`

COURSEOUTLI
NEPAPER245/
4

SECTI
ONA:SEX,
MARRI
AGEANDFAMI
LY

(
A)SEX

a.Cont
ent
s/v
aluesofsext
oday

b.Af
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
under
standi
ngofsex

c.Sour
cesofsexeducat
ionI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety[
way
showsexeducat
ion
wast
ransmi
tt
edi
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
]

d.I
mpor
tanceofsexeducat
ioni
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on

e.Sour
cesofsexeducat
ioni
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on

f
. Howt
hey
out
hcomet
oknowaboutsext
oday

g.Chal
l
engespar
ent
sandot
herel
der
sinsoci
etyf
acei
ntr
yingt
oimpar
tsex
educat
iont
othey
out
h

h.Fact
orsl
eadi
ngt
oper
missi
venessi
nsoci
ety

i
. Char
act
eri
sti
cs/mani
fest
ati
ons/i
ndi
cat
ors/si
gnsofaper
missi
vesoci
ety

j
. HowaChr
ist
iancanhel
preducet
hedanger
sofper
missi
veness

k.Maj
orcasesofsexmi
susei
nsoci
ety

l
. Mai
ncausesofsexmi
suse

m.Maj
ori
mpactofsexmi
suse

n.Sol
uti
onst
osexmi
suse

o.Whyt
her
ewer
eli
mit
edcasesofsexdev
iat
ionsI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
(
ATS)

p.Thegener
albi
bli
cal
teachi
ngaboutsex

CASESTUDI
ESOFSEXDEVI
ATI
ONS

1.Pr
e-mar
it
alsex(
For
nicat
ion)
`
(
a)Causesandef
fect
soff
orni
cat
ion

(
b)Howt
hegi
rl
-boyr
elat
ionshi
pshoul
dbest
abi
l
ized

(
c)Sol
uti
onst
ofor
nicat
ion

2.Pr
ost
it
uti
on

(
a)Causesanddanger
sofpr
ost
it
uti
on

(
b)Casesofpr
ost
it
uti
oni
nthebi
ble

(
c)Chr
ist
iansol
uti
onst
opr
ost
it
uti
on

(
d)Whypr
ost
it
uti
onshoul
dbel
egal
i
zed

(
e)Ext
entt
owhi
chpr
ost
it
uti
oni
sanecessar
yev
il

3.RapeandDef
il
ement

(
a)Causesandi
mpact

(
b)Howt
oreducer
apeanddef
il
ement

(
c)Ther
oleoft
hecour
tsofl
awi
npr
omot
ingr
apeanddef
il
ement

4.Adul
ter
y

(
a)Causesandef
fect
s

(
b)Sol
uti
onst
oAdul
ter
y

(
c)Bi
bli
cal
teachi
ngonAdul
ter
y

5.Abor
ti
on

(
a)Causes(
Just
if
icat
ionofabor
ti
on0

(
b)Danger
sofabor
ti
on

(
c)Chr
ist
ianar
gument
sagai
nstabor
ti
on

6.Homosexual
it
yandLesbi
ani
sm

(
a)Just
if
icat
ionsf
orhomosexual
i
tyandLesbi
ani
sm

(
b)Sol
uti
onst
ohomosexual
i
tyandl
esbi
ani
sm

(
c)Thebi
blet
eachi
ngonbot
hvi
ces.

7.Mast
urbat
ion
`
(
a)Causesandef
fect
s

(
b)Sol
uti
onst
omast
urbat
ion

8.Beast
il
it
y

(
a)Causesandef
fect
s

(
b)Sol
uti
ons

9.I
ncest

(
a)Causesandout
comes

(
b)Sol
uti
ons

10.
Sugarmummyandsugardaddyr
elat
ionshi
p

(
a)Causesanddanger
s

(
b)Sol
uti
onst
otheabov
erel
ati
onshi
p.

Thebi
blet
eachi
ngonsex

Ther
oleofwest
erncul
tur
eandt
hecust
omar
ybehav
iour
stowar
dst
hespr
eadof
HI
V/AI
DS

SEX

Sexi
sast
ateofbei
ngamal
eorf
emal
e.

Ori
tisabi
ologi
caldi
ff
erencet
hatexi
stsbet
weenmal
eandf
emal
eforpur
poseof
compl
eti
ngeachot
her
.

I
not
herwor
ds,
iti
sthei
nti
mat
ephy
sical
uni
onbet
weenmal
eandf
emal
eor
gans.

THEPURPOSEOFSEX

 Sexcanbeusedf
orst
abi
l
ityoft
hef
ami
l
y.I
tisonl
ythr
oughsext
hataf
emal
ecan
r
emai
nst
abl
ewi
thnodi
sagr
eementbet
weenhusbandandwi
fe.

 Sexi
sforpr
o-cr
eat
ion.Godcommandedmant
opr
o-cr
eat
eaccor
dingt
otheGenesi
s
t
eachi
ngsandt
hisi
snott
obeachi
evedwi
thoutsexpl
ayi
ng.

 Sexi
sasi
gnt
oindi
cat
eone’
sinnerf
eel
i
ng.Thati
stosay
,hemanandwomanshow
`
l
ovet
ooneanot
hert
hroughsexpl
ayi
ng.

 Sexcanbeusedf
orenj
oymentofl
eisur
e.Thi
sisacommonchar
act
eri
sti
camongt
he
y
out
hwhowantt
oenj
oyt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
mei
nthemostj
oyf
ulway
s.

 Sexcanbeusedbypeopl
east
hewayofsecur
ingj
obs.Thi
siscommonl
ycar
ri
edout
bywomenwhoacceptt
ohav
esexwi
thmen(
tohav
esexwi
thempl
oyer
swhopr
omi
se
j
obonl
yaf
tersexpl
ayi
ngwi
tht
hem)

 Sexi
sasi
gnofcompani
onshi
p.I
not
herwor
dsi
tist
hroughenj
oyi
ngsexaspar
tner
s
t
haty
oucanf
ull
yext
endcompani
onshi
ptooneanot
her
.

 Sexseal
smar
ri
ageorpr
event
sdi
vor
cecasesi
nthef
ami
l
y.Wher
ether
eissexpl
ayi
ng
amongpar
tner
sint
hef
ami
l
y,i
tisv
eryr
aret
ohearcasesofdi
vor
ce.

 Thr
oughsexact
ivi
ty,
somepeopl
ear
eabl
etopr
act
icet
hei
rmanhood.Thati
stopr
ove
whet
hert
heycanpr
oduceornot
.

 Sexenabl
esaper
sont
ocont
rolhi
s/herl
ust(
highsexdesi
res)whi
chcoul
dhav
eled
y
oui
ntocommi
tt
ingsi
nsl
i
kebest
ial
i
ty/
mount
ingonani
mal
.

TRADI
TIONALUNDERSTANDI
NGANDPRACTI
CEOFSEX

 Tr
adi
ti
onal
l
y,Af
ri
cansconsi
der
edsext
obeasecr
et‘
hol
y’andhadi
thi
ghest
eem.Any
f
orm ofi
tsabusewaspr
ohi
bit
edandpuni
shabl
e.Sexof
fencesi
ncl
udedf
orni
cat
ion,
homosexual
i
ty,
adul
ter
y,i
ncaseofawomanf
orexampl
eamongt
heBaki
gaofWest
ern
Uganda;
peopl
ewhoabusedsexwer
edr
awnatKi
sii
zif
all
s.

 Sexualor
ganswer
ehi
ghl
yrespect
edandr
efer
redt
obyni
cknamesf
orexampl
eamong
t
heBagandaofcent
ral
Bugandacal
l
edt
hem smal
lani
mal
s‘Akasol
o’.

 Sexwasr
est
ri
ctedt
oadul
tswhower
edi
rect
lyr
eadyf
ormar
ri
ageandsexbef
ore
mar
ri
agewasat
aboot
her
efor
esexi
nmar
ri
agewasnotshamel
ess.

 Sexof
fender
swer
eusual
l
ypuni
shedbydeat
horex-
communi
cat
ionori
sol
atedf
rom
soci
etyorcast
rat
edf
orexampl
eamongt
heBagandaofcent
ralBuganda,agi
rlwas
i
sol
atedf
rom f
ami
l
yandasmal
lgr
asst
hat
chedhousewasbui
l
tfort
hem att
heendof
herpar
ent
s’l
and.

 I
ncent
ralAf
ri
caagi
rlcoul
dbet
iedont
het
reeont
hef
orestandl
eftt
hei
rwi
l
dani
mal
s
t
oeat
.
`
 Ev
enaf
tert
hispuni
shmentr
it
ual
swer
eper
for
medt
ocl
eanset
hel
andofpeopl
eorel
se
godswoul
ddest
royt
hesoci
etyandmi
sfor
tunescoul
dbet
her
efort
hepeopl
efor
exampl
eamongpeopl
eofcent
ralUgandacal
l
edt
her
it
ual‘
amawemuki
rano’meani
ng
shame.

 Vi
rgi
nit
ywaspr
eser
vedunt
ilmar
ri
ageandr
ewar
dswer
egi
vent
othepar
ent
soft
he
gi
rl
sforkeepi
ngherwi
thgoodmor
als.Forexampl
e,amongt
heBaganda,t
hegi
rl
s’
par
ent
swoul
drecei
veagoati
nanappr
eci
ati
onofpr
otect
ionandgoodcar
eofagi
rl
howev
eri
n somecul
tur
esol
dvi
rgi
nwomenwer
eregar
ded asacur
seand t
hei
r
br
other
shadt
oar
rangemenf
ort
hem t
ohav
esexbef
oremar
ri
age.

 Sexwasexpect
edt
obebet
weenpeopl
eofopposi
tesex.Anyot
herf
orm sexwas
consi
der
edasanabuseandpuni
shabl
e.Forexampl
ehomosexual
i
ty,l
esbi
ani
sm was
notal
l
owed.

 Sexualact
ivi
ti
esandpl
ayi
ngsexwasal
onei
nlat
ehour
sandnoti
nthehear
ingof
chi
l
dren.

 Sexwasmeantf
orpr
ocr
eat
ion.I
twast
hroughsext
hatnew humanbei
ngswer
e
br
oughti
ntoexi
stencehencel
eadi
ngt
oexpansi
onoft
hecl
anandsoci
ety
.

 They
out
hwer
esy
stemat
ical
l
yandsecr
etl
yint
roducedi
ntosexual
l
ybr
oughti
nsexual
mat
ter
sbyuncl
es,
aunt
iesandt
hiswasmai
nlyt
hroughst
ory
-tel
l
ingandot
herpr
act
ices
l
i
keci
rcumci
sionamongeast
ernUgandai
nMbal
e.

 Themal
edomi
nat
edt
hef
emal
ebecauset
heycoul
dcont
ri
but
etosecur
it
yoft
he
soci
ety
. Womenwer
elef
tfordomest
icwor
kdeni
edsev
eralf
oodst
uff
sandwer
enot
al
l
owedt
otal
kinpubl
i
cgat
her
ingofel
der
s.

 Bot
hyoungandol
dwer
eadv
isedt
osi
tpr
oper
lyandcov
ert
hei
rsexual
organst
her
efor
e
i
twasat
aboof
orpr
ivat
epar
tst
obeexposed.

 Menwi
thhi
gh‘
l
ibi
do’
highsexual
desi
reswer
eal
l
owedt
omar
rymanywomen.

 I
twasasi
gnofhospi
tal
i
tyi
nsomet
ri
besl
i
keamongt
heBahi
maofwest
ernUganda,
t
hehostcoul
dgi
vei
nhi
swi
fet
othev
isi
tort
ospendt
heni
ghtt
oget
her
.“Okwal
ir
ir
ana”
i
nsomecasewher
eci
rcumst
ancesf
orcedt
hehusbandt
oleav
eawayf
rom hi
swi
fef
or
al
ongt
ime. Maybesi
ckness,war
s,i
mpr
isonmentar
rangement
swoul
dbemadef
or
hi
sbr
otheroracl
osef
ri
endt
ohav
esexuali
nter
cour
sewi
thhi
swi
fei
nor
dert
osat
isf
y
`
herandr
isechi
l
drenf
orhi
m.

 I
not
hersoci
eti
essexwasasi
gnofbr
other
-hoodness.Forexampl
e,amongt
heMasai
andBagi
sumember
soft
hesameagegr
oupwer
eent
it
ledt
osexualr
elat
ionshi
pswi
th
wi
vesoft
hei
rcol
l
eaguesf
rom t
hesameagegr
oup.

Quest
ions

Exami
net
het
radi
ti
onalAf
ri
canunder
standi
ngandpr
act
iceofsex.

SEXEDUCATI
ON

I
tref
erst
oway
sthr
oughwhi
chel
der
spassedonsexual
mat
ter
s.El
der
sincl
udeaunt
ies,
gr
andpar
ent
s,and uncl
es.

 Sexeducat
ionwascompul
sor
yatear
lyst
agesandmosti
mpor
tant
lyatpuber
tyst
age
bef
oremar
ri
aget
hey
out
hwer
egi
venadozeonmat
ter
sofsexeducat
ion.

 Sexeducat
ionmai
nlycent
eredonmor
als,r
ulesandr
esponsi
bil
i
tiesoft
hey
oungi
n
t
hei
rmar
ri
age.

 Sexeducat
ionwasr
egar
dedt
hroughr
iddl
es,
prov
erbs,
myt
hswhi
chwer
etol
dbyel
der
s
t
oyoungchi
l
drenatf
ir
epl
acest
oni
ght
. Thi
smai
nlyemphasi
zedsexadcl
eanness.

 Gi
rl
swer
eent
rust
edbyt
hei
raunt
iesandt
heycoul
dteacht
hem t
hei
rsexualr
olesand
pr
act
icel
i
kebehav
iour
stowar
dsopposi
tesex,cooki
ng,pr
opercar
eofchi
l
drenand
husband,
bei
ngappr
oachabl
e,r
eact
iont
osexual
react
ion.

 I
nit
iat
ionr
it
eswer
ecar
ri
edoutatpuber
tyst
agecandi
dat
eswoul
dthenbet
akent
o
separ
atear
easandbet
reat
edt
hei
rwoundsandt
aughtt
hem aboutsex.

