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Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

Chapter 11
Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis
1. a. Two-tailed test
b. Reject Ho if z < −2.054 or z > 2.054
102 − 99
z=
52 6 2
+
c. 2.587, found by 40 50
d. Reject Ho
e. p = 0.0096, found by 2(0.5000 – 0.4952) (LO11-1)

2. a. One-tailed test
b. Reject Ho if z > 1.405
2.67 − 2.59
z=
(0.75) 2 (0.66) 2
+
c. 0.607 found by 65 50
d. Fail to reject Ho
e. p = 0.2709, found by 0.5000 – 0.2291 (LO11-1)

3. Step 1: Ho: Gibbs  Competitor H1: Gibbs < Competitor

Step 2: The 0.05 significance level was chosen
Step 3: Use a z-statistic as both population standard deviations are known.
Step 4: Reject Ho if z < –1.645
7.6 − 8.1
z=
(2.3) 2 (2.9) 2
+
Step 5: −0.936, found by 40 55
Fail to reject Ho.
Step 6: Babies using the Gibbs brand did not gain less weight. The p-value is 0.1736 found by
0.5000 – 0.3264 (LO11-1)

4. Step 1: Ho: c = p H1: c  p

Step 2: The 0.05 significance level was chosen
Step 3: Use a z-statistic as both population standard deviations are known.
Step 4: Reject Ho if z < –1.96 or z > 1.96
370 − 380
z=
(30) 2 (26) 2
+
Step 5: −1.532, found by 35 40
Fail to reject Ho. (LO11-1)
Step 6: There is no difference in the mean number of miles traveled per month for PNC Inc.
employees at Cincinnati and Pittsburg.

5. Step 1: Ho: men = women H1: men  women

Step 2: The 0.05 significance level was chosen
Step 3: Use a z-statistic as both population standard deviations are known.
Step 4: If z < -1.960 or z > 1.960, reject Ho.

11-1
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

11.5 - 7.0
Step 5: z= = 17.925
(1.2)2 (1.1)2
+
45 39
Reject the null.
Step 6: It is reasonable to conclude that men and women spend different amounts of time on
Facebook. The p-value is much than 0.001, virtually zero. That much of a difference
could almost never be due to sampling error. (LO11-1)

6. Step 1: Ho: Union  Non-union H1: Union > Non-union

Step 2: The 0.02 significance level was chosen
Step 3: Use a z-statistic as both population standard deviations are known.
Step 4: If z > 2.054, reject Ho.
20.75 − 19.8
z= = 2.089
(2.25) 2 (1.9) 2
+
Steps 5: 40 45
Reject the null.
Step 6: It is reasonable to conclude union nurses earn more. The p-value is 0.0183, found by
0.5000- 0.4817. (LO11-1)

7. a. Reject Ho if t > 2.120 or t < −2.120 df = 10 + 8 – 2 = 16

(10 − 1)(4) 2 + (8 − 1)(5) 2
sp =
2
= 19.9375
b. 10 + 8 − 2
23 − 26
t= = −1.416
 1 1
19.9375  + 
c.  10 8 
d. Do not reject Ho.
e. From the t-table we estimate the p-value is greater than 0.10 and less than 0.20, using
software we can find the p-value is about 0.175.(LO11-2)

8. a. Reject Ho if t > 1.697 or t < −1.697 df = 17 + 15 – 2 = 30

(15 − 1)(12)2 + (17 − 1)(15)2
sp =
2
= 187.20
b. 15 + 17 − 2
350 − 342
t= = 1.651
1 1 
187.2  + 
c.  15 17 
d. Do not reject Ho.
e. From the t-table we estimate the p-value is greater than 0.10 and less than 0.20, using
software we can find the p-value is about 0.109. (LO11-2)

9. Step 1: Ho: Pitchers = Position Players H1: Pitchers ≠ Position Players

Step 2: The 0.01 significance level was chosen
Step 3: Use a t-statistic assuming a pooled variance with the standard deviation unknown.
Step 4: df = 12 + 13 – 2 = 23 Reject Ho if t is not between –2.807 and 2.807

11-2
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

(12 -1)(8.597)2 + (13-1)(8.578)2

s 2p = = 73.738
12 +13- 2
6.091-10.684
t= = -1.336
æ1 1ö
73.738 ç + ÷
è 12 13 ø

Step 5: Do not reject Ho.

