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(Download PDF) Pierson and Fairchilds Principles Techniques of Patient Care 5th Edition Fairchild Test Bank Full Chapter
(Download PDF) Pierson and Fairchilds Principles Techniques of Patient Care 5th Edition Fairchild Test Bank Full Chapter
(Download PDF) Pierson and Fairchilds Principles Techniques of Patient Care 5th Edition Fairchild Test Bank Full Chapter
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Fairchild: Pierson and Fairchild's Principles & Techniques of Patient
Care, 5th Edition
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which cardinal plane divides the body into left and right components?
A. Sagittal
B. Frontal
C. Coronal
D. Transverse
ANS: A
The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right components.
The frontal (or coronal) plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior)
and back (posterior) components. The transverse plane is a horizontal plane that divides the
body into upper and lower components.
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3. Which type of motion involves no voluntary contraction of muscle and, therefore, will not
help prevent muscle atrophy?
A. Passive range of motion (PROM)
B. Active range of motion (AROM)
C. Active assistive range of motion (AAROM)
D. All of the above involve voluntary muscle contraction
ANS: A
Passive range of motion (PROM) is the movement of a joint or body segment by a force
external to the body, within an unrestricted and normal range of motion without active,
voluntary muscle contraction by the patient.
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2002, 1999, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 6-2
PTS: 1
4. What planes of motion are most closely associated with proprioceptive neuromuscular
facilitation (PNF)?
A. Straight planes
B. Frontal and sagittal planes only
C. Transverse and sagittal planes only
D. Diagonal planes
ANS: D
PNF is a treatment technique that uses various stimuli to affect the muscle or joint
proprioceptors to facilitate or alter movement responses. PROM and AROM can be
performed in the traditional anatomic planes. They can also be performed in diagonal
planes of motion using the patterns of PNF.
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6. What degree of hip flexion is contraindicated for a patient who has recently undergone a
total hip replacement posteriorly?
A. 40 degrees
B. 75 degrees
C. 90 degrees
D. 115 degrees
ANS: D
If the replacement was done posteriorly, then hip adduction past neutral, hip flexion past 90
degrees, and internal hip rotation past neutral on the affected side should be avoided to
prevent dislocation.
PTS: 1
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2002, 1999, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 6-3
PTS: 1
8. Which diagonal pattern involves hip flexion, adduction, and external rotation; ankle
dorsiflexion and inversion; and toe extension?
A. D1 flexion of the lower extremity
B. D1 extension of the lower extremity
C. D2 flexion of the lower extremity
D. D2 extension of the lower extremity
ANS: A
The diagonal patterns are named according to the position of the proximal joint (i.e., the
shoulder or the hip) at the conclusion of the pattern. D1 flexion of the lower extremity
mimics the motion of kicking a soccer ball with the inside of the foot, including all of the
listed motions.
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10. Which type of muscle contraction describes a controlled and consistent speed of
contraction?
A. Isotonic
B. Isometric
C. Isokinetic
D. None of the above
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2002, 1999, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 6-4
ANS: C
Isokinetic exercise is possible when specific equipment is used. Isokinetic exercise
equipment controls the speed of the patient’s contractions and produces a variable
resistance to the muscle as it contracts through its arc or ROM. Published studies indicate
that isokinetic exercise strengthens muscle more efficiently than other forms of resistive
isotonic (concentric or eccentric) exercise.
PTS: 1
11. In general, according to the length-tension curve of a muscle, during which portion of a
muscle’s range is it capable of developing the greatest tension during an isotonic
contraction?
A. Beginning ranges
B. Midranges
C. End ranges
D. Tension develops equally throughout a muscle’s range
ANS: B
When a patient performs an isotonic contraction, the maximal resistance available to be
used is the resistance that can be overcome through the part of the range where the muscle
has the weakest contractile capacity. Most muscles have the weakest contractile capacity at
the beginning and the end of the ROM, and most muscles tend to develop their greatest
tension during the midportion of the range.
PTS: 1
12. If a joint or soft tissue is painful when moved through its range, or when inflammation is
present in the area, which type of exercise should be used to maintain muscle tone?
A. Isokinetic
B. Isotonic
C. Isometric
D. Eccentric
ANS: C
No observable joint motion should occur when an isometric muscle contraction is
performed. Therefore, isometric exercise may be used if a muscle is immobilized, if a joint
or soft tissue is painful when moved through its range, or if inflammation is present in the
area.
PTS: 1
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2002, 1999, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 6-5
ANS: D
For some motions, such as elbow extension, a bony end feel is considered normal.
However, when the bony end feel comes well before the normal end of ROM, pathology
such as osteophyte formation may be present. A meniscus tear will produce a springy block
end feel. Acute subacromial bursitis may cause an empty end feel. A frozen shoulder and
other chronic conditions cause hard capsule end feels.
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15. Which type of range-of-motion exercise is most appropriate at the site of an unhealed
fracture?
A. PROM
B. AROM
C. AAROM
D. All of the above are appropriate
ANS: A
Passive range-of-motion (PROM) exercise is used to counteract the negative aspects of
immobilization, evaluate joint range and flexibility, provide sensory stimulation and
awareness, and reduce stress on the cardiopulmonary system. PROM is the most
appropriate choice because an unhealed fracture may be disrupted by active muscle
contractions.
PTS: 1
16. In which condition is full lengthening of the extrinsic finger flexors contraindicated?
A. Spinal cord injury with C6 nerve root sparing
B. Radial head fracture
C. Medial epicondylitis
D. Shoulder impingement
ANS: A
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2002, 1999, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 6-6
The patient with a spinal cord injury that has spared the C6 nerve root may benefit from
tightness or limited range of the extrinsic finger flexors. Limited range of the finger flexors,
when combined with active wrist extension, can provide the person with a passive grasp
known as a “tenodesis” grasp.
PTS: 1
17. When a person is supine, how do the shoulder extensors function from 0 to 90 degrees of
active shoulder flexion?
A. Isometrically
B. Concentrically
C. Eccentrically
D. None of the above
ANS: B
When a person is supine and performs active shoulder flexion through the shoulder’s full
normal range, the shoulder flexors function concentrically from 0 to 90 degrees of flexion
and the shoulder extensors function eccentrically from 90 to 180 degrees of flexion.
PTS: 1
18. How should patients be instructed to breathe when performing active resistive exercises?
A. Slowly
B. Normally
C. Rapidly
D. Breath should be held
ANS: B
The Valsalva maneuver, caused by holding one’s breath during resistance exercise, should
be avoided to prevent the possibility of serious complications that could lead to a
cerebrovascular accident or even death. Patients should be instructed and reminded to
avoid holding the breath and to breathe normally during the exercise program, particularly
when performing resistive isometric exercise.
PTS: 1
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2002, 1999, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 6-7
PTS: 1
20. How should the hands of a caregiver be placed during an attempt to facilitate a muscle
contraction?
A. Directly over the contracting muscles
B. Directly over the muscles that are required to relax
C. Directly lateral to the contracting muscles
D. Over the distal portion of the muscle tendons
ANS: A
Hand placement by the caregiver should provide a tactile contact and stimulus to the major
muscles involved in producing the desired extremity movement. The caregiver’s grasp
should contact the skin surface overlying the muscle bellies that are to contract and avoid
contact with the muscle or muscles that are to relax during the exercise.
PTS: 1
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2002, 1999, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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IX
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