 Boy
s and gi
rl
swho r
eached t
he adol
escent
sst
age wer
e separ
ated and sl
epti
n
di
ff
erentr
oomsandhouses. Theywer
edi
scour
agedi
ncl
osecont
actl
i
kehol
ding
handsorspendi
ngt
imei
nlonel
ylaces.Al
lthesemeasur
eswer
etopr
eventt
hem cases
ofi
ncest
.
`
 Pr
opersi
tt
ingwasemphasi
zedsoasnott
oexposet
hepr
ivat
epar
ts. Peepi
ngor
l
ooki
ngatsomeone’
sgeni
tal
swasr
egar
dedasabnor
malandmi
sfor
tunemayt
oo
sear
chaper
son.

 Tabooswer
eusedt
oscar
ethosewhohadi
ntent
ionsofengagi
ngi
npr
emar
it
alsex.
Theyr
emi
ndedt
hem t
hati
ftheydosot
heygetbur
nt.

 To i
nst
il
lsexualdi
sci
pli
ne among t
he y
out
h puni
shment
s wer
e gi
ven t
he sexual
of
fender
sdependi
ngont
hesexcommi
tt
ed.

 Vul
garl
anguagewasnotal
l
owedespeci
all
ywhenonewasr
efer
ri
ngt
opr
ivat
epar
ts
r
atherpet
tynameswer
eused.

 Di
sci
pli
newasamaj
orcomponentofsexeducat
ion.Thati
stosay
,youngpeopl
ewer
e
t
olddangerofsex.

 Maki
ngl
ovewast
hemaj
orcomponentofsexeducat
ionI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
.
Forexampl
egi
rl
swer
etol
dhow t
osat
isf
ythei
rhusbandsamongt
heBat
oor
oand
Bany
orogi
rl
swer
eadv
isedt
ogi
vechangest
ohusband. I
nBuganda,gi
rl
swer
e
adv
isedt
oputbeads(
Obut
it
i)ar
oundt
hewast
e.

 Boy
s’hy
gieneorheal
thwasemphasi
zedt
heywer
etaughthow t
ocl
eant
hei
rbodi
es
especi
all
ydur
ingadol
escencest
age. Forexampl
etheywer
eal
soadv
isedt
ocl
ean
t
hei
rbodi
esdur
ingmenst
ruat
ionper
iodatl
eastt
wiceaday
.

 Cl
osel
yrel
ated t
otheabov
eboy
sand gi
rl
swer
etol
dto cl
ean t
hei
rbodi
eswi
th
medi
cinel
i
ke‘
’
ebombo’
’whi
chwi
l
lbeusedt
opr
eventsmel
l
.

 Sexualr
oleswer
eident
if
iedt
oyoungonesdur
ingsexeducat
ionper
iods.Forexampl
e
i
nBant
utr
ibes,gi
rl
swer
eeducat
edont
hepr
act
iceofv
isi
ti
ngt
hebushwher
ethey
l
ear
nthowt
opul
lthecl
i
tor
is.

METHODSORWAYSOFTRANSMI
TTI
NGSEXEDUCATI
ONI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TION

1.Howwassexeducat
ionpassedov
ert
oyoungonesi
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on?

2.Di
scusst
hemet
hodsofsexeducat
ionI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
.

3.Anal
yset
heway
sthr
oughwhi
chsexeducat
ionwaspassedont
oyoungonesi
n
Af
ri
cant
radi
ti
on

Knowl
edgeconcer
ningsexi
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onwascompl
exandal
ongpr
ocessandi
t
`
wasev
eryone’
sresponsi
bil
i
tyi
nsoci
ety
.Thef
oll
owi
ngwer
esomeoft
heway
showsex
educat
ionwaspassedoni
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on;

 Chi
l
dgamesl
i
kehi
deandseekexposedy
oungonest
osex.Forexampl
egi
rl
shi
dei
n
dar
kcor
ner
sandboy
slookedf
ort
hem anduponseei
ngt
heycoul
dresol
veeachot
her
t
oext
entofexposi
ngpr
ivat
epar
ts.

 Ther
ewer
epoemsandr
iddl
eswhi
chassi
stedi
npassi
ngov
eri
nfor
mat
ionaboutsex.
Forexampl
einBugandat
her
ewasapopul
arpr
over
bthatsay
s‘‘
Lumondeomut
o
akul
i
rakumi
ggo’
’
.

 Rel
atedt
otheabov
ether
ewer
ecour
tshi
panddancesI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyas
anot
hermet
hodofpassi
ngov
ersexi
nfor
mat
ionf
orexampl
eamongt
heBat
oor
oof
west
ern Uganda,t
heyhadsongsanddancesofLuny
egeNt
ogor
odur
ingkadodi
dancef
orBagi
shul
i
ke(
Sit
aomwanaomwanababawe)

 I
twaspr
imar
il
yresponsi
bleofcl
oser
elat
ivesofAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyt
ogi
ve
knowl
edgeaboutsext
oyoungones.Forexampl
einBuganda,t
heaunt
iespassedon
sexeducat
iont
odaught
ersoft
hei
rbr
other
sbef
oremar
ri
age.

 Fi
repl
aceswer
eagoodav
enuef
ori
mpar
ti
ngsexeducat
iont
oyoungonesI
nAf
ri
can
t
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywhent
hepar
ent
soft
hesechi
l
drenwer
eseat
edar
oundf
ir
epl
aces
t
heycoul
drev
eal
knowl
edgeaboutsex.

 I
nit
iat
ionr
it
ual
swer
esour
ceofi
mpar
ti
ngeducat
iont
oyoungonesi
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on.
Forexampl
einBugandat
het
windances.

 Si
ncewor
kwasdonecommunal
l
yInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etypeopl
ewer
efr
eet
otal
k
aboutsexwhi
l
ewor
king.Forexampl
e,amongt
heBaki
gaofWest
ernUgandawomen
coul
dteachnewl
ymar
ri
edgi
rlt
opl
easet
hei
rhusbandsi
nbed.

 Bi
gsi
ster
s,br
other
sforexampl
e,el
dersi
ster
sinBusogacoul
dvi
sitt
hebushand
somet
imesassi
stt
hei
ryoungonest
obushschool
s.

 Par
ent
sinAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onr
eveal
edt
othei
rchi
l
drent
osexeducat
ioni
nfor
m of
abusi
ngt
hem asawayofpassi
ngonsexeducat
ion.Forexampl
emot
her
scoul
dtel
l
t
hem t
hatt
heyar
eli
ket
ogetpr
egnanti
ftheyl
ackdi
sci
pli
ne.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyy
oungonesal
sogett
oknow aboutsexaf
terseei
ng
ani
mal
sandbi
rdsmakenoi
sei
nsex.
`
 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etypeergr
oupsf
aci
l
itat
edsexeducat
ionwhenev
ergi
rl
sof
same age came t
oget
her
;theywoul
d exchange knowl
edge aboutsex of
fender
s
cont
rol
l
edi
mmor
ali
tyamongt
hey
out
h.

 They
oungwer
etol
dthei
rresponsi
bil
i
tiesaccor
dingt
osexandt
hismadet
hem r
eady
f
ormar
ri
age.

 They
oungpeopl
egett
oknowaboutt
hebi
ologi
cal
changesi
nthei
rli
vesdur
ingpuber
ty
st
agest
hroughsexeducat
ion.Forexampl
emenst
ruat
ioncy
cles,changei
nvoi
cesf
or
bot
hboy
sandgi
rl
sther
efor
ethi
sreducedst
ressamongt
hey
out
h.

 Sexeducat
ional
soassi
stedi
nav
oidi
ngcasesofunwant
edpr
egnancyt
her
efor
ewas
hi
ghl
yrespect
ed.

 Par
ent
sbenef
it
edi
nsexeducat
ionbyacqui
ri
nghi
ghdowr
yfr
om t
hei
rchi
l
drenwho
pr
eser
vedt
hei
rvi
rgi
nit
y.Thosewhol
ostt
hei
rvi
rgi
nit
ybef
oremar
ri
agewer
econsi
der
ed
assecondhandandcoul
dgetl
essdowr
y.

 Thr
oughsexeducat
iony
oungchi
l
drenwer
egi
vensext
echni
quest
obeusedi
nthei
r
f
utur
emar
ri
ageandt
hishel
pedt
hei
rmar
ri
agebest
abl
e.

 I
thel
pedy
oungpeopl
enotmi
susesexl
i
kei
nhomosexual
i
ty,
incestandmanyot
her
s

 Sexeducat
ionpr
omot
ed cl
eannessamong peopl
e.Forexampl
egi
rl
sdur
ing t
hei
r
menst
ruat
ioncy
cleswer
eadv
isedt
obat
htwi
ceadayt
oav
oidsmel
l
ing.

I
MPORTANCESOFSEXEDUCATI
ONI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TION

 Sexeducat
ionwascompul
sor
yInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etybecausei
tval
uedv
irgi
nit
y
andi
ndeedv
irgi
ngi
rl
sbr
oughtal
otofweal
th(
dowr
y)t
opar
ent
s.SoAf
ri
canel
der
s
madeal
lpossi
bleway
soft
eachi
ngchi
l
drenespeci
all
ygi
rl
sthedanger
sofpr
e-mar
it
al
sex. Sexi
ssueswer
esensi
ti
vel
yhandl
ed.

 Sexeducat
ionwasv
italbecausei
tdi
scour
agedmi
suseofsexi
nact
sli
kei
ncestand
homosexual
i
tyt
hatwer
egr
eat
lydi
scour
aged.

 Sexeducat
ionhel
pedt
ocont
roli
mmor
ali
tyi
nsoci
etyl
i
kef
orni
cat
ionandr
apet
oav
oid
unwant
edpr
egnancy
.

 I
twast
omai
ntai
nvi
rgi
nit
yamonggi
rl
swhi
chwasgr
eat
lyv
alued.Forexampl
eamong
t
heBany
oroandBat
oro,agi
rlwhol
ostherv
irgi
nit
ywoul
dbesentbackwi
thabar
k
`
cl
othwhi
chhadahol
eimpl
yi
ngi
twasasi
gnofdi
sgr
ace.

 Sexeducat
ionhel
pedt
oteachr
esponsi
bil
i
tiesr
egar
dingeachsex. Boy
swer
etaught
howt
ohandl
ewomenespeci
all
yinapol
ygamousf
ami
l
iesl
i
kewi
segi
rl
swer
etaughtby
t
heaunt
showt
omakeni
cebedandber
esponsi
blecer
emoni
ousl
yinsexual
act
s.

 I
tpr
ovi
dedsext
echni
quesi
nmar
ri
agesandt
rai
nyoungpeopl
eformar
ri
age. For
exampl
evi
sit
ingt
hebushamongt
heBaganda.

 I
twast
oteachy
oungpeopl
ehowt
obehav
etowar
dst
hei
rpar
ent
s.

 Sexeducat
ionI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
etyhel
pedt
ohav
epeopl
ewhoknowwhatt
odo
atar
ightt
imei
nther
ightpl
acewi
tht
her
ightpeopl
e.

 Sexeducat
ionhel
pedt
hechi
l
drent
oknoworl
ear
naboutt
hei
rcul
tur
albackgr
oundand
expect
edbehav
ior
s. Forexampl
eci
rcumci
sionamongt
heBagi
supeopl
e.

 Sexeducat
ionhel
pedchi
l
drent
opr
epar
einadv
ancehow t
ogoaboutt
hei
rbodi
l
y
changesast
heygr
ewf
orexampl
emenst
ruat
ionper
iod.

SOURCESOFSEXEDUCATI
ONTODAY

Howi
ssexeducat
ionpassed t
othey
out
hint
hepr
esentsi
tuat
ion?

 Sexeducat
ioni
str
ansmi
tt
edt
hrought
hei
deaofpr
act
icemakeper
fectbyi
nvol
vi
ngi
n
sexpr
act
ical
l
ybecauseofcur
iosi
ty.Youngpeopl
euset
ryander
rormet
hodofknowi
ng
aboutsexespeci
all
ychi
l
dreni
nschool
sandhi
gheri
nst
it
uti
ons.

 Somepeopl
ehav
ecomet
oknow aboutsext
odaybywat
chi
ngt
elev
isi
onpr
ogr
ams
concer
ningsexeducat
ionf
orexampl
einBugandapeopl
ecomet
oknowaboutsexby
wat
chi
ngcer
tai
ndr
amaspl
ayedi
ntheat
resandt
elev
isi
onsf
orexampl
ethehost
el,
sex
i
ntheci
ty.

 Thei
deaofbushschool
sitst
il
lbei
ngemphasi
zedamongt
heBant
utr
ibewher
egi
rl
s
ar
ebei
ngsensi
ti
zedbyt
hei
raunt
iesaboutsexeducat
ion.

 Todaymanypr
ogr
ammesar
ebei
ngor
gani
zedbydi
ff
erentsect
orst
oteachaboutsex
educat
ion.Forexampl
e“eki
sakat
e”or
gani
zedbyt
heQueenofBuganda“
Nabager
eka”
`
wher
eyoungboy
sandgi
rl
scomet
oknowaboutt
hei
rsexr
oles.

 Cul
tur
alcer
emoni
eshav
ebeenor
gani
zedt
oassi
stt
hey
oungonesknowaboutsexf
or
exampl
e‘embal
u’amongt
heBagi
shu.

 Sexeducat
ioni
staughtt
oyoungonesi
nschool
saspar
toft
hecur
ri
cul
um orcont
ent
ofsomesubj
ectl
i
kebi
ology
,li
ter
atur
eandsome-
ti
mesgener
alpaper
.

 Tosomeschool
shav
egoneonext
rami
l
esofhav
ingseni
orwomant
eacherwho
nor
mal
l
ydi
scusst
odowi
thsexonpar
ti
cul
arday
s.

 Rel
ati
vesandsomeel
der
sint
hesoci
etyst
il
lpl
ayani
mpor
tantr
olei
nimpar
ti
ngsex
educat
iont
othey
oungonesl
i
kei
nBuganda,aunt
ies,uncl
es,el
der
s,br
other
sar
est
il
l
usedt
othi
s.

 Ther
ear
esomenon-
gov
ernmentor
gani
zat
ionswi
tht
rai
nedcounsel
orswhot
each
y
oungpeopl
ehowt
odealwi
thsex. Theynor
mal
l
yvi
sitschool
s.Forexampl
est
rai
ght
t
alkcl
ubs,
truel
ovewai
tsandmanyot
her
s

 Themedi
abot
hinputel
ect
roni
chousecont
ri
but
edt
osexeducat
iont
houghpr
int
ingt
he
newspaper
s,t
hei
nter
net
,radi
oandt
elev
isi
onpr
ogr
ammes.