Step 6: There is no difference in the mean salaries of pitchers and position players. (LO11-2)

10. Step 1: Ho: s  d H1: s > d

Step 2: The 0.01 significance level was chosen
Step 3: Use a t-statistic assuming a pooled variance with the standard deviation unknown.
Step 4: df = 15 + 12 – 2 = 25 Reject Ho if t > 2.485
(15 − 1)(15.5) 2 + (12 − 1)(18.1) 2
s 2p = = 278.69
Step 5: 15 + 12 − 2
61 − 48.4
t= = 1.949
1 1
278.69  + 
 15 12 
Do not reject Ho.
Step 6: There is no difference in the mean amount of time spent watching television between
single and dual earner couples. (LO11-2)

11. Step 1: Ho: s  a H1: s> a

Step 2: The 0.10 significance level was chosen
Step 3: Use a t-statistic assuming a pooled variance with the standard deviation unknown.
Step 4: df = 6 + 7 – 2 = 11 Reject Ho if t > 1.363
(6 − 1)(12.243) 2 + (7 − 1)(15.787) 2 Field Code Changed
s 2p = = 204.076
Step 5: 12 + 13 − 2
142.5 − 130.3 Field Code Changed
t= = 1.535
1 1
204.076 + 
6 7
Reject Ho.
Step 6: The mean daily expenses are greater for the sales staff. From the t-table we estimate
the p-value is between 0.05 and 0.10, using software we can find the p-value is about
0.076. (LO11-2)

12. Step 1: Ho: n  t H1: n > t

Step 2: The 0.01 significance level was chosen
Step 3: Use a t-statistic assuming a pooled variance with the standard deviation unknown.
Step 4: df = 12 + 8 – 2 = 18 Reject Ho if t > 2.552

11-3
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

(8 -1)(34.404)2 + (12 -1)(22.84)2 Field Code Changed

Step 5: s 2p = = 779.098
8 +12 - 2
1, 086.75 -1, 076.75 Field Code Changed
t= = 0.706
æ1 1 ö
779.098 ç + ÷
è 8 12 ø
Do not reject Ho.
Step 6: There is no difference in the mean salary of nurses and school teachers. From the t-
table we estimate the p-value is greater than 0.20, using software we can find the p-
value is about 0.243. (LO11-2)

(5 15 + 15 12 )
2 2 2

= 12 .96
(5 15) + (15 12 )
2 2 2 2

13. a. df = 12, found by 14 11

b. If t < -2.179 or t > 2.179, then reject Ho.
50 − 46
t= = 0.885
5 2 15 2
+
c. 15 12
d. You fail to reject the null hypothesis. (LO11-2)

(15 20 + 8 16 ) 2 2 2

= 30 .09
(15 20 ) + (8 16 )
14. a. df = 30, found by 2 2
2 2

19 15
b. If t > 1.697, then reject Ho.
100 − 94
c. t= = 1.536
15 2 8 2
+
20 16
d. You fail to reject the null hypothesis. (LO11-2)

15. Ho: Private  Public H1: Private > Public

(1545 18 + 835 16 )
2 2 2

= 26 .7
(1545 18) + (835 16 )
df = 26, found by 2 2
2 2

17 15
22,840 − 21,045
If t > 1.706, then reject Ho. t= = 4.276
15452 8352
+
18 16

11-4
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

Reject the null hypothesis and find evidence indicating the mean cost at a private agency is
larger. (LO11-2)

