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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Find the exact values of the indicated trigonometric functions. Write fractions in lowest terms.
1)
35
21
28
Find sin A and cos A.

4 3 5 5
A) sin A = ; cos A = B) sin A = ; cos A =
5 5 4 3
3 4 4 3
C) sin A = ; cos A = D) sin A = ; cos A =
5 5 3 4
Answer: A
2)
39
15
36
Find tan A and cot A.

12 5 5 12
A) tan A = ; cot A = B) tan A = ; cot A =
5 12 12 5
5 12 13 13
C) tan A = ; cot A = D) tan A = ; cot A =
13 13 5 12
Answer: B
3)
15
17 8
Find sec A and csc A.

15 8 17 17
A) sec A = ; csc A = B) sec A = ; csc A =
8 15 15 8
17 17 8 15
C) sec A = ; csc A = D) sec A = ; csc A =
8 15 17 17
Answer: C
1
4)
72
21
75
Find sin B and tan B.

25 24 24 24
A) sin B = ; tan B = B) sin B = ; tan B =
7 7 25 7
7 7 7 7
C) sin B = ; tan B = D) sin B = ; tan B =
24 25 25 24
Answer: D
5)
123
27
120
Find cos B and cot B.

41 9 9 9
A) cos B = ; cot B = B) cos B = ; cot B =
40 40 41 40
40 40 9 40
C) cos B = ; cot B = D) cos B = ; cot B =
41 9 40 9
Answer: B
6)
123
27
120
Find sin B and cos B.

40 9 9 9
A) sin B = ; cos B = B) sin B = ; cos B =
41 41 41 40
9 40 9 41
C) sin B = ; cos B = D) sin B = ; cos B =
41 41 40 40
Answer: A
2
7)
15
9
12
Find sin A and tan A.

4 4 5 4
A) sin A = ; tan A = B) sin A = ; tan A =
5 3 4 5
3 4 4 5
C) sin A = ; tan A = D) sin A = ; tan A =
5 3 3 4
Answer: A
Find the requested function value of θ.

2
8) If sin θ = , find sec θ.
3
5 2 5 5 3 5
A) B) C) D)
2 5 3 5
Answer: D
11
9) If csc θ = , find cot θ.
6
85 11 85 6
A) B) C) D)
6 85 11 85
Answer: A
10
10) If sin θ = , find cos θ.
13
13 69 10 69
A) B) C) D)
69 13 69 10
Answer: B
11) Find cos θ, if sec θ = 4.

1 1 1 1
A) - B) C) - D)
4 3 3 4
Answer: D
1
12) If csc θ = , then find sin θ.
9
1 1
A) -9 B) 9 C) - D)
9 9
Answer: B
3
13) If tan α = 0.2585, then find cot α. Round to nearest thousandths.
A) 3.861 B) 3.868 C) 3.875 D) 3.882
Answer: B
7
14) If cos α = , then find sec α.
8
7 7 8 7 7 7
A) B) C) D)
7 8 7 8
Answer: C
15) If cos θ = 0.1, then find tan θ. Round to nearest tenths.

A) 10 B) 0.1 C) 9.9 D) 1
Answer: C
16) If tan θ = 1.5, then find csc θ. Round to nearest tenths.

A) 0.7 B) 1.2 C) 1.5 D) 1.8
Answer: B
11 5 11
17) If sin θ = , cos θ = , and tan θ = , then find csc θ, sec θ, and cot θ.
6 6 5
6 11 6 5 11 6 6 11 5 11
A) csc θ = ; sec θ = - ; cot θ = B) csc θ = ; sec θ = ; cot θ =
11 5 11 5 11 11
6 11 6 5 11 6 6 5
C) csc θ = ; sec θ = ; cot θ = D) csc θ = ; sec θ = ; cot θ =
11 5 11 11 5 11
Answer: C
Find the exact function value.

18) sin 30°
3 1 2
A) B) C) 3 D)
2 2 2
Answer: B
19) cos 30°

2 3 1
A) 3 B) C) D)
2 2 2
Answer: C
20) cos 60°

1 3 2
A) B) C) 3 D)
2 2 2
Answer: A
21) sin 60°

2 1 3
A) B) C) D) 3
2 2 2
Answer: C
4
22) tan 60°
2 1 3
A) B) C) 3 D)
2 2 2
Answer: C
23) tan 45°

2 3 1
A) 1 B) C) 2 D)
3 2
Answer: A
24) cot 45°

2 3 1
A) 1 B) 2 C) D)
3 2
Answer: A
25) sec 45°

1 2 3
A) 1 B) C) 2 D)
2 3
Answer: C
26) csc 45°

2 3 1
A) 2 B) 1 C) D)
3 2
Answer: A
27) sec 30°

2 3 1
A) 2 B) C) 1 D)
3 2
Answer: B
Solve the problem.

28) A square playground has a white line drawn through its diagonal. This creates two triangles whose angle
measures are 45°, 45°, and 90°. If the sides of the playground are 73 feet, use trigonometric functions to find the
length, x, of the diagonal.
73 ft
73 ft
A) 42.1 ft B) 103.2 ft C) 51.6 ft D) 126.4 ft

Answer: B
5
29) The path between three landmarks in a national park form a right triangle. The oldest living evergreen tree is at
point A, the ranger station is at point B, and the natural hotspring is at point C. The right angle is at point C, and
there is a 60° angle at point B. If the distance between the hotspring and the evergreen tree is 696 yards, find the
distance, x, from the hotspring to the ranger station.
696 yd
A) 1205.51 yd B) 401.84 yd C) 984.29 yd D) 492.1463 yd

Answer: B
Convert to decimal degree notation. Round to two decimal places.

30) 76°54'25''
A) 76.87° B) 76.91° C) 76.97° D) 76.92°
Answer: B
31) 76°40'
A) 76.73° B) 76.67° C) 76.68° D) 76.63°
Answer: B
32) 47∘23''
A) 46.99∘ B) 46.62∘ C) 47.01∘ D) 47.38∘
Answer: C
33) 49'45''
A) 0.83∘ B) 49.01∘ C) 49.75∘ D) 0.76∘
Answer: A
Convert the angle measures to degrees, minutes, and seconds. Round seconds to whole units, if necessary.
34) 53.79°
A) 53°47'30'' B) 53°47'79'' C) 53°47'24'' D) 53°47'12''
Answer: C
35) 11.880°
A) 11°52'48'' B) 11°52'54'' C) 11°52'88'' D) 11°52'36''
Answer: A
36) 20.55∘
A) 20∘33' B) 20∘35' C) 20∘33'11'' D) 20∘22'
Answer: A
Use a calculator to find the function value to four decimal places.

37) sin 6°
A) 0.5878 B) 0.9945 C) 0.1045 D) 0.4067
Answer: C
6
38) sin 72°50'33''
A) 3.2556 B) 0.9555 C) 0.2936 D) 1.9559
Answer: B
39) cos 45.24°

A) 0.7101 B) 0.2548 C) 0.7041 D) 0.9648
Answer: C
40) csc 79°32'41''

A) 6.5106 B) 1.0169 C) 5.5106 D) 0.1845
Answer: B
41) tan 6.85°

A) 0.9929 B) 0.1201 C) 0.7495 D) 0.4276
Answer: B
42) sin 71.2°

A) 2.9375 B) 0.9466 C) 0.8707 D) 0.3223
Answer: B
43) cos 33.2°

A) 0.5476 B) 0.6544 C) 0.2117 D) 0.8368
Answer: D
44) cot 34.4°

A) 0.5650 B) 1.4605 C) 0.6847 D) 0.1588
Answer: B
45) sin 46°25'

A) 1.0507 B) 0.7244 C) 0.6894 D) 0.9018
Answer: B
Find the acute angle θ, to the nearest hundredth of a degree, for the given function value.
46) sin θ = 0.5084
A) 120.56° B) -30.56° C) 26.95° D) 30.56°
Answer: D
47) cos θ = 0.7815

A) 38.60° B) 38.01° C) -51.40° D) 51.40°
Answer: A
48) tan θ = 0.6947

A) 34.79° B) 44.00° C) 134.00° D) -44.00°
Answer: A
49) sec θ = 7.336

A) 82.16° B) 7.76° C) -7.76° D) 7.83°
Answer: A
7
50) csc θ = 1.47
A) 47.13° B) -34.23° C) 42.86° D) 34.23°
Answer: C
51) cot θ = 7.144

A) -7.97° B) 81.95° C) 7.97° D) 8.05°
Answer: C
52) tan θ = 8.587

A) 443.36° B) 83.36° C) 263.36° D) -25.39°
Answer: B
Find the exact acute angle θ for the given function value.
3
53) sin θ =
2
A) 45° B) 30° C) 60°
Answer: C
54) tan θ = 3
A) 45° B) 60° C) 30°
Answer: B
2
55) cos θ =
2
A) 30° B) 60° C) 45°
Answer: C
3
56) tan θ =
3
A) 45° B) 60° C) 30°
Answer: C
57) csc θ = 2
A) 45° B) 30° C) 60°
Answer: A
58) cot θ = 1
A) 45° B) 30° C) 60°
Answer: A
59) sec θ = 2
A) 30° B) 60° C) 45°
Answer: C
60) cot θ = 3
A) 30° B) 60° C) 45°
Answer: A
8
61) csc θ = 2
A) 45° B) 60° C) 30°
Answer: C
62) sec θ = 2
A) 45° B) 60° C) 30°
Answer: B
Use the cofunction and reciprocal identities. Round to the nearest ten-thousandth when appropriate.
1
63) sin 26° = cos =
26°
A) 64°, csc B) 116°, csc C) 154°, csc D) 64°, sec
Answer: A
1
64) cos 43° = 47° =
43°
A) tan, csc B) tan, sec C) sin, sec D) sin, csc
Answer: C
1
65) tan 71° = 19° =
71°
A) sin, tan B) sec, cot C) cot, cot D) cot, sec
Answer: C
1
66) cot 66° = tan =
66°
A) 24°, cot B) 114°, sin C) 24°, tan D) 156°, tan
Answer: C
1
67) sec 52° = 38° =
52°
A) csc, cos B) csc, tan C) csc, sin D) cos, sin
Answer: A
1
68) csc 53° = sec =
53°
A) 37°, sin B) 37°, sec C) 143°, cos D) 37°, cos
Answer: A
9
69) Given that
sin 64° ≈ 0.8988, cos 64° ≈ 0.4384,
tan 64° ≈ 2.0503, cot 64° ≈ 0.4877,
sec 64° ≈ 2.2812, csc 64° ≈ 1.1126,
find the six function values of 26°.
A) sin 26° ≈ 0.4384; cos 26° ≈ 0.8988; tan 26° ≈ 0.4877 B) sin 26° ≈ 2.2812; cos 26° ≈ 0.4384; tan 26° ≈ 0.4877
csc 26° ≈ 2.2812; sec 26° ≈ 1.1126; cot 26° ≈ 2.0503 csc 26° ≈ 0.8988; sec 26° ≈ 1.1126; cot 26° ≈ 2.0503
C) sin 26° ≈ 2.2812; cos 26° ≈ 0.4384; tan 26° ≈ 0.4877 D) sin 26° ≈ 0.8988; cos 26° ≈ 0.4384; tan 26° ≈ 0.4877
csc 26° ≈ 1.1126; sec 26° ≈ 0.8988; cot 26° ≈ 2.0503 csc 26° ≈ 1.1126; sec 26° ≈ 2.2812; cot 26° ≈ 2.0503
Answer: A
70) Given that sin 78.8° ≈ 0.9810, cos 78.8° ≈ 0.1942, and tan 78.8° ≈ 5.0504, find the six function values of 11.2°.
A) sin 11.2° ≈ 5.1493; cos 11.2° ≈ 0.1942; tan 11.2° ≈ 0.1980
csc 11.2° ≈ 1.0194; sec 11.2° ≈ 0.9810; cot 11.2° ≈ 5.0504
B) sin 11.2° ≈ 0.1942; cos 11.2° ≈ 0.9810; tan 11.2° ≈ 0.1980

csc 11.2° ≈ 5.1493; sec 11.2° ≈ 1.0194; cot 11.2° ≈ 5.0504
C) sin 11.2° ≈ 5.1493; cos 11.2° ≈ 0.1942; tan 11.2° ≈ 0.1980

csc 11.2° ≈ 0.9810; sec 11.2° ≈ 1.0194; cot 11.2° ≈ 5.0504
D) sin 11.2° ≈ 0.9810; cos 11.2° ≈ 0.1942; tan 11.2° ≈ 0.1980

