Instant Download PDF Introductory and Intermediate Algebra For College Students 4th Edition Blitzer Solutions Manual Full Chapter

Introductory and Intermediate Algebra
for College Students 4th Edition Blitzer

Solutions Manual
Go to download the full and correct content document:
https://testbankfan.com/product/introductory-and-intermediate-algebra-for-college-stu
dents-4th-edition-blitzer-solutions-manual/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...
Introductory and Intermediate Algebra for College

Students 4th Edition Blitzer Test Bank
https://testbankfan.com/product/introductory-and-intermediate-
algebra-for-college-students-4th-edition-blitzer-test-bank/

Students 5th Edition Blitzer Solutions Manual
algebra-for-college-students-5th-edition-blitzer-solutions-
manual/

Students 5th Edition Blitzer Test Bank
algebra-for-college-students-5th-edition-blitzer-test-bank/
Introductory Algebra for College Students 7th Edition

Blitzer Solutions Manual
https://testbankfan.com/product/introductory-algebra-for-college-
students-7th-edition-blitzer-solutions-manual/
Intermediate Algebra for College Students 7th Edition

https://testbankfan.com/product/intermediate-algebra-for-college-

Blitzer Test Bank
students-7th-edition-blitzer-test-bank/

Blitzer Test Bank
Intermediate Algebra for College Students 7th Edition

Blitzer Test Bank
https://testbankfan.com/product/intermediate-algebra-for-college-
Chapter 5
Exponents and Polynomials
5.1 Check Points 6. Make a table of values.

x y  x2  1 ( x, y )
1. (11x3  7 x 2  11x  5)  (16 x3  3x 2  3x  15)
 11x3  7 x 2  11x  5  16 x3  3x 2  3x  15
3 y  (3)2  1  8  3,8
 11x3  16 x3  7 x 2  3x 2  11x  3x  5  15
2 2
y  (2)  1  3  2,3
 5 x3  4 x 2  8 x  20
1 y  (1)2  1  0  1, 0 
0 y  (0) 2  1  1  0, 1
2. 11x3  7 x 2  11x  5 1 y  (1) 2  1  0 1, 0 
3 2
16 x  3x  3x  15 2 y  (2)2  1  3  2, 3
5 x3  4 x 2  8 x  20 3 y  (3) 2  1  8  3,8
3. (9 x 2  7 x  2)  (2 x 2  4 x  6)
 9 x 2  7 x  2  2 x2  4 x  6
 9 x2  2x2  7 x  4 x  2  6
 7 x 2  11x  4
4. (10 x3  5 x 2  7 x  2)  (3x3  8 x 2  5 x  6)
 10 x3  5 x 2  7 x  2  3x3  8 x 2  5 x  6
 10 x3  3x3  5 x 2  8 x 2  7 x  5 x  2  6 5.1 Concept and Vocabulary Check
 7 x3  3x 2  12 x  8
1. whole
5. 8 y  10 y  14 y  2
3 2
2. standard

 5y 3
 3y  6  3. monomial
To subtract, add the opposite of the polynomial
being subtracted. 4. binomial
8 y 3  10 y 2  14 y  2 5. trinomial
3
5 y  3y  6
6. 0
3 y 3  10 y 2  11y  8
7. greatest
8. like
9. opposite
5.1 Exercise Set
2. 5 x  2 is a binomial of degree 1.
4. x5  7 x is a binomial of degree 5.
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 215

Chapter 5: Exponents and Polynomials
6. 10 x 2 is a monomial of degree 2.
8. 9 is a monomial. Because it is a nonzero constant, its degree is 0.
10. x 2  9 x  2 is a trinomial of degree 2.
12. 3 y 2  14 y 5  6 is a trinomial of degree 5.
14. 9 x  5 x3 is a binomial of degree 3.
16. 11y 26 is a monomial of degree 26.
18. 8 x  5   13x  9 
 8 x  5  13x  9
  8 x  13x    5  9 
 5 x  4
20. 11x 2
 
 7 x  4  27 x 2  10 x  20 
 11x 2  7 x  4  27 x 2  10 x  20
 
 11x 2  27 x 2   7 x  10 x    4  20 
 38 x 2  17 x  24
22.  3 x 2
 
 x  4 x2  8 x 
 3 x 2  x  4 x 2  8 x
 
 3 x 2  4 x 2   x  8 x 
 x2  9x
24.  7 x 2
 
 8x  3  2x2  x  8 
 7 x 2  8 x  3  2 x 2  x  8
 
 7 x 2  2 x 2   8 x  x    3  8 
 5 x 2  9 x  11
26. 2 y 3
 
 3 y  10  3 y 2  5 y  22 
 2 y 3  3 y  10  3 y 2  5 y  22
 2 y 3  3 y 2   3 y  5 y   10  22 
 2 y 3  3 y 2  8 y  12
216 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Introductory and Intermediate Algebra for College Students 4E Section 5.1
28. 4x 3
 
 5 x  13  4 x 2  22 
3 2
 4 x  5 x  13  4 x  22
 4 x3  4 x 2  5 x  13  22 
 4 x3  4 x 2  5 x  35
30. 7 y 3
  
 5 y  1  2 y 2  6 y  3  7 y3  5 y  1  2 y 2  6 y  3
 7 y 3  2 y 2   5 y  6 y    1  3
 7 y3  2 y 2  y  2
32.  7r 4
  
 5r 2  2r  18r 4  5r 2  r  7r 4  5r 2  2r  18r 4  5r 2  r
   
 7 r 4  18r 4  5r 2  5r 2   2r  r 
 11r 4  r
 4  1 4 1
34.  12 x 3  x 2  x     x3  x 2  x    12 x3  x 2  x   x3  x 2  x 
 3  3 3 3
    4 1
 12 x3  x3   x 2  x 2    x  x     
 3 3
 13x3  1
2 2 5   4 1 1  2 2 5 4 1 1
36.  x 4  x3  x 2  7  +   x 4  x3  x 2  7   x 4  x3  x 2  7  x 4  x3  x 2  7
5 3 8   5 3 4  5 3 8 5 3 4
2 4  2 1  5 1 
  x 4  x 4    x3  x 3    x 2  x 2    7  7 
5 5  3 3  8 4 
2 3
  x 4  x3  x 2
5 8
38.  0.06 x 5
  
 0.2 x3  x  0.05  0.04 x5  2 x 4  0.8 x  0.5  0.06 x5  0.2 x3  x  0.05  0.04 x5  2 x 4  0.8 x  0.5
 
 0.06 x5  0.04 x5  2 x 4  0.2 x3   x  0.8 x    0.05  0.5 
 0.02 x5  2 x 4  0.2 x3  0.2 x  0.55
40. 13x 4  x 2
7 x 4  2 x2
20 x 4  x 2
42. 7 x2  5 x  6
9 x 2  4 x  6
2 x 2  x

44.
1 9 1 5
3
x  x  2.7
5
58. 3x  8x  2   11x  5x  4
2 2
3 2   3x  8 x  2    11x  5 x  4 
2 2
 x 9  x5  1
  3x  11x    8 x  5 x    2  4 
4 3
2 2
To add, rewrite using common denominators for

common terms.  8 x 2  13x  6
 3x  2 x    5 x  6 x 
4 9 3 5
x  x  2.7 60. 2 2
12 15
  3 x  2 x    5 x  6 x 
9 9 10 5 2 2
 x  x 1
12 15
5 9 7 5   3 x  5 x    2 x  6 x 
2 2
 x  x  1.7
12 15
 2 x 2  4 x
y3  y 2  7 y  9
 x  5 x  3   x  6 x  8 
46. 2 2
62.
 y  6 y  8 y  11
3 2
  x  5 x  3    x  6 x  8 
2 2
 5 y 2  15 y  20
  x  x    5 x  6 x    3  8 
2 2
48. 4 y  6 y  8 y  11
3 2
 x  11
2 y3  9y  3
2 y 3  6 y 2  y  8
64.  y  2    7 y  9    y  2    7 y  9 
  y  7 y    2  9 
50. 7 y 5  3 y 3  y 2  6 y  7
2y  y  4y  3
3 2
5 3
7y  y  4y  3
66. 5 y  y  3 y  8   y  8 y  11
3 2 2
  5 y  y  3 y  8     y  8 y  11
3 2 2
7 y  11y  6
2
 5 y   y  y    3 y  8 y    8  11
52. 3 2 2
8 y2  3y  4
9 y 2  5 y  2  5 y 3  5 y  19
6 y 2  13 y 68.  2n  n  6    2n  n  8 
2 7 3 7
54. 7.9 x3  6.8 x 2  3.3   2 n  n  6    2 n  n  8 

2 7 3 7
6.1x3  2.2 x 2  7   2 n  2 n    n  n    6  8 
3 2 7 7
2
4.3x  5
 2 n 3  2 n 2  2
14 x  4.7 x  5.3
3 2
56.  x  2   7 x  9
70. y  y y  y 
5 3 4 2
  x  2    7 x  9    y  y    y  y 
5 3 4 2
  x  7 x    2  9   y5  y 4  y3  y 2
 6 x  11

72.  3 x  3 x  x     x  2 x  2 x 
6 4 2 6 4 2 82. 3y4  4 y2  7
  3 x  3 x  x    x  2 x  2 x 
6 4 2 6 4 2 
 5 y 4  6 y 2  13 
  3 x  x    3x  2 x     x  2 x 
6 6 4 4 2 2 To subtract, add the opposite of the polynomial
being subtracted.
 2 x 6  x 4  3 x 2 3y4  4 y2  7
3 1 1  1 1 1

 5 y 4  6 y 2  13 
 x  x    x  x 
2 2
74.
8 3 4   8 2 4 8 y 4  2 y 2  20
 3 x2 1 1 1 1 1
   x    x  x  4 y 3  5 y 2  7 y  11
2
84.
4
 
8 3 4 8 2
 5 y 3  6 y 2  9 y  3
3 2
 x
1    1 x  1 x   1  1 
    
2
 x
8 8 3 2   4 4
being subtracted.

4
x  
2  2
x
3 
x 4 y 3  5 y 2  7 y  11
 
8
1 5
6 6

 5 y3  6 y 2  9 y  3 
 x 
2
x
2 6 9 y 3  y 2  16 y  14
76. 4x  2 86. 5 y 6  3 y3  2 y 2
  3x  5     y3  y 2  y  1 
being subtracted. To subtract, add the opposite of the polynomial
4x  2 being subtracted.
3 x  5 5 y 6  3 y3  2 y 2
x7   + y3 + y 2  y  1 
78. 9y 2  6 5 y 6  2 y3  3 y 2  y  1

 5 y 2  2  88. 0.04 x3  0.03x 2  0.05 x
being subtracted. 
 0.02 x3  0.06 x 2  x 
9y  6
2 To subtract, add the opposite of the polynomial
being subtracted.
 5 y2  2
0.04 x3  0.03x 2  0.05 x
2
14 y  8
0.02 x3  0.06 x 2  x
80. 3x5  5 x3  6 0.02 x3  0.03x 2  1.05 x

 7 x5  4 x3  2 
being subtracted.
3x5  5 x3  6

 7 x5  4 x3  2 
 4 x 5  9 x3  8

90. Table of values: 94. Table of values:

x y  x 2
2
( x, y ) x y  9  x2 ( x, y )
3 y  (3)2  2  7  3, 7  3 y  9  (3)2  0  3, 0 
2 2
y  (2)  2  2  2, 2  2 2
y  9  (2)  5  2, 5
1 y  (1)2  2  1  1, 1 1 y  9  (1)2  8  1,8
0 y  (0)2  2  2  0, 2  0 y  9  (0) 2  9  0, 9 
1 y  (1)2  2  1 1, 1 1 y  9  (1) 2  8 1,8
2 y  (2)2  2  2  2, 2  2 y  9  (2)2  5  2, 5
3 y  (3)2  2  7  3, 7  3 y  9  (3)2  0  3, 0 
92. Table of values:

x y  x2  2 ( x, y )
3 y  (3)  2  11
2
 3,11
2 y  (2) 2  2  6  2, 6 
1 y  (1)2  2  3  1, 3
0 y  (0)2  2  2  0, 2 
1 y  (1)2  2  3 1, 3
2 y  (2)2  2  6  2, 6 
3 y  (3) 2  2  11  3,11

    
96.  10 x3  5 x 2  4 x  3  3x3  4 x 2  x   7 x3  5 x  4
  
 13x3  x 2  3x  3  7 x3  5 x  4
 
 6 x3  x 2  8 x  1
     
    
98.  7 y 2  4 y  2  12 y 2  3 y  5    5 y 2  2 y  8  7 y 2  10 y  13 

  5 y 2  7 y  7    2 y 2  8 y  21
   
 3 y 2  15 y  28
100.     
 2 x 2  4 x  7  5 x3  2 x  3   3 x3  7 x  5
  

  5 x3  2 x 2  2 x  10  3 x3  7 x  5
  
 2 x3  2 x 2  9 x  15
102.     
 6  y 2  5 y 3  12  y  13 y 3   2 y 2  8 y 3
  

2
 
  8 y  y  y  6   2 y  8 y
3 2 3

 16 y 3  3 y 2  y  6
104. a. M  W  (18 x3  923 x 2  9603 x  48, 446)  (17 x3  450 x 2  6392 x  14, 764)
M  W  18 x3  923x 2  9603x  48, 446  17 x3  450 x 2  6392 x  14, 764
M  W  18 x3  17 x3  923 x 2  450 x 2  9603x  6392 x  48, 446  14, 764
M  W  35 x3  1373x 2  15, 995 x  63, 210
b. M  W  35 x3  1373x 2  15,995 x  63,210

M  W  35(16)3  1373(16) 2  15, 995(16)  63, 210  15, 418
The difference in the median income between men and women with 16 years experience is $15,418.
c. 57, 220  41, 681  15, 539

The actual difference displayed in the graph in the median income between men and women with 16 years
experience is $15,539.
The model underestimates this difference by $15, 539  $15, 418  $121.
106. a. W  255 x 2  2956 x  24,336

W  255(18)2  2956(18)  24, 336  53,748
The model estimates the median annual income for a woman with 18 years of education to be $53,748.
The model overestimates the actual value of $51,316 shown in the bar graph by $2432.
b. The solution found in part (a) is represented by the point (18, 53,748) on the graph for women.
c. According to the graph in part (b) the median annual income for a man with 18 years of education is about $70,000
(although answers will vary).
108. – 112. Answers will vary.

114. does not make sense; Explanations will vary. 130. x( x  2)  3( x  2)  x 2  2 x  3x  6  x 2  5 x  6

Sample explanation: When adding like terms, the
exponents do not change.
116. makes sense

5.2 Check Points
118. true
1. a. 22  24  22  4  26 or 64
120. true
 2 x  8x  6   x  3x  5
2 2 b. x 6  x 4  x 6  4  x10
  2 x  8 x  6     x  3x  5 
2 2
c. y  y 7  y1 7  y8
  2 x  x    8 x  3 x    6  5 
2 2
d. y 4  y 3  y 2  y 4  3  2  y 9
 x2  5x  1
3 
5
4
 34  5  320
 
2. a.
2 2
122. 5 x  2 x  1  3x  x  2
  
 5 x2  2 x  1  3x2  x  2  b. x 
9
10
 x9 10  x90
 8 x2  x  3
3
so the polynomial is 3x 2  x  2. c. (5)7   (5)7  3  (5) 21
 
124. Explanations will vary. A sample explanation is: In
a polynomial of degree 3, the highest degree term 3. a.  2 x 4  24 x 4  16 x 4
has an exponent of 3. The highest degree term of the
 4 y  y 
sum will be the sum of two terms of degree 3, 3 3
  4    4  y 2  3  64 y 6
2 3 2 3
which will be a term of degree 3 or could be 0. It is b.
impossible to get a term degree of 4, so it is
impossible to get a polynomial of degree 4.
4. a. (7 x 2 )(10 x)  (7  10)( x 2  x)  70 x3
125.  10  7   1  8   10  7    7 
b. (5 x 4 )(4 x5 )  (5  4)( x 4  x5 )  20 x9
 70   7   10
5. a. 3x( x  5)  3x  x  3x  5  3x 2  15 x
126. 4.6   10.2   4.6  10.2  5.6
127. 3 x  2  9  x  2 b. 6 x 2 (5 x3  2 x  3)
3x  6  9 x  18  6 x 2  5 x3  6 x 2  2 x  6 x 2  3
3x  6  9 x  9 x  18  9 x  30 x5  12 x3  18 x 2
6 x  6  18
6 x  6  6  18  6 6. a. ( x  4)( x  5)  x 2  5 x  4 x  20
6 x  24  x 2  9 x  20
6 x 24

6 6 b. (5 x  3)(2 x  7)  10 x 2  35 x  6 x  21
x  4  10 x 2  29 x  21
The solution set is {−4}.
128. x3  x 4  ( x  x  x)  ( x  x  x  x)  x7
129. 3x( x  5)  3x  x  3x  5  3x 2  15 x

