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Chapter 6: Arrays
TRUE/FALSE
1. Many newer programming languages such as C++, Java, and C# use subscript 1 to access the first
element of the array.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 214
2. You use subscripts 1 through 10 to access the elements in a ten element array.
3. Many newer programming languages such as C++, Java, and C# use the bracket notation for arrays.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 214
4. Declaring a named constant makes code easier to modify and understand.
5. A parallel array is an array that stores another array in each element.
6. Parallel arrays must contain the same data type.
7. You can improve the efficiency of a program by leaving a loop as soon as a match is found in the
array.
8. Arrays cannot be used if you need to search for a range of values.
9. When you have a five element array and use subscript 8, your subscript is said to be out of bounds.
10. The for loop is a good tool when working with arrays because you frequently need to process every
element of an array from beginning to end.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An array is a(n) ____ of values in computer memory.

a. list c. set
b. accumulation d. record
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 214
2. A(n) ____ is another name for a subscript.

a. pointer c. index
b. sequence d. place holder
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 214
3. The number of elements in an array is called the ____ of the array.

a. width c. height
b. size d. depth
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 214
4. All array elements have the same group ____.

a. subscript c. memory location
b. name d. value
5. Array elements all have the same ____ in common.

a. pointer c. value
b. memory location d. data type
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 214
6. Array subscripts are always a sequence of ____.

a. large numbers c. negative values
b. characters d. integers
7. In all languages, subscript values must be sequential ____.

a. characters c. real numbers
b. fractions d. integers
8. A program contains an array that holds all the names of the days of the week. Which of the following
is true?
a. The highest subscript is 6. c. The lowest subscript is 1.
b. The highest subscript is 7. d. The highest subscript is 12.
9. Providing array values is sometimes called ____.

a. creating the array c. accumulating the array
b. declaring the array d. populating the array
10. An array can be used to replace ____.

a. records c. nested decisions
b. methods d. loops
11. The true benefit of using an array lies in your ability to use a ____ as a subscript to the array.
a. constant c. command
b. loop d. variable
12. Named ____ hold values that do not change during a program’s execution.
a. constants c. objects
b. variables d. items
13. Besides making your code easier to modify, using a ____ makes the code easier to understand.
a. standard constant c. literal constant
b. named constant d. named variable
14. One advantage to using a named constant is that the statement becomes ____.
a. self-perpetuating c. self-referencing
b. self-documenting d. self-mitigating
15. When you search through a list from one end to the other, you are performing a ____.
a. linear search c. quadratic search
b. binary search d. single lookup
16. If you declare a variable to be Boolean, you can set its value to ____.
a. any number c. any integer
b. true or false d. 1 or -1
17. Which statement is true of arrays?

a. Only whole numbers can be used as array subscripts.
b. Only whole numbers can be stored in arrays.
c. Arrays cause more work for the programmer, but allow faster program execution.
d. Array elements cannot be reset after the array is declared.
18. A ____ relates parallel arrays.

a. superscript c. subscript
b. key d. postscript
19. Parallel arrays are most useful when value pairs have a(n) ____ relationship.
a. direct c. linked
b. indirect d. tiered
20. A ____ search starts looking in the middle of a sorted list, and then determines whether it should
continue higher or lower.
a. linear c. quadratic
b. binary d. single lookup
21. To search an array for a(n) ____ match, you can store either the highest or lowest value
of each range for comparison.
a. flag c. subscript
b. index d. range
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 238-240
22. Every array has a(n) ____ size.

a. infinite c. variable
b. finite d. constant
23. The number of bytes in an array is always a multiple of the number of ____ in an array.
a. subscripts c. iterators
b. elements d. indexes
24. In every programming language, when you access data stored in an array, it is important to use a ____
containing a value that accesses memory occupied by the array.
a. superscript c. key
b. subscript d. condition
25. When a subscript is not within the range of acceptable subscripts, it is said to be ____.
a. a superscript c. out of bounds
b. flagged d. indexed
COMPLETION
1. Use a(n) ____________________ to indicate the position of a particular item within an array.
ANS: subscript
PTS: 1 REF: 214
2. All array elements have the same ____________________ name, but each individual element also has
a unique subscript indicating how far away it is from the first element.
ANS: group
PTS: 1 REF: 214
3. Each array ____________________ is a single variable.