csc 11.2° ≈ 1.0194; sec 11.2° ≈ 5.1493; cot 11.2° ≈ 5.0504
Answer: B
71) Given that sin 22°37'38" ≈ 0.3847, cos 22°37'38" ≈ 0.9230, and tan 22°37'38" ≈ 0.4168, find the six function values of
67°22'22".
A) sin 67°22'22" ≈ 0.9230; cos 67°22'22" ≈ 0.3847; tan 67°22'22" ≈ 2.3992;
csc 67°22'22" ≈ 2.5994; sec 67°22'22" ≈ 1.0834; cot 67°22'22" ≈ 0.4168
B) sin 67°22'22" ≈ 0.9230; cos 67°22'22" ≈ 0.3847; tan 67°22'22" ≈ 0.4168;

csc 67°22'22" ≈ 1.0834; sec 67°22'22" ≈ 2.5994; cot 67°22'22" ≈ 2.3992
C) sin 67°22'22" ≈ 0.9230; cos 67°22'22" ≈ 0.3847; tan 67°22'22" ≈ 2.3992;

csc 67°22'22" ≈ 1.0834; sec 67°22'22" ≈ 2.5994; cot 67°22'22" ≈ 0.4168
D) sin 67°22'22" ≈ 0.3847; cos 67°22'22" ≈ 0.9230; tan 67°22'22" ≈ 2.3992;

csc 67°22'22" ≈ 2.5994; sec 67°22'22" ≈ 1.0834; cot 67°22'22" ≈ 0.4168
Answer: C
10
Solve the right triangle for all missing sides and angles to the nearest tenth.
72)
c = 23
B = 39°
A) A = 51°, a = 17.9, b = 14.5 B) A = 51°, a = 18.6, b = 14.5
C) A = 51°, a = 17.9, b = 18.6 D) A = 51°, a = 14.5, b = 17.9
Answer: A
73)
c = 22
A = 64°
A) B = 26°, a = 9.6, b = 45.1 B) B = 26°, a = 9.6, b = 19.8
C) B = 26°, a = 45.1, b = 19.8 D) B = 26°, a = 19.8, b = 9.6
Answer: D
74)
c = 19
B = 65°
A) A = 25°, a = 8, b = 17.2 B) A = 25°, a = 21, b = 45
C) A = 25°, a = 8.9, b = 21 D) A = 25°, a = 45, b = 21
Answer: A
11
75)
c = 34.9
B = 22.3°
A) A = 67.7°, a = 85.1, b = 92 B) A = 67.7°, a = 32.3, b = 13.2
C) A = 67.7°, a = 92, b = 37.7 D) A = 67.7°, a = 37.7, b = 92
Answer: B
76)
c = 14
B = 27.6°
A) A = 62.4°, a = 7.3, b = 6.5 B) A = 62.4°, a = 12.4, b = 6.5
C) A = 62.4°, a = 12.4, b = 7.3 D) A = 62.4°, a = 6.5, b = 12.4
Answer: B
77)
a = 13
A = 69°42'
A) B = 20°18', c = 13.9, b = 37 B) B = 20°18', c = 37.5, b = 13.9
C) B = 20°18', c = 13.9, b = 37.5 D) B = 20°18', c = 13.9, b = 4.8
Answer: D
12
78)
b = 33
B = 37°45'
A) A = 52°15', c = 41.7, a = 53.9 B) A = 52°15', c = 54.3, a = 41.6
C) A = 52°15', c = 53.9, a = 41.7 D) A = 52°15', c = 53.9, a = 42.6
Answer: D
79)
c = 32
B = 36°29'
A) A = 53°31', a = 19, b = 23.7 B) A = 53°31', a = 19, b = 25.7
C) A = 53°31', a = 25.7, b = 19 D) A = 53°31', a = 18.9, b = 25.8
Answer: C
13
80)
b = 33
B = 18°30'
A) A = 71°30', c = 104, a = 98.6 B) A = 71°30', c = 34.8, a = 104
C) A = 71°30', c = 104, a = 34.8 D) A = 71°30', c = 105.1, a = 34.8
Answer: A
Solve the right triangle.
81) A = 87°34', a = 8.38

A) B = 2°26', b = 0.4, c = 197.4 B) B = 2°26', b = 0.4, c = 8.4
C) B = 3°26', b = 197.2, c = 8.4 D) B = 87°34', b = 197.2, c = 0.4
Answer: B
82) a = 20.9, b = 25.6

A) A = 35.3, B = 54.7, c = 14.8 B) A = 39.2, B = 50.8, c = 33
C) A = 50.8, B = 39.2, c = 33 D) A = 39.2, B = 50.8, c = 14.8
Answer: B
83) a = 15.3, c = 29.6

A) A = 31.1, B = 31.1, b = 25.3 B) A = 62.7, B = 27.3, b = 33.3
C) A = 31.1, B = 58.9, b = 25.3 D) A = 31.1, B = 58.9, b = 33.3
Answer: C
84) b = 4.81, c = 7.55

A) A = 50.4, B = 39.6, a = 5.8 B) A = 50.4, B = 39.6, a = 9
C) A = 32.5, B = 57.5, a = 5.8 D) A = 57.5, B = 32.5, a = 9
Answer: A
85) b = 160, c = 450

A) A = 69.2, B = 20.8, a = 477.6 B) A = 69.2, B = 20.8, a = 420.6
C) A = 19.6, B = 70.4, a = 420.6 D) A = 70.4, B = 19.6, a = 477.6
Answer: B
14
86) B = 55.3°, c = 0.0664
A) A = 55.3°, a = 0.0378, b = 0.0546 B) A = 34.7°, a = 0.0546, b = 0.0378
C) A = 34.7°, a = 0.0378, b = 0.0546 D) A = 55.3°, a = 0.0546, b = 0.0378
Answer: C
87) A = 53.55°, c = 55.9

A) B = 36.45°, a = 33.2, b = 45.0 B) B = 36.45°, a = 45.0, b = 33.2
C) B = 53.55°, a = 33.2, b = 45.0 D) B = 53.55°, a = 45.0, b = 33.2
Answer: B
88) A = 44°, b = 47.8

A) B = 44°, a = 49.5, c = 34.4 B) B = 44°, a = 34.4, c = 46.2
C) B = 46°, a = 46.2, c = 66.4 D) B = 46°, a = 49.5, c = 68.8
Answer: C
89) B = 38°, a = 43.9

A) A = 38°, b = 56.2, c = 34.6 B) A = 52°, b = 34.3, c = 55.7
C) A = 38°, b = 34.6, c = 34.3 D) A = 52°, b = 56.2, c = 71.3
Answer: B
90) B = 33°, b = 51.7

A) A = 33°, a = 33.6, c = 43.4 B) A = 57°, a = 79.6, c = 94.9
C) A = 33°, a = 33.6, c = 94.9 D) A = 57°, a = 79.6, c = 61.6
Answer: B
Solve.
91) From a boat on the lake, the angle of elevation to the top of a cliff is 23°4'. If the base of the cliff is 1415 feet from
the boat, how high is the cliff (to the nearest foot)?
23°4'
1415 ft
A) 613 ft B) 616 ft C) 603 ft D) 606 ft

Answer: C
92) From a boat on the river below a dam, the angle of elevation to the top of the dam is 31°59'. If the dam is 2740
feet above the level of the river, how far is the boat from the base of the dam (to the nearest foot)?
2740 ft
31°59'
A) 4368 ft B) 4388 ft C) 4378 ft D) 4358 ft

Answer: B
15
93) From a balloon 1168 feet high, the angle of depression to the ranger headquarters is 88°31'. How far is the
headquarters from a point on the ground directly below the balloon (to the nearest foot)?
88°31'
1168 ft
A) 30 ft B) 25 ft C) 35 ft D) 20 ft
Answer: A
94) While visiting Wallawulla State Park, Joe approximated the angle of elevation to the top of a mound to be 25°.
After walking 400 feet closer, he guessed that the angle of elevation had increased by 16°. Approximately how
tall is the mound he was observing to the nearest foot?
25°
400 ft
A) 463 ft B) 746 ft C) 215 ft D) 140 ft
Answer: A
95) A regular octagon is inscribed in a circle with radius 28.1 centimeters. Find the perimeter of the octagon to the
nearest tenth of a centimeter.
28.1 cm
A) 86.8 cm B) 1729.7 cm C) 172.1 cm D) 534.5 cm

Answer: C
16
96) Your math class is going to test new digital clinometers by measuring the angle of elevation of a kite you will
fly. The kite flies to an angle of 51.5° on 360 feet of string. Assuming the the string is taut, how high is the kite to
the nearest foot?
360 ft
51.5°
A) 460 ft B) 453 ft C) 282 ft D) 224 ft

Answer: C
97) A blimp is 1900 meters high in the air and measures the angles of depression to two stadiums to the west of the
blimp. If those measurements are 65.1° and 24.4°, how far apart are the two stadiums to the nearest meter?
24.4° 65.1°
1900 m
A) 3307 m B) 5070 m C) 2505m D) 2426 m

Answer: A
98) What is the angle of elevation of the sun when a 35-foot flag pole casts a 20-foot shadow? Round to the nearest
tenth of a degree.
35 ft
20 ft
A) 29.7° B) 34.8° C) 60.3° D) 55.2°
Answer: C
17
99) You are hiking and are trying to determine how far away the nearest cabin is which happens to be due north
from your current position. A partner walks 180 yards due west from your position and takes a bearing on the
cabin of N 29.9° E. How far away is the cabin to the nearest yard?
29.9°
180 yd
A) 104 yd B) 361 yd C) 208 yd D) 313 yd

Answer: D
100) A vertical antenna is mounted atop a 27-foot pole. From a point on the level ground 58 feet from the base of the
pole, the antenna subtends an angle of 8.7°. Find the length of the antenna to the nearest tenth of a foot.
8.7°
27 ft
58 ft
A) 27.8 ft B) -18.1 ft C) 7.5 ft D) 11.6 ft

Answer: D
State in which quadrant the terminal side of the given angle lies.
101) 147°
A) II B) III C) I D) IV
Answer: A
102) -299°
A) IV B) III C) I D) II
Answer: C
103) 218°36'
A) II B) I C) IV D) III
Answer: D
104) 879°
A) IV B) II C) I D) III
Answer: B
18
105) -211.1°
A) I B) III C) IV D) II
Answer: D
106) 295°20'40''
A) III B) II C) IV D) I
Answer: C
107) -17.9°
A) III B) II C) IV D) I
Answer: C
108) 1266°
A) II B) I C) IV D) III
Answer: D
109) -681°
A) IV B) III C) I D) II
Answer: C
110) -118.2°
A) II B) IV C) III D) I
Answer: C
Find the measures of two angles, one positive and one negative, that are coterminal with the given angle.
111) 34°
A) 124°; -56° B) 214°; -146° C) 394°; -326° D) 394°; -146°
Answer: C
112) 122°
A) 482°; -58° B) 392°; -148° C) 302°; -58° D) 482°; -238°
Answer: D
113) 263°
A) 623°; -97° B) 533°; -7° C) 623°; -187° D) 443°; -97°
Answer: A
114) -111°
A) 249°; -291° B) 69°; -291° C) 249°; -471° D) 69°; -201°
Answer: C
115) -195°
A) 165°; -375° B) 165°; -555° C) 75°; -465° D) -735°; -555°
Answer: B
Solve.
116) Find the complement of an angle whose measure is 86°.
A) 176° B) 94° C) 86° D) 4°
Answer: D
19
117) Find the complement of an angle whose measure is 50.74°.
A) 39.26° B) 140.74° C) 50.74° D) 129.26°
Answer: A
118) Find the supplement of an angle whose measure is 78.15°.

A) 168.15° B) 258.15° C) 11.85° D) 101.85°
Answer: D
119) Find the complement of an angle whose measure is 52°5'33''.

A) 142°5'33'' B) 127°54'27'' C) 52°5'33'' D) 37°54'27''
Answer: D
120) Find the supplement of an angle whose measure is 52°57'16".

A) 127°2'44'' B) 142°57'16'' C) 52°57'16'' D) 37°2'44''
Answer: A
Find the trigonometric function value for the angle shown.

