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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Solve the problem.

1) Which statement best describes a parameter?
A) A parameter is a sample size that guarantees the error in estimation is within acceptable limits.
B) A parameter is a level of confidence associated with an interval about a sample mean or proportion.
C) A parameter is a numerical measure of a population that is almost always unknown and must be
estimated.
D) A parameter is an unbiased estimate of a statistic found by experimentation or polling.
Answer: C
2) A study was conducted to determine what proportion of all college students considered themselves as full-time
students. A random sample of 300 college students was selected and 210 of the students responded that they
considered themselves full-time students. Which of the following would represent the target parameter of
interest?
A) p B) μ
Answer: A
3) Parking at a large university can be extremely difficult at times. One particular university is trying to determine
the location of a new parking garage. As part of their research, officials are interested in estimating the average
parking time of students from within the various colleges on campus. Which of the following would represent
the target parameter of interest?
A) μ B) p
Answer: A
Answer the question True or False.

4) For data with two outcomes (success or failure), the binomial proportion of successes is likely to be the
parameter of interest.
A) True B) False
Answer: A
5) For quantitative data, the target parameter is most likely to be the mode of the data.
A) True B) False
Answer: B
Solve the problem.

6) What is zα/2 when α = 0.06?
A) 1.645 B) 2.33 C) 1.96 D) 1.88
Answer: D
7) What is the confidence level of the following confidence interval for μ?

σ
x ± 1.645
n
A) 165% B) 95% C) 90% D) 98%
Answer: C
1
8) The registrar's office at State University would like to determine a 95% confidence interval for the mean
commute time of its students. A member of the staff randomly chooses a parking lot and surveys the first 200
students who park in the chosen lot on a given day. The confidence interval is
A) meaningful because the sample size exceeds 30 and the Central Limit Theorem ensures normality of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean.
B) not meaningful because of the lack of random sampling.
C) meaningful because the sample is representative of the population.
D) not meaningful because the sampling distribution of the sample mean is not normal.
Answer: B
9) A 90% confidence interval for the mean percentage of airline reservations being canceled on the day of the flight
is (1.5%, 4.2%). What is the point estimator of the mean percentage of reservations that are canceled on the day
of the flight?
A) 1.35% B) 2.85% C) 2.10% D) 2.7%
Answer: B
10) A 90% confidence interval for the average salary of all CEOs in the electronics industry was constructed using
the results of a random survey of 45 CEOs. The interval was ($100,951, $115,349). To make more useful
inferences from the data, it is desired to reduce the width of the confidence interval. Which of the following will
result in a reduced interval width?
A) Increase the sample size and decrease the confidence level.
B) Decrease the sample size and increase the confidence level.
C) Increase the sample size and increase the confidence level.
D) Decrease the sample size and decrease the confidence level.
Answer: A
11) Suppose a large labor union wishes to estimate the mean number of hours per month a union member is absent
from work. The union decides to sample 496 of its members at random and monitor the working time of each of
them for 1 month. At the end of the month, the total number of hours absent from work is recorded for each
employee. Which of the following should be used to estimate the parameter of interest for this problem?
A) A large sample confidence interval for μ. B) A small sample confidence interval for μ.
C) A small sample confidence interval for p. D) A large sample confidence interval for p.
Answer: A
12) Explain what the phrase 95% confident means when we interpret a 95% confidence interval for μ.
A) In repeated sampling, 95% of similarly constructed intervals contain the value of the population mean.
B) 95% of the observations in the population fall within the bounds of the calculated interval.
C) The probability that the sample mean falls in the calculated interval is 0.95.
D) 95% of similarly constructed intervals would contain the value of the sampled mean.
Answer: A
2
parking time of students from within the various colleges on campus. A survey of 338 College of Business
(COBA) students yields the following descriptive information regarding the length of time (in minutes) it took
them to find a parking spot. Note that the "Lo 95%" and "Up 95%" refer to the endpoints of the desired
confidence interval.
Variable N Lo 95% CI Mean Up 95% CI SD

Parking Time 338 9.1944 10.466 11.738 11.885
University officials have determined that the confidence interval would be more useful if the interval were
narrower. Which of the following changes in the confidence level would result in a narrower interval?
A) The university could increase their confidence level.
B) The university could decrease their confidence level.
Answer: B
14) A retired statistician was interested in determining the average cost of a $200,000.00 term life insurance policy
for a 60-year-old male non-smoker. He randomly sampled 65 subjects (60-year-old male non-smokers) and
constructed the following 95 percent confidence interval for the mean cost of the term life insurance: ($850.00,
$1050.00). What value of alpha was used to create this confidence interval?
A) 0.025 B) 0.05 C) 0.01 D) 0.10
Answer: B
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
15) Suppose (1,000, 2,100) is a 95% confidence interval for μ. To make more useful inferences from the data, it is
desired to reduce the width of the confidence interval. Explain why an increase in sample size will lead to a
narrower interval of the estimate of μ.
Answer: An increase in the sample size reduces the sampling variation of the point estimate as it is calculated as
σ/ n. The larger the sample size, the smaller this variation which leads to narrower intervals.

16) One way of reducing the width of a confidence interval is to reduce the confidence level.
A) True B) False
Answer: A
17) The Central Limit Theorem guarantees an approximately normal sampling distribution for the sample mean for
large sample sizes, so no knowledge about the distribution of the population is necessary for the corresponding
interval to be valid.
A) True B) False
Answer: A
18) Since the population standard deviation σ is almost always known, we use it instead of the sample standard
deviation s when finding a confidence interval.
A) True B) False
Answer: B
3
19) The confidence coefficient is the relative frequency with which the interval estimator encloses the population
parameter when the estimator is used repeatedly a very large number of times.
A) True B) False
Answer: A
20) The confidence level is the confidence coefficient expressed as a percentage.

A) True B) False
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

21) What is the confidence coefficient in a 95% confidence interval for μ?
A) .05 B) .475 C) .025 D) .95
Answer: D
22) Which information is not shown on the screen below?
A) the confidence level B) the sample standard deviation

C) the sample size D) the sample mean
Answer: A
23) Find z α/2 for the given value of α.

α = 0.01
A) 0.19 B) 2.05 C) 2.33 D) 2.575
Answer: D
24) Determine the confidence level for the given confidence interval for μ.
σ
x ± 1.00
n
A) 15.87% B) 84.13% C) 31.74% D) 68.26%
Answer: D
25) A random sample of n measurements was selected from a population with unknown mean μ and known
standard deviation σ. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for μ for the given situation. Round to the nearest
hundredth when necessary.
n = 125, x = 91, σ = 20
A) 91 ± 39.2 B) 91 ± 2.94 C) 91 ± 3.51 D) 91 ± 0.31
Answer: C
4
26) A 90% confidence interval for the average salary of all CEOs in the electronics industry was constructed using
the results of a random survey of 45 CEOs. The interval was ($146,132, $156,381). Give a practical interpretation
of the interval.
A) We are 90% confident that the mean salary of all CEOs in the electronics industry falls in the interval
$146,132 to $156,381.
B) We are 90% confident that the mean salary of the sampled CEOs falls in the interval $146,132 to $156,381.
C) 90% of all CEOs in the electronics industry have salaries that fall between $146,132 to $156,381.
D) 90% of the sampled CEOs have salaries that fell in the interval $146,132 to $156,381.
Answer: A
27) A random sample of 250 students at a university finds that these students take a mean of 15.8 credit hours per
quarter with a standard deviation of 2.3 credit hours. Estimate the mean credit hours taken by a student each
quarter using a 90% confidence interval. Round to the nearest thousandth.
A) 15.8 ± .015 B) 15.8 ± .010 C) 15.8 ± .239 D) 15.8 ± .158
Answer: C
28) A random sample of 250 students at a university finds that these students take a mean of 15.4 credit hours per
quarter with a standard deviation of 1.7 credit hours. The 90% confidence interval for the mean is 15.4 ± 0.177.
Interpret the interval.
A) We are 90% confident that the average number of credit hours per quarter of students at the university
falls in the interval 15.223 to 15.577 hours.
B) The probability that a student takes 15.223 to 15.577 credit hours in a quarter is 0.90.
C) 90% of the students take between 15.223 to 15.577 credit hours per quarter.
D) We are 90% confident that the average number of credit hours per quarter of the sampled students falls in
the interval 15.223 to 15.577 hours.
Answer: A
29) The director of a hospital wishes to estimate the mean number of people who are admitted to the emergency
room during a 24-hour period. The director randomly selects 49 different 24-hour periods and determines the
number of admissions for each. For this sample, x = 15.3 and s2 = 25. Estimate the mean number of admissions
per 24-hour period with a 95% confidence interval.
A) 15.3 ± .200 B) 15.3 ± .679 C) 15.3 ± 7.000 D) 15.3 ± 1.400
Answer: D
30) Suppose a large labor union wishes to estimate the mean number of hours per month a union member is absent
from work. The union decides to sample 426 of its members at random and monitor the working time of each of
them for 1 month. At the end of the month, the total number of hours absent from work is recorded for each
employee. If the mean and standard deviation of the sample are x = 9.5 hours and s = 2.2 hours, find a 99%
confidence interval for the true mean number of hours a union member is absent per month. Round to the
nearest thousandth.
A) 9.5 ± .106 B) 9.5 ± .274 C) 9.5 ± .013 D) 9.5 ± .185
Answer: B
5

