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Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

Chapter 06
Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

True / False Questions

1. Viruses have typical cellular structure like other living organisms.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

2. Viruses in the extracellular state possess few, if any, active enzymes.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic
abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

Multiple Choice Questions

6-1
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

3. Which is not true of viruses?

A. They can exist in an intracellular or extracellular phase.
B. They infect animal and plant cells only.
C. They can be observed with an electron microscope.
D. They are acellular.
E. They replicate only inside host cells.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.01.02 List organisms that are hosts to viruses
Section: 06.01
Topic: General Viral Properties
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

4. Which of the following is true of viruses in the extracellular phase?

A. They possess many different enzymes.
B. They can reproduce independently of living cells but only at a slow rate.
C. They behave as a macromolecular complex and are no more alive than are ribosomes.
D. They possess many different enzymes and they can reproduce independently of living
cells but only at a slow rate.

ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viruses

6-2
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

5. A complete virus particle is called a

A. capsid.
B. nucleocapsid.
C. virion.
D. cell.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: General Viral Properties
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

6. The nucleic acids carried by viruses usually consist of

A. DNA.
B. RNA.
C. either DNA or RNA.
D. both DNA and RNA simultaneously.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ
in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: General Viral Properties
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

6-3
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

7. Which of the following is not true of viruses?

A. Viruses are acellular.
B. Viruses consist of one or more molecules of DNA or RNA enclosed in a coat of protein
and sometimes in other more complex layers.
C. Viruses can exist in two phases: intracellular and extracellular.
D. Viruses replicate by binary fission.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique
structures and genomes.
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

True / False Questions

8. Viruses infecting protists, including algae, have never been detected.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.01.02 List organisms that are hosts to viruses
Section: 06.01
Topic: Viruses

6-4
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

9. One way in which small viruses package more information into a very small genome is to
use overlapping genes so that the same base sequence is read in more than one reading frame.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.01 State the size range of virions
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

10. Almost all known plant viruses are RNA viruses.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.01.02 List organisms that are hosts to viruses
Learning Outcome: 06.04.03 Differentiate among the types of viral infections of eukaryotic cells
Section: 06.01
Section: 06.04
Topic: Viruses

Multiple Choice Questions

6-5
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

11. Virus morphology does not include which of the following characteristics?
A. Size

B. Shape

C. Presence or absence of an envelope

D. Host range

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.01 State the size range of virions
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry
Section: 06.02
Topic: General Viral Properties
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

Fill in the Blank Questions

12. __________ are glycoprotein spikes protruding from the outer surface of the viral
envelope.
Peplomers

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Learning Outcome: 06.02.03 Distinguish enveloped viruses from nonenveloped viruses
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

6-6
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

13. Icosahedral viruses are constructed from ring- or knob-shaped units called __________.
capsomers

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

14. Viruses that are polyhedrons with 20 sides are said to have __________ symmetry.
icosahedral

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

True / False Questions

15. The most common capsid morphologies are icosahedral and helical.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

6-7
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

16. The largest of the viruses are similar in size to some small bacteria and are large enough to
be seen with a light microscope.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.01 State the size range of virions
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viruses

17. The presence or absence of an envelope is not useful in classifying viruses because any
given virus may at one time have an envelope and at another time not have an envelope.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.02.03 Distinguish enveloped viruses from nonenveloped viruses
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Classification
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

18. Viruses such as MS2 and Qß pack additional information into their genomes through the
use of overlapping genes.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

Multiple Choice Questions

6-8
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

19. The simplest viruses consist of

A. RNA only.
B. Protein only.
C. RNA or DNA in a protein coat.
D. RNA or DNA in a protein coat covered with lipid envelope.
E. RNA, DNA and enzymes in a protein coat with a lipid envelope.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

