B2 - Modulos Completos

INGLES B2
https://learn.altissia.org/platform/#/learning-path
TALLER 1
TALKING ABOUT A SOCIAL ISSUE
LECCION 1
Discussing Social Demands
He is working part-time, that's why he is at home two days per week.

When I propose that she accompanies me, she turns a deaf ear.
His speech was very long, we had to wait one hour before he got to the heart of the matter.
When they spoke of the future they referred to the reform.
She is the only one providing for her family.
Mister Venquedire is a trade union leader.
True
According to Mister Venquedire, there are large inequalities in our company.
True
For Mister Venquedire, it is normal that salary differences exist.
True
Mister Venquedire wants the government to increase all salaries.
false
Mister Venquedire wants rich people to pay more taxes.
True
Mister Venquedire feels that the social protection of the workers is sufficient.
false
The government is open to the demands of the trade union.
false
EJERCICIO 4
Choose the right answer.
Our country has plunged into a deep economic crisis.
She has a lot of experience behind her.
They paid social contributions for forty years.
The unemployment rate has diminished.
They presented their demands to management.
TEST 1
In our country, the workers generally benefit from good social protection.
Working for this airline company, he benefits from many discounts on ticket prices.
Many governments plan to increase the age of retirement.
An employee of the company denounced bad working conditions.
She was injured during a match and had to put an end to her career.
He got to the heart of the without wasting time.
I explained my point of view but he didn't agree with me.
The unemployment rate has risen sharply in the last year.
This company is always on the hunt for good workers.
The cashier was new and accidentally overcharged the customer.
She has solid experience in the field of advertising.
We demand an increase of our wages.
They referred to an old story that I had never heard.
She has a law degree and another one in communication.
She doesn't work too much; she limits herself to the strict minimum.
I transferred three thousand euros to a humanitarian association.
When we found our cat, it was in a deplorable state.
In an egalitarian society, all must have the same rights and the same obligations.
Workers benefit, in certain companies, from complementary health coverage.
The insurance claim was rejected because it was too high.
For her retirement, she receives a good pension.
The country was plunged into an unprecedented crisis.
She has a full-time job as an accountant in a small local company.
He has a fixed -term contract for a three month period in a cleaning company.
He has a part-time job in a cleaning company.
His wage must allow him to satisfy the needs of his entire family.
He is competent; moreover he is really kind.
When we criticise him, he turns a deaf ear to us.
In our country, the social security works rather well.
All trade unions across the country were called upon for a general strike.
In our country, the social contributions are rather high.
The tax authorities impose a tax rate of 30% on the average incomes.
My grandma is a pensioner ; she does not work anymore as she retired a few years ago.
If two candidates tie for the job, it will be their experience that will prevail.
LECCION 2
ARTICLES
Louise tells Marco about places she plans to visit.
Louise and Marco do not discuss health.
Some of the places Louise and Marco discuss have an article (a/an/the) before them.
We use the indefinite article (a/an) with some fixed phrases. For example, “once a day”, “20 kilometres an
hour”.
We use the indefinite article (a/an) the first time a singular countable noun item is mentioned. For example,
“I got an interrailing ticket.”
We use the indefinite article (a/an) when talking about something of which there are many. For example,
“a personal assistant.”
We use the definite article (the) when mentioning something again. For example, “The suitcase I was telling
you about is quite big.”
We use the definite article (the) with superlative adjectives. For example, “I’m not the most adventurous of
travellers.”
We use the definite article (the) when talking about something that is unique. For example, “She’s the
President of the United Nations.”
We use the definite article (the) with specific uncountable nouns. For example, “the traffic in Rome.”
We use the definite article (the) when referring to specific organisations or buildings. For example, “the
university in town.”
We use the definite article (the) when referring to countries containing the words “Republic”, "Kingdom”,
"Emirates” or “States”. For example, “the UK.”
We use the definite article (the) when referring to mountain ranges, rivers and seas . For example, “the
Alps,” “the Mediterranean.”
We use the definite article (the) with the names of theatres, cinemas, hotels and museums . For
example, “the Ritz”, “the Borghese Gallery.”
We use the zero article (-) when generalising about plural and uncountable nouns. For example, “I thought you
hated travelling.”
We use the zero article (-) with abstract nouns. For example, “Happiness is so important.”
We use the zero article (-) when talking institutions. For example, “university isn’t for everyone.”
We use the zero article (-) with most countries. For example, “France”, “Spain”, “Mexico”.
We use the zero article (-) with specific mountains and lakes. For example, “Mount Everest”, “Lake
Titicaca”
We use the zero article (-) when talking about continents and regions. For example, “Northern Italy”,
“Europe”
Complete the conversation with the correct articles ("a"/"an", "the" or "-").
M. Hi Louise! How was your holiday?
L. Fantastic!
M. And how were the coffee and croissants by the Eiffel Tower?
L. About £25! So I decided to save my money instead.
M. Wow, that’s a lot. So, did you go to all the countries you planned to? Which was your favourite?
L. I did, and I had an amazing time in the Netherlands. I’m going back there at the end of this semester.
M. So what was so good about - Holland?

L. It was just so chilled. the weather was really good and everyone seemed really friendly.
M. Was the food OK?
L. Yeah, I had a few good meals there, but the best food was definitely in Paris.
M. So what did you like about it?
L. Hmmmm, it wasn’t as dramatic as the Alps, or cultural as - Rome, but it just had a really nice feel to it.
Yeah, cool place.
Future Perfect
Flo and Mike are

Related
Flo and Mike are discussing.
Future plans
Flo and Mike already have some other plans for Saturday.
Flo and Mike don't know exactly when all their arrangements will finish.
Flo will be home at 11.30 on Saturday morning.
T
We know exactly when Flo will leave football practice.
F
Flo will leave football practice sometime before 11.30 on Saturday morning.
T
Mike will be in a meeting at 9.30 on Saturday morning.
F
Mike’s meeting will finish before 9.30 on Saturday morning.
T
Mike does not say exactly when his meeting will finish.
T
We make positive statements with: subject + will + have + past participle verb + time.
We make negative statements with: subject + will + not + have + past participle verb + time.
We make questions with: (question word) + will + subject + have + past participle verb + time.
Introduce specific points of time with
“by”
Introduce periods of time with
“in”
I will have finished my studies (I/finish) in three years.
We won’t have finished (we/not/finish) making dinner by 6.00.
Mike will have gone (Mike/go) home by then.
Will you have finished (you/finish) those reports by 5.00?
What will she have learned (what/she/learn) to do?
F. Can I change the channel? Bake Up is on soon.
M. I’m watching this programme at the moment. Can you watch it on the TV upstairs? F. No, Dad’s watching
football at the moment and it won’t have finished (it/not/finish) in time. Bake Up starts at 9.30.
M. Oh that’s OK, it’s only 9.15 now. This will have finished in (this/finish) 10 minutes.
F. Cool, thanks.
M. I’ll come over after work and help you get ready for the party if you like.
F. That might be a bit late. We will have done (we/do) everything by then.
M. Everything? Will you have picked (you/pick) up the cake?

F. Oh no! I forgot about that. Would you mind picking it up from the cake shop?
M. No worries, leave that with me.
Future Continuous
Frank is in Australia.
Marco wants to call his brother on his birthday, later this week.
It was difficult to arrange a suitable time to make the call.
Marco needed to consider what Frank would be doing at specific times in the
Future
Frank’s birthday celebrations will (probably) be in progress at 4.00 on Saturday morning.
T
Frank’s birthday celebrations will have started before 4.00 on Saturday morning.
T
Frank won’t feel good at 7.00 on Saturday morning.
T
Frank will start feeling bad at exactly 7.00 on Saturday morning
F
Frank celebrated his 21st birthday the previous week.
F
Marco and Flo speak in a very formal way.
F
Examples: (a) He’ll probably still be celebrating at 11:00 at night! • (b) Frank probably won’t be feeling great at
noon. • (c) Will he be working at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: We make positive statements with:
subject + will + be + verb (-ing form).
noon. • (c) Will he be working at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: We make negative statements with:
subject + will + not + be + verb (-ing form).
noon. • (c) Will he be working at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: We make questions with: (WH-
question word) + will + subject + be + verb (-ing form).
noon. • (c) Will he be working at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: When writing informally or speaking, we
can contract subject pronouns and "will".
noon. • (c) Will he be working at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: “Won’t” is the contracted form of "will"
and "not".
noon. • (c) Will he be working at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: We usually mention a future time when
using future continuous to talk about future events.
What will you be doing (what/you/do) at 5.00 tomorrow?

I’ll be waiting (I/waiting) for the bus back home then.
I won’t be working (I/not/work) then, I finish at 4.30.
Where will you be staying (where/you/stay) next weekend?
They probably won’t be working (they/probably/not/work) late tonight.
F. Hi Mum, I’m really sorry I can’t talk now.
D. No problem dear, I could call you tomorrow at 3.30. What will you be doing (what/you/do) then?
Would that be convenient?
F. Ah, I’ll be collecting (I/collect) the kids from school then. Are you free a bit later, like after 3.00?
D. Hmmm, It’s Tuesday so Joyce is coming over at about 4. We’ll probably be chatting
(we/probably/chat) in the garden and drinking tea for a couple of hours. I could call you at about 6. How’s that?
F. Perfect!
D. Have you got any time free to come over this weekend?
F. Um, yeah, I will, actually. I won’t be taking (I/not/take) the kids to football on Saturday morning – my
friend Anna said she’d do it, so I could come over then?
D. That sounds good – not too early though, I'll be enjoying (I/enjoy) a lie-in until at least 9.00. It’s been a
crazy week!
F. No worries, same here – that’s why I’m getting Anna to take the kids this week. Anyway, I’d better call Dad
now, see you Saturday!
D. Yes, see you then. I think your Dad will be driving (Dad/driving) at the moment, so maybe call him a bit
later.
TALLER 2
Ejercicio 1
The Liberal Party (P...) wants to reform (r...) the law on financial transactions.
The Liberal Party wants people to pay tax (t...) on these financial transactions, which will enrich the State.
The money collected by the State could be invested (i...) in areas such as sustainable (s...) development.
Labour legislation (l...) also needs to be reformed so that all workers enjoy the same rights.
Ejercicio 3
Put the words in the right order.
With this measure we will kill two birds with one stone.
The voters thought this show deserved public aid.
The Government must strengthen social rights.
Our country must become an economic locomotive for all Europe.
It is necessary to level out the mixed classes.
With this measure we will kill two birds with one stone.
The voters thought this show deserved public aid.
Ejercicio 4
Complete the sentences with an adjective.
A fixed-term part-time job is a precarious job.
Changing the bed linen daily is an indecent luxury.
His remarks were not respectful to his family.
Despite the attacks directed at him, he maintained a very dignified attitude.
She doesn't think that doing house chores is a degrading job, on the contrary, it requires entire know-how.
Ejercicio 5
Audios
Listen to the text then fill in the sentences.
This measure is intended to aid people working in the agricultural sector.
The measure would provide financial aid to farmers who must invest significant amounts of money in their
farms.
The sector's competitiveness should thus be strengthened
The distribution of agricultural products should be done while respecting the imposed prices.
Thanks to this measure, the farmers will be remunerated in a decent manner.
TEST
The next government will have to reform the agricultural policy.
She encouraged her parents to renovate the house.
They invest in better performing equipment.
This politician remained dignified in all circumstances, even when criticism was more than harsh.
The coach wanted to strengthen his team by hiring three foreign players.
By changing work, he killed two birds with one stone: he got rid of a tyrannical boss and earned a better
wage.
After the war, the European countries were slow to regain prosperity.
This law has been passed by the Chamber, with 125 against 32 votes.
Our company is no longer competitive, as other companies abroad manage to manufacture the same products
at a much lower cost.
He didn't pay taxes for ten years, the tax authorities now claim considerable amounts from him.
She saved for fifteen years to be able to buy her apartment.
The current government is composed of representatives from three political parties
During the last term of office, the government set up a State reform.
The management had to take disciplinary measures against the culprits.
We have set up a rotating system so that the tasks are distributed fairly among all.
His money allowed him to quickly wipe out all the problems.
She was in a precarious situation: she had no job and she had to repay many debts.
For this type of problem, you should speak directly to the management.
In spite of her handicap, she lived in a completely autonomous manner.
He could materialise his project thanks to receiving substantial public aid.
Sustainable development is a major issue in today's world.

Every nation has a stake in dealing with climate change. It affects everyone.
He promised to give us a helping hand, we count on him.
Money for development aid was allocated within the budgetary envelope.
They wore indecent outfits that shocked more than one person
The country adopted new legislation on public procurement.
The education reform aims at leveling social discrepancies among students.

A competitor won many public contracts.
The government must be committed to protecting social rights.
His behaviour towards his professors was not respectful: he was expelled.
The way the customer talked to the waiter was very degrading.
They are considering moving abroad.
The French elect a new president every five years.
He managed a ready-to-wear female fashion store.

Ejercicio 2
Audio
Listen to each question and then choose the right answer.
boring
they should be trusted to make the right decision
everybody should be interested in politics
the low turn-outs in some elections
you have to get involved in it
you should let them know
Ejercicio 3
Type the missing words. The first letter is given.
Raj finds politics quite boring
Why did you vote for him if you did not think he was trustworthy?
He doesn't have enough knowledge to really make decisions.
Susan is unable to vote anywhere as she is an expatriate.
She hates the squabbling that goes on in political parties.
Politics is important as it concerns everybody.

EJERCCIO 4
Type the most relevant word. The first letter is given
A synonym for "dependable" -> trustworthy.
People who have the right to vote -> the electorate
A synonym for "to quarrel" -> to squabble

Something that worries you or is important to you is called a -> concern
To agree with, or to provide money to someone so they can pay their bills -> to support
A synonym for a problem -> issue

EJERCCIO 5
Type the missing words. The first letter is given.
Susan is annoyed because of the low turn-out at elections.
In some countries, voting is compulsory.
Michael takes an interest in what politicians decide to do.

As the saying goes, "you get the government you deserve."
His business trip was cancelled, this enabled (= make something possible) him to go and vote for the presidential
elections.
Democrats are left-wing, therefore, they are more interested in social policies.
PARTE 3
Ejercicio 1
Audio.
Listen to Nadia and Jack's conversation. Answer the questions.
Nadia and Jack are
in Nadia's new flat.

Jack is helping Nadia by
moving some of her things.

Nadia and Jack talk about
people, places and objects.
Ejercicio 2
Audio
Listen to Nadia and Jack's conversation again and complete the sentences.
Sam
cuts Jack's hair.

Nadia and Jack use the following words to talk about people (Sam): who and that
Nadia usually gets her hair cut
in a salon.
Nadia uses the following word to talk about a place (her usual hairdressing salon):
Where
What objects were on the table?
books and a picture

Nadia uses the following words to talk about objects (photo and books): which that
Nadia and Jack
talk about actions and situations in different points in time.
Ejercicio 4
Read the sentences and decide if the relative pronouns are obligatory or not.
The chair that I bought last week is broken. (relative pronoun refers to the object of the verb)
Not obligatory
The woman who spoke Japanese at the conference is my cousin. (relative pronoun refers to the subject)
Obligatory
The person who is interested in buying the house will phone back later. (relative pronoun followed by "be" +
adjective phrase)
Not obligatory
The car which is in front of the pharmacy is my sister's. (relative pronoun followed by a prepositional phrase)
Not obligatory
Ejercicio 5
Complete each sentence with ONE word, or use "#" for no pronoun. Good luck!
I'm going to get a chair that we can put in the bedroom.
That's the man who lives next door.
Let's go to a shop where we can get everything we need for the kitchen.
You can take anything that you want. I don't need it anymore.
The man who phoned will call back later.
The woman who is interested in buying your old car will call back later.
Be careful! The water # coming out of the tap is really hot!
No, that's someone whose house I wouldn't buy. He's always complaining about it!
Ejercicio 7
Complete the following sentences by typing the missing relative pronouns. Use "#" for no pronoun.
J. I need a new camera too, but must sell my old one first. N. Have you used ebuy.com? That's the website
which I use to sell all my old stuff.
J. No, I haven’t. Would that be a good place to get a new one too? N. Maybe, things are quite cheap. But it's a
good idea to both see and try the camera first. J. Like where? N. There’s a photography shop which is on the
high street. The staff in there are really helpful.
J. Ah, Snappy Shots? I know it. It’s the place that's next door to the bookshop… I think I remember it from
the time when we got Anna’s birthday present. Right?
N. That’s it! Can you remember that nice old man who worked there?
J. The one who took an hour to find the book?
N. Yes! Now I remember. The book that was on the counter in front of him when we arrived! J. I hope the
staff in Snappy Shots are a bit quicker than him. N. Don’t worry. I don’t think anyone could possibly be as
slow! J. Yeah, right. Anyway, thanks for the advice Nadia, but I should be helping you get your flat organised!
N. Thanks Jack, yeah. Let’s do it, or we’ll never finish!
Parte 4
Ejercicio 1
Audio
Listen to Louise and Max's conversation then complete the sentences.
Louise and Max are
students.
Max is writing
an academic assignment.
Max can improve his writing by
connecting his ideas better.
Ejercicio 2
Listen to Max and Louise’s conversation again and complete the following sentences about connectives.
Words and phrases like, “in order to”, “due to” and “therefore” are used to express the reason for something
happening, or its result.
Words and phrases like, “despite” and “although” are used to connect two ideas or bits of information that do
not agree.
Words and phrases like, “moreover”, “furthermore” and “in addition” are used to add extra pieces of
information that support the current argument.
Some of these connectives are quite formal and frequently used in academic writing, but not when
speaking.
Ejercicio 4
Refer to the example sentences and complete the grammar rules:
I need to improve my writing in order to get a really good grade. • Grammar rule: After the connective "in order
to", we see a/an
infinitive verb.
Despite the government efforts to reduce pollution, in many countries it is increasing. • Grammar rule: After the
connective "despite", we see a/an
noun/ -ing form.

Pollution is increasing due to rising populations, in addition to greater use of plastics in food packaging. •
Grammar rule: After the connective "in addition to", we see a/an
noun / -ing form.

Grammar rule: After the connective "due to", we see a/an
noun / -ing form.

We should drive more fuel-efficient cars and recycle; moreover,/ furthermore, governments need to stop
businesses from polluting the environment. • Grammar rule: After the connectives "moreover" and
"furthermore" we see a
comma ","
Connectives introduce subordinate clauses. These are sometimes at the start of sentences, before the main
clause.
That makes sense, although it does sound very formal. • Grammar rule: After the connective "although", we see
a/a
clause.
Ejercicio 5
Complete the following sentences by typing the missing word(s).
I’m going home early tonight in order to get my assignment done on time.
Although it’s October, it’s still really warm.

Despite working really hard, Max had to resit his exam.
More students are having to take extra jobs due to the increased cost of living.
It is essential that universities recruit staff from diverse backgrounds. Moreover, students from low-income
families should also be encouraged to apply.
Ejercicio 7
Although Louise is one of the best students in her class, she only got 56% in her last exam.
In order to do better next time, she organised a study group with some other students.
Unfortunately, only half of them came despite having the day off.
Ejercicio 8
Complete the sentences by typing the missing words.
We have seen the disappearance of over 100,000 species of animals in the last 100 years. Moreover, the Earth
is warming at a rate that could result in the destruction of up to 76% of life in the next 100 years. This is due
to a variety of factors including industry and human food production in addition to fuel for transportation and
heating.
TALLER 3
Discussing Social Demands
Fill in the sentences with the expressions below.
to get to the heart of the matter - to refer to - to provide for - to turn a deaf ear to - to work part-time
He is working part-time, that's why he is at home two days per week.

When I propose that she accompanies me, she turns a deaf ear.
His speech was very long, we had to wait one hour before he got to the heart of the matter.
When they spoke of the future they referred to the reform.

She is the only one providing for her family.

Watching a News Report on TV
VIDEO
Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to our news flash: the essence of news in a flash!
Today, we begin our news flash with the sports section. They made the headlines of
every newspaper in the country this morning: the national football team won the World Cup!
We're joined now by Jean-Jacques Torps, our special correspondent on site.
Hello, yes, it is impossible not to know it already: our national team won the World Cup final with
a 2-1 against the winner of the previous World Cup.
After the game, our fans partied until dawn. They will now return to the country, just like the
players that are expected this evening. They should come greet the crowd in Grand Place towards
ten o'clock in the evening.
Thank you Jean-Jacques, of course we will follow the events live throughout the evening.
Politics: the Parliament granted its vote of confidence to the Government this morning. A large
majority of deputies voted in favour of maintaining the Government.
Economics: it seems that the crisis is now behind us. Inflation reached an acceptable level and
economic recovery has been confirmed in a report published yesterday by a group of academic
experts.
International: last night an agreement between China and Japan was reached on territorial issues
which had undermined the diplomatic relations between the two countries for several decades.
At three o'clock this afternoon, you can learn more about the history of this conflict by watching
the story as presented by a team of journalists from our channel. It was recorded well before this
happy outcome, at a time when there seemed to be no way out of the conflict.
In other news: an unusual number of burglary complaints were recorded over the two last
weeks in the northern part of the country. Indeed, burglaries have proliferated and people live in
fear of being robbed during their sleep.
The police are, of course, looking for the perpetrators of these thefts, but for the moment it is not
yet known whether it's the same suspect, or if several teams of burglars were at work. Any
witnesses that can help the police find the culprits are welcome to come forward, and any
testimonies can be made via the hotline set up by the police. That number is 0800 00 70 07.
Culture: An exceptional art exhibition by the Spanish painter Diego Vélasquez opened this morning
at the Museum of Fine Arts.
This is the first exhibition dedicated to the genius of baroque painting in our country. So don't miss
it. The exhibition will be open until the end of the summer.
Weather: Storms are expected to hit the country tonight. The entire territory is under orange code
alert, as winds of up to 100 km/h are expected. But starting tomorrow, the sun should be back.
EJERCICIO 3
Link the text to the image .
the section
to make the headlines
the daily newspaper
the special correspondent
The televised news

EJERCICIO 4

The fall of the Government made all the headlines.
The refusal of the Socialists undermined the negotiations.
I would like to work more on this project.
The absent colleagues did not see the outcome of the story.
The rain disappeared in an instant.
EJERCICIO 5
Listen to the sentences and fill in the blanks

winner
Complaint
Storm
Channel
testimonies
EJERCICIO 6
Find the odd one out.
complaint - theft – burglary
special envoy - journalist – diplomat
storm - sun – wind
burglar - witness – convicted
exhibition - museum - painter
section - segment - channel
TEST
I went to see our baker at work; it was very interesting.
There were three burglaries in the neighbourhood tonight.
Hundreds of police officers were present for maintaining the order.
Certain species of birds are very territorial, they protect their territory.
Inflation has reached its highest level since the beginning of the crisis.
He filed a complaint against his boss for harassment.
I read the newspaper daily, but I never read the sports section
I saw a very interesting segment about the work of firemen in large cities.
This weekend, we joined our friends who were on holiday at the
Forty deputies voted against the bill.
This piece of news undermined my good spirits.
The crowd pressed against the store doors hoping to buy the last book of the trilogy.
There is no way out of this crisis.
I buy a daily newspaper every morning, but not always the same one.
The special correspondent of the public channel had to be repatriated due to political instability in this
area.
The winner donated the money he had won to a charitable organisation.
She has been the victim of a sad event, presented in other news
The names of the culprits are not yet known.
We need more money to carry out this project.
I watch all events of the Olympic Games on the sports channel.
The new king made the headlines this morning across the country.
During the last decade, the city has been completely transformed.
The plot's outcome was rather unexpected.
The storm last night caused a lot of damage throughout the region.
It is the testimony of a passer-by which made it possible to convict the culprit.
He repaired our television in a flash.
The game is broadcast live on a giant screen.

The supermarket thefts are declining.
EJERCICIO 1
Reporting Verbs and Reported Questions
 Flo is Madeleine's boss.