Parking Time 338 9.1944 10.466 11.738 11.885
Give a practical interpretation for the 95% confidence interval given above.
A) We are 95% confident that the average parking time of the 338 COBA students surveyed falls between 9.19
and 11.74 minutes.
B) 95% of the COBA students had parking times that fell between 9.19 and 11.74 minutes.
C) 95% of the COBA students had parking times of 10.466 minutes.
D) We are 95% confident that the average parking time of all COBA students falls between 9.19 and 11.74
minutes.
Answer: D

Parking Time 338 9.1944 10.466 11.738 11.885
Explain what the phrase "95% confident" means when working with a 95% confidence interval.
A) In repeated sampling, 95% of the population means will fall within the interval created.
B) In repeated sampling, 95% of the sample means will fall within the interval created.
C) 95% of the observations in the population will fall within the endpoints of the interval.
D) In repeated sampling, 95% of the intervals created will contain the population mean.
Answer: D
$1050.00). State the appropriate interpretation for this confidence interval. Note that all answers begin with "We
are 95 percent confidence that…"
A) The average term life insurance costs for all 60-year-old male non-smokers falls between $850.00 and
$1050.00
B) The average term life insurance cost for sampled 65 subjects falls between $850.00 and $1050.00
C) The term life insurance cost for all 60-year-old male non-smokers' insurance policies falls between
$850.00 and $1050.00
D) The term life insurance cost of the retired statistician's insurance policy falls between $850.00 and $1050.00
Answer: A
6
$1050.00). Explain what the phrase "95 percent confident" means in this situation.
A) In repeated sampling, 95 percent of the intervals constructed would contain the value of the true
population mean.
B) 95 percent of all retired statisticians are underinsured.
C) 95 percent of all the life insurance costs will fall within the specified interval.
D) In repeated sampling, the mean of the population will fall within the specified intervals 95 percent of the
time.
Answer: A
35) How much money does the average professional football fan spend on food at a single football game? That
question was posed to 60 randomly selected football fans. The sampled results show that the sample mean was
$70.00 and prior sampling indicated that the population standard deviation was $17.50. Use this information to
create a 95 percent confidence interval for the population mean.
17.50 17.50 17.50 17.50
A) 70 ± 1.960 B) 70 ± 1.645 C) 70 ± 1.671 D) 70 ± 1.833
60 60 60 60
Answer: A
question was posed to 51 randomly selected football fans. The sample results provided a sample mean and
standard deviation of $11.00 and $3.10, respectively. Find and interpret a 99% confidence interval for μ.
Answer: For confidence coefficient .99, 1 - α ⇒ α = 1 - .99 = .01.
⇒ α/2 = .01/2 = .005 ⇒ z.005 = 2.575. The confidence interval is:
s 3.10
x ± zα/2 = 11.00 ± 2.575 = 11.00 ± 1.118 = ($9.88, $12.12)
n 51
We are 99% confident that the average amount a fan spends on food at a single professional football
game is between $9.88 and $12.12.
37) To help consumers assess the risks they are taking, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) publishes the
amount of nicotine found in all commercial brands of cigarettes. A new cigarette has recently been marketed.
The FDA tests on this cigarette yielded a mean nicotine content of 25.9 milligrams and standard deviation of 2.7
milligrams for a sample of n = 95 cigarettes. Find a 95% confidence interval for μ.
Answer: For confidence coefficient .95, 1 - α = .95 ⇒ α = 1 - .95 = .05.
α/2 = .05/2 = .025. ⇒ zα/2 = z.025 = 1.96. The 95% confidence interval is:
s 2.7
x ± zα/2 = 25.9 ± 1.96 ⇒ 25.9 ± .543 = (25.357, 26.443)
n 95
7
38) The following data represent the scores of a sample of 50 randomly chosen students on a standardized test.
39 48 55 63 66 68 68 69 70 71
71 71 73 74 76 76 76 77 78 79
79 79 79 80 80 82 83 83 83 85
85 86 86 88 88 88 88 89 89 89
90 91 92 92 93 95 96 97 97 99
a. Write a 95% confidence interval for the mean score of all students who took the test.
b. Identify the target parameter and the point estimator.
Answer: a. The sample mean is 79.98 and the sample standard deviation is 12.34.
12.34
The interval is 79.98 ± 1.96 ≈ 79.98 ± 3.42.
50
b. The target parameter is the mean score of all students who took the test, and the point estimator is the
sample mean 79.98.
39) Suppose that 100 samples of size n = 50 are independently chosen from the same population and that each
sample is used to construct its own 95% confidence interval for an unknown population mean μ. How many of
the 100 confidence intervals would you expect to actually contain μ?
Answer: 95% of the 100 samples, or 95, are expected to produce a confidence interval that contains μ.
40) A random sample of n = 100 measurements was selected from a population with unknown mean μ and
standard deviation σ. Calculate a 95% confidence interval if x = 26 and s2 = 16.
s 16
Answer: x ± zα/2 = 26 ± 1.96 = 26 ± .784
n 100
41) A random sample of n = 144 measurements was selected from a population with unknown mean μ and
standard deviation σ. Calculate a 90% confidence interval if x = 3.55 and s = .49.
s .49
Answer: x ± zα/2 = 3.55 ± 1.645 = 3.55 ± .067
n 144
42) A random sample of 80 observations produced a mean x = 35.4 and a standard deviation s = 3.1.
a. Find a 90% confidence interval for the population mean μ.

b. Find a 95% confidence interval for μ.
c. Find a 99% confidence interval for μ.
d. What happens to the width of a confidence interval as the value of the confidence coefficient is increased
while the sample size is held fixed?
s 3.1
Answer: a. x ± zα/2 = 35.4 ± 1.645 = 35.4 ± .57
n 80
s 3.1
b. x ± zα/2 = 35.4 ± 1.96 = 35.4 ± .68
n 80
s 3.1
c. x ± zα/2 = 35.4 ± 2.575 = 35.4 ± .89
n 80
d. increases
8
43) Suppose you selected a random sample of n = 7 measurements from a normal distribution. Compare the
standard normal z value with the corresponding t value for a 90% confidence interval.
Answer: z: 1.645 and t: 1.943; The t value is considerably bigger than the z value.
44) Suppose you selected a random sample of n = 29 measurements from a normal distribution. Compare the
standard normal z value with the corresponding t value for a 95% confidence interval.
Answer: z: 1.96 and t: 2.048; The t value is a little bigger than the z value.
45) An educator wanted to look at the study habits of university students. As part of the research, data was
collected for three variables - the amount of time (in hours per week) spent studying, the amount of time (in
hours per week) spent playing video games and the GPA - for a sample of 20 male university students. As part
of the research, a 95% confidence interval for the average GPA of all male university students was calculated to
be: (2.95, 3.10). Which of the following statements is true?
A) In construction of the confidence interval, a t-value with 19 degrees of freedom was used.
B) In construction of the confidence interval, a z-value was used.
C) In construction of the confidence interval, a z-value with 20 degrees of freedom was used.
D) In construction of the confidence interval, a t-value with 20 degrees of freedom was used.
Answer: A
46) Find the value of t0 such that the following statement is true: P(-t0 ≤ t ≤ t0 ) = .99 where df = 9.
A) 1.833 B) 2.2821 C) 3.250 D) 2.262
Answer: C
A) 1.753 B) 2.947 C) 2.602 D) 2.131
Answer: D
A) 1.345 B) 1.761 C) 2.624 D) 2.145
Answer: B
49) Let t0 be a specific value of t. Find t0 such that the following statement is true:
P(t ≤ t0 ) = .005 where df = 20.
A) -2.845 B) -2.861 C) 2.845 D) 2.861
Answer: A
50) Let t0 be a particular value of t. Find a value of t0 such that P(t ≤ t0 or t ≥ t0 ) = .1 where df = 14.
Answer: t0 = 1.761; Use table for t.050 with 14 degrees of freedom.
51) Let t0 be a particular value of t. Find a value of t0 such that P(t ≤ t0 ) = .005 where df = 9.
Answer: t0 = 3.250; Use table for t.005 with 9 degrees of freedom.
9
52) Private colleges and universities rely on money contributed by individuals and corporations for their operating
expenses. Much of this money is invested in a fund called an endowment, and the college spends only the
interest earned by the fund. A recent survey of eight private colleges in the United States revealed the following
endowments (in millions of dollars): 88.9, 56, 249.3, 497, 124.7, 157.6, 108.9, and 222.8. What value will be used as
the point estimate for the mean endowment of all private colleges in the United States?
A) 1505.2 B) 8 C) 215.029 D) 188.15
Answer: D
53) Fifteen SmartCars were randomly selected and the highway mileage of each was noted. The analysis yielded a
mean of 47 miles per gallon and a standard deviation of 5 miles per gallon. Which of the following would
represent a 90% confidence interval for the average highway mileage of all SmartCars?
5 5 5 5
A) 47 ± 1.645 B) 47 ± 1.761 C) 47 ± 1.345 D) 47 ± 1.753
15 15 15 15
Answer: B
question was posed to ten randomly selected football fans. The sampled results show that the sample mean and
sample standard deviation were $70.00 and $17.50, respectively. Use this information to create a 95 percent
confidence interval for the population mean.
17.50 17.50 17.50 17.50
A) 70 ± 2.228 B) 70 ± 2.262 C) 70 ± 1.960 D) 70 ± 1.833
60 60 60 60
Answer: B
55) You are interested in purchasing a new car. One of the many points you wish to consider is the resale value of
the car after 5 years. Since you are particularly interested in a certain foreign sedan, you decide to estimate the
resale value of this car with a 90% confidence interval. You manage to obtain data on 17 recently resold
5-year-old foreign sedans of the same model. These 17 cars were resold at an average price of $12,580 with a
standard deviation of $700. What is the 90% confidence interval for the true mean resale value of a 5- year-old
car of this model?
A) 12,580 ± 1.645(700/ 17) B) 12,580 ± 1.740(700/ 17)
C) 12,580 ± 1.746(700/ 16) D) 12,580 ± 1.746(700/ 17)
Answer: D
standard deviation of $700. Suppose that the interval is calculated to be ($12,264.09, $13,255.91). How could we
alter the sample size and the confidence coefficient in order to guarantee a decrease in the width of the interval?
A) Keep the sample size the same but increase the confidence coefficient.
B) Increase the sample size and increase the confidence coefficient.
C) Decrease the sample size but increase the confidence coefficient.
D) Increase the sample size but decrease the confidence coefficient.
Answer: D
10
question was posed to 10 randomly selected football fans. The sample results provided a sample mean and
standard deviation of $19.00 and $3.25, respectively. Use this information to construct a 99% confidence interval
for the mean.
A) 19 ± 2.821(3.25/ 10) B) 19 ± 3.25(3.25/ 10)
C) 19 ± 3.169(3.25/ 10) D) 19 ± 3.106(3.25/ 10)
Answer: B
58) A marketing research company is estimating the average total compensation of CEOs in the service industry.
Data were randomly collected from 18 CEOs and the 99% confidence interval for the mean was calculated to be
($2,181,260, $5,836,180). Explain what the phrase "99% confident" means.
A) 99% of the sample means from similar samples fall within the interval.
B) In repeated sampling, 99% of the intervals constructed would contain μ.
C) 99% of the population values will fall within the interval.
D) 99% of the similarly constructed intervals would contain the value of the sample mean.
Answer: B
($2,181,260, $5,836,180). What additional assumption is necessary for this confidence interval to be valid?
A) The sample standard deviation is less than the degrees of freedom.
B) None. The Central Limit Theorem applies.
C) The distribution of the sample means is approximately normal.
D) The population of total compensations of CEOs in the service industry is approximately normally
distributed.
Answer: D
($2,181,260, $5,836,180). What would happen to the confidence interval if the confidence level were changed to
90%?
A) The interval would get narrower.
B) It is impossible to tell until the 90% interval is constructed.
C) There would be no change in the width of the interval.
D) The interval would get wider.
Answer: A
11
61) A computer package was used to generate the following printout for estimating the mean sale price of homes in
a particular neighborhood.
X = sale_price
SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46,400