20. Viral capsid protein subunits are called

A. auxomers.
B. elastomers.
C. protomers.
D. viromers.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

6-9
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

21. In an enveloped virus, the part of the virus including the nucleic acid genome and the
surrounding protein coat but not the envelope is called the
A. capsid.
B. nucleocapsid.
C. matrix.
D. virion.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Learning Outcome: 06.02.03 Distinguish enveloped viruses from nonenveloped viruses
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

22. Some complex viruses have icosahedral symmetry in the head region and helical
symmetry in the tail. Overall, these viruses are said to have __________ symmetry.
A. bilateral
B. binal
C. complex
D. none of these

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

6-10
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

23. Glycoprotein spikes protruding from the outer surface of viral envelopes function as
A. toxins.
B. factors that bind to host cells.
C. cell lysis factors.
D. factors needed for site specific recombination.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.03.02 Discuss the role of receptors, capsid proteins, and envelope proteins in the life cycles of viruses
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

24. A __________ genome exists as several separate, nonidentical molecules that may be
packaged together or separately.
A. diploid
B. segmented
C. polyploid
D. fractionated

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

6-11
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

25. Many of the enzymes found in virus particles are

A. required for viral attachment to host cells.
B. involved in viral entry into host cells.
C. involved in the replication of viral nucleic acid.
D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

26. Which of the following is/are not true about viral envelopes?
A. The envelope proteins are virus specific.
B. The envelope lipids and carbohydrates are derived from the host.
C. They are typical lipid monolayers with embedded viral proteins.
D. The envelope proteins are virus specific and the envelope lipids and carbohydrates are
derived from the host.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.03 Distinguish enveloped viruses from nonenveloped viruses
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

6-12
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

27. Viral envelopes are composed of

A. proteins.
B. lipids.
C. carbohydrates.
D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

28. Two major types of symmetry found in viruses include

A. icosahedral and radial.
B. icosahedral and helical.
C. helical and radial.
D. radial and bilateral.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

6-13
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

29. The function of the viral protein coat is to

A. protect the viral genetic material.
B. aid in the transfer of the viral genetic material between host cells.
C. elicit the production of protective antibodies.
D. protect the viral genetic material and aid in the transfer of the viral genetic material
between host cells.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

30. The protein coat surrounding the viral genome is called the
A. capsule.
B. capsid.
C. matrix.
D. envelope.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

6-14
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

31. Which of the following is most true of a viral DNA genome?

A. It uses the same four nitrogenous bases found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.
B. It may have the normal bases found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA, or it may have
one or more unusual bases.
C. It is usually composed of unusual bases unique to viruses.
D. Viruses do not use DNA for their genome.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ
in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function
Section: 06.02
Topic: Viruses

32. Virion size ranges from

A. 1–40 nm.
B. 10–400 nm.
C. 600–1,000 nm.

D. 1,000–10,000 nm.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.02.01 State the size range of virions
Section: 06.02
Topic: General Viral Properties
Topic: Viruses

6-15
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

33. Viral capsids are generally constructed without any outside aid once the subunits have
been synthesized. This process is called
A. facilitated assembly.
B. self-assembly.
C. spontaneous maturation.
D. self-maturation.

ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

6-16
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

34. In which of the following stages of the viral infectious cycle do enveloped viruses usually
acquire their envelopes?
A. Penetration

B. Component biosynthesis

C. Assembly

D. Release

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

6-17
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

35. Most enveloped viruses use the host __________ membrane as their envelope source.
A. plasma
B. nuclear
C. mitochondrial
D. none of these

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

36. Poliovirus receptors are found

A. in cells of all tissues.
B. in spinal cord anterior horn cells only.
C. in nasopharynx, gut, and spinal cord anterior horn cells.
D. in gut cells only.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.03.02 Discuss the role of receptors, capsid proteins, and envelope proteins in the life cycles of viruses
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Infections
Topic: Viruses

6-18
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

37. Nonenveloped viruses most often gain access to eukaryotic host cells by
A. fusion with the host cell plasma membrane followed by entrance of the nucleocapsid into
the cytoplasm.
B. endocytosis.
C. pinocytosis.
D. nucleic acid injection through the plasma membrane.

ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses
Learning Outcome: 06.03.02 Discuss the role of receptors, capsid proteins, and envelope proteins in the life cycles of viruses
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Infections
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

38. Which of the following represent(s) the way(s) in which enveloped viruses acquire their
envelopes?
A. Budding through the plasma membrane.
B. Budding through internal cellular membranes.
C. Viral enzymes are responsible for production of the envelope.
D. Some viruses bud through the plasma membrane while other bud through internal cellular
membranes.

ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses
Learning Outcome: 06.03.03 Describe the two most common methods for virion release from a host cell
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

True / False Questions

6-19
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

39. Virus receptors are often not distributed uniformly over the surface of host cells, but are
instead concentrated in lipid rafts.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.03.02 Discuss the role of receptors, capsid proteins, and envelope proteins in the life cycles of viruses
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

40. Enveloped viruses may enter their host cells by fusion of their envelope with the
cytoplasmic membrane, thereby depositing their nucleocapsid within the cell.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

41. Enveloped viruses may enter their host cells by engulfment within coated vesicles
(endocytosis).
TRUE

ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses
Learning Outcome: 06.03.02 Discuss the role of receptors, capsid proteins, and envelope proteins in the life cycles of viruses
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

Fill in the Blank Questions

6-20
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

42. Some viruses cause abnormal growth of cells rather than destruction. This is called
__________.
transformation

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.04.04 Summarize the current understanding of how oncoviruses cause cancer
Section: 06.04
Topic: Viral Infections
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

Multiple Choice Questions

43. Human cancer causing viruses most often have a ___________ genome.
A. ssDNA
B. dsDNA
C. ssRNA
D. dsRNA

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.04.03 Differentiate among the types of viral infections of eukaryotic cells
Learning Outcome: 06.04.04 Summarize the current understanding of how oncoviruses cause cancer
Section: 06.04
Topic: Viral Infections
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

6-21
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Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

44. Adult T-cell leukemia is thought to be caused by

A. herpesviruses.
B. retroviruses.
C. parvoviruses.
D. picornaviruses.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.04.04 Summarize the current understanding of how oncoviruses cause cancer
Section: 06.04
Topic: Enveloped RNA Viruses
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

45. Genes whose expression (or abnormal expression) causes cancer are called
A. cancer genes.
B. progenes.

C. oncogenes.
D. carcinogens.

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.04.04 Summarize the current understanding of how oncoviruses cause cancer
Section: 06.04
Topic: Viruses

6-22
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Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

46. Which of the following has been associated with a form of liver cancer?
A. Human papilloma virus

B. Hepatitis B virus

C. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus

D. Hepatitis A virus

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.04.04 Summarize the current understanding of how oncoviruses cause cancer
Section: 06.04
Topic: Viral Infections
Topic: Viruses

Fill in the Blank Questions

47. Microscopic or macroscopic degenerative changes or abnormalities in infected host cells

and tissues are called __________ __________.
cytopathic effects

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.05.01 List the approaches used to cultivate viruses, noting which types of viruses are cultivated by each method
Learning Outcome: 06.05.03 Outline the events that lead to the formation of a plaque in a lawn of bacterial cells
Section: 06.05
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

6-23
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

True / False Questions

48. In a plaque assay, the number of infectious virions is usually identical to the number of
virus particles present.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Objective: 08.04 Estimate the number of microorganisms in a sample (using, for example, direct count, viable plate count and
spectrophotometric methods).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.05.02 Describe three direct counting methods and two indirect counting methods used to enumerate viruses
Section: 06.05
Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles
Topic: Viruses

Multiple Choice Questions

49. Animal viruses have been cultivated in

A. suitable host animals.
B. embryonated eggs.
C. tissue cultures (monolayers of animal cells).
D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.05.01 List the approaches used to cultivate viruses, noting which types of viruses are cultivated by each method
Section: 06.05
Topic: Viruses

