Explain in your own words how you can tell from the equation whether the graph is an ellipse or a hyperbola.
Answer: In the equation of an ellipse, the x2- and y2 -terms both have positive coefficients. In the equation of a
hyperbola, one squared term has a negative coefficient (either x2 or y2 but not both).
228) Explain in your own words how you can tell from the equation whether the graph is a circle or an ellipse.
Answer: In the equation of a circle, the x2 - and y2-terms have the same positive coefficient. In the equation of an
ellipse, the x 2 - and y2 -terms have different positive coefficients.
229) True or False? A parabola has eccentricity 1.

A) False B) True
Answer: B
230) True or False? An ellipse has eccentricity between 0 and 1.

A) False B) True
Answer: B
231) True or False? A hyperbola has eccentricity greater than 1.

A) True B) False
Answer: A
67
Graph the pair of parametric equations by hand, using values of t in [-2,2]. Make a table of t-, x-, and y-values, using t =
-2, -1, 0, 1, and 2. Then plot the points and join them with a line or smooth curve for all values of t in [-2,2]. Do not use a
calculator.
232) x = 2t + 2, y = t - 1
10 y
t x y
-2
-1
0 5
1
2
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
Answer:
10 y
t x y
-2 -2 -3
-1 0 -2
0 2 -1 5
1 4 0
2 6 1
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
68
233) x = -t + 1, y = 3t + 3
10 y
t x y
-2
-1
0 5
1
2
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
Answer:
10 y
t x y
-2 3 -3
-1 2 0
0 1 3 5
1 0 6
2 -1 9
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
69
234) x = t - 1, y = t2 - 2
10 y
t x y
-2
-1
0 5
1
2
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
Answer:
10 y
t x y
-2 -3 2
-1 -2 -1
0 -1 -2 5
1 0 -1
2 1 2
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
70
235) x = t2 - 3, y = -t - 1
10 y
t x y
-2
-1
0 5
1
2
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
Answer:
y
10
t x y
-2 1 1
-1 -2 0
5
0 -3 -1
1 -2 -2
2 1 -3
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
71
236) x = -t2 - 3, y = t + 3
10 y
t x y
-2
-1
0 5
1
2
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
Answer:
10 y
t x y
-2 -7 1
-1 -4 2
0 -3 3 5
1 -4 4
2 -7 5
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
For the parametric equations given, use a graphing calculator to generate the curve over the stated interval for the
parameter t. Use the window specified. Also, find a rectangular equation for the curve.
237) x = 2t, y = t + 3, for t in [-2, 3]
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
72
A) B)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
The rectangular equation for the curve is The rectangular equation for the curve is
y = x2 + 1, for x in [-2, 2]. 1
y = x + 3, for x in [-4, 6].
2
C) D)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
1 y = -2x + 3, for x in [-6,4].
y = x - 3, for x in [-4, 6].
2
Answer: B
73
238) x = 2t - 1, y = t2 + 6, for t in [-4, 4]
y
50
-10 10 x
A) B)
y y
50 50
-10 10 x -10 10 x
1 1 1 25
y = - x + 30, for x in [-6, 4]. y = x2 + x + , for x in [-9, 7].
2 4 2 4
C) D)
y y
50 50
-10 10 x -10 10 x
y = x2 + 1, for x in [-2, 2]. 1
y = x2 + 1, for x in [-6, 4].
2
Answer: B
74
239) x = t2 , y = t + 5, for t in [0, 4]
y
10
20 x
A) B)
y y
10 10
20 x 20 x
1 4
y = x + 2, for x in [0,16]. y = x+ 5, for x in [0,16].
8
C) D)
y y
10 10
20 x 20 x
y = x2 + 2, for x in [0,2]. y = x + 2, for x in [0,16].
Answer: B
75
240) x = t3 + 1, y = t3 - 1, for t in [-2, 2]
y
-30 30 x
-40
A) B)
y y
-30 30 x -30 30 x
-40 -40
y = - x2 , for x in [-4, 4]. y = x3 , for x in [-3, 1].
C) D)
y y
-30 30 x -30 30 x
-40 -40
y = x - 2, for x in [-7, 9]. y = - x - 2, for x in [-7, 9].
Answer: C
241) x = t, y = 2t + 3, for t in [0, 4]
20
5 x
76
A) B)
y y
20 20
5 x 5 x
y = 2x2 + 3, for x in [0, 2]. y = -3x + 17, for x in [0, 2].
C) D)
y y
20 20
5 x 5 x
y = 3x2 + 2, for x in [-1, 2]. y = -3x2 + 17, for x in [0, 2].
Answer: A
77
242) x = ln(t - 3), y = 3t + 1, for t in (3, 10]
y
50
-10 10 x
A) B)
y y
50 50
-10 10 x -10 10 x
y = 3ex - 10, for x in [-∞ , ln 7]. y = 3ex + 3, for x in [- ∞, ln 3].
C) D)
y y
50 50
-10 10 x -10 10 x
y = ex + 10, for x in [- ∞, ln 7]. y = 3ex + 10, for x in [- ∞, ln 7].
Answer: D
Find a rectangular equation for the plane curve defined by the parametric equations.
243) x = 3t, y = t + 7, for t in (- ∞, ∞)
x x
A) y = - 7 B) y = + 7 C) y = 3x - 7 D) y = 3x + 7
3 3
Answer: B
244) x = t, y = 2t + 5, for t in (0, ∞)

A) y = 2x2 + 5, x in (0, ∞) B) y = 2 x - 5, x in (0, ∞)
C) y = 2x2 - 5, x in (0, ∞) D) y = 2 x + 5, x in (0, ∞)
Answer: A
78
245) x = t + 4, y = t2 , for t in (- ∞, ∞)
A) y = x2 + 16 B) y = x+x+4 C) y = x-4 D) y = x2 - 8x + 16
Answer: D
246) x = t - 3, y = t2 + 5, for t in (- ∞, ∞)
A) y = x2 - 14 B) y = x2 + 14 C) y = x2 - 6x - 14 D) y = x2 + 6x + 14
Answer: D
247) x = ln t, y = t, for t in (0, ∞ )

A) y = ln x B) x = ey C) ex = ln y D) y = ex
Answer: D
248) x = et, y = e2t, for t in (- ∞, ∞ )

A) y = 2 x B) x = ln y C) y = x2 D) y = ln x
Answer: C
249) x = 3t3 , y = 5t2 , for t in (- ∞, ∞)

5 2/3 x 2/3 x 3/2
A) y = 15x6 B) y = x C) y = 5 D) y = 5
3 3 3
Answer: C
1 t
250) x = ,y= , for t in (5, ∞)
t-5 t-5
x
A) y = , x in (0, ∞) B) y = 1 - 5x2 , x in (0, ∞)
2
x -5
C) y = 1 + 5x2, x in (0, ∞ ) D) y = 5 + x2 , x in (0, ∞)
Answer: C
Give two parametric representations for the plane curve.

