Operations and Maintenance Manual

Chapter 3 – Primary Treatment

City of Port Angeles, Washington
Wastewater Treatment Plant

Revised 2015
City of Port Angeles Wastewater Treatment Plant
Operations and Maintenance Manual: Chapter 3 – Primary Treatment

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 3: Primary Treatment
3.0 Process Principles and Objectives…………………………….……………………………………………………… 3-1
3.1 Description……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3-1
1.1 Flow Control…………………………………………….….………………………………………………………………. 3-3
1.2 Rectangular Primary Clarifier………………….……………………………………….…………………..………. 3-4
1.3 Circular Primary Clarifier …………………………….………………………………………………………………. 3-7
1.4 Sludge and Scum Pumping……………….…………………………………………………………………………. 3-8
1.5 Alarm Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3-10
3.2 Operation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3-11
2.1 Prestart………………………………………….….…………………………………………………………………………. 3-12
2.2 Startup…………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………….. 3-12
2.3 Normal…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-13
2.4 Shutdown: Rectangular Clarifier.……………..………………………………………………..………………… 3-14
2.5 Shutdown: Circular Clarifier…………………...……………………………………………………………………. 3-15
3.3 Process Control……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3-15
3.1 Sampling and Laboratory Analysis……………………………………………………………………………….. 3-15
3.2 Process Control Factors………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3-16
3.3 Process Calculations and Control Data………………………………………………………………….……… 3-16
3.4 Other Process Impacts……………………………………..……………………………………………………………3-18
3.4 Troubleshooting……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3-19
3.5 Preventative Maintenance…………………………………………………………………………………….………… 3-21
5.1 Housekeeping………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-21
5.2 Hose Down……………….....……………………………………………………………………….…………………….. 3-22
5.3 Inspection………………...………….……………………………………………………………………………………… 3-22
5.4 Flushing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3-22
3.6 Safety………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-23

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Operations and Maintenance Manual: Chapter 3 – Primary Treatment

List of Tables
Table 3-1 Primary Treatment Equipment Summary……………………………………….…………………….…… 3-1
Table 3-2 Primary Clarification Flow Control Gates…………………………………………….….…………………. 3-3
Table 3-3 Primary Treatment System Alarm Summary.......…..…………………………………………….…… 3-10

List of Figures
Figure 3-1 Primary Sedimentation Process and Instrumentation Diagram…………………………….…… 3-24
Figure 3-2 Primary Sludge Pumps Process and Instrumentation Diagram……………….…………………. 3-25
Figure 3-3 Clarifier Flow Control Gates……………………………...…..…………………………………………….…… 3-26
Figure 3-4 Rectangular Primary Clarifier ….…………………………………………………………..…………………….3-27

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City of Port Angeles Wastewater Treatment Plant
Operations and Maintenance Manual: Chapter 3 – Primary Treatment

CHAPTER 3: PRIMARY TREATMENT

3.0 Process Principles and Objectives

Primary clarification is a critical step in wastewater treatment, in which settleable and floatable solids
are physically separated from the raw sewage, leaving dissolved and some suspended solids in the
wastewater. A significant portion of the dissolved matter not removed in the primary clarifiers is
organic and will be used as food by the microorganisms in the secondary treatment process.
Only physical removal methods are employed in primary treatment, as opposed to the biological
methods used in the secondary treatment process. The flow velocity is reduced in the primary clarifier,
permitting the solids to either float or sink, depending on their densities; heavy solids constitute the
sludge, while the floating material forms scum. The sludge and scum removed from the clarifiers are
pumped to the grit removal system.
When the clarifiers are operating properly and are loaded within design limits, they should remove
approximately:
 90 percent of the settleable solids
 30 percent of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
 45 percent of the soluble BOD
 60 percent of the suspended solids (SS)

3.1 Description
The primary treatment system includes the rectangular primary clarifier, the circular primary clarifier,
and the sludge and scum pumping systems associated with each of these units.
Table 3-1: Primary Treatment Equipment Summary
Units Function Operating Conditions
RECTANGULAR PRIMARY CLARIFIER
Units - 1 The reduced velocity and Length: 104 feet
Equipment No. detention time in the clarifier Width: 21.5 feet
permits the solids in the raw
T 1301 Depth: 11 feet
sewage to either float or sink
Operation: The rectangular primary clarifier
operates continuously.
RECTANGULAR PRIMARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE COLLECTOR
Units - 1 Continuously moves sludge Flights: Fiberglass
Equipment No. that accumulates on the Drive motor: 1.5 hp
bottom of the rectangular
COL 1303 Operation: The sludge collector runs
clarifier into the sludge hopper
continuously.
at the influent end of the
clarifier.

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Units Function Operating Conditions

RECTANGULAR PRIMARY CLARIFIER SCUM SKIMMER
Units - 1 Removes scum at the influent Type: Helical blade
Equipment No. end of the rectangular clarifier. Drive motor: 0.5 hp
COL 1302 Operation: Operated on an intermittent basis.
PRIMARY SLUDGE PUMP 1
Units - 1 Removes the primary sludge Type: Recessed impeller vortex pump
Equipment No. from the sludge hopper in the Capacity: 280 gpm
rectangular clarifier and pumps
P 1310 Total operating head: 40 feet
it to the grit removal system.
Motor: 15 hp
Operation: The pump normally operates
continuously to serve the rectangular primary
clarifier. Seal water solenoid valve SV 1310
opens whenever the pump is running.
PRIMARY SCUM PUMP
Units - 1 Removes scum from the Type: Positive displacement, progressing cavity
Equipment No. rectangular primary clarifier pump
and pumps it to the digesters. Capacity: 50 gpm
P 1320
Maximum total head: 80 psi
Motor: 7.5 hp
Operation: Manually controlled at the scum pit
from (PNL 1321). The pump stops on high
discharge pressure or loss of flow. Seal water
solenoid valve SV 1320 opens whenever the
pump is running.
CIRCULAR PRIMARY CLARIFIER
Units - 1 The flow splitting system at the Diameter: 70 feet
headworks diverts half of the Operation: The circular primary clarifier operates
flow to the circular primary intermittently, depending on influent flows.
Equipment No.
clarifier when the total influent
T 1201 flow exceeds 5.25 mgd.
CIRCULAR PRIMARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE COLLECTOR
Units - 1 Rakes the settled sludge in the Drive motor: 0.75 hp
clarifier to a central sludge Operation: The sludge collector starts when slide
pocket. gate GT 1120 opens to allow flow to the circular
Equipment No.
clarifier. The clarifier drive continues to operate
DU 1202
after gate GT 1120 closes; this time period is set
on the circular primary shutdown timer at the
plant SCADA system. The timer is initially set for
60 minutes.