7. (5 x  2)( x 2  4 x  3) 18.  6 x 2   6 2  x 2  36 x 2
 5 x  x2  5 x  4 x  5 x  3  2  x 2  2  4 x  2  3
6x   
2 2
 5 x3  20 x 2  15 x  2 x 2  8 x  6 20. 3
 62  x 3  36 x3  2  36 x 6
 5 x3  20 x 2  2 x 2  15 x  8 x  6
 2 y   
4 4
  2   y 5  16 y5  4  16 y 20
5 4
 5 x3  18 x 2  7 x  6 22.
2 x3  5 x 2  4 x
 2 x   
8. 5 5
  2   x11
11 5
24.
3x2  2 x
 32 x11 5  32 x55
4 x 4  10 x3  8 x 2
6 x5  15 x 4  12 x3 26. 8 x  3 x    8  3 x  x 
6 x5  19 x 4  22 x3  8 x 2  24 x11  24 x 2
28. 10 x   3x 2   10  3  x  x2 

5.2 Concept and Vocabulary Check  30 x1 2  30 x3
1. b m  n ; add
30.  6 y  2 y    6  2  y
4 3 4
 y3 
2. b mn ; multiply  12 y 43  12 y 7
3. a nb n ; factor  1  1   1 1 
32.   a 4   a 2        a 4  a 2
 3  2   3 2 
 
4. distributive; x  5 x  7; 2x
2 2
1 1
 a 42  a6
6 6
5. 4x; 7; like
34. 3x   2 x  5x 

3 6
5.2 Exercise Set   3  2  5   x  x  x 

3 6
2. x12  x 4  x12  4  x16  30 x316  30 x10
4. y  y19  y119  y 20 36. 6 x  x  5   6 x  x  6 x  5

 6 x11  6  5 x
4 3 5
6. x  x  x  x
4 3 5
x12
 6 x 2  30 x
8. 87  810  87 10  817 38. x  x  7   x  x  x  7

 x11  7 x
 
10
10. 67  67 10  670
 x2  7 x
x  40. 3x  x  5   3x  x  3x  5
4
12. 12
 x12  4  x 48
 3x11  3  5 x
4
4 4
14.  50     50    50   3x 2  15 x
4 16
 
16.  4 x 3  43  x3  64 x3

42. 5 y  6 y  7   5 y  6 y  5 y  7

54. 6 x 2 3 x 2  2 x  7 
 5  6 y11  5  7 y
 6 x  3 x  6 x   2 x   6 x 2   7 
2 2 2
 30 y  35 y 2
 6  3 x 2  x 2  6  2 x 2  x  6  7 x 2
44. 5 x 2  x  6   5 x 2  x  5 x 2  6  18 x 2  2  12 x 2 1  42 x 2
 5 x 2 1  5  6 x 2  18 x 4  12 x3  42 x 2
 5 x3  30 x 2 56.  x  4  x  6   x  x  6   4  x  6 
 x x  6 x  4 x  46
 
46. 4 y 2 y 2  2 y  4 y 2  y 2  4 y 2  2 y
 x 2  6 x  4 x  24
22 2
 4y  42y  y
 x 2  10 x  24
4 21
 4y  8y
 4 y 4  8 y3
58.  2 x  5 x  3  2 x  x  3  5  x  3
 2x  x  2x  3  5  x  5  3

48. 4 y 2 5 y 2  6 y  3   2 x 2  6 x  5 x  15
 2 x 2  11x  15
 4 y2  5 y2  4 y2  6 y  4 y2  3
 4  5 y2  y2  4  6 y2  y  4  3y2 60.  x  4  x  6   x  x  6   4  x  6 
 20 y 2 2  24 y 2 1  12 y 2  x x  x6  4 x  46
 20 y 4  24 y 3  12 y 2  x 2  6 x  4 x  24
 x 2  2 x  24
50. 4x 3
 5x 2
 2x   4x 3 2
 2x  5x  2x
62.  x  12  x  8
 4  2 x3  x  5  2 x 2  x
 x  x  8   12  x  8 
 8 x31  10 x 21  x  x  x  8  12  x  12  8
 8 x 4  10 x3  x 2  8 x  12 x  96
52. x 3

 2 x  2  4 x   x 2  4 x  96
 x 3   4 x   2 x   4 x   2   4 x  64.  3x  4  x  5
 3x  x  5  4  x  5
 4 x 3  x  2  4 x  x  2  4 x
 3 x  x  3x  5  4  x  4  5
 4 x31  8 x11  8 x
 3 x 2  15 x  4 x  20
 4 x 4  8 x 2  8 x
 3 x 2  11x  20

1  3 
66.  x  5   x  1
5  5 
 1

76.  x   3 x3  6 x 2  5 x  9
 3

1 3  3 
 x  x  1  5  x  1
5 5   5 
 1
 
 x 3 x3  6 x 2  5 x  9  3 x3  6 x 2  5 x  9
3

5
1 3 1 3  3 x  6 x  5 x  9 x  x3  2 x 2  x  3
4 3 2
 x  x  x 1  5  x  5  1 3
5 5 5 5
32
3 2 1 15  3 x 4  7 x3  7 x 2  x3
 x  x  x 5 3
25 5 5
x  
3 2 14
 x  x5 78. 2
 3x  1 x2  2 x  1
25 5
68.  x  2  x 2
 x5    
 x 2 x 2  2 x  1  3x x2  2 x  1  1 x 2  2 x  1   
 x 4  2 x3  x 2  3x3  6 x 2  3x  x 2  2 x  1

 x x  x5 2 x  x5
2
  2
  x 4  x3  6 x 2  5 x  1
 x  x2  x  x  x  5  2  x2  2  x  2  5
80. x2  7x  9
 x3  x 2  5 x  2 x 2  2 x  10
x  4
 x3  3 x 2  7 x  10
4 x2  28 x  36
70.  y  2   y 2  4 y  3 x3  7 x2  9x
   
3 2
x  3x  19 x  36
 y y2  4 y  3  2 y2  4 y  3
 y  y2  y  4 y  y  3  2  y2  2  4 y  2  3 82. y2  5 y  3
 y3  4 y 2  3 y  2 y 2  8 y  6 4y  5
 y 3  6 y 2  11y  6  5 y 2  25 y  15
4 y 3  20 y 2  12 y
72. 
 2a  1 a 2  4a  3  4 y 3  25 y 2  37 y  15
  
 2a a  4a  3  1 a  4a  3
2 2

84. 3 y3  2 y 2  y  4
 2a  a 2  2a  4a  2a  3  1  a 2  1  4a  1  3
y3
 2 a 3  8a 2  6 a  a 2  4 a  3
9 y 3  6 y 2  3 y  12
 2a3  9a 2  10a  3
3 y 4  2 y3  y 2  4 y
74.  x  1  x3  4 x 2  7 x  3 3 y 4  11 y3  7 y 2  7 y  12
  
 x x 3  4 x 2  7 x  3  1 x3  4 x 2  7 x  3  86. 5 z 3  3z 2  4 z  3
 x 4  4 x 3  7 x 2  3 x  x3  4 x 2  7 x  3 2z  4
 x 4  5 x3  11x 2  10 x  3  20 z 3  12 z 2  16 z  12
10 z 4  6 z 3  8 z 2  6 z
10 z 4  26 z 3  20 z 2  22 z  12

88. 9 y3  7 y 2  5 y 100.  y  5 2   y  4 2
3y2  5 y   y  5  y  5   y  4  y  4 
45 y 4  35 y 3  25 y 2   
 y 2  10 y  25  y 2  8 y  16 
5 4 3
27 y  21 y  15 y  18 y  9
27 y 5  24 y 4  20 y 3  25 y 2
102. The base is 4x and the height is 3x  10 .
Use the formula for the area of a triangle.
90. n 4  n3  n 2  n  1 1
2n  3 A   base  height 
2
3n4  3n3  3n 2  3n  3 1
  4 x  3x  10 
2n5  2n 4  2n3  2n 2  2n 2
 2 x  3 x  10 
2n5  n 4  n3  n 2  n  3
 2 x  3x  2 x 10
92. x2  6 x  4  6 x 2  20 x
x2  x  2 The area of the triangle is 6 x 2  20 x square feet.
 2 x 2  12 x  8 104. a. The length of the larger rectangle is 2 x  3 and

 x  6x  4x
3 2 the width is x  2 . Therefore, the area of the
rectangle is given by A  l  w
x 4  6 x3  4 x 2
  2 x  3 x  2 
x  5 x  12 x  8 x  8
4 3 2
The area of the larger rectangle is
 2 x  3 x  2  square feet.
94.  x  5 x  6    x  2  x  9 
  
 x 2  x  30  x 2  7 x  18  b. x  2 x  x  3  2  2 x  2  3
 2 x 2  3x  4 x  6
 x 2
 x  30     x 2
 7 x  18   2 x2  7 x  6
 6 x  12
c. A  l  w

96. 3x 2 6 x3  2 x  3  4 x3 x 2  5      2 x  3 x  2 

 18 x  6 x  9 x
5 3 2
   4 x 5
 20 x 3
  2x  x  2  3 x  2
 2x  x  2x  2  3  x  3  2
 14 x5  26 x3  9 x 2
 2 x2  4 x  3x  6
98.  y  1  y 2  y  1   y  1  y 2  y  1  2 x2  7 x  6
   
The two results are the same.
 y y2  y 1 1 y2  y  1
 y  y  y  1  1 y  y  1
2 2
114. does not make sense; Explanations will vary.
 y3  y 2  y  y 2  y  1 Sample explanation: Any two monomials can be
multiplied.
 y3  y 2  y  y 2  y  1
2 116. does not make sense; Explanations will vary.
Sample explanation: To use the product rule the
bases must be the same.
118. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.

A sample change is: 5 x 2  4 x6  5  4 x 2 6  20 x8

120. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary. 125. 3 x  2 y  6
A sample change is: It is not necessary to use the x-intercept:
vertical format for any polynomial multiplication. 3x  2 y  6
3x  2(0)  6
122. a.  x  1 x  1  x  x  1  1 x  1
3x  6
 x2  x  x  1
x2
 x2  1 y-intercept:
3x  2 y  6
b.  x  1  x2  x  1 3(0)  2 y  6
2 y  6
  
 x x2  x  1  1 x2  x  1  y  3
 x  x  x  x  x 1
3 2 2 checkpoint:
3x  2 y  6
 x3  1
3(4)  2 y  6
c.  x  1  x3  x 2  x  1 12  2 y  6
2 y  6
 3 2
 
 x x  x  x  1 1 x  x  x 1 3 2
 y3
A checkpoint is (4,3).
 x 4  x 3  x 2  x  x3  x 2  x  1
 x4  1
d. Based on the pattern above,

 x  1  x 4  x3  x2  x  1
 x5  1
123.  8x    14 xy

4 3

5 3
  2 x y , so the missing factor is y  y1
126. m  2 
68
x2  x2 1   2 

2
3
8 x 4 .
127. a. ( x  3)( x  4)  x 2  4 x  3x  12
124. 4x  7  9x  2
4x  7  9x  9x  2  9x  x 2  7 x  12
5 x  7  2
b. ( x  5)( x  20)  x 2  5 x  20 x  100
5 x  7  7  2  7
 x 2  25 x  100
5 x  5
5 x 5
 A fast method is ( x  a )( x  b)  x 2  (a  b) x  ab.
5 5
x  1
128. a. ( x  3)( x  3)  x 2  3x  3x  9
Solution: (, 1)
 x2  9
b. ( x  5)( x  5)  x 2  5 x  5 x  25
 x 2  25
A fast method is ( x  a )( x  a)  x 2  a 2 .

129. a. ( x  3)2  ( x  3)( x  3) c. Since this product is of the form ( A  B)( A  B ) ,

use the special-product formula
 x2  3x  3x  9
2
( A  B)( A  B )  A2  B 2 .
 x  6x  9 first term second term
squared squared
 
b. ( x  5)2  ( x  5)( x  5) (2a3  3)(2a3  3)  (2a3 )2  32
 x2  5x  5x  9  4a 6  9
2
 x  10 x  25
5. a. Use the special-product formula
A fast method is ( x  a )  x  2ax  a .
2 2 2 ( A  B)2  A2  2 AB  B 2 .
first term 2  product last term
squared squared
  
of the terms
( x  10) 2  x2  2 10 x  102
5.3 Check Points
 x 2  20 x  100

F 
O 
I 
L
1. ( x  5)( x  6)  x  x  x  6  5  x  5  6 b. Use the special-product formula
 x 2  6 x  5 x  30 ( A  B)2  A2  2 AB  B 2 .
 x 2  11x  30  ofsquared
the terms squared


(5 x  4)  (5 x)  2  20 x 
2 2
42
 F  O   I 
 L
2. (7 x  5)(4 x  3)  7 x  4 x  7 x (3)  5  4 x  5(3)  25 x 2  40 x  16
 28 x 2  21x  20 x  15 6. a. Use the special-product formula
2
 28 x  x  15 ( A  B)2  A2  2 AB  B 2 .
F  
O   I   
L  squared
 of the terms squared


3. (4  2 x)(5  3x)  4  5  4(3 x) (2 x)(5) (2 x)(3x ) ( x  9)2  x2  2  9x  92
 20  12 x  10 x  6 x 2  x 2  18 x  81
 20  22 x  6 x 2
b. Use the special-product formula
 6 x 2  22 x  20 ( A  B)2  A2  2 AB  B 2 .
first term last term
4. a. Since this product is of the form ( A  B)( A  B ) , squared
2  product
squared
 of  the terms 
(7 x  3) 2  (7 x) 2  2  21x  32
( A  B)( A  B )  A2  B 2 .
first term second term
 49 x 2  42 x  9
squared squared
 
(7 y  8)(7 y  8)  (7 y )2  82
 49 y 2  64
b. Since this product is of the form ( A  B)( A  B ) ,

( A  B)( A  B )  A2  B 2 .
first term second term
squared squared
 
(4 x  5)(4 x  5)  (4 x)2  52
 16 x 2  25

5.3 Concept and Vocabulary Check 18.  7 x  23x  5

2 2
1. 2 x 2 ; 3x; 10x; 15  21x 4  35 x 2  6 x 2  10
2. A2  B 2 ; minus  21x 4  41x 2  10
3. A2  2 AB  B 2 ; squared; product of the terms; 20.  4 x  3 2  x   8 x  4 x 2  6  3x

squared  4 x 2  11x  6
 x  4   x 2  5  x3  5 x  4 x 2  20
4. A2  2 AB  B 2 ; minus; product of the terms;
22.
squared
5. true  x3  4 x 2  5 x  20
6. false 24.  7 x  5 x

3 2

 2  7 x5  14 x3  5 x 2  10
26.  y  5 y  5  y 2  52
5.3 Exercise Set
 y 2  25
2.  x  8 x  2   x 2
 2 x  8 x  16
 x 2  10 x  16 28.  2 x  5 2 x  5   2 x 2  52
 4 x 2  25
4.  y  3 y  4   y 2  4 y  3 y  12
 y 2  y  12 30.  5z  2  5 z  2    5z 2  22
 25 z 2  4
6.  3x  5 x  7   3x 2
 21x  5 x  35
 3 x 2  16 x  35 32.  4  s  4  s   42  s 2
 16  s 2
8.  5 y  4  y  2   5 y 2  10 y  4 y  8
 5 y2  6 y  8 34.  4  3 y  4  3 y   42   3 y 2
 16  9 y 2
10.  2 x  5 7 x  2   14 x 2  4 x  35x  10
 14 x 2  31x  10  1  1 2 1
2
36.  3 y   3 y     3 y    
 3  3  3
12.  4 y  5 7 y  4 
1
 9 y2 
 28 y 2  16 y  35 y  20 9
 28 y 2  51 y  20
y    
2
2
38.  2 y2  2  y2  22
14.  2  5 x 1  4 x   2  8x  5 x  20 x 2
2
 y4  4
 2  3x  20 x
 20 x 2  3x  2
 m  4  m  4   m 
2
3 3 3
40.  42
16.  7  2 y 10  3 y   m6  16
 70  21y  20 y  6 y 2
 2  s  2  s   2   s 
2
5 5 2 5
 70  41y  6 y 2 42.
 6 y 2  41y  70  4  s10

x      4 y  9  4 y  9    4 y 2  92
2
12
44.  3 x12  3  x12  32 68.
 16 y 2  81
 x 24  9
46.  x  52  x 2  2  x  5  52 
70. 5 x 2 7 x 2  x  6 
 x 2  10 x  25  5 x  7 x  5 x  x  5 x2  6
2 2 2
 35 x 4  5 x3  30 x 2
48.  5x  2 2   5 x 2  2  5 x  2   22
 25 x 2  20 x  4 72. 8 y  310 y  5
 80 y 2  40 y  30 y  15
50.  x  6 2  x2  2  x  6   62  80 y 2  10 y  15
 x  12 x  36
2
x   x     2  2
2 2
2 2
2  2 x2 2
52.  4 y  3 2
  4 y   2  4 y  3  3
2 2 74.
 16 y 2  24 y  9  x 4  4 x2  4
54.  5x2  3   
2
 5 x2
2
 