SAMPLE STANDARD DEV = 13,747
` SAMPLE SIZE OF X = 15
CONFIDENCE = 90
UPPER LIMIT = 52,650.6

LOWER LIMIT = 40,149.4
At what level of reliability is the confidence interval made?

A) 10% B) 55% C) 90% D) 45%
Answer: C
X = sale_price

SAMPLE SIZE OF X = 15
CONFIDENCE = 90

Which of the following is a practical interpretation of the interval above?

A) We are 90% confident that the true sale price of all homes in this neighborhood fall between $40,249.40
and $52,750.60.
B) 90% of the homes in this neighborhood have sale prices that fall between $40,249.40 and $52,750.60.
C) We are 90% confident that the mean sale price of all homes in this neighborhood falls between $40,249.40
and $52,750.60.
D) All are correct practical interpretations of this interval.
Answer: C
12
X = sale_price

CONFIDENCE = 95

A friend suggests that the mean sale price of homes in this neighborhood is $49,000. Comment on your friend's
suggestion.
A) Your friend is wrong, and you are 95% certain.
B) Based on this printout, all you can say is that the mean sale price might be $49,000.
C) Your friend is correct, and you are 95% certain.
D) Your friend is correct, and you are 100% certain.
Answer: B
64) To help consumers assess the risks they are taking, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) publishes the
amount of nicotine found in all commercial brands of cigarettes. A new cigarette has recently been marketed.
The FDA tests on this cigarette yielded mean nicotine content of 26.5 milligrams and standard deviation of 2.6
milligrams for a sample of n = 9 cigarettes. Construct a 90% confidence interval for the mean nicotine content of
this brand of cigarette.
A) 26.5 ± 1.612 B) 26.5 ± 1.589 C) 26.5 ± 1.685 D) 26.5 ± 1.710
Answer: A
65) Private colleges and universities rely on money contributed by individuals and corporations for their operating
expenses. Much of this money is invested in a fund called an endowment, and the college spends only the
interest earned by the fund. A recent survey of eight private colleges in the United States revealed the following
endowments (in millions of dollars): 60.2, 47.0, 235.1, 490.0, 122.6, 177.5, 95.4, and 220.0. Summary statistics
yield x = 180.975 and s = 143.042. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the mean endowment of all private
colleges in the United States.
A) 180.975 ± 124.673 B) 180.975 ± 119.605 C) 180.975 ± 116.621 D) 180.975 ± 127.863
Answer: B
be: (2.95, 3.10). The researcher claimed that the average GPA of all male students exceeded 2.94. Using the
confidence interval supplied above, how do you respond to this claim?
A) We are 95% confident that the researcher is incorrect.
B) We are 95% confident that the researcher is correct.
C) We cannot make any statement regarding the average GPA of male university students at the 95%
confidence level.
D) We are 100% confident that the researcher is incorrect.
Answer: B
13
be: (2.95, 3.10). What assumption is necessary for the confidence interval analysis to work properly?
A) The sampling distribution of the sample mean needs to be approximately normally distributed.
B) The population that we are sampling from needs to be approximately normally distributed.
C) The Central Limit theorem guarantees that no assumptions about the population are necessary.
D) The population that we are sampling from needs to be a t-distribution with n-1 degrees of freedom.
Answer: B
standard deviation of $700. Create a 95% confidence interval for the true mean resale value of a 5-year-old car
of that model.
Answer: For confidence coefficient .95, 1 - α ⇒ α = 1 - .95 = .05.
α/2 = 0.05/2 = 0.025. With df = n - 1 = 17 - 1 = 16, t0.025 = 2.120. The 95% confidence interval is:
s 700
x ± tα/2 = 12,900 ± 2.120 = (12,540.08, 13,259.92)
n 17
For this interval to be valid, we must assume that the population of resale values for all 5-year-old cars of
this model follows an approximately normal distribution.
Data were randomly collected from 18 CEOs and the 90% confidence interval was calculated to be
($2,181,260, $5,836,180). Give a practical interpretation of the confidence interval.
Answer: We are 90% confident that the average total compensation of CEOs in the service industry is contained in
the interval $2,181,260 to $5,836,180.
Data were randomly collected from 18 CEOs and the 99% confidence interval was calculated to be
($2,181,260, $5,836,180). Based on the interval above, do you believe the average total compensation of CEOs in
the service industry is more than $1,500,000?
Answer: Since all of the values in the interval are greater than $1,500,000, it seems very likely that the mean is
greater than $1,500,000, but we can't be 100% certain.
14
X = sale_price
SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46300

SAMPLE STANDARD DEV = 13747
CONFIDENCE = 90
UPPER LIMIT = 51003.90

SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46300
LOWER LIMIT = 41596.10
A friend suggests that the mean sale price of homes in this neighborhood is $46,000. Comment on your friend's
suggestion.
Answer: Your friend could be correct. $46,000 is contained in the 90% confidence interval. It cannot be ruled out as
a possible value for the mean sales price.
72) The following random sample was selected from a normal population: 9, 11, 8, 10, 14, 8. Construct a 95%
confidence interval for the population mean μ.
s 2.28
Answer: x = 10; s = 2.28; x ± tα/2 = 10 ± 2.571 = 10 ± 2.393
n 6
73) The following sample of 16 measurements was selected from a population that is approximately normally
distributed.
61 85 92 77 83 81 75 78
95 87 69 74 76 84 80 83
Construct a 90% confidence interval for the population mean.

s 8.367
Answer: x = 80; s = 8.367; x ± tα/2 = 80 ± 1.753 = 80 ± 3.667
n 16
74) A marketing research company is estimating which of two soft drinks college students prefer. A random sample
of 148 college students produced the following confidence interval for the proportion of college students who
prefer drink A: (.344, .494). Is this a large enough sample for this analysis to work?
A) No.
^ ^
B) Yes, since both np ≥ 15 and nq ≥ 15.
C) Yes, since n = 148 (which is 30 or more).
D) It is impossible to say with the given information.
Answer: B
15
of 330 college students produced the following 95% confidence interval for the proportion of college students
who prefer one of the colas: (.330, .469). What additional assumptions are necessary for the interval to be valid?
A) The sample was randomly selected from an approximately normal population.
B) No additional assumptions are necessary.
C) The sample proportion equals the population proportion.
D) The population proportion has an approximately normal distribution.
Answer: B
76) What type of car is more popular among college students, American or foreign? One hundred fifty-nine college
students were randomly sampled and each was asked which type of car he or she prefers. A computer package
was used to generate the printout below for the proportion of college students who prefer American
automobiles.
SAMPLE PROPORTION = .396226

SAMPLE SIZE = 159
UPPER LIMIT = .46353

LOWER LIMIT = .331114
Is the sample large enough for the interval to be valid?