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Operations and Maintenance Manual: Chapter 3 – Primary Treatment

Units Function Operating Conditions

PRIMARY SLUDGE PUMP 2
Units - 1 Pumps primary sludge and Type: Recessed impeller vortex pump
scum from the circular primary Capacity: 280 gpm
clarifier to the grit removal
Equipment No. Total operating head: 40 feet
system.
P 1610 Motor: 15 hp
Operation: Under automatic control, primary
sludge pump 2 operates whenever the circular
clarifier runs. The pump starts when slide gate
GT 1120 opens to allow flow to the circular
clarifier. The pump continues to operate after
gate GT 1120 closes; this time period is set on the
circular primary shutdown timer at the plant
SCADA system. The timer is initially set for 60
minutes. Seal water solenoid valve SV 1610
opens whenever the pump is running.

3.1.1 Flow Control

The screened wastewater from the headworks flows to the primary clarifiers following flow metering at
the Parshall flumes. The wastewater can be directed solely to the rectangular primary clarifier under
normal flow conditions. When plant flows exceed 5.25 mgd, slide gate GT 1120 automatically opens to
allow flow to pass to the circular primary clarifier. However, due to operational considerations, this flow
control strategy will normally be employed; wastewater in excess of 5.25MGD will generally flow to both
primary clarifiers. The Parshall flumes located downstream of the bar screens split the flow evenly to
the two primary clarifiers.
The effluent from the primary clarifiers flows to the primary effluent manhole located adjacent to the
gravity thickener. This manhole also receives filtrate from the belt filter press. A 36-inch pipeline
conveys wastewater from the primary effluent manhole to the trickling filter pumping station.
The location and purpose of the gates used for flow control at the primary clarifiers are summarized in
Table 3-2.
Table 3-2: Primary Clarification Flow Control Gates
Gate No. Description Normal Position
SG 1125 Controls manual bypass flows to the circular primary clarifier. Located Closed
downstream of the influent Parshall flumes.
Operator has to manually open/close the slide gate (SG).
SG 1126 Located at the rectangular clarifier bypass channel; allows overflows Open
from the tank drain pumping station to flow to the rectangular
clarifier. Manually operated.
SG 1127 Controls the flow of wastewater into the rectangular clarifier bypass Closed
channel. Located downstream of SG 1126. Manually operated.
SG 1301 Used to distribute the flow to the rectangular primary clarifier. Open
SG 1302 Located at the clarifier's influent channel. Manually operated.
SG 1303

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Operations and Maintenance Manual: Chapter 3 – Primary Treatment

Gate No. Description Normal Position

SG 1304 Controls the flow from the rectangular primary clarifier. Located at Open
SG 1305 the clarifier's effluent channel. Manually operated.
SG 1306
SG 1307 Controls the flow to/from the clarifier bypass channel; prevents Closed
primary effluent from flowing back into the bypass channel.
Manually operated.

3.1.2 Rectangular Primary Clarifier

3.1.2A Flow Pattern
The screened wastewater from the headworks enters an aerated channel at the upstream end of the
rectangular primary clarifier (T 1301). Wastewater flows into the clarifier through three inlet gates (SG
1301, SG 1302, and SG 1303) which are evenly spaced across the width of the primary clarifier. The
gates are typically adjusted so that the opening is submerged; this introduces the solids below the water
surface, resulting in less of a vertical drop for the solids. The scum removal system also operates better
since the submerged entry leaves the water surface on the clarifier undisturbed.
A row of finger baffles is provided in the clarifier to distribute the influent wastewater evenly across the
width of the tank and deflect the wastewater. The baffles are designed to accomplish this flow
distribution without creating excessive turbulence which would interfere with the operation of the scum
skimming equipment. The 5-foot long finger baffles are located approximately 8 feet downstream of
the clarifier's inlet gates and are constructed of pressure treated wood.
The wastewater flows through the clarifier, over weirs, and into effluent launders (or troughs) at the
discharge end of the clarifier. The top edge of each launder is notched with rectangular notches which
serve as the effluent weirs for the clarifier. The elevation of the bottom of the notches regulates the
water surface elevation in the tank; this also affects the effectiveness of the skimming system.
Three effluent launders are supported from the clarifier walkways. The launders are mounted away
from the walls of the tank to minimize short-circuiting due to the influence of wall currents. Each
launder has three, 1-inch diameter drain holes. These drain holes facilitate draining the launders when
the tank is drained and reduce the upward force on the launder when the tank is filling.
The discharge from the clarifier's effluent launders flows into an effluent collection channel; the clarifier
bypass channel also discharges to this channel. A 30-inch pipeline conveys the primary effluent from the
clarifier to the primary effluent manhole. Each launder can be isolated by inserting a slide gate in the
discharge end of the launder. This will prevent primary effluent in the discharge channel from backing
up into the launder.
The clarifier basin can be drained through an 8-inch drain line located at the influent end of the clarifier;
the basin is drained to the tank drain pumping station through this line. Refer to Chapter 10, Auxiliary
Systems for a description of this pumping station. A plug valve in the primary gallery controls the drain
flows from the clarifier.

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3.1.2B Sludge Collection

The reduced wastewater velocity in the clarifier enables solids to settle to the bottom of the tank and
scum to rise to the top. The solids are moved along the tank floor in the rectangular clarifier by a flight
collector mechanism and a cross-collector. The sludge is pumped from the clarifier to the grit removal
system by primary sludge pump 1 (P 1310).
1) Sludge Hopper. The sludge hopper in the clarifier provides storage and compaction volume for
the collected primary sludge. The hopper keeps the sludge out of the way of the sludge
collector, thereby preventing the sludge from being stirred up as each flight passes over the
hopper. A valved 6-inch primary sludge pipe connects the hopper to the primary sludge pump.
2) Sludge Collector. Sludge is scraped along the bottom of the clarifier by sludge collector COL
1303. A cross-collector moves the sludge along the cross-collector trench to the sludge hopper
at the northwest corner of the clarifier tank.
The longitudinal collector is a chain and flight type, with two endless plastic chains that run the
length of the clarifier tank. Full-width, fiberglass flights are attached to the chains to scrape the
settled sludge to the cross-collector trench. The flights are supported on rails during their
return trip to the effluent end of the clarifier. Each flight has two sets of wearing shoes that
engage tank-mounted wearing channels and outboard return support tracks during the sludge
scraping and return trips, respectively. The wearing shoes are reversible.
The drive unit for the sludge collector is located at the influent end of the clarifier. The collector
is driven by a 1.5 hp motor.
3) Control. Sludge collector COL 1303 is powered through MCC-2A in the Secondary Control
Building. The main breaker for the sludge collector is located there, along with READY and RUN
lights, a RESET pushbutton, and a blown fuse indicator.
The sludge collector is controlled by an ON-OFF selector switch and a RESET push-button located
at the clarifier drive. The sludge collector runs continuously with the switch in the ON position.
This is the normal mode of operation. The operating status of the collector is indicated on the
plant SCADA system.
The sludge collector mechanism is protected from damage from overloading by a shear pin
protection device. If the sludge collector encounters an obstruction that causes the shear pin to
break, a REC CLARIFIER SHEAR PIN alarm is actuated at the main control panel and on the plant
SCADA system. This sensing device is not included in the motor control circuit and will not shut
off the motor drive; when the shear pin breaks, the gear will slide around the drive shaft and the
drive chain will not move.
Clarifier alarms are included in the alarm summary in Table 3-3.