 2 5 x 2  3  32
76. x 2
 
 2 x 2  3  x 4  3x 2  2 x 2  6
 x4  5x2  6
 25 x 4  30 x 2  9
 x  5 x  5   x 
2
2 2 2
56.  9  5x 2  92  2  9  5x    5x 2 78.  52
 81  90 x  25 x 2  x 4  25
 2  3x     
2 2 2 2
 1 1 1
58.  3x     3x   2  3 x      
2 80. 6
 22  2  2  3 x 6  3 x 6
 3   3  3
1  4  12 x6  9 x12
 9 x2  2 x 
9
1  3 
82.  x 2  16  x 2  4 
 1
2
1 1
2 4  4 
60.  2 y     2 y   2  2 y      
2
1 2 3 2 1 2 3
 2 2 2  x  x  x  4  16  x 2  16  4
4 4 4 4
1
 4 y2  2 y  3 4
4  x  x 2  12 x 2  64
16
 x  5   x   
2 2 3 4
62. 8 8
 2 x8  5   52  x  11x 2  64
16
16 8
x  10 x  25
84.  x  3 x  3   x  32
64.  x  1  x 2  x  1  x 2  2  x  3  32
  
 x x 2  x  1  1 x2  x  1   x2  6x  9
 x3  x 2  x  x 2  x  1 86.  4 x  3 4 x  3   4 x 2  32
 x3  1
 16 x 2  9
66.  x  12  x 2  2  x 1  12
 x2  2 x  1

88. Area of outer rectangle: 102. Aframe  Atotal  Apainting

Ao   x  3 x  4 
  x  2  x2
2
 x  4 x  3x  12
2
 x 2  2   2 x   22  x 2
 x 2  7 x  12
Area of inner rectangle:  4x  4
The area of the frame is (4 x  4) square inches.
Ai   x  1 x  2 
 x2  2 x  x  2 104. – 106. Answers will vary.
 x2  3x  2 108. does not make sense; Explanations will vary.
Area of shaded region: Sample explanation: This procedure would be

Ao  Ai  x 2  7 x  12  x 2  3 x  2    incorrect, as it overlooks the middle term. In other
words, this incorrect procedure omits the Outer and
 x 2  7 x  12  x 2  3x  2 Inner terms of FOIL.
 4 x  10 110. makes sense, although answers may vary
2
3x  23x  2
2 112. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
90.  9 x2  4
A sample change is: (3  4)2  32  42
 81x 4  72 x 2  16
(7)2  9  16
92. 9x  1 3x  13x  1
2 49  25
  9 x  1 9 x  1
2 2 114. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
  A sample change is: Since x 2  x 2  x 4 ,
4
 81x  1 (3 x 2  2)(3x 2  2)  9 x 4  4.
94. ( x  4)3 116. To find the correct binomial factors, try different
  x  4  x  4  combinations of constants in the binomials that will
2
give a product of −20 as the last term until you find

  x  4  x 2  8 x  16  the combination that gives the correct middle term.
 x  10  x  2   x2  2 x  10 x  20  x2  8 x  20
  
 x x 2  8 x  16  4 x 2  8 x  16  so the two binomials are (x – 10) and (x + 2).
 x  8 x  16 x  4 x  32 x  64
3 2 2
118. Divide the figure into two rectangles by drawing a
3 2
 x  12 x  48 x  64 vertical line.
96.  x  5   y   x  5  y 
  x  5  y 2
2
 x 2  10 x  25  y 2
98.  x  2  x  1  x 2  x  2 x  2  x 2  3 x  2 The area of the figure is the sum of the areas of the
The area of the larger garden is given by two rectangles.
( x 2  3x  2) square yards. A  3  x  x  x  1
 3x  x2  x
100. If the original garden measures x  8 yards on a
side, the area of the larger garden would be  x2  2 x
8 2  3 8   2  90 square yards.
This corresponds to the point  8,90  on the graph.

120. Let y1   x  2  and y2  x 2  2 x  4.

2 124. 3x  4 y  7
2x  7 y  9
The addition method is a good choice because both
equations are written in the form Ax  By  C . To
eliminate x, multiply the first equation by 2 and the
second equation by −3. Then add the results.
6 x  8 y  14
The graphs do not coincide so the multiplication is 6 x  21y  27
not correct.
 13 y  13
 x  2 2  x 2  4 x  4, so x2  2 x  4 y 1
To correct, let y2  x  4 x  4 .
2
Back-substitute 1 for y in either equation of the
original system.
122. Graph y   x  2  x  2   4 and y  x 2 on the 3x  4 y  7
same set of axes. 3x  4 1  7
3x  4  7
3x  3
x 1
The solution set is 1,1 .
The graphs coincide so the multiplication is correct. 1
125. y  x
 x  2  x  2   4  x 2 3
 x  4  4  x
2 2
Graph y 
1
3
x as a solid line using its slope, ,
1
3
x2  x2 and y-intercept, 0. Since (0,0) is on the line, chose a
different point as a test point, for example, (3,2).
123. 2 x  3 y  1 1
Since 2   3 is false, shade the half-plane not
y  3x  7 3
The substitution method is a good choice because containing (3, 2).
the second equation is already solved for y.
Substitute 3 x  7 for y into the first equation.
2x  3y  1
2 x  3  3x  7   1
2 x  9 x  21  1
11x  21  1
11x  22
x2
126. x3 y  2 xy 2  5 x  2
Back-substitute to find y.
y  3x  7  ( 2)3 (3)  2( 2)(3)2  5( 2)  2
y  3  2   7  6  7  1  ( 8)(3)  2( 2)(9)  5( 2)  2
The solution set is  2, 1 .  24  36  10  2
 72
127. 5 xy  6 xy  (5  6) xy  11xy

128. ( x  2 y )(3 x  5 y )  x  3 x  x  5 y  2 y  3x  2 y  5 y
 3x 2  5 xy  6 xy  10 y 2
 3x 2  11xy  10 y 2
5.4 Check Points
1. Begin by substituting 1 in for x and 5 in for y.

3x3 y  xy 2  5 y  6  3(1)3 (5)  (1)(5)2  5(5)  6
 3(1)(5)  (1)(25)  5(5)  6
 15  25  25  6
 9
2. 8 x 4 y 5  7 x3 y 2  x 2 y  5 x  11
Term Coefficient Degree
4 5
8x y 8 459
7 x 3 y 2 7 3 2  5
2
x y 1 2 1  3
5 x 5 1
11 11 0
The degree of the polynomial is the highest degree of all its terms, which is 9.
3. (8 x 2 y  3xy  6)  (10 x 2 y  5 xy  10)

 8 x 2 y  3xy  6  10 x 2 y  5 xy  10
 8 x 2 y  10 x 2 y  3 xy  5 xy  6  10
 2 x 2 y  2 xy  4
4. (7 x3  10 x 2 y  2 xy 2  5)  (4 x3  12 x 2 y  3xy 2  5)
 7 x3  10 x 2 y  2 xy 2  5  4 x3  12 x 2 y  3xy 2  5
 7 x3  4 x3  10 x 2 y  12 x 2 y  2 xy 2  3xy 2  5  5
 3 x3  2 x 2 y  5 xy 2  10
5. (6 xy 3 )(10 x 4 y 2 )  (6  10)( x  x 4 )( y 3  y 2 )
 60 x1 4 y 3 2
 60 x5 y 5
6. 6 xy 2 (10 x 4 y 5  2 x 2 y  3)
 6 xy 2  10 x 4 y 5  6 xy 2  2 x 2 y  6 xy 2  3
 60 x1 4 y 2  5  12 x1 2 y 2 1  18 xy 2
 60 x5 y 7  12 x3 y 3  18 xy 2

7. a. (7 x  6 y )(3x  y )
F   O   I   L 
 (7 x)(3 x)  (7 x)( y )  (6 y )(3 x)  (6 y )( y )
 21x 2  7 xy  18 xy  6 y 2
 21x 2  25 xy  6 y 2
( A B) 2 2 2
   A
 A B  
2 B
b. (2 x  4 y )  (2 x)  2(2 x)(4 y )  (4 y )2
2 2
 4 x2  16 xy  16 y 2
 4 x 2  16 xy  16 y 2
( A  B ) ( A  B ) 2 2
   

A   B
8. a. (6 xy  5 x)(6 xy  5 x)  (6 xy )  (5 x)2
2 2 2 2
 36 x 2 y 4  25 x 2
b. ( x  y )( x 2  xy  y 2 )  x( x 2  xy  y 2 )  y ( x 2  xy  y 2 )
 x  x 2  x  xy  x  y 2  y  x 2  y  xy  y  y 2
 x3  x 2 y  xy 2  x 2 y  xy 2  y 3
 x3  x 2 y  x 2 y  xy 2  xy 2  y 3
 x3  y 3
5.4 Concept and Vocabulary Check
1. 18
2. 6
3. a; n + m
4. 9; 9
5. false
6. true
5.4 Exercise Set
2. x 2  3xy  y 2   2   3  2  3   3

2 2
 4  18  9
 5

4. x3 y  xy  2   2   3   2  3  2
3
 8   3   6   2
 24  6  2
 16
6. 3x 2 y  4 y  5
 3 2  3  4  3  5
2
 3  4  3   12   5
 36  12  5
 19
8. 12 x 4 y  5 x3 y 7  x 2  4
12 x 4 y 12 4 1  5
3 7
5 x y 5 3  7  10
 x2 1 2
4 4 0
10.  2 x y  xy    4x y  7 xy    2 x y  4 x y    xy  7 xy 
2 2 2 2
 2 x 2 y  8 xy
12.  7 x y  5xy  13   3x y  6xy  4   7 x y  3x y   5xy  6 xy   13  4

2 2 2 2
 4 x 2 y  11xy  17
14.  6 x y  10 x y  7 xy    12 x y  3x y  xy 
4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2
  6 x y  12 x y    10 x y  3 x y    7 xy  xy 
4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2
 6 x 4 y 2  13x 2 y 2  6 xy
16.  x  7 xy  5 y    6 x  3xy  4 y 
4 3 4 3
  x  7 xy  5 y    6 x  3xy  4 y 
4 3 4 3
  x  6 x    7 xy  3xy    5 y  4 y 
4 4 3 3
 5 x 4  4 xy  9 y 3

18.  5 x y  6 x y  7 y    3x y  5 x y  6 y  8 x 
4 2 3 4 2 3
  5 x y  6 x y  7 y    3x y  5 x y  6 y  8 x 
4 2 3 4 2 3
  5 x y  3 x y    6 x y  5 x y    7 y  6 y    8 x 
4 2 4 2 3 3
 2 x 4 y 2  11x3 y  y  8 x
20.  x  y    6 x  x y  xy  2 y 
3 3 3 2 2 3
  x  y    6 x  x y  xy  2 y 
3 3 3 2 2 3
  x  6 x     y  2 y     x y   xy
3 3 3 3 2 2
 7 x3  x 2 y  xy 2  3 y 3
22. Add: 7a 2 b2  5ab 2  6b 2

10a 2 b 2  6ab2  6b2
3a 2 b2  ab2  12b2
24. 13x 2 y 4  17 xy 2  xy

 7 x 2 y 4  8 xy 2  xy 
To subtract, add the opposite of the polynomial being subtracted.
13x 2 y 4  17 xy 2  xy
7 x 2 y 4  8 xy 2  xy
20 x 2 y 4  9 xy 2  2 xy
26.  6 x  15 y    x  19 y     23x  5 y   6 x  15 y  x  19 y  23x  5 y

 6 x  x  23x  15 y  19 y  5 y
 16 x  y
28. 10 x y  5xy   10  5  x  x   y  y 

2 2
 50 x 21 y11
 50 x3 y 2
30.  7 x y  10 x y    7  10  x

4 5 7 11 4
 x7  y 5
 y11 
 70 x 4 7 y 511
 70 x11 y16
32. 7 xy  8 x  3 y   7 xy  8 x  7 xy  3 y
 56 x11 y  21xy11
 56 x 2 y  21xy 2

 
34. 6 x 2 y 5 x 2  9 y  6 x 2 y  5 x 2  6 x 2 y  9 y
 30 x 2 2 y  54 x 2 y11
 30 x 4 y  54 x 2 y 2
 
36. 2ab 2 20a 2b3  11ab  2ab 2  20a 2 b3  2ab 2 11ab
 40a1 2 b 23  22a11b 21

 40a3b5  22a 2 b3
 
38. b a3  ab  b3  b  a3  b   ab   b  b3
 a3b  ab11  b13

 a3b  ab 2  b 4
40.  x  9 y  6 x  7 y   x  6 x   x  7 y   9 y  6 x   9 y  7 y 
 6 x 2  7 xy  54 xy  63 y 2
 6 x 2  61xy  63 y 2
42.  3x  y  2 x  5 y    3x  2 x    3x  5 y     y  2 x     y  5 y 
 6 x 2  15 xy  2 xy  5 y 2
 6 x 2  13xy  5 y 2
44.  7 xy  1 2 xy  3   7 xy  2 xy    7 xy  3  1 2 xy   1 3

 14 x 2 y 2  21xy  2 xy  3
 14 x 2 y 2  19 xy  3
46.  2 x  5 y 2   2 x 2  2  2 x  5 y    5 y 2
 4 x 2  20 xy  25 y 2
48.  xy  52   xy 2  2  xy  5  52
 x 2 y 2  10 xy  25
2x    2x    y    y 
2 2 2
2
50.  y2 2
 2 2x2 2 2
 4 x4  4 x 2 y 2  y 4
x   x    y    y 
2 2 2
2
52.  y2 2
 2 x2 2 2
 x4  2 x2 y 2  y 4
54.  x  5 y  x  5 y    x 2   5 y 2  x2  25 y 2
56.  ab  2  ab  2    ab 2   2 2  a 2b2  4

x    
2
  y   x4  y2
2 2
58.  y x2  y  x2
5a b  a 5a b  a   5a b 

2
  a   25a 4 b2  a 2
2 2 2 2
60.
 7 xy    
2
 10 y 
2 2
62.  10 y 7 xy 2  10 y  7 xy 2
 49 x 2 y 4  100 y 2
64.  a  b   a 2  b2   a  a 2   a  b2   b  a 2   b  b2 
 a3  ab 2  a 2 b  b3
 a3  a 2 b  ab 2  b3
66.  x  y   x 2  5 xy  y 2   x  x2  5 xy  y 2   y  x2  5 xy  y 2 
 x3  5 x 2 y  xy 2  x 2 y  5 xy 2  y 3
 x3  6 x 2 y  6 xy 2  y 3
68.  x  y   x 2  4 xy  y 2   x  x2  4 xy  y 2   y  x 2  4 xy  y 2 
  
x x 2  4 xy  y 2  y  x 2  4 xy  y 2 
 x3  4 x 2 y  xy 2  x 2 y  4 xy 2  y 3
 x3  5 x 2 y  5 xy 2  y 3
 xy  ab  xy  ab    xy    ab  2 2
2 2 2
70.
 x 2 y 2  a 2b 4
72.  x  1 xy
2 4
 
 y 2  1  x 2 xy 4  y 2  1  1 xy 4  y 2  1   
 x y  x y  x  xy  y  1
3 4 2 2 2 4 2
 x y  5   x y   2  x y   5    5 
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
74.  x 4 y 4  10 x 2 y 2  25
76.  x  y  1 x  y  1    x  1  y    x  1  y 
  x  1  y 2
2
 x 2  2  x 1  12  y 2
 x2  2 x  y 2  1

78.  x  3 y  x  3 y    x  3 y 2 1
88. a. 2 x 2 y   x 2 y
2
  x   2  x  3 xy    3 y 
2 2
1
 2 13  27    13  27 
2 2
2 2 2
 x  6x y  9 y 2

The area of the shaded region is x 2  6 x 2 y  9 y 2  2 169  27   169  27 
2
square units.
4563
 9126    16, 294
2
80.  xy  4  xy  4    xy 2  42 The volume of the storage shed is about 16,294
 x 2 y 2  16 cubic feet.
The area of the shaded region is x 2 y 2  16 square b. No, they should not construct this storage
units. building because they need more space.
90. v0  80, s0  96 and t  4

  
2
82.  1  a3b3 1  a3b3 
  s  16t 2  v0t  s0
2
 2
  
2
 1  a3b3 s  16t 2  80t  96

s  16  4   80  4   96
2
2
 1  a 6b6   16 16   320  96
 
 256  416  160
   
2
 1  2 1 a 6b6  a 6b6
2
The ball will be160 feet above the ground after 4
seconds.
 1  2a 6b6  a12b12
92. The ball is rising from 0 to 2.5 seconds.
84.  ab  4 2  ab  4 2
94. The corresponding point is  4,160  .
  ab  4  ab  4  
2
2 96. The ball strikes the ground after 6 seconds. That is,
  ab   42 
2
the ball will have height s  0 when t  6 .
 
2
  a 2b 2  16  98. – 100. Answers will vary.
 