251) y = 9x - 7
Answer: Answers will vary. Two possible representations are as follows:
1
x = t, y = t - 7;
9
t-7
x= , y = t - 14
9
5
252) y = 3x + 5, x in - ,∞
3
t-5
x= t, y = t, t in [0, ∞ )
3
1
x= t, y = t + 5, t in [5, ∞)
3
79
7
253) y = x+9
4
x =4t, y = 7t + 9;
99
x = 4t + 9; y = 7t +
4
1
254) x = , y ≠ -3
3
y + 27
Answer: Answers will vary. One possible representation is as follows:
1
x= , y = t, t ≠ -3
3
t + 27
Solve.
2 2
255) The motion of a projectile that is fired at a 45° angle with the horizontal is given by x = v0 t, y = v0 t - 16t2 ,
2 2
for t in [0, k]. Suppose a projectile is fired with an initial velocity of 450 feet per second at an angle of 45° with
the horizontal. Find (a) the time when it strikes the ground and (b) the range (horizontal distance covered).
A) (a) 39.8 seconds B) (a) 39.8 seconds C) (a) 19.9 seconds D) (a) 9.9 seconds
(b) 12,656 feet (b) 1582 feet (b) 6328 feet (b) 1582 feet
Answer: C
2 2
256) The motion of a projectile that is fired at a 45° angle with the horizontal is given by x = v0 t, y = v0 t - 16t2 ,
2 2
for t in [0, k]. Suppose a projectile is fired with an initial velocity of 450 feet per second at an angle of 45° with
the horizontal. Find (a) the time when it reaches maximum altitude (b) the maximum altitude.
(b) 6328 feet (b) 3164 feet (b) 1582 feet (b) 1582 feet
Answer: D
3 v0
257) The motion of a projectile that is fired at a 30° angle with the horizontal is given by x = v0 t, y = t - 16t2 ,
2 2
for t in [0, ∞). Suppose a projectile is fired with an initial velocity of 750 feet per second at an angle of 30° with
(b) 15,223 feet (b) 7612 feet (b) 15,223 feet (b) 30,446 feet
Answer: A
3 v0
258) The motion of a projectile that is fired at a 30° angle with the horizontal is given by x = v0 t, y = t - 16t2 ,
2 2
(b) 14,854 feet (b) 3301 feet (b) 1650 feet (b) 11,434 feet
Answer: C
80
v0 3
259) The motion of a projectile that is fired at a 60° angle with the horizontal is given by x = t, y = v0 t - 16t2 ,
2 2
(b) 11,434 feet (b) 14,854 feet (b) 1650 feet (b) 11,434 feet
Answer: D
v0 3
260) The motion of a projectile that is fired at a 60° angle with the horizontal is given by x = t, y = v0 t - 16t2 ,
2 2
(b) 17,578 feet (b) 6766 feet (b) 2930 feet (b) 977 feet
Answer: C
81
261) A projectile moves so that its position at any time t is given by the equations x = 64t and y = 128t - 16t2 for t in [0,
8]. Graph the path of the projectile and find the equivalent rectangular equation. Use the window [0, 700] by [0,
400].
y
400
300
200
100
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 x
A) B)
y y
400 400
300 300
200 200
100 100
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 x 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 x
1 2 1 2
y = 0.0x - x y = 2x - x
26 128
C) D)
y y
400 400
300 300
200 200
100 100
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 x 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 x
1 2 1 2
y = 2x - x y = 2x - x
128 256
Answer: D
82
262) A projectile moves so that its position at any time t is given by the equations x = 24t and y = 192t - 16t2 for t in [0,
12]. Graph the path of the projectile and find the equivalent rectangular equation. Use the window [0, 700] by
[0, 800].
y
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 x
A) B)
y y
800 800
700 700
600 600
500 500
400 400
300 300
200 200
100 100
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 x 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 x
1 2 1 2
y = 8x - x y = 3x - x
36 187
C) D)
y y
800 800
700 700
600 600
500 500
400 400
300 300
200 200
100 100
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 x 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 x
1 2 1 2
y = 3x - x y = 8x - x
139 26
Answer: A
83
263) A projectile moves so that its position at any time t is given by the equations x = t2 and y = -16t + 34 t for t in [0,
5]. Graph the path of the projectile and find the equivalent rectangular equation. Use the window [0, 25] by [0,
30].
y
30
25
20
15
10
5
5 10 15 20 25 x
A) B)
y y
30 30
25 25
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
5 10 15 20 25 x 5 10 15 20 25 x
y = -16x + 34 x 4
y = -16 x + 34 x
C) D)
y y
30 30
25 25
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
5 10 15 20 25 x 5 10 15 20 25 x
y = -16x + 37 x 4
y = -16 x + 31 x
Answer: B
Provide an appropriate response.

264) True or false? The parametric equations x = t2 , y = 3t - 2 will graph a parabola.
A) True B) False
Answer: A
265) True or false? The parametric equations x = t3 , y = t3 - 8 will graph a parabola.

A) True B) False
Answer: B
84
266) Give two distinct parametric representations of the parabola y = x2 - 4x + 7.