3.1.2C Scum Collection

A helical scum skimmer operates in conjunction with water sprays to remove floating material from the
surface of the rectangular clarifier. The skimmer and scum trough are located at the southwest corner
of the clarifier.

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1) Water Sprays. Water sprays located across the tank drive the scum towards the influent end of
the clarifier. Three 1-inch spray headers are provided; each is equipped with five spray nozzles
mounted 6 inches above the surface of the water. The flow of water to each of the headers is
controlled by a ball valve. The spray headers are mounted at a 1 percent slope down toward the
isolation ball valve.
Additional spray headers drive the scum across the tank to the helical scum skimmer at the
influent end of the clarifier. A 1-1/2-inch line serves these sprays.
Water is supplied to the clarifier's spray water system from the high pressure reclaimed water
system (3WHP) via a 2-1/2-inch line. The inlet water pressure is reduced from about 70 psi to 15
psi by pressure control valve PCV 1301. An isolation gate valve and a water strainer are also
provided for the spray water service. These units are located near the northwest corner of the
clarifier. A 2-inch line supplies water to the spray headers which drive the scum to the influent
end of the tank.
2) Scum Skimmer. Scum skimmer HK 1302 consists of a two-bladed, helical skimmer with synthetic
rubber wipers that scrape a metal skimming beach. The skimming beach is curved to
accommodate the arc of the skimmer wiper blades. In order for the skimming system to work
properly, the minimum depth of the water over the bottom of the beach should be about 3/4-
inch; the maximum depth over the bottom of the beach at peak wet weather flow should be
about 2 inches. The water surface elevation should never exceed the elevation of the skimming
beach's crest, or the scum trough will fill with water.
Most of the scum collected by the skimmer is moved along the skimming beach and discharged
into the scum trough. A metal closure piece at the discharge end of each skimming blade
prevents scum from flowing back into the clarifier; it also prevents excess quantities of water
from being discharged into the scum trough. A 6-inch line connects the scum trough to scum
pump P 1320 located in the adjacent primary gallery. The pipe invert is flush with the bottom of
the scum trough.
The scum skimmer is driven by a 0.5 hp motor.
3) Control. The scum skimmer is powered through MCC-2A in the Secondary Control Building. The
main breaker for the skimmer is located there, along with READY and RUN lights, a RESET
pushbutton, and a blown fuse indicator.
The scum skimmer is controlled by HAND-AUTO and START-STOP selector switches located at
the scum skimmer drive. An ON-OFF switch and a 0 to 30 minute timer are provided at the CVU
for use in the automatic mode of operation.
a) Automatic Control. With the HAND-OFF-AUTO switch in the AUTO position, the ON-OFF
switch at the plant SCADA system is used to start the scum skimmer. The scum skimmer will
run for the time period set on the timer. Note that the skimmer will not run unless the
sludge collector in the rectangular clarifier is running.
b) Manual Control. The scum skimmer runs continuously when the HAND-AUTO switch is in
the HAND position and the START-STOP switch is set to START.

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3.1.2D Aeration
Aeration is supplied to the wastewater upstream of the rectangular primary clarifier using coarse bubble
diffusers. The six diffusers are connected to a 2-inch manifold by means of a 1-inch line. A 4-inch line
supplies agitation air from the headworks area to this system. Ball valves control the flow of air to the
individual diffusers and can be used to isolate the diffusers for maintenance.

3.1.3 Circular Primary Clarifier

3.1.3A Flow Pattern
The flow splitting system at the headworks diverts half of the flow to the circular primary clarifier.
Motor operated slide gate GT 1120 controls flow diversion to the circular clarifier.
The flow enters the circular clarifier by means of an inverted siphon up through the center mechanism.
The effluent passes over a peripheral weir, into a circular launder, and flows to the primary effluent
pipe. The 27-inch primary effluent pipe discharges to the primary effluent manhole.
The circular clarifier can be drained to the tank drain pumping station through a 6-inch drain line. The
plug valve which controls drain flows from the clarifier is located at the clarifier's scum pit.

3.1.3B Sludge Collection

The circular primary clarifier is equipped with a radial sludge collection mechanism which rakes the
settled sludge to a central sludge pocket. The sludge is pumped from the sludge pocket to the grit
removal system using sludge pump P 1610.
A 0.75 hp drive unit is provided for the sludge collector in the circular clarifier. This unit is powered
through MCC-2A.
The clarifier's drive unit is controlled through a HAND-OFF-AUTO switch and a RESET push-button at the
clarifier drive; a 0 to 60 minute shutdown timer is provided at the plant SCADA system. The operating
status of the clarifier is indicated on the plant SCADA system.
1) Automatic Control. The clarifier can be operated in the AUTO mode, so that it can function as a
part of the influent flow splitting system only when plant flows exceed 5.25 mgd. Under these
conditions, the circular clarifier operates as follows:
 When slide gate GT 1120 is fully open, the sludge collector in the circular primary clarifier
and sludge pump 2 starts operating.
 After slide gate GT 1120 is fully closed, the circular primary clarifier continues to operate for
the time period set on the circular primary shutdown timer at the main control panel. The
timer is initially set for 60 minutes.
Note that the gate will remain open until the flow set point(5.0 MGD)on the plant
SCADA system is achieved.
 The circular primary clarifier and primary sludge pump 2 automatically stop when the timer
at the main control panel times out.
2) Manual Control. Under manual control, the clarifier drive operates continuously.
3) Alarms. An alarm is actuated at the main control panel if GT 1120 opens to allow flow to the
clarifier. A high torque alarm (CIRC CLARIFIER HIGH TORQUE) is provided on the plant SCADA

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system ; this alarm is actuated if high torque is sensed at the clarifier drive. The clarifier drive
unit stops on high torque and must be manually reset at the drive unit to restart the clarifier
drive.

3.1.3C Scum Collection

Scum is pushed around the circular primary clarifier by a skimming blade mounted on the sludge rake
arm. The scum is pushed to the scum pit and is pumped from there to the grit removal system.

3.1.3D Clarifier Flushing

The circular primary clarifier can be flushed using reclaimed water. A 6-inch line supplies water from the
chlorine contact tank to the clarifier. The flow of flushing water to the clarifier is controlled by a pinch
valve located in the Secondary Control Building. The flushing water flow is metered by FE 257 located in
the blower room of the Secondary Control Building; the flow rate is indicated there.
The flushing water system is designed so that water can be continuously added to the circular primary
clarifier. Process operation will determine the optimal flushing water flow to the clarifier.