16. Ho:  Claiborne   Calvin Klein H1:  Claiborne >  Calvin Klein
(0.795 15 + 0.881 12 )
2 2 2

= 22 .5
(0.795 15) + (0.881 12 )
df = 22, found by 2 2
2 2

14 11
If t > 1.717, then reject Ho.
4.387 − 3.858
t= = 1.619
0.795 2 0.8812
+
15 12
You fail to reject the null hypothesis at the 5% level. (LO11-2)

17. Reject Ho if t > 2.353

12 (2 − 3) 2 + (3 − 3) 2 + (3 − 3) 2 + (4 − 3) 2
d= = 3.00 sd = = 0.816
4 4 −1
3 Field Code Changed
t= = 7.348
0.816 / 4
Reject the Ho. There are more defective parts produced on the day shift.
From the t-table we estimate the p-value is less than 0.005, but greater than 0.0005, using
software we can find the p-value is about 0.003. (LO11-3)

18. Reject Ho if t < −2.776 or t > 2.776

23
d= = 4.6
5

(4 − 4.6) 2 + (3 − 4.6) 2 + (5 − 4.6) 2 + (4 − 4.6) 2 + (7 − 4.6) 2

sd = = 1.5166
5 −1
4.6
t= = 6.782
1.5166 / 5
Reject the Ho. There is a difference in the mean number of citations given by the two officers.
From the t-table we estimate the p-value is less than 0.01, but greater than 0.001, using
software we can find the p-value is about 0.003. (LO11-3)

19. Step 1: Ho: d  0 H1:  d < 0

Step 2: The 0.05 significance level was chosen
Step 3: Use a t-statistic with the standard deviation unknown for a paired sample.
Step 4: Reject Ho if t < -1.796
− 25 .917
Step 5: 25.917 sd = 40.791 t= = −2.201
40 .791
12
Reject Ho.

11-5
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

Step 6: The incentive plan resulted in an increase in daily income. The p-value is about 0.025.
(LO11-3)

20. Step 1: Ho: d  0 H1: d > 0

Step 2: The 0.01 significance level was chosen
Step 3: Use a t-statistic with the standard deviation unknown for a paired sample.
Step 4: Reject Ho if t > 2.998
3.625 Field Code Changed
Step 5: d = 3.625 sd = 4.8385 t= = 2.119
4.8385
8
Do not reject Ho.
Step 6: There has not been a decrease in the number of crimes. From the t-table we estimate
the p-value is less than 0.05 but more than 0.025, using software we find the p-value is
about 0.036. (LO11-3)

21. H0: Men = Women H1: Men  Women Reject H0 if t < -2.645 or t > 2.645
(35 − 1)(4.48) 2
+ (40 − 1)(3.86) 2
s 2p = = 17.31
35 + 40 − 2
24.51 − 22.69
t= = 1.890
 1 1 
17.31 + 
 35 40 
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is no difference in the means.
From the t-table we estimate the p-value is between 0.05 and 0.10, using software we find the
p-value is about 0.063. (LO11-1)

22. Ho: Day  Night H1: Day < Night Reject Ho if z < −1.645
345 − 351
z= = −1.30
(21) 2 (28) 2
+
54 60
Fail to reject Ho. There is not enough evidence to conclude that more units are produced on the
afternoon shift. (LO11-1)

23. Ho: Clark = Murnen H1: Clark  Murnen Reject Ho if z < −1.96 or z > 1.96
4.77 − 5.02
z= = −1.04
(1.05) 2 (1.23) 2
+
40 50
Ho is not rejected. There is no difference in the mean number of calls. The p-value is 0.2984
found by 2(0.5000 – 0.3508).(LO11-1)

24. Ho: Regular  Decaf H1: Regular < Decaf Reject Ho if z < −2.326
4.35 − 5.84
z= = −5.44
(1.20) 2 (1.36) 2
+
50 40
Ho is rejected. The mean number of cups for regular coffee drinkers is less than decaffeinated
coffee drinkers. The p-value is almost 0, found by 2(0.5000 – 0.5000).(LO11-1)