Answer: Answers will vary. Two parametric representations are as follows.
x = t, y = t2 - 4t + 7
and
x = t + 2, y = t2 + 3.
85
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“There are, of course—the biggest cattle interests in the West. But
they haven’t shown their hand, and Swingley apparently does just as
he pleases. He has headquarters at Wild Horse, with a big
bodyguard of fighters, led by Tom Hoog, ready to do his bidding. The
rest of the invaders have been scattered among the big-cattle
ranches, presumably as cowboys, but really as fighters. It looks as if
the trouble had only started.”
The girl’s voice was lowered, but took no new intensity of
expression as she continued. “Everybody thought there would be
open war in Wild Horse, when my stepfather and Nate Day were
buried,” she said. “But the ranchmen made such a showing then that
even Swingley seemed to be over-awed for the moment. Wild Horse
never was so full of armed men. But the ranchmen were determined
that, if there was trouble, they would not be the aggressors. They
crowded the little church, where the services were held, and scores
of them stood outside. Everybody was heavily armed. When the
funeral procession went through the streets, with all those grim,
determined-looking men, riding so silent, with their rifles across their
saddles, it was terrible!”
The girl bowed her head in her hands. The young Texan wanted
to take her in his arms. For first time it came to him, fully and
undeniably, that he was in love with this slim, dark-haired young
woman whom chance had thrown across his trail. Only the Texan did
not call it chance. He wanted to tell the girl that it was Fate that had
caused their trails to cross and recross. They had seated themselves
on the tiny porch that shaded the front doorway to the cabin. Giant
pine trees crowded in friendly fashion about the few acres which the
naturalist had cleared. Over the tips of the biggest pines could be
seen the white hoods of the mountains. Across the circle of blue sky,
that compassed the clearing, drifted masses of white clouds. From
the forest came the indistinguishable murmur, that went on always,
mingled with the sound of the trout stream, which had first lured
Indians and then white men along its course.
“I’ll be going away from these parts in a few days, Miss Caldwell—
Alma,” said the Texan. “I reckon I might complicate matters if I
stayed here, particularly as I don’t want to bring any trouble on you
or your folks, because I was one of Swingley’s crowd. But I don’t
want to have you forget me. In fact I just don’t intend to let that
happen, because it would be a calamity, as far as I’m concerned. I
might as well tell you that I fell in love with you the first time I saw
you, and I fell deeper in love in Denver, and, since I’ve been seeing
you up here, it’s just been a case of being lost hopelessly.”
The Texan put his hand over the slender fingers that covered the
girl’s face. The girl did not draw her hands away, and he drew them
down slowly. Her eyes, still wet with tears, were wide and startled.
The Texan felt her slender frame tremble. Then her expression
changed, and she pushed his hand away, laughing her musical,
rippling laughter.
“What suddenness!” she exclaimed. “And yet we Northerners
have always felt that you Southerners are rather deliberate in all
things.”
The Texan smiled as he rose. Something in that first glance, which
she had given him, told him that his cause was not lost.
“Not in love or in war,” he said. “Nobody ever accused us of being
deliberate in those things.”
“Well, apparently there’s too much war in the atmosphere around
here, just now, for any other sentiment to flourish,” retorted the girl.
“Nothing can supplant real love,” said the Texan. “It’s thrived
during centuries of wars. I’ve said my say, and, before I leave this
part of the country, I’m coming for my answer.”
“Well, I answer all civil questions and some impertinent ones,”
replied Alma. “Maybe I’ll answer yours in the latter category. But,
anyway, it’s lucky you’ve put off getting your answer, for here comes
Uncle Billy.”
The tall figure of the naturalist could be seen coming across the
clearing. He seldom rode, and this habit alone would have
condemned him as mildly insane, in a country where men were
known to mount their horses rather than walk across a road. But
there was not any part of the high hills that the naturalist had not
covered in his daily prospecting for whatever treasures the forest
might yield. In his later years he cared nothing about killing wild
animals. He had secured a mounted specimen of every species of
game, even to the final survivors of the wild bison, and now all that
interested him was to observe the wild creatures in their haunts.
“Mr. Bertram says he is going to leave us, now that he considers
that you have cured him, Uncle Billy,” was the girl’s greeting.
Uncle Billy paused, his face showing keen disappointment.
Although his rough clothes hung loosely on his gaunt frame, there
was a certain dignity in his movements that never failed to impress.
His gray eyes, under their shaggy brows, were kindly, as they turned
to the Texan.
“I’m sorry,” said the naturalist. “I had hopes that you could finish
writing out those notes for me.”
He alluded to some secretarial work, which Bertram had started
during his illness, the transcription and arrangement of valuable, but
scattered, notes which the naturalist had made.
“I’ll come back and finish that some day, when all this range
trouble is over,” said the Texan. “I think it’s better for me to go before
any one finds where I’ve been hidden. It’ll save trouble for those who
have befriended me.”
Before the naturalist or the girl could answer, the faint sound of
hoofbeats came to the ears of the little group. The sound was
irregular and rapid.
“Somebody’s coming fast,” said the Texan. “It’s more than one in
the saddle, from the sound. I reckon I’m not going to make my get-
away without being seen, after all.”
“Let us hide you,” said the girl.
“It wouldn’t be any use. There’s too much of my truck scattered
around, and there is my horse in the corral.”
“You have no weapons with you.”
“No use anyway,” was the mild answer. “I wouldn’t desecrate
Uncle Billy’s peaceful abode by doing any shooting here, and I don’t
believe any one else will.”
The hoofbeats grew louder, and Alma and the Texan exclaimed in
unison, as two horsemen dashed into the clearing: “Swingley and
Tom Hoog!”
The leader of the invaders and his lieutenant came at breakneck
speed, reining their horses up with a sharp jerk beside the waiting
group. Swingley grinned in triumph, as he gazed at the Texan. Hoog,
with perpetual malice written on his long, saturnine features, looked
on impassively from the saddle.
“Well, we didn’t know what your trail was goin’ to bring us to,” said
Swingley, addressing Alma. “We’ve followed it since you left your
ranch, but it’s been worth the trip for us. We didn’t have any idea of
findin’ our fellow invader, Milt Bertram, here. I s’pose Uncle Billy has
been holdin’ you here against your will, ain’t he?” asked the leader
sneeringly.
“I didn’t write out my resignation when I quit your outfit at the
Powderhorn Crossing,” said Bertram, sitting down on the porch and
lighting a cigarette, “but you knew I’d resigned.”
“You hadn’t ought to have done it, boy,” said Swingley. “You ought
to have stayed with us. It didn’t seem to pay you to quit us, for it
looks as if you’d been havin’ a struggle of it.”
“He was shot in the shoulder when he was brought here,”
observed Uncle Billy. “A few more days will find him as good as
new.”
Swingley’s face showed genuine astonishment. “Somebody got
ahead of Milt Bertram on the draw! Well I’ll be dashed!” he
exclaimed. “I wouldn’t have believed anybody could have done that,
unless it might be Tom Hoog, here.”
“Or mebbe yourself,” put in Hoog.
“Oh, well, count us as equals,” went on Swingley. “But somebody
must have got Milt from ambush.”
“Well, you know a lot about ambushes,” observed Bertram calmly.
“Especially about throwing blazing straw from iron ambushes, I might
say.”
Bertram was not certain that it had been Swingley who had been
behind the go-devil, who had tossed out the burning straw which had
set fire to the cabin. His chance shot told, for Swingley’s brows
darkened.
“That’s no kind of talk from you, Bertram,” he said. “Remember we
count you one of us. If you don’t come with us, some one of these
rustlers will shoot you before you get your horse’s nose turned out of
this country.”
“You know when and where I quit, and add to that knowledge by
telling you why I quit,” pursued the Texan. “It was because I didn’t
intend to be a party to a deliberate murder, such as you and those
with you committed, there at the Powderhorn Crossing.”
Swingley pursed, and Hoog made a motion to draw, but the leader
of the invaders held up a warning hand.
“No shootin’ to-day, Tom,” he said. “This young cub is goin’ to
listen to reason. I know what’s the matter with him. He’s fell in with
Nick Caldwell’s stepdaughter here, and he wants to throw in with the
rustler faction, thinkin’ that that’ll help him along with his love affair.
But listen here, young lady, and you, Uncle Billy, who have been
harborin’ this youngster. It was Milt Bertram who made it possible for
us to burn out Nick Caldwell at the Powderhorn ranch. If it hadn’t
been for Milt, here, we wouldn’t have had the go-devil made, the
thing that made it possible for us to get right up to the cabin. I believe
Nick would have stood us off all day if it hadn’t been for that thing.
Do you deny that you made a go-devil for us, Milt?”
Bertram felt that the girl’s questioning eyes were turned upon him,
but he made no sign.
“See, he don’t dare say no,” said Swingley, “because he’d know
he wasn’t tellin’ the truth. He belonged to us at the start, and he
belongs to us now. You know where to find us, Milt, when you’re well
enough to ride. And I’m advisin’ you to come right back to the
reservation and be a good Indian, if you don’t want trouble. We may
want you to make another go-devil for us.” With a laugh Swingley
turned his horse and dashed away, Hoog following.
Bertram threw away his cigarette and stood up.
“Why didn’t you tell him it wasn’t true?” asked the girl.
“I didn’t think it was necessary,” said the Texan.
“Then I’m to assume that it was true?”
“I can’t help what folks assume.”
The girl turned away and began gathering up her horse’s trailing
reins. “You need never come for that answer,” she said, “and the
sooner you go away from here the better.”
“I’ll come for the answer, and it’s going to be a favorable answer,
too,” replied the Texan. “Furthermore I’ve changed my mind. I’m not
going away, but I’m going to try homesteading on a little land I’ve got
picked out, up the creek. I’m going to settle down and be a citizen
here, and I want you to treat me like a good neighbor.”
The girl did not answer, but, swinging lightly to the saddle, dashed
away from the cabin.
The Texan watched her until she disappeared down the trail that
made a short cut to the Caldwell ranch. Then he said: “We’ll have
plenty of time to finish the job now. Let’s go in and work some more
on those nature notes, Uncle Billy.”
CHAPTER VII
THE MASKED HORSEMAN.
Alma Caldwell assumed the burden of managing Nick Caldwell’s