3.1.4 Sludge and Scum Pumping

Three pumps are used for pumping sludge and scum from the primary clarifiers. Pumps P 1310 and P
1320, serve the rectangular primary clarifier; while pump P 1610 serves the circular primary clarifier.
The three pumps are powered through MCC-2A; the status of the pumps (READY and RUN) is indicated
at the MCC. Each pump MCC panel also includes a RESET pushbutton and a blown fuse indicator.
Seal water is supplied to each of the pumps. The seal water solenoid valve for the respective pump
opens whenever the pump is running.

3.1.4A Primary Sludge Pump 1

Primary sludge pump 1 (P 1310) is located in the primary gallery at the headworks. It is a recessed
impeller vortex pump designed to handle relatively dilute solids concentrations (1 to 2 percent).
Although it is designed to handle only primary sludge from the rectangular clarifier, it can also serve as a
back-up pump for the rectangular clarifier's scum pump.
1) Piping. A 6-inch plug valve located on the clarifier's sludge discharge piping controls the flow of
sludge to the primary sludge pump. This valve is normally open; it is closed if pump P 1310 is
used to pump scum from the rectangular clarifier.
The primary sludge pump has a 4-inch plug valve and a flushing cock on its suction side. The
pump discharge is equipped with a check valve and a plug valve.
The suction of primary sludge pump P 1310 and scum pump P 1320 are connected by a 6-inch
line. Under normal operation, the pumps are isolated from each other by a closed 6-inch plug
valve. The discharge piping from the two pumps do not interconnect.

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2) Control. Primary sludge pump 1 is controlled by an ON-OFF selector switch at the pump drive.
The pump runs continuously with the switch in the ON position to remove sludge from the
rectangular primary clarifier. The operating status of the pump (ON) is indicated at the main
control panel.

3.1.4B Primary Sludge Pump 2

Primary sludge pump 2 (P 1610) is located in the thickened sludge pumping station. Like sludge pump 1,
it is a recessed impeller vortex pump. This pump is used for pumping sludge and scum from the circular
primary clarifier.
1) Piping. A 6-inch plug valve located in the thickened sludge pumping station controls the flow of
sludge to primary sludge pump 2; this valve is normally open. Another 6-inch plug valve controls
the flow of primary scum to the pump; this valve is normally closed.
Primary sludge pump 2 has a 4-inch plug valve and a flushing cock on its suction side. The pump
discharge is equipped with a check valve and a plug valve.
The thickened scum pump can serve as back-up for pump P 1610 when needed.
2) Control. Primary sludge pump 2 can be controlled either automatically or manually using a
HAND-OFF-AUTO switch at the pump drive. The operating status of the pump is indicated at the
main control panel.
a) Automatic Control. With the selector switch in the AUTO position, primary sludge pump 2
runs whenever the circular clarifier runs. The pump starts when an OPEN signal is received
from slide gate GT 1120. The pump stops after the gate has closed and the circular clarifier
shutdown timer at the plant SCADA system has timed out.
b) Manual control. The primary sludge pump for the circular primary clarifier runs
continuously when the HAND-OFF-AUTO switch is in the HAND position.
3) Snail Pumping. Primary sludge pump 2 and the snail pump for the trickling filter/solids contact
process discharge to the same cyclone degritter. Because of this, the sludge pump must be shut
down whenever the snail pump is operating. This will generally be accomplished as follows:

 Stop the sludge pump by setting its control to OFF.

 Reposition the valves at the cyclone degritter to enable pumping snail slurry to the cyclone.
Primary sludge and snail slurry should not enter the cyclone at the same time.
 Operate the snail pump.
 Reposition the valves at the cyclone degritter to enable sludge pumping to the cyclone.
 Resume normal operation of primary sludge pump 2.
Details on the snail pump (P 3410) are found in subsection 4.1.3.A.

3.1.4C Primary Scum Pump

Primary scum pump P 1320 removes scum from the rectangular primary clarifier and pumps it to the
anaerobic digesters. This positive displacement, progressing cavity pump is located in the primary
gallery. In addition to pumping scum, it can serve as back-up for primary sludge pump 1.

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1) Piping. A 6-inch plug valve controls the flow of scum from the clarifier's scum pit to the pump.
This valve is normally open. The pump discharge piping is equipped with a 6-inch plug valve.
A low flow switch is provided on the pump suction piping while a high discharge pressure switch
and a pressure gauge are provided on the discharge piping.
A pig launcher is provided so that the discharge piping can be cleaned.
2) Control. An ON-OFF selector switch and a RESET pushbutton are located at local scum pump
panel PNL 1321 in the primary treatment gallery. An ON pushbutton is also provided at the
scum pit, adjacent to the scum skimmer control switch. The scum pump is manually controlled
from either of these locations; with the ON-OFF switch in the ON position or the ON push-
button pressed, the scum pump runs continuously.
The scum pump will shut down when high discharge pressure (120 psig and rising) or loss of flow
are sensed. The pump must be manually reset at the local control panel (PNL 1321) before the
pump can be restarted.
The operating status of the scum pump is indicated at PNL 1321 (READY or RUNNING) and the
plant SCADA system (ON). Scum pump alarms are indicated at the local panel, including HIGH
PRESSURE and LOW FLOW. Each of these conditions actuates a common trouble alarm for the
scum pump on the plant SCADA systemr (PRIMARY SCUM PUMP TROUBLE).

3.1.5 Alarm Summary

Alarms associated with the primary treatment system are summarized in Table 3-3.
Table 3-3 Primary Treatment System Alarm Summary
P&ID
Alarm Name and Probable Cause
Designation
ZAH-120 CIRC PRIMARY GATE OPEN
Alarm is indicated at the plant SCADA
system.
$ Flow is automatically split to the
circular primary clarifier when the
influent flow exceeds 5.25 mgd.
WAH-121 CIRC CLARIFIER HIGH TORQUE
Alarm is indicated on the
Plant SCADA system.
$ High torque is sensed at the clarifier
drive unit, possibly due to a broken
rake mechanism, foreign material in
the tank, or an excessive sludge
accumulation.
Suggested Response
Acknowledge the alarm at the plant SCADA
system.
$ Monitor the system to verify that the
circular clarifier's scum and sludge handling
systems operate as required.
Acknowledge the alarm on the plant SCADA
system.
$ Determine the cause of the high torque
alarm.
$ Bypass and drain the clarifier; repair the
rake and/or remove the foreign object.
$ Check the mode of operation for primary
sludge pump 2 if excess sludge has
accumulated in the clarifier. Under AUTO
control, this pump should operate whenever
the circular clarifier runs.

