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(download pdf) Cardiopulmonary Anatomy Physiology Essentials of Respiratory Care 6th Edition Jardins Test Bank full chapter
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Chapter 10 Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Feedback
A Lung buds first appear on the 24th day after fertilization.
B Lung buds first appear on the 24th day after fertilization.
C Lung buds first appear on the 24th day after fertilization.
D Lung buds first appear on the 24th day after fertilization.
2. At what gestational age after fertilization do primitive lobar bronchi first appear?
a. 30-32 days c. 42-45 days
b. 24-26 days d. 38-40 days
ANS: A
Feedback
A Lung buds first appear on the 24th day after fertilization.
B Lung buds first appear on the 24th day after fertilization.
C Lung buds first appear on the 24th day after fertilization.
D Lung buds first appear on the 24th day after fertilization.
Feedback
A By 16 weeks after fertilization, all of the subsegmental bronchi are present.
B By 16 weeks after fertilization, all of the subsegmental bronchi are present.
C By 16 weeks after fertilization, all of the subsegmental bronchi are present.
D By 16 weeks after fertilization, all of the subsegmental bronchi are present.
Feedback
A Primitive respiratory bronchioles appear between the 17th and 24th weeks of gestation.
B Primitive respiratory bronchioles appear between the 17th and 24th weeks of gestation.
C Primitive respiratory bronchioles appear between the 17th and 24th weeks of gestation.
D Primitive respiratory bronchioles appear between the 17th and 24th weeks of gestation.
Feedback
A The terminal sac period begins at the 24th week of gestation.
B The terminal sac period begins at the 24th week of gestation.
C The terminal sac period begins at the 24th week of gestation.
D The terminal sac period begins at the 24th week of gestation.
6. Which of the following would be most likely to develop after delivery of a newborn at 27 weeks
gestational age?
a. PPHN c. Tetralogy of Fallot
b. meconium aspiration d. Coarctation of the aorta
ANS: A
Feedback
A Due to the immaturity of the lungs and cardiovascular system at 27 weeks gestation,
PPHN often develops.
B Due to the immaturity of the lungs and cardiovascular system at 27 weeks gestation,
PPHN often develops.
C Due to the immaturity of the lungs and cardiovascular system at 27 weeks gestation,
PPHN often develops.
D Due to the immaturity of the lungs and cardiovascular system at 27 weeks gestation,
PPHN often develops.
Feedback
A The placenta begins to develop when the fertilized egg implants in the uterine wall.
B The placenta begins to develop when the fertilized egg implants in the uterine wall.
C The placenta begins to develop when the fertilized egg implants in the uterine wall.
D The placenta begins to develop when the fertilized egg implants in the uterine wall.
I. Fetal vessels
II. Chorionic villi
III. Intervillous spaces
Feedback
A A cotyledon is composed of fetal vessels, chorionic villi, and the intervillous spaces.
B A cotyledon is composed of fetal vessels, chorionic villi, and the intervillous spaces.
C A cotyledon is composed of fetal vessels, chorionic villi, and the intervillous spaces.
D A cotyledon is composed of fetal vessels, chorionic villi, and the intervillous spaces.
Feedback
A The normal PO2 in the umbilical arteries is 20 mm Hg.
B The normal PO2 in the umbilical arteries is 20 mm Hg.
C The normal PO2 in the umbilical arteries is 20 mm Hg.
D The normal PO2 in the umbilical arteries is 20 mm Hg.
10. What of the following influence the oxygen transfer from maternal to fetal blood?
Feedback
A The oxygen pressure gradient and higher fetal hemoglobin positively affect the
maternal fetal oxygen transfer.
B The oxygen pressure gradient and higher fetal hemoglobin positively affect the
maternal fetal oxygen transfer.
C The oxygen pressure gradient and higher fetal hemoglobin positively affect the
maternal fetal oxygen transfer.
D The oxygen pressure gradient and higher fetal hemoglobin positively affect the
maternal fetal oxygen transfer.