   2  a b  16  16
2 2 102. makes sense
 a 2b 2 2 2

 a 4b 4  32a 2b2  256 Sample explanation: FOIL is used to multiply a
binomial by a binomial.
86. (a  b  c)(a  b  c)
  a  (b  c)   a   b  c  
106. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
A sample change is: The coefficient of the x3 y 2
 a  b  c
2 2
term is a 1.

 a 2  b2  2bc  c 2  108. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
A sample change is: The right-hand-side of the
 a 2  b 2  2bc  c 2
equation should be 14xy , not zero.

110. Area of large rectangle: Chapter 5 Mid-Chapter Check Point

 3x  4 y  3x  4 y   9 x  16 y
2 2
Area of small squares:  x  x   x 2

1. 11x y  5x y 
2 3 2 3
Area of shaded region is the area of the large  55 x 2 2 y 33  55 x 4 y 6
rectangle minus the areas of the 4 small squares:
9 x 2  16 y 2  4 x  5 x 2  16 y 2 2. 11x 2 y 3  5 x 2 y 3  6 x 2 y 3
112. R 
L  3W
; for W
3.  3x  5 4 x  7 
2
 12 x 2  21x  20 x  35
L  3W
R  12 x 2  x  35
2
 L  3W 
2R  2   4.  3x  5   4 x  7 
 2 
  3 x  5    4 x  7 
2 R  L  3W
2 R  L  L  3W  L   x  12
 2 x  5  x 2  3x  1
2 R  L  3W
5.
2 R  L 3W

3
2R  L
3
2R  L
  
 2 x x 2  3x  1  5 x2  3 x  1 
 W or W   2 x3  6 x 2  2 x  5 x 2  15 x  5
3 3
 2 x3  11x 2  17 x  5
113. 6.4   10.2   6.4  10.2  3.8
6.  2 x  5   x2  3x  1
114. 0.02( x  5)  0.03  0.03( x  7)
0.02 x  0.1  0.03  0.03x  0.21  x2  x  4
0.02 x  0.1  0.03x  0.18
100(0.02 x  0.1)  100(0.03x  0.18) 7.  8 x  3 2
2 x  10  3x  18   8 x   2  8 x  3  32
2
2 x  3 x  8
 64 x 2  48 x  9
5 x  8
5 x 8
5

5
8.  10 x  7 x   70 x
4 5 9
x  1.6
The solution set is {1.6}. 9.  x  2 x  2
2 2
 x   2
2
2 2
x7 x  x  x xxxx
115.   x4
x 3 xxx  x4  4
( x 2 )3 x6
 x  2
2
2
116.  10.
53 125
  x   2  x   2  2
2
2 2 2
3 5 5 3 5 15
(2a ) 2 (a ) 32a
117.  
(b 4 )5 b20 b20  x4  4 x2  4

11.  9a  10b  2a  b  19. 5x  4 2 x  1

4 3
 18a 2  9ab  20ba  10b 2

 10 x 7  5 x 4  8 x3  4
2 2
 18a  9ab  20ab  10b
 18a 2  11ab  10b2 20.  y  6 z 2  y 2  2  y  6 z    6 z 2
 y 2  12 yz  36 z 2
2

12. 7 x 10 x  2 x  3 3

 70 x5  14 x3  21x 2
21.  2 x  3 2 x  3   5 x  4  5 x  4 
  
 4 x 2  9  25 x 2  16 
13.   
3a 2b3  ab  4b 2  2a 2b3  3ab  5b2    4 x  9    25 x  16 
2 2

 3a 2b3  ab  4b    2a b2 2 3
 3ab  5b 
2
 21x 2  7
 5a b  2ab  b
2 3 2
22. Make a table of values:
14. 2  3 y  5  3 y  5   2 9 y 2  25   x y  1  x2 ( x, y )
 18 y 2  50 3 y  1  (3)  8
2
 3, 8
2 y  1  (2)2  3  2, 3
15.  9 x  5 x  2 x  7 
3 2
1 y  1  (1)2  0  1, 0 
 11x  6 x  3x  7 
3 2 0 y  1  (0)2  1  0,1
y  1  (1)2  0 1, 0 
  9 x  11x    5 x  6 x 
3 3 2 2 1
2 y  1  (2) 2  3  2, 3
  2 x  3 x    7  7 
3 y  1  (3)2  8  3, 8
 2x  x  x3 2
16. 10 x 2  8 xy  3 y 2  xy  
 10 x 2  8 xy  3 y 2  3xy
 10 x 2  5 xy  3 y 2
17.  2 x  x  3x  10
5 4
  2 x  6 x  7 x  13
5 4
  2 x  x  3x  10 
5 4 5.5 Check Points
  2 x  6 x  7 x  13
512
 512  4  58
5 4
1. a. 4
5
 4 x5  7 x 4  10 x  23
x9
 x9  2  x 7
 x  3y  x 
2 2 b.
18.  3xy  9 y x2

 x x 2  3xy  9 y 2  3 y x 2  3xy  9 y 2    c.
y 20
 y 20 1  y19
 x3  3x 2 y  9 xy 2  3x 2 y  9 xy 2  27 y 3 y
 x3  27 y 3

2. a. 140  1 5.5 Concept and Vocabulary Check
b. (10)0  1 1. bm n ; subtract
2. 1
c. 100  1  100  1  1  1
an
d. 20 x  20  1  20
0 3. ; numerator; denominator
bn
e. (20 x)0  1 4. divide; subtract
2 5. dividend; divisor; quotient

 x x2 x2
3. a.    2 
5 5 25 6. divisor; quotient; dividend
3 7. 20 x8  10 x 4  6 x3 ; 2x3
 x4  x 43 x12
b.    3 
 2  2 8
4 5.5 Exercise Set

 2a10  24 (a10 )4 16a 40
c.  3    12
 b  (b3 ) 4 b 330
2.  33010  320
310
20 x12 20 12  4
4. a.  x  2 x8
10 x 4 10 x8
4.  x 8 4  x 4
x4
3x4 3 44 1 0 1
b.  x  x 
15 x 4 15 5 5 y19
6.  y196  y13
6
y
9 x6 y5 9
c.   x 6 1 y 5  2  3x5 y3
3xy 2 3 36  28 36 28
8.    36 3  284  33  24
33  24 33 24
15 x  6 x  9 x
9 5 3
15 x 9
6x 5
9x 3
5.   
3x 2
3x 2
3x 2
3x2 x 200 y 40
10.  x 200 25 y 4010  x175 y 30
25 10
 5 x  2 x  3x
7 3
x y
25 x9  7 x 4  10 x3 25 x9 7 x 4 10 x3 12. 40  1
6.   
5 x3 5 x3 5 x3 5 x3
7
 5 x6  x  2
14.  4  0  1
5
16. 40  1 40  1 1  1
7 6 2 3 2
18 x y  6 x y  60 xy
7.
6 xy 2 18. 200 y 0  200 1  200
18 x 7 y 6 6 x 2 y3 60 xy 2
   20.  200 y 0  1
6 xy 2 6 xy 2 6 xy 2
 3x 6 y 4  xy  10

22. 60   6   1 60   6  9 y19

0 0
9 1911 9 8
44.  y  y
11 7 7
 1  1  1 7y
 1  1
0 40 x9 y 5 40 9 2 51
46.  x y  20 x7 y 4
2 2
2x y
 
0
24.  30   3   1  1  1  1  2
15 x16 y 2 15 16 2 2 2
48. 2 2
 x y
2 45 x y 45
 x x2 x2
26.     1 1
5 52 25   x14 y 0   x14
3 3
 
3
 x2 
3
x2 x 2  3 x6 7 x30 y30 7 3030 3030
28.     50.  x y
 30 30 15
 3  33 27 27 15 x y
 
7 0 0 7
 x y 
 
2 15 15
 3x 4 
2
32 x 4 9 x 4  2 9 x8
30.     
 7  72 49 49 8 x12 y10 z 4 8 12 2 10 3 4 2
  52.  x y z
2 3 2 40
40 x y z
 5 
32.  
 5  125   125
3 3 1
  x10 y 7 z 2
3
 
5
 2a  23 a3
3
8a 3  3 8a 9
20 x 4  5 x3 20 x 4 5 x3
54.  
  5 5 5
5
 2a8 
5
 2 5 a8 20 4 5 3
34.     x  x
 
 b3  5
  b3 5 5
 4 x 4  x3
8 5
32a 32a 40
 
3 5 24 x 4  8 x3 24 x 4 8 x3
b b15 56.  
8x 8x 8x
  
4 4 24 41 8 31
4
 x3 y 2  x3 y2  x  x
36.    8 8
 2z  24 z 4
   3x3  x 2
x3  4 y 2  4 x12 y8
  y8  11 y3  y y8 11y 3 y
16 z 4 16 z 4 58.   
y y y y
45 x12 45 12 4  y81  11 y31  y11
38.  x  3x8
4 15
15 x  y 7  11y 2  y 0
15 x 40 15 40 4  y 7  11y 2  1

40.  x  5 x36
3x4 3
10 x3  20 x 2 10 x3 20 x 2
60.  
15 y13 15 139 1 5 x 5 x 5 x
42.  y   y4 10 31 20 2 1
45 y 9 45 3  x  x
5 5
 2 x 2  4 x1
 2 x 2  4 x

18 x5  24 x 4  12 x3 49 x 7  28 x5  7 x 4
62. 72.
6x2 7 x3
5 4 3 7
18 x 24 x 12 x 49 x 28 x5 7 x 4
     
6 x2 6x2 6 x2 7 x3 7 x3 7 x3
18 5 2 24 4 2 12 3 2 49 7 3 28 53 7 4 3
 x  x  x  x  x  x
6 6 6 7 7 7
 3 x3  4 x 2  2 x  7 x4  4 x2  x
49 x 4  14 x3  70 x 2 25 x8  50 x7  3 x6  40 x5
64. 74.
7 x 5 x 5
4 3 2
49 x 14 x 70 x 25 x 8
50 x7 3x6 40 x5
      
7 x 7 x 7 x 5 x 5 x5 5 x5 5 x5
49 4 1 14 31 70 21 25 81 50 7 5 3 6 5 40 55
 x  x  x  x  x  x  x
7 7 7 5 5 5 5
 7 x3  2 x 2  10 x 3
 5 x 7  10 x 2  x1  8 x 0
5
66. 16 y 2
8y  y  16 y 2  8 y
y
3
 5 x 7  10 x 2  x  8
5
16 y 2 8 y
  18a3b 2  9a 2 b  27ab2
y y 76.
9ab
 16 y 2 1  8 y11
18a3b2 9a 2 b 27ab 2
 16 y1  8 y 0   
9ab 9ab 9ab
 16 y  8 18 31 2 1 9 21 11 27 11 21
 a b  a b  a b
9 9 9
12 y 4  42 y 2 12 y 4 42 y 2
68.    2a 2 b1  a1b0  3a 0b1
4 y 4 y 4 y
 2a 2 b  a  3b
12 4 1 42 2 1
 y  y
4 4 8 x 6 y 3  12 x8 y 2  4 x14 y 6
21 78.
 3 y 3  y 4 x 6 y 2
2
8 x6 y 3 12 x8 y 2 4 x14 y 6
  
9 x  12 x  3x
3 2
4 x 6 y 2 4 x 6 y 2 4 x 6 y 2
70.
3x
3 2
 2 x6 6 y 3 2  3x86 y 2 2  x14 6 y 6 2
9x 12 x 3 x
    2 x0 y1  3x 2 y 0  x8 y 4
3x 3x 3x
9 12 3 11  2 y  3 x 2  x 8 y 4
 x31  x 21  x
3 3 3
 3 x 2  4 x1  x0
 3x2  4 x  1

6 x3  3x  1  5 x 2  6 x  3
80.
3x 2
18 x 4  6 x3  30 x3  15 x 2

3x 2
18 x  24 x3  15 x 2
4

3x 2
18 x 424 x3 15 x 2
   2
3x2 3x 2 3x
 6 x2  8x  5
 9 x3  6 x 2   12 x 2 y 2  4 xy 2 
82.    
 3x   2 xy 2 
   
 9 x3 6 x 2   12 x 2 y 2 4 xy 2 
    
 3x 3 x   2 xy 2 2 xy 2 
 
 3x 2  2 x   6 x  2   3x 2  4 x  2
84.
 y  4 2   y  4  y  4 
2y

y 2
 
 8 y  16  y 2  16 
2y
2 y  8 y 2 y2 8 y
2
    y4
2y 2y 2y
35 x10 n  15 x8n  25 x 2 n
86.
5 x 2n
35 x10 n 15 x8n 25 x 2 n
  
5 x2n 5 x 2n 5 x2n
 7 x8 n  3 x 6 n  5
Receipts 8945
88. a. Average    6.41
Admissions 1395
The average admission charge for a film in 2005 was $6.41.
Receipts 3.6 x 2  158 x  2790

b. Average  
Admissions 0.2 x 2  21x  1015

2005 is 25 years after 1980.


2
3.6 x  158 x  2790 3.6(25)2  158(25)  2790
c. 
0.2 x 2  21x  1015 0.2(25)2  21(25)  1015
8990

1415
 6.35
According to the model, the average admission charge for a film in 2005 was $6.35.
This overestimates the actual value by $0.06.
d. Polynomial division cannot be performed using the methods in this section because the divisor is not a monomial.
96. does not make sense; Explanations will vary. Sample explanation: Numbers to 0 powers equal 1.
98. makes sense
100. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary. A sample change is: x10  x 2  x10  2  x8
x2  x x 2 x
102. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary. A sample change is:    x 1
x x x
18 x8  27 x6  36 x 4
104.  6 x 6  9 x 4  12 x 2
2
3x
so the required polynomial is
18 x8  27 x 6  36 x 4 .
One way to find this polynomial is to use the relationship between division and multiplication:
 
3x 2 6 x 6  9 x 4  12 x 2  18 x8  27 x 6  36 x 4 .
106. To get 2 as the coefficient of the middle term of the quotient, the coefficient in the divisor must be −3. To get the
exponents shown in the three terms of the quotient, the exponent in the divisor must be 7. Since we now know that the
divisor is 3x 7 , the coefficient of the last term of the dividend must be −9. Therefore,
3x14  6 x12  ? x 7 3x14  6 x12  9 x 7

? x? 3x 7
107. 20.3  20.3
0.875
108. 8 7.000
64
60
56
40
40
0
7
 0.875
8

1 5.6 Check Points

109. y  x2
3
x5
1
slope = ; y-intercept = 2 1. x  9 x  14 x  45
2
3
Plot (0,2). From this point move 1 unit up and 3 x2  9 x
units to the right to reach the point (3,3). Draw a 5 x  45
line through (0,2) and (3,3).
5 x  45
0
x 2  14 x  45
 x5
x9
6 x  8 x 2  12 8 x 2  6 x  12
2. 
2x  3 2x  3
4x  3
26 2 x  3 8 x 2  6 x  12
110. 19 494
38 8 x 2  12 x
114  6 x  12
114
0 6 x  9
The quotient is 26 and the remainder is 0. 3
6 x  8 x 2  12 3
123  4x  3 
111. 24 2958 2x  3 2x  3
24
55 3. Rewrite x3  1 using coefficients of 0 on the
48 missing terms gives x3  0 x 2  0 x  1.
78
72 x2  x  1
6 x  1 x  0x  0x  1
3 2
The quotient is 123 and the remainder is 6. x3  x 2

x2  0 x
257
112. 98 25187 x2  x
196 x 1
558 x 1
490 0
687 x3  1
686  x2  x  1
x 1
1
The quotient is 257 and the remainder is 1. 4. Rewrite the dividend with the missing power of x
and divide.