11-6
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

25. Ho: A  B H1: A < B

(9200 2

40
+ 7100
2

30
)
2

= 67 .9
(9200 40 ) + (7100 30 )
df = 67, found by 2 2
2 2

39 29
57000 − 61000
Reject Ho if t < -1.668 t= = −2.053
92002 71002
+
40 30
Reject Ho. The mean income of those selecting Plan B is larger. From the t-table we estimate
the p-value is less than 0.025, using software we find the p-value is about 0.022. (LO11-1)

26. Ho: Software  Hardware H1: Software > Hardware

(
4 .2 2
35
+ 3 .9
2

45
) 2

= 70 .4
(4.2 35) + (3.9 45)
df = 70, found by 2 2
2 2

34 44
18 − 15.5
Reject Ho if t > 1.667 t= = 2.724
4.2 2 3.9 2
+
35 45
Reject Ho. Software issues take longer on average than hardware issues.
From the t-table we estimate the p-value is less than 0.005, using software we find the p-value
is about 0.004. (LO11-2)

27. Ho: iTunes = WinMX H1: iTunes ≠ WinMX

(
0.56 2
12
+ 0 .3
2

12
) 2

= 16 .8
( ) (0.3 12 )
df = 16, found by 2 2
0.56 2 2

12 +
11 11
1.65 − 2.2
Reject Ho if t < -2.120 or t > 2.120 t= = −2.999
0.56 2 0.32
+
12 12
You reject the null hypothesis the downloads are different. (LO11-2)

28. Ho: e-coupon = traditional H1: e-coupon ≠  traditional

(
10 .9 2
35
+ 4 .8
2

25
) 2

= 49 .8
(10.9 35) + (4.8 25)
df = 49, found by 2 2
2 2

34 24
33.6 − 39.5
If t < -2.680 or t > 2.680, then reject Ho. t= = −2.84
10.9 2 4.8 2
+
35 25

11-7
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

You reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative that e-coupon users are different than
traditional coupon users. (LO11-2)

29. Ho: n = s H1: n  s

(10.5 10 + 14.25 12 )
2 2 2

= 19 .8
(10.5 10 ) + (14.25 12 )
df =19, found by 2 2
2 2

9 11
83.55 − 78.8
Reject Ho if t < −2.093 or t > 2.093 t= = 0.899
10.5 2 14.25 2
+
10 12
Do not reject Ho. There is no difference in the mean number of hamburgers sold at the two
locations. (LO11-2)

30. Ho: 1 = 2 H1: 1  2

(13 .68 2
10
+ 6.71
14
2
) 2

= 12 .1
(13.68 10 ) ( )
df =12, found by 2 2
2
6.712
+ 14
9 13
83.8 − 79.29
Reject Ho if t > 1.782 or t < −1.782 t= = 0.964
13.682 6.712
+
10 14
Do not reject Ho. There is no difference in the mean number of hours for the two treatments.
(LO11-2)

31. Ho: Peach = Plum H1: Peach  Plum

(2.33 10 + 2.55 14)
2 2 2

= 20 .6
(2.33 10) + (2.55 14 )
df =20, found by 2 2
2 2

9 13
15.87 − 18.29
Reject Ho if t > 2.845 or t < −2.845 t= = −2.414
2.332 2.552
+
10 14
Do not reject Ho. There is no difference in the mean amount purchased at the 1% level.
(LO11-2)

32. Ho:  Little River =  Murrells Inlet H1:  Little River   Murrells Inlet

11-8
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

( )
2
4.282 + 2.70
2

10 12
= 14.644
( ) +( )
df =15, found by 2 2
4.282 2.70 2
10 12
9 11
26.90 - 25.25
Reject Ho if t > 2.131 or t < −2.131 t= = 1.056
4.282 2.70 2
+
10 12
Do not reject Ho. The mean waiting times are not different. (LO11-2)