 Todaysexi
snol
ongerapr
ivat
ebecauset
heenv
ironmenti
simmor
alwhi
chmakes
peopl
eknowaboutsex. Forexampl
edesi
reLuzi
ndaamusi
cianendedpost
ingnude
pi
ctur
eswhi
chwast
hesi
gnofi
mmor
ali
ty.

 Si
ncewear
eli
vi
ngaper
missi
vesoci
etyy
oungpeopl
ehav
ebeenexposedt
osexata
t
enderagel
i
kei
nur
bancent
erswher
epeopl
ewat
chsexwi
tht
hei
rmot
her
sli
kebi
g
br
otherwher
etheypl
aysexi
npubl
i
c.

 Sexeducat
ioni
spassedov
erbypeergr
oupswhot
alkaboutsexi
ndor
mit
ori
esand
di
scusst
ipsofmaki
ngl
ove.Forexampl
ein2005ay
ounggi
rlwassuspendedi
na
cat
hol
i
cschoolbecauseshewascaughtt
ell
i
ngherf
ri
endsi
nthedor
mit
oryt
hatey
es
mustbecl
osedwhenki
ssi
ngbecausel
ovei
sbl
i
nd.

CHALLENGESPARENTSORELDERSFACEWHENPASSI
NGONSEXEDUCATI
ON

 Par
ent
sar
erel
uct
antt
oeducat
ethei
ryoungonesaboutsexandsexual
i
ty.Theyspend
muchoft
hei
rti
meatwor
kpl
acesi
nthatt
heyar
eundert
hecont
rol
ofhousegi
rl
s.
`
 Thehi
ghl
evel
sofpov
ert
y.Becausemanypeopl
ear
etoopoorandal
way
ssear
chf
or
av
enueofsur
viv
al,i
tbecomeshar
dtoconv
incepeopl
eincl
udi
ngy
oungonest
oav
oid
act
ingadul
ter
y.

 I
nfl
uenceofmassmedi
a:t
heseputt
hemi
ndoft
hey
oungonesi
ntof
il
msofdoi
ng
someoft
hepr
act
iceswhatt
heyseeorr
eadabouthencebecomi
nganobst
acl
e.

 Gr
eatper
missi
venessi
nthesoci
etyt
odayi
suncont
rol
l
edbecauseoft
heweaksoci
ety
l
awsi
nsoci
etywher
epeopl
ewantt
odowhatt
heywantwhenev
ert
heywantatany
time
wi
thoutf
ear
ingt
heout
comes.Forexampl
esomepeopl
ewhoar
eindi
sgr
acechi
l
dren
byki
ssi
ngoneanot
heri
npubl
i
c.

 I
mpactofshy
nesswhi
chcomesf
rom bot
hteacher
sandpar
ent
swhoar
esuppor
tedt
o
ext
endt
hemessageoft
hey
out
htendt
ofeart
otal
kaboutsexuali
ssuest
owar
dst
he
y
oungones.

 I
gnor
ancei
sabi
gobst
acl
einext
endi
ngsexeducat
ion.Manypar
ent
sinact
ualsense
whoar
esupposedt
oteachchi
l
drensexeducat
ionar
eignor
antaboutwhatt
heyar
e
supposedt
oteach.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofpeergr
oupsespeci
all
yinschool
swhent
hey
out
htal
kmor
eabout
sexual
issues.Theyeducat
ear
eanot
heraboutmaki
ngl
oveaf
fai
rs.I
tbecomeshar
dfor
t
eacher
stochangehi
s/hermi
nd.

 Hi
ghcur
iosi
ty(
great
)lov
etoknowaboutsexhasal
somadei
tdi
ff
icul
tfort
eacher
sof
sexeducat
iont
oconv
incet
hey
oungonest
oav
oidsexualr
elat
edi
ssuesunt
ilt
het
ime
ofmar
ri
age.

 Gener
ati
ongap,t
hey
out
htodayt
endt
ogi
vel
i
ttl
eat
tent
iont
oadv
iceoft
heel
der
s
say
ingt
hatt
heymov
ewi
thchangeofgl
obal
wor
ld.

 Low l
evel
stowar
dsr
eli
gionwhi
chpeopl
eupt
otodayhav
eal
sopr
ovedi
nthesoci
ety
t
hati
sthebasi
cobst
acl
e.Ver
yfew peopl
ehav
efeart
owar
dsal
might
yGodsot
hey
don’
tgi
veachancet
owar
dst
eacher
sofsexeducat
ion.

 Hi
ghi
nfl
uenceofpor
nogr
aphi
cmat
eri
alswher
ethey
out
hwat
chbl
uemov
ieshav
e
madet
hewor
kofext
endi
ngsexeducat
iont
othey
oungones.

 Thel
awat
ti
tudesoft
het
radi
ti
onalcust
omsandbel
i
efsI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
.
I
twaseasyf
ort
heel
der
stot
eacht
hey
oungaboutsexeducat
ionbecausepeopl
e
`
r
espect
ed so much t
hei
rtr
adi
ti
ons pr
ohi
bit
ing i
nvol
vi
ng i
n sexualact
ions bef
ore
mar
ri
age.I
nsomesoci
eti
esi
twasev
enpuni
shabl
ebydeat
h.Howev
ert
odayi
tisa
shamet
oment
iont
hatonei
sav
irgi
natt
heageof18andabov
e.

PERMI
SSI
VENESSI
NSOCI
ETY

Thi
smeansaki
ndofsoci
etywher
epeopl
edowhat
evert
heywantt
othei
rownwi
l
l
wi
thoutnecessar
il
ypot
ti
ngat
tent
iont
otheexi
sti
ngl
awort
henor
msandcust
oms.I
n
manywor
dst
hissoci
etyhav
easay
ingt
hat“
ifIam enj
oyi
ngi
t”
.Inot
herwor
dst
his
soci
etyi
sassoci
atedwi
thal
otofr
ebel
l
ionsagai
nstt
heexi
sti
ngaut
hor
it
y.

FACTORSLEADI
NGTOPERMI
SSI
VENESSI
NSOCI
ETY

 Thei
nfl
uenceofpor
nogr
aphy
:manyt
imest
hey
out
hwhohav
ebeenexpr
essedt
othe
por
nogr
aphi
cmat
eri
als.
Forexampl
ebl
uemov
ies,l
i
ter
atur
e;hav
edev
elopedsexual
i
nst
inct
swhi
chmakei
tbadf
ort
hepar
ent
stogui
det
hem.Theyar
efoundt
obehav
e
sexual
l
ythewayt
heywant
.

 Thedecl
i
nei
nrel
i
giousv
aluesi
nsoci
etyt
oday
;ther
eisal
otofl
aizf
arel
i
feamongt
he
y
out
hbecauset
heyhav
egi
venl
i
ttl
eat
tent
iont
oGod.Manyoft
hem ev
ensayGodi
s
nott
her
esot
heygr
ewupwi
thacul
tur
eofr
ebel
l
iousness.Thedecl
i
nei
nthet
radi
ti
onal
cust
omsandnor
ms.I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on,t
hey
out
hbehav
edsowel
lbecauset
hey
obser
ved st
ri
ctl
ythecust
om and nor
ms.I
n Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,they
out
h
behav
edwel
lbecauset
heyobser
vedst
ri
ctl
ythecust
omsandf
orbr
eaki
ngasi
ngl
e
cust
omsbutt
odayev
enr
elat
ivesmar
ryt
hemsel
veshenceshoei
ngal
awl
essness
soci
ety
.

 The separ
ati
on ofeducat
ion f
rom r
eli
gion.St
udent
stodaybehav
eso per
missi
ve
becauset
hest
udy
ingsy
ll
abushassomehowbeensepar
atedf
rom r
eli
giousst
udi
es.To
somewhost
udysci
encet
oomucht
heyev
enopposedt
heexi
stenceofGodast
he
cr
eat
orofheav
enandear
th.Thi
sal
sobr
ingsaboutasoci
etyofr
ebel
l
iouspeopl
e.
`
 The poorhomebackgr
ound ofpeopl
ewho commonl
ybehav
ethesetr
ulesand
r
egul
ati
onsar
ebecauset
heyar
eofpoorbackgr
ound.

 Theweakl
awsi
nthesoci
ety
.Lawsar
esetupt
ogui
depeopl
e’
sbehav
ior
sinagi
ven
soci
etybuti
fthel
awsar
enotst
ri
ctandev
enpeopl
ebr
eakt
hem wi
thoutser
ious
puni
shment
s,andt
hensoci
etywi
l
lbecomehar
dtocont
rol
.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofpeergr
oupmember
s.Somest
udent
scomef
rom homewi
thgood
behav
ior
sbutwhent
heyr
eachschoolandmeetwi
thst
udent
swhocomef
rom v
ery
poor
lygui
dedhomes,t
hei
rbehav
ior
sal
sochangeandt
heysomet
imesl
ear
nbad
behav
ior
s.

 Lowmor
algui
de.Thi
shasbr
oughtaboutmor
edi
sor
deri
nthesoci
etybyt
hey
out
h.The
el
der
sgr
ewupi
mmor
all
yupr
ightwayt
heywi
sh.

 Lackofsexeducat
ion.Manyy
out
htodaybehol
dthewayt
heydobecauset
heyhav
e
notr
ecei
vedsexeducat
ionl
essonsei
theratschool
orathome.

 Toomuchf
reedom.Theuni
ver
saldecl
arat
ionofhumanr
ight
sgr
ant
edt
hey
out
htoo
muchf
reedom whi
chmakesi
thar
dfort
heel
dert
ocont
rolt
hem.They
out
hthi
nkt
hey
ar
efr
eet
odowhatt
heywant
.

 Toomuchunempl
oyment
/pov
ert
y.Somepeopl
ebehav
eimmor
ali
nasoci
ety
.For
exampl
ethepr
ost
it
utes;
becauseoft
oomuchpov
ert
yandhi
ghst
andar
dofl
i
ving.They
br
eakt
hel
awsbecauset
heywantt
ogetf
oodf
oral
i
ving.

 Thel
ongsepar
ati
onofpar
ent
s.Somet
imescasesofdi
vor
cei
nthef
ami
l
yhav
etheonl
y
par
entt
aket
omeett
hei
rchi
l
drenf
orgui
danceandcounsel
i
ngmaycauset
hem t
o
dev
elopbadhabi
ts.

CHARACTERI
STI
CS/
MANI
FESTATI
ONOFAPERMI
SSI
VESOCI
ETY

Thef
oll
owi
ngar
ethemai
nchar
act
eri
sti
csofaper
missi
vesoci
ety
;

 Ther
ear
eincr
easedsexuali
mmor
ali
ti
esl
i
kef
orni
cat
ion(
pre-
mar
it
al)adul
ter
y(ex
tra–
mar
it
alsex)
,pr
ost
it
uti
onandhomosexual
i
ty.

 Cor
rupt
ionandembezzl
ementofgov
ernmentf
undsi
sacommonhabi
tint
hisof
soci
ety
.Iti
sunf
ort
unat
ethatduet
otheweakl
aws,
manypeopl
ehav
enotbeenf
unded.

 Fav
ori
ti
sm andnepot
ism ar
eal
socommonbecauset
hel
awsmaynotdenyonef
rom
f
avor
inghi
s/herf
ami
l
ymember
sort
ri
bal
member
s.
`
 Un-
empl
oymenti
sacor
echar
act
eri
sti
cbecausesomepeopl
enegl
ectsomej
obswhi
l
e
ot
her
sdonotgot
oschool
toat
tai
ngoodeducat
ionf
orf
utur
ewhi
tecol
l
arj
obs.

 Dev
elopmentofsl
um i
scommonbecausewher
epeopl
ecannotl
i
vet
hehi
ghcost
sof
l
i
vingi
ntowns.

 Poorhy
gienei
sal
soassoci
atedwi
thsoci
etywher
epeopl
edonotr
espectt
hel
aws.
Thi
sisbecausesuchpeopl
eespeci
all
ythey
out
hdonotwantt
odohar
dlabor
.

SEXMI
SUSES/ABUSESOFSEXORSEXDEVI
ATI
ONS

Sexabusei
sthet
erm usedt
oref
ert
otheunl
awf
ulway
sofhav
ingsexbypeopl
e

I
tissomet
imesknownassexual
dev
iat
ions/
sexual
disor
derormi
suseofsex.

Thi
scont
radi
ctswi
tht
heor
igi
nalpur
poseasagi
ftf
rom God.Thati
stosay
,sexi
sfor
pr
o-cr
eat
ion,happi
nessandl
ovet
oful
l
ymar
ri
edpeopl
ether
efor
ethef
oll
owi
ngar
e
someoft
heway
ssexwasmi
sused;

 I
ncest
;Thi
sref
erst
osexbet
weent
wopeopl
ewi
thcl
osebl
oodr
elat
ionshi
p.I
tmaybea
si
sterandabr
otherandt
hiscanber
elat
edt
othecaseofi
ncesti
nUgandaf
orMuhoozi
,
Kahi
neRugabaandhi
scausi
nChar
lot
teKut
eesat
hei
rmot
her
swer
ebi
ologi
cal
sist
ers.

 Mast
urbat
ion;Thi
siswher
eindi
vi
dual
sdr
ivesexualsat
isf
act
iont
hrought
ouchi
ng
sexualor
gansorbypl
ayi
ngwi
thone’
ssexualor
gans.Thepr
act
icei
scommonamong
t
heunmar
ri
edwher
eboy
srubt
hei
rski
nsandgi
rl
suset
estt
ubesorf
ingernai
l
s.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
on;Thi
siswher
eawomant
radeshersexualf
aci
l
ityi
nexchangef
ormoney
and ot
hermat
eri
alv
eins. Thi
spr
act
icei
scommon i
n ur
ban ar
easl
i
ke Kat
we,
Kabal
agal
a,Abay
itaababi
rinearnewv
isi
on.

 Lesbi
ani
sm;Thi
sis wher
etwo f
emal
es i
nvol
vet
hemsel
ves i
n act
s ofsexual
i
nter
cour
seandi
tisnor
mal
l
ydonebyschoolst
udent
s.I
nsi
ngl
eschool
slesbi
anshav
e
nof
eel
i
ngst
oopposi
tesex.I
tisal
l
egedt
hatt
hel
ateBr
endaFasiadmi
tt
edbef
oret
he
publ
i
c.

