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Tutorial 6: Creating Fixed-Width Layouts
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ____ has a standard method for creating Web page layouts.

a. HTML c. CSS
b. Windows d. none of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 296
2. A layout that does not appear on the screen as planned is called a ____.
a. failed layout c. column drop
b. broken layout d. fluid layout
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 296
3. In the fixed-width layout, the page and columns ____.

a. are set to a certain width using the percentage values
b. expand and contract to fill the entire screen
c. are set to a certain width using pixel values
d. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 296
4. Widget ____ are software add-ons used to enhance a particular browser.

a. layouts c. apps
b. sidebars d. applets
5. Older versions of ____ always displayed a vertical scroll bar.

a. Firefox c. Windows
b. Internet Explorer d. all of the above
6. The box marked 1 in the accompanying figure is a ____.
a. nav c. heading
b. header d. sidebar

a. header c. nav
b. footer d. main content area

a. sidebar c. main content area
b. nav d. header
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 300

a. section column c. main content area
b. sidebar d. content column
a. bottom bar c. “contact us” bar
b. nav d. footer
11. Which of the following is a block-level container that does not have any formatting associated with it
but is used with an ID or class to apply CSS styles?
a. divide c. split
b. div d. table
12. An id selector can be used to select ____ on the same page.

a. not more than two elements c. as many elements as needed
b. only one instance of a particular element d. several elements as class selectors
13. The ____ selector is used to select all of the elements on the Web page.
a. universal c. id
b. class d. element
14. It is a good coding practice to zero-out any margins and padding using the ____ selector.
a. id c. class
b. universal d. any of the above
15. The universal selector ____.

a. starts with an asterisk followed by the selector name
b. starts with an asterisk
c. starts with the # flag
d. none of the above
16. When one value is given for padding, the value is applied to ____.
a. all four sides of the box
b. the right and left sides of the box only
c. the top and bottom sides of the box
d. none of the above; it is not possible to only give one value for padding
17. When four values are given for margins, they are applied to each side in the following order: ____.
a. left, right, top, bottom c. right, top, bottom, left
b. top, right, bottom, left d. left, top, right, bottom
18. Which of the following is NOT a container section function?

a. It determines the width of the page layout.
b. It can be used to apply a background color.
c. It determines the height of the page layout.
d. It can be used to center the layout horizontally.
19. If your screen width is 1024 pixels, which of the following is an illegal width for your layout?
a. 800 c. 960
b. 900 d. 1024
20. Another term for a container section is ____.

a. wrapper c. holder
b. box d. all of the above
21. Which of the following values for left and right margins centers the layout?
a. center c. equal
b. default d. auto
22. All content should fit in the column ____.

a. height c. width
b. dimension d. both a and c
23. If the width in the container div is set to 900 pixels, which of the following breaks the layout?
a. Header div has a width of 820 pixels.
b. Footer div has a width of 900 pixels.
c. Sidebar div has a width of 150 pixels and main column has a width of 760 pixels.
d. Sidebar div has a width of 200 pixels and main column has a width of 700 pixels.
24. Which of the following widths is the largest?

a. column width c. parent container width
b. child container width d. content width
25. The width that defines the size of the containing box is called ____.
a. content width c. parent container width
b. column width d. none of the above
26. The ____ container width is the width of the containing box.
a. master c. baseline
b. parent d. comprehensive
27. The parent container for all elements in a document is ____.

a. div c. elements
b. body d. all-elements
28. An example of content is ____.

a. an image c. a table
b. text d. all of the above
29. If the width of the parent container section is 960 pixels, margins are 20 pixels, border is 0 pixels, and
padding values are 10 pixels, then the content width would be ____ pixels.
a. 900 c. 930
b. 920 d. 860
30. The nav usually contains links to ____.

a. other Web sites c. different places in the same page
b. other content areas within the Web site d. any Web page
31. A white space between side-by-side columns can be set up using which of the following?
a. the left margin of the left column c. the right margin of the left column
b. the right margin of the right column d. none of the above
32. The ____ element is an HTML element that marks content that is not the main content but is extra, or
tangential content.
a. tangential c. aside
b. correlated d. associated
33. If a class is ____, it can be applied only to a particular element.

a. independent c. correlated
b. dependent d. indexed
34. If a class is ____, it can be applied to any element.

a. dependent c. correlated
b. indexed d. independent
35. When an element is displayed in the exact specified position, ____ positioning is used.
a. default c. absolute
b. relative d. center
36. Which of the following is a positioning type?