33. Ho:  Under 25   Over 65 H1:  Under 25 >  Over 65

(2.264 8 + 2.461 11) 2 2 2

= 15 .953
Field Code Changed

(2.264 8 ) + (2.461 11)

df =15, found by 2 2
2 2

7 10
Reject Ho if t > 2.602
10.375 − 5.636 Field Code Changed
t= = 4.342
2 2
2.264 2.461
+
8 11
Reject Ho. Under 25 customers use ATMS more than Over 65 customers. (LO11-2)

34. Ho:  Prada =  Oracle H1:  Prada   Oracle

(
1.0563 2
10
+ 2.2079
2

12
) 2

= 16 .4
( ) (2.2079 12 )
df =16, found by 2 2
1.0563 2 2

10 +
9 11
Reject Ho if t > 2.120 or t < −2.120
12.17 − 14.875
t= = −3.759
1.05632 2.20792
+
10 12
Reject Ho. There is a difference in the mean race times. (LO11-2)

35. Ho:  Reduced   Regular H1:  Reduced >  Regular

Reject Ho if t > 2.650
X 1 =125.125 s1 = 15.094 X 2 = 117.714 s2 = 19.914
(8 − 1)(15.094) + (7 − 1)(19.914)
2 2
s 2p = = 305.708
8+7−2

11-9
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

125.125 − 117.714
t= = 0.819
1 1
305.708  + 
8 7
Ho is not rejected. We fail to reject the null hypothesis, finding no evidence that the reduced
price increased sales. (LO11-2)

36. Ho:  After -  Before =d  0 H1: d < 0

Reject Ho if t < −2.998
−2.5
d = −2.5 sd = 2.928 t= = −2.415
2.928 / 8
Do not reject Ho. There mean number of accidents has not been reduced. (LO11-2)

37. Ho:  Before -  After = d  0 H1: d > 0 Reject Ho if t > 1.895

1.75
d = 1.75 sd = 2.9155 t= = 1.698
2.9155 / 8
Do not reject Ho. We fail to find evidence the change reduced absences. Using the t-table we
estimate the p-value is less than 0.1 but greater than 0.05, using software we find the p-value
is about 0.067. (LO11-3)

38. Ho: d = 0 H1: d  0 Reject Ho if z < −1.761 or z > 1.761

− 246.333 Field Code Changed
d = −246.333 sd = 546.959 t= = −1.744
546.959 / 15
Do not reject Ho. There is no difference in the mean insurance price. (LO11-3)

39. Ho: 1 = 2 H1: 1  2

If t is not between −2.024 and 2.024, reject Ho.
(15 − 1)(40000) 2 + (25 − 1)(30000) 2
sp = = 1,157,894,737
2

15 + 25 − 2
150000 − 180000
t= = −2.699
1 1 
1,157,894,737 + 
 15 25 
Reject Ho, we find evidence the population means are different. (LO11-2)

40. Ho:  Without =  With H1:  Without   With

If t is not between −2.228 and 2.228, reject Ho.
(5 − 1)(1.73)2 + (7 − 1)(0.9)2 3 − 1.857
s 2p = = 1.683 t= = 1.505
5+7−2 1 1
1.683 + 
5 7
Do not reject Ho. We fail to reject that the ratings are the same with and without almonds.
(LO11-2)

41. Ho:  Before -  After = d  0 H1: d > 0 Reject Ho if t > 1.895

3.113 Field Code Changed
d = 3.113 sd = 2.911 t= = 3.025
2.911/ 8

11-10
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

Reject Ho. We find evidence the average contamination is lower after the new soap is used.
(LO11-3)

