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WHAT IS WIRELESS FOLLOW US

POWER TRANSMISSION?
Posted by Graham Lambert | DIY Electronics | 0
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Wireless power transmission is a system where
energy is coupled from a transmitter to a
receiver without a physical connection. It was
the dream of Nicola Tesla to transmit energy
wirelessly from a remote power station to homes
and factories without wires. Unfortunately, this
has never been realized with any level of
efficiency. However, there are several programs
still exploring the possibilities.

“Power can be, and at no distant date will be,

transmitted without wires, for all commercial
uses, such as the lighting of homes and the
driving of aeroplanes. I have discovered the
essential principles, and it only remains to
develop them commercially. When this is done,
you will be able to go anywhere in the world —
to the mountain top overlooking your farm, to
the arctic, or to the desert — and set up a little
equipment that will give you heat to cook with,
and light to read by.” Nikola Tesla, The American
Magazine, April 1921

Some contenders have been lasers, microwaves,

infrared, and our project for this tutorial,
resonant electromagnet coupling.
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In this tutorial, we will couple a very moderate

amount of power from a transmitter running at
about 260kHz to a receiver that will charge a
battery and feed a USB charger.

PROJECT DIAGRAM

OSCILLATOR DESCRIPTION
The oscillator runs at about 260kHz. This is
governed by the resonant frequency of the
tuned tank circuit made up of L1 and the
parasitic C of the transistor, which is several
thousand pF. The frequency is expressed as:
L1 is 20t on an 11-cm or 4.5-inch former, center-
tapped at 10t giving an inductance of about
80uH, which will resonate with C at about
260kHz.

The transistor I used is an RF type, but it needn’t

be that fancy. However, we require a small
heatsink as it runs quite hot. I ran it at 9V, and it
worked best there. I found it by varying the drive
to the transistor with R2. The effective
capacitance was varied, resulting in the ability to
shift the frequency slightly. This is great as we
can adjust it to match the resonant frequency of
the receiving coil and thus, improve the
efficiency.

The transmitter draws 1A at 12V or 12W.

Transmitter

THE RECEIVER
Below is an example of the simplest receiver.

The coil is a similar 18-turns, center-tapped on an

11-cm former. As the LED D1 is a rectifier in itself,
it works at AC here. When the coils are close and
tuned for resonance, the LED lights proving
power has been transferred. However, as the
power in the LED is the voltage across it (about
2.3V) and the current flowing through it (about
20mA judging from the brightness), the power
transferred is V*A = 2.3 * 20E-3, which is only
46mW. Considering there is 12W going in, the
efficiency is 0.046/12 = 0.38%.

So now, we can see why Nicola Tesla’s ideas still

have a long way to go!

A BATTERY CHARGER AND USB

5V OUTPUT
Shown below is a more complex circuit. Instead
of the LED, we use a TP4956 Li-ion battery
charger module which can work from 1V to 7V
input and charge the battery.

The battery, in turn, feeds an 80538 module

which converts the 3.7V of the battery to 5V for
the USB output. D2 is a 6V Zener as the TP4956
has a max input of 7V.

WORKING LASH-UP OF THE

ABOVE CIRCUIT

USES OF WIRELESS POWER

Although the dream of kilowatts of power
arriving in your home wirelessly has not yet
materialized, there are many other uses for
wireless transmissions.
We already have cell phone charging stations
where the phone has a built-in receiver, and you
just have to place it on top of a charging pad.
Devices used by divers like torches need to be
very waterproof indeed, needing to sustain
pressures of up to 100 bar. But having sockets for
battery chargers makes the devices much
harder to protect, so wireless charging is perfect
for this case.

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Doctors implant devices under the skin in some

medical applications and require surgical
removal to replace the battery. Once again, here
comes wireless charging to the rescue.
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