6-24
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

50. Which of the following can be used to cultivate plant viruses?

A. Cultures of separated plant cells

B. Whole plants

C. Plant protoplast cultures

D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.05.01 List the approaches used to cultivate viruses, noting which types of viruses are cultivated by each method
Section: 06.05
Topic: Viruses

51. 0.2 mls of a 10-4 dilution of a virus preparation yields 90 plaques. What is the number of
PFU per ml in the undiluted virus preparation?
A. 9.0  105
B. 4.5  106
C. 4.5  107
D. 9.0  108

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Objective: 08.04 Estimate the number of microorganisms in a sample (using, for example, direct count, viable plate count and
spectrophotometric methods).
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 06.05.02 Describe three direct counting methods and two indirect counting methods used to enumerate viruses
Section: 06.05
Topic: Viruses

6-25
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

52. A ________ assay is most useful for determining the viability of a viral preparation.
A. direct (electron microscopic) count
B. hemagglutination
C. plaque
D. PCR

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Objective: 08.04 Estimate the number of microorganisms in a sample (using, for example, direct count, viable plate count and
spectrophotometric methods).
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 06.05.02 Describe three direct counting methods and two indirect counting methods used to enumerate viruses
Section: 06.05
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

53. Hemagglutination is
A. the clumping together of red blood cells in the presence of a viral suspension.
B. the binding of iron in the process of a viral suspension.
C. the clumping together of infected cells in the presence of a viral suspension.
D. None of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.05.02 Describe three direct counting methods and two indirect counting methods used to enumerate viruses
Section: 06.05
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

True / False Questions

6-26
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

54. Like bacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms, most viruses can be cultured using artificial
media.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.05.02 Describe three direct counting methods and two indirect counting methods used to enumerate viruses
Section: 06.05
Topic: Viruses

55. Bacterial viruses are so named because they have prokaryotic cell structures similar to
their bacterial hosts.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.01.01 Define the terms virology, bacteriophages, and phages
Section: 06.01
Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles
Topic: General Viral Properties
Topic: Viruses

Fill in the Blank Questions

56. Localized areas of destruction occurring on plants that have been infected by a virus are
referred to as __________ lesions.
necrotic

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.04.03 Differentiate among the types of viral infections of eukaryotic cells
Section: 06.04
Topic: Viral Infections
Topic: Viruses

Multiple Choice Questions

6-27
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

57. Which of the following is not a mechanism by which viruses cause cancer?
A. They carry a cancer-causing gene into the cell.
B. They encode proteins that bind to and inactivate host cell proteins known as tumor
suppressor proteins.
C. They produce defective interfering particles.
D. An expression of viral proteins results in abnormal expression of genes that regulate cell
growth and reproduction.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.04.04 Summarize the current understanding of how oncoviruses cause cancer
Section: 06.04
Topic: Viral Structure
Topic: Viruses

58. Which of the following is not true of viroids?

A. Viroids are small circular ssRNA molecules.
B. Viroids have no protein capsids.
C. Viroid RNA does not serve as mRNA nor does it direct the synthesis of mRNA.
D. Extracellular viroids have a lipid bilayer envelope.

ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.06.01 Describe the structure of a viroid and discuss the practical importance of viroids
Section: 06.06
Topic: Viruses

6-28
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

59. Viroids are of economic significance because they cause disease in

A. plants.
B. animals.
C. humans.
D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.06.01 Describe the structure of a viroid and discuss the practical importance of viroids
Section: 06.06
Topic: Viruses

60. Viroids are:

A. proteins that may infect man and other animals causing spongiform encephalopathy.
B. a class of so-called slow viruses.
C. a new class of small single stranded DNA viruses that infect some animals.
D. short infectious single stranded RNAs that can infect some plants.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.06.01 Describe the structure of a viroid and discuss the practical importance of viroids
Section: 06.06
Topic: Viruses