A) No, the sample size should be at 10% of the population.
B) Yes, since n > 30.
C) No, the population of college students is not normally distributed.
^ ^
D) Yes, since np and nq are both greater than 15.
Answer: D
considered themselves full-time students. A computer program was used to generate the following 95%
confidence interval for the population proportion: (0.64814, 0.75186). The sample size that was used in this
problem is considered a large sample. What criteria should be used to determine if n is large?
A) If n > 25, then n is considered large.
B) If n > 30, then n is considered large.
C) When working with proportions, any n is considered large.
^ ^
D) Both np ≥ 15 and nq ≥ 15.
Answer: D
^
78) For n = 40 and p = .35, is the sample size large enough to construct a confidence for p?
^
Answer: No; np = 14 < 15
^
^ ^
Answer: Yes; np = 18 > 15 and nq = 22 > 15
^
^
Answer: No; nq = 8 < 15
16

^
81) The sampling distribution for p is approximately normal for a large sample size n, where n is considered large if
^ ^
both n p ≥ 15 and n(1 - p) ≥ 15.
A) True B) False
Answer: A
82) When the sample size is small, confidence intervals for a population proportion are more reliable when the
population proportion p is near 0 or 1.
A) True B) False
Answer: B
Solve the problem.

of n college students produced the following 95% confidence interval for the proportion of college students who
prefer drink A: (.262, .622). Identify the point estimate for estimating the true proportion of college students
who prefer that drink.
A) .18 B) .622 C) .262 D) .442
Answer: D
was used to generate the printout below for the proportion of college students who prefer American
automobiles.

SAMPLE SIZE = 159
UPPER LIMIT = .464240

LOWER LIMIT = .331153
What proportion of the sampled students prefer foreign automobiles?

A) .390998 B) .609002 C) .331153 D) .464240
Answer: B
17
was used to generate the printout below of a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of college students who
prefer American automobiles.

SAMPLE SIZE = 159
UPPER LIMIT = .496

LOWER LIMIT = .296
Which of the following is a correct practical interpretation of the interval?

A) 99% of all college students prefer American cars between .296 and .496 of the time.
B) We are 99% confident that the proportion of all college students who prefer foreign cars falls between .296
and .496.
C) We are 99% confident that the proportion of all college students who prefer American cars falls between
.296 and .496.
D) We are 99% confident that the proportion of the 159 sampled students who prefer American cars falls
between .296 and .496.
Answer: C
was used to generate the printout below of a 90% confidence interval for the proportion of college students who
prefer American automobiles.

SAMPLE SIZE = 159
UPPER LIMIT = .460

LOWER LIMIT = .332
Based on the interval above, do you believe that 31% of all college students prefer American automobiles?
A) Yes, and we are 100 %sure of it. B) No, and we are 100% sure of it.
C) No, and we are 90% confident of it. D) Yes, and we are 90% confident of it.
Answer: C
87) A newspaper reported on the topics that teenagers most want to discuss with their parents. The findings, the
results of a poll, showed that 46% would like more discussion about the family's financial situation, 37% would
like to talk about school, and 30% would like to talk about religion. These and other percentages were based on
a national sampling of 545 teenagers. Estimate the proportion of all teenagers who want more family
discussions about school. Use a 90% confidence level.
A) .63 ± .034 B) .37 ± .034 C) .37 ± .001 D) .63 ± .001
Answer: B
18
88) A newspaper reported on the topics that teenagers most want to discuss with their parents. The findings, the
a national sampling of 549 teenagers. Using 99% reliability, can we say that more than 30% of all teenagers want
to discuss school with their parents?
A) No, since the value .30 is not contained in the 99% confidence interval.
B) No, since the value .30 is not contained in the 99% confidence interval.
C) Yes, since the values inside the 99% confidence interval are greater than .30.
D) Yes, since the value .30 falls inside the 99% confidence interval.
Answer: C
89) A random sample of 4000 U.S. citizens yielded 2150 who are in favor of gun control legislation. Find the point
estimate for estimating the proportion of all Americans who are in favor of gun control legislation.
A) 4000 B) 2150 C) .5375 D) .4625
Answer: C
90) A random sample of 4000 U.S. citizens yielded 2250 who are in favor of gun control legislation. Estimate the
true proportion of all Americans who are in favor of gun control legislation using a 90% confidence interval.
A) .4375 ± .0129 B) .5625 ± .4048 C) .5625 ± .0129 D) .4375 ± .4048
Answer: C
91) A university dean is interested in determining the proportion of students who receive some sort of financial aid.
Rather than examine the records for all students, the dean randomly selects 200 students and finds that 118 of
them are receiving financial aid. Use a 95% confidence interval to estimate the true proportion of students who
receive financial aid.
A) .59 ± .002 B) .59 ± .005 C) .59 ± .474 D) .59 ± .068
Answer: D
them are receiving financial aid. The 95% confidence interval for p is 59 ± .07. Interpret this interval.
A) We are 95% confident that between 52% and 66% of the sampled students receive some sort of financial
aid.
B) 95% of the students receive between 52% and 66% of their tuition in financial aid.
C) We are 95% confident that 59% of the students are on some sort of financial aid.
D) We are 95% confident that the true proportion of all students receiving financial aid is between .52 and .66.
Answer: D
93) A confidence interval was used to estimate the proportion of statistics students who are female. A random
sample of 72 statistics students generated the following 99% confidence interval: (.438, .642). State the level of
reliability used to create the confidence interval.
A) 72% B) 99%
C) between 43.8% and 64.2% D) 64.2%
Answer: B
19
sample of 72 statistics students generated the following 90% confidence interval: (.438, .642). Based on the
interval, is the population proportion of females equal to 58%?
A) No, and we are 90% sure of it.
B) Yes, and we are 90% sure of it.
C) No, the proportion is 54%.
D) Maybe. 58% is a believable value of the population proportion based on the information above.
Answer: D
considered themselves full-time students. A computer program was used to generate the following 95%
confidence interval for the population proportion: (0.64814, 0.75186). Which of the following practical
interpretations is correct for this confidence interval?
A) We are 95% confident that the percentage of the 300 students who responded that they considered
themselves full-time students was 0.700.
B) We are 95% confident that the percentage of all college students who consider themselves full-time
students was 0.700.
C) We are 95% confident that the percentage of the 300 students who responded that they considered
themselves full-time students falls between 0.648 and 0.752.
D) We are 95% confident that the percentage of all college students who consider themselves full-time
students falls between 0.648 and 0.752.
Answer: D
96) The U.S. Commission on Crime randomly selects 600 files of recently committed crimes in an area and finds 380
in which a firearm was reportedly used. Find a 95% confidence interval for p, the true fraction of crimes in the
area in which some type of firearm was reportedly used.
Answer: Let p = the true fraction of crimes in the area in which some type of firearm was reportedly used.
^ 380 ^ ^
p= = .6333 and q = 1 - p = 1 - .6333 = .3667.
600
^^
^ pq
The confidence interval for p is p ± zα/2 .
n
For confidence coefficient .95, 1 - α = .95 ⇒ α = 1 - .95 = .05.
α/2 = .05/2 = .025.
zα/2 = z.025 = 1.96. The 95% confidence interval is:
.6333(.3667)
.6333 ± 1.96 = .6333 ± .0386
600
20
97) A newspaper reports on the topics that teenagers most want to discuss with their parents. The findings, the
a national sampling of 505 teenagers. Estimate the proportion of all teenagers who want more family
discussions about religion. Use a 90% confidence level.
Answer: For confidence coefficient .90, 1 - α = .90 ⇒ α = 1 - .90 = .1.
α/2 = .1/2 = .05.
zα/2 = z.05 = 1.645. The 90% confidence interval for p is:
^^
^ pq .30(.70)
p ± zα/2 ⇒ .30 ± 1.645 ⇒ .30 ± .0335
n 505
98) A random sample of 50 employees of a large company was asked the question, "Do you participate in the
company's stock purchase plan?" The answers are shown below.
yes no no yes no no yes yes no no