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P&ID
Alarm Name and Probable Cause Suggested Response
Designation
YA-130 REC CLARIFIER SHEAR PIN Acknowledge the alarm on the plant SCADA
Alarm is indicated on the plant SCADA system.
system. $ Visually verify the broken shear pin.
$ Broken shear pin in the drive unit for $ Drain the clarifier and check for
the rectangular primary clarifier. obstructions. Use the circular primary
clarifier to maintain primary treatment of the
raw sewage.
$ Replace the shear pin with a size and type
specified by the equipment manufacturer.
FLL-132 LOW FLOW Acknowledge the alarm on the plant SCADA
Alarm is indicated at the local scum system.
pump control panel (PNL 1321). A $ Check to ensure that the scum pit valve is
PRIMARY SCUM PUMP TROUBLE open.
alarm is indicated on the plant SCADA $ Determine if the scum pit has been pumped
system. dry.
$ No flow is detected in the scum $ Check for an obstruction in the line.
pump suction piping.
PLH-132 HIGH DISCHARGE PRESSURE Acknowledge the alarm at the plant SCADA
Alarm is indicated at the local scum system.
pump control panel (PNL 1321). A $ Visually verify the discharge pressure on the
PRIMARY SCUM PUMP TROUBLE gauge.
alarm is indicated on the plant SCADA $ Check to ensure that the downstream
system. valves are open.
$ The pump discharge pressure $ Check for an obstruction in the line.
exceeds the set point (120 psig,
$ Check the pressure trip setting for accuracy
rising).
and the proper set point.
UA-132 SCUM PUMP TROUBLE Acknowledge the alarm at the plant system.
Alarm is indicated at the plant SCADA $ Check the local scum pump control panel to
system. determine the cause of the alarm (low flow
$ Low flow or high discharge pressure or high discharge pressure).
at the scum pump.

3.2 Operation
Operations personnel should be familiar with the manufacturers' equipment manuals and O&M
instructions prior to operation of the primary treatment process. Pertinent safety instructions should
also be reviewed. The operations procedures described in this section should never preclude good, safe
operating techniques or City directives.

These instructions are provided on the assumption that the contractor and equipment manufacturers
have completed dry and wet testing of all systems and that auxiliary systems are operable. All control
switches are set at OFF.
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3.2.1 Pre-Start
Step
1. Perform preventive and corrective
maintenance as necessary.
2. Inspect the primary clarifiers.
3. Inspect and prepare the equipment
and auxiliary system valves and gates
for proper operation.
4. Inspect the grit removal system.
5. Inspect the primary clarifier isolation
slide gate (GT 1120).
6. Set the circular clarifier shutdown
timer.
3.2.2 Start-up
The following instructions place the rectangular primary clarifier into active service, while preparing the
circular primary clarifier for standby operation.
Step
1. Introduce flow to the rectangular
primary clarifier.
2. Monitor filling of the tank.
3. Start the sludge collector in the
rectangular primary clarifier.
4. Start the agitation air system in the
influent channel.
5. Start the water sprays at the
rectangular primary clarifier.
Remarks/Response
1. Refer to the manufacturers' equipment manuals.
2. Make sure that all debris and tools are removed and
power is supplied to all equipment. Check the clarifier
weirs, sludge collectors, and scum collectors.
3. Open the suction and discharge valves on the primary
sludge pumps. Open the valves on the 3W water lines to
the scum sprays. Remove slide gates SG 1304, SG 1305,
and SG 1306 from the effluent launders of the rectangular
primary clarifier. Check that the tank drain valves for the
two clarifiers are closed.
4. Verify that it is ready for operation.
5. The slide gate should be closed.
6. The shutdown timer is located on the plant SCADA
system. It is initially set for 60 minutes.
Remarks/Response
1. Open slide gates SG 1301, SG 1302, and SG 1303. Open
the gates slowly to avoid any structural or equipment
damage from excessive hydraulic forces. Adjust the gates
to the desired opening.
2. Observe filling of the tank to identify potential problems.
When the water level reaches the bottom of the influent
gates, proceed with the remainder of the operation.
3. Set the ON-OFF switch at the drive unit to the ON
position. Observe collector operation for smoothness.
Check the drive for noise, heat, and vibration.
4. Open the 1-inch ball valves on the agitation air lines and
adjust the air supply to the diffusers. This assumes the
aeration blowers are on-line; if not, the blowers will need
to be started. If all of the systems supplied with air are not
in operation, it may be necessary to adjust the operation of
the aeration blowers.
5. The spray water headers are used to drive the scum
towards the influent end of the rectangular clarifier. Water
is supplied to the spray headers from the reclaimed water
system.
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Step Remarks/Response
6. Set the scum skimmer for automatic 6. Turn the HAND-OFF-AUTO switch to the AUTO position
operation. and set the scum skimmer timer at the plant SCADA
system. The skimming cycle will be manually initiated using
the ON-OFF switch at the plant SCADA system when a
sufficient amount of scum has collected at the skimmer.
7. Start primary sludge pump 1. 7. Turn the ON-OFF switch at the pump drive to ON after
the clarifier tank is full. The pump will run continuously.
8. Observe primary sludge pump 1. 8. Check for noise, heat, and vibration.
9. Set the circular clarifier control for 9. Set the HAND-OFF-AUTO switch at the drive unit to
automatic operation. AUTO so that the clarifier rake drive will operate whenever
slide gate GT 1120 opens. Check the setting of the circular
clarifier shutdown timer; the timer is initially set at 60
minutes.
10. Set the primary clarifier isolation 10. Turn the OFF-ON switch at the gate operator to OFF. In
gate (GT 1120) for automatic this mode, the gate will automatically open when influent
operation. flows exceed 5.25 mgd to divert wastewater to the circular
primary clarifier.
11. Set primary sludge pump 2 for 11. Set the HAND-OFF-AUTO switch at the pump to AUTO.
automatic operation. Under this mode of operation, the sludge pump will
operate whenever the circular clarifier runs.
If the circular primary clarifier is to operate in conjunction with the rectangular primary clarifier at all
plant flows, slide gate GT 1120 must be opened manually by placing the OFF-ON selector switch to
ON and then depressing the OPEN pushbutton at the nearby gate operator panel. As wastewater
completely covers the clarifier floor, start the rake drive by setting its control switch to HAND. When
the clarifier is about one-half full, start primary sludge pump 2 by setting its local controller to HAND.