 Madeleine likes talking to Jack.
 Madeleine and Flo discuss work.
EJERCICIO 2
1. Madeleine uses words like “inquired” and “asked" when describing the questions that Flo had asked.
2. Madeleine uses words like “suggested” and “recommended” when describing the advice that had
been given.
3. Madeleine uses words like “claimed” and “admitted” when describing what had been said about facts
and responsibility.
4. Madeleine explains to her friend what happened at work, and reports her manager's words using
certain reporting verbs.
5. When describing what has previously been said, Madeleine makes use of reported speech.
EJERCICIO 4
COMPLETE THE GRAMMAR RULES.
1. When reporting questions, use a reporting verb like “ask” or “inquire”.
2. Some reporting verbs always need an object (for example, “me”), others never do, and others can, but
don’t have to.
3. When reporting a closed “yes”/”no” question, we use “if” “or "whether".
4. When reporting a closed “yes”/”no” question, do not use "do" as an auxiliary verb.
5. When reporting questions that originally had a WH- question word, include the WH- question word.
6. The subject and verb in reported questions are in the same order as positive statements.
7. We don't use a question mark at the end of reported questions.
EJERCICIO 5
1. Nadia asked me if I had to work late.
2. Anna inquired whether a meeting room was available at 3.00.
3. Max asked me where the printer is.
4. Madeleine claimed that she had had a shower that morning.
5. Tyrone suggested that they find a new marketing agency.
EJERCICIO 8
1. N. Why are you still here? J. The boss asked me to wait for a phone call from an important
customer, but they haven’t phoned yet.
2. N. Did she insist that you stay in the office though? Could you forward your desk phone onto your
mobile? J. No, but she warned me I’d be in big trouble if I missed the call, so I think I’ll just wait.
N. That doesn’t sound very fair.
3. J. Have you seen Max? He said he was looking for you, I’m not sure why.
4. N. Yeah, I just saw him. He congratulated me on my new job.
5. J. Oh, that’s kind of him. N. Yes, oh and he invited me to dinner at his house on Friday.
6. J. That’s strange! You’re not going to go, are you? He’s a bit weird, that Max. N. No way! I claimed
that I’m working late on Friday.
PRESENT AND PAST MODALS OF DEDUCTION

EJERCICIO 1
1. Anna and Nadia planned to attend a political event.
2. They did not know where Anna was.
3. Jack unsuccessfully tried to call Anna.
EJERCICIO 2
1. Nadia had to bring Jack some apples. (F)
2. Nadia 100% knew that Jack had seen a protest poster . (F)
3. There are so many protest posters, Nadia found it difficult to believe that Jack had not seen one. (T)
4. Nadia thought it was possible that Anna’s phone had ran out of battery. (T)
5. Jack knew Anna had recently charged her phone and thought it very unlikely that she had run out of
battery. (T)
EJERCICIO 4
1. Examples: (a) You needn’t have, but that’s really kind. Thanks. (b) You must have heard about the
protest. There are posters absolutely everywhere. (c) She might have run out of battery. (d) No, she can’t
have (run out of battery – she charged it recently). (e) I can hear someone outside, that could be Anna.
(f) It must be Anna, her car’s just appeared outside.
· Grammar rule: we make positive statements about present situations with: subject + modal verb +
be.
· Grammar rule: we make negative statements about present situations with: subject + modal verb +
not + be.
· Grammar rule: we make positive statements about past situations with: subject + modal verb + have
+ past participle verb.
· Grammar rule: we make negative statements about past situations with: subject + modal verb + not
+ have + past participle verb.
· Grammar rule: we use "subject + needn’t + have + past participle" to say that something was not
necessary.
EJERCICIO 05
1. Is that Jack? - No, it couldn’t be him (could/not/him - present), he’s in Greece this week.
2. I can’t have left (can/not/left – past) it in the bank – I had it in the taxi on the way home.
3. The cat must have come (must/come – past) in through the window. I feel sure of it.
4. That must be Nadia (must/Nadia – present), she said she’d come over on her way home from work.
I’m not expecting anyone else.
5. The heating might be (might/be – present) broken, or perhaps someone turned it off? I’m not sure, but
it’s really cold!
6. They might have missed (might/miss - past) their flight, they should have been here hours ago.
7. Flowers? you needn't have (you/not/need - past)! But thank you, they’re beautiful.
EJERCICIO 7
1. J. Mike worked all last night; he must be (he/be) really tired now.
2. A. Yeah, but he went home after work, so he might have got (he/get) a couple of hours of sleep.
3. J. That’s true, but still, he can’t be (he/not) feeling very energetic right now. A. Hmm, OK, well, let’s
play tennis, and then give him a call later. J. Good thinking.
4. A child went ice-skating on a frozen lake. Sadly, the ice cracked and the child fell into the freezing
water. He can't have seen (not see) the signe saying "Danger - thin ice!".
5. When we arrived at the restaurant we were told it was fully booked. The restaurant manager told us we
should have made (make) a reservation.
6. Julie didn't phone me as arranged. I think she might have run (run) out of battery power.
EJERCICIO 08
A. How was the protest yesterday? Did you go?
M. Yeah, I went with Nadia and Anna, it was really big. I’m sure there must have been (be) at least
10,000 people there.
A. Wow, that’s good. And was it pretty peaceful?
M. Well, it felt very relaxed – but there were so many people, there might have been trouble that I didn’t
see.
PERFECT FORMS
EJERCICIO 01
1. Asia Brown is a news presenter.

2. Most of the stories are about the environment and pollution.
3. The stories describe situations in the past, present and future.
4. Estimates suggest that sea levels will have risen by more than 1 metre by the end of the century.
5. The princess of Suffolk, who is currently pregnant, had cancelled a public appearance the day before
she announced her pregnancy.
EJERCICIO 02
1. In the first segment of the news bulletin, the newsreader reports a prediction about higher sea levels by
the end of the current century. To do this, the newsreader uses the future perfect.
2. The newsreader also reports that the Princess of Suffolk had cancelled a public appearance before her
pregnancy was announced to the public. To report an event that happened before another past event, the
newsreader uses the past perfect.
3. In the final news items, the newsreader reports that some health charities campaigned for new traffic
pollution rules to be introduced. However, the resulting new “toxicity charge” has been described
as one of the toughest in the world. The newsreader reports on this reaction to the toxicity charge by
using the present perfect.
4. All of these examples from the news bulletin describe events, actions or situations that are connected to
other events, actions or situations.
EJERCICIO 4
1. Examples: (a) Sea levels will have risen by over a metre by the end of the century. (future perfect
simple) (b) Some health charities have campaigned for the change. (present perfect simple) (c) The
Princess had cancelled a public appearance the previous day. (past perfect simple) (d) Will you have
completed all your exams before I arrive for my holiday with you? (future perfect)
· Grammar rule: we make the past perfect with: subject + had + past participle.
· Grammar rule: we make the present perfect with: subject + has/have + past participle.
· Grammar rule: we make the future perfect with: subject + will have + past participle.
· Grammar rule: the subject comes after the auxiliary verb in questions.
EJERCICIO 5
I have just finished watching the news. (I/just/finish: present perfect simple)
…and then I was introduced to Obama! I'd always wanted to meet him. (I/always/want: past perfect
simple)
Why had you wanted to meet him? (why/you/want/?: past perfect simple)
I will have worked here for 3 years in December. (I/work: future perfect simple)
Where have you been? (where/you/be/?: present perfect simple)
When your next contract finishes, how long will you have been here? (how long/you/be/?: future perfect
simple)
EJERCICIO 7
1. A. What have you been doing? Have you seen the news? M. I’ve only just finished work so I haven’t had a
chance to see it. What’s up? A. Someone has won the big prize on the lottery! The winning ticket was sold
at our local shop!
2. M. Oh wow, I haven’t checked my numbers yet. Have they already announced the winner?
3. A. No! They announced the winning number 20 minutes ago, but the winner still hasn’t got in touch!
EJERCICIO 8
1. A. Can you call Nadia when she gets home? She’s working late tonight, but she will have got back by
7.30.
2. M. Hmmm, I’ve arranged to watch the football with Madeleine. That’s when it starts. A. Well, phone
her a bit sooner then. She’ll be home by 7.30 at the latest, but will probably be there sooner. M. Oh yeah,
will do.
TALLER 4
EJERCICIO 1
VIDEO
In recent years, the sale of newspapers in printed format is steadily declining. It is a known fact,
but does this mean that printed media is struggling?
Paper newspapers lose on average 5% of their readers each year, but this loss is largely in favour
of the electronic versions of the same newspapers.
Indeed, all daily newspapers offer a paid digital version, which can be downloaded directly onto a
personal computer, a tablet or even a smartphone.
These digital versions are half-way between the paper version and the free newspaper pages found
on the Internet.
They have the advantages of the digital versions, but also those of the printed versions since they
show the full articles and, often, they even offer an additional edition during the day.
This is therefore a new form of printed media, which does not compete with the first one,
since it is in the same hands.
In addition, it is unlikely that the usual readers of newspapers would completely abandon
them (in either paper or digital version) in favour of a free online edition, knowing that the
quality is poorer and the content is less complete.
On the other hand, what is more worrying for the future of the press, is
the wave of restructuring experienced by various publishing groups in recent years.
We want fewer journalists in order to save money. Media groups want to use the same
journalists and therefore the same articles in the various titles that they own.
So why keep so many different titles, if their contents are the same? This has caused the
disappearance of a great number of newspapers.
Furthermore, the risk of seeing major media groups replacing their journalists with
amateurs is real.
We already know of the case of photographs taken by lucky passers-by with their mobile
phones being sold for several thousand euros to newspapers. Aren't we soon going to
copy articles from the blogs of completely unknown authors?
Today, information passes through blogs and social networks. Evidence of this are
announcements of the highest importance made by political leaders via their personal
accounts on social networks.
The Internet is where information actually flows, but is it really analysed with
the required neutrality?
The answer is no, the Internet can spread information such as lies and it is a fabulous tool
for mass manipulation. Something that, in principle, the independent press isn't!
EXERCICE 2
Link the text to the image
THE TABLET
THE NEWSPAPER
THE TITLE
THE ARTICLE
THE SOCIAL NETWORK
EXERCICE 3
Listen to "The Future of Printed Media" and complete the phrases below.
Printed newspaper sales have decreased

Online newspaper sales have increased
The digital version of the newspapers generally contains more articles than the paper version.
The digital version of the newspapers is not an issue for the media groups.
A large number of newspaper readers are giving up the paper in favour of the paid digital version
The free online version is generally of inferior quality to the paid digital version
EJERCICIO 4
midway - in favour of - online - besides -
This show is midway between theatre and opera.
She didn't reimburse me for the ticket price. besides, she already owed me money.
It's an association that raises money in favour of cancer research.
He advertised online, which allowed him to have new clients.
EJERCICIO 5
Fill in the sentences with the appropriate terms.
We have found the proof that he is guilty.

They downloaded this text online.
Does she fulfil the required conditions?
She was approached by a stranger

Stop telling lies
Certain insects spread serious diseases.

EXERCICE 6
VOCABULARY / SOLO DEBEN ESCUCHAR LOS AUDIOS (NO SE REALIZA ACTICVIDAD)
He would even follow the advice of an amateur.
He downloaded this document from the website of the Ministry for the Economy.
In this town rumour spreads so quickly that it's hard to keep up with it.
They collect money in favour of the people affected by the tsunami.

He suffers from a worrying wound.
The age required to get a driver's licence is 18.
She is a master of manipulation. She manipulates her friends to ensure that they do what she wants.
She read an article on the use of foreign languages in companies across the country.
He arrived late. In addition, he had forgotten his work papers.

He fell off the roof and crashed to the ground in agony.
The closure of the plant is known, 150 employees are expected to lose their jobs.
From his garden, one can enjoy a fabulous view.
We have the evidence that he lied.
According to her boss, this young woman has a future in cinema.
The school ordered thirty tablets to be used in the history classes.
This colour is midway between blue and green.
In order to compete with other countries, we must reduce the cost of labour.
The passers-by stopped to admire the window display of the pastry chef.
This novel has been the subject of a new edition.
This company will conduct a restructuring of all its plants.
Our company experienced a wave of resignations last year.
She reads the online newspaper daily.
Nowadays young people communicate with each other on social networks.

His turnover has been steady for several years.
Stop telling lies, I don't believe you anymore!
He is a young man who is very brilliant in his studies. Furthermore, he shows great capacity for tennis.
We await a net decline in unemployment for the next year.
She has abandoned sport lately.
He watched the full eight seasons of his favourite series.
EJERCICIO 7
Pronunciación del vocabulario
EJERCICIO 8
TEST
 He would even follow the advice of an amateur.
 He suffers from a worrying wound.
 He downloaded this document from the website of the Ministry for the Economy.
 She reads the online newspaper daily.
 We have the evidence that he lied.
 The closure of the plant is known, 150 employees are expected to lose their jobs.
 He watched the full eight seasons of his favourite series.
 This novel has been the subject of a new edition.
 They collect money in favour of the people affected by the tsunami.
 In this town rumour spreads so quickly that it's hard to keep up with it.
 She read an article on the use of foreign languages in companies across the country.
 He arrived late. In addition, he had forgotten his work papers.
 The school ordered thirty tablets to be used in the history classes.
 We await a net decline in unemployment for the next year.
 According to her boss, this young woman has a future in cinema.
 His turnover has been steady for several years.
 The passers-by stopped to admire the window display of the pastry chef.
 She is a master of manipulation. She manipulates her friends to ensure that they do what she wants.
 Stop telling lies, I don't believe you anymore!
 This colour is midway between blue and green.
 From his garden, one can enjoy a fabulous view.
 In order to compete with other countries, we must reduce the cost of labour.
 Our company experienced a wave of resignations last year.
 Nowadays young people communicate with each other on social networks.
 The age required to get a driver's licence is 18.
 He is a young man who is very brilliant in his studies. Furthermore, he shows great capacity for tennis.
 This company will conduct a restructuring of all its plants.
 He fell off the roof and crashed to the ground in agony.
EJERCICIO 1
Select the right answer.
Listen to Jack and Madeleine’s conversation and complete the sentences.
Flo is Madeleine's boss.
Madeleine likes talking to Jack.
Madeleine and Flo discuss work.
EJERCICIO 2
Listen to Jack and Madeleine’s conversation and complete the sentences.
 Madeleine uses words “inquired” and “asked" when describing the questions that Flo had asked.
 Madeleine uses words like “suggested” and “recommended” when describing the advice that had been
given.
 Madeleine uses words like “claimed” and “admitted” when describing what had been said about facts
and responsibility.
 Madeleine explains to her friend what happened at work, and reports her manager's words using
certain reporting verbs.
 When describing what has previously been said, Madeleine makes use of reported speech.
EXERCICE 4
Complete the grammar rules.
 When reporting questions, use a reporting verb like “ask” or “inquire”.

 Some reporting verbs always need an object (for example, “me”), others never do, and others can, but
don’t have to.
 When reporting a closed “yes”/”no” question, we use “if” “or
"whether".
 When reporting a closed “yes”/”no” question, do not use "do" as an auxiliary verb.
 When reporting questions that originally had a WH- question word, include the WH- question word.
 The subject and verb in reported questions are in the same order as
positive statements.
 We don't use a question mark at the end of reported questions.
EJERCICIO 5
Complete the sentences.
Nadia asked me if I had to work late.
Anna inquired whether a meeting room was available at 3.00.
Max asked me where the printer is.
Madeleine claimed that she had had a shower that morning.
Tyrone suggested that they find a new marketing agency.
EJERCICIO 8
N. Why are you still here?
J. The boss for a phone call from an important customer, but they haven’t phoned yet.
 N. Why are you still here?
J. The boss asked me to wait for a phone call from an important customer, but they haven’t phoned yet.
 N. Did she insist that you stay in the office though? Could you forward your desk phone onto your
mobile? J. No, but she warned me I’d be in big trouble if I missed the call, so I think I’ll just wait.
N. That doesn’t sound very fair.
EJERCICIO 9
 J. Have you seen Max? He said he was looking for you, I’m not sure why. N. Yeah, I just saw him. He
congratulated me on my new job.
 J. Oh, that’s kind of him. N. Yes, oh and he invited me to dinner at his house on Friday.
 J. That’s strange! You’re not going to go, are you? He’s a bit weird, that Max. N. No way! I claimed
that I’m working late on Friday.
TALLER 5
Talking About Cinema
Video
The big screen info.
Welcome, everyone, to our weekly show "The Big Screen Info", entirely dedicated to the cinema industry.
During the next hour we will discuss all the news concerning actors, directors and producers, without
forgetting this week's new releases.
Our guests today are Pascal Nacime, a critic for "Cinema" magazine; Noémie Reccati, a famous actress who
is, this week, on the poster for an excellent action film; and Rodolphe Caron, the screenplay writer for many
films and in particular the film "In Your Skin" which will be released tomorrow in all good cinemas across the
country.
Tonight, we will start by focusing on the film "In Your Skin" of which we are fortunate to welcome a
representative here, on the set. Before turning to Rodolphe Caron, Pascal, what did you think of the film?
I thought it was an excellent film because the love story which is presented is out of the ordinary , it is a
story of love like no one has ever seen.
The screenplay is built in a very intelligent manner, although I must confess, it does not cast a very
large doubt on the outcome of the story.
I adored the actors' performance, though they are two beginners in the profession. But they play with an
accuracy which is rarely seen in this kind of film. And they manage to transmit a whole range of emotions to
the viewers who won't be able to exit the screening anyway but baffled.
Well done then, only praises! Now we'll watch a short excerpt from the film.
Do you think we have a future, you and me?
No, I am sure that we don't.
We are so different, we live in opposed worlds!
I hate everything you love and everything you represent and…
Yes, but…
Yes, but we are rushing straight into the wall!

Very nice excerpt! Rodolphe Caron, how did you come up with the idea of writing such a screenplay? It is clear
that the basic theme is that of an impossible love; Romeo and Juliet are your protagonists at first, but in the
end their story doesn't have much in common with that of Shakespeare's characters.
Yes, it's true, obviously the basic idea is the story of Romeo and Juliet, but I wanted to transpose this story in
our modern society which is of an unprecedented complexity in History.
I wanted to see, or rather to show, how romantic relationships are developing today. And my friend Robert
Estbois who directed the film, wonderfully staged the emotions that I wanted to transmit though this text.
Ejercicio 1
actor - director - presenter - producer

presenter
projection - room - profession – cinema
profession
screenplay - cinema - big screen - seventh art
screenplay
critique - excerpt - praise – opinión
excerpt
devastate - shock - move – confess
confess
stage - direct – produce
produce
Ejercicio 2
Put the sentences in the right order.
We wrote the screenplay.
The director pictured the scenes.
The actors performed.
The producer launched the film's promotion.
Ejercicio 3
He drove very fast and crashed into a tree.
The idea to write this story came to me while sleeping.
What are the film releases of the week?
It is an out of the ordinary French restaurant.
They devoted a special show to a dead actor.
Ejercicio 4
Fill in the sentences with the appropriate term.
Roméo and Juliette are the protagonists from a play by Shakespeare.

We will focus on this question during our next meeting.
This shop has a whole range of bio products.
His name doesn't appear on the film's poster.
The teacher read an excerpt from a novel by Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt.
He must confess that he has lied.
Test
When he read the screenplay, the actor immediately wanted to act in the film.
Every day, I listen to a show on the radio, devoted to politics.
She had been baffled by the news.
The opinion of literary critics rarely achieves unanimity.
She is happy to meet some of her fans after she finishes a concert.
The complexity of this text is so great that nobody can help me.
He follows weekly cooking courses.
The screening of the film was stopped by a power failure.
I read an excerpt from this novel that I enjoyed a lot.
He likes to follow the news.
Posters of the latest film by Tarantino are seen everywhere.

The news is unprecedented, nobody is yet aware of it.
He confessed that he had lied.
He had a doubt, he was no longer sure he knew his friend's address.
Tomorrow, we will focus on budgetary aspects.
The director has achieved a lot of success with his previous films.
The protagonist in the film is a seductive man in his forties
Translation consists of transposing a discourse from one language to another.
The teaching profession is one of the most beautiful professions in the world.
Her outfits are always out of the ordinary.
The producer did not want to spend too much money for the promotion of the film.
She staged a play by Molière.
She always manages to get what she wants.
He rushed towards me to congratulate me.
There are some very good books in the latest literary releases.
His boss had praised his work.
The actor is often cast as a clumsy romantic who, in the end, always manages to get the girl.
Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses
EJERCICIO 2
Anna has been
to a demonstration.
Anna saw a politician there.
Mike didn't go to the demonstration.
EJERCICIO 4
Refer to the example sentences and complete the grammar rules.
Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b) They live in a house whose rent has increased 5
times in 4 years. (c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the people (who/that) she met at
the demonstration. (e) Let's move to an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came here
today is not important. Defining relative clauses usually come directly after the noun being defined.
today is not important.
Defining relative clauses are not separated from the rest of the sentence by brackets or commas.
The relative pronoun (who/which/why/there/that) can only define the subject or object of the verb.
today is not important. We do not have to use a relative pronoun, if it is the object of the verb.
today is not important. We do not use personal pronouns or nouns in relative clauses that have a relative
pronoun referring to the same thing.
We can use “that” instead of who, whom or which.
EJERCICIO
Examples: (a) Mike’s mother, who lives in Birmingham, has never voted. (b) My friend Anna, who I used to
work with, has just written a best-selling novel. (c) Suzie Patel, who spoke at the demonstration, is a well-
known politician. (d) We met outside the old library, which had shut years ago. (e) I've just come back from the
city centre, where the main part of the demonstration took place. (f) I just met a politician called Suzie, whose
main interest is making housing more affordable.
Relative pronouns must be included in non-defining relative clauses.
Other pronouns cannot be replaced with "that."
Comma(s) are always to separate the non-defining relative clause from the rest of the sentence.
EJERCICIO
Complete the conversation.
Did you hear that story on the news today about the Paris climate agreement? Maybe. Do you mean the
agreement which the US pulled out of?
Yeah, that’s it. Do you know what's happening with that now? Well I think most of the other countries are
going to continue with it, which is good news. Yeah, I hope so.
EJERCICIO
Complete the conversation.
Have you decided who you’re going to vote for? No. Well I was going to vote for Gary Garage, the leader of
the Union Party. Garage..? Ah, he’s the politician who was arrested for corruption last week, right?
That’s right, he put £2 million of local schools’ money into his person bank account, which shouldn’t be too
surprising.
And that’s the guy - you were going to vote for? Oh dear.
EJERCICIO
Listen to the conversation again and decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
 The demonstration was not advertised on posters.
(F)
 Mike knew everyone at the demonstration. (F)
 Suzie Patel is busy working for the government, trying to save the hospital and improve the housing
situation. (F)
 Suzie Patel has recently left her government job. (T)
 Lots of politicians are famous for trying to save the local hospital. (F)
 Suzie Patel is mainly working on housing problems. (T)
EJERCICIO 3
Dependent Prepositions
 Louise and Max are students.
 Max is feeling a bit worried about his current situation.
 Max and Louise discuss events in the past, present and future.
EJERCICIO
On comes after: “concentrate”, “rely” and “agree”.

For comes after: “apologise”, “apply” and “prepare”.
From comes after: “protect”, “recover” and “suffer”.
In comes after: “believe”, “specialise” and “succeed”.
To comes after: “introduce”, “refer” and “complain”.
With comes after: “deal”, “provide” and “agree”.
EJERCICIO
 Have you started applying for the job yet?
 You should concentrate on your assignment this week - revise for the exam afterwards.
 I’m looking for a course that will allow me to specialise in linguistics.
 You should make sure you protect your computer from viruses.
 Please refer to the bibliography for a list of the books I used to write this paper.
 I’m sorry, but I’m afraid I don’t really agree with that.
EJERCICIO
Add prepositions to complete the sentences.
 Where have you been, at home preparing for the exam?

 I wish I was! No, unfortunately I’ve been in bed recovering from the flu.
 Oh, I’m sorry to hear that, so you haven’t finished your assignment? - Not yet, I’m going to apply
for an extension. I hope I can get some more time!
EJERCICIO
 Oh hi Jack, let me introduce you to Marie. - Hi Marie, great to meet you, what do you do?
 I’m a medical student, I’m currently specialising in neurosurgery. - Nice, that must be fascinating, do
you enjoy it?
 I’m sure I will… I’m still getting used to dealing with patients, which can be a bit stressful.
TALLER 6
EJERCICIO 1
The meal
EJERCICIO 2
You? Sleeping in a tent? You would not withstand it for two days.
The children were very noisy, we were extremely embarrassed
For the holiday, we have planned hiking in the mountains.
Yesterday, we went over to the library.
During the holiday, he takes a nap in the afternoon.
EJERCICIO 3
This summer, we’ll go on holiday to the seaside. We're sure the kids will love it. We have rented an apartment.
We have planned some biking tours in the surrounding area, but we’ll spend the rest of the time at the beach.
And if it rains, we’ll put away the towels and the children can still play in the sand.
Lección
He felt embarrassed when his parents did not answer
During the storm, our tent got wet.
We often rent a car to get around when we go on holiday.
My decision to go on a tour of the world is taking shape; I'm planning my departure for January.
She wore black boots with red trousers.
I bought new bathroom towels.
I love the charm of small medieval towns.
Drinks are included in the price of the menu.
The heating in our house runs on gas
They enjoy long hikes in the mountains.
As soon as the rain stops, we will go out.
The rent for an apartment is much, much cheaper than a hotel room.
It is high time that we left, otherwise we will be late.
They had a party in the open air of their backyard.
I sit in front of a computer all day long. In the evening, I need to exercise.
Our flight arrives in London at 10 o'clock in the evening.
He had made a big mistake by forgetting about an appointment with his biggest client.
His illness made him very tired, he must rest now.
White sand beaches are much nicer than pebble beaches.
She used to take a nap after lunch.
She has delicate skin so doesn't sunbathe much.
Camping is a good way to save money while on holiday.
We never argue, we agree on almost everything.
The film was boring and it seemed never-ending to me.
She knew no one and she seemed very uncomfortable.
This fridge was of very low quality: it didn't last for two years.
The travel agency gave us good advice for our honeymoon.
We made a brief stop at my parents' before returning home.
The child at the next table had a tantrum which disturbed all the other customers.
He began to run when he was thirty-five years old.
He had planned to offer us a drink on the last day of training.
They're the strongest team in the league at the moment. There's no question that they will win this evening's
match.
This weekend we took a walk in the woods.
She doesn't know stress, she remains calm under all circumstances.
Future ('if', 'when' + present tenses)
Ejercicio 1
Brigitte and Tony are making arrangements.
They'll stay near the sea.
Their main concern is the weather.
Ejercicio 2
In the sentence: "I'll come if it's sunny", "I'll come" is the result.
We introduce a condition with the Word if
In a conditional sentence, the result depends on the condition.
Most of the time, we use 'if' & 'when' sentences to talk about the future.
Generally, the tenses we use to talk about the future in 'if' & 'when' sentences are present tenses.
Gramatica
Reminder
After if and when, we generally use the present tenses to talk about the future.
If introduces a condition. The result depends on the condition.
"If you're going camping on Friday night, I can come."
When means "at / after a certain time".
"The campsite floods when it rains."
Important
These kinds of sentences are called conditional sentences. Using present tenses with if and when produces
two types of conditional sentence: 'zero' and 'first' conditionals.
Example
We use the zero conditional to talk about:
- Rules / truths / facts
"Jack doesn’t go out when it rains." (a truth)

"I go crazy if I spend too much time in the office." (a truth)
*Here, we are not talking about the future. Instead, we mean 'always'.
"If you buy two, you get a third one free." (a fact)
"If the electricity fails, do not use the lift." (a rule)
- Give instructions
"When you see the petrol station, turn right ... the campsite is on that road."
"Let me know if you need any help."
Important
Notice that the most common present tense in zero conditional sentences is the present simple.
It is used in both parts of the sentence, the if/when part and the result part.
We use the imperative when giving instructions in these sentences.
Example
We use the first conditional to talk about:
 warnings / threats
"He won't be happy if he gets wet!" (a warning)

"If you disobey your teacher, you'll be in trouble." (a threat)
 offers / suggestions
"If there isn't any food at the campsite, we can go to the pub." (a suggestion)
"If you want a pizza tonight, I'll get one on the way home." (an offer)
 any other future actions that depend on a condition
"If the weather is nice, I'm going to go camping."