121) sin θ
4 5 3 3
A) sin θ = B) sin θ = C) sin θ = - D) sin θ = -
5 4 4 5
Answer: A
122) cot θ
4 3 3 4
A) cot θ = - B) cot θ = - C) cot θ = D) cot θ = -
5 5 4 3
Answer: D
20
123) cos θ
33 33 4 7
A) cos θ = B) cos θ = C) cos θ = D) cos θ =
7 4 7 4
Answer: C
124) tan θ
-4 33 - 33 -4 - 33
A) tan θ = B) tan θ = C) tan θ = D) tan θ =
33 4 7 7
Answer: A
125) sec θ
7 6 85 7 85
A) sec θ = B) sec θ = C) sec θ = D) sec θ =
6 7 7 85
Answer: C
21
126) csc θ
6 85 7 85 6
A) csc θ = B) csc θ = C) csc θ = D) csc θ =
85 6 6 7
Answer: C
127) sin θ
2 34 3 2 2 2 2 34
A) sin θ = B) sin θ = - C) sin θ = D) sin θ = -
17 4 3 17
Answer: D
128) tan θ
3 2 3 2 4 2 2
A) tan θ = - B) tan θ = C) tan θ = - D) tan θ =
34 4 34 3
Answer: B
22
129) cos θ
3 5 3 14 14 5
A) cos θ = - B) cos θ = C) cos θ = D) cos θ = -
5 14 3 3
Answer: B
130) cot θ
3 5 5 3 14 70
A) cot θ = B) cot θ = - C) cot θ = D) cot θ =
5 3 14 5
Answer: B
The terminal side of angle θ in standard position lies on the given line in the given quadrant. Find sin θ, cos θ, and tan θ.
131) y = 5x; quadrant I
26 26 5 26 26
A) sin θ = ; B) sin θ = ; C) sin θ = ; D) sin θ = ;
26 5 26 26
5 26 26 26 1
cos θ = ; cos θ = ; cos θ = ; cos θ = ;
26 26 26 5
tan θ = 26 1 tan θ = 5 tan θ = 5
tan θ =
5
Answer: C
23
132) y = -9x; quadrant II
82 9 82 82 9 82
A) sin θ = - ; B) sin θ = ; C) sin θ = ; D) sin θ = - ;
82 82 82 82
9 82 82 9 82 82
cos θ = ; cos θ = - ; cos θ = - ; cos θ = ;
82 82 82 82
tan θ = -9 tan θ = -9 tan θ = -9 tan θ = -9
Answer: B
133) y = 4x; quadrant III

17 4 17 4 17 4 17
A) sin θ = - ; B) sin θ = - ; C) sin θ = ; D) sin θ = - ;
4 17 17 17
4 17 17 cos θ = -4; 17
cos θ = ; cos θ = - ; cos θ = - ;
17 17 17 17
tan θ = -
1 tan θ = 4 17 1
tan θ = - tan θ =
4 4
Answer: B
134) 3x + 2y = 0; quadrant II
2 13 3 13 3 13 2 13
A) sin θ = ; B) sin θ = ; C) sin θ = - ; D) sin θ = - ;
13 13 13 13
3 13 2 13 2 13 3 13
cos θ = - ; cos θ = - ; cos θ = ; cos θ = ;
13 13 13 13
2 3 3 2
tan θ = - tan θ = - tan θ = - tan θ = -
3 2 2 3
Answer: B
135) 5x + 7y = 0; quadrant III

5 74 7 74 5 74 5 74
A) sin θ = - ; B) sin θ = - ; C) sin θ = - ; D) sin θ = ;
74 74 74 74
7 74 5 74 74 7 74
cos θ = - ; cos θ = - ; cos θ = - ; cos θ = - ;
74 74 74 74
5 7 74 5
tan θ = tan θ = - tan θ = tan θ = -
7 5 7 7
Answer: A
136) 2x + 5y = 0; quadrant IV
2 29 2 29 2 29 5 29
A) sin θ = - ; B) sin θ = - ; C) sin θ = ; D) sin θ = - ;
29 29 29 29
5 29 5 29 29 2 29
cos θ = ; cos θ = ; cos θ = ; cos θ = ;
29 29 29 29
2 tan θ = -5 29 5
tan θ = - tan θ = - tan θ = -
5 5 2
Answer: A
24
Find the trigonometric function value of angle θ.
4
137) cos θ = and θ in quadrant IV
9
Find sin θ.
9 65 65
A) - 65 B) - C) - D) -
4 9 4
Answer: C
9
138) sec θ = and θ in quadrant IV
8
Find tan θ.
9 17 17
A) - B) - C) - D) - 17
8 8 9
Answer: B
7
139) sin θ = - and θ in quadrant III
13
Find sec θ.
7 30 13 30 13 30 13
A) - B) - C) - D)
60 60 13 7
Answer: B
11
140) csc θ = - and θ in quadrant III
3
Find cot θ.
11 7 4 7 4 7 3 7
A) - B) C) - D) -
28 3 11 28
Answer: B
4
141) tan θ = - and θ in quadrant II
3
Find cos θ.
25 25 3 25 3 25
A) - B) C) D) -
3 4 25 25
Answer: D
5
142) cot θ = - and θ in quadrant II
4
Find csc θ.
5 41 5 41 41 41
A) - B) C) - D)
41 41 5 4
Answer: D
25
4
143) sin θ = and θ in quadrant II
13
Find cot θ.
185 3 17 3 17 185
A) - B) - C) D)
4 4 4 4
Answer: B
Find the reference angle for the given angle.

144) 510°
A) 90° B) 45° C) 60° D) 30°
Answer: D
145) 225°
A) 90° B) 45° C) 60° D) 30°
Answer: B
146) 480°
A) 45° B) -60° C) 60° D) 30°
Answer: C
147) -570°
A) 60° B) -30° C) -60° D) 30°
Answer: D
148) -765°
A) 90° B) 45° C) 30° D) -45°
Answer: B
149) -660°
A) -30° B) 30° C) 60° D) -60°
Answer: C
Find the exact function value if it exists.

150) sin 0°
1
A) 1 B) 0 C) Undefined D)
2
Answer: B
151) cot 90°

2
A) 0 B) Undefined C) 1 D)
2
Answer: A
152) sec 270°

2 3
A) 0 B) -1 C) Undefined D)
3
Answer: C
26
153) sin 300°
1 3 2 3
A) B) - C) - D)
2 2 2 2
Answer: B
154) cos 210°

3 1 2 1
A) - B) - C) D)
2 2 2 2
Answer: A
155) tan 240°

2 3
A) - B) -2 C) -1 D) 3
3
Answer: D
156) cot 240°

2 3 3
A) - B) 1 C) -2 D)
3 3
Answer: D
157) sec 150°

2 3 2 3 3 3
A) - B) C) - D)
3 3 2 2
Answer: A
158) csc 150°

1 1
A) -2 B) C) - D) 2
2 2
Answer: D
159) sin (-630°)

1
A) 1 B) C) 0 D) Undefined
2
Answer: A
160) csc (-90°)

A) 2 B) -1 C) Undefined D) 0
Answer: B
161) sin (-135°)

2 2 3 1
A) B) - C) D)
2 2 2 2
Answer: B
27
162) cos (-225°)
3 2 2 1
A) - B) C) - D)
2 2 2 2
Answer: C
163) sec (-225°)

3 1
A) 2 B) - C) - 2 D)
2 2
Answer: C
164) csc (-210°)

3 2 3 2
A) 2 B) C) - D) -
2 3 2
Answer: A
165) cot (-150°)

2 3 3
A) - B) 3 C) D) -2
3 3
Answer: B
166) tan -225°

2
A) 1 B) 2 C) -1 D)
2
Answer: C
Find the exact trigonometric function value.

167) csc 1500°
3 2 3
A) -2 B) 2 C) - D)
3 3
Answer: D
168) csc (-300°)

3 2 3
A) - B) C) -2 D) 2
3 3
Answer: B
169) sec 1215°

2 3 2
A) B) C) - 2 D) 2
3 2
Answer: C
170) sec (-2655°)

2 3
A) B) -1 C) - 2 D) -
2 3
Answer: C
28
171) tan 1230°
2 3
A) B) - C) - 3 D) 1
2 3
Answer: B
172) cot (-1035°)

3
A) 1 B) 3 C) D) -1
3
Answer: A
173) sin (-1740°)

3 2 1
A) -1 B) C) D)
2 2 2
Answer: B
174) sin 1755°

3 2 1
A) - B) - C) - D) 2 3
2 2 2
Answer: B
175) cos 1320°

2 3 1
A) - 3 B) C) - D) -
2 2 2
Answer: D
176) cos (-690°)

3 1 1 3
A) - B) - C) D)
2 2 2 2
Answer: D
Find the sign of the six trigonometric function values for the given angle.
177) 346°
A) Positive: cosine, secant; negative: sine, tangent, cotangent cosecant
B) Positive: sine and cosecant; negative: cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant
C) Positive: all
D) Positive: sine, tangent, cotangent cosecant; negative: cosine and secant
Answer: A
178) 209°
A) Positive: cosine and secant; negative: sine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant
B) Positive: tangent and cotangent; negative: sine, cosine, secant, cosecant
C) Positive: sine and cosecant; negative: cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant
D) Negative: all
Answer: B
29
179) 165°
B) Negative: all
C) Positive: tangent and cotangent; negative: sine, cosine, secant, cosecant
D) Positive: sine and cosecant; negative: cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant
Answer: D
180) 56°
A) Positive: sine and cosine; negative: tangent, cotangent, secant, cosecant
C) Positive: cosine and secant; negative: sine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant
D) Positive: all
Answer: D
181) -4°
A) Positive: all
B) Positive: tangent, cotangent; negative: sine, cosine, secant, cosecant
C) Positive: cosine and secant; negative: sine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant
Answer: C
182) -163°
A) Positive: sine and cosecant; negative: cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant
C) Negative: all
D) Positive: cosine and secant; negative: sine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant
Answer: B
183) -232°
A) Negative: all
D) Positive: cosine and secant; negative: sine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant
Answer: B
184) -341°
A) Positive: tangent and cotangent; negative: sine, cosine, secant, cosecant
B) Positive: sine, cosine; negative: tangent, cotangent, secant, cosecant
C) Positive: cosine and secant; negative: sine, tangent, cotangent, secant
D) Positive: all
Answer: D
185) 526°
C) Negative: all
D) Positive: tangent and cotangent; negative: sine, cosine, secant, cosecant
Answer: B
30
186) 556°
A) Negative: all
B) Positive: cosine and secant; negative: sine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant
Answer: C
Without using the trigonometric function keys, use a calculator and the given trigonometric values to find the indicated
value. Round to four decimal places.
187) Given:
sin 48° = 0.7431
cos 48° = 0.6691
tan 48° = 1.1106
Find sin 132°.

A) 0.7431 B) -1.1106 C) -0.7431 D) -0.6691
Answer: A
188) Given:
sin 62° = 0.8829
cos 62° = 0.4695
tan 62° = 1.8807
Find cos 242°.

A) -0.4695 B) 0.8829 C) -0.8829 D) 0.4695
Answer: A
189) Given:
sin 27° = 0.4540
cos 27° = 0.8910
tan 27° = 0.5095
Find tan 333°.

A) -0.4540 B) 0.8910 C) 0.5095 D) -0.5095
Answer: D
190) Given:
sin 68° = 0.9272
cos 68° = 0.3746
tan 68° = 2.4751
Find sec 292°.

A) -1.0785 B) -0.9272 C) 0.3746 D) 1.0785
Answer: D
31
191) Given:
sin 19° = 0.3256
cos 19° = 0.9455
tan 19° = 0.3443
Find csc 161°.

A) -1.0576 B) 1.0576 C) 0.3256 D) 3.0713
Answer: B
192) Given:
sin 53° = 0.7986
cos 53° = 0.6018
tan 53° = 1.3270
Find cot 233°.

A) 1.3270 B) -1.3270 C) 0.7536 D) -0.7536
Answer: C
Solve.
193) A boat sails for 4 hours at 15 mph in a direction 169°54'. How far south has it sailed (to the nearest mile)?
A) 59 mi B) 61 mi C) 57 mi D) 55 mi
Answer: A
194) An airplane travels at 200 km/h for 2 hr in a direction of 338° from St. Louis. At the end of this time, how far
west of St. Louis is the plane (to the nearest kilometer)?
A) 1068 B) 150 C) 990 D) 371
Answer: B
195) An airplane travels at 185 km/h for 4 hr in a direction of 126° from Glenview Naval Air Station. At the end of
this time, how far east of the Glenview Naval Air Station is the plane (to the nearest kilometer)?
A) 538 B) 915 C) 435 D) 599
Answer: D
Use a calculator to find the function value to four decimal places.