 Beast
il
it
y;Thi
swaswher
eahumanbei
ngi
nvol
veshi
msel
fint
ohav
ingsexualr
elat
ions
wi
thani
mal
sli
kecows,pi
gsandgoat
s.Thepr
act
icei
scommoni
nrur
alar
easof
Ugandaamongt
heher
dsmen.Forexampl
ein2000t
heNew v
isi
onpaperr
epor
teda
st
oryofawhi
temanwhogav
eawoman150,
000i
nJi
njat
osl
eepwi
thhi
sdogs.Thi
s
`
af
fect
edt
hewomanheal
thwi
seandwasl
atert
akent
ohospi
talwher
eshel
aterdi
ed
f
rom shor
tl
y.

 Rape;
Sexbet
weenwomanwi
thoutheraccept
anceorconsent
.Iti
schar
act
eri
zedi
n3
cat
egor
ies;

- Or
dinar
yrape;For
cedi
nrapebyamanshedoesnotknow orev
erseen.I
tinv
olv
es
peopl
eknowi
ngeachot
herbutt
heyhav
enev
eragr
eedt
ohav
esex.

- Mar
it
alr
ape;Thi
ski
ndofsexabuset
akespl
acei
nmar
ri
ageset
ti
ngs.I
not
herwor
ds
bet
weenl
over
sinamar
ri
agel
i
fest
yle.

 Adul
ter
y;Thi
sissexuali
nter
cour
seout
sideof
fi
cialmar
ri
agewher
etheunmar
ri
ed
per
soni
nvol
veshi
m/her
sel
fwi
thanot
herper
sonapar
tfr
om r
ealpar
tner
.Thi
spr
act
ice
somet
imesi
sknownascheat
ing.

 Analsex;
Thi
sisget
ti
ngsexualpr
essur
eorsat
isf
act
ionbyamani
ntoanot
herper
son’
s
anusei
thermanorwoman. I
tisbel
i
evedt
hatmostmeni
nDenmar
kcan’
tsat
isf
y
sexual
l
ynotunt
ilt
heypr
act
iceanal
sex.

 Homosexual
it
y;Thi
sist
hef
orm ofabusewher
eamani
nvol
vesi
nsexuali
nter
cour
se
wi
thaf
ell
ow manorwoman. I
tispr
act
icedbypeopl
eindev
elopedcount
ri
esand
r
ecent
lyi
t’
sdev
elopi
ngi
nAf
ri
cat
oo.

 Or
alsex;
Thi
siswher
epeopl
eat
tai
nsexsat
isf
act
ionbyuseoft
hei
rli
psandt
ongues.I
t
i
nvol
vessucki
ngandl
eaki
ngt
hesexor
ganoft
hepar
tner
.In1994pr
esi
dentBi
l
lCl
i
nton
ofUSAadmi
tt
edt
hatt
heywer
ehav
ingor
alsexwi
thMoni
caLewi
nskyi
nhi
sof
fi
ce.

 Def
il
ement
;Thi
siswher
eamanofei
ght
eeny
ear
sandabov
ewi
thagi
rlofbel
ow18
y
ear
sinv
olv
esi
nsexi
nter
cour
sewi
thoutaccept
anceoft
hegi
rl
.Iti
sonr
ecor
dthat
Ugandapr
imar
yteacher
sar
ereachi
ngt
hel
i
stofdef
il
ementcasesi
nmanydi
str
ict
sof
Uganda.

 Pedophi
li
a;Thi
sist
hesexi
nter
cour
sebet
weenadul
tandababy
.Thi
sisaser
ious
di
sor
derespeci
all
yar
eat
tract
edt
obabi
esf
orexampl
e,i
n1999Fr
edMuwangaof
Mat
uggav
il
lagepr
etendedt
obebaby
-si
tt
ingt
henei
ghbour
’sdaught
erandendedup
def
il
ingt
hebaby
.

 Voy
eur
ism;
Thi
siswher
eani
ndi
vi
dualf
alli
ntosexualaf
fai
rsandr
eachhi
ssat
isf
act
ion
af
tersecr
etl
ywat
chnakedpeopl
eorpeopl
ehav
ingsexandsuchpeopl
ear
ebel
i
evedt
o
`
bement
all
ydi
stur
bed. Forexampl
eMaf
iasi
nIt
alysecr
etl
ywat
chandr
ecor
dpeopl
e
hav
ingsexandt
hismaket
hem t
ogetmoneyf
rom t
hem.

 Pr
omi
scui
ty;Thi
sisanactofhav
ingsexuali
nter
cour
sewi
thmanypar
tner
swhi
chi
s
commonl
ypr
act
icedbyt
hey
out
handt
hesocal
l
edcel
ebr
it
iesandmanyot
her
s

 Sugarmummi
es/
daddi
es.Thi
siswher
eyoungboy
sandgi
rl
sagr
eet
obecomesexual
par
tner
sofot
herpeopl
emuchol
dert
hant
hem ei
therf
ormoneyormar
it
algai
ns.

CAUSESOFSEXUALDEVI
ATI
ONS

 Pov
ert
y.I
thasf
orcedsomepeopl
etoendupi
ntopr
ost
it
uti
oni
nor
dert
omakeends
meet
.

 Peergr
oupi
nfl
uence.Thati
stosay
,boy
sandgi
rl
sofsameagebr
acketencour
age
eachot
hert
obesexualact
ivebef
oremar
ri
ageandt
hishasmadey
oungpeopl
eendup
i
ntof
orni
cat
ion.The exi
stence ofcont
racept
ives l
i
ke pi
l
ls,condoms,i
nject
ions
encour
agemanyy
oungpeopl
etoendupabusi
ngsexbyf
orni
cat
ionsi
ncet
heyar
esur
e
ofbei
ngpr
otect
edf
rom STDsandgi
rl
scan’
tbecomepr
egnanteasi
l
y.

 Per
missi
venessi
nsoci
etyhasal
socont
ri
but
edt
osexdev
iat
ionsl
i
kef
orni
cat
ionsi
nce
i
tisseent
obeanor
mal
pract
icei
nthesoci
ety
.

 Thedesi
ref
ormoneyamonggi
rl
smai
nlyi
nur
banar
eashav
efor
cedmanyendupi
nto
pr
ost
it
uti
oni
nor
dert
oful
fi
ll
thei
rneedshencecauseofsexdev
iat
ion.

 Lackofsexsat
isf
act
ionhasal
sor
esul
tedi
ntosexdev
iat
ionsi
nourcount
ryt
oday
.For
exampl
eiti
sal
l
egedt
hatt
hef
ormerwi
feofPast
orKi
ganda,
Hadi
j
ahNassej
j
eendedup
hav
ingsexwi
thachapat
timakercal
l
edMukwasimostpr
obabl
yduet
olackofsex
sat
isf
act
ionf
rom herhusband.

 Dr
ugabuse.Somepeopl
eusedr
ugsl
i
kemar
ij
uana,kubberandcoccai
ne.Thi
smakes
t
hem t
oloset
hei
rsenseandsomet
imeendupi
ntor
apeanddef
il
ement
.

 Lackofpar
ent
algui
dancesi
ncepar
ent
stodayhav
enot
imef
ort
hei
rchi
l
drenast
hey
`
st
ruggl
etol
ookf
orwhatt
oeatt
her
ebyl
eav
ingt
hei
rchi
l
drenv
ict
imsoff
orni
cat
ion.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofmassmedi
ainf
orm ofr
adi
o,t
elev
isi
onpr
ogr
ammes,news-
paper
s,
i
nter
netwhi
ch car
rypi
ctur
esofpeopl
emaki
ng l
ovehencemaki
ng y
oung peopl
e
sexual
l
yat
tract
ed.Forexampl
e,Ssany
uFM r
adi
ost
ati
onpl
ayr
omant
icsongs“
tur
nme
on”andact
ual
l
yyoungpeopl
ear
etur
nedonwher
etheyendupi
ntof
orni
cat
ionwhi
chi
s
asexual
abuse.

 Poorgov
ernmentpol
i
cieshav
eal
socausedsexdev
iat
iont
odaysi
ncet
hegov
ernment
hasnocl
earpol
i
ciest
odealwi
thpeopl
ewhoabusesex. Thegov
ernmentt
hroughi
ts
cour
tsofl
awandpol
i
cenor
mal
l
ygr
antbai
ltosuspect
sofr
apeanddef
il
ementwhi
ch
gi
vet
hem oppor
tuni
tyt
oint
erf
erewi
tht
hei
nvest
igat
ion.

 Longsepar
ati
onofmar
ri
edcoupl
esduet
owor
koreducat
ionmayl
eadt
osexual
unf
ait
hful
nessandmant
omar
ri
edpar
tner
s.

 Ther
eisal
otofexposur
ethr
oughpor
nogr
aphyi
nli
ter
atur
efi
l
mssl
um env
ironment
andt
hishasgi
venchancet
omanypeopl
eabusesext
hroughf
orni
cat
ionadul
ter
yand
manyot
her
s

 Thegener
albr
eakdown(
decl
i
ne)i
nmor
alshasal
sogi
venchancet
osexualabusesi
n
t
hecount
ry.

 Decl
i
nei
nrel
i
giousv
aluesandcondi
ti
onhasal
socr
eat
edwayf
orsexmi
suseamong
peopl
etoday
.

 Lackofsel
fcont
rol

 Decl
i
nei
ncul
tur
alnor
ms

Rev
isi
onquest
ions

(
a)Di
scusst
hecausesofsexdevi
ati
oni
nthemoder
nsoci
ety
.

(
b)Exami
net
heway
sinwhi
cht
hesoci
etycanaddr
esst
hepr
obl
em ofsexdevi
ati
on.

1.(
a)“
Prost
it
uti
onshoul
dbel
egal
i
zedi
nUganda”
. AsaChr
ist
iancommentont
his
st
atement
.

(
b)AsaChr
ist
iandi
scusswhet
herpr
ost
it
uti
onshoul
dbel
egal
izedi
nUganda.

2.“
Thechur
chi
sresponsi
blef
ort
hei
ncr
easi
ngr
ateofsexualabuses.
” Di
scuss.
`
3.(
a)Accountf
ort
hel
ongexi
stenceandi
ncr
easeofpr
ost
it
uti
oni
nUganda.

(
b)Suggestt
heway
sinwhi
cht
hechur
chcancombatt
hisevi
l.

4.(
a)Accountf
ort
her
ampantpr
e-mar
it
alsexandsexoutmar
ri
agei
nEastAf
ri
cat
oday
.

(
b)AsaChr
ist
ianwhatadvi
cewoul
dyougi
vet
otheper
pet
ualoft
hishabi
t?

MAJOREFFECTSOFSEXUALMI
SUSES/
DEVI
ATI
ONS

 Sexualmi
susel
i
kehomosexual
i
tyandl
esbi
ani
sm canl
eadt
oschooldr
opout
sandal
so
acqui
ri
ngofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seasesl
i
keSy
phi
l
is,
Gonor
rheaandHI
V/AI
DS.

 Theper
sonsi
nvol
vedi
nsexualdev
iat
ionsl
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
onar
eli
kel
ytol
oser
especti
n
t
hesoci
ety
.

 Sexualdev
iat
ionsl
i
kef
orni
cat
ionl
eadt
ounwant
edpr
egnancy
.Mostt
imescausi
ngt
he
gi
rlt
odr
opoutofschool
ifshewasast
udent
.

 Sexdev
iat
ionscancausei
mpr
isonmentoft
heboyi
ncasehei
snot
icedespeci
all
yifhe
i
mpr
egnat
edaschool
gir
l.

 Casesofsexmi
susel
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
onmayl
eadt
odeat
hoft
hegi
rlasshemayt
ryt
o
car
ryoutabor
ti
on.

 Sexdev
iat
ionsi
nfor
m ofl
i
kef
orni
cat
ion,
rapeanddef
il
ementl
eadst
olossofv
irgi
nit
y.

 Sexmi
susesl
i
keadul
ter
yandpr
ost
it
uti
onhav
eledt
oincr
easedcasesofdi
vor
ce.

 Somepeopl
ehav
ebeenki
l
ledt
hroughmobj
ust
icewhencaughtwi
thot
herpeopl
e’
s

 Somesexdev
iat
ionsi
ncest
,pr
ost
it
uti
on,r
apeanddef
il
ementcausepubl
i
cshameor
di
srespectt
othei
ndi
vi
dual
sbei
ngcaughti
ntheact
.

 Mast
urbat
ionasoneoft
hef
ormsofsexdev
iat
ionsmaycausei
nfer
ior
it
ycompl
exf
ora
mant
oappr
oachawoman.

 Sexmi
susecausesomet
imesbar
rennesst
owomenwhoengagei
ntof
orni
cat
ionand
t
henkeepusi
ngf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodsl
i
keuseofpi
l
ls.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
onasanexampl
eofsexdev
iat
ionunder
minesGod’
scommandr
egar
dingsex
and pr
ocr
eat
ion whi
ch say
ssexshoul
d bef
orpr
ocr
eat
ion and onl
ypr
act
iced i
n
mar
ri
age.
`
 Somet
imessexmi
susel
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
onandadul
ter
yleadst
ofami
l
yinst
abi
l
iti
es.That
i
stosayt
heydi
vor
ce.

SOLUTI
ONSTOSEXMI
SUSE

 Qn.How can a Chr

ist
ian av
oidf
all
ing i
nto sexualt
raps orpr
act
ici
ng sexual
i
mmor
ali
ti
es?

 AChr
ist
iancanav
oidf
all
i
ngi
ntosexuali
mmor
ali
ti
est
hroughl
i
vingapr
ayer
full
i
fe.He
orsheal
way
spr
ayaski
ngf
orGod’
sgui
danceandpr
otect
ionev
enwheny
ouar
efor
ced
t
omov
eal
onet
hroughdar
kcor
ner
satni
ght
.

 AChr
ist
ianwhof
eel
stempt
edt
ofal
lint
osexualt
rapsl
i
kef
orni
cat
ioncanseekf
or
gui
danceandcounsel
i
ngf
rom r
eli
giousl
eader
soranyot
herseni
orper
sonnelt
hatcan
gener
ousl
ycounsel
him orher
.

 A Chr
ist
iancancont
rolhi
m/her
sel
ffr
om sexualdev
iat
ionsl
i
kei
ncestt
hrought
he
ef
for
tsoft
hepar
ent
s.Theyhav
etobr
ingupt
hechi
l
dreni
namor
all
yupr
ightwaysoas
t
heydonotl
ear
nbadhabi
tsf
orni
cat
ion.