ranch. She was the only heir of the man who had been dubbed by
his slayers “the king of the rustlers,” but who, as Bertram had
discovered, had some prominent connection with the other side in
the cattle war.
Most of the Caldwell cattle were running in the hills, mixed with
the stock from other ranches in the neighborhood. Comparatively
little of Nick Caldwell’s ranch was under cultivation. Like most other
ranchers in that part of the State he contented himself with raising
enough alfalfa for his saddle stock and a little winter feeding, in case
of an unusually severe season. But for the most part it was
“horseback farming” that was practiced everywhere.
Alma’s day was largely spent in the saddle. With her, as a small,
but valiant, bodyguard, went young Jimmy Coyle. There was only
one point of difference between the cousins, and that was Alma’s
dismissal of Milton Bertram. Jimmy not only stood up for the Texan,
but visited him frequently during the remainder of Bertram’s stay at
Uncle Billy’s. Also it was Jimmy who came to Alma with the first
news that the Texan had made good his words, and had located on a
homestead.
“It’s up at the headwaters of the Roaring Fork, ’way up above
Uncle Billy’s,” said Jimmy. “Milt’s got a cabin all built, and he’s took
on a pardner, a cowboy named Archie Beam, from Swingley’s outfit.
Beam couldn’t stand Swingley’s goins on, so he and Milt have
hooked up together. They’ve got some good range right back of ’em,
and Milt’s goin’ to have some cattle drove up from Texas, and I’m
bettin’ they make good, right from the start.”
Alma refused to show any interest.
“I don’t see why you’re mad at Milt Bertram,” went on Jimmy. “He’s
a dandy, I think. And say, I never saw anybody shoot the way he
can. He’s that quick with both hands. I can see now that it was only
fool luck that kept me from bein’ filled full of lead, after I had plugged
him in the shoulder that time. He never asks about you, but I know
he wants to hear all about what luck you’re havin’ at ranchin’. I’ve
told him as much as I could about things here, specially about the
cattle you’ve been losin’ lately.”
“I’m sure there are at least fifty more gone from that bunch over
on Devil’s Head,” said Alma. “The other ranchers around here are
sure they are losing cattle, anywhere from ten to fifty head at a time,
but they can’t seem to catch any one at it.”
Alma was soon to learn, however, that Swingley was not to be
content with getting cattle by means of occasional raids.
The ranchmen throughout the county were served with notice that
the newly organized Cattlemen’s Association, of which Swingley was
ostensibly the head, intended to put in effect a series of district
round-ups. All cattle were to be gathered and inspected, and
unbranded cattle, or any livestock that carried suspicious-looking
brands, were to become the property of the new organization.
No sooner were the notices served than the round-ups were
organized, all manned by Association men. The cow-punchers, who
had made up the invading army, which was now spoken of only in
terms of hatred and contempt by the small ranchmen, were scattered
about in small, but aggressive, delegations, with the different round-
up wagons.
Swingley himself captained the round-up outfit that combed the
Powderhorn Valley, from its wide reaches on the plains, to the final
ranch in the foothills.
When the riders had gathered the cattle from the vicinity of her
ranch Alma was dismayed at the smallness of her herd. Fully half of
Nick Caldwell’s cattle had been spirited away. Swingley, as sole
judge and dictator, when the inspection of brands was going on,
threw at least half of the remaining cattle into the Association’s pool.
“It’s an outrage!” protested Alma. “There’s no question about the
validity of all those brands you’ve claimed.”
“You don’t know nothin’ about the cattle game, young lady,”
responded Swingley callously. “Every brand I’ve claimed was made
with a runnin’ iron. Nick Caldwell’s title of the ‘king of the rustlers’
was well earned. And it’d be better for all who sympathized with him
if they moved out of this country, without standin’ on ceremony,”
added the rustler significantly. “We’re not through with ’em yet.”
The girl did not lose the general meaning of the threat, but at first
she did not get its full import. A few weeks later she learned what
Swingley had meant. Immediately after the completion of the
Association round-ups, which resulted in many thousands of cattle
being seized from small ranchers by the big cattle interests, there
began a series of assassinations which soon had the entire
countryside terrorized.
One ranchman after another, who had been identified with the
opposition to the big cattlemen, was shot down by a mysterious
rifleman. It was apparent that the work was done by one person, yet
the shootings occurred at such divergent points of the compass that
it seemed impossible that a single rider could cover so much ground
in such a short space of time.
Two bachelor brothers, who conducted a small ranch on one of
the tributaries of the Upper Powderhorn, were shot dead, as they sat
at their evening meal, the assassin firing, with deadly accuracy,
through the open window. To the cabin door was attached a paper,
on which was printed in rude letters: Rustlers, Beware!
A day after this double murder the county was thrilled by the news
that Fred Hersekorn, a prosperous ranchman in another part of the
valley, had been shot, as he was riding home after a trip to Wild
Horse. The ranchman was murdered almost at the door of his home.
His wife, who had rushed to the yard at the sound of the shot, had
found her husband shot through the head. It was dusk, but she
descried a horseman riding across the prairie, on the opposite side
of the road. The rider turned with a defiant wave of the hand, and the
woman saw that he wore a black mask, covering the upper part of
his face.
On a tree beside the driveway leading to the ranchman’s house
was found a sign similar to that posted on the cabin of the assassin’s
victims on the Upper Powderhorn.
The countryside was terrorized, the feeling of helplessness being
intensified because the sheriff was notoriously indifferent to anything
that was not to the best interests of the big cattlemen. Men were
afraid to meet on the main-traveled roads. When a traveler saw
another traveler approaching there was a mutual survey at long
distance. Then, to make assurance doubly sure, each horseman
usually made a detour. Men did not stir outdoors unless they were
armed. Curtains were put up at ranch house windows that had never
previously known such obstructions to the light.
In spite of the fact that hundreds of ranchmen were searching for
and laying traps for him, night and day, the visitations of the masked
horseman went on. Arson was added to his crimes, as he burned the
ranch of a newcomer on Lone Lake Mesa, after shooting the
homesteader, as the others had been shot. Again men examined the
mysterious square of paper, with its poorly printed message of
warning.
Milton Bertram and Arch Beam, on the headwaters of the Roaring
Fork, the stream which later on foamed past the naturalist’s cabin,
felt that only extreme vigilance could save them from being victims of
the assassin. They went cautiously about their work each day and