196) sin 581°
A) -0.9455 B) -0.7547 C) -0.6561 D) -0.1908
Answer: C
197) sin (-636°)

A) 0.9135 B) 0.1045 C) 0.8090 D) 0.9945
Answer: D
198) cos 689°

A) 0.4848 B) 0.9998 C) 0.8572 D) -0.5150
Answer: C
199) cos (-474°)

A) -0.8090 B) -0.9135 C) -0.4067 D) 0.1045
Answer: C
32
200) tan 558°
A) 0.3249 B) -0.2126 C) 1.1106 D) -0.9511
Answer: A
201) cot (-659°)

A) 0.5543 B) -0.0175 C) 0.6009 D) 1.8041
Answer: A
202) tan 537.2°

A) 0.0488 B) -0.9988 C) -0.0489 D) -20.4465
Answer: C
203) sin 755°15'

A) 1.7327 B) 0.5757 C) 0.5771 D) 0.8166
Answer: C
204) csc 9133.7°

A) 1.3832 B) -1.4474 C) 1.0000 D) 0.0063
Answer: A
205) sec 974°13'

A) 0.9983 B) -3.6765 C) -1.0392 D) -3.6569
Answer: B
Use a calculator to find a nonnegative angle less than 360° for the function value. Round to the nearest degree.
206) sin θ = 0.7986, (90°, 180°)
A) 127° B) 307° C) 53° D) 233°
Answer: A
207) sin θ = -0.5150, (180°, 270°)

A) 149° B) 211° C) 329° D) 31°
Answer: B
208) cos θ = 0.5150, (270 °, 360°)

A) 301° B) 239° C) 59° D) 121°
Answer: A
209) cos θ = -0.6691, (90°, 180°)

A) 312° B) 48° C) 228° D) 132°
Answer: D
210) tan θ = 2.0503, (180°, 270°)

A) 244° B) 296° C) 116° D) 64°
Answer: A
211) csc θ = -1.3673, (180°, 270°)

A) 47° B) 133° C) 313° D) 227°
Answer: D
33
212) csc θ = -1.0263, (270°, 360°)
A) 283° B) 77° C) 103° D) 257°
Answer: A
Using the given real number, mark the point it determines on the unit circle.
π
213)
4
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: A
34
3π
214)
4
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: B
35
7π
215)
6
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: B
36
7π
216)
4
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: D
37
13π
217)
6
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: C
38
17π
218)
6
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: D
39
7π
219) -
6
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: A
40
π
220) -
4
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: C
41
5π
221) -
6
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: D
42
11π
222) -
4
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: B
43
Find two real numbers between -2π and 2π that determine the point on the unit circle.
223)
π -5π 2π -4π π -5π -π 5π

A) , B) , C) , D) ,
6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3
Answer: C
224)
π -3π π -7π -π 3π
A) , B) , C) π, -π D) ,
2 2 4 4 2 2
Answer: A
225)
-3π -5π 5π -7π 3π -5π 2π -4π

A) , B) , C) , D) ,
4 4 6 6 4 4 3 3
Answer: C
226)
2π -4π 5π -7π -5π 7π 3π -5π

A) , B) , C) , D) ,
3 3 6 6 6 6 4 4
Answer: B
44
227)
5π -π 4π -2π -5π π 11π -π

A) , B) , C) , D) ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 6 6
Answer: A
228)
5π -π 7π -π 11π -π π -7π
A) , B) , C) , D) ,
3 3 4 4 6 6 4 4
Answer: B
229)
π -5π π -11π -π 11π π -7π

A) , B) , C) , D) ,
3 3 6 6 6 6 4 4
Answer: B
230)
A) -π, 0 B) 0, 2π C) π, 3π D) π, -π
Answer: D
45
Using the given real number, mark the approximate location of the point it determines on the unit circle.
231) 3.38
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: B
46
232) 7.96
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: C
47
233) 37
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: C
48
234) 13.6
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: C
49
235) 53
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: A
50
236) 169
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: A
51
237) 0.11
y
A) y B) y
x x
C) y D) y
x x
Answer: D
Find the measures of two angles, one positive and one negative, that are coterminal with the given angle.
π
238)
5
6π 4π π π 11π 9π 11π π
A) ;- B) + 360°; - 360° C) ;- D) ;-
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Answer: C
3π
239)
5
13π 7π 8π 8π 8π 7π 7π 13π
A) ;- B) ;- C) ;- D) ;-
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Answer: A
52
11π
240)
10
21π 21π 21π 9π 9π 31π 31π 9π
A) ;- B) ;- C) ;- D) ;-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Answer: D
7π
241)
8
23 9 15π 1π 9π 5π 23π 9π
A) ,- B) ,- C) ,- D) ,-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Answer: D
5π
242) -
12
3π 7π 19π 19π 19π 29π 29π 19π
A) ,- B) ,- C) ,- D) ,-
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
Answer: C
Find the supplement or complement.

π
243) Supplement of
6
π π 2π 5π
A) B) C) D)
3 2 3 6
Answer: D
5π
244) Complement of
12
π 11π π 7π
A) B) C) D)
12 12 2 12
Answer: A
π
245) Supplement of
2
7π π π 3π
A) B) C) - D)
12 2 12 4
Answer: B
π
246) Complement of
4
5π π 3π 2π
A) B) C) D)
8 4 4 3
Answer: B
53
π
247) Supplement of
4
π π 5π 3π
A) B) C) D)
2 4 6 4
Answer: D
7π
248) Supplement of
9
π 2π π π
A) B) C) D)
12 9 9 6
Answer: B
Convert to radian measure. Leave your answer in terms of π.

249) 45°
π π π π
A) B) C) D)
6 3 5 4
Answer: D
250) -45°
π π π π
A) - B) - C) - D) -
4 3 6 5
Answer: A
251) 135°
2 10 3 8
A) π B) π C) π D) π
3 13 4 11
Answer: C
252) 490°
49 49 13 49
9 36 18 18
Answer: D
253) -43.3°
136.7 316.7 226.7 46.7
180 180 180 180
Answer: B
254) 330.4°
330.4 465.4 150.4 240.4
180 180 180 180
Answer: A
Convert to radian measure. Round to two decimal places.

255) 31°
A) 0.54 B) 0.27 C) 0.36 D) 1.08
Answer: A
54
256) 64°
A) 0.82 B) 0.92 C) 1.02 D) 1.12
Answer: D
257) -313.5°
A) -5.48 B) -5.46 C) -5.49 D) -5.47
Answer: D
258) 56.4°
A) 0.98 B) 0.97 C) 0.96 D) 0.99
Answer: A
259) 78.2°
A) 1.32 B) 1.37 C) 1.33 D) 1.36
Answer: D
Convert to degree measure. Round to two decimal places, if necessary.

π
260)
3
π °
A) B) 60π° C) 1.05° D) 60°
3
Answer: D
π
261) -
3
π °
A) - B) -1.05° C) -60° D) -60π°
3
Answer: C
9π
262)
2
A) 810° B) 40π° C) 1620° D) 160°
Answer: A
49
263) π
18
A) 245° B) 980π° C) 490° D) 8.55°
Answer: C
264) -0.328
A) -18.29° B) -17.79° C) -18.79° D) -19.49°
Answer: C
265) 6
A) 687.34° B) 687.54° C) 343.97° D) 343.77°
Answer: D
55
266) -1.9
A) -108.86° B) -217.72° C) -217.52° D) -109.06°
Answer: A
3π
267)
9
A) 120° B) 1.05° C) 60° D) 70°
Answer: C
Find the corresponding angle measure in radians.

268) 315°
y
3π 7π 5π 2π
A) B) C) D)
4 4 4 3
Answer: B
269) -150°
y
2π 7π π 5π
A) B) C) D)
3 6 6 3
Answer: B
Complete the table. Round answers to two decimal places.

Distance, s
270) (arc length) Radius, r Angle, θ
10 yd 11 yd ________
A) 1.10 B) 0.91 C) 110.00 D) 1.82

Answer: B
56
Distance, s
6 ft ________ 30 °
A) 5.73 ft B) 0.09 ft C) 3.14 ft D) 11.46 ft

Answer: D
Distance, s
(arc length) Radius, r Angle, θ
272) 7π
__________ 2.3 cm
12
A) 8.44 cm B) 4.22 cm C) 1.26 cm D) 0.79 cm

Answer: B
Distance, s
33 m ________ 6.4
A) 0.52 m B) 5.16 m C) 0.19 m D) 21,120 m

Answer: B
Solve.
274) A bicycle wheel rotates 70 times in 1 minute. Through how many degrees does a point on the tip of the wheel
move in 11 seconds?
A) 420° B) 66° C) 4620° D) 770°
Answer: C
275) A pulley rotates through 70° in one minute. How many rotations does the pulley make in an hour?
A) 420.0 rotations B) 210.0 rotations C) 23.3 rotations D) 11.7 rotations
Answer: D
276) A car wheel has a 16-inch radius. Through what angle (to the nearest tenth of a degree) does the wheel turn
when the car rolls forward 2 ft?
A) 90.9° B) 95.9° C) 85.9° D) 100.9°
Answer: C
277) A wheel with a 40-inch radius is marked at two points on the rim. The distance between the marks along the
wheel is found to be 19 inches. What is the angle (to the nearest tenth of a degree) between the radii to the two
marks?
A) 29.2° B) 25.2° C) 27.2° D) 23.2°
Answer: C
278) A wheel is rotating at 6 radians/sec, and the wheel has a 38-inch diameter. To the nearest foot per minute, what
is the linear speed of a point on the rim?
A) 570 ft/min B) 560 ft/min C) 565 ft/min D) 575 ft/min
Answer: A
57
279) A wheel with a 19-inch diameter is turning at the rate of 53 revolutions per minute. To the nearest inch per
minute, what is the linear speed of a point on the rim?
A) 3217 in./min B) 3164 in./min C) 3171 in./min D) 3210 in./min
Answer: B
280) In a circle with a 15-ft radius, how long is an arc associated with an angle of 2.4 radians?
A) 6.3 ft B) 12.6 ft C) 17.4 ft D) 36 ft
Answer: D
281) A bicyclist's average linear speed during a race was 31 mph. His bicycle wheel has a 17-in. diameter. What was
the angular speed of the wheel in revolutions per hour? Round to the nearest tenth.
A) 3064.8 revolutions per hour B) 115,538.8 revolutions per hour
C) 36,777.2 revolutions per hour D) 1.8 revolutions per hour
Answer: C
282) The rear wheel of a lawn tractor has a 10-in. radius. Find the angle (in radians) through which a wheel rotates
in 30 sec if the tractor is traveling at a speed of 9 mph? Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary.
A) 475.2 radians B) 52.8 radians C) 27 radians D) 1,710,720 radians
Answer: A
283) A cylinder on John Lennon Guttenberg's printing press has a 36.6 cm diameter. The linear speed of a point on
the cylinder's surface is 128 meters per minute. What is the angular speed of the cylinder in revolutions per
hour? Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary.
A) 5.8 revolutions per hour B) 1.9 revolutions per hour
C) 18.6 revolutions per hour D) 111.3 revolutions per hour
Answer: B
Give the coordinates of the point described on the unit circle.

2 3
284) The reflection of the point , - across the x-axis
5 5
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
A) - ,- B) , C) - , D) ,-
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Answer: B
1 4
285) The reflection of the point - ,- across the y-axis
5 5
1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4
A) - , B) , C) ,- D) - ,-
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Answer: C
1 1
286) The reflection of the point , across the origin
5 5
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
A) - ,- B) , C) ,- D) - ,
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Answer: A
58
5 11
287) The reflection of the point , across the x-axis
6 6
5 11 5 11 5 11 5 11
A) , B) ,- C) - ,- D) - ,
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Answer: B
5 11
288) The reflection of the point , across the y-axis
6 6
5 11 5 11 5 11 5 11
A) - , B) ,- C) , D) - ,-
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Answer: A
1 11
289) The reflection of the point , across the origin
3 6
1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11
A) , B) ,- C) - , D) - ,-
3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6
Answer: D
Answer the question.

290) The numbers θ and -θ determine the points A and B, respectively, on the unit circle. How are the points A and
B related?
A) B is the reflection of A through the origin. B) B is the reflection of A about the y-axis.
C) A and B are the same point. D) B is the reflection of A about the x-axis.
Answer: D
291) The numbers θ and π + θ determine the points A and B, respectively, on the unit circle. How are the points A
and B related?
A) B is the reflection of A through the origin. B) B is the reflection of A about the y-axis.
C) A and B are the same point. D) B is the reflection of A about the x-axis.
Answer: A
π
292) The numbers θ and θ + determine the points A and B, respectively, on the unit circle. How are the points A
2
and B related?
A) B is the reflection of A through the origin.
B) B is the reflection of A about the y-axis.
C) B is the reflection of A about the x-axis.
D) The symmetry relationship between A and B cannot be determined without knowing the value of θ.
Answer: D
Find the exact circular function value.