2 x 2  7 x  14 5.6 Exercise Set

x  2 x 2 x  3x  0 x 2  7 x  10
2 4 3
x2
2x  4x
4 3
2. x  5 x  7 x  10
2
7x 3  0 x 2
x2  5x
7 x  14 x
3 2
2 x  10
14x 2  7 x 2 x  10
14x 2  28 x 0
21x  10 x  7 x  10
2
 x2
Thus, x5
2 x 4  3 x3  7 x  10 21x  10
 2 x 2  7 x  14  2x  3
x  2x
2
x2  2 x 4. x  5 2 x  13 x  15
2
5. x 3

 7 x  6   x  2   x2  2 x  3 2 x 2  10 x
3x  15
2 1 0 7 6 3x  15
2 4 6 0
1 2 3 0 2 x  13x  15
2
 2x  3
x5
x6
6. x  4 x  2 x  24
2
5.6 Concept and Vocabulary Check

x2  4 x
1. 10 x3  4 x 2  0 x  9  6 x  24
6 x  24
2. 8 x 2 ; 2x; 4x; 10x
0
x  2 x  24
2
3. 5x; 3x  2; 15 x 2  10 x; 15 x 2  22 x  x6
x4
4. 5 x 2  10 x; 6 x 2  8 x; 18 x; 4; 18 x  4
2y  7
14 8. y  3 2 y 2  13 y  21
5. 14; x  12; 14; x  12 
x5
2 y2  6 y
7. 4; 1; 5; 7; 1  7 y  21
7 y  21
8. 5; 4; 0; 8 ; 2
0
9. true 2 y  13 y  21
2
 2y  7
y 3

x  10 b 5
10. x  3 x  7 x  5
2
18. 2b  1 2b  9b  5
2
x2  3x 2b 2  b
 10 x  5  10b  5
 10 x  30 10b  5
35 0
x  7x  5
2
35 2b  9b  5
2
 x  10   b5
x3 x3 2b  1
y 5 3y2  5 y  6
12. y  3 y  8 y  9
2
20. 4 y  3 12 y 3  11y 2  9 y  18
y2  3y 12 y 3  9 y 2
 5y  9
 20 y 2  9 y
5 y  15
20 y 2  15 y
 24
24 y  18
8 y  y 2  9 24
 y 5 24 y  18
y 3 y 3
0
x  2x  3
2 9 y  18 y  11 y 2  12 y3
 3y2  5 y  6
14. x  1 x3  3 x 2  5 x  3 4y  3
x3  x 2 2y  5
2 x2  5 x 22. 2 y  1 4 y  8 y  3
2
2 x2  2 x 4 y2  2 y
3x  3
10 y  3
3x  3
10 y  5
0
8
x3  3 x 2  5 x  3
 x2  2x  3 4 y2  8 y  3 8
x 1  2y  5 
2 y 1 2 y 1
2y 5
16. 2 y  1 4 y  8 y  5
2 x2  4 x  8
24. x  2 x3  2 x 2  0 x  3
4 y2  2 y
x3  2 x 2
 10 y  5
10 y  5 4x2  0x
0 4 x2  8x
4 y2  8 y  5 8x  3
 2y  5
2y 1 8 x  16
13
x  2x  3
3 2
13
 x2  4x  8 
x2 x2

y2  y  2 y3  6 y 2  12 y  8
26. 2 y  1 2 y 3  y 2  3 y  2 32. y  2 y 4  8 y 3  24 y 2  32 y  16
2 y3  y 2 y 4  2 y3
 2 y2  3 y 6 y 3  24 y 2
2 y 2  y 6 y 3  12 y 2
4y  2 12 y 2  32 y
4y  2
12 y 2  24 y
0 8 y  16
2 y3  y 2  3 y  2 8 y  16
 y2  y  2
2y 1
0
8 y  y  16  32 y  24 y
3 4 2
2 y2  3y  6
y2
28. 2 y  3 4 y 3  0 y 2  3 y  5
 y 3  6 y 2  12 y  8
4y  6y
3 2
10 x  33
6y 2  3 y
34. x  3 10 x 2  3x  0
6 y2  9 y
10 x 2  30 x
12y  5
 33x  0
12 y  18
33x  99
23
99
4 y3  3 y  5 23
 2 y2  3 y  6  10 x 2  3x 99
2y  3 2y  3  10 x  33 
x3 x3
4 x2  6 x  9
y3  y 2  5 y  5
30. 2 x  3 8 x3  0 x 2  0 x  27
36. y  1 y 4  0 y 3  6 y 2  0 y  3
8 x3  12 x 2
y3  y 2  5 y  5
2
 12 x  0 x
y  1 y 4  0 y3  6 y 2  0 y  3
2
12 x  18 x
18 x  27 y 4  y3
18 x  27 y3  6 y 2
0 y3  y 2
8 x  27
3
 4x2  6x  9  5 y2  0 y
2x  3
5 y 2  5 y
 5y  3
5 y  5
2
y4  6 y2  3 2
 y3  y 2  5 y  5 
y 1 y 1

3 x3  5 x  4 46. 2 5 6 3 11
38. x  0 x  2 3x  0 x  x  4 x 2  12 x  8
2 5 4 3 10 8 22
5 4 11 33
3 x5  0 x 4  6 x 3
5x3  4 x 2  12 x  5x 3
 6 x 2  3x  11   x  2  
5 x3  0 x 2  10 x 33
 5 x 2  4 x  11 
4x  2 x  8
2 x2
4 x2  0 x  8 48. 3 1 4 0 3 2 3
 2x 3 21 63 180 546
3x  x  4 x  12 x  8
5 3 2 1 7 21 60 182 549
x 2
x 
2 5
 4 x 3  3 x 2  2 x  3   x  3
2x
 3 x3  5 x  4  549
x2  2  x 4  7 x3  21x 2  60 x  182 
x 3
6 x2  3x  1 50. 6 1 6 1 6 0
40. 3x 2  0 x  1 18 x 4  9 x3  3x 2  0 x  0 6 72 438 2664
18 x  0 x  6 x
4 3 2 1 12 73 444 2664
9 x3  3x 2  0 x x 2
 6 x  6 x3  x 4   6  x  
9 x  0 x  3x
3 2
2664
 x3  12 x 2  73x  444 
 3 x  3x  0
2
6 x
3 x 2  0 x  1
52. 1/ 2 2 1 2 3 1
 3x  1
1 0 1 1
18 x 4  9 x3  3x 2 3 x  1 2 0 2 2 0
 6 x  3x  1 
2
3x 2  1 3x 2  1
 6 x  3x  1 
2 1  3x 2x 4  1

 x3  2 x 2  3x  1   x    2 x3  2 x  2
 2
3x  1
2
54. 2 1 0 1 0 10 0 0 12
42. 1 1 1 2 2 4 10 20 20 40 80
1 2 1 2 5 10 10 20 40 68
1 2 0
x7  x5  10 x3  12
x 2

 x  2   x  2  x  2 x2
6 5 4 3 2 68
 x  2 x  5 x  10 x  10 x  20 x  40 
44. 3 5 12 8 x2
15 81
56. 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 128
5 27 73
2 4 8 16 32 64 128
 2

5 x  12 x  8   x  3  5 x  27 
73
x3
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 0
x7  128
x2
 x 6  2 x5  4 x 4  8 x3  16 x 2  32 x  64

58. 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 x2  x  1
2 0 2 2 2 64. x  x  1 x  0 x  x  0 x  1
2 4 3 2
1 0 1 1 1 3
x 4  x3  x 2
x  2 x  x  3x  x  1
5 4 3 2
 x3  2 x 2  0 x
x2
3  x3  x 2  x
 x4  x2  x  1 
x2  x2  x  1
 x2  x  1
x 4  x3 y  x 2 y 2  xy 3  y 4
2x  2
60. x  y x5  0 x 4  0 x3  0 x 2  0 x  y 4
x4  x2  1 2x  2
 x2  x  1 
x x y
5 4 x  x 1
2
x  x 1
2
 x 4 y  0 x3
5x2  7 x  3
x y  x y
4 3 2
66. x  4 5 x  7 x  3x  20 x 2  28 x  12
3 5 4 3
x3 y 2  0 x 2
5 x5  20 x 2
x y x y
3 2 2 3
 7 x 4  3 x3  28 x
2 3
 x y  0x 7 x 4
 28 x
 x y  xy
2 3 4
3 x3  12
4 5
xy  y 3x 3
 12
xy  y
4 5 0
0 5 x5  7 x 4  3 x3  20 x 2  28 x  12
x5  y 5 x3  4
 x 4  x3 y  x 2 y 2  xy 3  y 4
x y  5x2  7 x  3
x2  2 x  1 3x 2  xy  2 y 2
62. x 2  3x  2 x 4  x3  7 x 2  7 x  2 68. 4 x  5 y 12 x3  19 x 2 y  13 xy 2  10 y 3
x 4  3 x3  2 x 2 12 x3  15 x 2 y
2 x3  5 x 2  7 x  4 x 2 y  13xy 2
2 x3  6 x 2  4 x 4 x 2 y  5 xy 2
x 2  3x  2 8 xy 2  10 y 3
x2  3x  2 8 xy 2  10 y 3
0 0
x 4  x3  7 x 2  7 x  2 3 2
12 x  19 x y  13 xy  10 y 2 3
 x  2x  1
2
x 2  3x  2 4x  5 y
 3 x 2  xy  2 y 2

70. First, compute the difference:

4x 3
 
 2 x 2  x  1  2 x3  x 2  2 x  5 
3 2
 2 x  3x  3 x  4
Now, complete the division:
2 x3  3 x 2  3 x  4
x2
2 x2  x  1
x  2 2 x3  3x 2  3x  4
2 x3  4 x 2
 x2  3x
 x2  2 x
 1x  4
x  2
6
2 x3  3 x 2  3 x  4 6
 2 x2  x  1 
x2 x2
A 4 x3  12 x 2  x  12
72. A  b  h so b  
h 2x  3
2 x 2  3x  4
2 x  3 4 x3  12 x 2  x  12
4 x3  6 x 2
6 x2  x
6 x2  9 x
 8 x  12
8 x  12
0
The base of the parallelogram is 2 x 2  3x  4 units.

30, 000 x 4  30,000

74. a.
x 1
30,000 x3  30,000 x 2  30,000 x  30,000

b. x  1 30,000 x 4  0 x3  0 x 2  0 x  30,000
30,000 x 4  30,000 x3
30,000 x3  0 x 2
30,000 x3  30,000 x 2
30,000 x 2  0 x
30,000 x 2  30,000 x
30,000 x  30,000
30,000 x  30,000
0
30, 000 x  30, 000
4
 30, 000 x3  30, 000 x 2  30, 000 x  30, 000
x 1
c. Let x  1.08 .
30, 000 x 4  30, 000 30, 000 1.08   30, 000
4

x 1 1.08  1
 $135,183.36
30, 000 x3  30, 000 x 2  30, 000 x  30, 000
 30,000 1.08  30, 000 1.08  30, 000 1.08  30, 000
3 2
 37, 791.36  34,992  32, 400  30, 000  $135,183.36
80. makes sense
82. does not make sense; Explanations will vary. Sample explanation: The correct answer is x 2  x  1.
84. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary. A sample change is: The remainder is –9.
86. true
88. We can find the polynomial by multiplying the divisor by the quotient and adding the remainder.
 x  3 2 x  4   17
 2 x 2  4 x  6 x  12  17
 2 x2  2 x  5

90. Answers will vary. The quotient starts with x to a 6 x 2  16 x  8

power that is one less than the power in the 94. Let y1  and y2  2 x  4 .
3x  2
dividend. It is made up of terms that are all powers
of x down to 1, but with alternating signs. The
remainder is always 2 . Following this pattern,
x7  1 2
 x 6  x5  x 4  x3  x 2  x  1 
x 1 x 1
x 6  x5  x 4  x3  x 2  x  1 The graphs do not coincide so the division is
incorrect.
x  1 x  0 x  0 x5  0 x 4  0 x3  0 x 2  0 x  1
7 6
2x  4
x 7  x6 3x  2 6 x  16 x  8
2
 x 6  0 x5 6 x2  4 x
6 5
x  x 12x  8
x5  0 x 4 12 x  8
x5  x 4 0
The right side should be 2 x  4 .
 x 4  0 x3
96. 7 x  6 y  17
 x 4  x3
3 x  y  18
x3  0 x 2 The addition method is a good choice because both
x3  x 2 equations are written in the form Ax  By  C . To
eliminate y, multiply second equation by 6, and add
 x2  0 x
the result to the first equation.
 x2  x 7 x  6 y  17
x 1 18 x  6 y  108
x 1 25 x  125
2 x5
Long division yields the same result. Back-substitute 5 for x in either equation of the
original system. We choose the original second
x 2  25 equation:
92. Let y1  and y2  x  5 .
x 5 3 x  y  18
3  5   y  18
15  y  18
y3
Solution: {(5,3)}
The graphs do not coincide so the division is
incorrect. 97. P  6%  0.06, B  20
x5 A  PB
x  5 x  0 x  25
2 A   0.06  20 
A  1.2
x2  5x 1.2 is 6% of 20.
5 x  25
5 x  25
0
The right side should be x  5 .

x 2 x 2
   23 72 49
98. 2. a. 2
 
3 5 5 5 7 2 3 8
To clear fractions, multiply by the LCD, 15.
 x 2  x 2 2
15     15    4 52 25
b.    
3 5 5 5 5 4 2 16
 x 2 x 2
15    15    15    15  
 
3  
5  
5 5 1 y2
c. 2

5 x  6  3x  6 7y 7
2 x  6  6
x 1 y8 y8
2 x  12 d.  
y 8 x1 x
x  6
The solution set is {−6}. 1
3. x 12  x 2  x 12  2  x 10  10
x
73 777 1
99. a.   2
7 5 7  7  7 77 7 x2 1
4. a. 10
 x 2 10  x 8 
x x8
3
7
 73  5  7 2
5 75 x3 75 x3 15
7 b.    15 x3 9  15 x 6  6
5 x9 5 x9 x
1
b.  7 2
72 50 y8 50 y8 2
c.    2 y8 14  2 y 6   6
25 y 14 25 y14 y
(2 x3 )4 2 4 ( x3 ) 4 16 x12 12 10
100.    16 x  16 x 2
x10 x10 x10 (6 x 4 )2 62 ( x 4 )2 36 x 42 36 x8
5.   
x11 x11 x11 x11
3
 x5  36
101.  2    x5  2    x3   x9  36 x8 11  36 x 3 
3 3
x  x3
5
 x8  5
  x4 
1
6.  4   x 20 
x  x 20
5.7 Check Points
7. a. The exponent is positive so we move the
1 1
1. a. 62  2  decimal point eight places to the right.
6 36
7.4  109  7, 400, 000, 000
1 1
b. 53  3  b. The exponent is negative so we move the
5 125 decimal point six places to the left.
3.017  106  0.000003017
1 1
c. (3)4  
(3) 4 81 8. a. 7, 410, 000, 000  7.41  109
1
d. 34   4  
1 b. 0.000000092  9.2  108
3 81
9. a. (3  108 )(2  102 )  (3  2)  (108  102 )
1 1
e. 81  1   6  108  2
8 8
 6  1010

8.4  107 8.4 107 8. 7 2  

1

1
b. 4
 
4  10 4 104 7 2 49
7  ( 4)
 2.1  10
1 1
10. 61  
 2.1  1011 61 6
c. (4  102 )3  43  (102 )3 1 1 2 1 1
12. 31  61     
6 3 6 6 6 6
 64  10
 6.4  105 1
14.  43  64
43
7.87  1011 7.87 1011
10.   2.56  103  2560
3.07  108 3.07 108
1
  2   4
2
16.
2
Each citizen would have to pay about $2560.
 2 
43 22 4 1
5.7 Concept and Vocabulary Check 18.   
2 3 64 16
2 4
1
2
12
1.
bn 1 52 25
20.       25
2
5 5 1 2 1
2. false
3
3. true 3 33 43 64
22.     
3
4 4 3 3 27
4. bn
1 x6
5. true 24. 
8 x 6 8
6. false
x 12 y1 y
7. a number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10; 26.  
1 12 12
integer y x x
4
 4   3  4   27   108
8. true 3
28.
3
9. false  3
1
30. x 11  x5  x 115  x 6 
x6
5.7 Exercise Set
2. 92 
1

1 32. 5x 3x   5  3x
7 3 7 3
 15 x 4 
15
x4
92 81
x5 1
4. 4 3

1

1 34.  x512  x 7 
12
43 64 x x7
y 1
6.  7   2 
1

1 36.  y150  y 49 
50
y 49
 7 2 49 y
45 z 4 45 4 12 3
38.  z  3z 8 
12
15 z 15 z8

15 x 4 15 49 5 3x3  5 x14 3  5 31414 3 3

40.  x  5 x  5   62.  x  x
9
3x 3 x5 20 x 14 20 4
15a8 15 813

x   x 12  5
3
5
42.  a
1
  a 5  
1 64. 4
 x12  x 5  x  x7
13
45a 45 3 3a5
3 y   
3 3
7 w8 7 7 7 66. 4
y 7  33 y 4 y 7  27 y12  y 7
44.  w814  w6 
9w14 9 9 9 w6 12  7 
 27 y  27 y 5
x5 x5 1
  x56  x 1 
y 
46. 5
x 
2 6 x 2
3 x y10 1
68.   y1012  y 2 
y 
4 12
3 y y2
y 5 y 5 1
48.   y 56  y 11 
y  y 
2 6
3 y y11 5 1
70. 20
 y 100 
100
y
 5x   
2 2
 a b    a  b 
3
52 x 3 25 x 6
4 4 4
50.   72. 5 3 5 3
 a 20 b12
7 7 7
x x x
1
25 
 25 x 67  25 x 1  20 12
a b
x
a    a  b 
5 5 5
4 y   
3 3 7 2 7 2
5
43 y5 15
74. b
64 y
52.  
4 4
y y y 4  a35b10 
a35
15 4  b10
 64 y  64 y19
x 
3
3 2
x 
3
3 6  x2  x 6 23 8
 x6  x 18 76.      
54.      2


 2 3 2 3
x 6
x6
x 
 x2  3
x 6
  2
x 
4
18 6  1 4
 x 12 
3
x  x3  x 12 y8
x12 78.     
y 
 y2  4
y 8 x12
  2
4 4
 6 x7 
 