seldom exposed themselves to fire from the points of attack that
covered their cabin, without first making reconnaissance.
They felt that their caution was not misplaced, when, on two
occasions, they found pony tracks in the thickets that commanded
unobstructed views of their homestead.
“That feller is a real rifleman, whoever he might be,” observed
Arch Beam. “He never shoots until he has his man well covered. But
some day he’s goin’ to slip up, and a better man than he will do the
shootin’ first.”
“I hope that time isn’t far off, Arch,” returned Bertram. “There’s no
use fooling around in the open with an enemy like that, a man who
won’t even give you as much warning as a rattlesnake gives before
he strikes. He’d simply add you to his victims, as easily as you might
mark up another point on a billiard string. A man like that has to be
caught off his guard. He knows there are plenty of men looking for
him in the open, and that’s why he’s not going to be caught there.”
“Where are you goin’ to get him, then?” asked Archie doubtfully.
“I don’t say I’m going to get him,” responded Bertram. “But
whoever does get him will probably land his game in some totally
unexpected place. Wild Horse wouldn’t be a bad place to look. I think
I’ll drift around there a little more than I have been.”
Bertram followed out the hint he dropped to his partner. He rode to
Wild Horse, where he had seldom been seen since he and Archie
had taken up their homestead.
Wild Horse was typical of the towns of the frontier. Most of its one-
story business houses were spread along both sides of a broad
street. There were a few general stores, two banks, a hotel, several
restaurants, and numerous saloons and gambling places. All were
prosperous, and, while the sun might cease to illumine Wild Horse at
evening, there was plenty of light there, of an artificial kind, till well
along toward the next daybreak.
The topic of conversation in Wild Horse, as everywhere else, was
the work of the masked horseman. But here the comments were a
little more guarded, on account of the feeling that some inside ring of
the cattle interests was prompting the assassinations, and Wild
Horse was headquarters of those interests, which fact Swingley did
not allow to be forgotten for a moment.
Bertram had hardly seated himself in the hotel restaurant before
Swingley saw him and came over to his table. “Milt,” he said, “you’re
too good a man to be wastin’ your young years on a hopeless
homestead proposition like the one you’ve got. If you’ve come up
here, prepared to listen to reason and to throw in with us again, I can
put you where you’ll be on the road to a fortune in the cow game.”
“I’m glad it’s the cow game and not making go-devils,” said the
young Texan, as he poured his coffee with a steady hand.
Swingley smiled saturninely. “I’ve got it figgered out what’s turned
you wrong,” he said. “When you first agreed to go along with us you
didn’t have any particular idee of kickin’ over the traces, did you?”
“Maybe not.”
“Well, you met this girl, and then you got some foolish idees in
your head. As a matter of fact the killin’ of Nick Caldwell wasn’t
nothin’ for you to be sore about, as Nick deserved what he got. It is
true he was good enough to that stepdaughter of his, who took his
name, and who looked on him as a father. But he was the leader of
the rustler crowd.”
“I don’t know whether he was or not,” replied the Texan, with a
keen glance at Swingley. “I’ve sort of drawn some conclusions of my
own to the effect that Caldwell was really a power with the cattle
interests, though maybe only a little inside circle knew what he was
doing. He might have had a falling out with a big man in that inside
circle. Maybe that other man was jealous of Nick’s power.
Maybe Nick had some information about the other man’s
crookedness. Anyway, the other man figured that Nick had to go. So
there wasn’t any powder spared in getting him when the chance
opened up.”
Swingley turned pale with rage, but he choked back his inclination
to denounce Bertram.
“Do you mean to say that I was mixed up in any deal with Nick
Caldwell?” he demanded.
“I said it looked as if some other man was, that man being in the
confidence of the cattle interests,” responded the Texan coolly. “I
didn’t say it was you, but it might have been. Do you want me to
spring any documentary evidence I might have?”
“Do you mean you’ve got letters, papers of any kind?” Here a note
of anxiousness crept into Swingley’s voice.
“You had it right the first time. There are some letters of interest,
and I want to tell you to quit your high-handed persecutions in this
county, or they’re going to be made public.”
“That girl’s turned ’em over to you, if there is anything of the sort,”
said Swingley, his face working convulsively, his voice thick with
anger and fear.
“The girl has had nothing to do with it,” responded Bertram. “But
she’s one of the people around here that you’ve got to let alone from
now on.”
“I’ll let nobody alone,” said Swingley, liquor and his anger getting
the better of his tongue. “There ain’t enough left of her herd now for
her to make a living with, but there’s worse in store for her, if she
don’t clear out of the country. As for you, you’re a marked man, and
you won’t be safe till you’re on the other side of the mountains.”
“Better not have me marked too plainly, Swingley,” observed the
Texan. “I’m not fool enough to carry those letters on me, you know.
I’ve left them where they’re sure to come to light if I’m killed. So call
off the man who’s been prowling around our cabin lately, and tell him
to pack his guns elsewhere. Speaking of gunmen, there’s Tom Hoog
looking for you.”
Swingley looked around, just as Hoog came through the doors
leading from the hotel office to the restaurant.
“Oh, yes,” he said, “Hoog’s been around all the afternoon. Here I
am, Tom,” he called to his retainer. Then, as Hoog beckoned to him,
Swingley rose and added:
“I’ve been talkin’ kinda strong, Milt, because I’ve had a little more
liquor than common. I ain’t given that way as a rule, so fergit what
I’ve been sayin’. Think over that offer I’ve made you. It’s good as
gold, and all you’ve got to do is reach out your hand and get a
fortune. I’ll have you set up in an ideal grazin’ country, with a
smackin’ big herd of your own, inside of a month.”
“I wouldn’t take any range, nor run any cows that came to me by
way of you and Hoog, if the cattle were all prize-winners, and the
grass on the range was belly-deep, all the year round, and the
weather was always June,” replied the Texan.
Swingley turned, as if to make a heated answer, but Hoog’s voice
came insistently: “Ace, come here. Here’s news!”
The cattleman joined Hoog, and the two walked through the
swinging door together. Every one else had gone out of the room but
Bertram. He rose, troubled in mind about the threat Swingley had
made concerning Alma. He turned cold at the thought that some
harm might come to her.
“I never thought it, not even of such scoundrels as these!” he
muttered. “Women have always been safer in the West than
anywhere else in the world. Perhaps they’re going to strike at her in
some way that I hadn’t thought of.”
With his mind full of plans for the protection of Alma, Bertram left a
coin on the table for the waitress and walked slowly toward the hat-
rack for his battered, high-crowned felt. He intended to go right to the