-2π
293) cos
3
1 3 3
A) - B) C) - D) Not defined
2 2 2
Answer: A
59
3π
294) sin
4
2 2 1 1
A) - B) C) - D)
2 2 2 2
Answer: B
-2π
295) sin
3
3 3 1
A) - B) C) - D) -1
2 2 2
Answer: A
296) cos 2π
1
A) 0 B) -1 C) 1 D)
2
Answer: C
-5π
297) tan
6
3 3
A) - 3 B) 3 C) D)
2 3
Answer: D
5π
298) tan
4
3
A) B) 1 C) -1 D) 3
3
Answer: B
5π
299) csc
3
1 2 3
A) - B) - 3 C) - D) - 2
2 3
Answer: C
-5π
300) sec
4
2 2 3
A) -2 B) C) - D) - 2
2 3
Answer: D
-11π
301) cot
6
3 3
A) 3 B) C) - 3 D) -
3 3
Answer: A
60
302) cot π
A) 0 B) 1 C) -1 D) Not defined
Answer: D
Find the function value using a calculator set in RADIAN mode. Round the answer to four decimal places, where
approximate.
3π
303) sin
7
A) 0.2225 B) 0.9504 C) 0.7524 D) 0.9749
Answer: D
304) cos 5.12

A) 0.0623 B) 0.3964 C) -0.0623 D) -0.3964
Answer: B
305) sin(-4.87)
A) 0.1570 B) 0.8306 C) 0.9754 D) 0.9876
Answer: D
4π
306) cos -
7
A) -0.2225 B) 0.0110 C) -0.0110 D) 0.2225
Answer: A
307) sec 0.47

A) 1.1216 B) 0.5080 C) 0.4529 D) 0.8916
Answer: A
308) tan 0.27

A) 0.2768 B) 0.9638 C) 0.2667 D) 1.0376
Answer: A
309) sec 2.68

A) 0.4454 B) -0.8953 C) -0.4974 D) -1.1169
Answer: D
310) tan 3.9

A) -0.6878 B) 0.9474 C) -1.3775 D) -0.7259
Answer: B
311) csc 4.13

A) -0.8352 B) -0.5500 C) -1.1974 D) -1.8181
Answer: C
312) cot 4.32

A) -2.6151 B) 2.4163 C) 0.4139 D) -0.3824
Answer: C
Graph each using translations or reflections.
61
313) y = -sin(-x)
y
-3 -  3 x
-2 -  2
2 2 2 2
-1
-2
A) B)
y y
2 2
1 1
-3 -  3 x -3 -  3 x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
-1 -1
-2 -2
C) D)
y y
2 2
1 1
-3 -  3 x -3 -  3 x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
-1 -1
-2 -2
Answer: D
62
314) y = -cos(-x)
y
-3 -  3 x
-2 -  2
2 2 2 2
-1
-2
A) B)
y y
2 2
1 1
-3 -  3 x -3 -  3 x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
-1 -1
-2 -2
C) D)
y y
2 2
1 1
-3 -  3 x -3 -  3 x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
-1 -1
-2 -2
Answer: D
63
315) y = tan(-x)
y
3
-3 -  3 x
- 
2 2 2 2
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-3 -  3 x -3 -  3 x
-  - 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-3 -  3 x -3 -  3 x
-  - 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: A
64
π
316) y = sin x +
2
y
4
-3 -  3 x
-2 -  2
2 2 -1 2 2
-2
-3
-4
A) B)
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-3 -  3 x -3 -  3 x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
2 2 -1 2 2 2 2 -1 2 2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
C) D)
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-3 -  3 x -3 -  3 x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
2 2 -1 2 2 2 2 -1 2 2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
Answer: D
65
3π
317) y = sin x -
2
5 y
4
3
2
1
-5 -3 -  3 5 x
-3 -2 -  2 3
2 2 2 -1 2 2 2
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) B)
5 y 5 y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -3 -  3 5 x -5 -3 -  3 5 x

-3 -2 -  2 3 -3 -2 -  2 3
2 2 2 -1 2 2 2 2 2 2 -1 2 2 2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
C) D)
5 y 5 y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -3 -  3 5 x -5 -3 -  3 5 x

-3 -2 -  2 3 -3 -2 -  2 3
2 2 2 -1 2 2 2 2 2 2 -1 2 2 2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
Answer: A
66
318) y = cos x + π
y
4
-3 -  3 x
-2 -  2
2 2 -1 2 2
-2
-3
-4
A) B)
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-3 -  3 x -3 -  3 x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
2 2 -1 2 2 2 2 -1 2 2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
C) D)
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-3 -  3 x -3 -  3 x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
2 2 -1 2 2 2 2 -1 2 2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
Answer: C
List the quadrants in which the function has the given sign.
319) sine is negative
A) II, IV B) I, III C) II, III D) III, IV
Answer: D
67
320) cosine is negative
A) II, IV B) II, III C) I, III D) III, IV
Answer: B
321) secant is positive

A) II, IV B) I, III C) I, IV D) I, II
Answer: C
322) cosecant is negative

A) II, IV B) II, III C) III, IV D) I, III
Answer: C
323) tangent is positive

A) II, IV B) I, III C) I, II D) I, IV
Answer: B
324) cotangent is negative

A) I, III B) II, IV C) III, IV D) II, III
Answer: B
Use a graphing calculator to graph the function using the given viewing window parameters.
325) y = -2 cos x
y
3
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
68
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: B
326) y = 3 sin x
y
3
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
69
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: D
3 4
327) y = sin x
2 3
y
3
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
70
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: C
1 1
328) y = cos x
2 2
y
3
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
71
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: A
329) y = cos x + 1
y
3
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
72
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: A
330) y = sin x + 2
y
3
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
73
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: B
331) y = sin (-3x)

y
3
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
74
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: A
332) y = cos (-6x)

y
3
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
75
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: B
π
333) y = sin x +
3
y
3
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
76
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: A
π
334) y = cos x +
4
y
3
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
77
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: D
1 π
335) y = cos x +
4 6
y
2
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
A) B)
y y
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
78
C) D)
y y
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
Answer: C
1
336) y = sin x +
4
y
2
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
A) B)
y y
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
79
C) D)
y y
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
Answer: D
π
337) y = 2 sin x -
4
y
4
3
2
1
x
-2 - -1  2
-2
-3
-4
A) B)
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 - -1  2 -2 - -1  2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
80
C) D)
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 - -1  2 -2 - -1  2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
Answer: A
1
338) y = cos x +2
4
y
5
4
3
2
1
-8 -4 4 8 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) B)
y y
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
81
C) D)
y y
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
Answer: C
1
339) y = cos x + 4
2
y
5
4
3
2
1
x
-2 - -1  2
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) B)
y y
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 - -1  2 -2 - -1  2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
82
C) D)
y y
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 - -1  2 -2 - -1  2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
Answer: B
1 π
340) y = sin x+
3 4
y
2
x
-4 -3 -2 -  2 3 4
-1
-2
A) B)
y y
2 2
1 1
x x
-4 -3 -2 -  2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -  2 3 4
-1 -1
-2 -2
83
C) D)
y y
2 2
1 1
x x
-4 -3 -2 -  2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -  2 3 4
-1 -1
-2 -2
Answer: D
1
341) y = -sin (-x) +
2
y
2
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
A) B)
y y
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
84
C) D)
y y
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
Answer: B
1 π
342) y = cos 2x +
4 3
y
2
x
-2 -  2
-1
-2
A) B)
y y
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
85
C) D)
y y
2 2
1 1
x x
-2 -  2 -2 -  2
-1 -1
-2 -2
Answer: B
Find the amplitude, period or phase shift.

π
343) Find the amplitude of y = 2 cos 4x + .
4
π
A) 4 B) 2 C) 8 D)
2
Answer: B
π
344) Find the amplitude of y = -5 sin 2x + .
2
π
A) B) -10 C) 5 D) 2
2
Answer: C
345) Find the amplitude of y = -5 cos (4x - π).

A) 4 B) π C) 5 D) -20
Answer: C
346) Find the amplitude of y = 2 sin (4x + π).

A) 8 B) π C) 2 D) 4
Answer: C
π
347) Find the period of y = 2 sin 6x + .
2
π
A) π B) 2 C) D) 6
3
Answer: C
π
348) Find the period of y = -4 cos 3x + .
2
2π π
A) 4 B) C) π D)
3 2
Answer: B
86
1 π
349) Find the period of y = 4 sin x- .
3 2
π
A) B) 6π C) 3π D) 4π
2
Answer: B
1 π
350) Find the period of y = -5 cos x+ .
3 3
2π
A) 6π B) 3π C) D) 5π
3
Answer: A
π
351) Find the phase shift of y = 3 + 2sin 5x + .
4
π π π π
A) to the left B) to the left C) to the right D) to the right
20 4 8 20
Answer: A
π
352) Find the phase shift of y = -5 + 2sin 4x - .
6
π π π π
A) to the right B) to the left C) to the right D) to the left
12 24 24 6
Answer: C
87
Match the function with its graph.
353) 1) y = sin x 2) y = cos x
3) y = -sin x 4) y = -cos x
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
A) 1A, 2D, 3C, 4B B) 1C, 2A, 3B, 4D C) 1B, 2D, 3C, 4A D) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D
Answer: B
88
354) 1) y = sin 3x 2) y = 3 cos x
3) y = 3 sin x 4) y = cos 3x
A) B)
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
C) D)
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
A) 1A, 2C, 3D, 4B B) 1A, 2D, 3C, 4B C) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D D) 1B, 2D, 3C, 4A
Answer: D
89
1 1
355) 1) y = sin x 2) y = cos x
4 4
1 1
3) y = sin x 4) y = cos x
4 4
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
A) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D B) 1A, 2D, 3C, 4B C) 1B, 2D, 3C, 4A D) 1A, 2C, 3D, 4B
Answer: C
90
π π
356) 1) y = sin x - 2) y = cos x +
3 3
π π
3) y = sin x + 4) y = cos x -
3 3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
A) 1C, 2A, 3B, 4D B) 1A, 2D, 3C, 4B C) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D D) 1B, 2D, 3C, 4A
Answer: A
91
357) 1) y = 2 + sin x 2) y = 2 + cos x
3) y = -2 + sin x 4) y = -2 + cos x
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
A) 1A, 2C, 3D, 4B B) 1A, 2D, 3C, 4B C) 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D D) 1B, 2D, 3C, 4A
Answer: D
Determine the equation of the function that is graphed.

358)
y
5
x
-2 2
-5
A) y = cos x + 4 B) y = sin (x - 4) C) y = -4 sin x D) y = cos x - 4

Answer: D
92
359)
y
5
x
-2 2
-5
A) y = -3 cos x B) y = 3 sin x C) y = cos x - 3 D) y = -3 sin x

Answer: A
360)
y
5
x
-2 2
-5
A) y = sin (x - 3) B) y = cos (-3x) C) y = sin (-3x) D) y = -3 cos x

Answer: B
361)
y
5
x
-2 2
-5
1 1
A) y = cos - x B) y = sin - x C) y = cos -4x D) y = -4 sin x
4 4
Answer: A
93
362)
y
5
x
-2 2
-5
A) y = cos (x + 2) B) y = sin x - 2 C) y = 2 cos x D) y = sin x + 2

Answer: D
363)
y
5
x
-2 2
-5
A) y = sin (x - 3) B) y = -3 sin x C) y = cos x - 3 D) y = -3 cos x

Answer: B
364)
y
5
x
-2 2
-5
A) y = sin (-4x) B) y = cos (-4x) C) y = -4 sin x D) y = cos x - 4

Answer: A
94
365)
y
5
x
-2 2
-5
1 1
A) y = sin x B) y = sin 3x C) y = cos x D) y = cos 3x
3 3
Answer: A
366)
y
5
x
-2 2
-5
A) y = 1 + 3 cos x B) y = 2 + 2 cos x C) y = 1 + 2 sin x D) y = 1 + 2 cos x