 Amar
ri
edChr
ist
iancancont
rol
himsel
fagai
nstsexabusesl
i
keadul
ter
ythr
oughhav
ing
enoughsexualappet
it
efr
om t
hepar
tner
s.Thi
smaypr
eventonef
rom car
ryi
ngout
adul
ter
yorev
enpr
ost
it
uti
on.

 Taki
ngenought
imeofl
eisur
ereadi
ngt
hebi
blecanal
sohel
paChr
ist
iant
oav
oid
f
all
i
ngi
ntosexualt
rapsl
i
kemast
urbat
ion.Thebi
blegi
vesspi
ri
tualnour
ishmentofa
per
sonwhowoul
dengagei
nimmor
alact
sli
ker
apeordef
il
ementbecausehei
sidl
e.

 AChr
ist
iancanal
soav
oidf
all
i
ngi
ntosexualt
rapsbymaki
ngr
ight
fulchoi
ces.One
shoul
dav
oidbadcompani
essuchast
hosewhoar
emuchi
nter
est
edi
nwat
chi
ng
por
nogr
aphi
cpi
ctur
esorj
ustr
eadi
ngandconv
ersi
ngal
ongsuchl
i
nes.

 A Chr
ist
ianshoul
dkeepher/hi
msel
fbusywi
thwor
k.Suchwor
kli
ker
eadi
ngand
i
nter
pret
ingt
hebi
ble,orsomehousewor
kli
kecooki
ngcanr
educecasesofpeopl
e
`
whoar
eal
way
str
appedi
ntosexual
act
ivi
ti
esl
i
kef
orni
cat
ion.

 Mar
ri
edChr
ist
ianscanav
oidf
all
i
ngi
ntosexualt
rapsbybei
ngf
ait
hfult
oeachanot
her
.
I
ncaseofanysexualmi
s-under
standi
ng,par
tner
sshoul
dsol
vet
hei
rpr
obl
em t
hrough
f
orgi
venessorseeki
ngf
orassi
stancef
rom t
heel
der
sespeci
all
ythoseexper
iencedi
n
mar
ri
age.

 AChr
ist
iancanav
oidbei
ngt
rappedi
ntosexualdev
iat
ionst
hroughusi
nghi
s/herl
eisur
e
t
imeconst
ruct
ivel
y.Fori
nst
ancei
nst
eadofoner
emai
ningi
dleorwat
chi
ngbl
uemov
ies,
he/
sheshoul
dgof
orgamesandspor
tswi
thot
her
sint
hef
iel
dtobebusy
.

 AChr
ist
ianj
ustl
i
keanyot
herper
soncanav
oidpr
act
ici
ngsexuali
mmor
ali
tyl
i
ker
ape
anddef
il
ementbyav
oidi
ngt
aki
ngdanger
ousdr
ugsl
i
kekubberandcocai
ne.Such
dr
ugssomet
imesgi
vecour
aget
opeopl
etocar
ryoutsuchi
mmor
alsexualact
sli
ke
r
apeanddef
il
ement
.

 I
nor
derf
oramal
eChr
ist
iant
oav
oidf
all
i
ngi
ntosexualt
raps,sheshoul
ddr
ess
decent
lyi
nor
dert
ododget
heey
esoft
hesexual
off
ender
sli
ker
api
sts.

 A Chr
ist
iany
out
hcanabst
ainf
rom f
all
i
ngi
ntot
rapsofsexualabusebyav
oidi
ng
pr
act
ici
ngsexbef
oremar
ri
age.

 AgoodChr
ist
iancanav
oidbei
ngt
rappedi
ntosexuali
mmor
ali
tyl
i
kei
ncestbyt
ryi
ng
al
way
stohav
epr
opersi
tt
ingpost
urest
hatdonotexposeherpr
ivat
epar
tst
otheboy
s
i
fpr
esentev
eni
ftheyar
erel
ati
ves.

 Chr
ist
ian par
ent
sand r
eli
giousl
eader
scan pr
eventt
hey
oung onesf
rom get
ti
ng
i
nvol
vedi
nsexualabusesbyal
way
sof
fer
ingt
hem f
reegui
danceandcounsel
i
ng
ser
vices.

REASONS WHY THERE WAS NO SEX DEVI

ATI
ONS WHY SEX DEVI
ATI
ONS WERE
RAREI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY

Accountf
ort
hel
imi
tedsexualabusei
ntheAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
?

Peopl
eInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywer
egui
dedbymor
alsandhi
ghl
yrespect
edt
he
i
nst
it
uti
onofsex
.Di
ff
erentsoci
eti
eshadspeci
fi
cfact
orst
hatgui
dedagai
nstt
he
mi
suseofsexandt
hesei
ncl
udet
hef
oll
owi
ng;

 Sexpr
omi
scui
tydi
dnotexi
sti
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onbecausemar
ri
agewasconsi
der
edt
o
beav
eryi
mpor
tanti
nst
it
uti
on. Any
onewhowant
edt
ohav
esexwoul
ddosoaf
ter
`
mar
ri
aget
hat
’swhyboy
sandgi
rl
sInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
etymar
ri
edatat
enderage.

 Sev
eralpuni
shment
scoul
dbegi
vent
othosewhoabusedsex.Forexampl
e,t
heBaki
ga
ofwest
ernUgandapeopl
ewhoabusedsexwer
edr
awni
nKi
sii
zif
all
s.

 Thei
nher
it
anceofwi
dowsi
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onwassocommonandt
hisal
sosol
veda
l
ott
hepr
obl
em ofsexmi
suseal
thought
hiswasapr
imi
ti
vepr
act
icebutsav
edt
he
wi
dowsf
rom mi
susi
ngsexbecausebr
other
soft
hedeceasedmar
ri
edt
hewi
dow i
n
or
dert
omeett
hesexual
needsondemands.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on,peopl
eregar
dedsext
obehol
yandapr
ivat
eaf
fai
rspr
act
iced
mai
nlyatni
ght.
Ther
efor
ebecauseoft
hispeopl
ecoul
dnotmi
suset
hegi
ftofsex
bef
oret
hei
rchi
l
dren.

 Mor
eso,ev
ensexualor
ganscoul
dnotbecal
l
edbyt
hei
rrealnames.Theywer
egi
ven
pet
tynamest
obl
ockt
hey
oungonesf
rom get
ti
ngt
oknowaboutsexatat
enderage.
Forexampl
e,amongt
heBagandai
ncent
ral
Uganda,
thepeni
swascal
l
edAkasol
o.

 Dur
ingadol
escencest
age,
youngpeopl
ewer
eeducat
edbyt
heel
der
sint
hecommuni
ty
oni
ssuest
odowi
thsex.
Ther
efor
ethi
smi
nimi
zedt
hepr
act
iceofsexabusei
nthe
soci
etysi
ncei
twas aconcer
n ofal
lel
der
sint
hecommuni
ty.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on,f
ami
l
ieswer
eext
endedi
nnat
urewher
emanymember
srel
atedby
bl
oodanddi
stantr
elat
ivesl
i
vedt
oget
her
.Forexampl
egr
andmot
her
,aunt
,gr
andf
ather
anduncl
eandbi
ologi
calpar
ent
swoul
dtakeov
ert
her
esponsi
bil
i
tyofwat
chi
ngt
he
behav
ior
soft
hey
oungonesandmadesur
ethatt
heyr
espect
edsex.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on,t
her
ewasf
rui
tf
uluseofl
eisur
eti
meandbot
hthey
oungandol
d
hadt
opar
ti
cipat
einl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
es.Forexampl
egi
rl
swoul
dspendt
hei
rlei
sur
e
maki
ngbasket
swher
easboy
scoul
dgof
orhunt
ingandt
hissav
edt
hem f
rom t
hinki
ng
aboutsex.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalf
ami
l
ies,ev
ery
thi
ngwasf
reeandpeopl
ewer
enotdesper
atef
or
moneyt
oext
entofof
fer
ingt
hei
rbodi
esf
orsext
her
efor
ether
ewasnor
easonf
or
woment
ogeti
nvol
vedi
ntopr
ost
it
uti
onbecausef
oodandot
herneedcoul
deasi
l
ybe
goti
nsoci
ety
.

 Sexeducat
ionwaspar
tofpr
epar
ati
onbef
oremar
ri
age.Att
heageofpuber
ty,bot
h
boy
sandgi
rl
swer
eint
roducedt
othemy
ster
yofsex.
`
 Boy
sandgi
rl
swhohadr
eachedadol
escentst
agewer
esepar
atedt
osl
eepi
ndi
ff
erent
housesorr
ooms.Thi
swasi
ntendedt
oel
i
minat
ecasesofi
ncestt
hatwoul
doccur
.

 Pr
opersi
tt
ingpost
ureswer
eemphasi
zedespeci
all
ytohegi
rl
stoav
oidexposi
ngt
hei
r
pr
ivat
epar
tst
otheot
her
sespeci
all
ytheboy
s.Ot
her
wiset
hiscoul
dresul
tint
oincest
.

 Theel
der
sli
ket
hebr
other
sand si
ster
swoul
dtel
lst
ori
est
othey
oung onest
o
di
scour
age t
hem f
rom engagi
ng i
n pr
omi
scuous sex r
elat
ions.Forexampl
ethe
Bakonj
opeopl
ehadabel
i
eft
hatawomancar
ri
edf
ir
ebet
weenherl
egsandamanhad
ahi
ssi
ngcobr
abet
weenhi
slegs.

 Tabooswer
eat
tachedt
osexuali
nti
macyand t
hesedi
scour
agedsexualabuses.
Forexampl
e,amongt
heBahi
mat
henewl
ywedwi
fe’
shai
rwaspar
tl
yshav
edwi
than
i
ntent
ionofkeepi
ngsexual
pur
it
y.Thi
swascal
l
ed“
okut
egaeki
har
a”.

 Tol
ookatanel
der
’sgeni
tal
swasr
egar
dedasami
sfor
tune.They
oungwer
escar
ed
t
hatt
heywoul
dbest
ruckbl
i
ndi
ftheydi
dso.

 Vi
rgi
nit
ybef
oremar
ri
agewasst
ressedandr
ewar
ded.I
nBugandaaunt
sofgi
rl
swho
wer
evi
rgi
n bef
ore mar
ri
age wer
e gi
ven unbl
emi
shed she goatf
orbr
ide weal
th
acqui
sit
ion.

 The y
oung wer
eini
ti
ated i
nto di
ff
erentst
ages ofl
i
fe.Thi
sinv
olv
ed act
sli
ke
ci
rcumci
sionamongt
heBagi
suandr
emov
alofcl
i
tor
isf
rom t
heSabi
nypeopl
e.

 They
oungwer
epr
event
edf
rom sexbef
oremar
ri
aget
otheext
entt
hatchi
l
drenwho
endeav
oredt
oseet
hepr
ivat
epar
tsoft
heopposi
tesexbef
oremar
ri
agecoul
dbe
cur
sed.I
nAnkol
ethi
swascal
l
ed“
okut
eraenkunamo”
.

 Wasshar
ing wascommonl
ycar
ri
ed asoneoft
heway
show sexualabusesl
i
ke
pr
ost
it
uti
onwasr
educedi
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on.Thi
sev
enencour
agedsexsat
isf
act
ion
andchi
l
dbear
ing.

 Sexdev
iat
ionswer
erar
einAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onbecauseev
eni
nter
act
ionsbet
weenmal
es
andf
emal
esatwhat
everl
evelespeci
all
ythoset
hatwer
eunmar
ri
edwer
esol
i
mit
ed.
Thi
sreducedchancesofhav
ingsexualt
alkst
hatcoul
dleadt
osexualabusesl
i
ke
f
orni
cat
ionandi
ncest
.

 Sexabuseswer
eli
mit
edi
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onbecausepol
ygamywasper
mit
ted.Thi
s
hel
pedmenwi
thhi
ghsexual
appet
it
ecal
l
ed“
li
bido”t
oachi
evet
hei
rsexual
sat
isf
act
ion.
`
 I
n Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
on sexdev
iat
ions wer
erar
e because mar
ri
age was compul
sor
y.
Ther
efor
e,i
nst
eadofonet
hinki
ngofact
sli
kef
orni
cat
ionorpr
ost
it
uti
on,shewoul
dbe
f
orcedt
ogetmar
ri
ed.

 Cour
tshi
pcont
rol
l
edbyt
heel
der
sint
hef
ami
l
yandt
hecommuni
tyatl
argepl
ayedabi
g
r
olet
opr
epar
ethey
out
hformar
ri
age.

 Di
vor
cewasgener
all
ydi
scour
aged,hencel
i
mit
ingcasesfsexmi
suser
elat
edwi
th
di
vor
cel
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
onandadul
ter
y

CASESTUDI
ESOFSEXDEVI
ATI
ONS

PRE-
MARI
TALSEX(
FORNI
CATI
ON)

For
nicat
ioni
ssexbef
oremar
ri
ageandt
hisi
sacommonpr
act
icet
odayamongt
he
y
out
hespeci
all
yinsecondar
yschoolandhi
gheri
nst
it
uti
onofl
ear
ningl
i
keuni
ver
sit
ies
col
l
eges.Thi
spr
act
icei
ssomet
imesknownaspr
e-mar
it
alsexandt
odayboy
sandgi
rl
s
of14-
18ar
eal
readyf
orni
cat
ingandt
othem t
heyt
hinkt
hati
t’
sthei
rri
ghtt
odowhat
t
heywant
.

CAUSESOFPRE-
MARI
TALSEX/
FORNI
CATI
ON

 Peergr
oup i
nfl
uence.Thati
sto say
,boy
s and gi
rl
s oft
he same age br
acket
encour
aged each ot
hert
o be sexual
l
y act
ive bef
ore mar
ri
age.Forexampl
ein
secondar
yschool
svi
rgi
ngi
rl
sar
eal
way
sdespi
sedbyt
hei
rfel
l
ow gi
rl
sandboy
s
i
nfl
uencet
hei
rfr
iendst
ofor
nicat
ebycal
l
ingt
hem cowar
dsandi
mpot
ent
.

 Thef
alsebel
i
efof‘
pract
icemakesper
fect
’hasmademanyboy
sandgi
rl
sfor
nicat
e.
Boy
sandgi
rl
sdeci
det
ohav
esexbef
oremar
ri
agesot
hatt
heybecomeexper
tsaf
ter
mar
ri
age.