42. Ho: NYSE  NASDAQ H1: NYSE > NASDAQ Reject Ho if t > 1.323
(11-1)(5.1472) 2
+ (12 -1)(5.7638) 2
s 2p = = 30.0177
11+12 - 2
16.9700 -15.0325
t= = 0.8483
æ1 1ö
30.0177 ç + ÷
è 11 12 ø
Do not reject Ho. We cannot conclude the big board yields higher returns. (LO11-2)

43. Ho: Ocean Drive = Rio Rancho H1:  Ocean Drive  Rio Rancho
Reject Ho if t < -2.008 or t > 2.008.
(25 − 1)(23.43) 2 + (28 − 1)(24.12) 2
s 2p = = 566
25 + 28 − 2
86.2 − 92.0
t= = −0.886
 1 1 
566  + 
 25 28 

Do not reject the null hypothesis. It is reasonable to conclude there is no difference in the
mean number of cars in the two lots. (LO11-2)

6.3
44. Ho: d  0 H1: d > 0 t= = 2.258
12.48 / 20
Using software find the p-value is 0.018. For any significance level above 1.8% reject the null
hypothesis and conclude the percentage is less now than it was 5 years ago. (LO11-3)

45. Ho:  US 17 -  SC 707 = d  0 H1: d > 0

2 .8
Reject Ho if t > 1.711 d = 2.8 sd = 6.589 t= = 2.125
6.589
25

Reject Ho. There are on average more cars in the US 17 lot. (LO11-3)

46. Ho: 8-10 Year olds   11-14 Year olds H1:  8-10 Year olds <  11-14 Year olds
Reject Ho if t < -2.453
(15 − 1)(3.167) 2 + (18 − 1)(4.379) 2
s 2p = = 15.045
15 + 18 − 2
28.8 - 42.333
t= = -2.605
æ1 1ö
15.045ç + ÷
è 15 18 ø

11-11
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

Reject H0. The mean allowance for children in 11 to 14 year age group is more that for
children 8 to 10. Using the t-table we estimate the p-value is below 0.01, using software we
find it is about 0.007. (LO11-2)

47. a. A summary of the two-sample analysis of home price with and without a pool from
Minitab follows:

The result of the analysis is to fail to reject the null hypothesis that the mean home prices with and
without a pool are equal.

11-12
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

b. A summary of the two-sample analysis of home price with and without a garage from
Minitab follows:

The result of the analysis is to reject the null hypothesis that the mean home prices with and without a
garage are equal. The analysis indicates that the average price of a home with a
garage is much higher. Note that there may be other variables that help to explain this
difference.

11-13
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

c. A summary of the two-sample analysis of home price for mortgages in default and
not in default from Minitab follows:

The result of the analysis is to fail to reject the null hypothesis that the mean home prices with
mortgages in default and not in default. (LO11-2)

11-14
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

48. a.

There may be no difference in the mean salaries by league as we fail to reject the null
hypothesis that the salaries are equal in the two leagues.

11-15
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

b.

Do not reject Ho. There may be no difference in the mean attendance by league as we fail to
reject the null hypothesis that attendance is equal in the two leagues.

11-16
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

c.

The hypothesis of a difference in the mean number of wins for the top ten and bottom ten salaried
teams is not rejected.

The hypothesis of a difference in the mean attendance for the top ten and bottom ten salaried teams is
rejected. The difference between the mean attendance is 837,711. (LO11-2)

11-17
Chapter 11 - Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

49.

The analysis rejects the null hypothesis that the mean maintenance costs for diesel and gasoline fueled
buses is equal. The data shows that the average cost of maintaining the diesel-
powered buses is much less than the maintenance cost for the gasoline powered buses.

11-18
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
372.
See the whole story of the pastor Fontaine and Maria
Kummerin, in Eynard.