no yes yes yes no yes no no yes yes
no yes yes no yes yes no yes yes yes
yes no no yes yes yes yes yes no yes
no yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes
Use a 90% confidence interval to estimate the proportion of employees who participate in the company's stock
purchase plan.
^ 32 (.64)(.36)
Answer: p = = .64; The confidence interval is .64 ± 1.645 ≈ .64 ± .112.
50 50
99) We intend to estimate the average driving time of a group of commuters. From a previous study, we believe
that the average time is 42 minutes with a standard deviation of 7 minutes. We want our 90 percent confidence
interval to have a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 4 minutes. What is the smallest sample size
that we should consider?
A) 9 B) 3 C) 34 D) 2
Answer: A
100) A local men's clothing store is being sold. The buyers are trying to estimate the percentage of items that are
outdated. They will choose a random sample from the 100,000 items in the store's inventory in order to
determine the proportion of merchandise that is outdated. The current owners have never determined the
percentage of outdated merchandise and cannot help the buyers. How large a sample do the buyers need in
order to be 99% confident that the margin of error of their estimate is about 5%?
A) 258 B) 2653 C) 664 D) 1327
Answer: C
sample of 72 statistics students generated the following confidence interval: (.438, .642). Using the information
above, what sample size would be necessary if we wanted to estimate the true proportion to within 3% using
99% reliability?
A) 1916 B) 1769 C) 1842 D) 1831
Answer: D
21
102) Sales of a new line of athletic footwear are crucial to the success of a company. The company wishes to estimate
the average weekly sales of the new footwear to within $200 with 95% reliability. The initial sales indicate that
the standard deviation of the weekly sales figures is approximately $1400. How many weeks of data must be
sampled for the company to get the information it desires?
A) 189 weeks B) 14 weeks C) 37,648 weeks D) 97 weeks
Answer: A
103) The director of a hospital wishes to estimate the mean number of people who are admitted to the emergency
room during a 24-hour period. The director randomly selects 64 different 24-hour periods and determines the
number of admissions for each. For this sample, x = 19.8 and s2 = 36. If the director wishes to estimate the mean
number of admissions per 24-hour period to within 1 admission with 90% reliability, what is the minimum
sample size she should use?
A) 3508 B) 2132 C) 98 D) 60
Answer: C
104) A previous random sample of 4000 U.S. citizens yielded 2250 who are in favor of gun control legislation. How
many citizens would need to be sampled for a 99% confidence interval to estimate the true proportion within
3%?
A) 1842 B) 1916 C) 1695 D) 1814
Answer: D
them are receiving financial aid. If the dean wanted to estimate the proportion of all students receiving financial
aid to within 1% with 99% reliability, how many students would need to be sampled?
A) 6229 B) 3880 C) 161 D) 16,040
Answer: D
106) After elections were held, it was desired to estimate the proportion of voters who regretted that they did not
vote. How many voters must be sampled in order to estimate the true proportion to within 2% (e.g., + 0.02) at
the 90% confidence level? Assume that we believe this proportion lies close to 30%.
A) n = 1692
B) Cannot determine because no estimate of p or q exists in this problem.
C) n = 2401
D) n = 1421
E) n = 2017
Answer: D
107) Suppose it is desired to estimate the average time a customer spends in a particular store to within 5 minutes
(e.g., + 5 minutes) at 99% reliability. It is estimated that the standard deviation of the times is 15 minutes. How
large a sample should be taken to get the desired interval?
A) n = 25 B) n = 35 C) n = 299 D) n = 60
Answer: D
108) It is desired to estimate the average time it takes Statistics students to finish a computer project to within two
hours at 90% reliability. It is estimated that the standard deviation of the times is 14 hours. How large a sample
should be taken to get the desired interval?
A) n = 231 B) n = 189 C) n = 133 D) n = 325
Answer: C
22
109) It is desired to estimate the proportion of college students who feel a sudden relief now that their statistics class
is over. How many students must be sampled in order to estimate the true proportion to within 2% at the 90%
confidence level?
A) n = 189
B) Cannot determine because no estimate of p or q exists in this problem
C) n = 1692
D) n = 133
E) n = 2401
Answer: C
110) A local men's clothing store is being sold. The buyers are trying to estimate the percentage of items that are
outdated. They will choose a random sample from the 100,000 items in the store's inventory in order to
determine the proportion of merchandise that is outdated. The current owners have never determined the
percentage of outdated merchandise and cannot help the buyers. How large a sample do the buyers need in
order to be 90% confident that the margin of error of their estimate is within 3%?
zα/2 2
Answer: To determine the sample size necessary to estimate p, we use n = pq
SE
α/2 = .1/2 = .05.
zα/2 = z.05 = 1.645.
Since no estimate of p exists, we use p = q = .5.
1.645 2
n= (.5)(.5) = 751.673611. Round up to n = 752.
.03
111) Suppose you wanted to estimate a binomial proportion, p, correct to within .05 with probability 0.95. What size
sample would need to be selected if p is known to be approximately 0.8?
z α/2 2
Answer: To determine the sample size necessary to estimate p, we use n = p(1 - p).
SE
α/2 = .05/2 = .025.
zα/2 = z.025 = 1.96.
1.96 2
n= (.80)(1 - .80) = 245.8624. Round up to n = 246.
.05
112) The standard deviation of a population is estimated to be 345 units. To estimate the population mean to within
49 units with 99% reliability, what size sample should be selected?
zα/2 2
Answer: To determine the sample size necessary to estimate μ, we use n = σ2.
SE
α/2 = .01/2 = .005.
zα/2 = z.005 = 2.575.
2.575 2
n= 3452 = 328.7006. Round up to n = 329.
49
23
113) Sales of a new line of athletic footwear are crucial to the success of a newly formed company. The company
wishes to estimate the average weekly sales of the new footwear to within $150 with 99% reliability. The initial
sales indicate that the standard deviation of the weekly sales figures is approximately $1550. How many weeks
of data must be sampled for the company to get the information it desires?
zα/2 2
Answer: To determine the sample size necessary to estimate μ, we use n = σ2.
SE
α/2 = .01/2 = .005.
zα/2 = z.005 = 2.575.
2.575 2
n= 15502 = 708.0034. Round up to n = 709.
150
114) In the construction of confidence intervals, if all other quantities are unchanged, an increase in the sample size
will lead to a __________ interval.
A) biased B) less significant C) narrower D) wider
Answer: C

115) One way of reducing the width of a confidence interval is to reduce the size of the sample taken.
A) True B) False
Answer: B
116) If no estimate of p exists when determining the sample size for a confidence interval for a proportion, we can
use .5 in the formula to get a value for n.
A) True B) False
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

2
117) For the given combination of α and degrees of freedom (df), find the value of χ α/2 that would be used to find
the lower endpoint of a confidence interval for σ2 .

α = 0.1, df = 14
A) 21.0642 B) 6.5706 C) 22.3621 D) 23.6848
Answer: D
2
118) For the given combination of α and degrees of freedom (df), find the value of χ (1 - α/2) that would be used to
find the upper endpoint of a confidence interval for σ2 .