 For
nicat
ioni
sbl
amedonadequat
esexeducat
ionsi
mpl
ybecausemostpar
ent
shav
e
enought
imet
ost
aywi
tht
hei
rchi
l
dren.Forexampl
einr
uralar
easmostpar
ent
sar
e
occupi
edwi
thpr
obl
emsofr
out
inewor
kandf
ailt
ogett
imet
oteacht
hei
rchi
l
drenof
sexv
alues.

 I
nfl
uenceofmassmedi
ainf
orm ofr
adi
os,
tel
evi
sionpr
ogr
ammes,
news-
paper
swhi
ch
car
rypi
ctur
esofpeopl
emaki
ngl
ovehencemaki
ngpeopl
esexual
l
yat
tract
edandsome
`
FM r
adi
ospl
ayr
omant
icmusi
c.

 Moder
nlei
sur
eact
ivi
ti
essuchaswest
ernmusi
canddancehav
ebecomeahazar
dand
anaccel
erat
oroft
heseev
il
sandwomenwhosqueezeeachot
herst
omachandmout
h
t
omout
h.

 Theexi
stenceofcont
racept
ivesl
i
kecondoms,
pil
l
s,andi
nject
apl
ansencour
agemany
y
oungpeopl
etof
orni
cat
esi
ncet
heyar
esur
eofpr
otect
ionf
rom STDsandear
ly
pr
egnancy
.

 Mostpar
ent
sar
enotwar
nedaboutt
hel
anguaget
heyshoul
dusewi
tht
hei
rchi
l
dren
t
her
efor
eendupusi
nghor
ri
ble(
obscenewor
ds)whi
chchangemi
ndsofchi
l
drenand
at
ti
tudehencel
eadi
ngi
ntopr
e-mar
it
alsex.

 Thef
eart
ober
eject
edbyt
hei
rboy-
fr
iends. Thi
sisespeci
all
ytr
uef
orgi
rl
shence
endi
ngupi
ntof
orni
cat
ion.

 Per
missi
venessi
nthesoci
etyi
sver
yhi
ght
oext
entt
hatal
lfor
msofi
mmor
ali
tyar
e
accept
edt
odayhencef
orni
cat
ingi
sseent
obeanor
malpr
act
icewhysoci
etyi
snot
wor
ri
edy
oungpeopl
eandasar
esul
ttheyendupf
orni
cat
ing.

 Por
nogr
aphy
.A l
otof i
nfl
uence due t
o por
nogr
aphi
cfi
l
ms l
i
ke bl
ue mov
ies,
por
nogr
aphi
cli
ter
atur
ehasmademanyy
oungpeopl
eendupi
ntof
orni
cat
ion.

 Hi
ghsexuall
i
bidosi
nboy
sandgi
rl
stoext
entt
hatt
heycannotcont
rolt
hei
rsexual
desi
resunl
esst
heyi
nvol
vei
n sexsuch oft
hosegi
rl
shav
ehabi
tsofscr
eami
ng
Unnecessar
y,si
tt
ingbadl
yinseduct
ivewayandi
nBugandasuchgi
rl
sar
ebel
i
evedt
o
besuf
fer
ingf
rom ‘
‘
akasagazi
’
’.

 Vi
rgi
nit
yhasl
ostmeani
ngunl
i
kei
npar
twher
egi
rl
swer
esupposedt
omar
rywhent
hey
ar
evi
rgi
nsandr
ewar
dswer
egi
vent
othei
rpar
ent
stot
hankt
hem f
orupbr
ini
ngt
hei
r
chi
l
dren.

 Theboy
-gi
rlr
elat
ionshi
phasi
ncr
easedt
her
ateoff
orni
cat
ioni
nUgandat
oday
.Thati
s
t
osay
,somey
oungpeopl
egetf
ri
endswi
thsexualmot
iveandi
tbecomeshar
dto
abandont
hem especi
all
yboy
s.

 Dur
ing t
he adol
escentst
age,gi
rl
s dev
elop br
east
s,hi
ps and t
hei
rsexualor
gan
becomesr
eadyf
orsexandi
tisatt
hist
imet
hatmostgi
rl
sdof
orni
cat
e.

 Thedesi
ref
ormoneyespeci
all
yamonggi
rl
sinur
banar
eashasl
edt
ofor
nicat
ion.
`
Manygi
rl
shav
ebeendecei
vedbymant
ohav
esexi
nexchangeofmi
nort
hingsl
i
ke
chi
ps,
chi
cken,
chocol
ate,
chapat
ticake.

DANGERSOFFORNI
CATI
ON

 For
nicat
ioni
saser
ioussi
niney
esofGodsi
ncesexi
sformar
ri
edpeopl
ethat
’swhy
Godbl
essedt
hem ‘
togopr
oduceandf
il
lthewor
ld’

 Sexatat
enderagel
eadst
oador
mantsexpar
tneri
nfut
uret
hat
’swhyt
odaywomen
hav
ehat
edt
hei
rhusbandsanddonothav
esexatat
enderage.

 I
tleadst
olossofr
especti
nsoci
etyf
orbot
hboy
sandgi
rlt
hat
’swhyt
heyar
egi
venal
l
sor
tsofknowi
ngsuchnamesof
flay
er,
kibaf
u(basi
n)bat
hroom.

 For
nicat
ioni
saser
iouscr
imei
nUgandaaccor
dingt
o1995const
it
uti
onanygi
rlbel
ow
18y
ear
sisconsi
der
edt
obey
oungandi
nvol
vi
ngheri
nsexmayl
eadt
oimpr
isonment
ofnotl
esst
han7y
ear
sol
d.

 I
tleadst
ounwant
edpr
egnanci
esespeci
all
ywher
eaboyandgi
rli
nvol
vet
hemsel
vesi
n
unpr
otect
edwhi
chmayl
eadt
oschool
drop-
out
.

 I
tmayl
eadt
ocommi
tt
ingofsui
cideassumi
ngt
heboydeni
est
hepr
egnancy
.

 I
tis al
l
eged t
hatt
he l
ate Br
uno a f
ormerr
adi
o pr
esent
eron Capi
talFr
equency
modul
ati
on(
FM)commi
tt
edsui
cideaf
terbei
ngabandonedbyhi
slong–t
imeser
ving
gi
rl-
fr
iend.

 I
tmakesonel
oseconcent
rat
iononacademi
csashe/
shei
sli
kel
ytospendmor
eofhi
s
f
reet
imewr
it
ingl
ovel
ett
ers.

 Younggi
rl
sespeci
all
ythosewhohav
eabor
tedmayendupexper
ienci
ngbar
renness
andt
hisi
ssobecauset
her
epr
oduct
ivesy
stem maybedamagedandshemaybe
unabl
etopr
oduce.

 Ther
ear
ehi
ghr
isksofacqui
ri
ngHI
VandSTDsar
ehi
ghdur
ingf
orni
cat
ionf
orexampl
e
sy
phi
l
isandatt
imest
heai
dscommi
ssi
ont
heymadear
epor
tthatt
hespr
eadofHI
Vis
hi
ghamongt
hey
out
hbecauseoff
orni
cat
ion.

 For
nicat
ionmayl
eadt
ogener
alpov
ert
yandmi
suset
hei
rpr
oper
tywher
etheyspenda
l
ott
ryi
ngt
opl
easet
hegi
rlandi
nthi
swayt
heyendupusi
ngf
eesort
uit
ioni
nnameof
`
f
orni
cat
ing.

SOLUTI
ONSTOFORNI
CATI
ON

 For
nicat
ionwoul
dbesol
vedusi
ngsomeoft
hef
oll
owi
ngway
s:-

 Emphasi
zi
ngsexeducat
ioni
nthey
out
hespeci
all
ythosei
nschool
s.

 School
sshoul
dendeav
ort
oputupl
awsoncl
ubsbecauset
heyhel
ptot
rai
none
anot
herhowt
oov
ercomet
hechal
l
engesofadol
escence.

 Par
ent
sshoul
dactexempl
aryt
othei
rchi
l
drensucht
hatt
hey
oungonesdonotl
ear
n
badhabi
tsf
rom t
hem f
orexampl
epr
ost
it
uti
on.

 I
ndi
vi
dual
sshoul
dbeadv
isedbyt
heel
der
stohav
esaf
econt
rol
,gui
deandcounsel
t
hem.

 Par
ent
sshoul
dbev
eryst
ri
ctt
othei
rchi
l
drenandf
oll
owupt
hei
rbehav
ior
snott
oleav
e
t
hewhol
edut
ytot
hehousegi
rl
s.

 Pat
ienceshoul
dbeencour
agedamongt
hey
out
hsucht
hatt
heywai
tforsext
obe
pl
ayedatt
het
imeofmar
ri
age.

 Theyusedt
obet
aughtbi
bli
calmeani
ngofsexwhi
chi
sbasi
cal
l
ysupposedt
obe
pl
ayedonl
yinmar
ri
agebet
weenmanandwoman.

 Por
nogr
aphi
cmat
eri
alsshoul
dbebannedawaybyt
hegov
ernmentf
ormt
heaccessof
chi
l
drenbecauset
heypl
ayabi
grol
e(par
t)i
nst
anci
ngt
hey
out
hint
ended.

 School
sshoul
dor
gani
zesemi
nar
sfort
hechi
l
drenwher
equal
i
fiedper
soni
nmat
ter
sof
mar
ri
age/
engagementcoul
dcomeandsensi
ti
zet
hey
out
honpr
obl
emsofsexand
sexual
i
ty.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dtr
ytoputupmor
ejobsoppor
tuni
ti
est
othey
out
hbecause
f
orni
cat
ioni
spar
tl
ycausedbyi
dlemeni
nthesoci
ety
.

 Mor
esot
heschool
sshoul
dputmor
est
ri
ctnessont
hesexr
ulesandr
egul
ati
ons
`
especi
all
ymi
xedboar
dingschool
s.

HOW SHOULDBOY-
GIRLRELATI
ONSBESTABI
LISED

 Fort
hey
ounggi
rl
swhoacceptt
ofor
nicat
efear
ingt
obedr
oppedbyt
hei
rpar
tner
s,
bet
tert
hanpani
cki
ngandshoul
dal
soknowt
hatmanyt
imest
hatmencoul
dn’
tmar
ry
t
hei
rfi
rstl
over
s.

 Thosewhocl
aimt
opr
ovet
hei
rsexualheal
thshoul
dadv
iset
oconsul
tmedi
caldoct
ors
oft
heycannotkeept
hei
rrel
ati
onwi
thoutsexual
int
ercour
sepr
act
ice.

 Aboy
-gi
rlr
elat
ionshoul
dbehel
pedt
ofocuson(
agape)
.Godl
ylov
enotbaseonsel
fi
sh
ai
mli
kesexsat
isf
act
ion.

 Fort
hei
ssueofpr
act
icemakesper
fectgui
danceandcounsel
i
ngshoul
dbeexer
cised
andeducat
edt
othepar
tner
sthatt
heywi
l
lhav
emor
eti
met
opr
act
icesexwi
tht
hei
r
par
tner
saf
termar
ri
age.

 Theyneedt
obeadv
isedt
obepat
ient f
ort
hepar
ent
swhol
i
vet
hei
rchi
l
dreni
nthe
handsofhousegi
rl
sorboy
stheyshoul
dbeadv
isedt
ospar
esomet
imet
ocheckont
he
behav
ior
soft
hei
rchi
l
drenofat
tendi
ngv
isi
tat
ionday
satschool
.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofpor
nogr
aphycanbeguar
dedbyt
hegov
ernmentbyf
ir
stscr
uti
nize
(
checki
ngup)howpaper
sormagazi
nesar
eimpor
tedf
il
mst
hatscat
teri
nthecount
ry
dest
roypeopl
esmor
albehav
ior
s.

 Sexeducat
ionshoul
dber
e-awakedi
nschool
sandi
nvest
ingseni
orcounsel
orsont
he
i
ssueofsexual
i
ty.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dputupr
est
ri
cti
vel
awsont
hesel
landuseascont
racept
ives
whi
char
ewi
del
yspr
ead i
nthesoci
etyand i
nfl
uenci
ng t
hey
out
hto engagei
nto
f
orni
cat
ionatat
enderage.

MASTURBATI
ON

Thi
sisat
ypeofsexpl
aywhi
chmaynoti
nvol
vet
heopposi
tesexbei
ngi
ntouchdi
rect
ly
buti
swher
eaman/
woman’
sfeel
i
ngsar
ehi
ghunt
ilonef
eel
she/
shehasr
educedt
he
shapeofor
gani
sm.Thati
stosay
,sexual
l
ysat
isf
iedaf
terr
eleasi
ngi
nanact
ualpl
ay.
Thi
scanbedonebyuseofar
ti
fi
ciali
temsl
i
kear
ti
fi
cialpeni
stor
eacht
hewoman’
s
`
sexual
desi
res.

CAUSESOFMASTURBATI
ON

 Absenceofsexualpar
tnert
omanymenwhoar
eusedt
othei
rwomen,
theymast
urbat
e
becauset
heydr
eam aboutt
hem i
nsex
ualpl
aywhent
heyar
eaway
.Forexampl
e
f
urt
herst
udi
es.

 Hi
ghsexualdesi
res:commonl
ymenwhomast
urbat
ehav
ehi
ghl
evelf
orsexi
nthat
ev
enwhent
heypl
aysexwi
tht
hei
rpar
tner
s,t
heymaynotbef
ull
ysat
isf
ied.

 Por
nogr
aphyi
nfl
uence:Somey
out
hwhopr
act
icet
hisactar
eaddi
ctedt
oitbecause
t
heywat
chbl
uemov
iesofl
ovest
ori
essuchact
sar
edoneandt
hencopyal
so.

 Thef
eart
ocont
rolSTDsl
ikeHI
V/AI
DS:Manypeopl
eful
fi
ll
thei
rsexual
desi
rest
hrough
mast
urbat
ionwhi
cht
heyknowwi
l
lnotofal
ll
ett
hem bei
nfect
edatal
lwi
thanySTDS.

 Peergr
oupi
nfl
uence:manyy
out
htodaywhopr
act
icet
hisactcopyi
tfr
om t
hei
rcl
ose
f
ri
endswhent
heyassoci
atewi
thanddopr
act
icet
hatact
.

 Thel
ongst
ayi
nsi
ngl
eli
fehasal
soencour
agedmanyy
out
hwhowoul
dlov
etopl
aysex
t
oenj
oyi
tthr
oughmast
urbat
ion.