373.
Barratier subsequently became minister to the French church
in Halle.

374.
See Note on p. 310.

375.
Barclay’s Apology, propp. v. and vi. § 27, p. 194. Fourth
Edition, 1701.

376.
Fox’s Journal, pp. 76-83.

377.
Fox’s Journal, vol. i. p. 130.

378.
Fox’s Journal, vol. i. pp. 109, 129, 232. Vaughan’s Hist. of
England under the House of Stuart, p. 539.

379.
Journal, vol. i. p. 95.

380.
Journal, p. 89. This theopathetic mysticism is emphatically
transitive. Every inward manifestation speedily becomes a
something to be done, a testimony to be delivered. The Quaker
is ‘exercised,’ not that he may deck himself in the glory of
saintship, but to fit him for rendering service, as he supposes,
to his fellows. The early followers of Fox often caricatured the
acted symbolism of the Hebrew prophets with the most profane
or ludicrous unseemliness. Yet stark-mad as seemed the
 fashion of their denunciations, their object was very commonly
some intelligible and actual error or abuse.

381.
Barclay’s Apology, propp. v. and vi. 16. Sewell’s History, p.
544. (Barclay’s Letter to Paets); also p. 646 (The Christian
Doctrine of the People called Quakers, &c., published 1693).
Compare J. J. Gurney’s Observations on the Distinguishing
Views and Practices of the Society of Friends, chap. i. p. 59.

382.
Koran.

383.
Let the reader consult his Enthusiasmus Triumphatus, or read
his caustic observations upon the Anima Magica Abscondita,
and his Second Lash of Alazonomastix. Among the high-flyers
of his day, there appear to have been some who spoke of
being ‘godded with God,’ and ‘Christed with Christ,’ much after
the manner of some of Eckart’s followers.

384.
‘But now seeing the Logos or steady comprehensive wisdom of
God, in which all Ideas and their respects are contained, is but
universal stable reason, how can there be any pretence of
being so highly inspired as to be blown above reason itself,
unlesse men will fancy themselves wiser than God, or their
understandings above the natures and reasons of things
themselves.’—Preface to the Conjectura Cabbalistica.

385.
See Norris’s Miscellanies (1699):
An Idea of Happiness: enquiring wherein the greatest
happiness attainable by Man in this Life does consist, pp. 326-
341.
386.
Miscellanies, p. 276 (in a Discourse on Rom. xii. 3), and p. 334.

387.
Norris says, in his Hymn to Darkness—

‘The blest above do thy sweet umbrage prize,

When cloyed with light, they veil their eyes.
The vision of the Deity is made
More sweet and beatific by thy shade.
But we poor tenants of this orb below
Don’t here thy excellencies know,
Till death our understandings does improve,
And then our wiser ghosts thy silent night-walks love.’

In the writings of Henry More we can see, by a notice here and

there, how Quakerism looked in the eyes of a retired scholar,
by no means indiscriminately adverse to enthusiasm. The word
enthusiasm itself, he always uses more in the classical than
the modern sense. ‘To tell you my opinion of that sect which
are called Quakers, though I must allow that there may be
some amongst them good and sincere-hearted men, and it
may be nearer to the purity of Christianity for the life and power
of it than many others, yet I am well assured that the generality
of them are prodigiously melancholy, and some few perhaps
possessed with the devil.’ He thinks their doctrine highly
dangerous, as mingling with so many good and wholesome
things an abominable ‘slighting of the history of Christ, and
making a mere allegory of it,—tending to the utter overthrow of
that warrantable though more external frame of Christianity
which Scripture itself points out to us.’ Yet he takes wise
occasion, from the very existence of such a sect, to bid us all
look at home, and see that we do not content ourselves with
the mere Tabernacle without the Presence and Power of God
therein.—Mastix, his Letter to a Friend, p. 306.
388.
See Swedenborg’s True Christian Religion, chap. iv.

389.
See E. Swedenborg, a Biography, by J. G. Wilkinson, p. 99; a
succinct and well-written account of the man, and the best
introduction to his writings I have met with.