Answer: D
367)
y
5
x
-2 2
-5
π π π π
A) y = -2 sin x - B) y = 2 sin x - C) y = 2 cos x - D) y = -2 cos x -
3 3 3 3
Answer: B
Graph using addition of ordinates. Then check your work using a graphing calculator.
95
368) y = x + cos x viewing window [-2π, 2π, -10, 10]
10 y
x
-2 2
-10
A) B)
10 y 10 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-10 -10
C) D)
10 y 10 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-10 -10
Answer: A
96
369) y = -x - cos x viewing window [-2π, 2π, -10, 10]
10 y
x
-2 2
-10
A) B)
10 y 10 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-10 -10
C) D)
10 y 10 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-10 -10
Answer: C
97
370) y = sin x - x viewing window [-2π, 2π, -10, 10]
10 y
x
-2 2
-10
A) B)
10 y 10 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-10 -10
C) D)
10 y 10 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-10 -10
Answer: C
98
371) y = -x - sin x viewing window [-2π, 2π, -10, 10]
10 y
x
-2 2
-10
A) B)
10 y 10 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-10 -10
C) D)
10 y 10 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-10 -10
Answer: C
99
372) y = sin 2x + 2x viewing window [-2π, 2π, -10, 10]
10 y
x
-2 2
-10
A) B)
10 y 10 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-10 -10
C) D)
10 y 10 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-10 -10
Answer: B
100
373) y = sin 3x + cos 2x viewing window [-2π, 2π, -5, 5]
5 y
x
-2 2
-5
A) B)
5 y 5 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-5 -5
C) D)
5 y 5 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-5 -5
Answer: A
101
374) y = 3 sin 2x - 2 cos x viewing window [-2π, 2π, -5, 5]
5 y
x
-2 2
-5
A) B)
5 y 5 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-5 -5
C) D)
5 y 5 y
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-5 -5
Answer: C
102
375) y = 6.5 sin x - cos 2x viewing window [-2π, 2π, -8, 8]
y
8
x
-2 2
-8
A) B)
y y
8 8
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
x x
-2 2 -2 2
-8 -8
Answer: B
Graph using a graphing utility.
103
376) y = e-0.2x sin x
y
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
A) B)
y y
11 11
10 10
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x -1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
-7 -7
-8 -8
-9 -9
-10 -10
-11 -11
C) D)
y y
11 11
10 10
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x -1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
-7 -7
-8 -8
-9 -9
-10 -10
-11 -11
Answer: D
104
377) y = 0.5x2 cos x
50 y
40
30
20
10
-10-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
A) B)
50 y 50 y
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
-10-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x -10-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-40 -40
-50 -50
C) D)
y y
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
-10-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x -10-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-40 -40
-50 -50
Answer: C
105
378) y = x cos x
10 y
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) B)
10 y 10 y
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
-10 -10
C) D)
10 y 10 y
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
-10 -10
Answer: C
106
379) y = 3 -x sin x
50 y
40
30
20
10
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
A) B)
1500 y 1500 y
1200 1200
900 900
600 600
300 300
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
-300 -300
-600 -600
-900 -900
-1200 -1200
-1500 -1500
C) D)
y y
1500 1500
1200 1200
900 900
600 600
300 300
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
-300 -300
-600 -600
-900 -900
-1200 -1200
-1500 -1500
Answer: C
Graph the function.
107
1 5 π
380) y = tan x +
2 6 6
y
3
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: D
108
3 2 π
381) y = tan x -
4 3 5
y
3
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: B
109
2 2 π
382) y = cot x +
3 5 4
y
3
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: C
110
4 4 π
383) y = cot x -
5 5 5
y
3
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: D
111
4 3 π
384) y = - cot x -
5 5 2
y
3
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: D
112
3 6 π
385) y = csc x +
5 5 3
y
3
x
-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: A
113
π
386) y = 2 csc 2x -
5
y
3
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: A
114
π
387) y = 3 sec 3x +
3
y
5
4
3
2
1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) B)
y y
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
C) D)
y y
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
Answer: D
115
2 2 π
388) y = sec x -
3 5 6
y
3
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1
-2
-3
A) B)
5 y 5 y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
C) D)
5 y 5 y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
Answer: C
116
3 2 π
389) y = - csc x -
5 3 2
y
3
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1
-2
-3
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x -6.28 -3.14 3.14 6.28 x

-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
Answer: B
117
Use a graphing calculator to graph the function using the given viewing window parameters.
1 - cos t
390) f(t) = using the viewing window [-2π, 2π, -3, 3]
t2
A) B)
C) D)
Answer: B
sin 3t
t
A) B)
C) D)
Answer: D
118
cos 2t
t
A) B)
C) D)
Answer: D
393) y = x cos x using the viewing window [-2π, 2π, -3, 3]

A) B)
C) D)
Answer: C
Use a graphing calculator to approximate the zeros in the indicated interval. Round answers to two decimal places, if
necessary.
cos x
394) f(x) = ; [-6, 6]
x
A) -3.14, 0, 3.14 B) -4.71, -1.57, 1.57, 4.71
C) -3.14, 3.14 D) -1.57, 1.57
Answer: B
119
cos2 x
395) f(x) = ; [-4, 4]
x
A) -1.57, 1.57 B) -3.14, 0, 3.14
C) -4.71, -1.57, 1.57, 4.71 D) -3.14, 3.14
Answer: A
396) f(x) = x4 cos x; [-8, 8]

A) -7.85, -4.71, -1.57, 0, 1.57, 4.71, 7.85
B) -4.71, -1.57, 0, 1.57, 4.71
C) 0, 3.14, -6.28, -3.14, 6.28
Answer: A
sin x - 1
397) f(x) = ; [-5, 5]
x
A) -3.14, 0, 3.14 B) -4.71, -1.57, 1.57, 4.71
C) -4.71, 1.57, 7.85 D) -4.71, 1.57
Answer: D
sin x + 1
398) f(x) = ; [-5, 5]
x
A) -3.14, 3.14 B) -7.85, -1.57, 4.71
C) -4.71, -1.57, 1.57, 4.71 D) -1.57, 4.71
Answer: D
cos x + 1
399) f(x) = ; [-5, 5]
x
A) -3.14, 3.14 B) -4.71, -1.57, 1.57, 4.71
C) -1.57, 4.71 D) -3.14, 0, 3.14
Answer: A
Solve.
400) The monthly average high temperature T in Winston-Salem during the period from May to September can be
approximated using
T(t) = 81.6 + 5.4 sin(1.47t - 9.60),
where t is the month (t = 1 corresponds to January) and T is the monthly average high temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit. What is the maximum average high temperature, and in which month does it occur?
A) 86.1° F in July B) 87.0° F in August C) 81.6° F in August D) 87.0° F in July
Answer: D
120
π
401) An electronic circuit connected to a speaker emits a pure tone with a waveform given by y = yo sin 120πt + .
6
Interestingly, this tone can be rendered (nearly) inaudible by placing a second speaker on top of the first and
emitting a tone through the second speaker that has a phase shift of π relative to the first speaker's waveform.
Which waveform below would you choose for this second speaker?
π 2π
A) y = yo sin 121πt + B) y = yo sin 120πt +
6 3
yo π 7π
C) y = sin 120πt + D) y = yo sin 120πt +
2 6 6
Answer: D
402) The voltage E in an electrical circuit is given by E = 5.6 cos 40πt, where t is time measured in seconds. Find the
period.
1 π
A) 20π B) 20 C) D)
20 20
Answer: C
403) The voltage E in an electrical circuit is given by E = 6.5 cos 100πt, where t is time measured in seconds. Find the
amplitude.
A) 13 B) 100π C) 100 D) 6.5
Answer: D
404) The total sales in dollars of some small businesses fluctuates according to the equation S = A + B sin πx/6, where
x is the time in months, with x = 1 corresponding to January, A = 6500, and B = 3800. Determine the month with
the greatest total sales and give the sales in that month.
A) December; $10,300 B) September; $2700 C) March; $10,300 D) June; $6500
Answer: C
405) A generator produces an alternating current according to the equation I = 48 sin 47πt, where t is time in seconds
and I is the current in amperes. What is the smallest time t such that I = 24?
1 1 1 1
A) sec B) sec C) sec D) sec
282 188 94 141
Answer: A
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
406) Show how complementary angles are used to determine values of cofunctions by listing all six functions and
their equivalent cofunctions.
Answer: cos x = sin (90 - x); sin x = cos (90 - x); tan x = cot (90 - x); sec x = csc (90 - x); csc x = sec (90 - x);
cot x = tan (90 - x)
407) Given the domain 0° to 90° give the ranges of all six trigonometric functions.
Answer: sine: [0, 1]; cosine: [0, 1]; tangent: [0, ∞ ); cotangent: [0, ∞ ); secant R: [1, ∞); cosecant R: [1, ∞)
408) Explain why the domain of the secant function is different from the domain of the cosine function.
Answer: The domain of the cosine function is the set of all real numbers. Notice that sec x = 1/cos x. Thus all
values of x such that cos x = 0 must be eliminated from the domain of the cosine function. These values
are odd multiples of π/2.
121
409) Explain why a tire with a smaller diameter would wear down faster than a tire with a larger diameter if driven
similarly.
Answer: A tire with a smaller diameter has to turn more times to travel the same amount of distance. The smaller
tire has a smaller circumference and therefore covers a shorter linear distance in one rotation.
410) Explain how to determine whether a function is even.

Answer: A function f(x) is even if f(x) = f( -x) for all x in the domain of f. Moreover, the graph of an even function
is symmetric with respect to the y-axis.
411) Explain how to determine whether a function is odd.

Answer: A function f(x) is odd if f(x) = - f( -x) for all x in the domain of f. Moreover, the graph of an odd function
is symmetric with respect to the origin.
412) List the quadrants and which of the sine, cosine, and tangent have positive values.
Answer: I: sine, cosine and tangent; II: sine; III: tangent; IV: cosine
413) In the equation y = cos x, where would you insert a nonzero constant if you wanted to change a) the amplitude
of the graph or b) the period?
Answer: To change the amplitude, place a nonzero constant in front of cos x. To change the period, place a
nonzero constant in front of x.
414) Explain how y = cos x + 2 is different from y = cos (x + 2)

Answer: The first equation translates the graph of the cosine function two units vertically. The second equation
translates the graph of the cosine function two units to the left.
122
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recovered by Aurelian, 3;
at Diocletian’s accession, 6;
Constantius ruler of, 8, 52;
Constantine in, 51, 56, 76, 82;
Crispus in, 124, 242
Gibbon on the Circumcelliones, 186;
on the Arian controversy, 194;
on Constantinople, 263, 264;
on Annibalianus, 309
Goths, invade Roman Empire, 123, 124;
war with Constantine, 252
Gregory of Nyssa on Arian controversy, 206
Gregory, Saint, in Armenia, 27
Gregory, the Illuminator of Armenia, and the Nicene Creed, 285
Grosvenor, Mr., quoted on Constantinople, 273, 275, 278, 281
Helena, mother of Constantine, ancestry, 43, 44;

honoured by Constantine, 239;
and death of Crispus, 245;
pilgrimage, 249-251;
legend of finding of the Cross, 250, 251;
death, 252
Heraclea, siege of, 115
Heraclius, elected bishop, 152
Herculius, 8
Hermogenes, 228
Hierocles, author of The Friend of Truth, 20
Holy Apostles, Church of, 275
Holy Trinity, Church of, 275
Horses of Lysippus, 283
Hosius, Bishop of Cordova, commissioned to mediate between
Alexander and Arius, 207;
advises Constantine, 211;
at Council of Nicæa, 212, 221, 228;
falls from favour, 290, 316
Imperial Council, 333

Italy, invasion of, 73 ff.
Jerome, Saint, exhortations against marriage, 348, 349;

dream of, 353
Jovius, adopted name of Diocletian, 8
Julian, Banquet of the Cæsars, 77
Julian, Emperor, on Constantine, 124, 303-305;
on Constantinople, 268
Julian laws on marriage, 350
Justinian, statue of, 269;
builds Church of St. Sophia, 274, 276
Lactantius, estimate of, as historian, 40-42, 47

Land tax, 337 ff.
Licinianus, becomes Cæsar, 122;
attitude of Constantine toward, 125;
life spared, 133;
death, 243
Licinius, Emperor, at conference of Carnuntum, 63;
becomes Augustus, 64-66;
successor of Galerius, 75;
and Maximin Daza in eastern half of Empire, 76;
attitude to Maximin Daza, 79, 80;
alliance with Constantine, 79;
marriage, 79, 106;
and Edict of Milan, 107 ff.;
other edicts, 109;
downfall, 115 ff.;
at Milan, 115;
victory over Maximin Daza, 116, 117;
angel’s revelation to, 116;
execution of Maximin Daza’s family, 118, 119;
execution of Candidianus, 119;
and Constantine share Empire, 120;
war with Constantine, 120;
defeated at Cibalis, 121;
defeated at Mardia, 121;
treaty with Constantine, 122;
appoints Licinianus as Cæsar, 122;
gives up important provinces, 122;
rupture with Constantine, 123, 125-127, 154, 157;
religious policy, 126, 127;
defeated at Adrianople, 128;
defeated at Chrysopolis, 130;
pleads for his life, 131;
death, 132;
character, 132;
edict of toleration, 138-140;
defeats Maximin, 153;
anti-Christian campaign, 154, 155, 157;
throws over Edict of Milan, 155;
exile, 158
Literature, anti-Christian, 145;
decadence of, 352;
character of pagan, 352;
basis of education, 353;
renaissance of, 354
Lucian of Antioch, famous teacher, 200, 201
Lucilla, censured by Church of Carthage, 162-164;
intrigues of, 188
Ludi Cereales, 36
Lycians, petition of, 142, 143
Mackail, Mr., History of Latin Literature, quoted, 354