6-29
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Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

61. Prions are of significance because they cause infections of

A. domestic animals and humans.
B. plants.
C. fungi.
D. prokaryotes.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.07.01 Describe prion structure and how prions are thought to replicate
Learning Outcome: 06.07.02 List characteristics common to all animal diseases caused by prions
Learning Outcome: 06.07.03 Name at least two human diseases caused by prions
Section: 06.07
Topic: Microbial World

62. Which of the following diseases is (are) caused by prions?

A. Scrapie

B. Mad cow disease

C. Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.07.02 List characteristics common to all animal diseases caused by prions
Learning Outcome: 06.07.03 Name at least two human diseases caused by prions
Section: 06.07
Topic: Microbial World

True / False Questions

6-30
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

63. Prions consist of proteins and have no apparent nucleic acid genome.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Objective: 06.02 Microorganisms provide essential models that give us fundamental knowledge about life processes.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.07.01 Describe prion structure and how prions are thought to replicate
Section: 06.07
Topic: Microbial World

64. Available evidence is consistent with the proposal that prion diseases are caused by
infectious proteins.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.07.01 Describe prion structure and how prions are thought to replicate
Learning Outcome: 06.07.02 List characteristics common to all animal diseases caused by prions
Learning Outcome: 06.07.03 Name at least two human diseases caused by prions
Section: 06.07
Topic: Microbial World

65. The mechanism of pathogenesis by prions may involve a conformational change in the
prion protein (PrP) to an abnormal form.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.07.04 Describe the mechanisms by which a prion protein might first appear in a brain cell
Section: 06.07
Topic: Microbial World

6-31
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

66. There are no known human diseases that have been linked to prions.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.07.03 Name at least two human diseases caused by prions
Section: 06.07
Topic: Microbial World

Multiple Choice Questions

67. Which virion release process is most often used by enveloped viruses?
A. Lysis
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Budding
D. Diffusion through channel protein

ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique
structures and genomes.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 06.03.03 Describe the two most common methods for virion release from a host cell
Section: 06.03
Topic: Enveloped DNA Viruses
Topic: Enveloped RNA Viruses
Topic: Viral Replication

68. Which type of virus is most likely to be released by lysis of the host cell?
A. Enveloped virus
B. Non-enveloped virus

ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique
structures and genomes.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 06.03.03 Describe the two most common methods for virion release from a host cell
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Replication
Topic: Viruses

True / False Questions

6-32
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

69. A temperate phage always lyses its host cell.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique
structures and genomes.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.04.01 Compare and contrast the major steps of the life cycles of virulent phages and temperate phages
Section: 06.04
Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles
Topic: Viruses

Multiple Choice Questions

70. For a temperate phage to produce more phage, which of the following must happen?
A. Lysogeny
B. Induction
C. Lysogenic conversion
D. Prophage formation

ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique
structures and genomes.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 06.04.01 Compare and contrast the major steps of the life cycles of virulent phages and temperate phages
Section: 06.04
Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles
Topic: Viruses

6-33
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

71. The production of cholera toxin by virulent strains of Vibrio cholera is dependent upon
genes in a bacteriophage. This is an example of
A. lysogenic conversion.
B. induction.
C. bacterial transformation.
D. transduction.

ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic
abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.04.02 List examples of lysogenic conversion
Section: 06.04
Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles
Topic: Viruses

72. Diphtheria toxin is produced only by strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that are
infected with a particular bacteriophage. This is an example of
A. conjugation.
B. induction.
C. lysis.
D. lysogenic conversion.

ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic
abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.04.02 List examples of lysogenic conversion
Section: 06.04
Topic: Viruses

6-34
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

73. Which type of phage always lyses its host cell?

A. Temperate
B. Virulent
C. Lysogenic
D. Prophage

ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique
structures and genomes.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.04.01 Compare and contrast the major steps of the life cycles of virulent phages and temperate phages
Section: 06.04
Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles
Topic: Viruses

Ranking Questions

74. Place the following steps in the correct order to reflect how a plaque assay is done:
5 Plates from different dilutions are examined and plaques are counted.
2 Dilutions are mixed with the appropriate bacterial host.
3 Bacterial/sample dilution mixtures are plated on agar plates.
1 Several dilutions of sample to be assayed are prepared.
4 Plates are incubated to allow for plaque development.

ASM Objective: 08.04 Estimate the number of microorganisms in a sample (using, for example, direct count, viable plate count and
spectrophotometric methods).
ASM Objective: 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.05.01 List the approaches used to cultivate viruses, noting which types of viruses are cultivated by each method
Learning Outcome: 06.05.02 Describe three direct counting methods and two indirect counting methods used to enumerate viruses
Section: 06.05
Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles
Topic: Viruses

True / False Questions

6-35
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

75. Laboratory animals must be used to determine lethal and infectious doses of viruses.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 06.05.04 Distinguish lethal dose from infectious dose
Section: 06.05
Topic: Viruses

Ranking Questions

76. Place the steps in the correct order to reflect how a lethal dose may be determined.
1 Dilutions of virus are made to represent a range of concentrations.
3 Inoculated host cells are observed and the number of dead cells are counted.
4 The dilution which killed 50% of the tissue culture cells is identified.
2 Dilutions are inoculated into susceptible tissue cultures (or susceptible host organisms).

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Objective: 07.02 Ability to use quantitative reasoning: Use mathematical reasoning and graphing skills to solve problems in
microbiology.
ASM Objective: 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
ASM Topic: Module 07 Scientific Thinking
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.05.04 Distinguish lethal dose from infectious dose
Section: 06.05
Topic: Viral Infections
Topic: Viruses

Multiple Choice Questions

6-36
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

77. Which of the following encodes its own capsid proteins?

A. Satellite virus
B. Satellite DNA
C. Satellite RNA
D. Prion

ASM Objective: 06.02 Microorganisms provide essential models that give us fundamental knowledge about life processes.
ASM Objective: 06.04 Because the true diversity of microbial life is largely unknown, its effects and potential benefits have not been fully
explored.
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.06.02 Distinguish satellite viruses from satellite nucleic acids
Section: 06.06
Topic: Viruses

78. Which of the following is/are necessary for the replication of a satellite virus?
A. Host cell only
B. Helper virus only
C. Prion only
D. Host cell and helper virus

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.06.02 Distinguish satellite viruses from satellite nucleic acids
Section: 06.06
Topic: Viruses

79. The most notable difference between PrPC (normal protein) and PrPSc (prion protein) is
A. PrPC is a much longer polypeptide chain, compared to PrPSc.
B. PrPC causes a cell to undergo rapid apoptosis.
C. PrPc folds appropriately whereas PrPSc does not fold correctly.
D. PrPc is a functional glycolytic enzymewhereas PrPSc is nonfunctional.

ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 06.04 Because the true diversity of microbial life is largely unknown, its effects and potential benefits have not been fully
explored.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.07.01 Describe prion structure and how prions are thought to replicate
Section: 06.07
Topic: Prions

6-37
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Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

80. All of the following are methods of prion disease transmission EXCEPT
A. ingestion of infected tissue.
B. inheritance (genetic).
C. organ or tissue transplantation.
D. contamination through use of inadequately processed surgical instruments.
E. inhalation (airborne).