"You'll have to sleep in the car if it's raining."
Important
Notice that first conditional sentences are normally made with the word 'if' and not 'when'.
Notice that the most common tenses in the if part of a first conditional sentence are the present
simple and present continuous.
We normally use 'will' to talk about the result part. We can also use modal verbs and going to + verb.
Ejercicio 3
'Zero conditional' sentences are generally formed using the present simple + the present simple.
'First conditional' sentences are generally formed using present simple + will + a verb (base form).
When the 'if' part of the sentence comes first, use a comma after it.
Ejercicio 4
ordenar la oración
When you see her, will you say hello for me?
If he doesn't stop smoking, his health will get worse.
Soup tastes better if you add a bit of salt.
Can you tell me if he calls, please?
They won't be able to return when it gets dark.
Regla de gramática
There are two clauses or 'parts' in a conditional sentence.
Their position is interchangeable.
If the sentence begins with the condition, remember to put a comma after the if / when clause.
A comma is not required if the sentence begins with the result clause.
Example
If you haven’t got a sleeping bag, just bring some blankets.
Just bring some blankets if you haven’t got a sleeping bag.
Reminder
Most of the time, the zero conditional looks like this:
If + subject + verb (present simple), subject + verb (present simple) ...
The first conditional looks like this:
If + subject + verb, subject + will + verb (base form) ...
We can use verbs in the:

- present simple "If I don't see you tonight, I'll see you tomorrow."
- present continuous "If I'm meeting you at 5 p.m., what time will I need to leave home?"
- present perfect "If I have broken the phone, will it be expensive to repair?"
- or, 'going to' + verb "If it's going to rain, I'll stay at home."
We can replace will with:

can or should. "If I'm meeting you at 5 p.m., what time should I leave home?" or "Can we meet on Sunday if
I can't see you tomorrow?"
Ejercicio 5
Brigitte: Tony, if the pub is not open, I will be (I / be) so angry! I am really hungry.
Tony: It will be open. If there are (be) customers, it will be (be) open. I promise. Brigitte: I hope you are right!
Ejercicio 6
Tony: Look. It’s open. I told you! Brigitte: Great. If they have (have) fish and chips on the menu, I will have
(have) that. (*Remember punctuation!*)
Tony: And, if they have steak and chips, I will have (have) that.
Ejercicio 7
Brigitte: If they have (have) a fire, we should sit (sit) next to it. I'm so cold.
Tony: I'm not sure there's a fire. We will find out (find out) when we get (get) there.
TALLER 7
Living Ethically
Cheese should be stored in a cool place.
This week, she sorted her clothes and she gave away the ones she didn't wear anymore.
Fruit should be left to ripen before picking them.
They want to raise chickens to have fresh eggs.
This farmer mainly grows potatoes.
She has adopted ecological behaviour in recent years.
Being a vegetarian consists of not eating meat.
I take the bike to go to work.
He doesn't like to depend on means of public transportation.

Find the synonym (encuentra el sinónimo)
Surplus = excess
Reimburse = replay
Bulky = boss
Provenance = origin
He is a vegetarian; he has not eaten meat in more than ten years.
Certain anarchists wanted to boycott the elections.
A thermostat makes it possible to regulate the desired temperature inside an accommodation.
The purpose of fair trade is to remunerate the producers at a fair price.
This piece of furniture was too bulky to be transported by car.
The birds never let the cherries ripen.
This store's surplus is offered to charity.
There is a sheep farm close to my house.
It is not advisable to store fruit in the refrigerator.
The origin of a wine usually gives an idea of its main features.
Nowadays, it is obligatory to sort one's waste.
The profits of this year compensate for the losses of last year.
He sorted the mail gradually as it arrived.
She takes care of her vegetable garden every day after work.
The children left on a trip to the zoo.
She grows all kinds of vegetables in her garden.
As the product was defective, the store reimbursed the customers.
She sometimes adopts very unpleasant attitudes.
He stopped me in order to ask for information.
The producers of organic products cannot use any pesticide.
organic products cannot use any pesticide.

Shopkeepers often make commercial gestures for their good customers.
She sometimes has aggressive behaviour.

Cleaning products pollute domestic water.
An ecological product is respectful of the environment.
They took out a subscription to a decoration magazine.
The seasonal fruit and vegetables are always less expensive and tastier.
His employer decided to give him a raise.

Listen to Jack and Anna, then complete the sentences.
Jack and Anna are in Jack’s flat.
Jack and Anna are talking about food.
Jack, Anna, Nadia, Louise and Marco are friends.
Jack tells Anna that Marco made the pizza himself. This means that: Marco made the pizza without
any help from other people.
Jack asks Anna: Would you like to pour yourself a drink, Anna?
Marco and Nadia have taught themselves to cook.
Jack suggests that Anna helps herself to a slice of pizza.
Jack emphasises his love of Hawaiian pizzas when he says: I myself love it!
EJERICIO 5
Examples: 1. Why don’t you teach yourself to cook? • 2. They’ve taught themselves, just by watching online
videos and copying them. • 3. Maybe we should try and teach ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I
myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only passed his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar
rule: Singular reflexive/emphatic pronouns (used to talk about individual people or things) end in
“self”
“selves”
“object”
After
end
after
EJERCICIO 7
Complete the following sentences with an emphatic/reflexive pronoun.
I’m going to order myself a taxi.
We exhausted ourselves walking up that big hill.
Would you like to help yourself to coffee?
Matt made that cake all by himself.

Maria’s getting a book on computer programming. She’s going to teach herself to code.
That cat smells awful! I thought they usually cleaned themselves?!
. She just called to say she’s going to be late. She cut She cut herself while cooking for her mum and needed
to go to the doctor.
Oh no, that’s awful. I hope she hasn’t hurt herself too badly.
Yeah, I wondered if I should offer to go with her. I hate going to the Doctor, by myself.
EJERCICIO 9
Type the right answer (escribe la respuesta correcta)
Hey, Nadia! How are you? What have you done to yourself?
Oh, I’m OK thanks, I’ll live! I cut myself, but it’s just my finger. Have you already ordered
yourselves something?
Yeah, we got the XL pepperoni special, but we can’t eat all that by ourselves, we thought maybe you could
help us with it? N. Sounds good!
ADVERBS (TYPE & POSITION)
EJERCICIO 1
Complete the following sentences with an emphatic/reflexive pronoun.
Louise is Max's friend.
Louise and Max are making plans.
They don't talk about Louise's studies.
EJERCICIO 2
Adverbs like “later” or “today” help explain when something happened.
Adverbs like “here” or “nowhere” help explain where something happened.
Adverbs like “really” or “very” help explain the extent to which something happened.
Adverbs like “quickly” or “kindly” help explain the way in which something happened.
Adverbs like “always” or “never” help explain how often something happened.
Adverbs like “unfortunately” or “luckily” summarise whole sentences/situations.

EJERCICIO 4
Examples: Do you want to come and play tennis later? • We could meet here.• He’ll be really
pleased to see Nadia too. • If I collect that quickly from the library. • Yeah, but you’re always
studying.• Unfortunately, I’ve already arranged to meet Marco for pizza.
Grammar rule: Adverbs of time are often positioned either.
before the verb or at the end of the sentence.
Grammar rule: Adverbs of place are often positioned either after the object of the sentence or after
the verb.
Adverbs of degree are often positioned before the word they modify.
Adverbs of manner are often positioned after the direct object of the sentence. If there is no object,
these adverbs are positioned after the verb.
Adverbs of frequency are often positioned before the verb (but after the verb “to be”).
Adverbs of summary are often positioned at the start of a clause.
EJERCICIO 5
Put the elements in the right order
Do you want to watch a film tonight?

Let's go somewhere nice.
I'm really hungry. Let's get something to eat.
Make sure you drive carefully!
We never go shopping anymore.
EJERCICIO 7
Complete the sentences
Luckily, I found your keys in the road.
Jack: Hi Louise, are we still playing tennis this afternoon? Where are you?
Louise: Yes, Jack. But I’ve got to meet Max at the library first. That’s where I am right now.
Louise: He should have been here ten minutes ago. I really hope he’s not much longer.
He isn't usually late. I’m sure he’ll be there soon. Anyway there’s no rush; Nadia’s already here so we can
play together until you get here.
EJERCICIO 8
Max: Hi Louise! Sorry, have you been waiting here long?
Louise: Hmm, no. I definitely don’t remember saying that. Anyway, did you get the book you needed?
Max: Luckily, Marco kindly lent me his copy, so I’ll read that when I get home.
TALLER 8
EJERCICIO 1
Comparing Different Types of Energy
Audio:
I would like to try using more clean energy. I have the means to invest in this field, so I thought that I could
buy a car that runs on bio-fuels. What do you think?
It is a nice idea, but it is not very good for several reasons. The first reason is that the vehicles adapted to this
type of fuel are not yet available on the market.
And then, we can't yet find bio-fuels at the gas station. We may actually never find them, because bio-fuels
are widely criticized. Indeed, they are not that clean, because the agricultural production needed
for making this type of fuel is extremely polluting.
And then if we wanted to replace all the oil with bio-fuels, we should use all the agricultural lands which are
currently used to feed us and that would still not be enough!
So it's better to turn to other solutions. We could perhaps adjust the heating system in our homes?
Yes, that is an excellent idea. But before that, you should start by properly insulating your house, if it's not
done yet.
Then, regarding the heating, you could install a heat pump that will draw heat from the ground in order
to inject it into your home.
And this system can be combined with photovoltaic panels installed on your rooftop. The panels will
power the pump and they will also generate electricity for your lighting and provide power for
your electrical appliances.
Ah, very good! So, I will no longer need to pay bills to an energy supplier ?
You will always have to work with an energy supplier because the electricity produced by your photovoltaic
panels will be sent directly to the grid, but it is probable, indeed, that you will no longer pay that much.
And you can choose to work with a supplier who favours green energies. Some suppliers only
distribute renewable energy like that resulting from hydraulic sources or that generated by wind
turbines.
And a wind turbine ? Does it exist for domestic use?
Yes, it exists, but here you enjoy an extraordinary tranquillity that perhaps shouldn't be disturbed by a wind
turbine. Especially since it may not be used that much if you ever install a heat pump and photovoltaic panels!
Ejercicio 2
EJERCICIO 3
Find the opposite. (Encuentra el opuesto)
Polluting Clean
Invest Save
privilege neglect
domestic industrial
EJERCICIO 4:
We must stop using polluting energy sources and turn towards energy sources that are both renewable and
renewable.
We must use the wind turbines and hydraulic energy sources, which come naturally from the wind and
the rivers.
We must equally take advantage of solar energy by installing photovoltaic panels.
We could thus enjoy a cleaner world.
EJERCICIO 5
Type in the missing word (escribe la palabra que falta)
ground
combined
Bill
Fuel
Rooftop
TEST:
Wind energy is one form of clean energy.
One sees more and more wind turbines throughout the countryside.
They always had a domestic animal.
He had to be injected with a sedative, because he was too agitated.
The price of fuel has increased again.
Bio-fuel is a fuel which does not come from oil.

They have made investments in real estate.
The grounds of this region are very fertile.
Because of the storm, we didn't have any electricity for two hours.
Oil remains one of the most coveted raw materials.

The heat pump is a very ecological heating system.
The storm washed away part of the rooftop of the house.
We only bought economical electric appliances.

Hydraulics were already used in the past by the many water mills in the region.
He favours the shopkeepers from the village for his shopping.
He received a phone bill of more than two hundred euros.

This source provides water to the entire village.
He has just bought a new mobile phone combined with a new contract.
We stopped at a gas station to buy something to eat.
The heating in our house runs on gas.
Cars are less polluting than before.
Nowadays one can insulate one's home at a reasonable cost.
She went to draw water from the river every day.
The road network in our country is extremely dense.
The photovoltaic panels convert energy from sunlight into electricity.

The making of this product took several years.
His salary is not enough for him; he wants to earn even more money.
We have hired an interior designer to conceptualise the lighting in the shop.

Energy suppliers are trying to propose attractive prices to customers.
Renewable energies represent a major challenge for our governments.
We enjoy a beautiful landscape.
EJERCICIO 2
Passive Voice
Nadia has just moved into the flat
Louise thinks the flat looks good.
The appearance of the flat has changed recently.
Nadia and Louise talk about the flat's appearance.
EJERCICIO 3
Nadia says the flat was recently painted (in the past). She can still smell the paint now, in the present.
Nadia does not say who painted the flat.
Some of the furniture was delivered that morning.

Nadia says the owner delivered some of the furniture
The bed will be delivered in the future .

Nadia does not say who will deliver the bed.
The bins are emptied regularly.
Nadia does not say who collects the bins.
EJERCICIO 4
Make positive statements with: subject + be + verb + rest of sentence
Make negative statements with: subject + be + not + verb + rest of sentence
Make questions with: (question word) + be + subject + verb + rest of sentence
We change tense by: using different forms of "be" + "has" / "have" / "being".
We use the past participle form of the main verb.
We can use "by" + person to say who the agent (person doing the action) is.
EJERCICIO 5
The house was painted last week.
The flat is being cleaned at the moment.
The shower was fixed by Sara.
The bathroom has not been cleaned since your mum visited.
Will the painting be finished tonight?
Oh no! My car has been stolen!
EJERCICIO 6
N. Hi Mum! Welcome to my new place. What do you think? L. Oh, I don't know. Has it been cleaned
(it/cleaned - present perfect)? It smells strange.
N. Yes! I've just finished cleaning! I think you can smell the paint. L. Paint? What, are you an artist now? N.
No! It's just been decorated (it/just/decorate - present perfect)!
L. Really? N. All the walls were painted yesterday (painted/yesterday - past simple).
L. By who? You? You've never been good at painting. N. No, all the decorating was done (do - past simple)
by a professional.
L. Oh, OK. N. Anyway, the location is really good. My office is only a 10-minute-walk away. L. That's good.
Anyway, where can I sit down? I'm exhausted after that walk. N. You walked here? You must be really tired,
Mum! Why did you do that? L. The car is being repaired (repaired - present continuous) at the moment.
N. Oh no, what's the problem? L. I'm not sure. N. I hope it is fixed (it/fixed - present simple) soon. You can't
walk everywhere, Mum.
L. I know! But, it's good exercise for me. I just wish you lived closer to home. N. Don't worry, Mum, I'll come
and visit you often. L. Thanks, dear, but that won't be necessary. L. The garage is going to arrange a temporary
car for me. When I get that, I'll be able to visit you every day! N. Is that going to be soon? L. Yes, actually it
will be delivered (it/deliver - future simple) tomorrow morning. N. Oh wow. That's..... good.
EJERCICIO 3
Adjectives (ending '-ed' & '-ing')
EJERCICIO 1
Who is speaking? Jack and Louise
What are they talking about? A recent holiday in Spain
What do they speak about positively? a museum
EJERCICIO 2
The word "amazing" describes Malaga
The phrase "interested in art" describes Anna's feelings.

The word "tired" describes Jack and Anna's feelings
The word "excited" describes Jack's feelings.
The words "disappointing" and "annoying" describe the experience of receiving food that Jack does
not like.
The word "bored" describes Jack's emotions.
The word "confusing" describes the menu.
The word "frightened" describes Jack's emotions.

EJERCICIO 3
Ing
Ed
Ed
Ing
Ing
Ed
Ed
Ing
EJERCICIO 4
/d/
/id/ (extra syllable)
/t/
/t/
/d/
/t/
/d/
EJERCICIO 5
Jack: Sorry Louise, I forgot to ask you about your holiday! How was it? Louise: It was amazing (amaze),
thanks. I just sat on the beach for a week. It was perfect!
Jack: Yeah, you still look really relaxed (relax).
Louise: Thanks. Yeah, I needed it. I was exhausted (exhaust) before I went.
Jack: Why? Are you busy at work? Louise: Yeah, it's so tiring (tire). That was my first holiday in six months!
Jack: Wow! That's not good. You shouldn’t work so much! Louise: I know. So I’m going to Riga for another
holiday next month! I’m really excited (excite) about it.
Jack: Really? I'm surprised (surprise). I thought you preferred beach holidays.
Louise: Sometimes, but I like culture and history too! I hear Riga’s old town is really interesting (interest).
Jack: It is! I went there last year. You won’t be disappointed (disappoint)! Louise: I hope not! Jack: Just
don’t forget to get me a nice gift! Louise: Haha, we'll see.
TALLER 9
TALKING ABOUT URBAN PLANNING
Discussing an Urban Planning Project

EJERCICIO 2
We want to classify this forest as a protected area.
We agree with you in more ways than one.
The nature that surrounds us must be preserved.

They bought a building lot for the construction of their home.
This house has been abandoned for years.
Ejercicio3
 Lay
 Project
 Concentrate
 Enriched
Ejercicio4
We have started an adoption procedure.

The postmen threaten to start a strike.
The negotiations succeeded with an agreement.

She took the challenge that was given to her: running a marathon.
Biodiversity is all of the species of animals and plants found in one area.
TEST
By entering this contest, they have taken on a beautiful challenge.
This cream protects your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
The procedure to make the trade agreement official was launched at the beginning of the year.
My colleague is exceptional in more than one way.

This warehouse was abandoned; we bought and renovated it.
We need to enjoy our holidays in order to rest.
They want to concentrate production to one site.
Some birds hide in bushes to shelter themselves from other predators.
9-
Many bird species are present in our area.
He won't endlessly accept to do the work in your place.
She bought a building lot in order to build her house.
His complaint succeeded in the condemnation of the manufacturer.
Trees surround the property.
Oil has enriched the Gulf countries.
We must encourage people to work until the age of 65.

A general strike is threatening the smooth running of the event.
The festival will take place in a very beautiful setting.
Our neighbours' plantations are encroaching on our land.
We cannot force employees to work overtime.
The panda is a protected species.

The introduction of exotic species into our areas severely affects thebiodiversity.
This building will be destroyed next week.

They authorised the use of a dictionary during the exam.
The demographic pressure is extremely high in large cities.
We asked a real estate agency to find us an apartment.
The urban rules of the city will change in the coming years.
This building was classified as architectural heritage.
The government has launched a public awareness campaign againstthe dangers of drinking and driving.
We want to expand our activities beyond our borders.
2Ecological Consultant
Video Ejercicio2
This conversation takes place during the first stage of anenvironmental project.
According to the ecological consultant the project is possible butjust needs some time.
This ecological project is primarily about developing a green spacein the neighbourhood.
Ejercicio3
The resident meets the consultant to find out what grants exist for ecological projects.
False
The consultant tells the resident that the land cannot be used for a collective kitchen garden.
False
Environmental diagnostics show that there is no risk of contamination on the land.
True
The Land Disposition Agreement allows the land to be occupied for a maximum period of
one year.
False
The consultant tells the resident that the regional government could offer some financial
assistance.
True
Ejercicio5
eacbd
Ejercicio6
1-The city's support will make many things possible.

2- The city is with the collective gardeners. It really supports their project.
3- The city wants to raise awareness of organic gardening.
4- A diagnostic was conducted to determine whether or not the soil was
polluted.
5- You could even receive a grant from the regional government for this project.
6- The city owns the land, and will make it available for this project at no cost.
7- We can promote the project through social media and the local newspaper.
8- Your group can continue to occupy the land indefinitely, as the Land
Disposition Agreement is renewable.
Ejercicio7
As an ecological consultant, your work primarily focuses on
sustainable development.
You are involved with issues concerning
the air, water, energy, habitat or waste.
Your role is to raise the awareness of residents and the general public of
environmental problems.
You promote innovative environmental solutions such as
the development of renewable energy.
TEST
1- Part of the city was built on a landfill site. This caused a lot ofproblems and
made this city stink.
2- There are a number of initiatives designed to address theproblem of
child poverty.
3- The United Nations supports efforts to aid refugees.
4- The residents of the village all gathered together for the annualfestival.
5- When my grandfather moved to California, he bought a plot ofland so he
could build a house.
6- We decided to plant sage, rosemary and tomatoes in the collective kitchen
garden for everyone's benefit.
7- Jason's house is a dump . I don't know how he can live there!
8- This battery is used as a source of power for the alarm clock.
9- We need to raise awareness about global warming.
10- I need to request more time to finish this report.
11- Brazil recently destroyed parts of the rainforest to create a newfootball stadium; this
had a negative environmental impact as it destroyed thousands of oxygen-providing trees.
12- The vehicle manufacturer conducted a survey of car owners.13- Your subscription is
renewable at a special rate.
14- This beach has been ruined by pollution.
15- The orange juice factory created a lot of waste.
16- Flickr allows amateur photographers to publish and sharephotographs at no
cost .
17- This solvent should no longer be used in household cleaningproducts.
18- The contract may be renewed for a fixed duration of five years.
19- 19- The date's problematic because I have a prior engagement.
20- The European Green Capital award recognises cities for theirsustainable
development plans.
21- Upstream Point LLC entered into a Land Disposition Agreement with the City
of Richmond, California to purchaseshoreline property.
22- Parents want great schools for their children, safe neighbourhoods for their families
and good jobs for themselves.
23- The new car factory will generate a lot of jobs in the area.
24- This round will determine which contestants go through to thefinal.
25- The gardens are carefully managed in order to encourage biodiversity.
26- The chemistry teacher uses this hydrocarbon as a minorcomponent in his
laboratory experiments.
27- She has a community garden project near her home where shecan find fresh herbs for
her cooking.
28- Researchers examined the phreatic line in order to properlydesign an adequate
drainage system.
29- Environmental and personal health are the two main benefits oforganic gardening.
30- An MRI and CAT-scan are examples of techniques used indiagnostics.
31- Farmers receive a subsidy for growing certain crops.
32- Henry only has a provisional licence, as he hasn't passed his driving test yet.
33- We occupied the same house for 20 years.
34- Fynbos is a type of vegetation that is found only in the southern part of Africa.
3 Prefixes
Ejercicio1
Anna and Jack are
chatting about work.
Jack is not happy with everything at work.
This is because
of a colleague.
Ejercicio2
That’s good, so you’re not reconsidering your decision?All that interview
preparation takes so long.
Well, he asked me to rewrite a report he'd been working on.
His handwriting’s awful, almost totally
illegible.
Well, she disagreed. She didn’t think it was OK.

He'd totally misunderstood what he was supposed to do.
He's been so
unfriendly.
No Jack, that's
irrelevant.
An informal chat and apology might work.
Ejercicio4
Examples: (a) No, Jack, that’s irrelevant. • (b) His handwriting’s awful, almost totally illegible. •
(c) There’s this guy, Chris, and he’s a bit impolite. • (d) Don’t be so insensitive! • Grammar rule:
We often use "il" before words starting with “l” (for example, “legal”, ”legible”).
We often use "ir" before words starting “r” (for example, “relevant”,
”responsible”).
We often use "im" before words starting “m” and “p” (for example, “polite”, ”migrant”).
We often
use "in" before words starting “c” and “s” (for example, “sensitive”,”complete”).
There
are many exceptions to these rules, for example: “unpack”, “unmarked”, “unlawful”, “unreal”.
Ejercicio5
1- That's totally illegal (legal). You should report it to the police!2- You can’t trust him with
all that money, he’s so
irresponsible (responsible), he’ll spend it all on clothes and holidays.
3- Grow up! You’re so immature (mature) sometimes.4- I can't do it, it's
impossible! (possible)!
5- I can’t read that, it’s totally illegible! (legible)!
6- I couldn’t vote for him, he’s an awful man, totallyimmoral. (moral).
Ejercicio7
L. Sorry Mike, can you re turn (again) Ms Thorn’s call? She’s veryun happy (not) about one of
our adverts.
M. Sure, what’s the problem? L. She says it contains some

in correct (not) details that are quite mis leading (wrong). Shethinks it’s very dis honest (not)
and wants to complain. M. OK,which advert is it?
Ejercicio8
L. She’s complaining about the new advert, you know the one withthe big fluffy bear that
promises a 50% interest rate for new customers. M. What? The legal team said that would need
to be totally re written (again) before being published. They said the original was completely il
legal (not).
L. Yes, but I think she saw the advert when on holiday in Dubai, doesthat make any difference? M.
Dubai? Oh in that case, get someone from the inter national (between) team to give her a call back.
4 Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
Ejercicio1
Jack and Louise are talking about

travelling and food.
They discuss
Louise talks about food

previous travel experiences.
she ate on holiday.

Ejercicio
2
Louise is in Riga now.
False
Louise was previously in Riga.
True
Louise returned from Riga recently.
True
Jack arrived in the flat in the past.
True
Jack is still in the flat now.
True
Louise went to Estonia a long time ago.

True
Ejercicio4
Wesubject + have/has
make positive + verb. with:
statements
We make negative statements with:

subject + have/has + not + verb.
We make questions with:
(WH- question word) +/or "Have" or "Has".

We always use the past participle form of the verb.
We often use contractions (I've, haven't, etc.) when using the present perfect.
We usually position "ever" or "never" before the past participle verb.
We usually position "yet", "for + period" or "since + past time" at the end of the sentence.
Ejercicio5
Have you ever been to Italy? Where have
you been today? Have you emailed
Sangeetha yet?She has not telephoned me.
They haven't been to Berlin yet.
I have lived with Anna for 2 years. I have
known Louise since 2011.
I have never liked horror film.
Ejercicio7
N. Hey Louise! I've not seen you this week. Have you been sick?
L. No, I've just got back from a short holiday in Latvia.
N. Oh wow! L.
Have you ever been?

N. No, I haven't. In fact I've never been to Eastern Europe.
L. You really should, it's so cool. N. Really? What did you do? L. Loads! I
went sightseeing in Riga for the first few days.
N. Yeah L. And then I went to the beach yesterday, before flying back last night.
N. You flew back last night? Ah, that's why you look tired.
L. Yeah, and because I've been here since 7.30 this morning!
N. Oh no! That's really early. L. I know! But I need to prepare for a big presentation
tomorrow and I haven't done anything yet. N. Ah, OK. I'll let you work on that then. Good
luck! L. Thanks Nadia, see you later!
TALLER 10
Expressing Your Opinion on Sustainable Development
1.- Video
2.- EJERCICIO. –
Listen to each question and then choose the right answer.
Teaching people how take their development in their own hands.
Too much rellance on fossil fuels.
Raj
3.- Ejercicio. –
Bananas are the staple food crop in Tanzania.
An IMF critic set up a project to rethink the development policy of the industrialised world.
Many farmers in the 3rd World grow only subsistence crops to meet the needs of their families.
Solar power, windmills and tidal streams all provide alternative energy.
Fossil fuels are also extracted from the vast North Sea oil fields.
Max Havelaar is a good example of a fair trade initiative.
The risk of conflict over access to drinking water is rising.
How to store highly radioactive nuclear power is a major issue in France.
4.- VOCABULARIO
renewable energy
water shortage
staple food
drinking wáter
raw materials
globalisation
obviously
be up to something
provide
highyielding
feed
power
drill Wells
soybeans
second opinión
greenhouse effect
tricky
provide for the needs
fair trade
grass-roots movement
species
on the lines of
staple commodities
meet the needs
sustainable
subsistence crops
nuclear waste management
curb pollution
instruct in
trust
awareness campaign
wind farm
windmill
dependence (on)
livelihood
cash crops
sustain
plot of land
fuel
drought
development policy
windpump
Dependent Prepositions
1.- EJERCICIO
Students
Max is feeling a bit worried about his current situation.
The past, present and future
2. –
On comes after: “concentrate”, “rely” and “agree”.
For comes after: “apologise”, “apply” and “prepare”.
From comes after: “protect”, “recover” and “suffer”.
In comes after: “believe”, “specialise” and “succeed”.
To comes after: “introduce”, “refer” and “complain”.
With comes after: “deal”, “provide” and “agree”.
4. – EJERCICIO
Have you started applying for the job yet?
You should concentrate on your assignment this week - revise for the exam afterwards.
I’m looking for a course that will allow me to specialise in linguistics.