3.2.3 Normal
Step
1. Check the equipment controls and
the plant SCADA system.
2. Inspect the surface of the clarifiers
for floating sludge or solids. Also note
changes in the appearance of the
influent wastewater.
3. Check the scum collection system.
Operate the skimmer when sufficient
scum has collected.
4. Inspect the sludge collector in the
rectangular clarifier and the rake drive
in the circular clarifier.
5. Check for torque overload at the
clarifiers.
6. Check operation of the sludge
pumps.
Remarks/Response
1. All alarms should be clear. Control switches and
controllers should all be in the desired position or mode of
operation.
2. No rising or floating sludge should be present; the
effluent should be relatively clear and free of heavy solids.
There should not be a build-up of solids on the walls, weirs,
or equipment. Collect samples if anything unusual is
observed.
3. Scum should be forced to the skimmer. There should
not be a build-up of scum on the clarifier walls, weirs, or
equipment.
4. Heat, noise, and vibration should be normal. The chains
in the rectangular clarifier should be in good condition;
scum and rags should be removed from the chains.
5. Check the sludge pumping system or investigate for a
blocking obstruction of the rake or sludge collector if high
torque occurs.
6. Primary sludge pump 1 operates continuously. Primary
sludge pump 2 runs whenever the circular clarifier runs
unless the trickling filter snail pump is operating.

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Step
7. Check the operation of the flow
splitting system if the automatic
control option is in effect.
8. Pump down the primary scum pits.
Thoroughly wash the scum pits down
to prevent excessive odor generation.
9. Periodically check the influent and
effluent BOD, SS, settleable solids, pH,
and temperature.
10. Wash down the clarifiers.
11. Check the sludge pump area.
3.2.4 Shutdown: Rectangular Clarifier
Step
1. Divert all flow to the circular
clarifier. Monitor operation of the
system with the circular clarifier in
service.
2. Close the inlet slide gates at the
rectangular clarifier.
3. Continue to operate the sludge
collector and sludge pump. Operate
the scum skimmer.
4. Shut down the sludge collector and
sludge pump.
5. Drain the clarifier tank.
6. Close the ball valves to shut down
the spray water system for the clarifier.
7. Hose the tank down as it is draining.
8. Completely drain the tank using
primary sludge pump
9. Inspect the clarifier tank and the
sludge collector.
10. Perform preventive maintenance.
Remarks/Response
7. The flow splitting system at the headworks diverts half of
the flow to the circular primary clarifier when the total
influent flow exceeds 5.25 mgd. The clarifier and sludge
pump 2 should start when the gate opens; these units stop
after the gate has closed and the shutdown timer at the
plant SCADA system has timed out.
8. The scum pump for the rectangular clarifier is manually
controlled (ON-OFF); the pump will stop on low flow or
high discharge pressure. Primary sludge pump 2 is used to
pump scum from the circular clarifier; the pump is
manually controlled for pumping scum.
9. Determine the clarifier operating efficiency and compare
against the design criteria and operating history.
10. Hose down the inlet area to remove grease and slime
accumulations. The effluent weir and launder trough
should also be cleaned to avoid algal and slime growths.
11. Hose down the area as needed.
Remarks/Response
1. Open slide gate GT 1120 under manual control.
2. Slide gates SG 1301, SG 1302, and SG 1303 control the
flow into the rectangular clarifier.
3. These units should be operated until the sludge and
scum are removed from the tank.
4. Set the equipment controls to OFF. Lock out and tag the
equipment to prevent accidental start-up while
maintenance work is being performed.
5. Open the tank drain valve located in the primary gallery
to drain the clarifier to the tank drain pumping station.
Regulate the tank drain valve to minimize the effects of
draining the tank on the hydraulics throughout the
treatment plant.
7. Do not stop until the tank is clean since dried sludge is
extremely difficult to remove.
9. Repair equipment as necessary.
10. Refer to the manufacturer's equipment manual.
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3.2.5 Shutdown: Circular Clarifier

Step
1. Bypass the circular clarifier to divert
all flow to the rectangular clarifier.
2. Continue to operate the rake and
sludge pump for the circular clarifier.
3. Shut down the clarifier rake and
sludge pump.
4. Open the drain valve located at the
scum pit.
5. Hose the tank down as it is draining.
6. Completely drain the basin using
primary sludge pump 2.
7. Inspect the clarifier tank and the
sludge collector.
8. Perform preventive maintenance.
Remarks/Response
1. Close slide gate GT 1120 using manual control. Once the
gate is closed, set the gate control to OFF to prevent the
gate from opening if influent flows reach 5.25 mgd. Lock
out and tag the gate to prevent accidental start-up while
maintenance work is being performed.
2. These units should be operated until the sludge and
scum are removed from the tank.
3. Set both controls to OFF. Lock out and tag the
equipment to prevent accidental start-up while
maintenance work is being performed.
4. Drain as much as possible of the tank contents to the
tank drain pumping station. Regulate the tank drain valve
to minimize the effects of draining the tank on the
hydraulics throughout the treatment plant.
5. Clean the walls and equipment completely.
7. Repair equipment as necessary.
8. Refer to the manufacturer's equipment manual.

9. If the tank is to remain empty for an 9. To prevent rust formation on the equipment.
extended period of time, fill the tank
with reclaimed water.
10. Test the equipment periodically to
ensure that it will operate when
needed.

3.3 Process Control

The operational goal of the primary treatment system is to remove a high percentage of the floatable
and settleable solids from the sewage flow.

3.3.1 Sampling and Laboratory Analysis

The influent composite sample collected by the automatic sampler at the headworks will indicate the
condition of the clarifier influent; a composited sample should be taken of the primary influent at least
three times per week. Grab samples of the primary influent should be taken each day for pH testing
The following laboratory analyses are typically conducted on the wastewater samples:
 The influent composite samples are analyzed for 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen
demand (CBOD5), ammonia and suspended solids.
The laboratory techniques for these tests are given in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater, APHA-AWWA-WEF, latest edition.
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3.3.2 Process Control Factors

A number of factors affect the performance of the clarifiers, including the rate of flow through the
clarifiers, wastewater characteristics, and preliminary treatment operations.

3.3.2A Hydraulic Conditions

The performances of the primary clarifiers are significantly affected by the flow characteristics into the
clarifiers. Although the hydraulic conditions are largely out of the operator's control, the following
factors are important:
1) Operate the pumping facilities located throughout the collection system so as to minimize
surges.
2) Care should be taken to avoid hydraulic surges caused by excessive build-up of debris on the bar
screen.
3) Long-term operation of the clarifier will require maintaining the inlet baffles and effluent
launder structures in their intended condition. These structures are primarily responsible for
insuring that the flow through the clarifier does not short-circuit.

3.3.2B Primary Sludge Pumping

The primary sludge pumps are designed to be operable whenever the associated clarifier is operating.
This will maintain a relatively thin sludge (1 to 2 percent solids concentration) to be pumped to the grit
removal system and, from there, to the gravity thickener.

3.3.2C Primary Scum Removal

The primary scum removal system should be controlled to minimize the water content of the scum and
to minimize odor generation at the clarifier. Operate the scum skimmer at the rectangular clarifier as
necessary to remove a moderate build-up of clarifier scum. Adjust the time cycle to minimize the
amount of excess water that flows into the scum hopper during the skimming cycle.