a. default c. justified
b. relative d. centering
37. The bottom property with a positive value moves the element ____.
a. away from the top edge of the screen c. down
b. up d. closer to the bottom edge of the screen
38. You can make an ID selector ____ an element.

a. indexed to c. valid for
b. positioned with d. dependent on
39. ID selectors can be created by entering the ____ flag character followed by the ID selector name.
a. % c. ^
b. # d. &
40. The top property with a negative value positions an element ____.
a. above the normal position
b. below the normal position
c. none of the above; negative values are invalid
d. none of the above; does not have any effect
41. The values for the left and top properties can be expressed in ____.
a. pixels c. em values
b. percentages d. all of the above
42. Which of the following positioning values is used most often?

a. bottom
b. left
c. right
d. All of these properties are used equally often.
43. ____ text is another term for placeholder text.

a. Display c. Showcase
b. Filler d. In situ
44. As shown in the accompanying figure, the box-shadow property sets the values for the ____ around
an element.
a. placeholder shadow c. drop-shadow
b. document flow d. element shadow
45. As shown in the accompanying figure, a positive h-shadow value pushes the shadow ____.
a. to the left c. down
b. up d. to the right
46. As shown in the accompanying figure, a positive ____ value pushes the shadow down.
a. shadow-down c. push-shadow
b. v-shadow d. h-shadow
47. As shown in the accompanying figure, the border-radius property sets the size of the ____ of an
element.
a. square corners c. vertices
b. round corners d. perimeter
48. As shown in the accompanying figure, the ____ value of the box-shadow property specifies the
amount of blur around the edges.
a. distort c. distend
b. visibility d. blur
49. ____ columns are the columns that appear to the left or to the right of the main column.
a. Sidebar c. Section
b. Flanking d. all of the above
50. The order of the content in the document flow is defined by ____.
a. element order c. source order
b. stack order d. container order
51. Which of the following properties creates a 3D shadow effect like the kind in the accompanying
figure?
a. 3D-shadow c. drop-shadow
b. box-shadow d. h-shadow
52. Which of the following values for the box-shadow property shown in the accompanying figure will
specify how far the shadow will push to the right?
a. spread c. offset
b. shadow-right d. h-shadow
53. As shown in the accompanying figure, the ____ value for the box-shadow property specifies the
additional width of the shadow.
a. offset c. spread
b. shadow-width d. v-shadow
54. As shown in the accompanying figure, the ____ value for the box-shadow property specifies how
far the shadow will drop.
a. h-shadow c. drop
b. descent d. v-shadow
55. With the box-shadow property, you can specify all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. the size of the shadow c. the width of the blur along the shadow
b. the depth of the shadow d. the distance it is offset from the element
56. The value to place a shadow inside an element is ____.

a. interior c. inside
b. within d. inset
57. With the box-shadow property, set the blur value to ____ to create a shadow with sharp edges.
a. 0 c. sharp
b. none d. maximum
58. Which of the following is NOT a border-radius property?

a. border-top-left-radius c. border-center-left-radius
b. border-bottom-right-radius d. border-bottom-left-radius
59. Which of the following measurements CANNOT be used to indicate the values of the
border-radius properties?
a. px c. auto
b. em d. percent
60. The shorthand property for border-radius can specify four values in a clockwise direction as
follows: ____.
a. top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left
b. bottom-left, bottom-right, top-right, top-left
c. top-right, top-left, bottom-left, bottom-right
d. bottom-right, bottom-left, top-left, top-right
61. Be sure to ____ the figcaption element inside the figure element.
a. scroll c. nest
b. base d. hide
62. When an image is provided for informational purposes, it can be marked with the ____ element rather
than a paragraph or another block-level element.
a. image c. graphic
b. picture d. figure
63. The figure element can include a caption, which you mark using the ____ element.
a. footer c. label
b. legend d. figcaption
64. To import rules from one style sheet into another one, the ____ rule needs to be used.
a. @imp c. import
b. @import d. imp
65. What is wrong with the code @import url(header.css)?
a. The file extension is not needed.
b. The semicolon at the end of the statement is missing.
c. The @ symbol is not needed.
d. Nothing is wrong; everything is syntactically correct.
66. The correct place for the @import rule is ____.