6  4
56.     x7 2   3x5
 2 x2  2 
80. The exponent is positive so we move the decimal
  point three places to the right.
1 1 1
   2.75  103  2750
3x  x 
4 4
5
34 5 81x 20
82. The exponent is positive so we move the decimal
point four places to the right.
4x  x 
2 2 x2
58. 1
  4
2 1

1
 x2  7.24  104  72, 400
42 16
84. 9.115  100  9.115 (Don’t move decimal point.)
 3 y  y 
3 3 3 1
60. 1
  3 1
 y3
 3  3 86. The exponent is negative so we move the decimal
point one place to the left.
y3 y3
  8.6  101  0.86
27 27

88. The exponent is negative so we move the decimal 18102 18 102

point two places to the left. 116.  
3 9 103
9  10
3.14  102  0.0314
 2  1023
90. The exponent is negative so we move the decimal
 2  105
point five places to the left.
4.63  105  0.0000463 180  108 180 108
118.  
2 104 2 104
92. 327, 000  3.27 105
 90 108 4
11
94. 370, 000, 000, 000  3.7  10  9  101 104
96. 623  6.23  102  9  101 4

 9  105
98. 9832  9.832  10 3
5  102 5 102
100. 0.00083  8.3  10 4 120.  
20  103 20 103
 0.25  10  
2  3
102. 0.00000103  1.03  106
 2.5  101 105
104. 0.006  6.0  103
 2.5  104
106. 2.71828  2.71828  100
 4 10   
2 2
3
 42  103
3  10 3  10   3  3  10 
122.
4 2 4
108.  102
 16  106
4 2
 9  10
 1.6 101 106
6
 9  10
 1.6 107
 4 10 5 10    4  5  10
3 4 3
104 
 2 10   
110. 5 5
3
124.  25  103
 20  107
 32  1015
 2 101 107
 3.2  101  1015
 2 108
 3.2  1014
20  1020 20 1020
 
5 10   
112. 1 1
10 10 10 10 1010 126. 4
 51  104
 2  1020 10 1
10   104
 2  10 5
 0.2  104
18  102 18 102
114.    2 101  104
9  103 9 103
 2 105
 2  10  
2 3
 xy 
 2  105 2
2
x 2 y 4
128. 
 x y
3
2 x6 y 3
y7
 x 26 y    x 8 y 7  8
4  3
x

130.  3x 4
yz 7  3 x  3
 3x 4 yz 7  33 x 3 144. d  r  t so t 
d
r
y y
 32 x 7 yz 7   9.14 107 miles
2 7 7
3 x z 9x z 7 7 t
1.86  105 miles/second
4 9.14 107
 x4 y5 z 6   
 
4 seconds
132.  4 5 6   x8 y10 z12 1.86 105
x y z 
 
 4.914  102 seconds
1
 x 32 y 40 z 48   491.4 seconds
x32 y 40 z 48 It will take sunlight about 491.4 seconds (a little
more than 8 minutes) to reach the Earth.
2   2x y  9x y 
2 2 0
1 3 1 6 4 3 3
x y 146. – 150. Answers will vary.
134.
 2x y 
2
4 6 152. does not make sense; Explanations will vary.
Sample explanation: 36( x3 )9  36 x 27  36 x12

 2 x y  2 x y  1
2 6 2 2 12 8
2 x y  2 8 12
Sample explanation: This value is much greater than
the world population.
x 26 y 6
 156. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
4
A sample change is: 42  43
 2 10  2.6 10   1.3 10
2 3
4 158. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
 4 10 
136.
3 A sample change is: (2)4  16 and
1 1
24  4  .
1.2 10 8.7 10   1.2 10
6 2
1
2 16
 2.9 10 3 10 

138. 160. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
6 3
A sample change is: 534.7  5.347  102
140. a. 1.35  1012 162. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
A sample change is:
b. 2.5  104  710    2 10 
5 3
1.35  1012 1.35 1012   7  10    0.00000002  10 

5 5
c.  
2.5  104 2.5 104
  7  0.00000002   105
 0.54  108
 7.00000002  105
 5.4  107
 54, 000, 000 1 1
164. 21  22  
2 221
1.35  10 12
1.35 10 12
1 1
142.    
5.55  10 2
5.55 102 2 4
 0.243  1010 2 1 3
  
4 4 4
 2.43  109
Dr. Frankenstein has gathered enough bits and
 2, 430, 000, 000 monuments 3
pieces for of his creature. He still needs parts for
4
3 1
1  .
4 4

Introductory and Intermediate Algebra for College Students 4E Chapter 5 Review
166. The calculator verifies your results. 5.  9 y  7 y  5   4 y

3 2 3
 y 2  7 y  10 
  9 y  4 y    7 y 
168. The calculator verifies your results. 3 3 2
 y 2  7 y   5  10 
169. 8  6 x  4 x  12
 13 y 3  8 y 2  7 y  5
8  8  6 x  4 x  12  8
6 x  4 x  20
6 x  4 x  4 x  4 x  20
6.  5 y  y  8    6 y  3 y  4 
2 2
10 x  20   5 y  y  8   6 y  3 y  4 
2 2
  5 y  6 y     y  3 y    8  4 
10 x 20
 2 2
10 10
x2  11y 2  4 y  4
Interval notation: (, 2)
170. 24  8  3  28   7   3  3  28   7 
7. 13x  8x  2 x   5x  3x
4 3 2 4 3
 2 x2  6 
 9   4   5  13x  8 x  2 x 
4 3 2
171. The whole numbers in the given set are 0 and   5 x  3x  2 x  6 

4 3 2
16   4  .
 13x  5 x    8 x  3x 
4 4 3 3
172. 4 x3 (4 x 2  3x  1)  4 x3  4 x 2  4 x3  3 x  4 x3  1   2x  2x   6
2 2
 16 x5  12 x 4  4 x3
 8 x 4  5 x3  6
173. 9 xy (3xy 2  y  9)  9 xy  3xy 2  9 xy  y  9 xy  9

 27 x 2 y 3  9 xy 2  81xy
8.  13x  6x  5x    x  7 x  11x 
4 2 4 2
  13x  6 x  5 x     x  7 x  11x 
4 2 4 2
174. ( x  3)( x 2  5)  ( x)( x 2 )  ( x)(5)  (3)( x 2 )  (3)(5)

  13x  x    6 x  7 x    5 x  11x 
4 4 2 2
3 2
 x  5 x  3x  15
 14 x 4  13x 2  16 x
 x3  3x 2  5 x  15
9. 7 y 4  6 y 3  4 y 2  4 y
Chapter 5 Review Exercises y3  y 2  3 y  4

7 y 4  5 y3  3 y 2  y  4
1. 7 x 4  9 x is a binomial of degree 4.
10. 7 x2  9 x  2
2. 3x  5 x 2  2 is a trinomial of degree 2.
3. 16 x is a monomial of degree 1.

 4 x2  2 x  7 
4.  6 x  7 x  9 x  3  14 x  3x  11x  7 
3 2 3 2 To subtract, add the opposite of the polynomial
being subtracted.
  6 x  14 x    7 x  3x    9 x  11x    3  7 
3 3 2 2 7 x2  9 x  2
4 x 2  2 x  7
 8 x3  10 x 2  20 x  4
3x 2  7 x  9

11. 5 x3  6 x 2  9 x  14 14. x 20  x3  x 20 3  x 23

 5 x3  3x 2  11x  3  15. y  y 5  y8  y1  y 5  y8  y158  y14

x 
5
being subtracted. 16. 20
 x 205  x100
5 x3  6 x 2  9 x  14
5 x3  3x 2  11x  3 17. 10 y 2  102 y 2  100 y 2
10 x3  9 x 2  2 x  11
 4 x  x 
3 3
  4 
10 3 10
12. 18.  64 x30
y  x2  3
 5x  10 x3    5 10   x1  x3   50 x 4
x ( x, y )
19.
3 y  (3)2  3  12  3,12 
 2, 7 
2
1
y  (2)2  3  7
2
y  (1)  3  4  1, 4 
20.  12 y 3 y   36 y
7 4 11
0 y  (0)2  3  3  0, 3 21.  2 x  3x 5x   30 x

5 4 3 12
1 y  (1)2  3  4 1, 4 
2 y  (2)2  3  7  2, 7     
22. 7 x 3 x 2  9  7 x 3 x 2   7 x  9 
3 2
y  (3)  3  12  3,12   21x3  63 x
 
23. 5 x3 4 x 2  11x  5 x3 4 x 2  5 x3 11x   
 20 x5  55 x 4

24. 3 y 2 7 y 2  3 y  6 
13.  
 3 y 2 7 y 2  3 y 2  3 y   3 y 2  6 
x y  1  x2 ( x, y )  21 y 4  9 y3  18 y 2
3 y  1  (3) 2  8  3, 8
2 y  1  (2)  32
 2, 3 
25. 2 y 5 8 y 3  10 y 2  1 
1 y  1  (1)2  0  1, 0    
 2 y 5 8 y 3  2 y 5 10 y 2  2 y 5 1 
0 y  1  (0)  12
 0,1  16 y  20 y  2 y
8 7 5
1 y  1  (1)  02
1, 0 
2 y  1  (2) 2  3  2, 3 26.  x  3  x 2  5 x  2 
3 y  1  (3)2  8  3, 8 
 x x 2  5x  2  3 x2  5 x  2   
 x3  5 x 2  2 x  3x 2  15 x  6
 x3  2 x 2  13 x  6

27.  3 y  2   4 y 2  3 y  5 35.  y  1 y  1   y 

2 2 2
2
 12  y 4  1
  
 3 y 4 y2  3y  5  2 4 y2  3y  5 
36.  x  32  x 2  2  x  3  32
 12 y 3  9 y 2  15 y  8 y 2  6 y  10
 x2  6 x  9
 12 y  y  21y  10
3 2
37.  3 y  4 2   3 y 2  2  3 y  4   16
28. y  4 y  7
2
 9 y 2  24 y  16
3y  5
5 y 2  20 y  35 38.  y  12  y 2  2 y  1
3 y 3  12 y 2  21y
3 y 3  17 y 2  41y  35 39.  5 y  2 2   5 y 2  2  5 y  2   22
 25 y 2  20 y  4
29. 4 x3  2 x 2  6 x  1
 x  4   x   2 x   4  4
2 2
2x  3 40. 2 2 2 2
12 x3  6 x 2  18 x  3
 x 4  8 x 2  16
8 x 4  4 x3  12 x 2  2 x
8 x 4  8 x3  18 x 2  20 x  3
x    
2
2
41.  4 x 2  4  x2  42  x 4  16
30.  x  6  x  2 
 x  4 x  5   x 
2
 x x  x2  6 x  62 42. 2 2 2
 5 x 2  4 x 2  20
 x 2  2 x  6 x  12
 x 4  x 2  20
 x  8 x  12
2
43. A   x  3 x  4 
31.  3 y  5 2 y  1  6 y 2  3 y  10 y  5  x 2  4 x  3x  12
 6 y2  7 y  5  x 2  7 x  12
32.  4 x  2 x  3
2 2
44. A   x  30  x  20 
 4 x 2  x 2  4 x 2  3   2  x 2  2  3   x 2  20 x  30 x  600
 4 x 4  12 x 2  2 x 2  6  x 2  50 x  600
The area of the expanded garage is
 4 x 4  14 x 2  6
x 2

 50 x  600 yards 2 .
33.  5x  4  5 x  4    5x  2
4 2
45. 2 x3 y  4 xy 2  5 y  6
 25 x  16
2
 2  1  2   4  1 2   5  2   6
3 2
34.  7  2 y  7  2 y   72   2 y 2  2  1 2   4 1 4   5  2   6

 49  4 y 2  4  16  10  6  28

46. 4 x 2 y  9 x3 y 2  17 x 4  12
4 x2 y 4 2 1  3
3 2
9x y 9 3 2  5
17 x 4 17 4
12 12 0
47.  7 x  8xy  y    8x  9 xy  4 y 

2 2 2 2
  7 x  8 x    8 xy  9 xy    y  4 y 
2 2 2 2
  x 2  17 xy  5 y 2
48. 13x y  5x y  9 x   11x y  6 x y  3x  4

3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2
 13 x y  5 x y  9 x    11x y  6 x y  3 x  4 
3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2
 13 x y  11x y    5 x y  6 x y    9 x  3x   4
3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2
 2 x3 y 2  x 2 y  6 x 2  4
49.  7 x y 5x y    7  5 x

2 3 4 6 2 4 3 6
y
 35 x6 y 9

50. 5ab 2 3a 2b3  4ab 
 
 5ab2 3a 2 b3  5ab2  4ab 
 15a3b5  20a 2b3
51.  x  7 y  3x  5 y 
 x  3 x   x  5 y   7 y  3 x   7 y  5 y 
 3 x 2  5 xy  21xy  35 y 2
 3 x 2  16 xy  35 y 2
52.  4 xy  3 9 xy  1
 4 xy  9 xy   4 xy  1  3  9 xy   3  1
 36 x 2 y 2  4 xy  27 xy  3
 36 x 2 y 2  31xy  3
53.  3x  5 y 2   3x 2  2  3x  5 y    5 y 2
 9 x 2  30 xy  25 y 2

54.  xy  7 2   xy 2  2  xy  7   72 67.
30 x8  25 x7  40 x5
 x 2 y 2  14 xy  49 5 x3
8
30 x 25 x 7 40 x5
  
55.  7 x  4 y  7 x  4 y    7 x 2   4 y 2 5 x 3 5 x 3 5 x3
 49 x 2  16 y 2  6 x 5  5 x 4  8 x 2
56.  a  b   a 2  ab  b2  68.
27 x3 y 2  9 x 2 y  18 xy 2
3xy
  
 a a 2  ab  b 2  b a 2  ab  b2  
27 x3 y 2 9 x 2 y 18 xy 2
 
 a3  a 2 b  ab2  a 2b  ab 2  b3 3xy 3xy 3xy
  
 a3  a 2 b  a 2b  ab2  ab 2  b3   9 x 2 y  3x  6 y
 a 3  b3 2x  7
69. x  2 2 x 2  3 x  14
640
57.  64010  630 2x2  4 x
610
7 x  14
x18 7 x  14
58.  x183  x15
x3 0
2 x 2  3x  14
 2x  7
59.  10  0
1 x2
60. 100   1  1 x 2  3x  5

70. 2 x  1 2 x  5 x 2  7 x  5
3
61. 400 x0  400 1  400

2 x3  x 2
   6 x2  7 x
3
 x4 
3
x4 x 43 x12
62.      6 x 2  3x
 2  23 8 8
  10 x  5
10 x  5
 34
4
 3  81 81
63.      0
 2 y6 
   
4 4
  2 y6 24 y 6 16 y 24
2 x3  5 x 2  7 x  5
 x 2  3x  5
2x  1
15 y8 15 y8
64.    5 y 6
3y2 3 y2
40 x8 y 6 40 x8 y 6
65.     8 x7 y 3
5 xy3 5 x1 y 3
18 x 4  12 x 2  36 x 18 x 4 12 x 2 36 x
66.   
6x 6x 6x 6x
 3x 2  2 x  6

x2  5 x  2 74. 4x 3

 3 x 2  2 x  1   x  1
71. x  7 x  2 x 2  33x  7
3
1 4 3 2 1
3
x  7x 2 4 7 5
4 7 5 4
5 x 2  33x
5 x 2  35 x 4x 3

 3 x 2  2 x  1   x  1
2x  7 4
 4 x2  7 x  5 
2 x  14 x 1
7
x3  2 x 2  33x  7
 x2  5x  2 
7
75.  3x 4

 2 x 2  10 x  20   x  2 
x7 x7 2 3 0 2 10 20
6 12 20 20
y2  3 y  9 3 6 10 10 0
72. y  3 y 3  0 y 2  0 y  27
 3x 4

 2 x 2  10 x  20   x  2 
y3  3 y 2
 3 x3  6 x 2  10 x  10
3y  0 y
2
3y2  9 y 76. x 4

 16   x  4 
9 y  27 4 1 0 0 0 16
9 y  27 4 16 64 256
0 1 4 16 64 272
2
y  27
 y2  3y  9 x 4

 16   x  4 
y 3 272
 x3  4 x 2  16 x  64 
x4
2 x 2  3x  1
73. 2 x  0 x  1 4 x  6 x  0 x 2  3x  1
2 4 3
1 1
77. 7 2  
2 49
4 x 4  0 x3  2 x 2 7
6 x3  2 x 2  3x
 4 3 
1 1 1
78.  
6 x  0 x  3x
3 2
 4  3 64 64
 2x  0x 1
2
1 1 3
2 x 2  0 x  1 79. 21  41   
2 4 4
0
4 x  6 x  3x  1
4 3 1
 52  25
 2 x 2  3x  1 80.
2x 12 52

3
2 23 53 125 91. 2.3  104  23,000
81.     
5 53 23 8
92. 1.76 103  0.00176
x3 1
82.  x39  x 6  93. 9 101  0.9
9
x x6
30 y 6 30 y 6 6 94. 73,900, 000  7.39  107

