REASONS: End Exam 2019

1. Early maturity is an important breeding objective in field crops because, it can lead to increased yields,
farm income, and reduced risk of crop losses. Early maturing varieties can mature before the end of the
growing season, before a dry spell, or before pests and diseases attack.

2. Conservation of wild species is prerequisite of crop breeding because, they contain higher genetic diversity
than crops and harbour traits that can improve crop resilience and yield through plant breeding. Wild species
provide genetic resources that are necessary to breed crops that are more resistant to climate change, pests,
diseases, drought, salinity and other stresses.

3. In asexually propagated crops, selection starts from the F1 generation because, the F1 generation is the
only generation that is heterozygous and also segregation take place. Heterozygosity is important for selection
because it allows for the expression of recessive traits. Recessive traits are often desirable traits, such as
resistance to pests and diseases.

4. Breeding for shattering resistance in mustard is desirable because, shattering can lead to significant crop
losses, make it difficult to harvest, and reduce the quality of mustard seeds, It is necessary to breed the
varieties in which siliquae hold the seed for sufficient time after maturity
5. Hilly regions are ideal for potato hybridization because, they have cooler temperatures, more sunlight,
well-drained soils, and less crowded conditions. These factors help to ensure that the pollen does not dry out,
that the plants get enough sunlight to produce flowers, and that the plants have enough space to grow and
develop.

6. Lucerne is considered as a “Queen of Fodder” Because, it is nutritious, can be grown in many places, and
can be used for many animals. It is also drought-tolerant and resistant to pests and diseases. It is a good source
of slow release carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins. It contains between 15 and 22 per cent crude
protein on a dry matter basis, as well as all the macro- and trace minerals and all the fat- and water-soluble
vitamins making it suitable for feeding to animals.

7. Flowering is undesirable in commercial canes because, Plant stops growing and matures rapidly after the
appearance of the flowering stalk , Reduction in cane and sugar yield as the food is diverted towards growing
inflorescence, Sugarcane stalk becomes hollow.

8. Onion is a cross pollination crop because, It is a protandrous crop, which means that the anthers release
pollen before the stigma becomes receptive that preventing the self-pollination and it has sticky and wet
pollen, which cannot be dispersed by wind or gravity, but requires insect vectors for pollination.
 Extra Reasons
1. In nature, polyploid wheat performs as diploid due to a mutation in 'ph' gene (dominant gene) on
chromosome 5B, which inhibits pairing between homologous chromosomes. Floral biology

2. Fresh pollen is is requiring in wheat during crossing because, Pollen remains viable for a very short period,
usually not more than 1-3 minutes. Therefore, fresh pollen is essential for obtaining good seed set when
making crosses.

3. Chickpea is self pollinated crop because, The anthers dehisce about forty hours before the opening of the
flowers and Cleistogamy has also been recorded.

4. Sun flower is highly cross pollinated crop because, it is protoandrous in nature and there is 10 to 12 hrs
difference in maturation of male and female elements.

5. In India Flowering of Potato don’t take place in plains because, it is photoperiodically long day plants and
require long days and short nights for their flowering, but more than 90 per cent of the potato growing area in
India is in plains and in rabi season when the day lengths are shorter. Therefore, the flowering does not take
place in the plains.
6. Emasculation is not done in sugarcane because, Due to small and large number of flowers on arrows and
tall plant height emasculation is not practicable.

7. Sugarcane is highly heterozygous because, due to high chromosome number and complex ploidy levels (due
to hybridization of several genomes).

8. Photoperiod is an important factor for flowering in sugarcane because, It flowers all the year round at
equator, where day length is constant for 12 hours. Warm nights, humid conditions and high rainfall favours
flowering, while cool weather and high altitude where the day length varies affecting the flowering.

9. The maintenance or conservation of hybrid vigour is easy in sugarcane Because, in sugarcane there is no
sexual reproduction and hybrid vigour is best maintained in asexual reproduction which is done in sugarcane.

10. Sugarcane breeding work carried out at Coimbatore not at lucknow Because, Warm nights, humid
conditions and high rainfall favours flowering, While cool weather and high altitude where the day length
varies, affecting the flowering. Hence all breeding activities has been carried out at Coimbatore but not at
Lucknow.