11. What is the term for the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall?
a. abruptio placentae c. placenta accreta
b. placenta previa d. placenta percreta
ANS: A
Feedback
A The premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is called abruptio
placentae.
B The premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is called abruptio
placentae.
C The premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is called abruptio
placentae.
D The premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is called abruptio
placentae.
12. Which of the following contribute to the wide variance between maternal and fetal PO2 and PCO2?
Feedback
A All three of the factors listed contribute to the variance in maternal and fetal blood
gases.
B All three of the factors listed contribute to the variance in maternal and fetal blood
gases.
C All three of the factors listed contribute to the variance in maternal and fetal blood
gases.
D All three of the factors listed contribute to the variance in maternal and fetal blood
gases.
13. Which vessels transports oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus?
a. umbilical vein c. placental vein
b. umbilical artery d. placental artery
ANS: A
Feedback
A The umbilical vein delivers nutirents from the placenta to the fetus.
B The umbilical vein delivers nutirents from the placenta to the fetus.
C The umbilical vein delivers nutirents from the placenta to the fetus.
D The umbilical vein delivers nutirents from the placenta to the fetus.
14. In the fetus, where does the majority of blood flow go after leaving the right atrium?
a. left atrium c. left ventricle
b. right ventricle d. pulmonary artery
ANS: A
Feedback
A In the fetus, the majority of blood flow travels from the right atrium to the left atrium
through the foramen ovale.
B In the fetus, the majority of blood flow travels from the right atrium to the left atrium
through the foramen ovale.
C In the fetus, the majority of blood flow travels from the right atrium to the left atrium
through the foramen ovale.
D In the fetus, the majority of blood flow travels from the right atrium to the left atrium
through the foramen ovale.
15. After birth, into what structure does the umbilical vein evolve?
a. ligamentum teres (round ligament) of the liver
b. lateral umbilical ligament
c. ligamentum venosum of the liver
d. ligamentum arteriosum
ANS: A
Feedback
A After birth, the umbilical vein evolves into the round ligament or ligamentum teres of
the liver.
B After birth, the umbilical vein evolves into the round ligament or ligamentum teres of
the liver.
C After birth, the umbilical vein evolves into the round ligament or ligamentum teres of
the liver.
D After birth, the umbilical vein evolves into the round ligament or ligamentum teres of
the liver.
Feedback
A Amniocentesis is the diagnostic procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is
collected for laboratory analysis via a needle inserted through the uterine wall.
B Amniocentesis is the diagnostic procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is
collected for laboratory analysis via a needle inserted through the uterine wall.
C Amniocentesis is the diagnostic procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is
collected for laboratory analysis via a needle inserted through the uterine wall.
D Amniocentesis is the diagnostic procedure in which a sample of amniotic fluid is
collected for laboratory analysis via a needle inserted through the uterine wall.
Feedback
A Fetal lung fluid is believed to originate from alveolar cells.
B Fetal lung fluid is believed to originate from alveolar cells.
C Fetal lung fluid is believed to originate from alveolar cells.
D Fetal lung fluid is believed to originate from alveolar cells.
Feedback
A About a third of the fluid is squeezed out during a vaginal delivery and the remainder
absorbed by the pulmonary capillaries and lymphatic system.
B About a third of the fluid is squeezed out during a vaginal delivery and the remainder
absorbed by the pulmonary capillaries and lymphatic system.
C About a third of the fluid is squeezed out during a vaginal delivery and the remainder
absorbed by the pulmonary capillaries and lymphatic system.
D About a third of the fluid is squeezed out during a vaginal delivery and the remainder
absorbed by the pulmonary capillaries and lymphatic system.
Feedback
A At birth, approximately 24 million alveoli are present.
B At birth, approximately 24 million alveoli are present.
C At birth, approximately 24 million alveoli are present.
D At birth, approximately 24 million alveoli are present.