3.3.2D Clarifier Hose Down

Operation of the primary clarifiers should include a routine wash down to remove unsightly
accumulations of algal and bacterial slime growths at the effluent launder. This also minimizes the
production of odors from this material.

3.3.3 Process Calculations and Control Data

3.3.3A Influent and Primary Effluent Solids
The influent and primary effluent solids (pounds per day); this equation can also be used to calculate the
BOD in pounds per day.

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The data required for calculation of the pounds of solids in the primary influent or effluent includes:
1) The wastewater flow rate in million gallons per day (mgd).
2) The solids concentration in the wastewater in milligrams per liter (mg/l).
Example: Determine the amount of solids in the influent and primary effluent for the following
conditions:
Influent flow = 3.0 mgd
Influent suspended solids = 200 mg/l
Influent BOD5 = 180 mg/l
Primary effluent solids = 80 mg/l
Primary effluent BOD5 = 125 mg/l

The solids into and out of the clarifier can be calculated as follows:

3.3.3B BOD and Solids Removal Efficiency

The performance of the primary clarifier in terms of the solids and BOD removal is calculated as follows:

The data required for calculation of the removal efficiency includes:

1) The amount of solids (or BOD) going into the clarifier.
2) The amount of solids (or BOD) in the clarifier effluent.
Example: Determine the solids removal efficiency for the conditions shown in the previous example.
The BOD removal efficiency can also be calculated:

The BOD removal efficiency in the primary clarifier is normally 30 percent, while the suspended solids
removal efficiency is normally 60 percent. If the clarifier performance is significantly below normal,
check the system for possible causes. Clarifier performance will be below normal during times when the
hydraulic loading significantly exceeds the clarifier design.

3.3.3C Settleable Solids Removal Efficiency

It can also be used to calculate the settleable solids removal efficiency, as shown below.
Example: Determine the settleable solids removal efficiency for the following conditions:
Influent settleable solids = 4.5 mg/l
Effluent settleable solids = 0.2 mg/l

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Operations and Maintenance Manual: Chapter 3 – Primary Treatment

3.3.3D Detention Time

The hydraulic detention time can be calculated as shown in following example.
The data required for calculation of the hydraulic detention time includes:
1) The volume of the primary clarifiers in million gallons (MG). The volume of the rectangular
primary clarifier is 0.184 MG; the volume of the circular primary clarifier is 0.249 MG.
2) The total sewage flow to the clarifiers in mgd.

Example: Calculate the hydraulic detention time in the rectangular primary clarifier. The flow recorder
at the main control panel indicates a total plant flow of 5.2 mgd. The circular primary clarifier is out of
service for scheduled maintenance.

3.3.3E Percent Total Solids

The percent total solids in the primary sludge can be calculated as shown below.

The data required for calculation of the percent total solids includes:
1) The grams of dry sludge in 30 to 40 milliliters of a primary sludge grab sample.
2) The volume of sludge sample dried, in milliliters (ml).
Example: Determine the total solids in the primary sludge if 0.3 grams of dry sludge were obtained from
a 30 ml sample.

The total solids concentration of the primary sludge will be about 1 to 2 percent. This is lower than the
concentration typically obtained in primary sludge since the sludge is pumped from the clarifiers
continuously rather than intermittently.

3.3.4 Other Process Impacts

3.3.4A Bar Screens
If the bar screen is not cleaned often enough, water will back up in the channel leading to the screen,
resulting in surges of high flow after the screen has been cleaned. This can cause problems in the
primary clarifiers. Poorly screened debris will damage equipment and will interfere with good operation
of other processes. The operator should keep equipment repair records to see if poor screen operation
has resulted in damage to the primary clarifiers or other plant equipment.

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3.3.4B Flow Metering

Problems with the influent Parshall flumes will impact the operation of equipment paced or controlled
by the flow signal. This may affect slide gate GT 1120, which controls the diversion of wastewater to the
circular primary clarifier. The Parshall flumes must operate correctly to ensure that wastewater is split
to the circular primary clarifier when the influent flow exceeds 5.25 mgd and that the flow is evenly split
between the two primary clarifiers.

3.3.4C Secondary Treatment System

The floatable scum removed from the primary clarifiers is difficult to degrade biologically in the
secondary treatment system. In addition, the settling characteristics of the secondary solids may be
adversely affected if large amounts of grease are allowed to enter the secondary treatment system.

3.4 Troubleshooting
The purpose of this troubleshooting section is to assist the operator in determining the cause of process
problems and to assist the operator in finding solutions to these problems. This section is intended to
supplement the manufacturers' equipment manuals; refer to the manufacturers' equipment manuals for
equipment-specific troubleshooting information.

Symptom Possible Cause Corrective Action

1. Floating or rising sludge
in the primary clarifier.
1a.Sludge collector worn or
damaged.
1b.The sludge pump isn't
pumping, allowing sludge to build
up in the clarifier.
1c.Sludge is collecting in the
clarifier due to a plugged sludge
pipeline.
1d.The control for the primary
sludge pump is set to OFF. The
control for primary sludge pump 1
should be set to ON; sludge pump
2 should be under AUTO control.
1e.The finger baffles in the
rectangular clarifier are missing or
damaged.
1a.Check the equipment for the
proper operation; repair or replace
as necessary.
Use the sludge sampler to measure
the clarifier blanket; check if the
blanket is building in the tank.
Turn the sludge collector OFF
before probing the tank.
1b.Check the sludge pump and
monitor its output. Repair the
pump, as necessary.
1c.Monitor the output of the
primary sludge pump. Flush the
sludge piping if necessary.
1d.Primary sludge pump 1
operates continuously. Under
AUTO control, sludge pump 2 will
automatically start and stop in
conjunction with the position of
slide gate GT 1120 and the
operation of the circular primary
clarifier.
1e.Check the finger baffles; make
sure that they are in place and
undamaged.

