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Full Download PDF of (Ebook PDF) Questioning Gender: A Sociological Exploration 3rd Edition All Chapter
Full Download PDF of (Ebook PDF) Questioning Gender: A Sociological Exploration 3rd Edition All Chapter
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Liberal Feminism
Radical Feminism
Men and Feminism
Sociological Theories of Gender
Gender and the Sociological Imagination
Sex Roles
Interactionist Theories
Sex Categorization
Status Characteristics Theory
Doing Gender
Undoing or Redoing Gender?
Institutional or Structural Approaches
Gendered Organizations
Homophily: A Social Network Approach to Gender
Intersectional Feminist Theory
Putting It All Together: Integrative Theories
Hegemonic Masculinity
Conclusion
Big Questions
Gender Exercises
Terms
Suggested Readings
Works Cited
3 How Do Disciplines Outside Sociology Study Gender? Some Additional
Theoretical Approaches
Psychological Approaches to Gender
Freud
Sex Difference Research
To Research or Not to Research?
The Bottom Line on Sex Difference Research
Queer Theory
Origins in the Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement
Enter Postmodernism/Poststructuralism
Three Key Features of Queer Theory
Gender Theories in Global Perspective
The Colonial Period
The Development Project
What About Women?
Gender and Development
Ecofeminism and the Environment
How Do We Use Theory?
Big Questions
Gender Exercises
Terms
Suggested Readings
Works Cited
PART II. How Are Our Lives Filled With Gender? This section uses an
interactional, micro-level approach to focus on everyday aspects of gender. In this
part of the book, students will begin to see the ways in which gender matters in
their day-to-day lives and how that impact is socially constructed both historically
and globally.
4 How Do We Learn Gender? Gender and Socialization
Sorting It All Out: Gender Socialization and Intersex Children
Genital Tubercles and Ambiguous Genitalia
What Can We Learn From the Stories of Intersex People?
“Normal” Gender Socialization
Some Theories of Gender Socialization
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive-Development Theory
Stages of Gender Socialization
Gender Schema Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory
The Early Years: Primary Socialization Into Gender
Primary Socialization
The One-Child Policy and Gender in China
Doctors Teaching Gender: Intersex Socialization
Doctors and Gender Socialization
Coming Out as Intersex
The Importance of Peer Groups
Peer Groups and Gender Socialization
Varieties of Peer Culture
Learning Gender Never Ends: Secondary Socialization
Learning to Be American: Socialization Through Immigration
What Happens to Gender as We Age?
The Gender of Caregiving and Alzheimer’s
Summing Up
Big Questions
Gender Exercises
What Can You Do? Resources for Social Change
Terms
Suggested Readings
Works Cited
5 How Does Gender Matter for Whom We Want and Desire? The Gender of
Sexuality
Let’s Talk About Sex
Does Sexuality Have a Gender?
Heteronormativity and Compulsive Heterosexuality
A Brief History of Heterosexuality
Sexuality in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Measuring Sexuality: What Is Sexual Identity?
Men as Sexual Subjects
Women as Sexual Objects
Playing the Part? Sexual Scripts
Grinding and Sexual Scripts on the College Dance Floor
Sexuality in Islamic Perspectives
Stabane and Sexuality in South Africa
Violating the Scripts
Men and Abstinence
Women at Female Strip Clubs
Bisexuality: Somewhere in Between
Asexuality
Sexuality and Power: Hetero-privilege in Schools
Nationalism and Heteronormativity
Red = Top; Black = Bottom
Big Questions
Gender Exercises
What Can You Do? Resources for Social Change
Terms
Suggested Readings
Works Cited
6 How Does Gender Impact the People You Spend Your Time With? The
Gender of Friendship and Dating
Love, Inside and Outside the Family
Defining Friendship
My Friend Jane Versus My Friend Joe: Who’s Better at Being Friends?
Friendship in Historical Perspective
Gender Differences in Friendship
Child Rearing, Social Networks, and Friendship
Gender Similarities in Friendship: Are Women and Men Really All
That Different?
Friendship in Global Perspective
Choosing Your Friends
Families of Choice
The Rules of Attraction
Courtship to Dating: A Brief History
Hookups and Friends With Benefits
Romantic Love in Cross-Cultural Perspective
The Gender of Love
Summing Up
Big Questions
Gender Exercises
What Can You Do? Resources for Social Change
Terms
Suggested Readings
Works Cited
7 How Does Gender Matter for How We Think About Our Bodies? The
Gender of Bodies and Health
A Brief History of Bodies
The Beauty Myth
Beauty and Gender Inequality
Exporting the Beauty Myth
The Problem With Bodies
Eyelids and Empowerment: Cosmetic Surgery
Race and the Beauty Myth
Is Beauty Power?
Men and Body Image
The Importance of Being Tall
Masculinity, Puberty, and Embodiment
Gender and Health: Risky Masculinity and the Superman
Is Masculinity Bad for Your Health?