α = 0.01, df = 30
A) 13.1211 B) 13.7867 C) 14.9535 D) 53.6720
Answer: B
119) Given the values of x, s, and n, form a 99% confidence interval for σ2.
x = 15.1, s = 4.3, n = 24
A) (10.04, 47.92) B) (10.21, 41.71) C) (2.38, 9.7) D) (9.63, 45.92)
Answer: D
24
120) Given the values of x, s, and n, form a 99% confidence interval for σ.
x = 19.7, s = 4.8, n = 14
A) (2.09, 17.5) B) (3.17, 9.17) C) (10.04, 84.02) D) (3.29, 8.54)
Answer: B
121) The daily intakes of milk (in ounces) for ten five-year old children selected at random from one school were:
30.3 29.6 26.3 30.0 24.0
30.7 31.2 24.4 28.2 27.5
Find a 99% confidence interval for the standard deviation, σ, of the daily milk intakes of all five-year olds at
this school. Round to the nearest hundredth when necessary.
A) (1.61, 5.93) B) (1.61, 5.33) C) (0.58, 2.75) D) (1.56, 5.33)
Answer: A
122) The mean systolic blood pressure for a random sample of 28 women aged 18-24 is 115.2 mm Hg and the
standard deviation is 13.1 mm Hg. Construct a 90% confidence interval for the standard deviation σ, of the
systolic blood pressures of all women aged 18-24. Round to the nearest hundredth when necessary.
A) (10.22, 18.34) B) (10.59, 16.54) C) (11.23, 15.99) D) (10.75, 16.94)
Answer: D
123) The mean replacement time for a random sample of 12 CD players is 8.6 years with a standard deviation of 4.4
years. Construct the 99% confidence interval for the population variance, σ2 . Assume the data are normally
distributed, and round to the nearest hundredth when necessary.
A) (1.81, 18.59) B) (2.82, 9.04) C) (7.96, 81.81) D) (8.61, 69.74)
Answer: C
124) A random sample of 15 crates have a mean weight of 165.2 pounds and a standard deviation of 13.5 pounds.
Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population standard deviation σ. Assume the population is
normally distributed, and round to the nearest hundredth when necessary.
A) (2.69, 5.79) B) (10.38, 19.71) C) (97.69, 453.3) D) (9.88, 21.29)
Answer: D
125) The volumes (in ounces) of juice in eight randomly selected juice bottles are as follows:
15.0 15.9 15.8 15.0
15.7 15.4 15.9 15.4
Find a 99% confidence interval for the standard deviation, σ, of the volumes of juice in all such bottles. Round
to the nearest hundredth when necessary.
A) (0.22, 0.85) B) (0.22, 1.00) C) (0.22, 0.99) D) (0.21, 0.85)
Answer: C
25
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T HOU seemest to have been long from me; let nothing any longer
detain thee, but my sister’s necessity, or father’s authority. I
am in a comfortable state of health, through divine goodness, to
which be glory for ever. See that thou love and admire that fountain
of our life, and peace: and be ever mindful that ’tis all thy business to
love, and serve, and praise thy Creator and Redeemer. I have no
other business but this to write to thee about: but this is all our
business. What we use to call business is but vanity and pastime in
comparison of this. Remember that ’tis thy one end, to glorify God,
and enjoy him for ever. Learn well that lesson, and know, that it is the
only thing necessary. Every morning remember that thy serving and
pleasing God is the whole business of that day, and therefore set out
accordingly with an express design and intention to please God in
thy eating, drinking, visiting, conversing, and duties throughout the
day. My most dear heart, I have nothing in the world that doth
concern thee, or me so much to write of to thee, as this. Oh that thou
mayst still be laying up in heaven! Still furthering thy account; still
adding to the heap, and increasing thy glorious reward? Nothing is
done for God, but thou shalt hear of it again. What is not done for
God, is but so much lost. Those things which others do, being led by
their natural affections and desires, those things do thou with holy
aims, for spiritual ends, and then God will put it on the account, as so
much done for him. So it is, my dearest, God keeps a true account.
See that thou believe it, and so plough in hope, and sow in hope,
pray and hear with an eye to the sure reward. Let thy hopes be
strong and lively, and then thy hands will be strong, and thy
resolutions and affections will be strong. My time is very precious,
and I would not lose an inch of it. See thou to it, that my time in
writing this letter be not lost time. Love God the more, and set thy
heart the straiter towards him, and practise this one thing, in every
action look to thy end, and then I have got well, and thou better by
these counsels. My dearest, I love thee in truth and tenderness, but
my love signifies little, unless it serve thine eternal good.
I rest thine own,
JOS. ALLEINE.
[To his wife.]
My dear heart,
M Y heart
* is now a little at rest to write to thee. I have been these
three days much disturbed. Strong sollicitations I have had
from several hands, to accept very honourable preferment;
but I have not found the invitations to suit with the inclinations of my
own heart, as I was confident they would not with thine. I have sent
away my friends satisfied with the reasons of my refusal, and now
can say, Soul, return unto thy rest. But alas, that such things should
disturb me! I would live above this lower region, that no passages
whatsoever might put me out of frame, or unsettle me from my
desired rest. I would have my heart fixed upon God, so as no
occurrences might disturb my tranquility, but I might be still in the
same quiet and even frame. Well, though I am apt to be unsettled,
yet I am like a bird out of the nest, I am never at quiet till I am in my
old way of communion with God; like the needle in the compass, that
is restless, till it be turned towards the pole.
I can say through grace, with my soul have I desired thee in the
night, and with my spirit within me have I sought thee early; my heart
is early and late with God, ’tis the business and delight of my life to
seek him. But alas, how long shall I spend my days in wishing, when
my glorified brethren spend theirs in enjoying? As the poor
imprisoned captive sighs under his irons, and can only look through
the grate, and long for the liberty which others enjoy: such is my
condition. I can only look through the grate of this prison, my flesh; I
see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, sitting down in the kingdom of
God. But alas, I myself must stand without, longing, praying, waiting,
for what they are enjoying. Happy souls! When shall these fetters of
mine be knocked off? When shall I be set at liberty from this prison
of my body? You are cloathed with glory, when I am cloathed with
dust. I dwell in flesh, in a house of clay, when you dwell with God in a
house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.
I must be continually clogged with this cumbersome body, when
you have put on incorruption and immortality. What continual
molestation am I subject to by reason of this flesh? What pains doth
it cost me to keep this earthen vessel from breaking! It must be
exercised; and which is worst of all, cherished with time-devouring
sleep; so that I live but little of the short time I have allotted me here.
But oh blessed souls, you are swallowed up of immortality and life,
your race is run, and you have received your crown. How cautious
must I be to keep me from dangers! How apt am I to be troubled with
the cares and fears of this life, when your souls are taken up with
God and Christ, and ’tis your work to be still contemplating, and
admiring that love that redeemed you from all this. What pains must I
be at to repair the ruinous building of this earthly tabernacle, which
when I have done, I am sure will shortly fall about my ears; when you
are got far above mortality, and are made equal with the angels. Oh!
I groan earnestly to be cloathed upon with my house which is from
heaven, being willing rather to be absent from the body and present
with the Lord! Oh, when shall I come and appear before him? When
shall I receive the purchase of my Saviour, the fruit of my prayers,
the harvest of my labours, the end of my faith, the salvation of my
soul? Alas, what do I here? This is not my resting place, my treasure
is in heaven. Oh when shall I be where my heart is? Wo is me that
dwell in the tents of Kedar! Oh that I had wings like a dove, that I
might fly away and be at rest! Then would I hasten my escape from
the storm and tempest, and be out of the reach of fears,
disturbances, and distractions. How long shall I live at such a
distance from my God, at such a distance from my country? Alas,
how can I sing the Lord’s song in a strange land? No, I will hang my
harp upon the willows, and sit down and weep when I remember
Sion. But yet my flesh shall rest in hope, and I will daily bathe my
soul in the sweet thoughts of my blessed home. I will rejoice in
hopes of what I do not yet enjoy, and content myself with the taste of
what I shall shortly have my fill of.
The Lord grant the request I daily pour out before him, and make
us furtherances to each other’s soul, that we may quicken and
promote and forward one another in his ways! Help me by thy
prayers, as thou dost always. The God of all peace and comfort be
with thee my sweet love! Farewell!
Thine beyond expression,
JOS. ALLEINE.
L E T T E R XXVI.
[God is a satisfying Portion.]
My most dear friend,
H AD not my right hand long since forgot her cunning, and the
Almighty shook the pen out of my hand, I should long e’er this
have written to thee; but it is a wonder of divine power and goodness
that my soul had not before this time dwelt in silence, and that death
had not put the long period to all my writing and converse.
Long is the song of love that I have to tell thee. I rejoice in the
constancy of thy love, that the waters of so long a silence, and so
great a distance have not yet quenched it. But thy desires are
towards me, and thy heart is with me, though providence hath
hindered me from thy much-desired company. I will assure thee it
hath been a pleasure to my heart a good part of this summer, to
hope that I should come one half of the way to give thee a meeting.
But such is my weakness hitherto, that I am forced to put off those
hopes till the spring, when, if God gives me strength to ride, I intend
to see thee before mine own home. I thank thee for all the dear
expressions of thy fervent love: my expences have been vast; but
surely goodness and mercy hath followed me, and do follow me in
every place, and in every change of my condition; so that as to
temporals, I have lack of nothing, and as for spirituals I abound and
superabound, and the streams of my comforts have been full and
running over. The joy of the Lord hath been my strength at the
weakest, and in the multitude of my thoughts within me, his comforts
have refreshed my soul. I have found God a satisfying portion to me,
and have sat under his shadow with full delights, and his fruit is most
sweet to my taste: he is my strength ♦and my song, for I will talk of
him, and write of him with perpetual pleasure. Through grace I can
say, methinks I am now in my element, since I have begun to make
mention of him, I am rich in him and happy in him, and my soul saith
unto him with David, Thou hast made me most blessed for ever
more. Happy is the hour that ever I was born, to be made partaker of
so blissful a treasure, so endless a felicity, such angelical a
prerogative, as I have in him: O how sweet are his converses, how
delightful it is to triumph in his love.
♦ duplicate word “and” removed

Methinks the story of the lepers comes not unaptly to my mind,
who said one to another when they had eat and drunk and carried
away silver and gold and raiment, and went and hid it, We do not
well; this day is a day of good tidings, and we hold our peace. It is fit
that I should be cloathed with shame; I acknowledge before God,
who trieth the hearts I am unworthy, everlastingly unworthy. But it is
not fit that he should lose his praise; nay rather let him be the more
adored, and magnified and admired for ever and ever. Bless the
Lord, O my soul, bless the Lord, O my friend; let us exalt his name
together. He is my solace in my solitude; he is my standing
comforter, my tried friend, my sure refuge, my safe retreat; he is my
paradise, he is my heaven; and my heart is at rest in him: and I will
sit and sing under his shadow, as a bird among the branches. And
whither should I go but unto him? Shall I leave the fatness of the
olive, and the sweetness of the fig-tree, and of the vine, and go and
put my trust under the shadow of the bramble? No, I have made my
everlasting choice: this is my rest for ever, he is my well-beloved, in
whom I am well-pleased. Suffer me to boast a little: here I may glory
without vanity, and I can praise him without end or measure; but I
have nothing to say of myself: I find thou dost over-value me; set the
crown upon the head of Christ; let nothing be great with thee but
him, give him the glory. God that knoweth all things, knoweth my
poverty, how little, how low, and how mean I am, and how short I
come of the attainments of the saints, who yet themselves come so
exceedingly short of the rule that God hath set before us. I often
think of the complaint of the devout Monsieur De Renty [I feel myself
very poor this week; and very defective in the love of God; if you
would know wherein you can pleasure me, love God more: that what
is wanting in me may be made up in the abundance of your love:] in
this thou mayest highly pleasure me: love God a little the better,
praise him a little the more for my sake; let me have this to please
myself in, that God is a little the better loved for me, and that I have
blowed up, if it be but one spark of divine love in the bosom of my
dearest friend, towards him.
Thy cautions are acceptable to me, I desire to provide for
manifold changes and storms. I know I am not yet in the harbour; O
pray with me that I may not enter into temptation; for I am very weak
in spirit, as well as in body, God knoweth. Somewhere or other I
must break off, and thou wilt say, it is time to shut up. For once only
know, that I am thy daily orator, and will be whilst I am. And yet once
more, I must have room to add my thankful acknowledgment of
thine. With our most dear affections to you both, I commend you to
the God of love, still abiding,
Thy fast and sure
F R I E N D.
Bath, October 12, 1668.
L E T T E R XXVII.
Dear Cousin,
T HE welcome tidings of your safe arrival at Barbadoes is come to