390.
Wilkinson, pp. 187, 118.

391.
Wilkinson, pp. 79, 130.

392.
Heaven and Hell, § 360.

393.
True Christian Religion, § 796.

394.
See the description of the heavenly palaces, of divine worship
in heaven, and of the angelic employments, Heaven and Hell,
§§ 183, 221, 387. True Christian Religion, §§ 694, 697. Also
concerning marriages in heaven, Heaven and Hell, §§ 366-
386.

395.
Heaven and Hell, §§ 329-345.

396.
True Christian Religion, chap. vi. 6, 7; Heaven and Hell, § 592.

397.
True Christian Religion, chap. ii. 1-7. I give here Swedenborg’s
idea of the evangelical theology. See especially §§ 132-135,
where he represents himself as correcting the false doctrine of
certain spirits in the other world concerning the Divine Nature.
398.
Goethe:

Held our eyes no sunny sheen,

How could sunshine e’er be seen?
Dwelt no power divine within us,
How could God’s divineness win us?

399.
See F. H. Jacobi, Von den Göttlichen Dingen und ihrer
Offenbarung (1811), where the principles of the Faith-
Philosophy are expounded, though after a desultory, disjointed
manner:—more especially pp. 70-93.

400.
To Schleiermacher the theology of his country owes great and
lasting obligation for having led the intellectual promise of his
time to a momentous crisis of transition. His genius at once
kindled the enthusiasm of youth, and allowed a space to its
scepticism. As much opposed as Hamann or Jacobi to the
contemptuous Rationalism which then held the scorner’s chair,
he did not, like them, couch a polemic lance against
philosophy. But real and important as was his advance beyond
the low and superficial anti-supranaturalism which preceded
him, the followers of Schleiermacher found it impossible to rest
where he did. From among his pupils have sprung the greatest
names in this generation of German divines, and they have
admitted, with scarcely an exception, that he conceded so
much for the sake of peace as to render his position untenable.
Their master led them to an elevation whence they discerned a
farther height and surer resting-place than he attained. For a
more detailed account of Schleiermacher and his theological
position, the reader is referred to an article by the Author in the
British Quarterly Review for May, 1849.
401.
The principles of the genuine Romanticism (as distinguished
from its later and degenerate form) are ably enunciated by
Tieck, in a comic drama, entitled Prince Zerbino; or, Travels in
Search of Good Taste. One Nestor, a prosaic pedant, who
piques himself on understanding everything, and on his
freedom from all enthusiasm and imaginative nonsense, is
introduced into the wondrous garden of the Goddess of Poesy.
There he sees, among others, Dante and Ariosto, Cervantes
and Sophocles. He complains of not finding Hagedorn, Gellert,
Gesner, Kleist, or Bodmer; and the Goddess then points him
out—as a true German bard—stout old Hans Sachs. Dante
appears to him a crusty old fogie; Tasso, a well-meaning man,
but weak; and Sophocles, whom he was disposed to respect
as a classic, when blamed for the obscurity of his choruses,
turns upon him like a bear. The conceited impertinence, the
knowing air, and the puzzle-headedness of the Philistine, are
hit off to admiration. This Garden of Poesy seems to him a lair
of savages, an asylum for lunatics, where all his smug
conventionalisms are trampled on, and every canon of his
criticism suffers flagrant violation. Genii take him away, and
give him something substantial to eat—earth to earth. The
tables and chairs begin to talk to him. They congratulate
themselves on being delivered from their old free life in the
woods, and cut out into useful articles of furniture, so fulfilling
the purpose of their being. He gets on much better with them
than with the poets, and thinks them (himself excepted) the
most sensible creatures in the world.

402.
See Julian Schmidt, Geschichte der Deutschen National
Literatur im 19n Jahrhundert, th. I. c. vi.

403.
Schmidt, p. 60.
404.
Novalis, Schriften, th. ii. pp. 152, 159, 221.

405.
Ibid., p. 158.

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