You should make sure you protect your computer from viruses.
Please refer to the bibliography for a list of the books I used to write this paper.
I’m sorry, but I’m afraid I don’t really agree with that.
6. – EJERCICIO
Where have you been, at home preparing for the exam?
I wish I was! No, unfortunately I’ve been in bed recovering from the flu.
Oh, I’m sorry to hear that, so you haven’t finished your assignment? - Not yet, I’m going to apply for an
extension. I hope I can get some more time!
7. – EJERCICIO
Oh hi Jack, let me introduce you to Marie. - Hi Marie, great to meet you, what do you do?
I’m a medical student, I’m currently specialising in neurosurgery. - Nice, that must be fascinating, do you
enjoy it?
I’m sure I will… I’m still getting used to dealing with patients, which can be a bit stressful.
Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns

1.- EJERCICIO
Jack”s flat
Food
Friends
2.- EJERCICIO
Jack tells Anna that Marco made the pizza himself. This means that:
Marco made the pizza without any help from other people
Jack asks Anna: Would you like to pour yourself a drink, Anna?
Marco and Nadia have taught themselves to cook.
Jack suggests that Anna helps herself to a slice of pizza.
Jack emphasises his love of Hawaiian pizzas when he says: I myself love it!
5,. EJERCICIO
Self
Selves
Object after
end after
6.- EJERCICIO
I’m going to order myself a taxi.
We exhausted ourselves walking up that big hill.
Would you like to help yourself to coffee?
Matt made that cake all by himself.
Maria’s getting a book on computer programming. She’s going to teach herself to code.
That cat smells awful! I thought they usually cleaned themselves ?!
7.- REGLA GRAMATICAL
8. – EJERCICIO
herself
herself
by myself
9.- EJERCICIO
yourself
myself yourself
by ourselves
TALLER 11.
Giving a Report on Video Surveillance
Ejercicio 2
(Encuentra el extraño)
1
surveillance
criminality
delinquency
2
intervention
evaluation
arrest
3
system
device
monitoring
4
monitoring
assessment
measure
Ejercicio 3
Listen to the text and decide if these statements are true or false.
(Escucha el texto y decide si estas afirmaciones son verdaderas o falsas.)
There were stolen cars in the neighbourhood.
 (false
All offences took place the same night
 false
The police received several testimonies.
 false
Local residents informed the police about what happened.
 true
A video surveillance system was installed.
 true
The culprits have been caught red-handed
 true
Subsequently, other delinquents were arrested in the neighborhood thanks to the camera.
 false
Ejercicio 4
Decide if these statements are correct or incorrect.
(Decide si estas afirmaciones son correctas o incorrectas.)
The residents have requested the intervention of delinquents.
 incorrect
They were caught red-handed thanks to a subsequent arrest.
 incorrect
The report aims to assess the efficiency of the system.
 correct
The authorities hope to dissuade the residents of the usefulness of the installed system.
 incorrect
It is undeniable that he did not commit the crime since he was caught red handed.
 incorrect
Ejercicio 5
Fill in the text with the correct word. The first letter is provided for you.
(Completa el texto con la palabra correcta. Se le proporciona la primera letra.)
The municipality is currently conducting a pilot project for a community vegetable garden. The project aims to
give every citizen the opportunity to grow their own vegetables. The project will be evaluated within one year
based on several satisfaction indicators. The authorities will then draft a report that will be made public. But
initially, the authorities hope to convince enough people to take part in the project.
TEST
Escribe la respuesta correcta
The police forces were present to avoid any misbehaviour.
The harmful effects of the sun on the skin are undeniable.
Many cities choose video surveillance in order to fight against delinquency.
She asked a question aimed at unsettling the speaker.
His speech had a great power of deterrence
The region is carrying out a pilot project aimed at testing the effectiveness of paying for entry into the town
centre for cars.
The surveillance of students is ensured by a team of eight teachers
The fall of the unemployment rate is an indicator of the economic recovery.
The inefficiency of this drug is clear from our study.
He was offended that he wasn't invited.
Criminal behaviour was so common to the extent that nobody bothered to call the police about the robbery.
The accused was caught red-handed with the stolen watch in his pocket.
The police device set up to contain the demonstration was impressive.
We will keep four candidates at the end of the first round.
The change in working hours gave rise to general dissatisfaction.
The monitoring of the team's work is ensured by our leader.
We will discuss this item in a subsequent meeting.
They want to restrict access to the Parliament building.
We have requested a loan from our bank.
All criminality must be sanctioned by justice.
The police forces were present to avoid any misbehaviour.
There was a decrease in delinquency in the neighbourhoods of the city centre.
Temperature measurement is carried out by means of a thermometre.
The police force proceeded to make four arrests in connection with this case.
This car is lacking electric windows.
The evaluation of essays is always complicated work for the professor.
Her testimony is valuable for the defence.
She managed to convince her colleagues to follow her.
With regard to your next assignment, you will need to undertake some research.
He is not being objective when he says that his brother is the best.
There was a fight which required the intervention of the police.
She has ignored her physique for a long time, but now she has taken up sport again.
The wind turbines provide electricity to 10% of the population
CONNECTIVES
EJERCICIO 1
(Seleccione la respuesta correcta.)
Louise and Max are
 students.
Max is writing
 an academic assignment.
Max can improve his writing by
 connecting his ideas better.
Ejercicio 2

(Seleccione la respuesta correcta)
 Words and phrases like, “in order to”, “due to” and “therefore” are used to express the reason for
something happening, or its result.
 Words and phrases like, “despite” and “although” are used to connect two ideas or bits of
information that do not agree.
 Words and phrases like, “moreover” , “furthermore” and “in addition” are used to add extra pieces of
information that support the current argument.
 Some of these connectives are quite formal and frequently used in academic writing, but not when
speaking.
Ejercicio 4
(Seleccione la respuesta correcta.)
I need to improve my writing in order to get a really good grade. • Grammar rule: After the connective "in
order to", we see a/an
infinitive verb
Despite the government efforts to reduce pollution, in many countries it is increasing. • Grammar rule: After
the connective "despite", we see a/an
 noun/ -ing form.
Grammar rule: After the connective "in addition to", we see a/an
 noun / -ing form.
Grammar rule: After the connective "due to", we see a/an
 noun / -ing form.
We should drive more fuel-efficient cars and recycle; moreover,/ furthermore, governments need to stop
businesses from polluting the environment. • Grammar rule: After the connectives "moreover" and
"furthermore" we see a
 comma ","
Connectives introduce subordinate clauses. These are sometimes at the start of sentences, before the main
clause.
That makes sense, although it does sound very formal. • Grammar rule: After the connective "although", we
see a/an
 clause.
EJERCICIO 5
Type the right answer.

(Escriba la respuesta correcta.)
 I’m going home early tonight in order to get my assignment done on time.
 Although it’s October, it’s still really wrm.
 Despite working really hard, Max had to resit his exam.
 More students are having to take extra jobs due to the increased cost of living.
 It is essential that universities recruit staff from diverse backgrounds. Moreover, students from low-
income families should also be encouraged to apply.
EJERCICIO 7

 Although Louise is one of the best students in her class, she only got 56% in her last exam.
 In order to do better next time, she organised a study group with some other students.
 Unfortunately, only half of them came despite having the day off.
EJERCICIO 8
We have seen the disappearance of over 100,000 species of animals in the last 100 years. Moreover, the
Earth is warming at a rate that could result in the destruction of up to 76% of life in the next 100 years. This
is due to a variety of factors including industry and human food production in addition to fuel for
transportation and heating.
PASSIVE VOICE
Ejercicio 1
Louise has just arrived at Nadia's flat. Listen to their conversation and choose the correct option.
Nadia has
 just moved into the flat.
Louise thinks the flat
 looks good.
The appearance of the flat

 has changed recently.
Nadia and Louise talk about
 the flat's appearance.
EJERCICIO 2
Listen to Nadia and Louise's conversation again. Complete the sentences.
 Nadia says the flat was recently painted (in the past). She can still smell the paint now, in the
present.
 Nadia does not say who painted the flat
Some of the furniture
 was delivered that morning.
Nadia says the owner delivered some of the furniture.
Nadia does not say who will deliver the bed.
The bins are emptied regularly.
Nadia does not say who collects the bins.
EJERCICIO 4
Make positive statements with:
 subject + be + verb + rest of sentence
Make negative statements with:
 subject + be + not + verb + rest of sentence

Make questions with:
 (question word) + be + subject + verb + rest of sentence
We change tense by
 using different forms of "be" + "has" / "have" / "being".
We use the past participle form of the main verb

We can use "by" + person to say who the agent (person doing the action) is.
EJERCICIO 5
Put the elements in the right order.
(Coloca los elementos en el orden correcto)
The house was painted last week.
The flat is being cleaned at the moment.
The shower was fixed by Sara.
The bathroom has not been cleaned since your mum visited.
Will the painting be finished tonight?
Oh no! My car has been stolen!
EJERCICIO 7
(Escriba la respuesta correcta)
Nadia's mum, Lina, is visiting the new flat. Complete their conversation using the suggested tense and
words.
 N. Hi Mum! Welcome to my new place. What do you think? L. Oh, I don't know. Has it been
cleaned (it/cleaned - present perfect)? It smells strange.
 N. Yes! I've just finished cleaning! I think you can smell the paint. L. Paint? What, are you an artist
now? N. No! It's just been decorated (it/just/decorate - present perfect)!.
 L. Really? N. All the walls were painted yesterday (painted/yesterday - past simple).
 L. By who? You? You've never been good at painting. N. No, all the decorating was done (do - past
simple) by a professional.
 L. Oh, OK. N. Anyway, the location is really good. My office is only a 10-minute-walk away. L.
That's good. Anyway, where can I sit down? I'm exhausted after that walk. N. You walked here? You
must be really tired, Mum! Why did you do that? L. The car is being repaired (repaired - present
continuous) at the moment.
 N. Oh no, what's the problem? L. I'm not sure. N. I hope it is fixed (it/fixed - present simple) soon.
You can't walk everywhere, Mum.
 L. I know! But, it's good exercise for me. I just wish you lived closer to home. N. Don't worry, Mum,
I'll come and visit you often. L. Thanks, dear, but that won't be necessary. L. The garage is going to
arrange a temporary car for me. When I get that, I'll be able to visit you every day! N. Is that going to
be soon? L. Yes, actually it will be delivered (it/deliver - future simple) tomorrow morning. N. Oh
wow. That's..... good.
TALLER 12
Link the text to the image.
the twins
the pregnancy
the sadness
the joy
the tears
EJERCICIO 3 AUDIO
Select the word that matches the audio.
the skin
the spouse
the joy
the cheek
the stride
the madness
EJERCICIO 4
The entire family is in good health.
He fell in love with her when they were neighbours.
I want to call her to reassure her.
They married and then they also had children.
TES.
She was so happy that she cried tears of joy.
The newlyweds went on their honeymoon to Brazil.
She got pregnant when she was eighteen years old.
She had a difficult pregnancy.
He was born in 1982.
I did a lot of sports when I was a teenager.
A child of male sex was abandoned by his parents at a local hospital.
She was pale when she told us the news.
She is very jovial, it's always nice to meet up with her.
The director arrived and, while he was there, the three assistant directors came to join him.
We raised our three children in simplicity.
The twin sister of my colleague is working for the competition.
I must leave immediately: I am in a hurry.
I heard a newborn baby crying.
She felt full of sadness because she was unable to say goodbye to him.
My colleague and his spouse are coming to dine this evening.
He couldn't finish his speech, he was so moved.
She took a mysterious trip that she spoke to no one about.
The graduation ceremony takes place on Friday.
Our grandmother is 102 years old, but she is still in good health.
He spoilt our party because he got angry.
I fell in love with him when I was twenty-five years old.
My parents' marriage was celebrated in this church.
This is a teenager who feels very good about himself.
He was so cold that he was shivering.
The water running from the tap was all yellow.
She looked radiant on her wedding day.
This is a beautiful little girl with pretty red cheeks.
He went to the doctor because he had a stomach ache.
Her fiancé is very charming.
We have approved the proposed salary increase.
Listen to Jack and Louise. 2. Answer the questions about their conversation.
Ejercicio 1
Jack and Louise are talking about
travelling and food.
They discuss
previous travel experiences.
Louise talks about food
she ate on holiday.
EJERCCIO 2
Louise is in Riga now.
False
Louise was previously in Riga.
True
Louise returned from Riga recently.
True
Jack arrived in the flat in the past.
True
Jack is still in the flat now.
True
Louise went to Estonia a long time ago.
True
Ejercicio 4
We make positive statements with:
subject + have/has + verb.
We make negative statements with:
subject + have/has + not + verb.
We make questions with:
(WH- question word) +/or "Have" or "Has".
We always use the past participle form of the verb.
We often use contractions (I've, haven't, etc.) when using the present perfect.
We usually position "ever" or "never" before the past participle verb.
We usually position "yet", "for + period" or "since + past time" at the end of the sentence.
Ejercicio 5
Have you ever been to Italy?
Where have you been today?
Have you emailed Sangeetha yet?
She has not telephoned me.
They haven't been to Berlin yet.
I have lived with Anna for 2 years.
I have known Louise since 2011.
I have never liked horror films.
Ejercicio 7
Louise is back at work after her holiday and she is talking to her colleague, Nadia. Complete the
dialogue.
N. Hey Louise! I've not seen you this week. Have you been sick?
L. No, I've just got back from a short holiday in Latvia.
N. Oh wow! L.
Have you ever been?
N. No, I haven't. In fact I've never been to Eastern Europe.
L. You really should, it's so cool. N. Really? What did you do? L. Loads! I went sightseeing in Riga for the
first few days.
N. Yeah L. And then I wen to the beach yesterday, before flying back last night.
N. You flew back last night? Ah, that's why you look tired.
L. Yeah, and because I've been here since 7.30 this morning!
N. Oh no! That's really early. L. I know! But I need to prepare for a big presentation tomorrow and I haven't
done anything yet. N. Ah, OK. I'll let you work on that then. Good luck! L. Thanks Nadia, see you later!
EJERCICIO 1
Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions.
Louise and Jack are talking in a cafe.
Jack is Louise's
friend.
Jack and Louise discuss
films and studies.
Jack and Louise mainly talk about
the future.
Ejercicio 2
Listen to Jack and Louise's conversation again, then answer the following questions.
Use the present continuous (we're watching "Stephan's Faces" this evening) to talk about future
arrangements that are already organised and agreed.
Use "going to" (I'm going to read about doing an Erasmus mobility year) to talk about future intentions or
plans that were decided in the past.
Use the future simple (I'll just have a water please) to talk about spontaneous decisions (made when
speaking).
Use the present simple (I always go to bed early on Monday nights) to talk about routines and things that
regularly happen at a certain time.
Use the present simple (the first film always begins at 7.00) to talk about scheduled events (for example,
cinema or train times).
EJERCICIO 4
Use the structure: Subject + verb (present simple) + time, as in "The train leaves at 10:45 tomorrow." to talk
about:
scheduled events.
Use the structure: Subject + will + verb (infinitive), as in "Yes, Sara, I will call you tonight." to talk about:
plans made at the time of speaking.
Use the structure: Subject + be + going to + verb (infinitive), as in "Luke is not going to the USA this
summer." to talk about:
plans made in the past.
Use the structure: Subject + be + verb (-ing) + time, as in " I'm swimming at 6:00 with Sandra at the club."
to talk about:
future arrangements.
Ejercicio 5
What are you doing tonight?
I'm going to stay in and watch television.
Are you going to watch Baywitch?
Yes, I am.
What time is it on?
Baywitch is on everyday at 9.00.
Is Nadia going on holiday to Portugal?, Is Nadia going to Portugal on holiday ?
Ejercicio 7
Jack phones Louise to hear more about her plans. Choose the correct options to complete the
conversation.
L. Hi Jack, how's it going? J. Yeah, good, thanks Lou. Is now a good time to talk? L. I'm meeting a friend in
10 minutes, we're going to walk to college together.
J. Oh yeah? What time do you start today?
L. My first lecture is at 10.00, but that's not for another half an hour. What's up?
J. I was just wondering how your Erasmus research is going? L. Good thanks, I'm making progress. J. Tell
me about it. L. So, I think I'll go to Madrid, or somewhere in Spain for 9 months.
J. That'll be amazing. Will you have to be fluent in Spanish before you go?
L. No, I won't. I guess I'll learn a bit before I go, but I've not really thought about it.
J. Are they going to give you Spanish lessons when you get there?
L. Oh yes, I think I can get them if I need them, that's one of the reasons for going. J. Cool, so
when are you leaving?
L. I won't know that for a long time. I haven't even finished my application yet!
J. So, when are you going to do that?
L. I'm finishing that tonight. My laptop's broken, but Anna said I could borrow hers. J. Well good luck
with that. Have a good day and we'll speak soon, yeah? L. Cool, thanks for calling, Jack. Bye!
TALLER 13
TALKING ABOUT SPORT
VER EL VIDEO 01
EJERCICIO 02
Find the odd one out. Iron
Find the odd one out. generous
Find the odd one out. referee
Find the odd one out. to complain
Find the odd one out. ranking
EJERCICIO 03
1. They ended with a tie. / The result of the match is 1-1. same meaning
2. She won the bronze medal. / She finished second. different meaning
3. This player has been transferred. / This player has changed clubs. same meaning
4. He is a bad loser. / He always loses. different meaning
5. This is a team at the bottom of the ranking. / This is one of the best teams. different meaning
EJERCICIO 04
1. They are at an excellent level: they set the bar very high.
2. At half-time they entered the locker room and they changed their strategy.
3. They feel well spent today: they ran a lot.
4. The referee had to stop the game because the field was covered in snow.
5. He likes to joke and make his friends laugh.
6. Both teams were tied until the last minute; there was a lot of suspense
PRONUNCIACIÒN 06
Wick poins
Rrefery
Transfer
Intens
Tubi enyer
Ranquin
tu eg-zurt yor-self
coorch
tivi tais
raning
reiz
champiosech
oponsing
suspenz
fizikul kuhn-dishuhn.
EJERCICIO 07
She participated in the World Athletics Championships.
He likes to joke with his colleagues.
I won the match thanks to a foul committed by the opponent.
His weak point is his lack of knowledge of the English language.
Her sport of choice is running, though she also enjoys swimming and cross fit.
They played on the main court at Roland Garros.
There was a lot of suspense in this film.
He fell and immediately felt an intense pain in the thigh
She wore a beautiful watch on her wrist
A ranking of the ten most influential personalities was published yesterday.
The teams are tied in the rankings.
After the war, my grandfather was awarded a medal for his courage.
The young athlete won his first victory of the season.
The goalkeeper blocked two shots of the opponent.
He injured himself while gardening.
The transfer of this player to Madrid costs millions of euros.
An athlete has tested positive following a drug-test.
The opposing team was much stronger than us.
A Belgian won the car race this weekend.
No one wants to compete against him because he is such a bad loser.
My children's teacher is very ill; they've had a substitute since yesterday.
If you take intensive English courses in England, you will quickly see an improvement of your level.
There has been no goal in the first half.
In order to enter the police force, you must be in good physical condition
My brother is a complainer. He is never happy.
The referee called many fouls.
Because he had trained more and worked harder, he was resentful that his friend won the competition
instead.
Do not exert yourself unnecessarily when the weather is so hot.
They have set the bar very high, they will never find a
MODALS ('CAN', 'MAY' & 'SHOULD')
EJERCICIO 01
Tony is good at skiing. True
Tony feels bad when he tries to stand.
Tony has always skied. False
EJERCICIO 02
The doctor tells Tony it is possible his leg will hurt when he tries to stand.
The doctor tells Tony there is a chance his leg will be better in the present /in the future.
When Tony tells the doctor about skiing, he talks about an ability he has in the present but that he didn't
have in the past.
The doctor uses 'should' to tell Tony things that are a good idea.
The doctor tells Tony if he doesn't rest it is possible he won't ski in the future.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA 03
SOLO LEER Y CONTINUAR
EJERCICIO 04
To make negative sentences 'not' comes after the modal verb.
A verb (base form) is used after all modal verbs.
"He can swim well." To make this statement a question, we change the place / position of: the modal verb
and the subject
After a modal verb, we never add 's' to the third person singular base form of the following verb.
EJERCICIO 05
She may be late for work.
Could you drive when you were younger?
You should listen to the teacher!
I cannot understand French.
Might she come to the party?
He can ski really well.
EJERCICIO 07
Doctor: Hi again, Tony. Let’s have another look at your leg. Tony: Great, doc! I can stand (I am able to
stand) on it now.
Doctor: That sounds good but you shouldn't stand (not a good idea to stand) on it too much.
Tony: Sorry, doc. My mum also told me I should (is a good idea) rest or it might not (possible it won't) get
better. Doctor: Yes, your mum is right!
EJERCICIO 08
Doctor: I will take the cast off now. It might hurt (possible it will hurt) a little, so you shouldn't (not a
good idea) move.
Tony: Ok. I am ready. I won’t move. Doctor: (Are you able to) Can you stand? Remember, it might (it is
possible) hurt.
Tony: Yes! I can stand (it is possible for me to stand)
EJERCICIO 09
Doctor: And can you walk (are you able to walk) to the door?
Tony: Ow! No, I can’t (I am not able). What should I (is a good idea for me) do?
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Ejercicio 01
Nadia and Jack are in Nadia's new flat.
Jack is helping Nadia by moving some of her things.
Nadia and Jack talk about people, places and objects.
EJERCICIO 02
Sam cuts Jack's hair.
Nadia and Jack use the following words to talk about people (Sam): who and that
Nadia usually gets her hair cut in a salon.
Nadia uses the following word to talk about a place (her usual hairdressing salon): where
What objects were on the table? books and a picture
Nadia uses the following words to talk about objects (photo and books): which that
Nadia and Jack talk about actions and situations in different points in time.
EJERCICIO 4
The chair that I bought last week is broken. (relative pronoun refers to the object of the verb) Not obligatory
The woman who spoke Japanese at the conference is my cousin. (relative pronoun refers to the subject)
Obligatory
The person who is interested in buying the house will phone back later. (relative pronoun followed by "be" +
adjective phrase) Not obligatory
The car which is in front of the pharmacy is my sister's. (relative pronoun followed by a prepositional
phrase) Not obligatory
EJERCICIO 05
I'm going to get a chair that we can put in the bedroom.
That's the man who lives next door.
Let's go to a shop where we can get everything we need for the kitchen.
You can take anything that you want. I don't need it anymore.
The man who phoned will call back later.
The woman who is interested in buying your old car will call back later.
Be careful! The water # coming out of the tap is really hot!
No, that's someone whose house I wouldn't buy. He's always complaining about it!
EJERCICIO 07
J. I need a new camera too, but must sell my old one first. N. Have you used ebuy.com? That's the website
which I use to sell all my old stuff.
J. No, I haven’t. Would that be a good place to get a new one too? N. Maybe, things are quite cheap. But it's
a good idea to both see and try the camera first. J. Like where? N. There’s a photography shop which is on
the high street. The staff in there are really helpful.
J. Ah, Snappy Shots? I know it. It’s the place that's next door to the bookshop… I think I remember it from
the time when we got Anna’s birthday present. Right?
N J. The one who took an hour to find the book?. That’s it! Can you remember that nice old man
who worked there?
J. The one who took an hour to find the book?
N. Yes! Now I remember. The book that was on the counter in front of him when we arrived! J. I hope the
staff in Snappy Shots are a bit quicker than him. N. Don’t worry. I don’t think anyone could possibly be as
slow! J. Yeah, right. Anyway, thanks for the advice Nadia, but I should be helping you get your flat
organised! N. Thanks Jack, yeah. Let’s do it, or we’ll never finish!
'WOULD' (FOR PAST HABITS)
EJERCICIO 01
1. Bill is watching football on the television.
2. In the past Bill watched Ipswich United play at their stadium.
3. Bill mainly talks about habits and situations in the past.
EJERCICIO 01
1. Ipswich United were successful on many occasions over a period of time. (T)
2. Ipswich United were successful on just one occasion in the past. (F)
3. Anna offered to watch a game with Bill in the future. (T)
4. When asking Bill about his past habits, Anna uses "would" in her questions. (F)
Bill uses "would" when describing his emotions in the past. (F)
EJERCICIO 04
They would regularly finish at the top of the league. (b) I’d go down there with my dad every week, I used
to love it.
Grammar rule: when describing past habits, we can use the form: subject + would + bare infinitive verb.
to love it.
Grammar rule: it is possible to contract the subject pronoun and “would”.
to love it.
Grammar rule: it is possible to use an adverb before the verb.
EJERCICIO 05
We'd play (we/play) tennis at the park every day after school.
I would get (I/get) up early to watch cartoons before my parents woke up.
Jack would go (Jack/go) to the cinema almost every week when he was a student.
She’d always watch (she/watch/always) basketball, whenever it was on the television.
When she was a student, Anna would do (Anna/do) yoga every morning.
EJERCICIO 07
Grandpa, did you play (you/play/?) computer games when you were young?
No, there weren’t any computers then, so we’d read (we/read) more and do things out of the house.
Really? Like what, Grandpa? Oh you know, meeting friends and going out on our bikes. I used to
love (I/love) long bike rides. Really, Grandpa? That sounds boring.
EJERCICIO 08
Judy: Hey, do you want to meet for lunch before the film? Mike: OK, how about Gino’s café? That’s really
close to the cinema. Have you been there before? Judy: Yeah, I went there (go/there) once last year, I think.
I can’t remember it well, though. Do you know it?
Mike: Yeah, when I was at college, I’d usually go (I/go/usually) there after lectures. It was
always (it/be/always) really good. Judy: Cool, let’s do it.
TALLER 14
EXERCICE 2
Listen again to "Volunteer work" and state whether these statements are true or false.
 Welcome will construct a building to house the poor. TRUE
 The users of the house will have workshops in their rooms. FALSE
 You must have an independent professional activity before entering the house. FALSE
 One of the objectives of Welcome is to help reintegration through labour. TRUE
 Welcome currently employs only volunteers. FALSE
 Welcome wants to hire qualified employees. FALSE
EXERCICE 3
VOCABULARY
 We filed a complaint form to ask for a refund.
 The West wing of the hospital is reserved for Paediatrics.
 He does voluntary work for a nature preservation association.
 You do not fit the profile we are looking for.
 Reading is his favourite pastime.
 We gave a helping hand to our neighbours who moved away.
 It is difficult to reintegrate into society after spending several years in prison.
 Care of the elderly in this institution is provided by a team of qualified nurses, doctors and other
healthcare workers.
 Fifty volunteers work for this association.
 He dedicated four hours a week to photography.
 Photography is one of my main hobbies.
 He does manual labour, that's why he does not need to exercise to be in shape.
 We welcomed all the guests then we had a drink in the garden.
 The European Union wants to have better control over the charitable sector.
 This company remunerates its employees very well.
 He has been excluded from the group because he made racist remarks.
 She has a fulfilling job.
 He lost his job and found himself poor.
 As students, we stayed in youth hostels when we travelled, because the cost of a bed in a dormitory
is very affordable.
 What is your availability for a job interview?
 He manages a home for asylum-seekers.
 We saw an accident and we went to rescue the occupants of the two cars.
 Your contribution to the completion of our project was invaluable.
 We want to reward the students who have made the greatest progress.
 He has an obvious talent for cooking.
 Many employees complain about the lack of recognition of their work.
 The walls of the house are covered with frescoes/frescos.
EXERCICE 4
home - dormitory - wing - leisure time
leisure time
wage - framing - reward - recognition
framing
assistance - hobby - leisure time - free time
assistance
positioning - rehabilitation - framing – contribution
contribution
destitute - charitable – excluded
charitable
EXERCICE 5
R// The fresco
R// The dormitory
R// The workshop
R// The building

