22/05/2024, 23:33 Prelim Lab Exam: Attempt review

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Started on Wednesday, 22 May 2024, 7:34 PM

State Finished
Completed on Wednesday, 22 May 2024, 8:32 PM
Time taken 57 mins 16 secs
Marks 40.00/50.00
Grade 80.00 out of 100.00

Question 1
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a way in which Gödel's incompleteness theorems have influenced the field of philosophy?

Select one:
a. They have led to new discussions about the nature of reality
b. They have sparked debates about the limits of knowledge
c. They have led to the abandonment of the use of reasoning
d. They have led to the development of new philosophical systems

Question 2

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In a binary cost matrix, what is the cost of predicting the negative class when the actual class is positive called?

Select one:
a. The false positive cost
b. The true positive cost
c. The true negative cost
d. The false negative cost

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Question 3

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the main principle behind greedy search algorithms?

Select one:
a. Minimizing the cost of the path
b. Minimizing the number of steps in the path
c. Maximizing the number of steps in the path
d. Maximizing the cost of the path

Question 4

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a way in which Gödel's incompleteness theorems have influenced the field of philosophy of
mathematics?

Select one:
a. They have sparked debates about the relationship between mathematics and reality
b. They have led to the development of new philosophical theories about mathematics
c. They have led to the abandonment of the study of the philosophy of mathematics
d. They have led to new discussions about the nature of mathematical truth

Question 5
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In which of the following scenarios would a heuristic search algorithm be most useful?

Select one:
a. When the search space is small and the optimal solution is important
b. When the search space is small and the optimal solution is not important
c. When the search space is large and the optimal solution is not important
d. When the search space is large and the optimal solution is important

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Question 6

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In what way is the principle of maximum entropy related to the principle of maximum ignorance?

Select one:
a. The principle of maximum entropy is a special case of the principle of maximum ignorance 
b. They are independent of each other
c. The principle of maximum ignorance is a special case of the principle of maximum entropy
d. They are equivalent

Question 7

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In uncertain knowledge, which of the following is a valid inference rule that allows you to infer the truth of a statement based on the
falsehood of another statement and the truth of a third statement?

Select one:
a. Disjunctive syllogism
b. Modus ponens
c. Modus tollens 
d. Affirming the consequent

Question 8
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the main disadvantage of using a greedy search algorithm?

Select one:
a. They are not guaranteed to find a solution
b. They are not guaranteed to find the optimal solution
c. They may not consider all possible options before making a decision
d. They can be slow when searching large spaces

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Question 9

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In uncertain knowledge, which of the following is a valid inference rule that allows you to infer the truth of a statement based on the
falsehood of its opposite?

Select one:
a. Modus ponens
b. Affirming the consequent
c. Denying the antecedent
d. Modus tollens

Question 10
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

If there are two equally likely outcomes, what is the probability of both occurring?

Select one:
a. 100%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 0%

Question 11
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Gödel's incompleteness theorems?

Select one:
a. There are always false but unprovable statements within a given formal system
b. There are always unprovable statements within a given formal system
c. There are always true but unprovable statements within a given formal system
d. There are always provable statements within a given formal system

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Question 12

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a way in which Gödel's incompleteness theorems have influenced the field of mathematics education?

Select one:
a. They have sparked debates about the importance of proof in mathematics
b. They have led to the development of new mathematics curricula
c. They have led to the development of new teaching methods
d. They have led to the abandonment of the study of mathematics

Question 13

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is an example of a data mining task?

Select one:
a. Determining the best location for a new store based on population data
b. Organizing data into a database
c. Collecting data from multiple sources
d. Visualizing data on a chart

Question 14
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

How is the Shannon entropy calculated in maximum entropy without explicit constraints?

Select one:
a. By taking the mean of the probabilities of all the events in the distribution
b. By taking the median of the probabilities of all the events in the distribution
c. By summing the logarithms of the probabilities of all the events in the distribution
d. By summing the probabilities of all the events in the distribution

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Question 15

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the goal of maximum entropy without explicit constraints?

Select one:
a. To make the most accurate predictions about the data
b. To maximize the likelihood of the data
c. To fit the data as closely as possible
d. To find the most probable distribution of the data given the available information

Question 16

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Can Bayes' theorem be used to calculate the probability of an event occurring based on multiple other events?