a. right after ‘<style’ and before ‘type="text/css">’
b. anywhere within style elements
c. after the <style> element and before any of the style rules
d. above the opening <style> element
67. A(n) ____ CSS style sheet specifically helps developers start with a clean slate.
a. automatic c. reset
b. baseline d. hidden
68. Web developers have a collection of various ____, with CSS, for common layouts such as two-column
and three-column designs.
a. indices c. wizards
b. templates d. baselines
69. Calculating the specificity using weighting methodology, which of the following selectors have the
highest weight?
a. id selectors c. class selectors
b. element selectors d. type selectors
70. Calculating the specificity using weighting methodology, which of the following selectors have the
lowest weight?
a. class selectors c. id selectors
b. element selectors d. universal selectors
Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions

Case 6-1
Kyra is designing a new Web page for her college volleyball team, and she receives some help from
Max. He is not as experienced in Web design as Kyra is, and she provides a primer in terminology so
they can clearly understand each other.
71. Kyra wants to put the college’s logo and team banner in the bar at the top of the page. What does she
tell Max is the term for this space?
a. footer c. sidebar
b. header d. navbar
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 299 TOP: Critical Thinking
72. Max suggests that it would be nice to have a vertical column down the side of the page with links to
players’ individual pages. What is this column called?
a. navbar c. content
b. sidebar d. main window
73. Where does Kyra tell Max the primary page content should be placed?
a. header c. main content area
b. footer d. sidebar
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 300 TOP: Critical Thinking
74. Max asks Kyra where the team contact information should go. Kyra says that the common place is the
bottom of the page. What is this space called?
a. banner c. bottom bar
b. footer d. sidebar
75. The layout that Kyra and Max selected includes five boxes that will contain different information.
What is the name of the large box in which they can place all other boxes?
a. container section c. wrapper
b. table d. both a and c
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 305 TOP: Critical Thinking
Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions

Case 6-2
Leon recently started to use CSS positioning properties to position his Web page elements and has
been very frustrated. He asked his cousin James to give him some examples and general information
that will help him better understand what to do.
76. Which of the following does James tell Leon that he can use with relative positioning to position an
image 30 pixels to the left from its current position?
a. left: 30px c. right: -30px
b. left: -30px d. left: 30em
77. Which of the following does James tell Leon that he can use with absolute positioning to position an
image 50 pixels from the top?
a. top: -50px c. bottom: -50px
b. top: 50em d. top: 50px
78. Which of the following units of measurement is NOT available for Leon to express values for
positioning properties?
a. picas c. percentages
b. pixels d. points
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 323 TOP: Critical Thinking
79. Which of the following is NOT a true statement James can make to Leon?
a. The left property with a positive value positions an element a certain distance from the
left edge of the screen.
b. The top property with a positive value positions an element a certain distance from the
top edge of the screen.
c. The bottom property with a negative value will move an element down the screen.
d. The right property with a negative value will move an element to the left.
80. After using positioning values for a while, Leon is surprised to see one of the following values in the
code of his cousin James because that value is not used nearly as often as the other values. Which of
the following values is he surprised to see?
a. left c. bottom
b. top d. none of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 323 TOP: Critical Thinking
TRUE/FALSE
1. CSS has a standard method for creating Web page layouts.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 296
2. In the fluid layout, pages and columns are set to a certain width.
3. A horizontal header on the top of the page usually is used to display a banner or corporate logo.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 299
4. The div container is a block-level container.
5. An id selector can be used to select several elements on a page.
6. Two elements on the same page can have the same id attribute.
7. The name of an id selector starts with the # flag character.
8. To center a layout, you apply auto as the value for the left and right margins.
9. A navbar is always placed below the header.

10. You cannot include more than one aside element in a Web page.
11. The top and bottom margins for an element figure into the calculation for the column width and the
content width.
12. If the footer element has the bottom margins set at 0, it is flush with the bottom of the browser
window.
13. The element can be moved to the right using a positive value for the right property.
14. The use of lorem ipsum text began with Web design.
15. Lorem ipsum text is Latin text that is not distracting because it looks more like natural language, as
opposed to using placeholder words that are repeated over and over again.
16. In a three-column layout, the header, nav, and footer elements span the full width of the
container.
17. Individual corners can be rounded separately using individual border-radius properties like those
shown in the accompanying figure.
18. For columns that are side-by-side, nonfloated elements must be displayed before floated elements.
19. Rounded corners increase the amount of space available for content in an element.