EXERCICE 6
R// You don't know what to do in your spare time?
R// Come and help us save the poor.
R// We promise to reward your contribution with our sincere gratitude.
R// Working as a volunteer in our association is a true human adventure.
TEST 8
It is difficult to reintegrate into society after spending several years in prison.
As students, we stayed in youth hostels when we travelled, because the cost of a bed in a dormitory is very
affordable.
He lost his job and found himself poor.
We saw an accident and we went to rescue the occupants of the two cars.
Your contribution to the completion of our project was invaluable.
We want to reward the students who have made the greatest progress.
He manages a home for asylum-seekers.
You do not fit the profile we are looking for.
What is your availability for a job interview?
Photography is one of my main hobbies.
Care of the elderly in this institution is provided by a team of qualified nurses, doctors and other healthcare
workers.
The West wing of the hospital is reserved for Paediatrics.
He dedicated four hours a week to photography.
Fifty volunteers work for this association.
He has an obvious talent for cooking.
He does voluntary work for a nature preservation association.
He has been excluded from the group because he made racist remarks.
The European Union wants to have better control over the charitable sector.
Reading is his favourite pastime.
She has a fulfilling job.
He does manual labour, that's why he does not need to exercise to be in shape.
The walls of the house are covered with frescoes.
We gave a helping hand to our neighbours who moved away.
We filed a complaint form to ask for a refund.
We welcomed all the guests then we had a drink in the garden.
Many employees complain about the lack of recognition of their work.
This company remunerates its employees very well.
M14 / THEME 2
EXERCICE 1
Listen to the conversation and complete the sentences.
 Anna has been to a demonstration.
 Anna saw a politician there.
 Mike didn't go to the demonstration.
EXERCICE 2
Listen to the conversation again and decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false
(F).
 The demonstration was not advertised on posters. F
 Mike knew everyone at the demonstration. F
 Suzie Patel is busy working for the government, trying to save the hospital and improve the
housing situation. F
 Suzie Patel has recently left her government job. T
 Lots of politicians are famous for trying to save the local hospital. F
 Suzie Patel is mainly working on housing problems. T
EXERCICE 4
 Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b) They live in a house whose rent has
increased 5 times in 4 years. (c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the people
(who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to an area where there are fewer tourists. (f)
The reason (why) I came here today is not important. Defining relative clauses usually come directly
after the noun being defined.
The reason (why) I came here today is not important. Defining relative clauses are not separated
from the rest of the sentence by brackets or commas.
The reason (why) I came here today is not important. The relative pronoun
(who/which/why/there/that) can define the subject or object of the verb.
The reason (why) I came here today is not important. We do not have to use a relative pronoun, if it
is the object of the verb.
The reason (why) I came here today is not important. We do not use personal pronouns or nouns in
relative clauses that have a relative pronoun referring to the same thing.
The reason (why) I came here today is not important. We can use “that” instead of who, whom or
which.
EXERCICE 5
 Examples: (a) Mike’s mother, who lives in Birmingham, has never voted. (b) My friend Anna, who I
used to work with, has just written a best-selling novel. (c) Suzie Patel, who spoke at the
demonstration, is a well-known politician. (d) We met outside the old library, which had shut years
ago. (e) I've just come back from the city centre, where the main part of the demonstration took
place. (f) I just met a politician called Suzie, whose main interest is making housing more affordable.
Relative pronouns must be included in non-defining relative clauses.
Other pronouns cannot be replaced with "that."
Comma(s) are always to separate the non-defining relative clause from the rest of the sentence.
EXERCICE 7
 Did you hear that story on the news today about the Paris climate agreement? Maybe. Do you mean
the agreement which the US pulled out of?
 Yeah, that’s it. Do you know what's happening with that now? Well I think most of the other
countries are going to continue with it, which is good news. Yeah, I hope so.
EXERCICE 8
 Have you decided who you’re going to vote for? No. Well I was going to vote for Gary Garage, the
leader of the Union Party. Garage..? Ah, he’s the politician who was arrested for corruption last
week, right?
 That’s right, he put £2 million of local schools’ money into his person bank account,
which shouldn’t be too surprising.
 And that’s the guy - you were going to vote for? Oh dear.
M14 / THEME 3
EXERCICE 1
Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions.
 Brigitte and Tony are making arrangements.
 They'll stay near the sea.
 Their main concern is the weather.
EXERCICE 2
 In the sentence: "I'll come if it's sunny", "I'll come" is the result.
 We introduce a condition with the word "If"
 In a conditional sentence, the result depends on the condition.
 Most of the time, we use 'if' & 'when' sentences to talk about the future.
 Generally, the tenses we use to talk about the future in 'if' & 'when' sentences are present tenses.
EXERCICE 4
 'Zero conditional' sentences are generally formed using the present simple + the present simple
 'First conditional' sentences are generally formed using present simple + will + a verb (base form).
 When the 'if' part of the sentence comes first, use a comma after it.
EXERCICE 5
 When you see her, will you say hello for me?
 If he doesn't stop smoking, his health will get worse.
 Soup tastes better if you add a bit of salt.
 Can you tell me if he calls, please?
 They won't be able to return when it gets dark.
EXERCICE 7
Fill in the gaps to complete the text.
 Brigitte: Tony, if the pub is not open, I will be (I / be) so angry! I am really hungry.
 Tony: It will be open. If there are (be) customers, it will be (be) open. I promise. Brigitte: I hope you
are right!
EXERCICE 8
Fill in the gaps to complete the dialogue.
 Tony: Look. It’s open. I told you! Brigitte: Great. If they have (have) fish and chips on the menu, I
will have (have) that. (*Remember punctuation!*)
 Tony: And, if they have steak and chips, I will have (have) that.
EXERCICE 9
Fill in the gaps to complete the dialogue.
 Brigitte: If they have (have) a fire, we should sit (sit) next to it. I'm so cold.
 Tony: I'm not sure there's a fire. We will find out (find out) when we get (get) there.
Tema 15
Organising a Training Day
Ejercicio 02.
Put the sentences in chronological

order.
1.
 They brainstorm what they could do on such a training day.

 The Legal Department would like to invite a speaker.
 The Chief Executive assigns tasks to his two colleagues.
 The Chief Executive suggests having a workshop about the use of ICT with
presentations.
 The Chief Executive wants to organise a training day.
 They discuss the programme from a practical point of view.

 The HR Dpt thinks they should organise a seminar on some computer programs.
2.

presentations.
 The Chief Executive wants to organize a training day.

 The Chief Executive suggests having a workshop about the use
of ICT with presentations.
 The HR Dpt thinks they should organise a seminar on some
computer programs.

4.

presentations.
 The HR Dpt thinks they should organise a seminar on some
computer programs.
 The Chief Executive suggests having a workshop about the use

of ICT with presentations.
6.

presentations.
7.

presentations.
Ejercicio 03
Choose the right answer.

Let's say that he or she talks for about an hour and a half.
It's essential that we all express our objectives.

They want to know about the latest developments related to to the
internet.
I entirely agree : there's something for everyone.
Let's all get together again next Wednesday to run through the final
program.
At the end of the day , the practical part is the most important.
Test
I suggest that we start around 9.30 with a short introduction about the
purpose of the training day.
I suggest that we start around 9.30 with a short introduction about the
purpose of the training day.
Perhaps a lawyer or an academic from the legal field with expertise in IT Law ?
Our priority in the legal department is to invite a speaker who can

advise us about the latest developments in legal affairs related to the
Internet.
However there's a small problem.
I think that these three topics will make for a well-balanced and very
informative training day.
I think that it would be a good idea if we first brainstormed about what
we could do on such a training day .
Dorothy, could you liaise with the IT Department and make sure that
a list is drawn up of computer programs that cause the most
difficulties ?
Personally, I think that it would be a good idea to have a workshop that tells us a bit
more about the use of ICT with presentations.
Our priority in the legal department is to invite a speaker who can advise us about the
latest developments in legal affairs related to the Internet.
Right, can we wrap things up now ? Joan, could you find a speaker
to give a presentation on IT Law ?
Let's all get together again next Wednesday to run through the final
program.
You're absolutely right . We can put people in groups according to
which computer programs they need for their jobs.
We'll have to liaise with the IT department about which programs
cause the most problems.}
That's perfect , because we can simply ask the IT Department to take
care of that seminar.
Personally, I think that it would be a good idea to organise a
workshop that tells us a bit more about the use of ICT with
presentations.
I agree, but it's easy to solve .
The secretaries and assistants experience difficulties working out how
to use these programs to their full potential.
Let's say that he or she talks for about an hour and a half.
I entirely agree. There is something for everyone. Now we'll have to

look at how to arrange this program from a practical point of view
Phrasal Verbs 2
Ejercicio 01
Listen to part of the audio book and complete the following sentences:
Paula is a
 school girl.
 professional athlete.
 trainer.
Paula wants to continue running.
Paula’s Dad wants the garage and the 1967 Buick Stallion to be
 improved.
 destroyed.
 removed.
Paula enjoys running because it helps her to separate herself
from everyday life.
Ejercicio 02
Listen to the audio book again. Match the phrases to their definitions:
"keep on", "push on" and "struggle on" all have meanings connected to
 stopping something.
 continuing something.
 increasing something.
"doing something up","build up" and "clean up" all have meanings connected to
 continuing things.
 leaving things.
 improving things.
"slip off", "switch off" and "kick off" all have meanings connected to
 separating things.
 continuing things.
 completing things.
Not all phrasal verbs with a specific particle have a similar meaning.
Ejercicio 04
Paula really needed to be getting off , she was already late, and the
training session had gone on for too long already. She knew her Dad
would be waiting outside in the car, thinking up new and imaginative
punishments to dish out to her.
Ejercicio 05
Complete the following section of the story with the missing particles.
Paula held up the trainers and looked at them lovingly. They looked even better now
than did in the shop.
Paula had saved hard for 3 months before having enough money to
splash out on new trainers.
For 3 long months Paula had cut back on nearly everything: trips to
the cinema, shopping, and going into town, but it had been worth it.
Paula had been working hard to build up her fitness since the national
championships.
She looked back on her disappointment and knew that she wouldn't
let herself feel like that again.
It was time to knock out the competition and bring in a gold medal.
Adverbs (Type & Position)

Ejercicio 1
Listen to Louise and Max's conversation
and complete the sentences.
Louise is Max's friend.
Louise and Max are making plans.

They don't talk about Louise's studies.
Ejercicio 2
Refer to the example sentences and

complete the grammar rules.
Examples: Do you want to come and play tennis later? • We could meet here.• He’ll be
really pleased to see Nadia too. • If I collect that quickly from the library. • Yeah, but
you’re always studying.• Unfortunately, I’ve already arranged to meet Marco for pizza.
• Grammar rule: Adverbs of time are often positioned either before the verb or at the
end of the sentence.
• Grammar rule: Adverbs of place are often positioned either after the object of the
sentence or after the verb.
• Grammar rule: Adverbs of degree are often positioned before the word they modify.
• Grammar rule: Adverbs of manner are often positioned after the direct object of the
sentence. If there is no object, these adverbs are positioned after the verb.
• Grammar rule: Adverbs of frequency are often positioned before the verb (but after
the verb “to be”).
• Grammar rule: Adverbs of summary are often positioned at the start of a clause.
Ejercicio 3

Jack: Hi Louise, are we still playing tennis this afternoon ? Where are you?
Louise: Yes, Jack. But I’ve got to meet Max at the library first. That’s where I am
right now.
Jack: When are you supposed to be meeting him? Louise: He should have been here ten
minutes ago. I really hope he’s not much longer.
He isn't usually late . I’m sure he’ll be there soon. Anyway there’s no rush;
Nadia’s already here so we can play together until you get here.
Ejercicio 4 aqui

Max: Hi Louise! Sorry, have you been waiting here long?
Louise: Er, yeah. For twenty minutes, in the rain. Max: Eh? I thought you were going to
text me when you got here. I was waiting to hear from you before coming out. Louise:
Hmm, no. I definitely don’t remember saying that. Anyway, did you get
the book you needed?
Max: Luckily, Marco kindly lent me his copy, so I’ll read that when I get home.
Louise: So, you didn’t even need to go to the library? Honestly! You could have let me
know!
Causative Structures
Ejercicio 01
Listen to Jack and Nadia’s conversation and complete the sentences.
Jack is Nadia's
 friend.
 doctor.
 hairdresser.
Jack and Nadia do NOT discuss
 things done in the past.

 their plans.
 how much things cost.

Nadia has already visited a doctor today.
Ejercicio 02
Listen to the conversation again. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or
false (F)
Nadia arranged for a doctor to examine her hand.
 (T)
 (F)
Nadia is going to pay someone at the carwash to clean her car.
 (F)
 (T)
Nadia is going to clean her car.
 (F)
 (T)
Jack is going to cut his own hair.
 (F)
 (T)
Jack has arranged for a hairdresser to cut his hair.
 (F)
 (T)
A hairdresser recently cut Jack’s hair.
 (T)
 (F)
Ejercicio 04
Refer to the examples and complete the grammar rules.

Example sentences: I’m going to get my car washed and cleaned at
the car wash. • I’m getting my hair cut at 4:00. • I haven’t had it cut for
ages. • Do you get it done at Super Cuts? • Have you had it checked
by the doctor? • Grammar rule: We make positive statements with:
[subject + auxiliary verb] + [get/have] + [something] + [past participle
verb].
by the doctor? • Grammar rule: We make negative statements with:
[subject + auxiliary verb] + [not] + [get/have] + [something] + [past
participle verb].
by the doctor? • Grammar rule: We make questions with: [auxiliary
verb + subject] + [get/have] + [something] + [past participle verb].
by the doctor? • Grammar rule: We can only use the past
participle form of the verb.
by the doctor? • Grammar rule: We can change the tense of “get” or
“have”, to talk about the past, present or future.
Ejercicio 05
Complete the following sentences. Include the words in brackets “( )“ and
“get” or “have”.
I usually have my eyes tested (eyes/test) every two years.
If you can’t hear properly, you should have your ears

checked (ears/check) by a doctor.
Your hair is so long! When did you last have it cut (cut it)?
Try to rest after the operation. Can you get your meals
brought (bring/your meals) to your bed?
What happened to your face? Next time think about getting your make
up done (do/your make up) by a professional.
Ejercicio 07
Complete the following conversation. Include the words in brackets “( )“ in

the correct form and “get” or “have”.
J. Hi Nadia, what are you up to? N. I’m just going to get my nails done (do/my nails).
I’ve got an interview tomorrow, so I want to look my best.
J. Are you getting your hair done (do/your hair) too?
N. I’ve just had it done (do/it) actually. You're so rude sometimes! J.
Oh yes, of course, it looks really nice.
Ejercicio 08
Complete the following conversation. Include the words in brackets “( )“ in
the correct form and “get” or “have”.
N. Where have you been, Jack? J. Just up at the hospital. My back’s been hurting a lot
recently, so I wanted to get it checked over (check over/it).
N. Oh dear, and what did they say? J. I have to do some special

exercises to strengthen it, and avoid heavy lifting. N. Yeah? So what
are you going to do about the shopping? J. It’s already sorted! I
ordered it online, which means that we get it delivered (deliver/it) for
free.
MODULO 16
Negotiating Company Downsizing
EJERCICIO 2
Listen and decide whether each

statement is correct or incorrect.
 True
 False

 True
 False

 False
 True

 False
 True

 False
 True
 False
 True
EJERCICIO 3
Match the bits of sentences together.

Last year our profits fell by 15% .

Peter is to draw up a list of possible redundancies .

We shall keep our costs to a minimum .

OK, let's try and keep calm .

I firmly believe that we should keep our costs down to a minimum .

We can meet again to discuss who exactly those people will be .
TEST RECAPITULATIVO
The redundancies will have to be distributed equally between manual

workers and executive personnel.
Given that we are a small company I think that 3 people should suffice .
We expect a second decrease of 15%.
Ok, let's try and keep calm. The issue is sufficiently sensitive as it is.
I am of the opinion that it would be easiest to make 3 manual workers
redundant.
Last year our profits fell by 15% and the prospects for this year are no
better.
He has to tell them that the only option they have to keep their company
afloat is to lay people off .
I don't agree with the fact that only manual workers have to bear the
consequences of a fall in profit.
I don't agree with the fact that only manual workers have
to bear the consequences of a fall in profit.
That's all well and good , but redundancy pay-outs to executives
would cost the firm a lot more money.
Last year our profits fell by 15% and the prospects for this year are no
better.
He has called a meeting with the Human Resources Manager, Peter Hey,
and a union representative , Jane Stokes.
He has called a meeting with the Human Resources Manager, Peter
Hey, and a union representative, Jane Stokes.
Given that we are a small company I think that 3 people should suffice.
Before we run through the list I would like to know how many people
will have to go to make the company profitable again.
I've asked Peter to draw up a list of people who we might make
redundant.
That's all very well in theory , but we are a company and not a charity.
That 's true , but you have to look at it from a human point of view. In
the end, it's not the fault of the manual workers that the company is in
trouble !
The issue is sufficiently sensitive as it is.
Before we run through the list I would like to know how many people will
have to go to make the company profitable again.
We expect a second decrease of 15%.
I fully understand you , Jane, and you're entirely correct.
I am of the opinion that it would be easiest to make 3 manual
workers redundant .
You undoubtedly know why I've called you all together this morning.
I firmly believe that we should keep our costs to a minimum .
MODULO 16-Presenting The Annual Figures

EJERCICIO 2
Listen to each question and then choose
the right answer.
 production costs
 set-up costs
 salary costs

the right answer.
 launch costs
 the strength of the pound
 the government policy

the right answer.
 sell three divisions
 make some staff redundant
 close two sites

the right answer.
 they have found new markets
 salary costs down
 the pound has weakened against the Euro

the right answer.
 their agreements with car manufacturers
 the fact of taking on 15 new members of staff

 the quality of management

the right answer.
 to start working on new products
 to merge
 to transfer technology
Listen to each question and then choose the right

answer.
 Yes
 No
 He doesn't know
EJERCICIO 3
Type the missing words. The first letter is

given.
First and foremost , I would like to thank and congratulate everyone
for all their effort and hard work. Despite the severe economic downturn,
AUTOSCREENS has performed exceedingly well.
Countries in the Eurozone account for 80% of our exports.
I firmly believe that our excellent value for money is largely responsible
for our success.
We have submitted a request for grants from the Department of Trade
and Industry.
What about people who want to take early retirement ?
TEST RECAPITULATIVO
In addition, the strength of the pound made it very difficult to export to
certain markets, particularly to countries in the Eurozone, which account
for 80% of our exports.
I am not in a position to give you an answe r at present . Some time
next month I expect to receive a report on this subject from a
Management Consultancy firm, and only then will I be able to give you a
definite answer to that question.
What about people who want to take early retirement ?
As you may be aware , the figures are very encouraging.
We have also thought about that and
have submitted a request for grants .
In 2002 the company was struggling and we were unfortunately forced
to lay some people off .
There can be no doubt that we still face major challenges ahead.
Is everybody here ? - Yes, I think so.
Absolutely not . Let me make it very clear that one of the preconditions of
a possible merger is that nobody will lose their job.
Despite the severe economic downturn, which has affected the
automobile industry, AUTOSCREENS has performed exceedingly well.
Today I have better news, because we hope to be in a position to take
on about 15 new members of staff in the coming weeks and months.
Despite the severe economic downturn, which has affected the
automobile industry, AUTOSCREENS has performed exceedingly well .
First and foremost, I would like to thank and congratulate everyone for all
their effort and hard work; without you this would not have
been possible .
Earlier this year, we entered into negotiations with some of our
competitors with a view to a possible merger.
Earlier this year, we entered into negotiations with some of our
competitors with a view to a possible merger .
Until now, no actual deals have been made.
Will there be any redundancies if there's a merger ?
The pound has also weakened against the Euro during the last 12
months, which means that our products are more competitively priced on
the Continent.
Now that the company is performing well, does that mean that there are
funds available for additional training or will we have to wait for that ?
Salary costs , such as the National Insurance contributions that the
employer has to pay, rose again.
First and foremost , I would like to thank and congratulate everyone for
all their effort and hard work.
Salary costs, such as the National Insurance contributions that the
employer has to pay, rose again and we urgently needed to create
new revenue streams to cover these costs.
I firmly believe that the quality of our products and our
excellent value for money are largely responsible for our success.
Earlier this year, we entered into negotiations with some of
our competitors with a view to a possible merger.
Clearly our agreements with various large car manufacturers have
contributed to the 50% rise in profits.
It seems more than likely that over the next three years our profit
margins will double. Now let's look at how this can be achieved.
In addition , the strength of the pound made it very difficult to export to
certain markets, particularly to countries in the Eurozone, which account
for 80% of our exports.
MODULO 16 - Phrasal Verbs 1

EJERCICIO 1
Listen to the dialogue and complete the sentences.
Marco is
 Nadia's colleague.
 applying to be a marketing assistant.

 Nadia's boss.
Marco and Nadia discuss
 hiring a new employee.
 starting a new business.

 starting an advertising campaign.
Marco is a recruitment professional.
EJERCICIO 2
Listen to Nadia and Marco's conversation again. Match the phrasal verbs to
their definitions.
“take something on” : to recruit / hire / employ.

their definitions.
"take off" : become very successful.
their definitions.
"take up" : accept an offer.
their definitions.
"turn up" : appear or arise.
their definitions.
"turn down" : decline an offer.
EJERCICIO 4
Match the grammar rule with the correct example.
Phrasal verbs can take this pattern: subject + verb + object + particle. An example of this is:
 “We’re running out of time.”

 “Business has really taken off.”
 “I’ll call you back.”
Phrasal verbs can also take this pattern: subject + verb + particle + (preposition) object. An
example of this is:

Another phrasal verb pattern is: subject + verb + particle. An example of this is:

Object pronouns must go between the verb and the particle (e.g. "I'll call you back."’).
EJERCICIO 5

When did Lukas move on ?
What time should I call you back ?
Make sure you check them out .
Let's see if we can get someone in for 2 days a week .
Can you look into that customer complaint ?
We don't have any more paper! We have totally run out !
EJERCICIO 7

N. You look stressed! Whats up? J. I need to go over my application before sending it in.
N. Oh OK, I can help you with that tomorrow if you like. J. But the
deadline's in 45 minutes! I need to phone a customer back before 6.00
too, and I've nearly run out of time . N. Wow, I'd better leave you to it.
Good luck!
EJERCICIO 8

N. Hi Jack! Any news on that job you applied for? J. Yeah, they just called to say
that they've finished drawing up the shortlist and they'd like to interview me.
N. Well, that took ages! But congratulations!! J. Apparently they had to go through
over 100 applications .
N. That seems like a lot of work, just to bring in one extra person.
J. Yeah, and I'm not sure if I'd even take up the job if they offered it - they seem
really disorganised.
MODULO 17
SPEAKING
EJERCICIOS # 1
1. Select the right answer.

In which context does this discussion take place?
At a meeting in a company.
2. What is the point of the discussion?

To decide whether or not to set up a teleworking day.
3. Is Sandra convinced of Mark's proposal?

Yes, but she has to convince another person.
EJERCICIO # 2
4. According to Mark, teleworking:

can make employees more efficient.
5. What is Sandra's fear?

That there will be less interaction between employees.
6. Why does Mark interrupt Sandra?

Because she questions the employees' loyalty.
7. How does Sandra react to the argument that teleworking can give a good image of the
company?
She seems to agree with the argument.
8. Sandra is against the argument that:

teleworking can help combine one's private and professional life.
9. What does Mark propose at the end of the conversation?

That those employees who want to can do a test for one day a week.
EJERCICIO # 3
10. During the meeting we addressed several points that are important for the progress of
our project.
You managed to convince your boss to give it a try.
The discussion was lively and Leigh wanted to add something but Chris didn't give her
the floor.
This is because we are very attentive to our corporate identity so our company will be
successful.
Before I was not in favour of teleworking but I must say that you have found strong
arguments .
EJERCICIO # 4
PUT THE ELEMENTS IN THE RIGHT ORDER.
Let's give it a try and we'll analyse the impact in a month.
He showed that teleworking didn't affect employee profitability .
Certainly, your project is interesting but I doubt it's feasible .
I'm convinced that the company's corporate identity will not suffer .
EJERICICIO # 5
1. During a meeting, one of your colleagues claims that teleworking makes employees
less productive. How do you oppose this idea?
You show him figures from studies that prove the opposite.
In a meeting with management, you speak on behalf of all your colleagues because you want to
have fewer meetings. Which is the most convincing way to express this? Choose from the
following options:
My colleagues and I are convinced that we will increase profitability.
You are convinced of the benefits of a nap at work. During a meeting, your superior reacts in the
following way: "At the end of the day, we do not pay employees to sleep during the work day!
What do you answer to him?
"Could you imagine the impact on our corporate identity? We would be a recognised as a
company that promotes the well-being of its employees! "
TEST LECCION 17
1. Employee profitability often decreases in summer.