Select one:
a. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) + P(C|A) + ...
b. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) * P(C|A) * ...
c. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring independently of any other events
d. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring given another event

Question 17
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

What is an example of a problem that can be solved using depth-first search?

Select one:
a. Finding the shortest path between two nodes in a graph
b. Finding the largest number in a list
c. Determining if a graph is bipartite
d. Sorting a list of numbers 

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Question 18

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT an example of a problem that could be solved using a greedy search algorithm?

Select one:
a. Solving a puzzle such as the Tower of Hanoi
b. Sorting a list of numbers in ascending order
c. Finding the shortest path between two points on a map
d. Solving the knapsack problem (choosing a set of items to maximize value while staying within a weight limit)

Question 19

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the process of using A* search to find the shortest path between two nodes called?

Select one:
a. Route planning
b. Node expansion
c. Pathfinding
d. Graph traversal

Question 20
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Can Bayes' theorem be used to calculate the probability of an event occurring given multiple other events that are not independent of
each other?

Select one:
a. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) * P(C|A) * ...
b. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring given another event
c. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) + P(C|A) + ...
d. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring independently of any other events

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Question 21

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Can Bayes' theorem be used to calculate the probability of an event occurring given multiple other events that are independent of
each other?

Select one:
a. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring given another event
b. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) + P(C|A) + ...
c. Yes, by using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) * P(C|A) * ... 
d. No, Bayes' theorem can only be used to calculate the probability of one event occurring independently of any other events

Question 22
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Alpha-beta pruning is used in minimax algorithms for two-player games, where one player is trying to maximize the score and the
other player is trying to minimize the score. In this context, alpha represents:

Select one:
a. The minimum score that the minimizing player is trying to achieve
b. The maximum score that the maximizing player is trying to achieve 
c. The minimum score that the maximizing player is assured of
d. The maximum score that the minimizing player is assured of

Question 23
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a way in which Gödel's incompleteness theorems have influenced the field of mathematics?

Select one:
a. They have led to the abandonment of the axiomatic method
b. They have led to the development of new proof techniques
c. They have led to the development of new mathematical systems
d. They have sparked debates about the nature of truth and proof

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Question 24

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In a binary cost matrix, how many rows and columns are there?

Select one:
a. 2 rows and 1 column
b. 1 row and 1 column
c. 1 row and 2 columns
d. 2 rows and 2 columns

Question 25

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In a cost matrix, what does the rows represent?

Select one:
a. The probability of a prediction
b. The predicted class
c. The cost of making a prediction
d. The actual class

Question 26
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In what type of search problem is it guaranteed that a heuristic search algorithm will find the optimal solution?

Select one:
a. Decision tree problems
b. Constraint satisfaction problems 
c. None of the above
d. Traveling salesman problems

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Question 27

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the process of adding new nodes to the search tree in A* search called?

Select one:
a. Node expansion
b. Graph traversal
c. Pathfinding
d. Route planning

Question 28

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In a binary cost matrix, what is the cost of predicting the positive class when the actual class is positive called?

Select one:
a. The true negative cost
b. The true positive cost
c. The false negative cost 
d. The false positive cost

Question 29
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In a cost matrix, which of the following represents the lowest priority risk?

Select one:
a. Low likelihood, high impact
b. High likelihood, high impact
c. High likelihood, low impact
d. Low likelihood, low impact

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Question 30

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following statements about Gödel's incompleteness theorems is NOT true?

Select one:
a. They prove that all formal systems are complete
b. They show that some statements within a formal system are undecidable
c. They prove that all formal systems are consistent
d. They demonstrate the inherent limitations of any formal system

Question 31

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

How do you calculate the probability of multiple events occurring independently of each other using Bayes' theorem?

Select one:
a. By using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) / P(B) * P(C) / P(D) * ...
b. By using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) * P(C|A) * ...
c. By using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) * P(B|A) + P(C|A) + ...
d. By using the formula P(A|B) = P(A) / P(B) + P(C) / P(D) + ...

Question 32
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a factor that should be considered when deciding whether or not to use LEXMED?

Select one:
a. The specific needs of the medical practice
b. The preferences of the medical professionals
c. The legal and ethical implications of using LEXMED
d. The cost of the LEXMED subscription

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Question 33

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a type of supervised learning algorithm?