Majorinus, elected bishop, 165;
death, 165;
not recognised by the churches, 166
Mamertinus, eulogy on Maximian, 52
Manichæanism, rise, 22, 23;
chief characteristic, 22
Marcellus, elected bishop, 151;
exile and death, 152
Mardia, battle of, 121
Maris of Chalcedon, and Nicene Creed, 230, 231;
exiled, 231
Marriage, Jerome exhorts against, 348, 349;
and the State and Church, 349
Martinianus, becomes Cæsar, 130;
death, 133
Maxentius, Emperor, son of Maximian, claims heritage of Cæsar, 56;
character, 56, 77-79;
marriage, 57;
master of Rome, 57, 58;
resumes title of Augustus, 59;
and Maximian besiege Severus, 59, 60;
and Maximian in alliance with Constantine, 60;
and Maximian in possession of Italy, 62;
rupture with Maximian, 62, 63, 67, 70;
domain, 76;
treatment of African cities, 76;
loss of popularity, 76;
restores property to Christians, 79, 152;
attitude to other Augusti, 79;
alliance with Maximin Daza, 80;
war with Constantine, 80 ff.;
overthrow, 82 ff., 110, 154;
Italy wrested from, 85;
death, 87;
head carried in triumphal procession, 88;
seeks good-will of Christians, 151;
exiles bishops, 152;
libel against, 163
Maximian, Emperor, becomes Cæsar, 5;
becomes Augustus, 5;
ruler of the West, 6, 8;
fights the Moors, 6;
recognises Carausius, 6, 51;
styles himself Herculius, 8;
character, 14, 15;
persecution of the Christians, 15-19, 160;
celebrates the Ludi Cereales, 36;
abdication, 40, 56;
restores peace to Gaul, 51;
eulogised by Mamertinus, 52;
locates his Court at Milan, 57;
resumes title of Augustus, 59;
victory over Severus, 59, 60;
and Maxentius in alliance with Constantine, 60, 62;
gives his daughter in marriage to Constantine, 61, 62;
and Maxentius in possession of Italy, 62;
rupture with Maxentius, 62, 63, 67, 70;
expelled from Italy, 63;
at conference of Carnuntum, 63, 65;
ex-Augustus, 65, 66;
returns to Gaul, 67;
plots against Constantine, 68, 69;
stripped of his titles, 69;
further plots against Constantine, 70, 71;
death, 71, 72
Maximin Daza, Emperor, becomes Cæsar, 40, 57;
nominated by Galerius, 41, 42;
domain, 65, 75;
claims title of Augustus, 66;
claims title of senior Augustus, 75;
and Licinius in eastern half of Empire, 76;
alliance with Maxentius, 79, 80, 148;
in opposition to Licinius, 80, 107;
invades territory of Licinius, 115, 148;
defeated, 116, 117, 148, 153;
flight, 117, 118, 148;
commits suicide, 118, 151;
province falls into hands of Licinius, 118;
family slain, 118;
treatment of Prisca and Valeria, 118, 119;
persecution of Christians, 135-137, 141-143, 145-147;
act of toleration, 137, 149-151;
restores privileges to Christians, 140, 149, 150;
character, 146, 147;
eminent victims of, 147;
war with Tiridates, 148;
final edict, 149, 150
Maximus, Governor of Cilicia, 30
Maximus, Governor of Moesia, 17, 18
Meletian schismatics checked, 297
Meletians recognised as orthodox, 295
Meletius, Bishop of Lycopolis, condemned by Egyptian bishops, 190
Mensurius, Bishop of Carthage and Primate of Africa, trick to save
Holy Books, 160;
summoned to Rome, 164;
death, 164
Milan, conference at, 106
Milan, Edict of, issued, 107, 115;
important clauses, 107, 108;
principles and motives of, 109, 110 ff.;
hailed by the Christians, 153;
thrown over by Licinius, 155
Military forces, organisation of, 336, 337
Miltiades elected bishop, 152
Milvian Bridge, battle of, 86, 87, 92
Minervina, first wife of Constantine, son of, 122, 123
Moesia, given over to Constantine, 122;
invaded by Goths and Sarmatæ, 123
Montanism, in Northern Africa, 159
Naissus, birthplace of Constantine, 44, 260

Narses sues for peace, 7
Neo-Platonists, influence, 19, 197;
discussions of interest to, 216
“New Rome,” 259
Newman, Cardinal, quoted, on death of Arius, 300
Nicæa, Canons of, 231, 232
Nicæa, Council of, called by Constantine, 211;
members, 212-214;
language, 213;
great interest aroused in, 215;
Constantine opens the Council, 217-220;
splits up into parties, 221 ff.;
proceedings, 221 ff.;
adopts Nicene Creed, 228;
excommunicates Arius, 231;
decision in regard to Easter, 231;
draws up Canons of Nicæa, 231;
farewell address by Constantine, 233;
dismissed, 234
Nicene Creed adopted, 228 ff.
Nicomedia, capital of Diocletian, 8, 39, 258, 260;
Christian church erected at, 13;
church at, razed, 24
Novatianism in Northern Africa, 159
Numerian, son of Carus, Empire divided between Carinus and, 4;
death, 5
Pagan clergy, 146

Pamphylians, petition of, 142, 143
Pannonia, given over to Constantine, 122;
invaded by Goths and Sarmatæ, 123
Paphnutius, 232, 233
Parthia, war with Rome, 7
Parthians, 2
“Passion of the Saints,” 35, 36
Paulinus of Nola, 354
Paulinus of Tyre, treatment of Arius, 196;
letter from Eusebius of Nicomedia, 202
Persia, relations with Constantine, 254-256
Philostorgius, on Fausta, 244
Philoxenos, 273
Polybius, quoted, on Byzantium, 262
Porphyry, Neo-Platonist philosopher, 19
Porphyry Pillar, the, 270
Prætorian præfects, 331, 332
Prætorians, mutiny at Rome, 57;
camps abolished, 58;
rule Rome, 77, 78;
disbanded, 89
Prætors, 334
Prisca, wife of Diocletian, a Christian, 13;
exiled, 118, 119;
death, 120, 132
Probus, 4, 17
Prudentius, 354
Purpurius, Bishop of Limata, 161
Roman Empire, threatened fall in third century, 1 ff.;

turn of fortune, 3;
under Diocletian, 5 ff., 330;
divided into twelve dioceses, 10, 331;
prosperity, 11;
population, 12;
shared by Constantine and Licinius, 120;
invaded by Goths and Sarmatæ, 123, 124;
united, 133;
peace, 252;
war with Goths and Sarmatæ, 252;
reorganisation under Constantine, 330 ff.;
disintegration, 342 ff.
Rome, 57, 258
Rome, Council of, 176
Ruricius Pompeianus, holds Verona, 83;
killed, 85
Sabinus, præfect, 140, 143

St. Irene, Church of, description of, 274, 275
St. Sophia, Church of, 274
St. Stephen, Church of, 278
Sapor, king of Persia, relations with Constantine, 254-256
Sarmatæ, invade Roman Empire, 123;
turn to Constantine for help, 253
Saturninus, speech of, 3
Secundus, Bishop of Tigisis, president of synod at Cirta, 161, 162,
165
Secundus of Ptolemais, Bishop, friend of Arius, 196
Senate, 335, 336
Seneca, quoted, 350
Senecio, 120
Severus, Emperor, becomes Cæsar, 40, 56, 57;
nominated by Galerius, 41, 59;
domain, 56;
besieges Rome, 59;
besieged by Maximian and Maxentius, 59-60;
is given choice of death, 72
Simon Stylites, 347
Sirmium, capital of Galerius, 8
Slavery, 342
Socrates, quoted, 216, 220, 287, 288, 298, 299
Sopater, pagan philosopher, in favour with Constantine, 324
Sotades of Crete, pagan poet, 204
Sozomen, quoted, 216
Stanley, Dean, History of the Eastern Church, quoted, 226
Sylvanus, Bishop, 162
Sylvester, Bishop of Rome, sends representatives to Council of
Arles, 175;
letter to, from Council of Arles, 176, 177;
absent from Council of Nicæa, 212, 213;
baptises Constantine, 248;
legends concerning Constantine and, 248, 249
Tacitus, rule of, 4;

on childless life, 349
Taxation, 337-342
Temporal Power, legend of origin, 248, 249
Terminalia, Festival of, 24
Tertullian and his doctrine, 351
Theban Legion, legend of its massacre, 14, 15
Theodora, wife of Constantius Chlorus, 44
Theodoretus, rival of Arius, 190;
on the Council of Nicæa, 220, 223
Theodosius II., rebuilds walls of Constantinople, 266;
attitude toward recluses, 348
Theodotus of Ancyra, 30
Theognis of Nicæa, and Nicene Creed, 230, 231;
exiled, 231;
recalled, 287, 288
Theonas, Bishop of Marmorica, friend of Arius, 196
Theotecnus, Governor of Antioch, 142;
invented new deity, 145
Thessalonica, naval harbour, 127
Tiridates, ruler of Armenia, 6
Tithe lands, 1
Trinitarians vs. Arians, 221, 223-226
Twelfth Legion, soldiers of, martyrs, 156
Tyre, Council of, trial of Athanasius, 293-295
Urbanus, Governor of Palestine, 136
Valens, appointed Cæsar, 122;

recalls recluses from the desert, 348
Valentinianus, the Curator, 161
Valeria, daughter of Diocletian, a Christian, 13;
widow of Galerius, 118;
Maximin proposes marriage to, 118;
exiled, 119
Valerian, Emperor, taken prisoner, 2;
persecution of the Christians, 13
Victor of Russicas, 161
Zosimus on Constantine’s character, 303