ANS: element
PTS: 1 REF: 214
4. When working with arrays, you can use ____________________ in

several ways: To hold the size of an array, as the array values, and as a subscript .
ANS: constants
PTS: 1 REF: 215
5. A(n) ____________________ is a variable set to indicate whether some event has occurred.
ANS: flag
PTS: 1 REF: 229
MATCHING
Match each term with a statement below.

a. range of values f. element
b. out of bounds g. for loop
c. flag h. constant
d. parallel arrays i. binary search
e. array j. populating the array
1. A series of values in computer memory
2. Each separate item in an array
3. Providing array values
4. Can hold the size of an array
5. A variable that you set to indicate whether some event has occurred
6. Starts looking in the middle of a sorted list, and then determines whether it should continue higher or
lower
7. Any series of contiguous values
8. A subscript that is not within the range of acceptable subscripts
9. A particularly convenient tool when working with arrays because you frequently need to process every
element of an array
10. In this type of array, each element in one array is associated with the element in the same relative
position in the other array
1. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 214

2. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 214
3. ANS: J PTS: 1 REF: 215
4. ANS: H PTS: 1 REF: 224
5. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 229
6. ANS: I PTS: 1 REF: 236
7. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 237
8. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 243
9. ANS: G PTS: 1 REF: 244
10. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 230
SHORT ANSWER
1. Describe an array and provide an example of a real-life equivalent to an array.
ANS:
An array is a series or list of variables in computer memory, all of which have the same name and data
type but are differentiated with special numbers called subscripts. Usually, all the values in an array
have something in common; for example, they might represent a list of employee ID numbers or a list
of prices for items a store sells. A subscript, also called an index, is a number that indicates the
position of a particular item within an array.
Whenever you require multiple storage locations for objects, you are using a real-life counterpart of a
programming array. For example, if you store important papers in a series of file folders and label each
folder with a consecutive letter of the alphabet, then you are using the equivalent of an array.
PTS: 1 REF: 214 TOP: Critical Thinking
2. How do you reference the elements in an array?
ANS:
All array elements have the same group name, but each individual element also has a unique subscript
indicating how far away it is from the first element. Therefore, any array’s subscripts are always a
sequence of integers such as 0 through 4 or 0 through 9.
Depending on the syntax rules of the programming language you use, you place the subscript within
parentheses or square brackets following the group name.
3. Why is it important to learn to use arrays correctly?
ANS:
Learning to use arrays correctly can make many programming tasks far more efficient and
professional. When you understand how to use arrays, you will be able to provide elegant solutions to
problems that otherwise would require tedious programming steps.
4. How can constants be used when working with arrays?
ANS:
• To hold the size of an array
• As the array values
• As a subscript
5. How do you find a particular value in an array? Provide an example.
ANS:
The technique for verifying that an item number exists involves setting a subscript to 0 and setting a
flag variable to indicate that you have not yet determined whether the customer’s order is valid. A flag
is a variable that you set to indicate whether some event has occurred; frequently it holds a true or false
value. For example, you can set a string variable named foundIt to “N”, indicating “No”. Then you
compare the customer’s ordered item number to the first item in the array. If the customer-ordered
item matches the first item in the array, you can set the flag variable to “Y”, or any other value that is
not “N”. If the items do not match, you increase the subscript and continue to look down the list of
numbers stored in the array. If you check all six valid item numbers and the customer item matches
none of them, then the flag variable foundIt still holds the value “N”. If the flag variable is “N”
after you have looked through the entire list, you can issue an error message indicating that no match
was ever found.
6. Why is it desirable to leave the loop as soon as a match is found?
ANS:
Leaving the loop as soon as a match is found improves the program’s efficiency. The larger the array,
the more beneficial it becomes to exit the searching loop as soon as you find the desired value.
7. Consider a mail-order business in which customers get a discount based on the quantity they order. In
writing a program to compute the discount based on a customer’s order quantity, why is it not a good
idea to construct an array with as many elements as a customer might want to order, and store the
appropriate discount associated with each number?
ANS:
This approach has at least three drawbacks:
• It requires a very large array that uses a lot of memory.
• You must store the same value repeatedly. For example, each of the first nine elements receives the
same value, 0, and each of the next four elements receives the same value, 10.
• How do you know when you have enough array elements? Is a customer order quantity of 75 items
enough? What if a customer orders 100 or 1,000 items? No matter how many elements you place in
the array, there’s always a chance that a customer will order more.
8. What is an advantage of using an array to match a value in a range of values?
ANS:
When using an array to store range limits, you use a loop to make a series of comparisons that would
otherwise require many separate decisions. The program that determines customer discount rates is
written using fewer instructions than would be required if you did not use an array, and modifications
to your method will be easier to make in the future.
9. What happens when a beginning programmer forgets that array subscripts start with 0?
ANS:
A common error by beginning programmers is to forget that array subscripts start with 0. If you
assume that an array’s first subscript is 1, you will always be “off by one” in your array manipulation.
10. What happens if a subscript value is negative or higher than the number of elements in an array?
ANS:
Some programming languages will stop execution of the program and issue an error message. Other
programming languages will not issue an error message but will access a value in a memory location
that is outside the area occupied by the array. That area might contain garbage, or worse, it
accidentally might contain the name of an incorrect month. Either way, a logical error occurs.
PTS: 1 REF: 242-243 TOP: Critical Thinking