ranch, to tell the girl that this foolishness on her part had to stop, that
her safety was now the prime consideration, and that he himself
intended to enlist as a personal guard, until these troubles were over.
The Texan’s reflections were broken in upon by confused voices
from the hotel lobby and the barroom just beyond. He stepped
through the swinging doors and almost ran into the hotel clerk, white-
faced with excitement.
“Ain’t that the limit!” said the clerk, as Bertram stopped him with a
query. “Such a kid, too! Didn’t you know about it? Young Jimmy
Caldwell was found shot this morning. Another masked-horseman
job. Some say the kid’s dead, but the latest word is that he’s alive at
Uncle Billy’s place, and that he may live.”
As the clerk vanished, to spread the news to the rest of the hotel
help, Bertram stood a moment in thought. Then the significance of
one of Swingley’s remarks came to him, full force.
“By all the gods!” he exclaimed, slapping his leather-clad thigh.
“Swingley was careful to tell me that Hoog had been around here all
the afternoon. It was an alibi he was parroting. That’s slip number
one. The rest will follow fast.”
Walking swiftly to the barroom the Texan drove his arm against
the swinging doors and opened them with a bang. Facing the
inquiring crowd he stood looking for Swingley and Hoog. The
cowboy’s attitude was tense, and his hands were close to the butts
of the guns that showed low on his hips.
Swingley and his lieutenant were gone. Turning as suddenly as he
had entered the Texan strode out of the hotel and flung himself on
his horse.
As he sped toward the foothills, the rage, which had prompted him
to kill at sight, died out of his heart, and it was succeeded by a cold
determination to bring retribution to those who had committed this
new crime. With such retribution would come proofs, which would
satisfy others as well as himself, that justice had not miscarried.
CHAPTER VIII
THE MARK OF THE BEAST.
Little Jimmy Coyle would not ride his beloved range again for
many a long month. The boy was battling with death when the Texan
saw him, but Uncle Billy, who was in attendance, said, he would
recover. The lad’s chaparajos and the rest of his cowboy trappings
were on a chair at his bedside, a pathetic reminder, Bertram thought,
of the active life the boy loved. His .38 rifle, the weapon which he
intended to exchange for a .45 some day, when he grew strong
enough, stood at the head of his bed, and no one was permitted to
handle either it or the garments. Such were the orders of the new
district attorney, young Isham Woods, it was explained.
Alma had found Jimmy at the mouth of a wide moraine, leading
out upon a mesa, something over a mile from the ranch house. She
had thought he was dead, from a wound just above the heart, but
she had found that some remnant of life remained. She had attended
as best she could to the wound, and then she had carried the boy to
the ranch house, the crisis giving her strength far in excess of
normal.
The Texan did not tarry at the ranch house after he learned that
Jimmy stood a fair chance of recovery. Following Alma’s directions
he rode to the scene of the shooting. The moraine afforded an
admirable hiding place. In its wide, bowlder-strewn depression one
could command an excellent view of the mesa, on which there were
always cattle grazing.
Several neighbors were going over the ground, and so was
Woods, the district attorney, who had shown an unexpected and
most disconcerting disposition to inquire into some of the affairs of
the newly organized association of cattlemen. In fact it was currently
reported that Woods, who had been figured on as a quiescent tool,
had been visited several times by Swingley, with threats of the loss
of his political and legal suture unless he mended his ways.
Threats apparently had no effect on the young lawyer, with whom
Bertram had struck up an acquaintance which was fast ripening into
friendship. Together the Texan and the district attorney surveyed the
scene. The would-be assassin had hidden behind a bowlder, on the
side of the moraine. His horse had been tied in a clump of asps, that
grew over the side of the huge depression. There were some
footprints and hoof prints, but the ground was so hard that these
could be of no value. The discharged cartridge was found, but that,
also, was of no value. Forty-five caliber cartridges of that character
were carried by thousands of ranchmen in that vicinity.
“Miss Alma wanted me to give you this,” observed the Texan,
handing the district attorney a small square of paper. On it was the
customary sign: Rustlers, Beware! printed in lead pencil.
Woods examined it with interest.
“Maybe this won’t be such bad corroborative evidence,” went on
Bertram, handing over the paper which he had found on his own
cabin door. The same letters were printed on the paper, but the work
was done in ink.
“That’s a pretty plain thumb print, down in the corner, isn’t it?”
observed the Texan, noting the interest with which the official
observed the new paper.
“Yes,” replied Woods. “It’s quite the best one that’s come to light,
so far. Let’s go to the ranch house and see if we can find anything
corroborative on Jimmy Coyle’s equipment. The assassin came out
from his hiding place after he had shot Jimmy and turned the boy
over, thinking he was dead. I don’t think he meant to kill Jimmy, but
probably the boy saw him and opened fire, or tried to get back to the
ranch to give the alarm. Probably the fellow behind the rock thought
he had made a clean job of it, but he did not reckon on the vitality of
youth.”
The district attorney and Bertram carried Jimmy’s clothes and
chaparajos and rifle into a room adjoining the sick chamber and
barred out everybody else. “I’m glad to have you work with me in
this,” said Woods, “because I can’t trust anybody from the sheriff’s
office, and it’s clearly impossible to take up such a case alone. I
know I can count on you, right up to the finish.”
“Right up to the finish,” said the Texan grimly, “and that finish can’t
come too soon.”
“I imagine it’s not so very far away,” responded the young district
attorney. “These range murderers haven’t learned the advantage of
working with gloves, like some of the city criminals.”
The official inspected the boy’s clothing. “This shirt,” he said,
“must have been pretty well stained by the time the assassin
reached the lad. In turning the boy over he naturally took hold of
Jimmy’s shoulder, and probably he got some stain from the wound
on his hands. Then he’d try to straighten out the boy’s legs, and in
doing, that he might have come in contact with the stains on these
leather chaps. It might be a good idea to take a look at those first.”
The district attorney brought a small bottle from his pocket and
shook some grayish powder into a paper on the table. Then he took
a camel’s-hair brush and began applying the powder to different
spots on the leather chaparajos.
“It is what is technically known as gray powder,” he explained. “It’s
made of charcoal, chalk and mercury. A little of it will bring out a
finger print with amazing clearness. Here are some that don’t belong
to the boy.”
Under the application of the powder several finger prints stood out
clearly. Taking out the paper which Bertram had handed him, the