Women, Doctors, Midwives, and Hormones
Eugenics, Sterilization, and Population Control
Throwing Like a Girl
Big Questions
Gender Exercises
What Can You Do? Resources for Social Change
Terms
Suggested Readings
Works Cited
PART III. How Is Gender an Important Part of the Way Our Society Works?
This portion of the text focuses on how gender permeates various institutions in
society. Working at the institutional, macro level, these chapters are concerned
with how gender operates as a system of power and reinforces inequality.
8 How Does Gender Impact the People We Live Our Lives With? The
Gender of Marriage and Families
Something Old, Something New
A Brief History of Marriage
Antony and Cleopatra: The Real Story
So What Is Marriage, Then?
The Demographics of Marriage
All the Single Ladies
The Marriage Squeeze
Race and the Marriage Squeeze
Transnational Marriage
Who Does What? The Gendered Division of Labor
The Sexual Division of Labor and Gender Inequality
The Doctrine of Separate Spheres
Modern Marriage
Gender and the Doctrine of Separate Spheres
Separate Spheres in Global Perspective
Transnational Motherhood
Transnational Fatherhood
The Division of Household Labor
The Second Shift
Gay and Lesbian Households
Power and the Household Division of Labor
Families in Transition
Big Questions
Gender Exercises
What Can You Do? Resources for Social Change
Terms
Suggested Readings
Works Cited
9 How Does Gender Affect the Type of Work We Do and the Rewards We
Receive for Our Work? The Gender of Work
What Is Work?
Measuring the World’s Work
A Man’s Job: Masculinity and Work
When Men Can’t Work
Men in Predominantly Female Occupations
The Glass Ceiling and the Glass Escalator
Sex Segregation in the Workplace
Gender and Dangerous Work: Protective Labor Laws
The Anatomy of Sex Segregation
Gender and Precarious Work
The Wage Gap: Why Sex Segregation Matters
Making Connections: Sex Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap
Explaining Sex Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap
Socialization as an Explanation for Sex Segregation
Human Capital Theory
Gendered Organizations
Transmen at Work
Comparable Worth
Big Questions
Gender Exercises
What Can You Do? Resources for Social Change
Terms
Suggested Readings
Works Cited
10 How Does Gender Affect What You Watch, What You Read, and What
You Play? The Gender of Media and Popular Culture
The Media: An Interesting Institution
Behind the Scenes: The Gender of Media Organizations
Gender, Advertising, and the Commodification of Gender
Media Power Theory: We’re All Sheep
Audience Power Theory: Power to the People
Transgender in the Media
Gender, Sexuality, and Slash Fiction
Super Girl Fan Fiction in China
The Struggle Over Images
Harems and Terrorists: Depictions of Arabs in the Media
Beware of Black Men: Race, Gender, and the Local News
Homer and Ralph: White, Working-Class Men on TV
Sexuality in the Media
Sexuality and Subculture
Soap Operas, Telenovelas, and Feminism
Are You a Feminist If You Watch Soap Operas?
Feminists as “Poisonous Serpents”
Masculinity and Video Games: Learning the Three Rs
The Battle of the Sexes and the Battle for the Remote Contro1
The Gender of Leisure
Big Questions
Gender Exercises
What Can You Do? Resources for Social Change
Terms
Suggested Readings
Works Cited
11 How Does Gender Help Determine Who Has Power and Who Doesn’t?
The Gender of Politics and Power
A Brief Warning
Power: Good and Bad
Masculinity and Power
Who Really Has the Power? Hegemonic Masculinity
Coercive Power
The Geography of Fear
Rape-Prone and Rape-Free Cultures
Sexual Assault on Campus
Violent Intersections: The Gender of Human Trafficking
Gender Rights and Human Rights?
Hijab and Ethnocentrism
Institutional Power: Nations and Gender
My Missile’s Bigger Than Yours
Gender and Political Institutions
Men and Women in Office
The Smoke-Filled Room: Descriptive Representation
Strangers in the Halls of Power: Substantive Representation
Summing Up
Big Questions
Gender Exercises
What Can You Do? Resources for Social Change
Terms
Suggested Readings
Works Cited
Glossary
Index
About the Author
Specific Areas of Interest
Feminist Theory
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Pp. 325–338: “The Sexual Division of Labor and Gender Inequality” to “The
Doctrine of Separate Spheres”
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Pp. 110–129: “Sorting It All Out: Gender Socialization and Intersex Children”
to “Some Theories of Gender Socialization”
P. 117: “Cultural Artifact 4.2: Transgender Kids”
Pp. 135–143: “Doctors Teaching Gender: Intersex Socialization” to “The
Importance of Peer Groups”
Chapter 6
P. 231: Cultural Artifact 6.2: Swiping Right: Tinder, Online Dating, and Gender
Fluidity
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 9
Chapter 4
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Pp. 500–506: “Institutional Power: Nations and Gender” to “Men and Women
in Office”
Intersectionalality
Chapter 2
Chapter 4
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 7
Pp. 271–294: “Men and Body Image” to “Women, Doctors, Midwives, and
Hormones”
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Pp. 367–376: “A Man’s Job: Masculinity and Work” to “The Glass Ceiling and
the Glass Escalator”
Chapter 10
Pp. 438–444: “Beware of Black Men: Race, Gender, and the Local News” to
“Sexuality in the Media”
Pp. 451–459: “Masculinity and Video Games: Learning the Three Rs” to “The
Battle of the Sexes and the Battle for the Remote Control”
Chapter 11
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Pp. 262–265: “Exporting the Beauty Myth” to “The Problem With Bodies”
Pp. 280–284: “Dangerous Masculinity in Palestine” to “Masculinity, Health, and
Race”
Pp. 290–297: “Menopause in Cross-Cultural Perspective” to “Eugenics,
Sterilization, and Population Control”
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
THE SHEEP.