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Programming Logic and Design

Comprehensive 7th Edition Joyce

Programming Logic and Design Comprehensive 7th Edition

Object-Oriented Approach to Programming Logic and

Object-Oriented Approach to Programming Logic and

Java Programming 7th Edition Joyce Farrell Test Bank

Java Programming 7th Edition Joyce Farrell Solutions

Java Programming 9th Edition Joyce Farrell Test Bank

Java Programming 8th Edition Joyce Farrell Test Bank

Java Programming 9th Edition Joyce Farrell Solutions

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 214

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 214

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 214

4. Declaring a named constant makes code easier to modify and understand.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 224

5. A parallel array is an array that stores another array in each element.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 230

6. Parallel arrays must contain the same data type.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 230

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 234

8. Arrays cannot be used if you need to search for a range of values.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 237

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 243

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 244

1. An array is a(n) ____ of values in computer memory.

2. A(n) ____ is another name for a subscript.

3. The number of elements in an array is called the ____ of the array.

4. All array elements have the same group ____.

5. Array elements all have the same ____ in common.

6. Array subscripts are always a sequence of ____.

7. In all languages, subscript values must be sequential ____.

9. Providing array values is sometimes called ____.

10. An array can be used to replace ____.

17. Which statement is true of arrays?

18. A ____ relates parallel arrays.

22. Every array has a(n) ____ size.

PTS: 1 REF: 214

PTS: 1 REF: 214

3. Each array ____________________ is a single variable.

PTS: 1 REF: 214

4. When working with arrays, you can use ____________________ in

PTS: 1 REF: 215

PTS: 1 REF: 229

Match each term with a statement below.

1. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 214

1. Describe an array and provide an example of a real-life equivalent to an array.

PTS: 1 REF: 214 TOP: Critical Thinking

2. How do you reference the elements in an array?

PTS: 1 REF: 214 TOP: Critical Thinking

3. Why is it important to learn to use arrays correctly?

PTS: 1 REF: 223 TOP: Critical Thinking

4. How can constants be used when working with arrays?

PTS: 1 REF: 224 TOP: Critical Thinking

5. How do you find a particular value in an array? Provide an example.

PTS: 1 REF: 229 TOP: Critical Thinking

6. Why is it desirable to leave the loop as soon as a match is found?

PTS: 1 REF: 234 TOP: Critical Thinking

PTS: 1 REF: 237 TOP: Critical Thinking

8. What is an advantage of using an array to match a value in a range of values?

PTS: 1 REF: 240 TOP: Critical Thinking

PTS: 1 REF: 242-243 TOP: Critical Thinking

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