Footnotes:
1. Jam desperatis rebus et deleto pæne imperio Romano

(Eutropius, iv., c. 9).
2. Nescitis, amici, quid mali sit imperare (Vopiscus, Saturninus, c.
10).
3. Vopiscus, Florianus, c. 6.
4. De Mort. Persec., c. 9: Non difficiliter oppressit.
5. Truci vultu ac voce terribili, Quousque tandem Cæsar?
6. Cujus nutu omnia gubernabantur.
7. Et, ut omnia terrore complerentur, provinciæ quoque in frusta
concisæ (De Mort. Persec., c. 7).
8. Pone thura: placa Jovem et noster amicus esto.
9. De Mort. Persec., c. 9.
10. Si autem scitis vos bene ituros, gratulor vobis.
12. Libertatem denique ac vocem non haberent (De Mort. Persec.,
c. 13).
13. Verum autem Dei templum, quod est in hominibus, incolume
servavit. (De Mort. Persec., c. 15).
14. Vita Const., ii., 53.
15. Christiani tollantur et voluptas constat; Per caput Augusti
Christiani non sint.
16. Lactant., De Mort. Persec., c. 18.
18. De Vita Const., i., 19.
19. Zosimus, ii., 8. περιφανὴς γὰρ ἦν ἤδη πολλοῖς ὁ κατέχων
ὰυτὸυ ἔρως τῆς βασιλέιας.
21. Pan. Vet., vii., 7.
22. Gallias priorum temporum injuriis efferatas, Pan., vi., 8.
23. Pan. Vet., ii., 7.
24. Pan., vii., 10.
25. Gravate apud animum tuum etiam mali pereunt.—Pan., x., 8.
26. Pan., vii., 12.
27. Odia perpetua et inexpiabiles iras.
28. Compendium est devincendorum hostium duces sustulisse.—
Pan., vii., 11.
29. Pan., vii., 13.
31. Nihil aliud impetravit nisi bonam mortem.—De Mort. Persec., c.
26.
32. Sed et ille multijugo fultus imperio et vestro lætus tegitur
umbraculo.—Pan. Vet., vii., 15.
34. C. 18.
36. Nam id propositi habebat, ut et filio et ceteris extinctis se ac
Diocletianum restitueret in regnum.
37. Nec se dignum vita judicavit, cum per te liceret ut viveret.—
Pan. Vet., vii., 20.
38. Vir et probe moratus et egregius re militari.
39. In quibus omnis vita militia est.
40. Scribit etiam familiariter.
41. Non solum tacite mussantibus sed eteiam aperte timentibus.—
Pan. Vet., ix., 2.
42. Zosimus, ii., 15.
43. Pan. Vet., ix., 7.
44. Pan. Vet., ix., 9.
45. Immo non decet laborare.
46. Pan. Vet., ix., 18.
47. Pan. Vet., x., 31.
48. Ibid., x., 6.
49. Pan. Vet., ix., 21.
50. Cum ex totius orbis flore constaret.
51. The inscription on the Arch of Constantine runs as follows:
“Imp. Cæs. Fl. Constantino Maximo
P. F. Augusto S. P. Q. R.
Quod instinctu divinitatis mentis
Magnitudine cum exercitu suo
Tam de tyranno quam de omni ejus
Factione uno tempore justis
Rempublicam ultus est armis
Arcum triumphis insignem dicavit.”
52. Pan. Vet., x., 14.
53. Constantinum petimus: Constantino imus auxilio.
55. Separatim nemo habessit deos: neve novos, sive advenas,
nisi publice adscitos privatim colunto.—De Leg., ii., 8.
58. De Mort Persec., c. 51.
59. Zosimus, ii., 19.
60. Pan. Vet., x., 36.
61. Eutropius, x., 5: Principatum totius orbis adfectans.
62. Euseb., De Vita Const., i., 50.
63. Ibid., i., 56.
64. De Vita Const., ii., 16. τὸ σωτήριον καὶ ζωοποιὸν σημεῖον,
ὥσπερ τι φόβητρον καὶ κακῶν ἀμυντήριον.
65. Contra religionem sacramenti occisus est, x., 6.
66. De Vita Const., ii., 18.
67. Eusebius, Hist. Eccles., ix., 9.
68. Ut denuo sint Christiani et conventicula componant, ita ut ne
quid contra disciplinam agant.
69. Hist. Eccles., ix., 8.
70. Εὐσεβεῖς τε καὶ μόνους θεοσεβεῖς τούτους ἀληθῶς, πρὸς
αυτῶν ἐλεγχθέντας τῶν πραγμάτων, ὁμολογεῖν.
71. Hist. Eccles., ix., 10.
72. Hoc modo deus universos persecutores nominis sui debellavit,
ut eorum nec stirps nec radix ulla remaneret.—De Mort. Persec., c.
49.
73. Hist. Eccles., viii., 14.
74. Scinditur in partes populus gliscente furore; Seditio, cædes,
bellum, discordia, lites.
75. De Vita Constant., ii., 1.
76. De Vita Constant., i., 53.
77. Huic parcimonia et ea quidem agrestis.
78. σπουδάζειν περὶ τὰ ἔργα τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν.—De Vita Const., ii.,
46.
79. Os nescio cujus hominis mortui, et si martyris, sed necdum
vindicati.
80. Schisma igitur illo tempore confusæ mulieris iracundia peperit,
ambitus nutrivit, avaritia roboravit.
81. Ab omnibus omnino publicis functionibus immunes volumus
conservari.
82. De cætero plena cognitione suscepta finis adhibeatur.
83. Tunc enim revera et plenissime securus potero esse, cum
universos sensero debito cultu catholicæ religionis sanctissimum
Deum concordi observantiæ fraternitate venerari.
84. Meum judicium postulant qui judicium Christi expecto. Dico
enim, ut se veritas habet, sacerdotum judicium ita debet haberi ac si
ipse Dominus residens judicet.
85. Epist., 43.
86. Epist., 105.
87. Nihil ex reciproco reponatur injuriæ: Vindictam enim, quam
Deo servare debemus, insipientis est manibus usurpare.
88. The Age of the Fathers, chap. v.
89. The Age of the Fathers, chap. vi.
90. ἄγαν εὐτελὴς καὶ οὐδαμῶς ἀξία της τοιαύτης φιλονεικίας ἡ
πρόφασις.
91. άλλ’ ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν ἕχετε λογισμὸν.
92. δι’ ολίγας καὶ ματαίας ῥημάτων ἐν ἡμῖν φιλονεικίας.
93. De Vita Constant., iii., 6.
94. ἀπεριέργως πιστείομεν.
95. γυμνὴν γνώμην, πίστει καὶ καλοῖς ἔργοις φυλαττομένην.—
Socrates, i., 8.
97. αὐτὸι μὲν ὥς ἐκ κοπρίας ὄντες ἐλαλησαν ἀληθῶς ἀπο γῆς.
98. Lecture iv.
99. Age of the Fathers, chap. vi.
100. τίμιον εἵναι καὶ τὴν κόιτην καὶ αὐτὸν ἀμίαντον τὸν γάμον.
102. θὲς, ὦ Ἀκέσιε, κλίμακα καὶ μόνος ἀνάβηθι εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν.
103. καὶ σπάνιος αὖ τῆς ἀληθείας φίλος.
104. ὅ γὰρ τοῖς τριακοσίοις ἐπισκόποις ἤρεσεν οὔδεν ἔστιν ἕτερον
ἤ τοῦ θεοῦ γνώμη (Soc., i., 9).
105. ὡς μηδὲν ἔτι πρὸς διχόνοιαν ἢ πίστεως αμφισβητησιν
ὑπολείπεσθαι (ibidem).
106. ἐπὶ τὸ πὰσαν αἵρεσιν ἐκκοπῆναι (Soc., i., 9).
107. Novum jam tum miraculum juvenis uxorius (Pan. Vet., vi., c. 2
et 4).
108. De Vita Const., iii., p. 47.
109. Intrepidus et securus accedat: interpellet me. Ipse audiam
omnia, ipse cognoscam.
110. ii., c. 4.
111. De Vita Const., ii., p. 19.
112. Verum insolentia rerum secundarum aliquantum Constantinus
ex illa favorabili animi docilitate mutavit (x., p. 6).
113. We may quote the most striking sentence in the document:
Ecce tam palatium nostrum quam urbem Romam, et omnes totius
Italiæ et occidentalium regionum provincias, loca et civitates,
præfato beatissimo Pontifici nostra Sylvestro, universali papæ,
concedimus atque relinquimus. The forger forged boldly, and then
went on to add that Constantine withdrew to Constantinople,
because it was not just that an earthly monarch (terrenus imperator)
should exercise sovereignty in the city where the Head of the
Christian religion had been installed by the Lord of Heaven (ab
imperatore cælesti).
114. De Vita Const., iii., p. 44, seq.
115. De Vita Const., iv., c. 14.
116. De Vita Const., iv., p. 5.
117. Ibid., iv., p. 6.
120. Bk. IV., c. 38, seq.
121. Constantinopolis dedicatur pæne omnium urbium nuditate.
122. De Vita Const., iii., c. 14.
123. Sozomen II., 28.
124. Socrates, i., 37.
125. περίοπτος.
126. De Vita Const., iv., 54.
127. ii., 32, 35.
128. τὴν γὰρ ἀσωτίαν ἡγεῖτο φιλοτιμίαν (ii., 38).
129. εἰς ἀναξίους καὶ ἀνωφελεῖς ἀνθρώπονς τοὺς φορους
ἐκδαπανῶν.
130. καὶ τρυφῇ τὸν βίον ἐκδοίς (ii., 32).
131. ἄνδρα ουκ ἀπόλεμον μὲν, ἡδονῇ δε καὶ ἀπολαύσει
χειροηθέστερον (c. 15).
132. Eutropius, x., 7.
133. οἷα τινα πατρώαν οὐσίαν τοὶς αὐτõυ κληροδοτῶν φιλτάτοις.
136. θεσμὸυς ἤδη βίου θεῷ πρέποντας ἐμαυτῷ διατετάξομαι.
139. Ibid., c. 25.
140. μόνου τε πᾶδαν πολίθεον πλάνην καθελόντος (ibid., c. 75).
141. Ibid., c. 27.
142. μηδεὶς τὸν ἕτερον παρενοχλεὶτω: ἕκαστος ὅπερ ἠ ψυχὴ
βούλεται τοῦτο καὶ πραττέτω (De Vita Const., ii., 56).
143. διὰ ταῦτά τοι ἀνέθηκα σοί τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ ψύχην ἔρωτι καὶ φόβῳ
καθαρῶς ἀνακραθεῖσαν (ibid., c. 55).
144. De Vita Const., iii., 48, iv., 25.
145. Contra Lit. Petil., ii., 205.
146. εἰς γὰρ τὸ πλείονας τιμᾶν διαφόρους ἐπενόει βασιλεὺς αξιάς
(De Vita Const., iv., 1).
147. Proximorum fauces aperuit primus omnium Consiantinus sed
eos medullis provinciarum saginavit Constantius (xvi., c. 8, 12).
148. Omnia foris placida, domi prospera; annonæ ubertas,
fructuum copia (Pan. Vet., x., 38).
149. Nihil in exercitibus validum nisi externum.
150. Nullas infestas hominibus bestias ut sunt sibi ferales plerique
Christianorum expertus (xxii., 5).
151. Vere dicuntar esse fundamenta rei publicæ, quia seminarium
juventutis et quasi fontem humani roboris semper Romanis
exercitibus ministrarunt (Pan. Vet., vi., 2).
152. History of Latin Literature, Bk. III., c. 7.
Transcriber’s Note
Lapses of punctuation in the Index have been resolved
without further notice.
Where possible, Greek passages have been checked
against Winkelmann's edition: here.
As noted below, a typesetting error in the footnotes,
over a few pages, resulted in the Greek ‘καὶ’ as ‘κὰι’.
The Greek passage in footnote #f136# has been
corrected to eliminate a wide spacing, supplying the first
two characters of ‘[πρ]έποντας’ (De Vit. Const., iv., 62.)
The final two words of a Greek passage (‘ἐννοεῖ δῆτα
ὁποῖον, δέοι θέον ἐπιγράψασθαι βοηθὸν’) have been
reversed, but are retained.
Other errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s
have been corrected, and are noted here. The
references are to the page and line in the original or to
the page, (renumbered) note, and line.
8.10 A long line of Inserted.
fortresses was
estab[l]ished
11.6 since the days of Replaced.
the Antonines[,/.]
19.9 from [h/H]is lofty Replaced for
throne consistency.
21.21 a menace to the Replaced.
established
authorities[,/.]
33.1 culpable Transposed.
w[ake/eak]ness.
45.23 high-spir[i]ted Inserted.
52.16 [“]thanks to Added.
Maximian,
110.25 ἐστι θειότης κ[ὰι\αὶ] Replaced.

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Precalculus Concepts Through Functions A Right Triangle

Find sin A and cos A.

Find tan A and cot A.

Find sec A and csc A.

Find sin B and tan B.

Find cos B and cot B.

Find sin B and cos B.

Find sin A and tan A.

Find the requested function value of θ.

11) Find cos θ, if sec θ = 4.

15) If cos θ = 0.1, then find tan θ. Round to nearest tenths.

16) If tan θ = 1.5, then find csc θ. Round to nearest tenths.

Find the exact function value.

19) cos 30°

20) cos 60°

21) sin 60°

23) tan 45°

24) cot 45°

25) sec 45°

26) csc 45°

27) sec 30°

Solve the problem.

A) 42.1 ft B) 103.2 ft C) 51.6 ft D) 126.4 ft

A) 1205.51 yd B) 401.84 yd C) 984.29 yd D) 492.1463 yd

Convert to decimal degree notation. Round to two decimal places.

Use a calculator to find the function value to four decimal places.

39) cos 45.24°

40) csc 79°32'41''

41) tan 6.85°

42) sin 71.2°

43) cos 33.2°

44) cot 34.4°

45) sin 46°25'

47) cos θ = 0.7815

48) tan θ = 0.6947

49) sec θ = 7.336

51) cot θ = 7.144

52) tan θ = 8.587

B) sin 11.2° ≈ 0.1942; cos 11.2° ≈ 0.9810; tan 11.2° ≈ 0.1980

C) sin 11.2° ≈ 5.1493; cos 11.2° ≈ 0.1942; tan 11.2° ≈ 0.1980

D) sin 11.2° ≈ 0.9810; cos 11.2° ≈ 0.1942; tan 11.2° ≈ 0.1980

B) sin 67°22'22" ≈ 0.9230; cos 67°22'22" ≈ 0.3847; tan 67°22'22" ≈ 0.4168;

C) sin 67°22'22" ≈ 0.9230; cos 67°22'22" ≈ 0.3847; tan 67°22'22" ≈ 2.3992;

D) sin 67°22'22" ≈ 0.3847; cos 67°22'22" ≈ 0.9230; tan 67°22'22" ≈ 2.3992;

Solve the right triangle.

81) A = 87°34', a = 8.38

82) a = 20.9, b = 25.6

83) a = 15.3, c = 29.6

84) b = 4.81, c = 7.55