district attorney compared the prints.
“Fate seems to have helped us out,” he said finally. “It might be a
matter of some time and difficulty in checking up these finger prints,
under ordinary conditions. There are four general classes, known as
arches, loops, whorls and composites—self-explanatory names. But
there are over a thousand types, and checking up without a
complete set of finger prints is ordinarily a matter of difficulty. But
right here is where Fate, as I say, seems to have helped us.”
The district attorney called Bertram’s attention to two tiny spots,
almost in the center of the thumb print, on the paper which had been
attached to the Texan’s cabin, and a print which the powder had
brought out clearly on the leather chaparajos.
“The man that made those thumb prints might have been struck in
the ball of the right thumb by a rattlesnake, at some time in his life.
Anyway that is what we will assume. There are two small scars, just
big enough and deep enough to change the swirl of the thumb
marking, almost at the very center. Those markings, no matter what
type they may fall into, never become confused naturally. In other
words, those tiny corrugations never cross each other, unless by
accident of an external nature. Such an accident has happened in
this case. The peculiarity of this thumb print can be distinguished
with the naked eye.”
“Let’s see if there isn’t another on the rifle,” said the Texan. “We
can’t be too dead sure about this business.”
An application of powder to the boy’s rifle brought to light several
other thumb prints, showing the rattlesnake scar.
“A man who was used to handling guns would pick up the boy’s
rifle just by instinct,” said the Texan. “The man that shot Jimmy
picked up the lad’s .38, and he probably worked the lever once or
twice, explaining the unexploded cartridges that were found on the
ground. It’s second nature for a gunman to do anything like that.”
“These prints on the rifle are even clearer than the ones on the
leather,” replied the district attorney.
What the official said was true. Under the magic of the gray
powder a mixture of thumb prints appeared on the magazine of the
rifle which Jimmy had prized so highly. Some of the thumb prints
were long and narrow. Those were the marks of Jimmy’s hands.
Overlapping them in some cases, and in one or two instances,
standing out alone, could be seen larger, coarser finger prints.
Where a man would place his thumb in the process of aiming the
rifle, were two exceptionally clear prints.
In each of them appeared the tiny flaws in the configuration of the
strange lines of the skin, lines which scientists have been at a loss to
explain, unless, in some mysterious way, they aid the sense of
touch. The flaws caused a slight interruption of the flowing, parallel
lines, almost in the center of the thumb.
“Can you convict on evidence like that?” asked Bertram.
“Finger-print evidence is absolute. Some Frenchman has figured
up the chances of error, and he had to get into fractional atoms
before he arrived at a result.”
“How about the chances of some one else having a scar like this
one.”
“There again you’ll get into the atomic fractions. Some other
person might have a scar made by a blade, or a deep, jagged scar,
made by a barbwire fence or something of that sort which tears
instead of cuts; or there might be another person with a single small
scar on the thumb, but for any one to have a double scar like this
would be so nearly impossible, that you might as well throw the
fractions away and say that the thing couldn’t be.”
The Texan looked thoughtfully at the comparative evidence on the
table. “How are you going ahead, now that you’ve got this far,
Woods?” he asked. The district attorney looked troubled. “I know I
can be frank with you,” he replied. “I can’t see that I’m much better
off than when I started. Right now is where I need the strongest kind
of help from the sheriff, and this is just the time I can’t call on him.
He’s been indifferent, right from the start.”
“Indifference is what he was put in there to show,” responded the
Texan. “He’s simply delivering the goods to those who have hired
him.”
“Well, whatever the reason, I’m brought up against a blank wall.
I’ve thought that I could enlist a little force of my own, a few men like
yourself and Archie Beam. I don’t want to make the mistake of
getting those who are too deeply interested on the rustler side of this
war, or they’d be dragging in some of their personal enemies, just to
square their own accounts.”
“Well, you know you can count on me,” said Bertram, “but I don’t
reckon it will be necessary to have a whole posse in on this thing.”
The young official looked surprised. “It’s going to take a force of
men to capture that assassin,” he replied.
“That shows how little you are used to ways and means and men
out here,” said the Texan, with a short laugh.
“That man isn’t going to be captured easily, and he’s got to be
wounded to be taken,” he added. “One man’s just as good on his
trail as a hundred, provided that one man can get the drop. In fact if
you go setting a whole pack of hounds on the trail of a wolf like that,
all you’re going to do is run him out of the country, and that isn’t
what’s wanted, because an enemy of that sort is an enemy not of
any one particular clan or neighborhood, but of all humanity. He’s got
to be put out of the way for all humanity’s sake.”
The district attorney was puzzled and inclined to be downcast.
“I’m going to help you some in this case,” went on Bertram. “In
fact I’m going just as far as it is possible for any one to go. It isn’t
alone because I think a lot of that little kid in there, who has been
struck down in this ruthless way. There’s a long score to be settled
before Jimmy Coyle’s case is to be considered at all. For one thing I
believe the man who shot this boy, and who has been doing these
murders around here, the work of the masked horseman, is the
same person who killed Nick Caldwell.”
“I thought Nick was killed by a general volley, fired by the invaders
when the ranch on the Lower Powderhorn was burned,” said Woods
in surprise.
“He was and he wasn’t. Nick was wounded when he started to
run, but he wasn’t badly hurt until he had almost made his get-away.
I believe that the boys with Swingley’s outfit had so much admiration
for the fight Nick had put up in that cabin that they were shooting
wild, just to let him escape. Swingley knew that. He had determined
to get Nick at any cost, and he wasn’t going to see him escape. So,
just when the firing lulled, and Nick was about to leap into the
underbrush to safety, there came one shot, which drilled him, just as
cleanly as that boy was shot, and as Hersekorn has been shot, and
as all the rest of the victims of the masked horseman have been
shot. There’s no telling just who did it, but Swingley was really guilty
in Nick’s case, whether he fired the shot or whether he didn’t.”
“Well, in the boy’s case we’ve made a start, at least, toward
something tangible,” said Woods. “I’m going to turn questioner now
and ask you how we are going to go about finding the man who
made those finger prints.”
The Texan smiled enigmatically. “That’s something we’ll have to
leave to the gods,” he replied. “Meantime I want you to give me
some of that powder, as I might have to do a little finger-print
experimenting myself.”