83.    6 y 2 
5 y8 5 y8 y2
95. 0.00062  6.2 104
84. 5x  6 x   5  6  x
7 2 7  2
 96. 0.38  3.8  101
30
 30 x 5  97. 3.8  3.8  100
x5
85.
x 4  x 2

x  
4  2

x2
98.  6 10 1.5 10   6 1.5 10
3 6 3 6
x 6 x 6 x 6  9  103
 x    x8
2  6
2  102
99.  0.5 102 3  0.5  105
3 y  4 103
4
34 y  
3 3 4
81y12
86.    5 101 105
y10 y10 y10
 5.0  104
 81y12 10  81y 2
 4 10   42  10    16  104
2 2 2
2
y 7 y 7 7 12 19 1 100.
87.  y y 
 
3
y4 y12 y19  1.6  101 104  1.6  1014
 1.6  103
2x   
3 3
1
88.  23 x 1  2 3 x 3
101. 53.6  109  5.36  101  109  5.36  1010
3 3
x x
 
2 3 8 102. 307  106  3.07  102  106  3.07  108
 x7 
2 5.36  1010
   1.75  102  $175
2 1 103.
89.    x3  x 6  3.06  108
 x4  x6
 
y 
4
3
y12 12 8 
90.  y  y 20
y 
4 8
2 y

Chapter 5 Test
1. 9 x  6 x 2  4 is a trinomial of degree 2.
2.  7 x  3x  5x  11   6x  2 x  4 x  13
3 2 3 2
  7 x  6 x    3x  2 x    5 x  4 x    11  13
3 3 2 2
 13x3  x 2  x  24
3. 9x  6 x  11x  4   4 x  8x  13x  5

3 2 3 2
  9 x  6 x  11x  4    4 x  8 x  13 x  5 
3 2 3 2
  9 x  4 x    6 x  8 x    11x  13 x    4  5
3 3 2 2
 5 x3  2 x 2  2 x  9
4.
x y  x2  3 ( x, y )
3 y  (3)  3  6
2
 3, 6 
2 y  (2) 2  3  1  2,1
1 y  (1) 2  3  2  1, 2 
0 y  (0) 2  3  3  0, 3
1 y  (1)2  3  2 1, 2 
2 y  (2) 2  3  1  2,1
3 y  (3)2  3  6  3, 6 
5.  7 x 5x    7  5  x   35x
3 8 38 11

6. 6 x 2 8 x3  5 x  2 
 
 6 x 2 8 x3  6 x 2  5 x   6 x 2  2 
 48 x5  30 x3  12 x 2

Introductory and Intermediate Algebra for College Students 4E Chapter 5 Test
7.  3x  2   x 2  4 x  3 16.
25 x16

25 x16
  5 x16 4
4 5 x4
   
5x
 3x x2  4 x  3  2 x 2  4 x  3
 5 x12
 3 x3  12 x 2  9 x  2 x 2  8 x  6 Check by multiplication:
 3 x3  10 x 2  17 x  6  
5 x 4 5 x12  25 x 4 12  25 x16
8.  3 y  7  2 y  9  17.
15 x 4  10 x3  25 x 2
 6 y 2  14 y  27 y  63 5x
15 x 4 10 x3 25 x 2
 6 y 2  13 y  63   
5x 5x 5x
9.  7 x  5 7 x  5   7 x 2  52  3 x3  2 x 2  5 x
Check by multiplication:
 49 x 2  25

5 x 3x3  2 x 2  5 x 
 x  3   x       
2 2
10. 2 2
 2 x 2  3  32  5 x 3 x 3  5 x 2 x 2  5 x  5 x 
 x4  6 x2  9  15 x 4  10 x3  25 x 2
11.  5x  32   5x 2  2  5 x  3  32 x2  2 x  3
18. 2 x  1 2 x  3x 2  4 x  4
3
 25 x 2  30 x  9
2 x3  x 2
12. 4 x y  5 xy  6 x
2
 4 x2  4 x
 4  2   3  5  2  3  6  2 
2
4 x 2  2 x
 4  4  3  5  2  3  6  2 
6x  4
 48  30  12  30
6x  3
8x y  xy  2 y    6 x y  4 xy  10 y 
2 3 2 2 3 2 1
13.
2 x3  3 x 2  4 x  4 1
  8 x y  xy  2 y    6 x y  4 xy  10 y 
2 3 2 2 3 2  x2  2 x  3 
2x 1 2x  1
  8 x y  6 x y     xy  4 xy    2 y  10 y 
Check by multiplication:
 2 x  1  x 2  2 x  3  1
2 3 2 3 2 2
 2 x 2 y3  3xy  12 y 2
  
  2 x x 2  2 x  3  1 x2  2 x  3   1
  
 3a  7b  4a  5b 
14.
  3a  4a    3a  5b    7b  4a    7b  5b 

 2 x3  4 x 2  6 x  x 2  2 x  3  1 
  2x 3
 3x 2  4 x  3  1
 12a 2  15ab  28ab  35b2
 12a 2  13ab  35b2  2 x3  3 x 2  4 x  4
15.  2 x  3 y 2   2 x 2  2  2 x  3 y    3 y 2 19.  3x 4

 11x3  20 x 2  7 x  35   x  5 
 4 x 2  12 xy  9 y 2 5 3 11 20 7 35
15 20 0 35
3 4 0 7 0
 3x 4

 11x3  20 x 2  7 x  35   x  5   3x3  4 x 2  7

1 1 32. A   x  8  x  2 
20. 102  
2 100
10  x 2  2 x  8 x  16
1 3 3
 x 2  10 x  16
21.  1 4  4  64
43
 3 x  x 
3 3
  3 Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1-5)
2 3 2
22.  27 x6
1.  7  5  12  3   7  5  9
3 3
20 x 20 x 4 35
23.    4 x38  4 x 5   35  9 
8 8
5x 5 x x5 9
 3  7 2  9  113   4 2  2 3
24.  7 x 3x   21x
8 2 8  2

21
x6
2.
 16  8   128
3. 14,300   750   14,300  750

2 y   
4 4
3
24 y 3 16 y12
25.    16 y 4  15,050
y8 y8 y8 The difference in elevation between the plane and
the submarine is 15,050 feet.
 5x   
2 2
4
26.  5  2 x 4  5  2 x8 4. 2  x  3  2 x  x  4
x8 x8 2x  6  2x  x  4
 
52 25 4x  6  x  4
3x  6  4
3
 x10  3 x  2
   x 
3 3
27.  5   x105 5
 x  2
  x
3
1
 x 15   2
x15 The solution set is    .
 3
28. 3.7  104  0.00037 x 1 x 1
5.   
5 3 10 2
29. 7, 600, 000  7.6  106 To clear fractions, multiply by the LCD = 30.
 x 1  x 1
30.  4.110 3 10  2 5 30     30   
 5 3  10 2 
  4.1  3 10 10  2 5  x 1  x  1
30    30    30    30  
5 3  10  2
 12.3 103 6 x  10  3x  15
 1.23 102 3x  10  15
3x  5
8.4  106 8.4 106 5
31. 2
  x
4  10 4 102 3
 2.1 10  
6 2  5
The solution set is    .
 3
 2.1 108

Introductory and Intermediate Algebra for College Students 4E Cumulative Review
6. Let x  width of sign.

Then 3x  2  length of sign.
2 x  2  3x  2   28
2 x  6 x  4  28
8 x  4  28
8 x  32
x4
3 x  2  3  4   2  10
The length of the sign is 10 feet and the width is 4 feet, so the dimensions are 10 feet by 4 feet.
7. 7  8 x  6 x  5
7  8 x  6 x  6 x  5  6 x
2 x  7  5
2 x  7  7  5  7
2 x  12
2 x 

2 
x6
 6,  
8. Principal  Rate = Interest

12% Investment x 0.12 0.12 x
14% Investment y 0.14 0.14y
Since the total investment is $6000, the first equation is x  y  6000.
Since the total interest is $6000, the second equation is 0.12 x  0.14 y  772.
 x  y  6000
System of equations: 
0.12 x  0.14 y  772
Solve the first equation for y and substitute into the second equation.
x  y  6000
y  6000  x
y
 
Solve for x. 0.12 x  0.14 (6000  x)  772
0.12 x  840  0.14 x  772
0.02 x  840  772
0.02 x  68
0.02 x 68

0.02 0.02
x  3400
x  y  6000
3400  y  6000
y  2600
$3400 should be invested at 12% and $2600 should be invested at 14%.

9. Number of Liters  Percent Antifreeze = Amount of Antifreeze

70% Antifreeze Solution x 0.70 0.70 x
30% Antifreeze Solution y 0.30 0.30 y
60% Antifreeze Solution 20 0.60 0.60(20)
Since there are 20 total liters, the first equation is x  y  20.
Since the total amount of antifreeze is 0.60(20) , the second equation is 0.70 x  0.30 y  0.60(20).
 x  y  50
System of equations: 
0.70 0.30 y  0.60(20)
x 
Solve the first equation for y and substitute into the second equation.
x  y  20
y  20  x
y
 
Solve for x. 0.70 x  0.30 (20  x)  0.60(20)
0.70 x  6  0.30 x  12
0.40 x  6  12
0.40 x  6
0.40 x 6

0.40 0.40
x  15
x  y  20
15  y  20
y 5
15 liters of 70% antifreeze solution and 5 liters of 30% antifreeze solution should be used.
2
10. y   x2
5
2 2
slope =   ; y-intercept = 2
5 5
Plot (0,2). Move 2 units down (since −2 is negative) and 5 units to the right to reach the point (5,0).
Draw a line through (0,2) and (5,0).

Introductory and Intermediate Algebra for College Students 4E Cumulative Review
11. x  2 y  4 16. Let y = total charge.

x-intercept: 4 Let x = # of minutes.
y-intercept: −2 Plan A: y  0.05 x  15
checkpoint: (−2, −3) Plan B: y  0.07 x  5
To find when the plans are the same, substitute the
second equation into the first equation:
0.07 x  5  0.05 x  15
0.02 x  5  15
0.02 x  10
x  500
Back-substitute to find y:
y  y1 4  2 6 6 y  0.07 x  5  0.07  500   5  40
12. m  2   
x2  x1 2   3 5 5 The plans will be the same for 500 minutes at $40 a
Because the slope is negative, the line is falling. plan.
13. y   1  2  x  3 17. 0.0024  2.4  103

y  1  2  x  3 point-slope form
y  1  2 x  6
18.  9 x  3 x  2 x  7    6 x  3x  7 x  9 
5 3 5 3
y  2 x  5 slope-intercept form   9 x  3 x  2 x  7    6 x  3 x  7 x  9 
5 3 5 3
  9 x  6 x    3 x  3x    2 x  7 x    7  9 
14. 3x  2 y  10 5 5 3 3
4 x  3 y  15
Multiply the first equation by 3 and the second  3 x5  6 x 3  9 x  2
equation by 2:
9 x  6 y  30 x2  2 x  3
8 x  6 y  30 19. x  1 x  3x 2  5 x  3
3
17 x  0
x3  x 2
x 0
Back-substitute x  0 to find y: 2x2  5x
3  0   2 y  10 2x2  2 x
2 y  10 3x  3
y5 3x  3
The solution set is (0,5) . 0
15. 2 x  3 y  6 x3  3 x 2  5 x  3
 x2  2 x  3
y  3 x  13 x 1
Substitute the second equation in for y in the first
 3x   
4 4
2
equation: 34 x 2 81x8
2 x  3 y  6 20.  
x10 x10 x10
2 x  3  3x  13  6
81
2 x  9 x  39  6  81x810  81x 2  2
x
11x  39  6
11x  33
x3
Back-substitute x  3 to find y:
y  3 x  13  3  3  13  4
The solution set is (3, 4) .

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
CHAPTER VII
STEAM JET CONVEYORS
A method of removing ashes from boiler furnaces which has been

developed extensively in America is essentially a pneumatic system,
although steam is the conveying medium instead of moving air.
Steam is used because the apparatus is always in use on boiler
plants, from which steam can be taken as conveying medium. No air
compressor or other special plant is required. On the other hand, the
simple use of a connection from the steam main is a matter of very
little importance, and no check is ever made as to the amount of
steam so used, hence 99 per cent. of the users consider that the
steam jet costs practically nothing for “power” compared with a
compressor which would have a certain sized motor connected, and
could not escape attention as an additional power consumer.
Steam Consumption. Investigation into the actual consumption of
steam jets would often give very startling results, especially after the
plant had been in operation for some time and the nozzles had
begun to cut and wear. As proof of the waste of steam possible in
such a plant, it is interesting to note that Mr. David Brownlie, in a
paper on Automatic Stokers,[1] gave results of actual tests made on
steam jets as used in certain classes of stokers in which steam jets
are allowed to blow down the hollow furnace bars. These tests
showed that, whereas the makers estimated the steam consumption
of the jets to be about 2 per cent. of the boiler output, the tests on 80
plants showed a consumption varying from 0·5 per cent. up to as
much as 21·4 per cent. of the total output of boiler.
As further evidence of the waste of steam that can occur due to
neglect of the cutting effect on the nozzles, one American firm has
designed an ingenious warning or “tell-tale.” A small hole is drilled
almost, but not quite, through the nozzle. While the nozzle retains its
initial shape and size the apparatus acts normally, but as soon as the
small amount of metal covering the end of the hole has worn away,
the hole is exposed, and a certain amount of steam passes through
it to a steam whistle which blows continuously until a new nozzle has
been inserted in place of the one which is now worn so much as to
make it uneconomical in steam consumption.
Provided that means are taken to prevent waste of steam due to
worn nozzles, the steam jet conveyor is very serviceable and, being
flexible and convenient, it is very useful for the purpose for which it
has been developed.
The following estimated steam consumptions are given for what
they are worth; they are of comparative value in relation with the
power consumption on the “suction” scheme: One firm claims, in an
actual proposal for a plant to be erected in this country, a
consumption of 30 lbs. of steam per min. to deal with 150 lbs. of
ashes per min., or 4 tons per hr. This is approximately equivalent to
72 electrical h.p. for dealing with 4 tons of ashes per hr. A second
firm states that a steam jet plant dealing with 12 tons per hr. will
require 3,466 lbs. of steam per hr. at 130 lbs. pressure: this, if
passed into a modern steam driven generator, would produce over
130 h.p. hours. These figures indicate how variable are the
estimates of power required. Note.—The “suction” schemes for
wheat actually work out at slightly more than 1 h.p. per ton per hr. in
single-nozzle plants, and 1½ h.p. per ton per hr. in twin nozzle
plants.
Lay-out of Plant. The plant is usually designed on the following
lines: Immediately under the ash hoppers are funnel-shaped tee-
pieces fitted to a cast iron pipe laid on the floor, or preferably in a
small trench just below the ground level. These funnel inlets are
usually covered with a cap when not in use, a tight joint being
established by the “suction” in the pipe line. When used on
Lancashire boilers having no ash basement the ashes are raked
from under the furnaces on to the floor, and swept into the inlets
mentioned (see Fig. 25). Large pieces of clinker are broken by hand
until they enter the intake pipe, when they are immediately conveyed
through the rest of the system.
Fig. 25.—Brady Steam Jet Ash Conveyor.
In all large boiler houses with a proper ash basement it is usual to