2. I did not wish to add anything to this debate; my opinions have already been
expressed by others.
3. The impact of our advertising campaign has been very positive for the company.
4. Every day Patrick has to endure his colleague Henry's bad mood.
5. It is now time to address the next item on the agenda.
6. You have certainly made good progress on this issue, but the work is far from
over.
7. In friendships, it's important to show loyalty
8. If you let me continue , you will understand where I'm coming from.
9. She used a photograph to support her claim that she was at home all day.
10. This chef prepares delicious dishes. It is his passion for exotic flavours that
drives him.
11. To be credible, a company must be attentive to its corporate identity .
12. I cannot always achieve my goals on time.
13. If you decide to leave now, the whole team's work will suffer .
14. You are not allowed to speak in this meeting until we give you the floor
15. Peter wanted to show me the benefits of running.
16. Marianne often finds it difficult to admit that she is wrong.
17. It is often difficult to understand certain philosophical concepts.
18. We have not received the minutes of yesterday's meeting.
19. It is often difficult to combine my hobbies and obligations.
20. The news of his departure affected us a great deal.
21. I am convinced that my brother should stop using his car for journeys of less than
five kilometres.
22. Julie tends to disagree with Martin. She thinks it's better if he waits until the end
of the month to resign.
23. The question of the distribution of tasks was on yesterday's agenda .
24. I had to make a good argument to convince my colleague to participate in the
training programme.
25. I am in favour of a transparent recruitment policy.
26. Elisa does not manage her schedule well; she always ends up late.
27. If you interrupt me all the time, I will never finish my explanation.
28. During our meetings, the many interactions between colleagues allow for all
opinions to be shared and discussed.
29. I don't think the cycle lane project for the city centre is feasible .
EJERICIO # 1
1. Jack and Anna are in

Jack’s flat.
2. Jack and Anna are talking about

food.
3. Jack, Anna, Nadia, Louise and Marco are

friends.
4. Mack asks Anna: Would you like to pour yourself a drink, Anna?
5. Marco and Nadia have taught themselves to cook.
6. Jack suggests that Anna helps herself to a slice of pizza.
7. Jack emphasises his love of Hawaiian pizzas when he says: I myself love it!
8. Jack tells Anna that Marco made the pizza himself. This means that:
Marco made the pizza without any help from other people.
REGLA
Haz clic en el contenido para ver una traducción automática.

Meaning - Summary (Reflexive pronouns)
Example
Reflexive Pronouns | Examples
1. Would you like to pour yourself a drink, Anna?
2. They have taught themselves to cook.
3. Maybe we should try and teach ourselves, too?
Reminder
Reflexive Pronouns | Rules
Reflexive pronouns are used to refer to a person or thing which receives the action
of the verb (the object).
We use a reflexive pronoun when the object of a sentence is the same person or
thing as the subject.
Important
Reflexive Pronouns and Prepositions
Reflexive pronouns are not used after verbs that refer to things which people
usually do for themselves – unless there is something surprising about the
situation. For example:
• He dresses every morning at 7.30 (this is normal)
• He’s 104 year old and he still dresses himself every morning (this is unusual for
someone who is 104 years old)
EJERCICIO
Look at the example sentences and then complete the grammar rules:
Examples: 1. Why don’t you teach yourself to cook? • 2. They’ve taught themselves, just
by watching online videos and copying them. • 3. Maybe we should try and teach
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only passed
his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Singular
reflexive/emphatic pronouns (used to talk about individual people or things) end in
 “self”.
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only
passed his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Plural
reflexive/emphatic pronouns (used to talk about more than one person or thing) end in
Selves
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only
passed his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Reflexive
pronouns can take the “object” position in a sentence, coming after the main verb.
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only passed
his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Emphatic pronouns
come at the end of a clause, or directly after the noun/pronoun they refer to.
REGLA
Form - Summary
Example
Emphatic Pronouns | Examples
I know you like them but I, myself, hate mushrooms!
Dave only passed his driving test last week, but he drove here himself.
She made it herself!
Reminder
Emphatic Pronouns | Rules
 Emphatic pronouns can come at the end of a clause.
 Emphatic pronouns can come directly after the noun/pronoun they refer to.
 Emphatic pronouns must match the noun/pronoun used as the subject of a sentence.
Example
Reflexive Pronouns | Examples
Why don’t you teach yourself to cook?
They’ve taught themselves, just by watching online videos and copying them.
Maybe we should try and teach ourselves, too?
Reminder
Reflexive Pronouns | Rules
Reflexive pronouns can take the “object” position in a sentence, coming after
a main verb.
Reflexive pronouns must match the noun/pronoun used as the subject of a
sentence.
We can use reflexive pronouns as the object of most transitive verbs (verbs that
always have an object). However, these are very common ones:
• amuse
• blame
• cut
• dry
• enjoy
• help
• hurt
• introduce
• prepare
• satisfy
• teach
Important
Reflexive Pronouns and Prepositions of Place
We normally use personal pronouns, not reflexive pronouns, after prepositions of
place.
For example:
 She had a chair near her.
 He had a few bags with him.
Ejercicio
A. Have you heard from Nadia? Is she coming? J. She just called to say she’s going to be late.
She cut herself while cooking for her mum and needed to go to the doctor.
B. A. Oh no, that’s awful. I hope she hasn’t hurt herself too badly.
C. J. Yeah, I wondered if I should offer to go with her. I hate going to the Doctor, by myself .
A. I’m sure she’ll be OK. Let’s order some food!
D. J. Hey, Nadia! How are you? What have you done to yourself ?
E. N. Oh, I’m OK thanks, I’ll live! I cut myself , but it’s just my finger. Have you already
ordered yourselves something?
F. J. Yeah, we got the XL pepperoni special, but we can’t eat all that by ourselves , we
thought maybe you could help us with it? N. Sounds good!
18 Handling customer complaints
Dealing with Complaints
Audio
[On the phone] After-sales service and complaints department, good morning. Hello?
[To a customer who comes to the counter]…. Just a minute, please, I'll be with you in
a moment.
[On the phone] Yes ... I'm listening. So, a refrigerator that was supposed to
be delivered this morning .... Could you give me your name, please ....? Okay. Oh,
you waited ... I'm really sorry, Mr Granger .... Oh, here it is, I have found your file ....
Apparently, the transporter came but ... there was no one at home ...
Excuse me, I'm in a hurry!
Yes, yes ... I'm coming, my colleague is sick and, er ... I'm alone today, sorry for the
wait .... [On the phone] Could you confirm your address, please, Mr Granger ...? Ah
okay, that's it! In your file, it says 6, not 16, Fairmont Avenue .... I'll get in touch with
the delivery driver immediately .... He will contact you to reorganise the delivery.
Sorry about that, Mr Granger .... Goodbye.
Thanks for waiting. Now, what can I do for you?
So ... I bought this Smart TV yesterday and ... it is impossible to connect it to the
Internet! I read the manual carefully; I followed all the instructions but nothing
happened, it doesn't work! Also, I'm really unhappy because I just saw in the store
that the price I paid was more expensive than the price on the price tag!
Right, I can see that ... my colleague who took your payment yesterday did not take
into account the promotion that we have at the moment .... Please accept our
apologies, Ms Jackson ... and ... er ... what I suggest is that we refund the difference
between the price you paid and the promotional price of your television.
Er ... okay, let's do that. But er ... how does the refund work? And ... what are you
going to do about the fact that my TV doesn't work?
I'll explain .... What payment method did you use yesterday?
Er ... I paid ... by credit card.
All right, then, we'll refund the money to your credit card. The money will arrive
directly in your account. And for your television, a technician will check what the
problem is but so as not to keep you waiting, I will exchange it for a new one. Does
this solution suit you, Ms Jackson?
Yes, all right, so ... let's do it like that. But er ... I would still like to make sure that the
television you're selling me works properly.
Don't worry, we sell a lot of these models, all our customers so far have been
satisfied. We haven't had any returns so far. It is possible that the television you
bought is defective, but I can assure you that this is really exceptional.
I'll immediately print a new order form with the price that takes into
account the promotion. Could you please go to the checkout and come back here
with the invoice? Meanwhile, I'll get you a new television from our stock and we'll try
to make it work together. Does that suit you?
Yes, okay, but I don't want to queue again, I've wasted enough time as it is!
That won't be necessary, Ms Jackson .... This is the order form, I'll wait for you here.
Perfect ... I have your new television here. Do you mind if I open the box? We
will check that it works, OK?
So just plug in this cable, then, using the remote control, you go to "menu" and select
"Wifi connection". So ... here it asks you for the code. There ... and ... your television
is connected! No problems, it works fine!
All right, very good. Thank you very much.
Ejercicio 2
This conversation takes place in the after-sales service area of a department store.
Ms Jackson is a customer who is unhappy with her purchase .
By the end of this conversation, the employee found solutions to Ms Jackson's
problems .
Ejercicio 3
The after-sales service employee offered
 to refund Ms Jackson the difference between the price she paid and the price
of the television on promotion.
What is Mr Granger's situation?
 The address was incorrect.
Why does Ms Jackson contact the after-sales service?
 The television she bought is not working properly.
Why is Ms Jackson particularly unhappy?

 She paid more for her television than the price shown on the ticket.
What should Ms Jackson do before she gets her new television?
 Go to the checkout and get a new invoice.
What does the after-sales service employee do at the end of the conversation?
 He checks that the new television is working properly.
Ejercicio 5
Peter has still not received the carpet he ordered more than 2 months ago. He is
really unhappy !
The item I received is not the one I ordered. Is it possible to be refunded ?
The store has received several complaints about a defective refrigerator.
The new photocopier is very complicated to use, I don't understand how it works .
If you do not read the manual , you will never understand how this device works.
Ejercicio 6
As my coffee machine broke down and it was still under guarantee, I went to
the after-sales service department of the shop that I bought it from.
To be sure that you are present at the delivery time, it is better to make an
appointment with the delivery person .
When the customer places his order for a product, the salesperson must print
an order form .
Which payment method would you like to use? Bank card, cheque, cash?
Patrick queued for 20 minutes at the checkout before he could pay for his
purchase.
Ejercicio 7
A customer complains that the item he bought is defective, what should you do?
 Check that the item is under guarantee, then offer to repair or exchange it.
A customer complains about an invoicing error. He explains that he was charged for
a more expensive dishwasher model than the one that was delivered to him. What
do you do?
 You refund the difference in price.
A very dissatisfied customer complains because, despite the appointment he made

with the delivery person, the item he ordered was not delivered. What do you do?
 Apologise and then check that there are no errors in his file.
Test
This watch is defective , it is always 5 minutes late.
In our store, we refund all customers who are not satisfied with their purchases.
It's an old telephone but it works fine!
The police received several complaints about the noise from the neighbours.
For each purchase by telephone, it is necessary to print an order form
I queued for an hour before I could enter the concert hall.
I lost the manual for my new oven.
Peter was unhappy that he had not been invited to Mary's birthday party.
We will deliver your wardrobe today between 11am and 1pm.
This store offers new promotions every month.
We checked that the room was available before organising the meeting.
In France, cheques are still widely used as a payment method .
We no longer have this item in our store but there may be some left in our
warehouse stock .
We offer a 10% discount off the price indicated on the price tag .
It is an old model and we no longer sell it.
Twelve cars can be delivered together to any car dealer in today's heavy-
duty transporters .
I can't stay for coffee, I'm in a hurry .
The delivery person assured me he'll be here in less than an hour.
In the event a defect is found, please contact our after-sales service .
Make sure you haven't forgotten anything before you leave.
I've lost the garage door remote control again.
It is risky to buy something from this store because it does not accept returns .
Could you please go to the checkout to pay for your purchases?
If it suits you, we'll start on Monday.
Please don't lose the guarantee , you may need it.
The sales person forgot to give me the invoice .
The customer's telephone number should be added to the customer's file .
You should always take into account the customers' needs.
Our delivery driver is late because of traffic.
Remember to plug in the data projector when you arrive in the room.
Could you come to this checkout here, please? Then I can take your payment .
Parte 2 – Lección 18
Suggesting a Solution - Faulty Goods
Melanie Davies has bought a new coffee-making machine from Rowentras Ltd.
Unfortunately the machine is faulty!
She contacts the Rowentras Customer Services Department to make a
complaint and to find out how she can get the machine repaired.
S.: Rowentras Customer Services, Sharon speaking, how may I help you?
M.D.: Hello. My name’s Melanie Davies. I’ve got a problem with a Rowentras coffee-
making machine that I bought a couple of weeks ago.
S.: One moment, Mrs Davies. I'll put you through to the aftersales department and
they should be able to help you. Hold the line please.
K.: Rowentras AfterSales Centre, Kate speaking. How may I help you?
M.D.: Oh hello, my name’s Melanie Davies. A couple of weeks ago I bought a coffee-
making machine from your company. Unfortunately the coffee is lukewarm and there
are other problems with the machine too.
K.: Could you please let me have the name of the shop where you purchased the
coffee maker and the machine reference number?
M.D.: Yes, of course. I bought it from the Dover branch of Dixons.
K.: Ok. Could you tell me what type of machine it is please?
M.D.: It’s an expresso LT 545.
K.: Ok. So basically what you’re saying is that the coffee isn’t warm enough.
M.D.: Yeah, that’s right and on top of that the machine leaks, even though it says on
the packaging that it doesn’t leave any stains.
K.: Are you sure that you have screwed the different parts together properly?
M.D.: Yes, and I’ve been back to the shop where I bought the machine and they told
me that I should get in touch with you.
K.: I see. So the machine has already been inspected by someone from the shop?
M.D.: Yeah, that’s right.
K.: Right, you’ve got two options. You can either take the coffee machine back to the
shop together with the invoice and guarantee, or you can send everything back to
us.
M.D.: So you’re saying that I have to go back to the shop again?
K.: I’m afraid so, that’s the only way to solve the problem.
M.D.: Well I suppose if there’s no alternative, then I’ll go back to the shop. How long
will the repairs take?
K.: I can’t say exactly, Mrs Davies. First we’ll have a look and see what’s wrong with
the machine. If it can be fixed, then you’ll receive a phone call from our Technical
Services Department and they will tell you when you can come to pick the
machine up again. If it can’t be repaired, then a voucher will be sent to you which will
entitle you to a new coffee maker of the same type.
M.D.: Will that be next week or will I have to wait longer?
K.: It’s our company policy to solve all problems within ten working days.
M.D.:I really do hope that everything is sorted out as soon as posible
K.: We'll do our best.
M.D.: OK, thanks a lot for your help. K.: You're welcome. Have a nice day!
Ejercicio 2 AUDIO
Listen and decide whether each statement is correct or incorrect.
 False
 True
Ejercicio 3
She contacts the Rowentras Customer Services Department to make a complaint .
Hold the line , please.
Could you please let me have the name of the shop ?
They told me that I should get in touch with you.
A voucher will be sent to you which will entitle you to a new machine.
I really do hope that everything is sorted out as soon as possible.
I really do hope that everything is sorted out as soon as possible. - We'll do our
best.
One moment, Mrs Davies. I'll put you through to the Aftersales department.
Could you please let me have the name of the shop where you purchased the
coffee maker and the machine reference number ?
I can't say exactly . First we'll have a look and see what's wrong with the machine.
Could you please let me have the name of the shop where you purchased the
coffee maker and the machine reference number ?
Yeah, that's right and on top of that, the machine leaks.
I'll put you through to the aftersales department and they should be able to help
you. Hold the line please .
One moment , Mrs Davies. I'll put you through to the Aftersales department.
So basically, what you're saying is that you would like to work flexi-time.
Unfortunately the coffee is lukewarm and there are other problems with the
machine too.
If it can be fixed , then you'll receive a phone call from our Technical Services
Department.
They will tell you when you can come to pick the machine up again .
I'll put you through to the aftersales department and they should be able to help
you. Hold the line please.
Steve speaking , how may I help you ?
If it can't be repaired, then a voucher will be sent to you.
Unfortunately the machine is faulty .
And the date of purchase ? - I bought it on October 1st 2003.
She contacts the Rowentras Customer Services Department to make a
complaint and to find out how she can get the machine repaired.
They told me that I should get in touch with you.
I really do hope that everything is sorted out as soon as possible. -
We'll do our best .
Present Perfect Continuous – Part 3

Ejercicio 1 – Audio
Anna and Nadia are speaking.
They are
 meeting clients.
 working from home.
 in the office.
They are talking about
 jobs and work.
 plans for the evening.

 reading and their favourite books.
At the moment Anna isn't very happy with her job because she's so busy.
Nadia finished reading the MegaTech report.
Nadia did not finish reading the Cyberslit report.
Anna tells Nadia
 the length of time she spent calling customers.

 the number of customers she called.
Anna tells Nadia
 the length of time she spent emailing customers.
 how many customers she emailed.
Sara
 always works from home (this is a permanent situation).
 doesn't always work from home (this is a temporary situation).
Anna started doing her job a long time ago .
Ejercicio 4
DIALOGUE: A. Have you been working here for a long time? B. No, I haven't. A. I've
been working in marketing since I left university five years ago, but I've only been
doing this job for two months. B. Sara hasn't been working here for long either. A.
Really? B. Yeah, but she's not been working long at all. She's only 19. • Grammar
rule: we use this structure to make POSITIVE present perfect continuous
statements:
 subject + has/have + been + verb (-ing form)
rule: we use this structure to make NEGATIVE present perfect continuous
statements:
 has/have + subject + been + verb (-ing form)

 subject + has/have + not + been + verb (-ing form)

rule: we use this structure to make present perfect continuous QUESTIONS:
 (question word) + has/have + subject + been + verb (-ing form)

 subject + has/have + not + been + verb (-ing form)
rule: we usually use contractions (I've, she's, etc.) when speaking.
rule: there are two ways of using contractions in negative statements.
rule: use a short form answer ("Yes, I have." / "No, I haven't.") when replying to
direct questions.
Ejercicio 5
Hurry up! You have been writing (write) that email for hours!
The printer has not been working (not work) at all this week - it's still broken.
How long has the customer been waiting? (customer/wait) He looks quite angry!
Sara's been working (Sara/working) here for just a few weeks and she goes back to
university on Friday.
You haven't been listening (you/not/listen) to anything I've said!
Have you been learning (you/learn?) about the present perfect continuous today?
Yes, I have. (Positive short answer) I love it.
Ejercicio 7
A: Hmm, a little. But I’ve been thinking (I/think - unfinished action) about what you
said.
N: What did I say? A: You know, about looking for a new job. N: Oh, yes, of course!
And...? A: Well, I’ve been looking (I/look - unfinished action) at job vacancies.
N: And, have you found anything (you/find anything - focus on result)?
A: No. I’ve not been having (I/not/have - continuing situation) much success.
N: Well, what have you been doing (what/you/do - continuing situation)?
A: Er, well, I’ve been checking (I/check - period of time) the newspaper all week.
N: OK. Anything else? A: Oh, and I ’ve made an appointment (make/appointment -

finished action) to see the agency that got me this job. That’s next Tuesday.
N: Right, have you registered (you/register? - finished action) with any agencies
online? You can register with lots of them in a few hours. A: No, not yet. Could you
recommend any? N: Yes, of course! I’ll email you a list of the good ones when I get
back to my desk. OK? A: Thanks so much. I really appreciate it!
Phrasal Verbs 1 – Parte 4

Marco is
 Nadia's boss.
 applying to be a marketing assistant.
 Nadia's colleague.
Marco and Nadia discuss
 hiring a new employee.
 starting an advertising campaign.

 starting a new business.
Marco is a recruitment professional.
Ejercicio 2
“take something on” : to recruit / hire / employ.
"take off" : become very successful.
"take up" : accept an offer.
"turn up" : appear or arise.
"turn down" : decline an offer.
Ejercicio 4
Phrasal verbs can take this pattern: subject + verb + object + particle. An example of
this is:

Phrasal verbs can also take this pattern: subject + verb + particle + (preposition)
object. An example of this is:

Another phrasal verb pattern is: subject + verb + particle. An example of this is:

Object pronouns must go between the verb and the particle (e.g. "I'll call you
back."’).
Ejercicio 5
When did Lukas move on ?
What time should I call you back ?

Make sure you check them out .
Let's see if we can get someone in for 2 days a week .

Can you look into that customer complaint ?
We don't have any more paper! We have totally run out !
Ejercicio 7
N. You look stressed! Whats up? J. I need to go over my
application before sending it in.
N. Oh OK, I can help you with that tomorrow if you like. J. But the deadline's in 45
minutes! I need to phone a customer back before 6.00 too, and I've nearly run out of
time . N. Wow, I'd better leave you to it. Good luck!
N. Hi Jack! Any news on that job you applied for? J. Yeah, they just called to say that
they've finished drawing up the shortlist and they'd like to interview me.
N. Well, that took ages! But congratulations!! J. Apparently they had to go through
over 100 applications .
N. That seems like a lot of work, just to bring in one extra person.
J. Yeah, and I'm not sure if I'd even take up the job if they offered it - they seem
really disorganised.
For the attention of the Human Resources Director.
Following your letter of 15th October,...
I would like to share with you my lack of understanding.
With this letter, I would like to raise your awareness regarding the
significance of the issue.
In anticipation of your valued response, please accept my kindest
regards .
Put the sentences in the right order as they would appear in a
letter. Madam
Put the sentences in the right order as they would appear in a letter. Following
our conversation.
Put the sentences in the right order as they would appear in a letter. I would like
to ask for your help
Put the sentences in the right order as they would appear in a letter. I look
forward to receiving a positive response
 Put the sentences in the right order as they would appear in a letter. Please
accept my best regards.
 Put the sentences in the right order as they would appear in a letter.
Robert Muret
 Link the text to the image.

 the abbey
 the signposted trail

 the fishing
 the crafts
 the field
 the river
 the alley
sinonimos
 to delight to please
 appeal charm
 disappointment petition
 consternation surprise
 consecutive successive
We have followed a signposted trail which has led us to a beautiful

valley.
This actress appears on the poster of the film.
Our company was elected "best employer of the year" for four
consecutive years.
Following your letter of March 15, I'm sending you information on our
products.
He deserved to win because he had worked the most to get this far.
In summer, I like to wander around the park.
The seller offered her dozens of watches, she was spoiled for choice .
Your gift has delighted me.
He has shared his projects with us.
This school was founded in 1951.
An agent is at your disposal around the clock to respond to any
questions or concerns.
In our centre, you will be able to devote yourself to many sports.
We visited an abbey dating from the eleventh century.
You could see the disappointment on his face.
Besides her suitcase, she carried a large travel bag.
The carpenter was making beautiful furniture in his workshop .
It's the monks who produce this beer.
I always flip through a book before buying it.
One can still admire Roman remains in the region.
His suprising announcement caused bewilderment .
We brought back some pieces of local crafts .
She had become aware of the fact that competition will be fierce.
In spite of the accident, my watch remained intact
He loves fishing when he's on vacation.
We are circulating a petition to support our colleague, who has been a

victim of unfair dismissal.
This piece of news has plunged all the employees into dismay
I hired a guide to show me around Provence.
We don't want to miss potential contracts with this customer.
The main attraction of the city is its architecture.
EJERCICIOS DEL 20
O1
Video.
Better transport link, better public transport, buses, trains, things that run 24
hours,
I mean if we eliminate it, make it convenient and affordable for people…

I mean these are obvious solutions but we need investment in public transport.
I think our modern lives do not revolve around a 9 to 5 clock anymore and
we just need better links.
Well as you can see the street obviously is quite quiet, so it's not a
bother to drive in quiet roads like this.
But when you get into city centres, then, you know, you get obvious traffic
jams and headaches.
and obviously there's quite a few incidents of road rage.

I think it's never going to be an effective solution
because people are not prepared to give up the convenience of their private
cars.
I think the legislation and congestion charges could be the way forward.
it's really control via people's wallets.
And in a certain sense I don't think it's a terrible thing if car-

drivers subsidise public transport to some extent.
because they're also benefitting from empty roads and easier parking access.
I think as regards congestion in cities or rather the problem of transport in
cities... the best thing would be simply to ban the private car.
Other ideas like having a sort of charge, a sort of toll or like in London at
the moment the congestion charge is OK but it's very complicated.
and some people who, perhaps if they are elderly, or handicapped will
need to be able to use some kind of private transport.
And so really I don't see any drawbacks or disadvantages, except the fact
that people just like to have the car. It's a habit.
EJERCICIO 1
Listen to the question, then fill in the

blanks. The first letter is given.
They do not revolve around a 9 to 5 o'clock anymore.
Better transport links .
There are incidents of road rage .
Legislation and congestion charges .
Because they benefit from empty roads and easier parking access .
He thinks that private cars should be banned.
EJERCICIO 3
Better public transport means better links, buses and trains running 24
hours.
It's not a bother to drive in quiet roads, but people get very frustrated
in traffic jams.
Thanks to the congestion charge in London, car drivers benefit from
easier parking access.
When public transport becomes more efficient, people will give up the
convenience of their private cars.
The toll they introduced in London is an example of control via
people's wallets.
Our modern lives do not revolve around a 9 to 5 o'clock anymore.
EJERCICO 4
road rage is on the increase as people get very frustrated in traffic
jams.
I heard there had been a big accident, are there any casualties ?
Don't drive too fast, they are carrying out speed checks in the area!
Bus passes are not affordable these days, they should subsidise them
more.
Public transport is very unreliable , trains never run on time.
When a train is too crowded , I just wait for the next one, I hate
standing.
How much do they charge for a daily pass?
I can't take the bus, I have not got any spare change to pay the fare
EJERCICIO 5
Public transport should run 24 hours to be more effective.
People are too selfish to give up the convenience of their private cars.
To avoid congestion in city centres, we need to resort to control via
people's wallets
Trains are not running today. London Underground have gone on
strike again.
The police should carry out more breath tests to improve road safety.
Don't drive to the city centre, you will get caught up in the traffic !
Car drivers should subsidise public transport as they benefit from
empty roads.
If you get caught when you sneak a free ride , you will have to pay a
heavy fine.
Ejercico 5 vocabulario
Affordable, as regards, run late,
it's control via people's wallets
on time
exhaust fumes
obvious
sneak a free ride
casualties
fare
commute
bus pass
go on strike
investment (in)
handicapped
fine
travel card
crash
run (24 hours)
revolve (around)
congestion
toll
convenience
ticket inspector
breath test
get off
truck driver
suburbs
give up
drawback
speed check
subsidise
paying car park
ban
congestion charge
road rage
to some extent
charge
carry out
unreliable
traffic jam
parking Access
crowded
reliable
get caught up in the traffic
city centre
benefit from
headache
transport link
get on
get on
it's not a bother
it could be the way forward
road safety
convenient
O2 YA ME SALIO HECHO, PORQUE YO YA TENIA HECHO EL NUMERAL 1
Listen to Anna and Louise's conversation, then complete the sentences

below. Good luck!
EJRCICIO 1
Louise is Anna's
 director.
 boss.
 friend.
Anna and Louise are talking about
 their travel plans.
 moving house.
 Anna’s job.
Anna doesn't like being in the office every day.
Anna has been offered a new job
 in a different company.
 in her current company.