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Parabola; opens upward

Parabola; opens right

Circle; center (0, 0); radius 3

No points on its graph

Parabola; opens downward

Parabola; opens left

Circle; center (3, -2); radius 4

Circle; center (-3, 2); radius 4

10) Center (-10, 0), radius 1

11) Center (6, -5), radius 11

13) Center (9, -9), passing through (12, -5)

14) Center (7, 25), containing the origin

15) Center (21, 19), tangent to the y-axis

16) Center (12, 25), tangent to the x-axis

18) (-3, -5) and (7, 7)

19) (-4, 5) and (0, -1)

20) (-6, 0) and (6, 0)

Graph the circle if possible.

A) B) No points on its graph

A) B) No points on its graph

Find the center and radius of the circle.

35) 4x2 + 4y2 - 16x - 32y + 16 = 0

36) 9x2 - 9x + 9y2 + 9y - 1 = 0

41) y = -(x + 5)2 + 4

42) y = -(x + 5)2 - 2

45) x = -(y + 4)2 + 4

46) x = -(y + 4)2 + 7

Give the focus, directrix, and axis for the parabola.

Write an equation for the parabola with vertex at the origin.

55) Focus (0, 5)

Find an equation for the parabola with vertex at the origin.

58) Through ( 6, 6), opening upward

59) Through (5, -10), opening downward

60) Through ( 5, 15), opening upward

61) Through (7, -7 7), symmetric with respect to the x-axis

62) Through (9, 9), symmetric with respect to the y-axis

Find an equation of a parabola that satisfies the given conditions.

64) Vertex (3, -10), focus (3, -8)

65) Vertex (8, -6), focus (11, -6)

66) Vertex (6, -4), focus (6, 1)

68) Focus (-2, 3), directrix x = -4

69) Focus (10, 8), directrix y = -2

70) Focus at (4, 0), directrix x = -4

71) Horizontal axis; vertex (5, -3); passing through (0, 1)

77) x = 3(y + 8)2 - 2

80) x = 2y2 + 16y + 34

81) y = -3x2 + 30x - 77

104) Describe the graph of the equation (x - 2)2 + (y - 5)2 = 0.

105) Describe the graph of the equation (x - 4)2 + (y - 6)2 = -36.

Ellipse; foci (±4, 0)

Ellipse; foci (0, ±4)

Hyperbola; foci (± 34, 0)

Center (0, 0); vertical transverse axis