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Symptom
2. Black and odorous
wastewater in the
clarifier.
3. Poor BOD and SS
removal efficiency by the
primary clarifier(s).
4. A CIRC CLARIFIER HIGH
TORQUE, REC CLARIFIER
HIGH TORQUE, or REC
CLARIFIER SHEAR PIN
alarm is actuated at the
plant SCADA system.
5. Excessive growth on
the clarifier surfaces and
weirs.
6. Scum overflow to the
secondary treatment
system.
Possible Cause
2a.Sludge collector or sludge rake
worn or damaged.
2b.Septic influent.
2c.Sludge is collecting in the
clarifier.
3a.Slide gate GT 1120
malfunctions or the flow is
unevenly split to the two clarifiers
when influent flows exceed 5.25
mgd.
3b.The wastewater is short
circuiting as it flows through the
clarifier. Dye tests the tank to
determine if the flow is short
circuiting. Visually inspect the
launders to determine if the flow
is unequal.
3c.Sludge is building up in the
clarifier.
4a.Sludge is accumulating in the
clarifier.
4b.A foreign object is blocking the
path of the sludge collector or
rake.
4c.Broken rake mechanism or
sludge collector.
5a.Accumulations of wastewater
solids and resultant growth.
6a.Inadequate scum removal in
the rectangular clarifier.
6b.Worn or damaged scum
wipers.
6c.Improper alignment of the
scum skimmer.
6d.The scum box beach at the
circular clarifier is broken.
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Corrective Action
2a.Check the equipment for the
proper operation; repair or replace
as necessary.
2b.Check the channel aeration
system at the rectangular clarifier.
Pre-chlorinate the plant influent if
necessary.
2c.Refer to Item 1.
3a.Check the settings and
operation of GT 1120. Determine
the cause of the uneven flow split.
3b.Adjust the influent slide gates
and the effluent launder weirs in
the rectangular clarifier as
necessary to alleviate short
circuiting. Also check the finger
baffles and make sure that they are
in place and undamaged.
3c.Refer to Item 1.
4a.Determine the cause for the
sludge accumulation. Refer to
Item 1. Stop the flow into the tank
if the sludge begins to build and
the sludge collector can't be
immediately started.
4b.Bypass and drain the clarifier
and remove the object.
4c.Repair the equipment as
required.
5a.Clean the clarifier surfaces
frequently and thoroughly.
6a.Adjust the scum skimmer timer
at the main control panel to
increase the frequency of scum
skimming.
6b.Clean or replace the wipers.
6c.Adjust the alignment of the
skimmer.
6d.Repair the scum beach.
City of Port Angeles Wastewater Treatment Plant
Operations and Maintenance Manual: Chapter 3 – Primary Treatment

Symptom Possible Cause Corrective Action

7. A scum pump LOW
FLOW alarm is actuated at
the local scum pump
control panel and a SCUM
PUMP TROUBLE alarm is
actuated at the plant
SCADA system.
8. A scum pump HIGH
DISCHARGE PRESSURE
alarm is actuated at the
local scum pump control
panel and a SCUM PUMP
TROUBLE alarm is
actuated at the plant
SCADA system. The pump
discharge pressure
exceeds the set point (120
psig, rising).
9. No seal water is
delivered to the primary
sludge or scum pumps.
7a.The scum pit valve is closed.
7b.The scum pit has been pumped
dry.
7c.The scum piping is obstructed.
8a.A closed discharge valve.
8b.A blockage in the scum piping.
8c.Faulty pressure switch.
9a.The seal water solenoid valve is
inoperable.
9b.Failure of the reclaimed water
supply system.
9c.The filter at the seal water
control unit is plugged.
7a.The scum pit valve should be
open whenever scum is pumped
from the pit.
7b.Monitor the level in the pit
when scum is being pumped.
7c.Isolate the line and drain for
inspection.
8a.Open the discharge valves.
8b.Isolate the line and drain for
inspection.
8c.Repair or replace the pressure
switch.
9a.Check the operation of the
solenoid valve; it should open
whenever the associated pump
operates.
9b.Check the reclaimed water
supply.
9c.Remove, clean, and replace the
filter.

3.5 Preventative Maintenance

The mechanical equipment is taken care of on the routine scheduled maintenance system; follow the
manufacturers' recommendations for inspection and maintenance of equipment. The following items
should also be considered in maintaining the units in the primary treatment system.

3.5.1 Housekeeping
The primary gallery will need special attention to minimize water or sludge accumulation on the floor.
All water and sludge should be quickly hosed into the primary gallery sump. Use a "squeegee" to
remove residual water on the floor. Clean up spills and leakage from equipment as soon as possible to
avoid sanitation and slipping hazards.
Touch up all rust spots on the primary clarification equipment with paint on a regular basis.

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3.5.2 Hose Down

Hose down the rectangular clarifier launder and weir and the scum skimming equipment twice weekly
(or as needed) using 3W high pressure water. This will help to minimize the build-up of scum, debris,
and biological growths and the resulting odors.
The weir and scum skimming equipment at the circular clarifier should be hosed down regularly when
the clarifier is operable. These items should also be hosed down following shutdown of the circular
clarifier.
Brush the clarifier weirs and troughs to remove algal and slime growths.

3.5.3 Inspection
The equipment in the primary treatment system should be routinely inspected as a part of the daily
operator rounds. Observe the operation of the equipment under the normal mode of operation;
equipment which is normally operated in the AUTO mode should also be operated briefly in the HAND
mode. Carefully observe and listen for any indication of abnormal operation, such as obstructions,
unusual noises, or vibration.
Observe the seal water discharge when the primary sludge and scum pumps are operating. Excessive
seal water discharge is an indication of mechanical seal failure.
Inspect the clarifier tanks annually. Check the sludge collector and rake and inspect the equipment for
wear or scoring; repair or replace equipment as necessary.
Check and record the running time of the sludge collectors, primary sludge pumps, and primary scum
pump.
Follow the manufacturers' recommendations for periodic detailed inspection of the equipment.

3.5.4 Flushing
There are several areas of potential plugging and fouling problems in the primary treatment system.
The operating staff should develop a procedure for unplugging each piece of equipment.
Flushing cocks are provided on the suction side of the primary sludge pumps. These can be used to flush
and unplug the sludge lines.
Flush the scum spray nozzles at the rectangular primary clarifier weekly.
Add flushing water to the circular primary clarifier continuously during the winter months when the flow
splitting system is used.
Inspect the drain lines at the scum and sludge pumps to ensure that the seal water is able to flow into
the sump. Unplug the drain by flushing with plant water.
Flush the primary gallery sump as needed to minimize odor generation. Inspect the basket filter for the
water heater and replace filter as needed. Flush water heater as needed.

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3.6 Safety
The hazards listed are associated with work in and around the primary treatment area. Refer to the City
of Port Angeles Public Works and Utilities Accident Prevention Program & Safety Manual.
Operations personnel should be familiar with the manufacturers' equipment manuals and O&M
instructions prior to operation of the primary treatment process. Pertinent safety instructions should
also be reviewed. The operations procedures described in this section should never preclude good, safe
operating techniques or City directives.
When in doubt on how to proceed in a given situation that may not be covered here, contact your
immediate supervisor.

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Figure 3-1. Primary Sedimentation

Process and Instrumentation Diagram

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Operations and Maintenance Manual: Chapter 3 – Primary Treatment

Figure 3-2. Primary Sludge Pumps

Process and Instrumentation Diagram

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Operations and Maintenance Manual: Chapter 3 – Primary Treatment

Figure 3-3. Clarifier Flow Control Gates

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Figure 3-4. Rectangular Primary Clarifier

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