Louise doesn't think the job Anna has been offered is better in every
way.
EJERCICIO 03
Examples: 1. CAN & MUST: She can work from home twice a week. -
They can't go for lunch before 12.00. - I must leave at 4.00 today, I
have an appointment. 2. NEED TO: I need you to finish the report
today. - He needs us to finish the report today. - She doesn't need us
to come into the office today. 3. (BE) ALLOWED TO: I'm allowed to
bring my little dog into the office. - Silvia is not allowed to bring her
snake into the office. 4. HAVE/HAS (GOT) TO: I've got to phone 3
more customers before I go home. - He has to meet Mrs Mitchell at
4.15. - Paul doesn't have to finish that now, he can do it later. - Aziz
hasn't got to work this weekend. • Grammar rule: Use the base form
(e.g. "be") of the verb after "can", "must" or "need to".
hasn't got to work this weekend. • Grammar rule: In statements (not
questions) only "need" can be followed by a noun or pronoun.
hasn't got to work this weekend. • Grammar rule: Only "need" has 3rd
person singular "-s" (she/he/it + verb+"s").
hasn't got to work this weekend. • Grammar rule: "be" always comes
before "...allowed to..." and "...not allowed to..." . The subject (I, you,
he, she, etc.) determines which form of "be" is used.
hasn't got to work this weekend. • Grammar rule:
The subject determines whether to use "has" or "have".
hasn't got to work this weekend. • Grammar rule: Use "don't" or
"doesn't" to make the negative forms of "have to" and "need to".
EJERCICIO 04
We can leave early today !

She can't go for lunch until Marie gets back .
I mustn't be late again or I'll lose my job .
I must improve my English .
Emma needs to get a higher paid job .
Ricardo does not need to wake up until 8.30 .
Zhao is allowed to take his work laptop home .
Julia is not allowed to make personal calls during working hours .
He has to unlock the office at 7.30 .
We do not have to work on Sundays .
She has got to check her boss's emails .
I have not got to visit any customers today .
EJERCICO 6
The next day Anna phones Louise to update her on the situation at work.
Complete their conversation.
L. Hello. A. Hi, Lou. I just thought I’d give you a call and let you know about my chat
with the boss. L. Ah, you did it! That’s good. Tell me all about it. A. Well, she told me
I don't need to worry, that she can make some changes to help me.
L. Like what? Will you be allowed to work from home?

A. Yes!! She said I can work from home twice a week.
L. Great, congratulations! A. Thanks. I’ve got to join the team meeting
every morning, but I can do that through a video call with the NEW
LAPTOP she’s giving me.
L. A company laptop? Check you out! Have you got it already? A. Not
yet, I need to collect it from the IT department tomorrow morning.
L. Brilliant! Maybe I can use it while my computer’s being repaired? A.
Sorry, Lou, but I’m afraid you can't. I’m not allowed to use it for
personal stuff.
L. Of course! No worries. So when’s your first day of homeworking? A.
Next week, she wants to tell the rest of the team about it first. L. Ah, so
you’ll have to keep quiet about it?
A. Yeah, she said I mustn’t tell anyone else on the team until she has
spoken to everyone.
L. That sounds fair. Hey, I must go! Baywitch is on TV in a moment
and I don't want to miss it!
A. Cool, thanks again for your advice, Lou. L. No worries. I’m just
pleased you don’t have to drive an extra 4 hours a day! A. Yeah me
too! Anyway, speak soon. Bye mate.
Lección 21
Tema 1
Giving Advice on How to Cope with Stress
Ejercicio 1
video
Ejercicio 2 true o false
1. v
2. v
3. f
4. v
5. f
6. f
Ejercicio 3
"Overnight" means suddenly, very quickly.
"The other way around" means the same thing as vice versa.
"Dependable" means reliable. .
The word "diet" refers to the food that a person or a community eats regularly.
An "outlet" is a means of expressing or releasing emotions.
The word "commute" refers to the trips to and from work. .
Ejercicio 4
the daily commute .
Your In-laws .
looming .
cause you stress.
You call it overwork .
You say that this person is demanding
Ejercicio 5
Work piles up whenever I take a day off, and I feel overwhelmed when I get back.
My boss is very demanding and I have to work long hours to meet his demands.
I don't seem to get enough sleep, as thoughts are whizzing around in my head.
This important report is due next week, I need to get down to work!
If we don't meet this deadline, they won't do business with us anymore!
There was so much pressure, I was shaking with nerves , and I was unable to work!
Tema 2
Discussing Personal Experiences when Dealing
with Stress
Ejercicio 2
1. f
2. v
3. f
4. f
5. v
6. v
Ejercicio 4
Something happened along the way, and I ended up being late.
When I was a student, I used to play scales on the piano to relax.

I don't mind commuting, I am used to it.
I need to get used to their aggressive driving!
Trains are not dependable at all, they are always late!
I need extra time to complete this work, are you sure I can't give it in next week?
Tema 3
Prefixes
Ejercicio 1
Anna and Jack are chatting about work.
Jack is not happy with everything at work.

This is because of a colleague.
Ejercicio 2
That’s good, so you’re not reconsidering your decision?
All that interview preparation takes so long.

Well, he asked me to rewrite a report he'd been working on.
His handwriting’s awful, almost totally
illegible.
Well, she disagreed. She didn’t think it was OK.
He'd totally misunderstood what he was supposed to do.

He's been so unfriendly.
No Jack, that's irrelevant.
An informal chat and apology might work.
Ejercicio 3
Ejercicio 4
We often use ""il" before words starting with “l” (for example, “legal”, ”legible”)
We often use "ir" before words starting “r” (for example, “relevant”, ”responsible”).
We often use "im" before words starting “m” and “p” (for example, “polite”,
”migrant”).
We often use "in" before words starting “c” and “s” (for example, “sensitive”,
”complete”).
There are many exceptions to these rules, for example: “unpack”, “unmarked”,
“unlawful”, “unreal”.
Ejercicio 5
That's totally illegal (legal). You should report it to the police!
You can’t trust him with all that money, he’s so
irresponsible (responsible), he’ll spend it all on clothes and holidays.
Grow up! You’re so immature (mature) sometimes.
I can't do it, it's impossible! (possible)!
I can’t read that, it’s totally illegible! (legible)!
I couldn’t vote for him, he’s an awful man, totally immoral. (moral).
Ejercicio 6
Regla de la gramatica
Ejercicio 7
L. Sorry Mike, can you re turn (again) Ms Thorn’s call? She’s very
un happy (not) about one of our adverts.
M. Sure, what’s the problem? L. She says it contains some in correct
(not) details that are quite mis leading (wrong). She thinks it’s very
dis honest (not) and wants to complain. M. OK, which advert is it?
Ejercicio 8
L. She’s complaining about the new advert, you know the one with the big
fluffy bear that promises a 50% interest rate for new customers. M. What?
The legal team said that would need to be totally re written (again) before
being published. They said the original was completely il legal (not).
L. Yes, but I think she saw the advert when on holiday in Dubai, does that
make any difference? M. Dubai? Oh in that case, get someone from the
inter national (between) team to give her a call back.
Tema 4
Past Perfect Simple
Ejercicio 1
Anna and Jack are discussing entertainment and relationships.
Jack’s talking about something he did in the past.
1. v
2. f
3. v
4. v
Ejercicio 3
Regla de la gramática
Ejercicio 4
Examples: 1. He’d watched Killer Death Cat 2 a few weeks before. 2. I
hadn’t seen Killer Death Cat. 3. Had Marco already seen Killer Death Cat
2? • Grammar rule: we make past perfect positive statements with:
subject + had + past participle verb.
hadn’t seen Killer Death Cat. 3. Had Marco already seen Killer Death
Cat 2?
• Grammar rule: we make past perfect negative statements with: subject
+ had + not + past participle verb.
2? • Grammar rule: we make past perfect questions with: had + subject
+ past participle verb.
2? • Grammar rule: in positive statements the subject pronoun (I, you, he,
etc.) and "had" can be contracted.
2? • Grammar rule: in negative statements “had” and "not" can be
contracted.
Ejercicio 5
Last night the cinema lights came on before the film had finished. I think
someone was really ill.
Sara and I went to work in the morning, and I then got back home at 6.00.
I’m sure Sara had not come back during the day because I had the car.
Why did you decide to watch Killer Death Cat 2? Had you heard it was
good?
We went out for dinner last night because Jack hadn't done the washing
up, and we were too tired to do it.
Can you get some food for Anna? Marco made everyone a delicious
pizza, but we had eaten it before she got here.
Ejercicio 6
Regla de la gramática
Ejercicio 7
A. Hi Marco, how was your weekend? M. OK, I went to the Mega
Screen Cinema with Jack. We watched a film I had seen (I/see) a
few weeks before with Nadia, Killer Death Cat 2.
A. Yeah, Jack said so. Had you been (you/be/?) to Mega Screen
before? Is it any good?
M. No, I had not been (I/no/be) there before, but I’d totally recommend it;
the seats are really comfortable. A. That sounds good, I’ll have to go
there.
Ejercicio 8
M. And how about you, what did you do on the weekend? A. I met Louise
for dinner. I had not seen (I/not/see) her for ages so we had loads to talk
about.
M. Didn’t you see her last month when you were in Madrid? A. Yes, but
we didn’t have much time by ourselves as she’d arranged (she/arrange)
to meet her parents. They’re lovely. Have you met them?
M. Yes, I have. M. Had you met (you/ meet) them before? A. No, that was
the first time – but it would be good to see them again. Her mum’s really
interesting.
DEBATING EDUCATION
EJERCICIO 2
Listen to the sentences and choose the word that fits best.
diverging
hire me
simplistic
we allocate
my favour
EJERCICIO 3
the ballot box
the studio set
the magic wand
EJERCICIO 4
1.- I know a MEAT miraculous solution for getting rid of the stains.
2.- The left HOUG has governed the country for ten years.
3.- I'm not able to SAT solve this issue.
4.- She was very calm and could SEAR serenely answer all of the questions.
5.- He READ risks falling if he approaches the hole.
6.- We cannot buy new equipment, our budget is not sufficient.
EJERCICIO 5
Complete the text using the correct word, its first letter is already given to you.
1.- Last night the viewers saw a political debate . It was obvious that the show's host was
in favour of one of the two candidates . He agreed with him on all aspects. So, the other
politician made a remark. The host denied all bias. So, the politician who felt disadvantaged
said he didn't trust him and he left the studio .
TEST
1. One aim of education is to help young people become productive citizens who are
prepared for the working world.
2. She approached her medical studies with great doubts, but, now, she doesn't regret
her choice.
3. The former president has declared himself in favour of a left-centre coalition.
4. He doesn't have confidence in banks.
5. The conference was completely uninteresting; I gave up after half an hour.
6. Their interpretations of the decision taken by the Government diverged completely.
7. After voting in the booth, you must deposit your ballot paper in the ballot box.
8. Our company offers the guarantee of a long-lasting product.
9. It's a miracle ! He managed to save a child from the fire.
10. We cannot solve this problem with a stroke of a magic wand.
11. The liberal party has been governing for five years.
12. The last presidential election had a record rate of abstention.
13. He denies having taken part in the acts attributed to him.
14. This week, there were three famous actors on the studio set of the show that's
dedicated to cinema.
15. This tradesman applies astronomical prices.
16. They discussed the question of naturalisation for a long time.
17. Nowadays you can find very good educational games.
18. They managed to speak peacefully to each other and they were thus able to settle their
disagreement.
19. In his speech, he agreed that programmes aimed at preserving wildlife and biodiversity
in the region needed more funding.
20. The budget that Europeans spend on holidays is increasing.

21. It is necessary to embrace the problem in its entirety.
22. Even if it rained, he would go for a walk alone.
23. Let's not leave now, we risk being caught in the rain.
24. We must solve this problem as soon as possible.
25. She hired a secretary to accommodate the customers and to answer the phone.
26. The President's divorce was one of the major events of the campaign.
27. In your opinion , who will win the elections?
28. More than one million viewers watched the political debate on the public network.
29. They had a debate on which player was the best in the championship.
30. I will never vote for him, his ideas are just too simplistic .
31. The funds allocated for medical research are insufficient.
PASSIVE FORMS
1.- The recording was
a private phone call.
a news report.
an advertisement for Huddersfield Zoo.
2.- The recording focuses on
endangered species of animals.
an animal attack.
farming in Norfolk and Essex.
A number of animals were hurt.
A team of vets sedated the escaped rabbit.

(T) (F)
We do not know who took the dead elephant to the morgue.
(T) (F)
A shrew is watching a medical team.
(F) (T)
Zoo authorities damaged the roof of the rabbit hutch.
(T) (F)
A shark was among the animals that were injured by the rabbit and is being monitored in
the intensive care unit.
(F) (T)
Refer to the example sentences and complete the grammar rules. Examples: (a) The roof
had not been repaired after a previous incident. (b) Had the elephant been taken to the
morgue? (c) Security had recently been improved by the Zoo authorities.
Positive statements can be made with: subject + to be + past participle + rest of sentence.
Negative statements can be made with: subject + to not be + past participle + rest of
sentence.
Statements can be turned into questions by moving the subject after "by" the first auxiliary
verb .
The thing or person responsible for the action is introduced with an auxiliary verb ‘by’ .
The zoo management was accused of incompetence .
The lion will be released on Wednesday .
The rabbit has been sedated by vets .
The been repaired had enclosure not .
The enclosure had not been repaired .
The zoo keeper is being interviewed by journalists .
Where have the injured animals been sent ?

Complete the conversation with the suggested words and verb tense in the passive voice.
A. What’s wrong with you?
M. My car’s been stolen! (my car/steal – present perfect) I’m waiting for the police to
come over now.
A. Oh no! Did you see it happen? Was there any CCTV?
M. Unfortunately not. There is a camera in the carpark, but it’s broken. They promised
that it’ll be fixed (it/fix – future simple) next week, but that’s no good to me now, is it!
A. What did the police say? Did they have any news about the car? Has it been found?
(it/find/? – present perfect)
M. No, they just gave me a reference number.
A. Well that’s not much help, is it?
M. Actually, the insurance claim can’t be processed (insurance claim/can/not/be/process

- present simple) without it, so it is kind of important.
A. I guess so. Well I hope you get it soon.

EJERCICIO 23
MAKING AN ANNOUNCEMENT
Intensive
Worry
to be silent
get by
EJERCICIO 2
 university
 faculty
 renowned

 application
 enlighten
 to postulate
 secrecy
 announcement
 confidential
 decision
 knowledge
 choice
 renowned
 knowledge
 reputation
EJERCICIO 3
Spanish people who live in Northern Europe often miss the sun.
It's not worth going any more everyone has already left .
She blames me for not having warned her .
They were not aware of his problems .
It would be reasonable to listen to the relevant arguments that he gives
you .
EJERCICIO 4
She submitted an allowance request to the region.
His failure disappointed his parents a lot.
He applied for a director position.
They granted me an additional payment delay.
Can you enlighten us? We do not understand the difference between
these two products.
EJERCICIO 5
My two colleagues always have secrets together.
He was not informed that we had moved.
Champagne enjoys an international reputation
We are pleased to inform you that your application has been successful.
Your decision is not reasonable ; you should take the time to reflect.
I think that it's not worth the trouble
His great-grandmother was a pioneer of the feminist movement.
This briefing should enlighten me.
His arguments have convinced everyone.
He received a scholarship to write a thesis abroad.
The secret to success is perseverance.
He was disappointed not to have seen him before his departure.
We will go to the beach provided that it doesn't rain.
She attended a conference on new technologies.
She submitted a transfer request.
She was mad with her brother to have left without saying goodbye.
Either we eat at the restaurant, or we order a pizza.
He worried , not seeing her returning.
She granted me extra time to finish this work.
Your remark is relevant , we should develop this point.
They made the announcement of their marriage during the Christmas
dinner.
He manages to play tennis rather well.
She studied at the Faculty of Medicine of the Louvain-la-Neuve
University.
I have applied for an assistant position at the Ministry of Finance.
He had to do intensive work to achieve his goal.
ADVERBS (TYPE & POSITION)

EJERCICIO 1
Louise is Max's
 friend.
Louise and Max are

 talking to Nadia.
 discussing a recent game of tennis.
 making plans.
They don't talk about
 a friend's birthday.
 sport.
 Louise's studies.
EJERCICIO 2
Adverbs like “here” or “nowhere” help explain where something
happened.
Adverbs like “really” or “very” help explain the extent to which something
happened.
Adverbs like “quickly” or “kindly” help explain the way in which
something happened.
Adverbs like “always” or “never” help explain how often something
happened.
Adverbs like “unfortunately” or “luckily” summarise whole
sentences/situations.
EJERCICO 3
Examples: Do you want to come and play tennis later? • We could meet
here.• He’ll be really pleased to see Nadia too. • If I collect that quickly
from the library. • Yeah, but you’re always studying.• Unfortunately, I’ve
already arranged to meet Marco for pizza. • Grammar rule: Adverbs of
time are often positioned either before the verb or at the end of the
sentence.
place are often positioned either after the object of the sentence
or after the verb.
degree are often positioned before the word they modify.
manner are often positioned after the direct object of the sentence. If
there is no object, these adverbs are positioned after the verb.
frequency are often positioned before the verb (but after the verb “to
be”).
summary are often positioned at the start of a clause.
EJERCICIO 4
Jack: Hi Louise, are we still playing tennis this afternoon ? Where are
you?
Louise: Yes, Jack. But I’ve got to meet Max at the library first.
 That’s where I am right now.
Jack: When are you supposed to be meeting him? Louise: He should

have been here ten minutes ago. I really hope he’s not much longer.
He isn't usually late . I’m sure he’ll be there soon. Anyway there’s no
rush; Nadia’s already here so we can play together until you get here.
EJERCICIO 5
Max: Hi Louise! Sorry,
 here have you been waiting long?

 have you here been waiting long?
 have you been waiting here long?
Louise: Er, yeah. For twenty minutes, in the rain. Max: Eh? I thought you
were going to text me when you got here. I was waiting to hear from you
before coming out. Louise: Hmm, no. I definitely don’t remember
saying that. Anyway, did you get the book you needed?
Max: Luckily, Marco kindly lent me his copy, so I’ll read that when I get
home. Louise: So, you didn’t even need to go to the library? Honestly!
You could have let me know!
EJERCICIO 6
Do you want to watch a film tonight ?
Let's go somewhere nice .
I'm really hungry. Let's get something to eat
Make sure you drive carefully !
We never go shopping anymore .
Luckily, I found your keys in the road
Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses

EJERCICIO 1
Anna has been
 to her local hospital.

 to a demonstration.
 shopping.
Anna saw a politician there.

Mike didn't go to the demonstration.
EJERCICIO 2
The demonstration was not advertised on posters.
 (T)
 (F)
Mike knew everyone at the demonstration.
 (T)
 (F)
Suzie Patel is busy working for the government, trying to save the hospital and improve the
housing situation.
 (F)
 (T)
Suzie Patel has recently left her government job.
 (F)
 (T)
Lots of politicians are famous for trying to save the local hospital.
 (F)
 (T)
Suzie Patel is mainly working on housing problems.
 (F)
 (T)
EJERCICIO 3
Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b) They live in a
house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years. (c) They’re the
people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the people (who/that) she met
at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to an area where there are fewer
tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came here today is not important. Defining
relative clauses usually come directly after the noun being defined.
tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came here today is not important. Defining
relative clauses are not separated from the rest of the sentence by
brackets or commas.
tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came here today is not important. The
relative pronoun (who/which/why/there/that) can define the subject or
object of the verb.
tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came here today is not important. We do
not have to use a relative pronoun, if it is the object of the verb.
tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came here today is not important. We do
not use personal pronouns or nouns in relative clauses that have a
relative pronoun referring to the same thing.
tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came here today is not important. We
can use “that” instead of who, whom or which.
EJERCICIO 4
Did you hear that story on the news today about the Paris climate
agreement? Maybe. Do you mean the agreement which the US pulled
out of?
Yeah, that’s it. Do you know what's happening with that now? Well I think
most of the other countries are going to continue with it , which is good
news. Yeah, I hope so.
EJERCICIO 5
Have you decided who you’re going to vote for? No. Well I was going to
vote for Gary Garage, the leader of the Union Party. Garage..? Ah, he’s
the politician who was arrested for corruption last week, right?
That’s right, he put £2 million of local schools’ money into his person bank
account , which shouldn’t be too surprising.
And that’s the guy - you were going to vote for? Oh dear.
EJERCICIO 6
Examples: (a) Mike’s mother, who lives in Birmingham, has never voted.
(b) My friend Anna, who I used to work with, has just written a best-selling
novel. (c) Suzie Patel, who spoke at the demonstration, is a well-known
politician. (d) We met outside the old library, which had shut years ago.
(e) I've just come back from the city centre, where the main part of the
demonstration took place. (f) I just met a politician called Suzie, whose
main interest is making housing more affordable. Relative
pronouns must be included in non-defining relative clauses.
main interest is making housing more affordable. Other
pronouns cannot be replaced with "that."
main interest is making housing more affordable. Comma(s) are
always to separate the non-defining relative clause from the rest of the
sentence.
Future Perfect
EJERCICIO 1
Flo and Mike are
 related.
Flo and Mike are discussing
 future plans.
Flo and Mike already have some other plans for Saturday morning.
Flo and Mike don't know exactly when all their arrangements will finish.
EJERCICIO 2
Flo will be home at 11.30 on Saturday morning.

 (T)
We know exactly when Flo will leave football practice.
 (F)
Flo will leave football practice sometime before 11.30 on Saturday morning.
 (T)
Mike will be in a meeting at 9.30 on Saturday morning.
 (F)
Mike’s meeting will finish before 9.30 on Saturday morning.
 (T)
Mike does not say exactly when his meeting will finish.
 (T)
EJERCICIO 3
Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you need the
computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have got back
from soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back home by
11:30? • Grammar rule: We make positive statements with: subject + will +
have + past participle verb + time.
Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you need
the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have got
back from soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back
home by 11:30? • Grammar rule: We make negative statements with:
subject + will + not + have + past participle verb + time.
Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you need
the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have got
back from soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back
home by 11:30? • Grammar rule: We make questions with: (question
word) + will + subject + have + past participle verb + time.
Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you need the computer?
I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have got back from soccer practice by
then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back home by 11:30? • Grammar rule: Introduce
specific points of time with
 "by".
Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you need the computer?
I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have got back from soccer practice by
then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back home by 11:30? • Grammar rule: Introduce
periods of time with
 "in".
EJERCICIO 4
F. Can I change the channel? Bake Up is on soon. M. I’m watching this
programme at the moment. Can you watch it on the TV upstairs? F. No,
Dad’s watching football at the moment and it won’t have
finished (it/not/finish) in time. Bake Up starts at 9.30.
M. Oh that’s OK, it’s only 9.15 now. This will have finished in (this/finish)
10 minutes. F. Cool, thanks.
EJERCICIO 5
I will have finished my studies (I/finish) in three years.
We won’t have finished (we/not/finish) making dinner by 6.00.
Mike will have gone (Mike/go) home by then.
Will you have finished (you/finish) those reports by 5.00?
What will she have learned (what/she/learn) to do?
EJERCICIO 6
M. I’ll come over after work and help you get ready for the party if you
like. F. That might be a bit late. We will have done (we/do) everything
by then.
M. Everything? Will you have picked (you/pick) up the cake? F. Oh no! I
forgot about that. Would you mind picking it up from the cake shop? M.
No worries, leave that with me.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

EJERCICIO 1
Flo and Jack are
 in an interview.
Jack talks about the length of his studies.
The dates (points in time) mentioned by Jack are in the
 future
EJERCICIO 2
Jack has a corporate finance diploma.
 (F)
Jack (will hopefully) get his corporate finance diploma in June.
 (T)
From start to finish, Jack expects his diploma to take 3 years.
 (T)
Jack has been working at ErasTech for 4 years.

 (F)
Jack has been working at ErasTech for 3 years and 11 months.
 (T)
EJERCICIO 3
Examples: (a) How long will you have been studying for? • (b) When I
graduate in June, I will have been studying for three years. • (c) Next
month, I’ll have been working here for four years. • (d) Assuming I got the
job, I won’t have been actively working in finance for long. • Grammar
rule: Examples: (a) How long will you have been studying for? • (b) When
I graduate in June, I will have been studying for three years. • (c) Next
rule: We make positive statements with: subject + will have been + verb
(-ing) + (period).
rule: We make negative statements with: subject + will not have been +
verb (-ing) + (period).
rule: We make questions with: (WH- question word) + will + subject (+
not) + have + been + verb (-ing).
Examples: (a) How long will you have been studying for? • (b) When I graduate in June, I
will have been studying for three years. • (c) Next month, I’ll have been working here for
four years. • (d) Assuming I got the job, I won’t have been actively working in finance for
long. • Grammar rule: Time clauses (e.g. “Next month”, “when I graduate in June”) can
 go at the beginning or end.

rule: Use "for" to introduce the duration of time (e.g. "2 years" or "a long
time").
EJERCICIO 4
I’ll have been working here for (I/work/here) 20 years by the time I retire.
They’ll have been waiting for (they/wait) 20 minutes by the time you get
here.
How long will you have been living (you/live) here by the time your
children leave home and go to university?
They won’t have been studying (they/not/study) for more than 6 months
by then.
Let’s all get a coffee when Anna arrives. She’ll have been
driving (she/drive) for a few hours by then and will probably be tired.
EJERCICIO 5
A. How long will you have been living (you / live) in New York, by the
time you leave in April?
M. In April, I will have been living here for (I/live/here) 2 years.
A. You must have learned a lot, living and working in another country for
so long. M. Well I won’t have been working (I/not/work) for the whole
time. I’m going to travel around for the last 6 months. A. That sounds
amazing, I’m so jealous!
EJERCICIO 6
A. We should go on holiday somewhere when you’re back in December.
M. That sounds good, but I will have been travelling for (I/travel) 6
months then, so I might not be able to afford it.
A. Actually, I’m only starting my job in November, so I won’t have been
working for long by (I/not/work/long) December – or saved much money.
M. Maybe we should do something a few months later then? A. Yeah,
that sounds like a plan. I’ve always fancied visiting Morocco…
24 Visiting a Museum - The Louvre
Ejercicio 03

Feeling
to go to
armour
to be moved
Ejercicio 04
This museum houses many masterpieces .
In matters of taste there can be no disputes .
They are not particularly sensitive to this kind of work .