Select one:
a. Neural networks
b. Clustering
c. K-nearest neighbors
d. Decision trees

Question 34

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In first-order predicate logic, what is a Herbrand interpretation?

Select one:
a. A set of functions that satisfy a given formula
b. A set of objects that satisfy a given formula
c. A set of logical symbols that satisfy a given formula
d. A set of predicates that satisfy a given formula

Question 35
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the name of the godelized system of logic that is based on the axioms of intuitionistic type theory?

Select one:
a. PA set theory
b. ZFC set theory
c. PA+ set theory
d. ZF set theory

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Question 36

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is a cost matrix in the context of machine learning?

Select one:
a. A matrix that represents the cost of deploying a model
b. A matrix that represents the cost of training a model
c. A matrix that represents the cost of implementing a model
d. A matrix that represents the cost of making predictions

Question 37

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

If there are 10 equally likely outcomes, what is the probability of any one of them occurring?

Select one:
a. 25%
b. 10%
c. 0%
d. 100%

Question 38
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following statements about iterative deepening is NOT true?

Select one:
a. It is a depth-first search algorithm
b. It requires more memory to store the visited nodes than a breadth-first search algorithm
c. It is a breadth-first search algorithm 
d. It requires more computation time to search the tree than a breadth-first search algorithm

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Question 39

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In uncertain knowledge, which of the following is a valid inference rule that allows you to infer the truth of a statement based on the
truth of multiple other statements?

Select one:
a. Affirming the consequent
b. Modus ponens
c. Conjunction
d. Modus tollens

Question 40
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

What does LEXMED stand for?

Select one:
a. Linux Extension for Medical Devices
b. Legal and Ethical Medical Decision-Making 
c. Legal and Medical Expert System
d. Local Exchange for Medical Data

Question 41
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In a cost matrix, what does the likelihood of a risk occurring refer to?

Select one:
a. The frequency of the risk
b. The impact of the risk
c. The duration of the risk
d. The probability of the risk occurring

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Question 42

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In what type of machine learning problems is a cost matrix typically used?

Select one:
a. Classification problems
b. Regression problems
c. Dimensionality reduction problems
d. Clustering problems

Question 43

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using LEXMED?

Select one:
a. Limited accessibility
b. Limited scope of legal guidance
c. Limited scope of medical guidance
d. Limited user support

Question 44
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

How does minmax search work?

Select one:
a. By evaluating all possible moves and selecting the one that leads to the lowest score for the player and the highest score for
the opponent
b. By evaluating all possible moves and selecting the one with the highest score
c. By evaluating all possible moves and selecting the one with the lowest score
d. By evaluating all possible moves and selecting the one that leads to the highest score for the player and the lowest score 
for the opponent

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Question 45

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In uncertain knowledge, which of the following is a valid inference rule that allows you to infer the truth of a statement based on the
truth of another statement and the truth of a third statement?

Select one:
a. Modus tollens 
b. Hypothetical syllogism
c. Modus ponens
d. Affirming the consequent

Question 46
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In first-order predicate logic, what is a closed formula?

Select one:
a. A formula that contains only predicates
b. A formula that contains a free variable
c. A formula that is always true
d. A formula that contains only closed terms

Question 47
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In Dempster-Shafer theory, the "conflict resolution rule" is used to:

Select one:
a. Combine the beliefs and plausibilities of multiple events
b. Calculate the probability of an event occurring
c. Resolve conflicts between the beliefs and plausibilities of multiple events
d. Ensure that the belief and plausibility functions are properly normalized

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Question 48

Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the relationship between the Shannon entropy and the information in a distribution in maximum entropy without explicit
constraints?

Select one:
a. The Shannon entropy is proportional to the information in a distribution
b. The Shannon entropy is the information in a distribution
c. The Shannon entropy is the inverse of the information in a distribution
d. The Shannon entropy is maximized when the information in a distribution is uniform

Question 49
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a statement to be considered provable within a godelized system of logic?

Select one:
a. It is a combination of theorems of the system
b. It is a negation of a theorem of the system
c. It is a contradiction of a theorem of the system
d. It is a theorem of the system

Question 50
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In a cost matrix, what does the impact of a risk refer to?

Select one:
a. The duration of the risk
b. The probability of the risk occurring
c. The severity of the risk
d. The frequency of the risk

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