Feedback
A A 12 year old should have the adult number of alveoli - somewhere between 240 and
300 million depending on the source cited.
B A 12 year old should have the adult number of alveoli - somewhere between 240 and
300 million depending on the source cited.
C A 12 year old should have the adult number of alveoli - somewhere between 240 and
300 million depending on the source cited.
D A 12 year old should have the adult number of alveoli - somewhere between 240 and
300 million depending on the source cited.
21. What would you conclude regarding a fetus’ lung maturity if the S:A ratio equaled 60?
a. fetal lung maturity
b. immature fetal lungs
c. uncertain lung maturity
d. Unable to make a conclusion since the S:A ratio does not assess lung maturity
ANS: A
Feedback
A When the S:A ratio exceeds 55, the fetal lungs are mature.
B When the S:A ratio exceeds 55, the fetal lungs are mature.
C When the S:A ratio exceeds 55, the fetal lungs are mature.
D When the S:A ratio exceeds 55, the fetal lungs are mature.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application
REF: Number of Alveoli at Birth|Clinical Connection 10-4: Tests Used to Determine Fetal Lung
Maturity OBJ: 12
22. What does the presence of phosphatidyglycerol (PG) in the amniotic fluid indicate?
a. low risk of development of respiratory distress
b. high risk of development of respiratory distress
c. immature fetal lungs
d. uncertain fetal lung maturity
ANS: A
Feedback
A The presence of PG in amniotic fluid indicates a low risk of development of respiratory
distress.
B The presence of PG in amniotic fluid indicates a low risk of development of respiratory
distress.
C The presence of PG in amniotic fluid indicates a low risk of development of respiratory
distress.
D The presence of PG in amniotic fluid indicates a low risk of development of respiratory
distress.
23. Which of the following factors contribute to stimulate the first breath?
I. Tactile stimulation
II. Stimulation of central chemoreceptors
III. Stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors
IV. Thermal stimuli
Feedback
A Multiple changes in the newborn’s environment, including all four factors listed,
contribute to stimulate the first breath.
B Multiple changes in the newborn’s environment, including all four factors listed,
contribute to stimulate the first breath.
C Multiple changes in the newborn’s environment, including all four factors listed,
contribute to stimulate the first breath.
D Multiple changes in the newborn’s environment, including all four factors listed,
contribute to stimulate the first breath.
Feedback
A The average newborn’s lung compliance is 0.005 L/cm H20.
B The average newborn’s lung compliance is 0.005 L/cm H20.
C The average newborn’s lung compliance is 0.005 L/cm H20.
D The average newborn’s lung compliance is 0.005 L/cm H20.
25. What intrapleural pressure must be generated to initiate the first breath?
a. -40 cm H20 c. -4 cm H20
b. -400 cm H20 d. 40 cm H20
ANS: A
Feedback
A To initiate the first breath, a newborn must generate an intrapleural pressure of -40 cm
H20 before air will enter the lungs.
B To initiate the first breath, a newborn must generate an intrapleural pressure of -40 cm
H20 before air will enter the lungs.
C To initiate the first breath, a newborn must generate an intrapleural pressure of -40 cm
H20 before air will enter the lungs.
D To initiate the first breath, a newborn must generate an intrapleural pressure of -40 cm
H20 before air will enter the lungs.
Feedback
A The average value for a newborn’s airway resistance is 30 cmH20/L/sec
B The average value for a newborn’s airway resistance is 30 cmH20/L/sec
C The average value for a newborn’s airway resistance is 30 cmH20/L/sec
D The average value for a newborn’s airway resistance is 30 cmH20/L/sec
27. What of the following factors cause a reduction in the pulmonary vascular resistance following the
first breath?
Feedback
A The flap of the foramen ovale closes when the pressure in the left atrium increases.
B The flap of the foramen ovale closes when the pressure in the left atrium increases.
C The flap of the foramen ovale closes when the pressure in the left atrium increases.
D The flap of the foramen ovale closes when the pressure in the left atrium increases.