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.07.02 List characteristics common to all animal diseases caused by prions
Learning Outcome: 06.07.03 Name at least two human diseases caused by prions
Section: 06.07
Topic: Prions

True / False Questions

81. A PrPc protein can convert a PrPSc to a PrPc.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 06.07.01 Describe prion structure and how prions are thought to replicate
Section: 06.07
Topic: Prions

Multiple Choice Questions

6-38
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

82. What is the minimum number of phage that can initiate the development of a plaque in a
bacterial lawn?
A. 1
B. 5
C. 10
D. 25

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.05.03 Outline the events that lead to the formation of a plaque in a lawn of bacterial cells
Section: 06.05
Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles
Topic: Viruses

True / False Questions

83. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is known to have been transmitted by surgical instruments and
transplanted nerve tissue.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.07.04 Describe the mechanisms by which a prion protein might first appear in a brain cell
Section: 06.07
Topic: Prions

6-39
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The face of
China
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: The face of China

Travels in east, north, central and western China

Author: E. G. Kemp

Release date: February 6, 2024 [eBook #72882]

Language: English

Original publication: New York: Duffield and Company, 1909

Credits: Brian Coe, Peter Becker and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file
was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FACE

OF CHINA ***
 Transcriber’s Note
Larger versions of most illustrations may be seen by right-
clicking them and selecting an option to view them separately,
or by double-tapping and/or stretching them.
Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.
THE FACE OF CHINA
THE AUTHOR AS CHINESE “FEMALE TRAVELLING
SCHOLAR”
 T H E FA C E O F
CHINA
TRAVELS IN EAST, NORTH,
CENTRAL AND WESTERN CHINA ¶
WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE
NEW SCHOOLS, UNIVERSITIES,
MISSIONS, AND THE OLD
RELIGIOUS SACRED PLACES OF
CONFUCIANISM, BUDDHISM, AND
TAOISM THE WHOLE WRITTEN &
ILLUSTRATED BY E. G. KEMP,
F.R.S.G.S.

NEW YORK
DUFFIELD & COMPANY
1909
All rights reserved
 THIS BOOK
IS DEDICATED TO THE FRIEND

to whose suggestion and encouragement

it owes its existence

PRINCIPAL MARCUS DODS, D.D.

 PREFACE

E
VERY intelligent person that I have met whose good fairy has
led him to the Celestial Empire has fallen under the spell of
that marvellous people and marvellous land. I am fired with
the ambition to cast that spell even on those who have never been
there, by showing them as accurately and vividly as I can, with pen
and brush, what the face of China actually is.
People may describe with success the soul of a people, provided
it is sufficiently near the surface, but the foreigner who has known
and loved China for a lifetime would be the first to repudiate the
possibility of doing this in the case of China. I would rather take
Browning’s view—“Nor soul helps body more than body soul”—and
try to set down faithfully the things I have seen, that they may lead
others to study China for themselves.
It may be objected that the picture is too much couleur de rose,
because I have not dwelt on the dark side of things: but there is a
use for eyelids as well as for eyes.
This book is the result of a year spent in Shansi, 1893–94, and
six months spent in travel through the provinces of Shantung, Chili,
Hupeh, Szechwan, and Yünnan during 1907–8. The former visit was
mainly spent at a medical mission at Taiyüanfu, which was then
remote from Western influences; now everything has changed, and I
travelled from north-east to south-west of the Empire and found no
village untouched by the great awakening. On the first occasion I
was always conscious of a certain hostility in the attitude of the
people towards foreigners; this time it was quite the reverse.
Considering the behaviour of many travellers towards the Chinese,
this seems to me really astonishing; but they are very sensitive in
their appreciation of mental attitude, and they responded
unhesitatingly to the call we made on their chivalry by placing
ourselves unreservedly in their hands. We were repeatedly warned
not to do this, but our confidence was justified by the event. In no
European country could we have been more courteously treated,
and in very few have I travelled so happily and so free from care.
The journey was one long series of pleasant surprises, and my
friend expressed the feelings of both of us when, on crossing the
frontier into Burma, she exclaimed: “If only we could turn round and
go all the way back again!” If any one is induced by reading this book
to make personal acquaintance with China, it will not have been
written in vain.
 NOTE