20. The @import rule allows users to import one style sheet into another.
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. The tangential element marks content that is not the main content. _________________________
ANS: F, aside
PTS: 1 REF: HTML 294
2. Layouts are said to be fluid if they expand and contract when the window is resized.
_________________________
3. A narrow column used to display links and content of secondary importance is called a(n) nav.
_________________________
ANS: F, sidebar
4. Someone who uses the universal selector habitually could remove the default behavior of an element
and forget to restyle it. _________________________
5. The value 0 is one of the few values in CSS code that needs a unit of measurement.
_________________________
ANS: F
does not need
doesn’t need
6. Elements are boxes and as such they make full use of properties such as margins, borders, and
padding. _________________________
7. When using relative positioning, an element is displayed in the exact position specified by the
developer. _________________________
ANS: F, absolute
8. The top property with a negative value positions an element below the normal position.
_________________________
ANS: F, above
9. Side columns are columns that appear to the left or to the right of the main column.
_________________________
ANS: F, Flanking
10. The spread value of the box-shadow property is required. _________________________
ANS: F, optional
11. With the box-shadow property, the value to place the shadow outside the element is exterior.
_________________________
ANS: F, outset
12. With the box-shadow property, the h-shadow value shifts the shadow to the left.
_________________________
ANS: F, right
13. With the box-shadow property, the v-shadow value shifts the shadow down.
_________________________
14. With the box-shadow property, the interior value is the shadow placement inside an element.
_________________________
ANS: F, inset
15. With the border-radius property, to achieve a wider curve, you use a smaller number of pixels
for the value. _________________________
ANS: F, larger
COMPLETION
1. In a(n) ____________________ layout, the column widths don’t change when the browser window
changes size.
ANS:
fixed-width
fixed width
2. A(n) ____________________ is a div element created for formatting purposes that contains one or
more elements.
ANS:
wrapper
container
3. The ____________________ selector defines the rules for the part of the Web page that surrounds the
content section.
ANS: body
4. A(n) ____________________ is the margin space between elements.
ANS: gutter
5. Most Web browsers display a vertical ____________________ only if the page content exceeds one
screen.
ANS: scroll bar
6. A(n) ____________________ is a row at the bottom of the Web page, which usually displays the
contact information for the Web site.
ANS: footer
7. The ____________________ selector is used to select all of the elements on the Web page.
ANS: universal
8. In CSS code, the universal selector is represented as a(n) ____________________.

ANS:
asterisk
*
9. ____________________ is a term used to describe a container section.
ANS:
Wrapper
wrapper
10. The ____________________ is the width of the content inside a container.
ANS: content width
11. The ____________________ describes how the contents of the page are recognized by the browser.
ANS: document flow
12. The ____________________ property value positions an element a certain distance from the left edge
of the screen.
ANS: left
13. The ____________________ element contains an <img> element for image content such as artwork
or a map.
ANS: figure
14. The ____________________ element marks the caption for a figure element.
ANS: figcaption
15. The order of the content in the document flow is called a(n) ____________________.
ANS: source order

16. When you alter code to accommodate a style effect, leave an explanation in a(n)
____________________ so it’s clear to you why the change was made when you look at the code
later.
ANS: comment
17. A collection of frequently used styles is called a(n) ____________________.
ANS: style sheet library
18. A style can be imported into an external style sheet using the ____________________ rule.
ANS: @import
19. Web developers often have a collection of CSS code that handles specific style properties for specific
____________________.
ANS:
browsers
Web browsers
versions of Web browsers
20. To resolve style conflicts among different types of selectors, CSS uses ____________________.
ANS: specificity
MATCHING
Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition.
a. bottom g. document flow
b. relative positioning h. gutter
c. widget sidebars i. placeholder text
d. aside j. fixed-width
e. header k. broken
f. wrapper l. fluid
1. A layout that does not appear on the screen as planned
2. The text used to demonstrate the typography or layout in a document
3. Describes how the contents of a page are recognized by the browser
4. The property that moves an element up if its value is positive
5. A software add-on used to enhance a particular browser
6. The row that appears on the top of the Web page
7. A div element created for formatting purposes that contains one or more elements
8. An element that marks content that is not the main content
9. Shifting the element’s position from the point where it normally would appear in the document flow
10. A space between the section column and the main column
11. A type of layout in which the column widths don’t change when the browser window changes size
12. A layout that expands or contracts so the content fills the entire screen
1. ANS: K PTS: 1 REF: HTML 296