 St
ayi
ngi
nsi
ngl
eboar
dingschool
shasal
socr
eat
edachancef
ory
ounggi
rl
stol
ear
n
t
hispr
act
icef
rom t
hei
rfr
iends.

 Thef
eart
oappr
oachopposi
tesex:Manyboy
sandgi
rl
swhohav
ereachedt
hest
age
ofadol
escenceand hav
ehi
ghsexualdesi
resmayhopef
ormast
urbat
ionsi
mpl
e
becauset
heyf
eart
otal
ktoopposi
tesexabouti
t.

 Theactofdr
ugabuse:I
nfl
uenceofdr
ugsl
i
kecocai
ne,
kubermayencour
agesomeone
t
omast
urbat
eifsheorhenocl
osepar
tner
.Thesedr
ugscr
eat
esexuali
nst
inct
swi
thi
n
t
heper
sonwhot
akest
hem.

 Al
ong si
ckness ofsexualpar
tnermayl
ead t
he ot
hert
o pr
act
ice mast
urbat
ion
whenev
erhet
hinksofsexanddoesnotwantt
ogooutf
oradul
ter
y.

 Thef
eart
o getunwant
ed pr
egnanci
es:Gi
rl
scommonl
ydo t
hispr
act
icemaybe
dodgi
ngpr
egnancywhent
heyar
enoty
etsetf
orchi
l
dcar
e.

 Pov
ert
y:Some men pr
act
ice i
t because of pov
ert
ythey can’
t af
for
d buy
ing
cont
racept
ivesl
i
kecondomsi
nor
dert
osl
eepwi
thawomanandatt
hesamet
imef
ear
f
ori
mpr
egnat
ingofwomen.
`
 Bor
edom andl
onel
iness:Themor
eti
mesay
out
htakesst
ayi
ngal
oneandt
hinki
ng
aboutsexorsl
eepi
ngf
ormucht
imei
sli
kel
ythatt
hechancesofmast
urbat
ionwi
l
lbe
hi
gh.

THEI
MPACTSOFMASTURBATI
ON

 I
tmaydest
abi
l
izeone’
swor
krat
eonef
fi
ciencyi
fhe/
shepr
act
icesi
tfr
equent
lyandcan
ev
enr
eal
i
zeshamei
npubl
i
c.

 I
tmaybr
ingpubl
i
cshamet
oaper
sonl
i
kei
naboar
dingschoolt
heonewhoi
sreal
i
zing
t
hathe/
shei
smast
urbat
ing.

 I
tmaybecomeahabi
ttosomebodyandev
enwhenhe/
sheget
smar
ri
edi
twi
l
lnotst
op.

 Onesst
rengt
hofwor
kmayber
educedespeci
all
yifhecomest
owor
kaf
terwet
dr
eamsatni
ght
.

 I
tmayl
eadt
oser
iouspuni
shment
stoy
oungonesi
ffoundpr
act
ici
ngi
tathome.

 I
tmaycausedamagest
oonespr
oper
tyespeci
all
ythebedsheet
sandmat
tresses.

 I
tmaycr
eat
e hi
gh f
earf
act
or/
inf
eri
ori
tycompl
ex especi
all
ya man t
o appr
oach
opposi
tesexf
orsexual
aff
air
sifhehasbeenmuchusedt
omast
urbat
ion.

 Thewomanwhousesar
ti
fi
ciali
temsl
i
kewoodenpeni
smaygetdamagest
othei
r
r
epr
oduct
iveor
gans.

 Atschool
,itmayi
nter
fer
ewi
thone’
sacademi
cper
for
manceandonemi
ghtl
ose
concent
rat
ionatst
udi
es.

 I
tmayl
eadt
ofami
l
ybr
eakdowni
foneoft
hepar
tner
sreal
i
zest
heot
herdoi
ngi
t.

 I
tmayaf
fectenj
oymentofsexi
nthehomebecausei
famanf
ir
stmast
urbat
esbef
ore
meet
ingt
hewi
fe,
thewomanmaynotbeact
ual
l
ysat
isf
ied.

HOMOSEXUALI
TY/
LESBI
ANI
SM

I
saf
orm ofsexpl
ayedbet
weenpeopl
eoft
hesamesexespeci
all
ythement
hemsel
ves.

CAUSESOFHOMOSEXUALI
TYANDDEFI
LEMENT

 Thef
eart
oappr
oacht
oopposi
tesex.(
Shy
ness)
`
 Feart
ogetpr
egnancyandt
her
equi
rement
sassoci
atedwi
thi
t.Thati
stosay
,car
ingf
or
t
hebaby
.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofpor
nogr
aphy
:Manyy
out
htheseday
swat
chandseemenact
ingupon
t
hemsel
vessexual
l
y.Thi
shascausedt
heUgandanci
ti
zensadopti
tthi
nki
ngi
tisasi
gn.

 Longst
ayi
ngi
nasi
ngl
eli
feespeci
all
yinpur
esi
ngl
eboy
sboar
dingschool
s.

 Thehi
ghdesi
ref
ormoney
.Thati
stosay
,somey
out
hhav
eengagedi
nitbecauset
hey
ar
epr
omi
sedhi
ghsum ofmoneyandev
ent
hei
rsponsor
spr
act
icei
t.

 Lackofopposi
tesext
oli
vewi
thasapar
tneri
not
herwor
ds,womenar
escar
cewhi
ch
makesment
odoi
t.

 Bar
renness/
impot
enceont
hesi
deofaboymaymakehi
mfeart
ogof
orawomanwho
mayl
atercomet
oreal
i
zet
heydonotpr
oducechi
l
dren.

 Fearofr
esponsi
bil
i
tyasar
equi
rementoff
utur
efat
heri
nthehome.

 I
nfl
uenceofpeergr
oupmember
swhomayal
sobeengagedi
nitespeci
all
yatschool
l
evel
.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofdr
ugsl
i
kekubber
,thatmaycr
eat
equi
cksexual
inst
inct
stoamanwho
f
ail
stogetawomanbutcanpi
ckaf
ell
owwoman.

 Lackofsexual
educat
ionl
ect
uresbot
hathomeandschool
.

 I
tmayal
sobedi
sappoi
ntmentf
rom agi
rlf
ri
endwhent
heywoul
dexpectt
obet
hei
r
f
utur
epar
tner
s(wi
ves)

 Ment
ali
l
lness(
psy
chol
ogi
calpr
obl
ems)t
hatmaydi
sor
gani
zeonesbr
aint
otheext
ent
ofcompl
etel
yhat
ingwoman

OUTCOMESOFHOMOSEXUALI
TY/
LESBI
ANI
SIM

 Bot
hhomosexual
/l
esbi
ani
sm l
edt
oschooldr
opout
.Thi
sisbecauseal
lschoolr
ules
andr
egul
ati
onar
eagai
nstsuchhabi
ts.

 Thesesexact
shav
eledt
oincr
easeofSTDl
i
keHI
V,Sy
phi
l
is,Gonor
rheaandmany
ot
her
s.

 Anumberofpeopl
ehav
ebeeni
mpr
isonedf
orpr
act
ici
ngsuchsexualabusewhi
chi
sa
l
awf
uli
nmanycount
ri
es.

 Thet
wov
iceshav
eal
sonegat
ivel
yaf
fect
edt
hegov
ernmentbecauset
heyar
enot
`
pr
oduct
ivebusi
nesst
axescanbechanged.

 Onel
osesr
especti
nsoci
etyi
fheorshei
sknownt
opr
act
icesuchahabi
t

 Suchpeopl
ewhopr
act
icet
hehabi
tofhomosexual
i
ty/
lesbi
ani
sm donothav
erespect
t
owar
dsr
eli
gionandsoci
etycust
oms.

 Mor
esopeopl
ewhopr
act
icehomosexual
i
tyandl
esbi
ani
sm hav
eledt
odecl
i
nei
nour
t
radi
ti
onal
cul
tur
alwher
esuchact
snev
erexi
sted.Ev
ent
hosewhopr
act
icedsexbef
ore
mar
ri
agewer
eheav
il
ypuni
shed.

 Homosexual
i
tyandl
esbi
ani
sm hasl
edt
olowpopul
ati
oni
nthecount
ry.Thi
shasl
edt
o
shor
tageofl
abort
hatwoul
dbeusedi
nthedev
elopmentofl
abort
hatwoul
dbeusedi
n
t
hecount
ry.

 Thet
wosexualact
sar
edanger
ousbecausei
nsuchpl
acesl
i
keschool
s,i
nnocentboy
s
andgi
rl
shav
ebeeni
nfl
uencedt
oadoptt
hehabi
tst
oo.

 Theactofhomosexual
i
tyandl
esbi
ani
sm i
sdanger
ousi
nsoci
etybecausei
thasl
edt
o
numberofr
iot
sanddemonst
rat
ionsf
ormt
hedamageofsomepr
oper
tyandl
ossof
l
i
ves.

 Howev
er,
onewhopr
act
icesi
tmayposi
ti
vel
ygai
nthr
oughear
ningsomemoneyt
ohel
p
sol
vehi
sorherpr
obl
ems.

 Somepeopl
egetsomeexper
ienceneededi
nfut
urewhenmar
ri
ageoft
heopposi
te
f
utur
ecomes.

BI
BLEOBJECTI
ONSTOHOMOSEXUALI
TYANDLESBI
ANI
SM

 Accor
dingt
oGod’
scr
eat
ionhecr
eat
edmal
eandf
emal
etol
i
veaspar
tneri
nmar
ri
age
nott
oli
vebet
weenmanandmanorf
emal
eandf
emal
e.

 Accor
dingt
oGod,sexwasbl
essedt
obepl
ayedonl
yinmar
ri
ageandonl
ybet
ween
manandwomannotpeopl
eoft
hesamesex.Thi
siswhyGodcr
eat
edEv
eforAdam.

 Accor
dingt
oGenesi
s1:
26-
28,i
tiscl
ear
lyst
atedt
hatGodt
oldmanandwomant
obe
f
rui
tf
ul,mul
ti
ply
,and subduet
heear
th buthomosexual
i
tyand l
esbi
ani
sm do not
`
suppor
tit
.

 Accor
dingt
oGenesi
s1:
9,Goddoesnotsuppor
tthet
woact
sthatar
ewhyhedest
roy
ed
t
heci
ti
esofSodom andGomor
rahf
ort
hei
ract
sofhomosexual
i
ty.

 Chr
ist
iani
tyopposest
het
woact
sbasi
ngont
het
eachi
ngi
n1Cor
int
hians6:
9-10,
wher
e
Paul
say
sthatt
heunr
ight
eousl
i
kehomosexual
swi
l
lnoti
nher
itt
heki
ngdom ofGod.

 Agai
naccor
dingt
oCor
int
hians,Pault
eachest
hepeopl
ethatt
hei
rbodi
esar
etempl
es
oft
heHol
ySpi
ri
twhi
cht
heyshoul
dn’
tmi
suse1Cor
int
hians6:
19.

 The t
eachi
ng i
n 1Ti
mot
hy 1:
9-10 al
so condemns i
mmor
alact
sin soci
etyl
i
ke
homosexual
i
tyandl
esbi
ani
sm.

RAPEANDDEFI
LEMENT

Raper
efer
stot
heuseofv
iol
enceorf
orcet
ohav
esexwi
thanol
dwomanwi
thouther
consent
.

Def
il
ementr
efer
stosexuali
nter
cour
sebet
weenamanwhomaybeabov
e18y
ear
s
wi
thagi
rlbel
ow18y
ear
saccor
dingt
olawsofUganda.

Todayi
nUganda,t
her
ear
emor
epr
act
icesofdef
il
ementandr
apeandt
hecr
oss
sect
ionofpeopl
etobei
nvol
vedi
nrapeanddef
il
ementcasesi
ncl
udepast
ors,
teacher
s
andst
udent
s.

CAUSESOFRAPEANDDEFI
LEMENT

Casesofr
apeanddef
il
ementhav
eincr
easedi
nUgandamai
nlybecauseoft
her
easons
di
scussedbel
ow:

 Thef
ail
ureofcour
tsofl
aw andt
hel
egalsy
stem t
oexecut
ethei
rdut
ieshasgi
ven
chancef
ormanypeopl
etogeti
nvol
vedi
nrapeanddef
il
ement
.

 Ther
eisal
otofcor
rupt
ionandbr
iber
yincour
tsofl
awandt
hepol
i
cepl
ust
hesuspect
r
elat
ivesf
orexampl
ein1999Fr
edMwangawhodef
il
edaoney
earbabyi
nMat
ugga
wasr
eleasedbyKawempepol
i
cest
ati
onaf
teri
mpr
isoni
nghi
mforonemont
h.

 Thedecl
i
nei
nrel
i
giousconv
ict
ionandt
hegener
albr
eakdownofmor
alsamongpeopl
e
heal
socr
eat
edspacef
orr
apeanddef
il
ementi
nthesoci
ety
.Forexampl
e,Rev
.Fat
her
Ant
honyMusaal
awast
hef
ormerspokenchur
chmi
nist
erser
vingi
nRubagaCat
hedr
al
i
n2013wasaccusedbyf
ell
owpr
iest
sofsexcr
imes.
`
 Theweakandunf
airpuni
shment
spassedont
hesuspect
swhenpr
ovedgui
l
tyhav
e
al
sol
edt
orapeanddef
il
ement
.Themaxi
mum sent
enceaccor
dingt
othel
aw of
Ugandai
sadeat
hpenal
tybuti
thasnev
erbeengi
vent
oanysuspectwhi
chmakes
t
hosepr
act
icest
ocont
inue.

 Thepr
ocedur
es/
techni
quesusedi
nsuchcasest
oconf
ir
mther
api
stort
hedef
il
erar
e
i
mpossi
blef
orexampl
ethev
ict
im hast
obeexami
nedbyt
hedoct
orwhoar
enor
mal
l
y
pl
acedi
nKampal
ayett
hecasesofr
apeanddef
il
ementmai
nlyoccuri
nrur
alar
eas.

 Such casesnor
mal
l
yat
tractt
heat
tent
ion oft
hepubl
i
csi
ncet
heyappeart
o be
i
nter
est
ingwhi
chmaybi
ast
hej
udgeduet
opubl
i
cit
y.Forexampl
eiti
sal
l
egedt
hat
MusaEwer
uwasar
rest
edi
n2001suspect
edofdef
il
ingandi
mpr
egnat
ingt
hegi
rland
si
ncet
hecasewasi
nvol
vi
ngt
hepl
ace,t
hemi
nist
erwassetf
reesay
ingt
hatewas
i
nnocentandt
hecasewasdi
smi
ssed.