Sheep supply us both with food and clothing: and the wool alone
affords, in some countries, an amazing source of industry and
wealth. They are harmless animals, and, in general, very shy and
timid. The Sheep in the high mountains of Wales are very wild, and
do not collect into large flocks, but graze in parties of from eight to a
dozen. One is always placed at a distance from the rest, to give
notice of the approach of danger. When he observes a stranger
advancing, he allows him to approach as near, perhaps, as eighty or
a hundred yards, but keeps a watchful eye upon his motions; if the
stranger shows a design of coming closer, he alarms the rest of the
flock by a loud hiss or whistle, twice or thrice repeated, when the
whole party instantly scour away with great speed, to the most
inaccessible parts of the mountains. No country produces finer
Sheep than Great Britain. Of these the Sheep that are bred in
Lincolnshire and the northern parts, are the largest and bear the
most wool. In other parts of England they are generally smaller; and
in the mountainous parts of Wales and Scotland they are very small.
THE GOAT.
THE GOAT.
Although very shy and timid in a wild state, goats are easily trained
as domestic animals, being very sensible of kind treatment. The
disposition of this creature is, however, extremely unsettled, as is
shewn by the irregularity of all his actions. He walks, stops short,
runs, leaps, approaches or retires, shews and conceals himself, or
flies off, as if induced by mere whim, and without any other cause
than what arises from the strange vivacity of his temper. Goats love
to feed on the tops of hills, and prefer the very elevated and rugged
parts of mountains, finding sufficient food in the most heathy and
barren grounds. They are so active as to leap with ease and the
utmost security, among the most dreadful precipices; and even when
two of them are yoked together, they will, as it were by mutual
consent, take the most hazardous leaps together, and exert their
efforts in such a united manner as generally to get through the
danger unhurt. In mountainous countries they are of great service to
mankind; the flesh of the old ones being salted as winter provision,
and the milk being used in many places for making cheese. These
animals require but little care and attention, and easily provide for
themselves proper and sufficient food.
THE STAG.
This is the most beautiful animal of the Deer kind. The elegance of
his form, the lightness of his motions, the flexibility of his limbs, his
bold branching horns, which are yearly renewed, his grandeur,
strength and swiftness, give him a decided rank over every other
inhabitant of the forest. The age of the Stag is known by its horns: he
begins to shed them about the end of February or the beginning of
March: each year they become larger.
THE STAG.
The chief difference between the Stag and the Fallow deer, seems
to be in the size and form of their horns; the latter are much smaller
than those of the former. The Fallow deer is easily tamed, feeds on a
variety of things which the stag refuses, and preserves its condition
nearly the same throughout the year, although its flesh, called
venison, is considered much finer at particular seasons. We have in
England two varieties of the Fallow deer, which are said to be of
foreign origin: the beautiful spotted kind were brought from Bengal in
India. These animals, with some variation, are found in almost every
country of Europe. Those of Spain are as large as stags, but darker;
their necks are also more slender; and their tails, which are longer
than those of ours, are black above, and white beneath.
THE ROEBUCK.
The form of the Roebuck is elegant, and its motions light and easy. It
bounds seemingly without much effort, and runs with great swiftness.
When hunted, it tries to evade its pursuers by the most curious
methods: it often returns upon its former steps, till, by various
windings, it entirely misleads the hounds. This cunning animal then,
by a sudden spring, bounds to one side; and, lying close down upon
its belly, lets the hounds pass by, without offering to stir.
THE ROEBUCK.
The Roe was at one time common in many parts of England and
Wales; but at present it is to be found only in the Highlands of
Scotland. It is the smallest of all the Deer kind, being only three feet
four inches long, and rather more than two feet in height: the horns
are from eight to nine inches long, upright, round, and divided into
three branches; the body is covered with long hair. When the female
has young, and they are in danger, she hides them in a thicket; and,
to preserve them, offers herself to be chased. Numbers of fawns are
taken alive from their dams by the peasants, and many are worried
by dogs, foxes, and other enemies; so that the beautiful Roe is
becoming daily more scarce.