my ears; as also the news of your escape from a perilous
sickness, for which I bless the Lord. I have considered, that God had
bereft you of a careful father, and that your mother takes but little
care for you; so that you have none nearer than myself to watch for
your soul, and to charge and admonish you in the Lord.
But yet, be not discouraged by these things, but look to heaven,
fly unto Jesus, put away every known sin, set upon the conscientious
performance of every known duty; make Christ your choice, embrace
him upon his own terms; deliver up yourself, body and soul to him:
see that you have no reserves nor limitations in your choice of him;
give him your very heart; cast away your worldly hopes and
expectations, make religion your business.
These things do, and you shall be sure of a friend in heaven; and,
if I may be any comfort to you, you shall not fail, while I live, to have
one friend on earth to care for you. You are gone far from me, even
to the uttermost parts of the earth: but I have sent these letters to call
after you; yea, not only to call, but to cry in your ears. O what is like
to become of your soul! Where is that immortal soul of yours like to
be lodged for ever? Amongst devils or angels? Upon a bed of
flames, or in the joys of paradise?
Go aside; retire from the noise of the world, and say to yourself,
Oh my soul! Whither art thou going? Do not I know, that I must be
converted or condemned? That I must be sanctified, or I can never
be saved? Oh my soul! What seekest thou? What is my chief care?
Is it for this world, or the world to come? Do I first seek the kingdom
of heaven, and the righteousness thereof? Do I think heaven will
drop into my mouth? That glory and immortality will be got with a wet
finger, with cold prayers, and heartless wishes, while the world has
my heart? Do I think to be crowned, and yet never fight? To gain the
race and never run? To enter at the strait gate, and never strive? To
overcome principalities and powers, and never wrestle? No, no; Oh
my soul, either lay by the hopes of heaven for ever, or rouse up
thyself, put forth thy strength after God and glory. Either lay by thy
worldly hopes, or thy hopes of immortality; away with thy sins, or let
Christ go for ever. Think not to have Christ and the world too, to
serve God and mammon: if thou follow the world, thou must die: the
Lord hath spoken it, and all the world can never reverse it. Thus
reason the case with your own soul, and give not rest to thyself night
nor day, till you are gotten off from the world, broken off from every
known sin, and got safe into Christ.
Dear cousin, I charge you by the Lord, to observe these things.
Pray over them, weep over them, read them again and again; do not
pass them over as slight and ordinary things. Your soul is at stake; it
is your salvation which is concerned in them; think not that I am in
jest with you. I travel in birth with you, till Christ be formed in you.
Why should you die? Oh repent and live, lay hold on eternal life, win
Christ, and you win all. Oh be thankful to the Lord, that now you are
fatherless and friendless, yet you have one remembrancer to warn
you to flee from the wrath to come. God forbid that I should find you
at last in the place of torments, for your not embracing these
counsels. To conclude, I charge you as a minister, as a father, take
heed of these three things:
1. Lest the gain of the world prove the loss of your soul:
2. Lest company draw you from God:
3. Lest a lofty or a worldly heart should thrust you out of the

kingdom of heaven.
Oh labour whatever you do for an humble heart. Be little, be vile

in your own eyes; seek not after great things; be poor in spirit:
without this, heaven will be no place for you. Your lot is fallen in a
place of great wickedness, where your soul is in much danger, where
your temptations are many, and your helps for heaven but few:
where good examples are rare, and many will entice ♦you to sin and
vanity. O! look about you, consider your danger, fear lest you should
miscarry for ever. I can but warn you and pray for you: but though
you have none to oversee you, remember the eye of God is upon
you, to observe all your actions, and that he will surely bring all your
practices into judgment. I commend you to the Lord, and remain,
Your loving and careful uncle,
JOS. ALLEINE.
August 19, 1668.

♦ “yo” replaced with “you”
L E T T E R XXVIII.
Dear friend,
* OUR letter was exceeding welcome to me, not only as reviving

Y the remembrance of our old friendship, but also, as bringing
me news of some spiritual good that you received by me,
which is the best tidings that I can receive: For what do I live for, but
to be useful to souls in my generation? *I desire no other business
than to please and honour my God, and serve my generation in that
short allowance of time I have here. Shall I commend to you the
lesson that I am about to learn? It is, to be entirely devoted to the
Lord, that I may be able to say after the apostle, To me to live is
Christ. I would not be serving God only for a day in the week, or an
hour or two in the day: but every day, and all the day. I am ambitious
to come up to that of our Lord and Master, To do always those things
that please God. I plainly see that self-seeking is self-undoing; and
that then we promote ourselves best, when we please God most. I
find, that when I have done all, if God be not pleased, I have done
nothing; and if I can but approve myself to God, my work is done: I
reckon I do not live that time I do not live to God.
*I am fain to cut off so many hours from my days, and so many
years from my life, as I have lived to myself. I find no enemy so
dangerous as myself, and O that others may take warning by my
hurt: O that I had lived wholly to God! Then had every day and every
hour that I have spent, been found upon my account at that day:
then had I been rich indeed, in treasure laid up there, whither I am
apace removing; then I had been every day and hour adding to the
heap, and increasing the reward which God of his mere grace hath
promised, even to the meanest work that is done to him. I perceive I
am an eternal loser by acting no more for God; for what is done to
myself is lost; but what is done for God, is done for ever, and shall
receive an everlasting reward. Verily, if there be a world to come,
and an eternal state after this short life, it is our only wisdom to be
removing, and, as it were transplanting and transporting what we
can, from hence into that country to which we are shortly to be
removed, that what we are now doing we may reap the fruit of for
ever.
Well, let us be wholly swallowed up in religion, and know no other
interest but Jesus Christ. I cannot say, I have already attained; but
this is what my heart is set to learn. That in all that I do, whether
sacred or civil actions, still I may be doing but one work, and driving
on one design, That God may be pleased by me, and glorified in me;
That not only my praying, preaching, alms, may be found upon my
account; but even my eating, drinking, sleeping, visits, discourses,
because they are done to God. Too often do I miss my mark; but I
will tell you what are the rules I set myself: Never to lie down but in
the name of God; nor barely for natural refreshment, but that a
wearied servant of Christ may be recruited and fitted to serve him
better the next day. Never to rise up but with this resolution, I will go
forth this day in the name of God, and will make religion my
business, and spend the day for eternity. Never to enter upon my
calling, but first thinking, I will do these things as unto God, because
he requireth these things at my hands, in the place and station he
hath put me into. Never to sit down to the table, but resolving, I will
not eat meerly to please my appetite, but to strengthen myself for my
Master’s work. Never to make a visit, but to leave something of God
where I go; and in every company to leave some good savor behind.
This is that which I am pressing hard after: and if I strive not to walk
by these rules, let this paper be a witness against me.
I perceive you are otherwise persuaded in some things than I am:

but however, I trust we meet in our end. May it be your whole study
to gain souls, and to build them up in holiness, which is with too
many the least of their cares. One duty (miserably neglected) I shall
be bold to recommend from my own experience, and that is, the
visiting your whole flock from house to house, and enquiring into
their spiritual estates particularly, and dealing plainly and truly with
them about their conversion to God.
You see how free I am with you: but I know your candour. I
rejoice in your happy yoke-fellow: salute her from your old friend,
and accept of the unfeigned respects of him who is, Sir,
Your real and faithful friend,