There is so little in this volume which is drawn from other sources

than personal observation, and information obtained from our
Chinese and missionary friends on the spot, that I have thought well
not to burden the reader with foot-notes. The various details as to
the religions of China are mainly drawn from an interesting little
volume by Giles, “Religions of Ancient China,” Smith’s “Uplift of
China,” and Hackmann’s “Buddhism as a Religion”; while the
account of the railways is from Kent’s “Railway Enterprise in China.”
The spelling of Chinese names is according to the most recent
standard map, giving the orthography of the Chinese Imperial Post
Office.
 CONTENTS
Preface vii
Note ix
I. Shanghai 1
II. Shantung, the German Sphere of Influence 13
III. A Day in the Country (Shantung) 20
IV. Shantung Silk 27
V. Tsinan 31
VI. The Sacred Shrine of Tai Shan 45
VII. The Home of Confucius: Küfow 53
VIII. The Yellow River and Grand Canal 66
IX. Journey into Shansi in 1893 73
X. Taiyüanfu 81
XI. Peking 92
XII. The Péhan Railway: from Peking to Hankow 106
XIII. On the Yangtze: Ichang to Wanhsien 116
XIV. Szechwan High-roads 145
XV. Chengtu 161
XVI. The Min River 173
XVII. Mount Omi 182
XVIII. From Szechwan into Yünnan 195
XIX. The Road to Yünnan Fu 208
XX. Yünnan Fu 218
XXI. Tali Fu 234
XXII. Tali Fu to Teng Yueh 241
XXIII. From China into Burma 252
XXIV. The Present Situation in China 257
Table of Dynasties 271
Index 273
 ILLUSTRATIONS

Coloured Plates
Portrait of Author as Chinese “Female Traveling Scholar”
(p. 236) Frontispiece
Tea-House in Old Shanghai 6
A Suburb of Weihsien 16
A Village School 24
Official (Court Dress) 30
Mountain Chair 46
Tai Shan 48
Private House: Küfow 54
Confucian Temple 56
Mounted Military Escort 64
Our Houseboat, Grand Canal 69
Camel Inn 74
Opium Refuge 80
Theatre Stage 82
Pagoda 84
Tiger Brave 86
Scholar—Southern Servant 91
City Wall of Peking 92
Temple of Heaven 96
A Lady of Quality—An Official 100
Boxer—Kachin Woman (p. 253) 104
Mr. Ku 106
The Brakeman on the Péhan Railway 108
Ancestral Tablet 120
Blue Dawn 122
Yeh Tan Rapid 124
Village and Junk 132
The Look-out on the Yangtze 134
Camel-back Bridge 144
Szechwan Highway 150
Sunlight and Mist in the Mountains 158
Buddhist Monastery 166
Military Yamen 171
House on Min River 179
Otter Fishing on Min River 181
Mount Omi Bridge 187
Summit of Mount Omi 192
Copper Idol, Sui Fu 196
Cormorants on the Cormorant River 198
Laowatan River 201
Wha Miao 206
Bridegroom—Funeral Pagoda 213
Temple of the God of Literature 221
Fellow-Travellers 226
Tomb of a Philosopher among Rice-fields 229
Tali Fu 235
Shan Woman 249
 Sepia Drawings
Cemetery of Confucius 61
Old Examination Buildings 88
Great Wall 110
Chinese Graves 116
River-side Shrine 141
The Chef on the Yangtze 141
City Gate: Chengtu 160
Police Boatman: Min River 181
Signboard of Inn 181
Buddhist Monk beating Fish Gong while Chanting 189
Tiger Shrine 189
Our Military Escort 203
“Orphan Spirit” Shrine 203
Tower of Refuge 204
“Omi to fu” Shrine 204
Miao Woman 206
Upland Village 208
Uh Chai 208
Yünnan Hat 211
Lolo Woman 211
Village Screen Wall 233
Carrying-Chair 233
Suspension-Bridge 243
Bridge made of Creepers 244
THE FACE OF CHINA