Feedback
A The ductus arteriosus functionally closes when the newborn’s PO2 rises above 45-50
mmHg.
B The ductus arteriosus functionally closes when the newborn’s PO2 rises above 45-50
mmHg.
C The ductus arteriosus functionally closes when the newborn’s PO2 rises above 45-50
mmHg.
D The ductus arteriosus functionally closes when the newborn’s PO2 rises above 45-50
mmHg.
30. What is the most common cause of respiratory failure in preterm infants?
a. RDS c. pneumonia
b. meconium aspiration d. BPD
ANS: A
Feedback
A Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most common cause of respiratory failure in
preterm infants.
B Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most common cause of respiratory failure in
preterm infants.
C Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most common cause of respiratory failure in
preterm infants.
D Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most common cause of respiratory failure in
preterm infants.
31. Which of the following nerves,when stimulated, causes a decrease in the respiratory and heart rates of
the newborn?
a. V cranial nerve (trigeminal) c. VII cranial nerve
b. phrenic d. IX cranial nerve
ANS: A
Feedback
A Stimulation of the trigeminal nerve causes a drop in a newborn’s heart rate and
respiratory rate.
B Stimulation of the trigeminal nerve causes a drop in a newborn’s heart rate and
respiratory rate.
C Stimulation of the trigeminal nerve causes a drop in a newborn’s heart rate and
respiratory rate.
D Stimulation of the trigeminal nerve causes a drop in a newborn’s heart rate and
respiratory rate.
32. What response would be expected if a newborn of 28 weeks gestational age received endotracheal
suctioning?
a. bradypnea or apnea would occur
b. tachypnea would occur followed by apnea
c. no change in respiratory rate rate would occur
d. the newborn would take a breath on top of a breath
ANS: A
Feedback
A Preterm infants respond to tracheal stimulation with either a reduced respiratory rate or
apnea.
B Preterm infants respond to tracheal stimulation with either a reduced respiratory rate or
apnea.
C Preterm infants respond to tracheal stimulation with either a reduced respiratory rate or
apnea.
D Preterm infants respond to tracheal stimulation with either a reduced respiratory rate or
apnea.
33. What is the normal tidal volume and TLC of an average newborn?
a. Tidal volume 15 mL and TLC 155 mL
b. Tidal volume 40 mL and TLC 300 mL
c. Tidal volume 50 mL and TLC 400 mL
d. Tidal volume 75 mL and TLC 500 mL
ANS: A
Feedback
A The average tidal volume of a newborn is 15 mL and the total lung capacity is 155 mL.
B The average tidal volume of a newborn is 15 mL and the total lung capacity is 155 mL.
C The average tidal volume of a newborn is 15 mL and the total lung capacity is 155 mL.
D The average tidal volume of a newborn is 15 mL and the total lung capacity is 155 mL.
34. During the first 72 hours in the life of a healthy newborn, what changes would be expected in arterial
blood gases?
I. pH would increase
II. PaCO2 would decrease
III. HCO3- would increase
IV. PaO2 would increase
Feedback
A In a healthy newborn, arterial pH and PaO2 would increase and PaCO2 and HCO3-
would decrease during the first 72 hours of life.
B In a healthy newborn, arterial pH and PaO2 would increase and PaCO2 and HCO3-
would decrease during the first 72 hours of life.
C In a healthy newborn, arterial pH and PaO2 would increase and PaCO2 and HCO3-
would decrease during the first 72 hours of life.
D In a healthy newborn, arterial pH and PaO2 would increase and PaCO2 and HCO3-
would decrease during the first 72 hours of life.
35. If a registered repiratory therapist succesfully completes the NBRC’s neonatal/pediatric specialty
credential, what credential would be awarded?
a. RRT-NPS c. NPRCS
b. CRT-NPS d. None-no such credential exists
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall
REF: Clinical Parameters in the Normal Newborn|Clinical Connection 10-6: Neonatal/Pediatric
Respiratory Care Specialist OBJ: 19
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