2. ANS: I PTS: 1 REF: HTML 324
3. ANS: G PTS: 1 REF: HTML 323
4. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 323
5. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 296
6. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: HTML 299
7. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 294
8. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 294
9. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 323
10. ANS: H PTS: 1 REF: HTML 295
11. ANS: J PTS: 1 REF: HTML 294
12. ANS: L PTS: 1 REF: HTML 296
ESSAY
1. Provide some recommendations for making your code consistent.
ANS:
When creating a style for an id, class, or element selector, it’s a good coding practice to list the
properties in the following order: width, margin, border, and padding. Grouping properties in
this order will help you to locate the pixel values needed to determine the content width. Also, in
fixed-width layouts, you should use a pixel value rather than a keyword for the border width. Browsers
interpret keyword values slightly differently and may assign more or less thickness to a keyword
value. Miscalculating by even one or two pixels could break your layout. For the remaining style
declarations, group the color property with the background-color and background-image
properties. Group the font properties, listing them in the specific order required, and list all of the other
properties and values for the selector in alphabetic order.
PTS: 1 REF: HTML 310 TOP: Critical Thinking
2. Explain what placeholder text is and why it is used.
ANS:
During the process of designing a Web site, a Web developer or designer is likely to use placeholder
text in place of real content during the design of the layout. Placeholder text is text used solely to
demonstrate the typography or layout in a document, and is also called dummy text or filler text.
Although placeholder text can be any word or short phrase repeated, this may be misleading or
distracting during the design phase. For instance, if a client or designer is distracted by reading this is
placeholder text or a word or phrase that is repeated and used as placeholder text, then the client or
designer is not as focused on the layout and design elements.
Instead, many designers use lorem ipsum text, which is Latin text that is not distracting because it
looks more like natural language, as opposed to using placeholder words that are repeated over and
over again. When you glance at this text, it looks like any paragraph. When you start to read it, you
notice that the words are Latin. It’s not distracting because it has the variety of words, characters, and
punctuation that any paragraph has. But it’s not content, so it also does not distract a client or designer
with a readable message. Many Web sites generate lorem ipsum text, and some word-processing
applications and Web design tools do as well. You can use as much of the text as you need, with short
snippets for links and longer paragraphs for blocks of content. After the layout design is complete, you
substitute the real content in place of the lorem ipsum text.
The use of lorem ipsum text did not begin with Web design. This technique has a long history that
goes back to typesetting in the 1500s. The standard lorem ipsum text is a long quote from The
Extremes of Good and Evil, written by Cicero in 45 BCE. Today there are many forms of the lorem
ipsum text widely used as placeholder text.
3. Briefly describe some common CSS style tools that developers have handy so that they do not need to
recreate the same CSS for each Web site they build.
ANS:
Reset sheet—Because browsers handle default margins, padding, and fonts differently, a reset CSS
style sheet that specifically resets individual settings helps developers to start with a clean slate.
Templates—Web developers have a collection of various templates, with CSS, for common layouts
such as two-column and three-column designs.
Browser-specific CSS—Because browsers handle advanced CSS techniques differently, Web
developers will have a collection of CSS code that handles specific style properties for specific Web
browsers or versions of Web browsers.

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1. ____ has a standard method for creating Web page layouts.

3. In the fixed-width layout, the page and columns ____.

4. Widget ____ are software add-ons used to enhance a particular browser.

5. Older versions of ____ always displayed a vertical scroll bar.

7. The box marked 2 in the accompanying figure is a ____.

8. The box marked 3 in the accompanying figure is a ____.

9. The box marked 4 in the accompanying figure is a ____.

12. An id selector can be used to select ____ on the same page.

15. The universal selector ____.

18. Which of the following is NOT a container section function?

20. Another term for a container section is ____.

22. All content should fit in the column ____.

24. Which of the following widths is the largest?

27. The parent container for all elements in a document is ____.

28. An example of content is ____.

30. The nav usually contains links to ____.

33. If a class is ____, it can be applied only to a particular element.

34. If a class is ____, it can be applied to any element.

36. Which of the following is a positioning type?

38. You can make an ID selector ____ an element.

42. Which of the following positioning values is used most often?

43. ____ text is another term for placeholder text.

56. The value to place a shadow inside an element is ____.

58. Which of the following is NOT a border-radius property?

66. The correct place for the @import rule is ____.

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions

1. CSS has a standard method for creating Web page layouts.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 296

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 296

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 299

4. The div container is a block-level container.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 301

5. An id selector can be used to select several elements on a page.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 301

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 301

7. The name of an id selector starts with the # flag character.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 301

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 306

9. A navbar is always placed below the header.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 315

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 315

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 322

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 323

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 324

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 324

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 326

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 326

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 331

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 338

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 353

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 294

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 296

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 300