JOS. ALLEINE.
L E T T E R XXIX.
[To a minister in prison.]
Worthy Sir,
I T was but a little after my release from my own confinement, but I

heard of yours: and now write to you, as one that hath taken a
higher degree than ever, being commenced prisoner of Christ. I was
once affected with the picture of a devout man, to whom a voice
came down from heaven, saying, Quid vis fieri pro te? To which he
answered, Nihil domine, nifi pati ac contemini pro te. Undoubtedly,
Sir, it is our real glory to be throughout conformed to Jesus Christ,
not only in his sanctity, but in his sufferings. I doubt not your
consolations in Christ superabound in all your tribulations for him.
Yet let me add this, that you have a whole shoal of promises come in
to you, which you had not before; I mean all the promises to
suffering saints, in which they have not so immediate a part, unless
in a suffering state. And doubtless he hath got well, that hath gotten
such a number of exceeding great and precious promises.
I can tell you little good of myself: but this I can tell you, that the
promises of God were never so sweet to me, as since my
imprisoned state. It shames me that I have let such a treasure lie by
so long, and have made so little use of it. Never did my soul know
the heaven of a believer’s life, till I learnt to live a life of praise, and
to set home the unspeakable riches of the divine promises, to which,
through grace, I am made an heir. I verily perceive that all our work
were done, if we could but prevail with ourselves and others to live
like believers; to tell all the world by our carriage, that there is such
pleasantness in Christ’s ways, such beauty in holiness, such reward
to obedience, as we profess to believe!
It is but a little while that prisons shall hold us, or that we shall
dwell in dirty flesh. Porphyry tells us of Plotinus, that he was
ashamed to see himself in the body; to see a divine and immortal
soul in a prison of flesh (for so they held the body to be;) but the
worst shackles are those of sin. Well, they must shortly fall off; our
Lord doth not long intend us for this lower region: surely he is gone
to prepare a place for us: yea, and he will come again, and receive
us to himself, that where he is, we may be also. And what have we
to do, but to believe, and wait, and love, and long, and look out for
his coming, in which is all our hope? ’Twill be time enough for us to
be preferred then. We know before hand who shall then be
uppermost. Our Lord hath shewed us where our places shall be,
even at his own right hand; and what he will say to us, Come ye
blessed. Surely we shall stand in his judgment: he hath promised to
stand our friend: let us look for the joyful day: and sure as there is a
God, this day will come, and then it shall go well with us. What if
bonds and banishment abide us for a season? This is nothing but
what our Lord hath told us, The world shall rejoice, but ye shall
lament: ye shall be sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be turned into
joy. Oh how reviving are his words! I will see you again, and your
heart shall rejoice, and your joy no man taketh from you.
If that miserable wretch leapt chearfully off the ladder, saying, I

shall be a queen in hell: with what joy should we do and suffer for
God, knowing that we shall be crowned in heaven? They are
wonderful preparations that are making for us: the Lord make us
meet to be partakers. *It was the highest commendation that ever
that worthy R. Baxter received, which fell from his scoffing adversary
Tilenus, Totum, puritanismum totus spirat. Oh that this may be true
of us and ours!
Let your true yoke-fellow, and my Christian friends with you, have
my hearty commendation: and these counsels I pray you give them
from me.
1. To habituate themselves, both as to their thoughts and
discourses, more throughly than ever to holiness. Brethren, I would
teach you the lesson that I resolve to learn, that your minds and
tongues may as naturally run upon the things of heaven, as others
on the things of this world. Why should it not be thus? I am sure God
and heaven as well deserve to be thought on, and talked of as froth
and vanity. There are many that have in a great measure learnt this
lesson, and why should not we? What if it be hard at first? Every
thing is so to a beginner. And is not ours a religion of self-denial? If
we do but force ourselves awhile to holy thoughts, and heavenly
discourse, it will grow habitual to us, and then it will be most natural,
familiar, and sweet. O what gainers will you be, if you learn this
lesson?
’Tis the shame of religion, that Christians are so unlike
themselves, unless upon their knees. Our lives and language should
tell the world what we are, and whither we are going. Christians, let
little things content you in the world, but aspire after great things in
the grace of God. Many little think what high degrees of holiness
they may grow up to even in this life with pains and diligence. Sirs,
be you men of great designs: think it not enough if you have
wherewith to bear your charges to heaven; but aspire to be great in
the court of heaven, favourites of the Most High, of tall growth,
singular communion, that you may burn and shine in your place, that
you may savour of heaven wherever you come, and that there may
be an even-spun thread of holiness running through your whole
course. ’Tis our disgrace, that there is so little difference to be seen
in the ordinary conversation of believers and other men. Is it not a
shame, that when we are in company with others, this should be all
the difference that is to be seen, that we will not curse and swear? If
you will honour the gospel, bring forth your religion out of your
closets into your shops, trades, visits, and exemplify the rules of
religion in the management of all your relations, and in your ordinary
converse. Let there be no place or company that you come into, in
which you do not drop something of God; this will be the glory of
religion, and we shall never convince the world ’till we come to this.
May you come, my brethren, out of your prisons with your faces
shining, having your minds seasoned, and your tongues tipt with
holiness! May your mouths be as a well of life, from whence may
flow the holy streams of edifying discourse! May you ever remember,
as you are sitting in your houses, going by the way, lying down,
rising up, what the Lord doth then require of you.
2. To improve their present retirements from the world, for the
settling their spiritual estates. ’Tis a common complaint amongst
Christians, that they want assurance. Oh, if any of you that wanted
assurance when you came to prison, may carry that blessing out,
what happy gainers would you be? Now you are called more than
ever to self-searching. Now bring your graces to the touchstone. Be
much in self observation. Rest not in probable hopes. Think not that
it is enough that you can say, you hope ’tis well. Be restless till you
can say, that you know ’tis well; that you know you are passed from
death to life.
*Think not that this is a privilege that only a few may expect.
Observe but these three things:
1. To take heed of laying the marks of salvation either too high or

too low;
2. To be much in observing the frame, and bent, and workings of

your own heart:
3. To be universally conscientious, and to be constant in even

and close walking, and then I doubt not but you will have a settled
assurance, and know and feel that peace of God that passeth all
understanding.
I wish your prison may be a paradise of peace, and a Patmos of

divine discoveries, Lord Jesus set to thy Amen. I am, Sir,
Your unworthy brother and companion in the kingdom and

patience of Jesus,
JOS. ALLEINE.
January 10, 1664.

L E T T E R XXX.
To the most beloved people, the servants of God in
Taunton, salvation.
Most dearly beloved and longed for,

my joy and crown.
M Y heart’s desire and prayer for you is, that you may be saved.
This is that which I have been praying and studying, and
preaching for these many years: and this is the end of my suffering,
and writing at this present time. I seek not other gifts, give me your
hearts, let me but part between your sins and you: suffer me but to
save you; give me leave to carry you over to Jesus Christ, and I will
not ask you any more. I will serve you gladly, I will suffer for you
thankfully, so I may but save you. Do not wonder why I follow you so
pressingly, why I call upon you so frequently; let not my importunity
be grievous to you, all this is but to save you. Christ did not think his
blood, and shall I think my breath too dear in order to your salvation;
what pity is it, that any of you should miscarry at last, under the
power of ignorance, or by a profane negligence, or a formal and
lifeless profession of strict godliness?
Beloved, I am afraid of you, lest (as to many of you) I have run in
vain. I cannot but thankfully acknowledge, that there are not a few of
you who are the joy of your ministers, and the glory of Christ. But it
cannot be dissembled, that far the greater number give little ground
to hope, they are in the state of salvation. And must not this be a
pinching thought to a compassionate teacher, that he cannot
persuade men, but that the most of them will wilfully throw away
themselves? Is it not a woeful sight, to behold the devils driving a
great part of our miserable flocks, (as they did once the herd of
swine) violently down the hill, till they be choaked in the water,
drowned in the gulph of endless perdition? Ah miserable spectacle!
What through the wilful blindness of some, the looseness and
sensuality of others, the halving, and cold, and customary religion of
others, how great a number of our poor flocks, is Satan like to carry
utterly away from us, after all that hath been done to save him?

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Solve the problem.

Answer the question True or False.

Solve the problem.

7) What is the confidence level of the following confidence interval for μ?

Variable N Lo 95% CI Mean Up 95% CI SD

Answer the question True or False.

20) The confidence level is the confidence coefficient expressed as a percentage.

Solve the problem.

22) Which information is not shown on the screen below?

A) the confidence level B) the sample standard deviation

23) Find z α/2 for the given value of α.

Variable N Lo 95% CI Mean Up 95% CI SD

Variable N Lo 95% CI Mean Up 95% CI SD

a. Find a 90% confidence interval for the population mean μ.

SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46,400

UPPER LIMIT = 52,650.6

At what level of reliability is the confidence interval made?

SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46,500

UPPER LIMIT = 52,750.6

Which of the following is a practical interpretation of the interval above?

SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46,300

UPPER LIMIT = 53,913.60

SAMPLE MEAN OF X = 46300

UPPER LIMIT = 51003.90

Construct a 90% confidence interval for the population mean.

SAMPLE PROPORTION = .396226

UPPER LIMIT = .46353

Is the sample large enough for the interval to be valid?

Answer the question True or False.

Solve the problem.

SAMPLE PROPORTION = .390998

UPPER LIMIT = .464240

What proportion of the sampled students prefer foreign automobiles?

SAMPLE PROPORTION = .396

UPPER LIMIT = .496

Which of the following is a correct practical interpretation of the interval?

SAMPLE PROPORTION = .396

UPPER LIMIT = .460

yes no no yes no no yes yes no no

Answer the question True or False.

Solve the problem.

the lower endpoint of a confidence interval for σ2 .

find the upper endpoint of a confidence interval for σ2 .

I rest thine own,

Thine beyond expression,

My most dear friend,

♦ duplicate word “and” removed

Thy fast and sure

Bath, October 12, 1668.

T HE welcome tidings of your safe arrival at Barbadoes is come to

2. Lest company draw you from God:

3. Lest a lofty or a worldly heart should thrust you out of the

Oh labour whatever you do for an humble heart. Be little, be vile

Your loving and careful uncle,