have a travelling clinker breaker, motor driven, which can be moved
on light rails under each ash hopper and over each intake. The
breaker receives all the ashes when released by the hopper valve,
crushes them to a suitable size and discharges them by gravity over
the intake funnels, whence they are transported to the ash tank or
hopper.
The method of creating the moving air currents is by passing
steam through specially designed nozzles which are placed at the
extreme end of the intake pipe, and force the air out of the pipe, thus
inducing a stream of air to enter at the intake openings, and carry
forward the ashes which have been fed into the pipe with the air.
When the underground pipe has to rise vertically to cross roads, etc.,
or to reach an overhead tank, it is usually found necessary to insert
“booster” jets to impart additional velocity to the ashes, which are
naturally retarded seriously in changing their direction at the bend or
elbow. Should circumstances necessitate many bends being
employed in the pipe line the number of “booster” jets has to be
increased, and the total cost of steam for operation is increased
seriously.
The capacity of the conveyor depends upon the volume of air
passed through the pipe in a given time, and the ashes must not be
slacked before handling, but must be handled either straight from the
furnaces or allowed to cool and then conveyed to the ash hopper.
An 8 in. pipe is the largest used, and this will handle approximately
8 tons of ash per hour. Any increase over this size of pipe
necessitates a consumption of steam which makes the scheme
impracticable.
The conveyor pipe may be run at any angle, elevation or level, and
therefore is not handicapped by the rigid straight line, point-to-point,
requirements of bucket elevators, skips, etc.
The abrasive action of ashes is well known, and when they are
travelling at the high speed necessary with this form of conveyor
they cause considerable wear at the bends and elbows in the pipe
line. To overcome this a special mixture of iron has been obtained,
which is extremely hard and wear-resisting. Steel is quite unsuitable
and ordinary cast iron is too soft for these conditions.
Steam Jets. The James Brady Foundry Co. (Chicago, U.S.A.)
state, in their Bulletin on this subject, that the special steam jet
elbows are usually placed at the top and bottom of a vertical riser.
The jet of steam from the nozzle enters the elbow directly in front of,
and parallel to, the face of a special wearing liner. This prevents or
reduces the wear on the liners, as the jet protects the liners from the
pounding action of the ash. A renewable sectional liner is provided of
specially hard metal at all points in which the material makes actual
contact with the pipe or fittings. These liners are interchangeable in
all elbows, and each individual liner can be turned end for end when
affected by wear.
In cases where the length of horizontal run exceeds 125 ft. it is
necessary to supplement the primary nozzles by “booster” steam jets
to maintain the velocity of the air current.
Buffer Boxes. At the discharge end of the pipe line it is necessary
to insert a baffle or buffer box to take the impact of the ashes, and
thus prevent wear on certain parts that are not designed to stand up
to the destructive effects of the impact. The function of the box is to
bring the ashes to rest, so that they may fall by gravity into the ash
tank or on to the storage pile. When delivering into a tank it is very
essential to install a buffer box, as otherwise the velocity with which
the ashes enter the tank will pack them so tightly that they will not
discharge automatically through the valve or gate. The location of
the ash hopper can be wherever most convenient for loading the
vans, railway trucks, or barges, etc., but preference should be given
to a site which makes possible a pipe run with a minimum number of
bends.
One American firm of engineers, the Vacuum Ash and Soot
Conveyor Co., New York, have done away with the numerous steam
jets and the blowing effect produced thereby, and rely entirely on
suction by using a sealed ash tank and exhausting the container and
pipe system by means of a single steam jet injector built into the roof
of the ash tank, and discharging its steam directly into the air.
By this means it is claimed that the following advantages are
obtained: (1) No sand-blast effect, such as is inevitable when
blowing at high velocity. (2) No steam enters the ash tank and
consequently there are no condensation troubles. (3) Much less dust
is blown into the atmosphere as the steam is never in contact with
the dust. (4) Conveyor pipes are cleaner since no steam enters
them, as in “blowing,” and there is therefore no condensation, caking
and corrosion.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Inst. Mechanical Engineers Journal, March, 1920, p. 291.
CHAPTER VIII
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS OF PNEUMATIC
CONVEYING
Pneumatic Despatch Tubes. The ordinary pneumatic conveyor

picks up material at one point and unloads it at another and
continues this course consistently, whereas the “pneumatic despatch
tube” is a conveyor of small articles enclosed in a special cartridge
which is built to fit the tube and which travels to and fro as required,
carrying a variety of articles, or if necessary, the same articles,
backwards and forwards between the same two stations or a series
of fixed stations.
The despatch tube thus constitutes an effective “mechanical
messenger.” One or more tubes are run between the points to be
connected, with a despatch and receiving terminal at each end, or if
necessary, a single line to operate in both directions can be
designed. The tubes vary from 1½ ins. to 4 ins. diameter, and they
are also made of oval sections up to 4 ins. × 7 ins.; rectangular tubes
have been installed in special installations, chiefly in telephone
exchanges for convenience in dealing with certain cards there
employed.
Tubes. The tubes are of lead and are usually encased for
protection against mechanical damage, and the erection is carried
out with great care so as to preserve the smooth interior. Joints
occur at intervals of 28 ft. or less, and are “wiped” with an ordinary
plumber’s joint over an internal mandril which is heated previous to
insertion in the tube. Air-tight joints and smooth interiors are
absolutely essential to a successful installation.
Carriers. The carriers or cartridges in which the material to be
transmitted is placed are made of gutta-percha covered at the ends
with felt. One end of the container is closed and the other end is left
open, but a “skirt” of felt surrounds the open end, and, as this is the
“trailing” end and the air pressure is behind it, the air forces open the
“skirt,” making a tight fit and preventing leakage of air past the
carrier. The nose of the carrier is usually fitted with a felt “buffer”
which also assists in making an air-tight fit. A carrier for a 2½ in. tube
is 6¾ ins. long and weighs empty about 3 ozs. Fig. 26 shows a large
carrier.
Methods of Working. Pneumatic tubes are worked either by air
above atmospheric pressure or by reducing the pressure below
atmospheric. In the pressure system the usual pressure is about 10
lbs. per sq. in. above atmospheric pressure, whilst in the suction
system the vacuum employed is equivalent to about 6½ lbs. per sq.
in.
Fig. 26.—Typical Lamson Intercommunication Carrier.
Also, the method of working may be either “continuous” or

“intermittent”; in the first system the air, either above or below
atmospheric pressure, is circulating continuously and the cartridge or
carrier is inserted into a stream of air already in circulation, whilst in
the “intermittent” system the power, either pressure or suction, is
admitted to the conveyor tube only after the carrier has been
inserted, and it is again cut off when the carrier reaches the end of
its journey.
To a great extent the success of a pneumatic tube system is the
speed at which it can transmit the message sent by this means. In
the “continuous” system, working above atmospheric pressure, the
speed is not so great as in the “intermittent” scheme, because the
pressure in the tube is the same in front of and behind the carrier,
which has to displace the air in front of it. In the “intermittent” system
the pressure is turned on after the carrier is in place, and the
advancing carrier has only to move the air at atmospheric pressure.
On the other hand, if suction is employed, the “intermittent” system is
slower than the “continuous” system because the air has to be
exhausted to a certain point before the carrier begins to travel. It is
true that it will begin to move as soon as the difference in pressure
amounts to a few ounces, but there is a distinct “time lag” compared
with inserting the cartridge into a tube continuously exhausted when
it starts off at practically full pressure and speed immediately.
The difference in time is stated by Kemp to be 3 per cent. longer
with “continuous” pressure, compared with “intermittent” pressure at
6 lbs. per sq. in.; the difference increasing to 6 per cent. when the
pressure is raised to 14 lbs. per sq. in. The average working speed
of these tubes is from 25 to 30 miles per hour.
Power Required for Operation. It is difficult to determine the
actual amount of power necessary to carry a cartridge through a
tube. Kemp’s Engineer’s Year Book states that, working at the
standard pressure of 10 lbs. per sq. in., the power required is
theoretically 3·35 h.p. for a 2½ in. tube, 1 mile long, but actual
experience suggests that at least 50 per cent. should be added to
allow for losses from various causes, making the actual power, say,
5 h.p. per 2½ in. tube per mile.
Pressure receivers or tanks are inserted between the pump and
the travelling tube to compensate for the impulses due to the
irregularity of the pumps and also to act as reservoirs furnishing
additional power during periods of abnormal working.
The vacuum system takes less power (for a definite time of
transmission) than is required by the pressure method of working,
but local conditions always influence results considerably, and it is
inadvisable to give any definite figure as to the power required,
without actual knowledge of the system and conditions involved.
The air compressors are usually driven electrically, but they can, of
course, be operated by any other prime mover such as oil, gas, or
steam engines. It is economical to combine the pressure and suction
systems by arranging the air compressor to draw air from the
vacuum receiver into the compressor cylinders whence it is returned
to the pressure line.
Automatic valves keep the pressures in the pressure and vacuum
sides of the system within pre-determined limits. “Make up” air is
admitted by the automatic opening of an atmospheric valve when the
pressure side of the system is low and the vacuum side high, so that
the pump is deprived of sufficient air to operate the system efficiently.
Should the conditions become reversed, that is, a low vacuum and a
high pressure, then the pump is working against a high back
pressure, and this is reduced by the opening of an atmospheric relief
valve which remains open until the vacuum is restored to normal
pressure. This system is preferable to and more economical than the
use of two separate pumping and exhausting machines.
Elaborate and valuable tables of horse-power required by
compressors and of “transit times” for distances up to 4,500 yds. with
1½ in., 2¼ in., and 3 in. tubes are given in Kemp’s Engineer’s Year
Book.
The Lamson Tube Co., Ltd., have brought what was originally
invented as a means of conveying persons to a practical business
accessory, capable of saving a great amount of time by despatching
sketches, papers, small articles, money, etc., here, there, and
everywhere at the rate of 30 miles an hour.
The utility of these plants has long been recognised by banking
establishments, the General Post Office, large stores, factories,
newspaper publishing offices, etc. (see Figs. 27 and 28).
In addition to the conveyance of messages and papers, they are
frequently installed to convey money and bills from the numerous
departments of a large store to the cashiers, thus saving time and
effecting economy in labour and floor space. One cashier can attend
to from 10 to 15 stations, or in small establishments all the stations
can be centralized around the book-keeper.
The installation of a power-driven plant is not essential, providing
that the service required is not too great. A foot power pneumatic
service is available and it is in use in many business establishments.
In this system the methods of transportation are similar to those in a
power plant, but the tubes are brought to a special cabinet 15 ins.
square by 2 ft. 6 ins. high, in which is mounted a foot-operated pump
of patented design without bellows or cords. The pump is operated
as and when the service is required, and there is no loss of any
description when the apparatus is not in use.
Pneumatic Tubes for Heavy Articles. It is interesting to recall,
especially in view of the proposed use of pneumatically-propelled
parcel-conveying trains by the G.P.O. in London, the proposal made
by Mr. Medhurst, in 1810, when it was suggested that a carriage
somewhat similar to the modern railway carriage should be moved
through a tunnel by pneumatic means. So long ago as 1667, Denin
Papin read before the Royal Society a paper entitled “A Double
Pneumatic Pump,” and definite mention of despatch tubes was made
in this paper.
Fig. 27.—Tube Central in Wholesale Drug House,
Distributing Orders to all Departments.
Fig. 28.—Lamson Distributing Station in well-known
Publishing House.
In 1840 a pneumatic railway was actually built and worked
between London and Croydon, and in view of its success was
followed by others between Dalkey and Kingstown and between
Exeter and Plymouth. From this it will be seen that transportation by
pneumatic means is not modern in its application, and was originally
intended for very large tubes and weights, but modern development
has been toward small tubes and light weights.
The Vacuum Cleaner. The pneumatic transporting of material in
the form of dust has been brought to a very high state of perfection
during recent years and an enormous number of plants is now in
use, ranging from the hand-propelled machine to very large
stationary equipments.
Certain hand-propelled machines have been constructed in such a
way that the fan is directly operated by gearing from the running
wheels, and after a few moments a very considerable speed is
attained and the suction of the fan is used for lifting the dust from the
surface over which the apparatus is travelling.
Numerous designs of more powerful machines actuated by hand
bellows have been placed on the market and these possess the
advantage that they are independent of the use of power; but it is not
altogether easy to operate a machine by one hand and to manipulate
the nozzle with the other.
Electrically driven machines of almost numberless designs are
available. These usually employ a high speed fan of the single-stage
type, but a piston pump is embodied in some designs.
In the removal of dust the same principle applies as in the
conveying of heavier materials, i.e. it is not so imperative to obtain a
high vacuum as it is to have a large volume of air moving at high
velocity, hence the multi-stage turbine machine has distinct
advantages as regards weight of material moved and economy of
power.
The multi-stage exhauster consists of turbine wheels mounted on
a single shaft, the air being drawn into the first wheel, from this to the
second wheel and so on right through the machine, each wheel
increasing the suction on the intake end according to the total
number of wheels or stages. This style of machine is procurable in
either the stationary or portable type, and in both it is made in
various sizes, the portable machines ranging from 1/12 h.p. up to ½
h.p. for domestic purposes, and from 1½ to 3 h.p. on trucks for
cleaning electrical machinery, railway carriages, etc. Figs. 29 and 30
illustrate typical stationary and portable plants respectively.
Fig. 29.—Stationary Turbo-Exhauster with Dust Separator.

Fig. 30.—Portable Turbo-Exhauster Driven by 1½ h.p. d.c.
Motor.
It is not generally recognized what enormous amounts of dust and

dirt may be extracted by these machines. From one London hotel a
½ h.p. cleaner removed 166 lbs. of dust from the carpets of the
public rooms only. On a cleaning test in a first class dining car on
one of the English railways 25 lbs. of dust was removed from 38 sq.
yds. of carpet. A rug in front of a lift in a London stores yielded 91
lbs. 1 oz. of dirt to a small machine.
The stationary plants are usually installed in the basements of
large office buildings, theatres, hotels, clubs, etc., and the whole
building is piped suitably, wall plugs or connectors being fitted to
which the staff make connection by flexible hose as and when
required. The free end of the flexible hose is fitted with one or other
of a series of special nozzles, the latter being adapted to the varying
requirements of everything in the room from floor to ceiling.
With the portable hand sets or even with the larger truck type, the
design is complete as a working unit; the equipment is used as
manufactured and there is little or no chance for the user to
endanger the working efficiency of the plant. In permanent plants,
however, as installed in hotels, etc., it is necessary that all points
previously mentioned regarding pipe lines, valves, junctions, bends,
etc., should be considered and acted upon.
The pipe lines should be too large rather than restricted in any
way, the suction flexible should be kept as short as possible, and if
necessary extra connections should be allowed rather than require
flexibles too long for use without “kinking.”
Fig. 31.—Suction Cleaning for Railway Carriage Cushions.
Fig. 32.—Sturtevant Equipment for Office Cleaning.
Fig. 31 illustrates a stationary suction cleaning plant applied to

cleaning railway carriage cushions, and Fig. 32 shows a similar
installation in use in an office building.
Cleaning by Air Blast. By transferring the hose from the suction
side to the discharge, a suction cleaner may be used to blow dust
from machinery of all kinds and from places that are high up and
cannot be cleaned economically by suction. For cleaning electric
generators and motors by blast, these machines have many
advantages, and on account of the large volume of air handled they
are much to be preferred to the small-volume high pressure jet of the
ordinary air compressor often used for this purpose. With the
portable turbo-blower there is no danger of damage to the insulation
through high pressure, or through the carrying of moisture and oil
into the windings with the air jet.

Instant Download PDF Introductory and Intermediate Algebra For College Students 4th Edition Blitzer Solutions Manual Full Chapter

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Instant Download PDF Introductory and Intermediate Algebra For College Students 4th Edition Blitzer Solutions Manual Full Chapter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introductory and Intermediate Algebra

for College Students 4th Edition Blitzer

Introductory and Intermediate Algebra for College

Introductory and Intermediate Algebra for College

Introductory and Intermediate Algebra for College

Introductory Algebra for College Students 7th Edition

Intermediate Algebra for College Students 7th Edition

Introductory Algebra for College Students 7th Edition

Introductory Algebra for College Students 6th Edition

Intermediate Algebra for College Students 7th Edition

5.1 Check Points 6. Make a table of values.

5.1 Exercise Set

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 215

8. 9 is a monomial. Because it is a nonzero constant, its degree is 0.

10. x 2  9 x  2 is a trinomial of degree 2.

12. 3 y 2  14 y 5  6 is a trinomial of degree 5.

14. 9 x  5 x3 is a binomial of degree 3.

16. 11y 26 is a monomial of degree 26.

216 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

 0.02 x5  2 x 4  0.2 x3  0.2 x  0.55

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 217

To add, rewrite using common denominators for

54. 7.9 x3  6.8 x 2  3.3   2 n  n  6    2 n  n  8 

218 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

80. 3x5  5 x3  6 0.02 x3  0.03x 2  1.05 x

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 219

90. Table of values: 94. Table of values:

92. Table of values:

220 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

b. M  W  35 x3  1373x 2  15,995 x  63,210

c. 57, 220  41, 681  15, 539

106. a. W  255 x 2  2956 x  24,336

108. – 112. Answers will vary.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 221

114. does not make sense; Explanations will vary. 130. x( x  2)  3( x  2)  x 2  2 x  3x  6  x 2  5 x  6

116. makes sense

222 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

28. 10 x   3x 2   10  3  x  x2 

34. 3x   2 x  5x 

5.2 Exercise Set   3  2  5   x  x  x 

2. x12  x 4  x12  4  x16  30 x316  30 x10

4. y  y19  y119  y 20 36. 6 x  x  5   6 x  x  6 x  5

8. 87  810  87 10  817 38. x  x  7   x  x  x  7

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 223

224 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 225

 2 x 2  12 x  8 104. a. The length of the larger rectangle is 2 x  3 and

118. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.

226 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

d. Based on the pattern above,

123.  8x    14 xy

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 227

129. a. ( x  3)2  ( x  3)( x  3) c. Since this product is of the form ( A  B)( A  B ) ,

b. Since this product is of the form ( A  B)( A  B ) ,

228 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

5.3 Concept and Vocabulary Check 18.  7 x  23x  5

1. 2 x 2 ; 3x; 10x; 15  21x 4  35 x 2  6 x 2  10

2. A2  B 2 ; minus  21x 4  41x 2  10

3. A2  2 AB  B 2 ; squared; product of the terms; 20.  4 x  3 2  x   8 x  4 x 2  6  3x

6. false 24.  7 x  5 x

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 229

230 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

88. Area of outer rectangle: 102. Aframe  Atotal  Apainting