Most stone sculptures leave me cold .
Ejercicio 05
State whether these sentences are correct or incorrect.
I am particularly sensitive to Baroque paintings. correct

She has sculpted a beautiful painting. Incorrect
She has very strange food preferences. Correct
My preference of predilection is the modern sculpture. Incorrect
I annoy a lot the modern art. Incorrect
Test recapitulativo
He decided to continue his studies abroad.
He has a stamp collection .

I am very sensitive to light, that's why I always wear sunglasses.
The most famous work of Leonardo da Vinci is the Mona Lisa.
He makes ice sculptures .

I'm looking for a colourful painting to hang on the living room wall.
Mona Lisa is the masterpiece of Leonardo da Vinci.
Between Burgundy and Bordeaux, I have a preference for Burgundy.
I have to buy all the ingredients for a birthday cake.
Her clothing tastes are pretty special.

Our neighbours are spying on our every move.
She moved towards the exit without saying a word.
Classical music bores me; I would prefer not to come with you to the concert.
The gastronomy in this particular region is said to be the best in the country.
She is a gourmand and loves to eat.

He fears the cold, so he did not want to come with us.
His words left me cold .
Réunion is a beautiful island.
The carnival is a tradition that is deeply rooted in the area.
The colours of the restaurant are very harmonious .

We have curious neighbours who want to know everything we do.
She never shows her feelings .
She is permanently on the phone, it is very difficult to talk to her.
The joy of sports often moves me.
The artist was very displeased when a critic said that his work was derivative and
unoriginal.
In the square there is a statue of Georges Simenon.

Ernest Hemingway is my favourite author.
Tourist Guide
Ejercicio 02
Two people meeting for the first time.

In this dialogue, Samuel presents Alice with information about interesting places in
his area .
Later, Alice would like to work in collaboration with Samuel.
Ejercicio 03
Which of the following best describes Samuel's neighbourhood?
A trendy, historically interesting neighbourhood.

When does the fountain date from, according to Samuel?
From the second half of the 18th century.
Among the elements presented by Samuel, where can one find a figure of a woman lying
down?
On a sculpture on the fountain.
Why does Samuel mention the city's reservoirs?

Because they can be visited.
The façade on the old butcher's shop is remarkable because it is an example of Italian
design .
What is the anecdote that Samuel tells at the end of the dialogue?
The origin of a street name.
EJERCICIO 05
D
C
E
A
B
EJERCICIO 06
In the nineteenth century , agriculture, farming and work in the vineyards and
forests were the main activities of the village inhabitants.
This colossal white marble statue was commissioned after the death of the Emperor.
This restaurant has been classified as five stars.
Avoid visiting in the summer, when the village is invaded by tourists. It is impossible
to enjoy the place!
In the programme, there is a guided tour to learn how to look at works of art .
EJERCICIO 07
A company that specialises in accommodating tourists is looking for a guide to organise

excursions for children and teenagers. What skill do you value most during the job
interview?
A fun and relatable approach to history, with an ability to entertain and tell anecdotes.
As part of a series of alternative visits, a tourist agency is looking for ideas. What do
you propose?
The discovery of monuments that are little known to the general public.
Test recapitulativo
We will explore the cemetery and tombs, which date from the 17th century.
We suggest you take a small walk to discover the famous Chinese neighbourhood .
In the corridor, you will see a marble statue representing the Republic.
This elegant hotel was formerly a castle.
The sculpture was made up of hand- carved animals and children.
The monument is decorated with two reliefs carved from stone.
The base of this fountain is very nicely decorated.
There are not many restaurants in the area .
A sound and light show will take place in the city's old water reservoir .
This laundry was transformed into a fish pond a few years ago.
Behind this door, there is a narrow staircase that leads to the bedroom.
This brewery specialises in brewing special quality beers.
We will visit a small village that is full of charm .
Discover the cobbled alleys and small lanes.
Brussels is full of UNESCO heritage-listed monuments and buildings.

From the end of the 15th century , competition between states was very intense
across Europe.
This palace is a masterpiece of neoclassical architecture.
Yesterday, the guide told us some fantastic stories about the town hall building.
The buildings and architecture in Paris are themselves a work of art !
Enjoy a romantic cruise on one of the city's canals .
In 1915, the region was invaded by the armed forces of the neighbouring country.
The hotels are classified based on a star system, from 1 to 5 stars.
The building was fully renovated after a fire that occurred in 1977.
I did a fantastic tour of Prague last time I was there.
Here are some trendy bars and cafes in the city centre for you to try.
After the fifteenth century, a transition period at the end of the Middle Ages,
the Renaissance began in France with the reign of King Francis I.
This palace was built in 1406 for the man who was, at that time , the secretary of
the king.
Through the description of the different façades , our guide will show you the
traditional houses of the city.
We will soon pass a fountain where you can fill up your water bottles.
I will tell you a little anecdote about the King's childhood.
In the 19th century, women used pearls to decorate their clothes.
Today, London is a very cosmopolitan city with people from all over the world.
Perfect Forms
EJERCICIO 01
Listen to the recording and complete the following sentences.

Asia Brown is a news presenter.
Most of the stories are about the environment and pollution.
The stories describe situations in the past, present and future.
Estimates suggest that sea levels will have risen by more than 1 metre by the end of
the century.
The princess of Suffolk, who is currently pregnant, had cancelled a public
appearance the day before she announced her pregnancy.
EJERCICIO 02
In the first segment of the news bulletin, the newsreader reports a prediction about
higher sea levels by the end of the current century. To do this, the newsreader uses the
future perfect.
The newsreader also reports that the Princess of Suffolk had cancelled a public
appearance before her pregnancy was announced to the public. To report an event
that happened before another past event, the newsreader uses the past perfect.
In the final news items, the newsreader reports that some health charities campaigned
for new traffic pollution rules to be introduced. However, the resulting new “toxicity
charge” has been described as one of the toughest in the world. The newsreader
reports on this reaction to the toxicity charge by using the present perfect.
All of these examples from the news bulletin describe events, actions or situations
that are connected to other events, actions or situations.
EJERCICIO 04
Look at the example sentences and complete the grammar rules.
Examples: (a) Sea levels will have risen by over a metre by the end of the century.
(future perfect simple) (b) Some health charities have campaigned for the change.
(present perfect simple) (c) The Princess had cancelled a public appearance the
previous day. (past perfect simple) (d) Will you have completed all your exams before
I arrive for my holiday with you? (future perfect) · Grammar rule: we make
the past perfect with: subject + had + past participle.
the present perfect with: subject + has/have + past participle.
the future perfect with: subject + will have + past participle.
I arrive for my holiday with you? (future perfect) · Grammar rule: the subject comes
after the auxiliary verb in questions.
EJERCICIO 05
I have just finished watching the news. (I/just/finish: present perfect simple)
and then I was introduced to Obama! I'd always wanted to meet him.
(I/always/want: past perfect simple)
Why had you wanted to meet him? (why/you/want/?: past perfect simple)
I will have worked here for 3 years in December. (I/work: future perfect simple)
Where have you been? (where/you/be/?: present perfect simple)
When your next contract finishes, how long will you have been here? (how
long/you/be/?: future perfect simple)
EJERCICIO 07
A. What have you been doing? Have you seen the news? M. I’ve only just finished
work so I haven’t had a chance to see it. What’s up? A. Someone has won the big
prize on the lottery! The winning ticket was sold at our local shop!
M. Oh wow, I haven’t checked my numbers yet. Have they already announced the
winner?
A. No! They announced the winning number 20 minutes ago, but the winner still
hasn’t got in touch!
EJERCICIO 08
A. Can you call Nadia when she gets home? She’s working late tonight, but she will
have got back by 7.30.
M. Hmmm, I’ve arranged to watch the football with Madeleine. That’s when it
starts. A. Well, phone her a bit sooner then. She’ll be home by 7.30 at the latest, but
will probably be there sooner. M. Oh yeah, will do.
Cleft Sentences
EJERCICIO 01
Louise is in Rome.
Jack is speaking to Louise on the phone.

Jack doesn't understand everything Louise says the first time she says it.
EJERCICIO 02
The focus is on the person I want to speak to.
The focus is on the person being bumped into.

The focus is on the place I met her.
The focus is on the place which was busy.
The focus is on a specific book.
The focus is on finding the PIN.
a specific book.
the person who said something.
EJERCICIO 05
Rewrite the following sentences as cleft sentences. Introduce the cleft sentence with
the word in brackets “( )”.
We need a break. (what) What we need is a break .
Price is the most important thing for many people. (It's) It’s the price that’s the most
important thing for many people .
Pizza’s my favourite food. (It’s) It’s pizza that’s my favourite food .
I live in a place near Cambridge. (The place) The place where I live is near
Cambridge .
I’ve come here to talk to you. (The reason) The reason why I’ve come here is to talk
to you .
I just called. (It) It was me who just called .
EJERCICIO 07
P. I hear you’ve been travelling around Australia! Wow, did you see many kangaroos?
L. No! (place) It was Austria I was in. I was travelling around Europe.
P. Oh wow, did you go to Berlin? I love it there, I think I could live there. L. Yeah?
(Amsterdam) The city where I’d most like to live is Amsterdam. It’s very cool.
P. Really? I thought (you) it was you who said you wanted a place in the
mountains! That’s hardly Amsterdam, is it?
EJERCICIO 08
P. So have you got any more plans to go travelling? L. Not for a while, although I’d go
tomorrow if I could. P. What’s stopping you? Are you all out of money now? L. Actually,
(university) it’s university that’s the problem – the new semester starts soon, so I’ll
be busy with that.
P. Nevermind. Hey, do you want to come over for lunch next Monday? You can tell me
all about your trip. L. I’d love to, but (time) that’s when uni starts, so I’ll be busy during
the day. But drinks in the evening?
P. (What you said) That’s what I was hoping you would say! Brilliant, I’ll call you to
arrange it on the weekend.
TEMA 25
Reading an Excerpt from a Novel

Ejercicio 02.

She did not know how to get started .
The thank you notes came from all sides .
She made sure we would be seated in the first row .
The children had taken control of the family business .
We did not want to spend the evening with them at all .}
Ejercicio 03
Choose the right definition.

serene
 being very determined to reach one's goals

 being rid of all one's problems
 whose calm comes from inner peace
confused
 undecided
 of great complexity
 missing clarity
hasten
 to decide to do something
 eventually doing something
 to do something in a rush, quickly
put something on
 to take an object along

 to get dressed
 to stand in a queue
a task
 philosophical thought
 small space of a different colour than the surface it is on
 work we must do
ejercicio 03.
Find the synonym of the word in

capitals
Working and earning a good living couldn't be an END in itself.
 conclusion
 objective
The ideas RUSHED in from all sides.
 to contradict oneself
 come
Should he find the KEY to his destiny by himself?
 objective
 meaning
He had a few friends that didn't really MATTER for him.
 to be important to
 count
He quickly REVIEWED his meager achievements
 examine
 remember
ejercicio 05
Fill in the text with the time expressions

below.
two days later - at that time - that day - the following day - at present
On the first of January, she made a good resolution: that day , she
decided to quit smoking. She thought it would be difficult and, at that
time , she had never imagined she would be able to really quit at the
first attempt. the following day , she threw away all the packs she still
had at home. Then, two days later , she sent an email to all her
friends asking them not to offer her cigarettes any more. And it worked!
She hasn't smoked since and, at present , she feels much better!
Test
She remained serene in all circumstances, even when the situation
was extremely stressful.
Before leaving, he always put on his old denim jacket.
When we entered, he was in a strange yoga posture .
His ideas were confused , he didn't know what he should do.
Reading helps me relax after a day's work.
She did not know how to get started with the children.
The compliments came from all sides .
She had made sure that I felt at home.
A famous actor was dining in the restaurant, so my friend hastened to
point him out to me.
She had very meagre chances of winning.
He hasn't found the key to the problem yet.
She had a one-night stand with her secretary.
She's a contemporary artist.
The end justifies the means.
This author always manages to invent captivating stories.
The supporters rushed in from the four corners of the world to attend
the games of their favourite team.
His editor told him to review the draft again and gave him suggestions
on how to improve the main character's development.
They chose their holiday destination randomly by putting their finger
on the world map.
I don't like this restaurant at all .
She is tall, beautiful, intelligent and funny. In short , she is perfect.
It was an object of great futility .
This actor has experienced a tragic destiny .
She gave him a helping hand. He felt indebted and bought her flowers,
gave her chocolates, wrote a letter of thanks, and so on .
He took control of the company's accounts.
After all these emotions, he had to put his ideas in order , so as to
not make any errors.
My grandmother matters a lot to me, she raised me.
He was being given increasingly important tasks .
Talking About Character Traits -

Stereotypes in Films
Ejercicio 02.
Choose the appropriate word.

After finishing our exams, we felt happy and optimistic .
Our teacher is very easy-going , she doesn't mind if we turn up late.
It was very sensible of you to bring your umbrella.
You seem a bit tense today, is there anything the matter?
We need an outgoing person to welcome our foreign visitors.
I like Tom, but he is rather introverted and doesn't easily mix with
other people.
They are such an ill-matched couple: Sebastian is very shy, whereas
his wife is really self-confident .}
You are a bit of a perfectionist , you always want everything to be so
perfect.
Test
He's not passive at all. On the contrary I would say Peter is very active .
This student clearly is lacking self- confidence : he keeps repeating
he is not good at languages.
Her husband is honest and kind but also very boring .
This student clearly is self-confident : he keeps repeating he is doing
well at school.
I like Tom but he's rather pessimistic : he never smiles.
Take a look at your relatives and compare how their attitudes to
life differ from your own.
The last candidate we saw seemed to have very creative ideas. I
think we should take him on in our team.
Imagine a Tarzan that is lazy , weak and nervous.
He had become quite irrational about the idea of getting married.
Take a look at your relatives and compare how their attitudes to life
differ from your own.
You have to be tough to do that kind of work if you don't want to be
beaten.
He is very tense because his boss puts him constantly under
pressure.
It is unreasonable to sell your house at such a low price. Think twice !
The character traits of heroes or heroines have to make them likeable
to us, the readers.
Tom is rather optimistic , he keeps saying that he will pass this year.}
The character traits of heroes or heroines have to make
them likeable to us, the readers.
The company is looking for someone with a rational approach to
dealing with problems.
I'm so happy that you came after so many years.

We are in a strong position to make them obey.
Tarzan is strong, Jane is weak. This is of course a stereotyped image
of man and woman.
Don't talk too loud, otherwise she may start crying because she is
very sensitive
She always relies on her intuition whenever she needs to take
important decisions.
Peter was unhappy that he had not been invited to Mary's birthday
party.
He is narrow-minded when it comes to discussing current social
issues like unemployment and poverty.
He never shows his emotions, he looks insensitive to other people's
problems.
Imagine a Tarzan that is lazy, weak and nervous.
He is open-minded when it comes to discussing current social issues
like unemployment and poverty.
Imagine a private eye who would be lazy, weak and nervous .
When he entered the room she felt an instinctive dislike for him.
He never dares to speak openly, he is very shy for someone of his
age.
He was a great reformer, believing that the needs of society should
override the selfish demands of individuals.
They are such ill-assorted people : Sebastian is quiet and shy,
whereas his wife is really extroverted .
Past Perfect Continuous

Listen to the conversation, then complete the sentences.
Ejercicio 01
Jack is
 visiting his doctor.
 doing exercise.
 a doctor.
Jack has a problem with his
 back.
 arm.
 head.
Ejercicio 02
Listen to the conversation again and decide if the following statements
are true (T) or false (F).
This is the first time Jack has visited a doctor for help with his back.
 (F)
 (T)
Jack was doing special exercises to help his back.
 (F)
 (T)
Jack’s back was improving until he played tennis.
 (F)
 (T)
Jack’s previous back problem got much worse when he played tennis last weekend.
 (T)
 (F)
Jack continued to do exercises everyday, after he played tennis.

 (F)
 (T)
Jack was not complaining much about his back much before he played tennis.
 (T)
 (F)
Ejercicio 04
Complete the grammar rules.
We make positive statements with: subject + had + been +verb (-ing).
We make negative statements with: subject + had + not + been +verb

(-ing).
We make questions with: had + subject + been +verb (-ing).
In positive statements we can contract the
 subject pronoun ("I" / "you" etc.) + “been”.
 subject pronoun ("I" / "you" etc.) + “had”.
 subject pronoun ("I" / "you" etc.) + “have”.
In negative statements we can contract
 “been” + “not”.
 “had” + “not”.
 subject pronoun ("I" / "you" etc.) + “not”.
Ejercicio 05
omplete the past perfect continuous sentences using the words in

brackets "( )".
Had you been exercising (you/exercise) much before the injury?

I’d been going (I/go) to the gym every day, until I hurt my arm.
She hadn’t been taking (she/not/take) good care of herself before she
fell ill.
The ambulance came really quickly, we hadn’t been
waiting (we/not/waiting) for long at all.
I’d been using (I/use) that gym for just a few weeks before I met Anna.
Ejercicio 07
Complete the conversation with the words in brackets "( )" and past
perfect continuous.
J. How are you? Did you have a good weekend? N. Really good, thanks. We finally
went and saw the latest Jonny Pitt film at the cinema. J. How was it? N. Yeah, it was
OK, I suppose. We’d been hoping (we/hope) to watch it for ages though, so I’m glad
we finally did.
Ejercicio 08
Complete the conversation with the words in brackets "( )" and past
perfect continuous.
N. How about you, good week? J. I’m better now, but I wasn’t feeling very well earlier
this week. N. Oh no – I hope you didn’t catch something when you visited on Tuesday.
My sister’s been a bit sick this week. J. I don’t think so, I hadn’t been
feeling (I/not/feel) great since waking up on Monday. I was really tired and achy.
N. Hmmm. What had you been doing? (what/you/do/?) Maybe a bit

too much dancing?
Past Perfect Simple

Ejercicio 01
Listen to Jack and Anna's conversation, then complete the sentences.
Anna and Jack are discussing
 animals and television.

 jobs and health.
 entertainment and relationships.
Jack’s talking about something he
 is doing now.
 is going to do in the future.
 did in the past.
Ejercicio 02
Listen to the conversation again and decide if these sentences are true
(T) or false (F).
Last night Marco watched Killer Death Cat 2 with Jack.
 (F)
 (T)
Marco watched Killer Death Cat 2 for the first time with Jack.
 (F)
 (T)
Marco also watched Killer Death Cat 2 with Nadia.
 (T)
 (F)
Marco and Nadia watched Killer Death Cat 2 a few weeks ago.
 (F)
 (T)
Ejercicio 04
Examples: 1. He’d watched Killer Death Cat 2 a few weeks before. 2. I hadn’t seen
Killer Death Cat. 3. Had Marco already seen Killer Death Cat 2? • Grammar rule: we
make past perfect positive statements with: subject + had + past participle verb.

Cat 2? • Grammar rule: we make past perfect negative
statements with: subject + had + not + past participle verb.

Cat 2? • Grammar rule: we make past perfect questions with: had +
subject + past participle verb.

Cat 2? • Grammar rule: in positive statements the subject pronoun (I,
you, he, etc.) and "had" can be contracted.
Cat 2? • Grammar rule: in negative statements “had” and "not" can be
contracted.
Ejercicio 05
Choose the option that fits best!
Last night the cinema lights came on before the film had finished. I think someone was
really ill.
Sara and I went to work in the morning, and I then got back home at
6.00. I’m sure Sara had not come back during the day because I had
the car.
Why did you decide to watch Killer Death Cat 2? Had you heard it
was good?
We went out for dinner last night because Jack hadn't done the
washing up, and we were too tired to do it.
Can you get some food for Anna? Marco made everyone a delicious
pizza, but we had eaten it before she got here.
Ejercicio 07

Complete the sentences using the words in brackets ( ). Remember to
change the verb tense and add "had".
A. Hi Marco, how was your weekend? M. OK, I went to the Mega Screen Cinema with
Jack. We watched a film I had seen (I/see) a few weeks before with Nadia, Killer
Death Cat 2.
A. Yeah, Jack said so. Had you been (you/be/?) to Mega Screen before? Is it any
good?
M. No, I had not been (I/no/be) there before, but I’d totally
recommend it; the seats are really comfortable. A. That sounds good,
I’ll have to go there.
Ejercicio 08
Complete the sentences using the words in brackets ( ). Remember to

change the verb tense and add "had".
M. And how about you, what did you do on the weekend? A. I met Louise for dinner. I
had not seen (I/not/see) her for ages so we had loads to talk about.
M. Didn’t you see her last month when you were in Madrid? A. Yes, but
we didn’t have much time by ourselves as she’d
arranged (she/arrange) to meet her parents. They’re lovely. Have you
met them?
M. Yes, I have. M. Had you met (you/ meet) them before? A. No, that
was the first time – but it would be good to see them again. Her mum’s
really interesting.
Adverbs (Type & Position)

Ejercicio 01
Listen to Louise and Max's conversation and complete the sentences.
Louise is Max's
 friend.
 tennis coach.
 lecturer.
Louise and Max are
 making plans.
 discussing a recent game of tennis.

 talking to Nadia.
They don't talk about
 Louise's studies.
 sport.
 a friend's birthday.
Ejercicio 02
Listen to the conversation again and complete the following sentences:

Adverbs like “here” or “nowhere” help explain where something
happened.
Adverbs like “really” or “very” help explain the extent to which
something happened.
Adverbs like “quickly” or “kindly” help explain the way in which
something happened.
Adverbs like “always” or “never” help explain how often something
happened.
Adverbs like “unfortunately” or “luckily” summarise whole
sentences/situations.
Ejercicio 04
• Grammar rule: Adverbs of time are often positioned either before the verb or at the
end of the sentence.
Examples: Do you want to come and play tennis later? • We could

meet here.• He’ll be really pleased to see Nadia too. • If I collect that
quickly from the library. • Yeah, but you’re always studying.•
Unfortunately, I’ve already arranged to meet Marco for pizza. •
Grammar rule: Adverbs of place are often positioned either after the
object of the sentence or after the verb.
rules.
• Grammar rule: Adverbs of degree are often positioned before the word they modify.
rules.
• Grammar rule: Adverbs of manner are often positioned after the direct object of the
sentence. If there is no object, these adverbs are positioned after the verb

Grammar rule: Adverbs of frequency are often positioned before the
verb (but after the verb “to be”).

Grammar rule: Adverbs of summary are often positioned at the
start of a clause..
Ejercicio 05

Do you want to watch a film tonight ?
Let's go somewhere nice .
I'm really hungry. Let's get something to eat .
Make sure you drive carefully !
We never go shopping anymore .
Luckily, I found your keys in the road .
Ejercicio 07
Jack: Hi Louise, are we still playing tennis this afternoon ? Where are you?
Louise: Yes, Jack. But I’ve got to meet Max at the library first.
 That’s where I am right now.
 That's right now when I am.

 That's where I right now am.
Jack: When are you supposed to be meeting him? Louise: He should

have been here ten minutes ago. I really hope he’s not much longer.
He isn't usually late . I’m sure he’ll be there soon. Anyway there’s no rush; Nadia’s
already here so we can play together until you get her
Ejercicio 08
Max: Hi Louise! Sorry,
 here have you been waiting long?

 have you here been waiting long?
 have you been waiting here long?
Louise: Er, yeah. For twenty minutes, in the rain. Max: Eh? I thought
you were going to text me when you got here. I was waiting to hear
from you before coming out. Louise: Hmm, no. I definitely don’t
remember saying that. Anyway, did you get the book you needed?
Max: Luckily, Marco kindly lent me his copy, so I’ll read that when I
get home. Louise: So, you didn’t even need to go to the library?
Honestly! You could have let me know!

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INGLES B2

He is working part-time, that's why he is at home two days per week.

Our country has plunged into a deep economic crisis.

She has a lot of experience behind her.

They paid social contributions for forty years.

The unemployment rate has diminished.

They presented their demands to management.

An employee of the company denounced bad working conditions.

He got to the heart of the without wasting time.

I explained my point of view but he didn't agree with me.

The unemployment rate has risen sharply in the last year.

This company is always on the hunt for good workers.

The cashier was new and accidentally overcharged the customer.

She has solid experience in the field of advertising.

We demand an increase of our wages.

They referred to an old story that I had never heard.

She has a law degree and another one in communication.

I transferred three thousand euros to a humanitarian association.

When we found our cat, it was in a deplorable state.

Workers benefit, in certain companies, from complementary health coverage.

The insurance claim was rejected because it was too high.

For her retirement, she receives a good pension.

The country was plunged into an unprecedented crisis.

She has a full-time job as an accountant in a small local company.

He has a part-time job in a cleaning company.

He is competent; moreover he is really kind.

When we criticise him, he turns a deaf ear to us.

In our country, the social security works rather well.

Louise tells Marco about places she plans to visit.

Louise and Marco do not discuss health.

M. So what was so good about - Holland?

M. Was the food OK?

Flo and Mike are

M. Everything? Will you have picked (you/pick) up the cake?

What will you be doing (what/you/do) at 5.00 tomorrow?

A fixed-term part-time job is a precarious job.

Changing the bed linen daily is an indecent luxury.

His remarks were not respectful to his family.

Despite the attacks directed at him, he maintained a very dignified attitude.

This measure is intended to aid people working in the agricultural sector.

The sector's competitiveness should thus be strengthened

Thanks to this measure, the farmers will be remunerated in a decent manner.

She encouraged her parents to renovate the house.

They invest in better performing equipment.

She saved for fifteen years to be able to buy her apartment.

The current government is composed of representatives from three political parties

The management had to take disciplinary measures against the culprits.

In spite of her handicap, she lived in a completely autonomous manner.

He could materialise his project thanks to receiving substantial public aid.

Sustainable development is a major issue in today's world.

He promised to give us a helping hand, we count on him.

The country adopted new legislation on public procurement.

The education reform aims at leveling social discrepancies among students.

The government must be committed to protecting social rights.

They are considering moving abroad.

The French elect a new president every five years.

He managed a ready-to-wear female fashion store.

He doesn't have enough knowledge to really make decisions.