 Ther
eisal
otofmi
ssi
ngf
il
escont
aini
ngev
idenceagai
nstr
api
stordef
il
ersi
ncour
tsof
l
awandpol
i
ce.

 Del
aysi
ncour
tsy
stem whenev
ersuchcasescomeupf
orhear
ingsi
mpl
ybecauset
he
pol
i
cef
orcei
nUgandai
sinpoorcondi
ti
onsandl
ackequi
pment
stohandl
esuchcases.

 Suspect
sofr
apeanddef
il
ementnor
mal
l
yescapef
rom pol
i
cecel
l
sbecauseofpoor
st
ruct
uresofpol
i
cest
ati
onsi
nUganda.Thati
stosay
,inr
uralar
eassomepol
i
cecel
l
s
ar
est
il
lmadeofmudorbui
l
tusi
ngi
ronsheet
seasyt
obr
eak.

 Bot
hnat
ionalandpr
ivat
emedi
alacki
nfor
mat
ionaboutr
apeanddef
il
ementwhi
ch
makest
wopr
act
icest
ocont
inuei
nsoci
ety
.

 Lackofsensi
ti
zat
ionbypol
i
ceandcour
tsofl
awaboutt
heser
iousnessandwhatmust
bedone.

 Lackoff
aci
l
itat
ionbycour
tsofl
awasi
tisgat
her
ingev
idenceagai
nstt
hesuspect
.The
cour
tmayr
equi
rev
ict
imst
oappearsev
eralt
imesassumi
ngshecamef
rom f
arand
shecannotshow upt
hecaseshoul
dbedi
smi
ssedhencegi
vi
ngchancet
ovi
cti
mto
cont
inuewi
thhi
shabi
t.

DANGERSOFRAPEANDDEFI
LEMENT

 Rapeordef
il
ementcanl
eadt
odeat
hincaseoneusest
oomuchf
orceuponav
ery
`
weakopponent
.

 Rapeordef
il
ementcanl
eadst
ounwant
edpr
egnanci
escausi
ngov
erpopul
ati
oni
nthe
count
ry.

 Anyoft
het
wosexual
misusescancausei
mpr
isonmenti
ncaseonei
scaughtr
api
ngor
def
il
ing.

 Rapeanddef
il
ementl
eadt
oincr
easedspr
eadofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seases.

 Onel
osesdi
gni
tyorr
especti
nthesoci
etyi
fnot
iced.

 Rapeanddef
il
ementdonotcauseenj
oymentofsext
othepeopl
e.

 I
fonei
snot
edi
nvol
vedi
nrapeordef
il
ement
,hemayl
eadt
omobj
ust
ices.

 Rapeordef
il
ementcausesbar
rennesst
othewomen.Thewomanmayhav
epr
oduct
ive
oper
ati
onsatt
het
imeofabor
ti
on.

 Thegi
rl
sloset
hei
rvi
rgi
nit
ymeani
ngbr
ideweal
thmaybel
ower
ed.

 I
tcanl
eaddr
oppi
ngoutofschool
especi
all
yifoner
ecei
vedunwant
edpr
egnanci
es.

 Rapeordef
il
ementcancauseabnor
malbi
rt
hbecausegi
rl
smayhav
egotpr
egnantata
v
eryt
enderage.

 Rapeanddef
il
ementcancausepar
ent
aldeni
al.Par
ent
smaychasey
ououtofhomei
f
y
ouar
ecaughtasadef
il
er.

 Thet
woev
il
sofsexmi
susecanl
eadt
ori
sksofabor
ti
onwhi
chmayr
esul
tint
o
bi
rt
h/deat
h.

 Rapeanddef
il
ementcausesphy
siol
ogi
calf
ort
unet
oti
resomeandmayhat
esex
t
hroughoutherl
i
fe.

THEWAYSHOW RAPEANDDEFI
LEMEMNTCANBEREDUCED

 Rapi
stswhoar
ecaughti
nact
sshoul
dbecounsel
edt
hatt
heychanget
hei
rimmor
al
behav
ior
sbutnotj
ustki
l
li
ngt
hem byput
ti
ngt
hem ondeci
dabl
e.

 Ther
api
stsordef
il
erswhoar
ewel
lknowni
nasoci
etyshoul
dbeadv
isedt
ogetsexual
par
tner
sathomewhocanr
educeont
hei
rsexual
appet
it
e.

 I
ndecentdr
essi
ngi
nasoci
etyespeci
all
yfr
om t
hewomensi
deshoul
dbecompl
etel
y
`
abol
i
shedi
nthepubl
i
c.

 Ther
eli
giousl
eader
sshoul
dnotbeshyt
otal
kaboutsexabusei
nsoci
etymost
especi
all
yrapeanddef
il
ement
.

 Sexeducat
ionshoul
dber
e-awakenedbot
hatschoolandathomebyt
hepar
ent
s
t
owar
dst
hei
rchi
l
dreni
nter
msofl
anguage.

 Thegov
ernmentputst
ri
ctl
awsont
hepr
oduct
ionofpor
nogr
aphi
cmat
eri
alssucht
hat
t
hechi
l
drenshoul
dnotgetexposedt
osuchmat
eri
alsl
i
kebl
uemov
ieswhi
chchange
t
hei
rbehav
ior
ssexual
l
y.

 Heav
ypuni
shment
sshoul
dbeof
fer
edt
oof
fender
swhohav
ebeencaughti
ntheact
.
Forexampl
egi
vi
ngt
hem har
dlaborandl
ongt
imesucht
hatt
heyl
ear
nthel
essonand
al
sot
hreat
enedot
her
sfr
om doi
ngi
t.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dhel
pbyel
i
minat
ingar
api
stf
rom t
hesoci
etybyput
ti
ngt
hem i
n
aspeci
alr
ehabi
l
itat
ioncent
re.

 Womenshoul
dal
sobeadv
isedt
owat
cht
hei
rmov
ement
sespeci
all
yatni
ghti
ftheyar
e
t
omov
enearmal
esi
ndar
k.

 Womenshoul
dbeadv
isedbyt
heel
der
stosi
twel
lint
hepubl
i
csucht
hatt
heywoul
d
notexposet
hei
rpr
ivat
epar
tswhi
chcanat
tractt
her
api
sts.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dtr
ytor
educeont
hemat
uri
tyagef
ort
heper
sonsucht
hatev
en
awomanof16y
ear
swhoi
snotbusywi
thst
udi
esi
sfr
eet
ogetmar
ri
ed.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dtr
ytopr
ovi
demor
ejobsoppor
tuni
ti
essucht
hati
dlenesswhi
ch
canf
orceonet
odef
il
e/r
apeawomancoul
dbeel
i
minat
edi
nthesoci
ety
.

 The gov
ernmentshoul
d putst
ri
ctl
aws whi
ch can ar
restt
he per
son caughti
n
def
il
ement
.

ADULTERY
`
Adul
ter
yiswhenamar
ri
edper
soni
sinv
olv
edi
nsexual
int
ercour
sewi
thanot
herper
son
ot
hert
hanhi
s/herr
ealmar
ri
edpar
tner
.

I
not
herwor
ds,i
tissexuali
nter
cour
seout
sidet
heof
fi
cialmar
ri
aget
hat
’swhypeopl
e
r
efert
oitbei
ngunf
ait
hful
.

CAUSESOFADULTERY

 Bar
rennessandi
mpot
encehasmadev
erymanymar
ri
edpeopl
etocommi
tadul
ter
y.
Somet
imeswhenonef
ail
stopr
oduce,
shemaydeci
det
olookf
orchi
l
drenout
sidet
he
of
fi
cial
mar
ri
ageandt
hisi
ster
medasadul
ter
y.

 Domest
icv
iol
enceorconf
li
ctsi
nmar
ri
agesshowsal
otofnol
ovebet
weenmanand
womanandasar
esul
tcheat
ingmaybet
hesol
uti
onandt
hisi
snor
mal
l
yseenasasi
gn
ofr
evengebet
weent
hemar
ri
edcoupl
es.

 I
tisal
l
egedt
hatHadi
j
ahNasej
j
eaf
ormerwi
fet
opast
orKi
gandaofChr
ist
iani
tyFocus
Cent
rei
nMengoKi
seny
iKampal
aci
tysepar
atedbecauset
hewi
fewascheat
ingont
he
husbandi
n2006.Shewascaughti
nsexuall
ovewi
thMukwasiachapat
timakeri
nthe
nei
ghbour
-hood.

 Thei
ncr
easedl
evelofpov
ert
yinhomesespeci
all
ywher
ethehusbandcan’
tpr
ovi
det
he
basi
cneedsl
i
kecl
othes,f
ood,shel
terandl
ookaf
tert
hewi
feawomanwi
l
llookf
or
anot
hermanwhocanpr
ovi
det
henecessi
ti
es.

 Womenemanci
pat
ionwher
etheycl
aimt
ohav
eequalwi
thamanandt
heybel
i
eve
what
everamandoes,
theycanal
sodoi
t.Themomentawomansuspect
sthehusband
cheat
ingonhershewi
l
lal
sogetanot
hermant
orev
enge.

 Lackofsexsat
isf
act
ioni
nmar
ri
ageespeci
all
ymenwhocan’
tmar
kthei
rwi
vesendup
commi
tt
ingadul
ter
y.

 Somepar
tner
sinmar
ri
agehav
esexuall
i
bidot
otheext
entt
hatt
heycan’
tbesat
isf
ied
byasi
ngl
emar
ri
edpar
tnerhencecommi
tt
ingadul
ter
y.

 Long separ
ati
on ofmar
ri
ed peopl
elead t
otempt
ati
ons whi
ch may r
esul
tint
o
commi
tt
ingadul
ter
y.Thati
stosay
,mar
ri
edmeni
nUgandagoi
ngt
owor
kabr
oadl
i
ving
t
hei
rpar
tner
sinUgandaendupbei
ngat
tempt
edt
oadul
ter
y.

 Thepr
esenceofcont
racept
ivesi
nfor
m ofpi
l
ls,condomsandi
nject
ionshasmade
mar
ri
edpar
tner
stoknow t
hatt
heyar
esaf
efr
om pr
egnancyandSTDsbyusi
ngpi
l
ls
`
andcondomshenceadul
ter
y.

 Pr
oduci
ngchi
l
drenofsamesexi
susedasanexcuset
ocheatt
hei
rwi
vesexpect
ingt
o
getchi
l
dofanot
hersexi
nsi
demar
ri
age.

 Peergr
oupi
nfl
uencehascont
ri
but
edt
oadul
ter
yal
soi
nUgandat
oday
.

 Lackofenought
imef
orapar
tnerespeci
all
ywher
eonecl
aimst
obesobusyandmost
casesonemayhav
edeci
dedt
ocheatont
heot
herast
heonl
ysol
uti
onandt
hismost
casesasasi
gnofr
evengebet
weenmar
ri
edpar
tner
s.

 Dr
ugabusel
i
keal
cohol
i
sm whi
chmakesmar
ri
edpeopl
eunabl
etocont
rolt
hei
rsexual
t
empt
ati
onshencer
esul
ti
ngi
ntoadul
ter
y.Forexampl
e,i
n2008t
heBugandaki
ngdom
or
gani
zedt
hecel
ebr
ati
ont
omar
ktheendoft
hey
ear‘
‘
enkuuka’
’wher
eamar
ri
edman
wascaughthav
ingsexwi
thanot
herwoman.
.

DANGERSOFADULTERY

 Adul
ter
yleadst
ofr
ust
rat
ionandpsy
chol
ogi
cal
tor
tur
e.

 I
tleadst
oeasyspr
eadofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seasesf
orexampl
eHI
V/AI
DS.

 I
tal
sol
eadst
olossofdi
gni
tyandr
especti
ncommuni
ty.

 Unf
ait
hful
nessamongt
hemar
ri
edpeopl
e.

 I
tleadst
oabor
ti
onandsomet
imesbar
renness.

 I
tleadst
omi
sunder
standi
ngsbet
weenf
ami
l
iesoft
hecoupl
es.

 I
tleadst
ounwant
edpr
egnanci
es.

 I
tleadst
olossofpr
oper
tyamongt
hepar
tner
s.

 I
tunder
minesgod’
simagei
nman.

 Thegi
ftofsexl
osesmeani
ng.

 I
tshowsabadexampl
etochi
l
drenwhent
heyar
eshar
edaspr
oper
ti
es.

 Adul
ter
ymayl
eadt
odeat
hespeci
all
yaf
teramani
shur
tbyawoman.Forexampl
e
Bat
hshebaandDav
idwhol
ostt
hei
rfi
rstbor
nson.

THEPROBABLESOLUTI
ONSTOADULTERY
`
 Thegov
ernmentt
oget
herwi
tht
henongov
ernmentor
gani
zat
ionsshoul
dtr
ytof
ight
agai
nstpeopl
ewhousedr
ugsl
i
keVi
agr
a,cocai
ne,kubberwhi
chi
ntensepeopl
e’
s
sexual
desi
resev
enwhent
heyhav
enobodyathomet
ocat
erf
ori
t.

 Theper
sonneedst
obet
akenf
orgui
danceandcounsel
i
ngsoasshe/hecanchange
behav
iorf
rom t
headv
iceofcounsel
ors.

 Adv
isepeopl
etoav
oidpeergr
oupi
nfl
uence.

 Adv
iceshoul
dbegi
vent
othepar
tner
stogetchur
chmar
ri
age,obser
vet
hei
rmar
ri
age
v
owsandpr
act
icemonogamousmar
ri
age.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dputupst
ri
ctl
awsaboutmar
ri
age.Forexampl
etheadul
ter
ous
shoul
dbeki
l
ledl
i
ket
hemosai
clawsst
ate.

 Par
tner
sshoul
dgot
oget
hert
oenj
oyt
hei
rlei
sur
eact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kei
nmov
iest
odi
scuss
aboutt
hei
rdi
ff
erence.

 Mar
ri
agecoupl
esshoul
drespectoneanot
heri
nor
dert
ohav
east
abl
emar
ri
age.That
i
sto say
,compani
onshi
p shoul
d beext
ended bet
ween t
hepar
tner
sast
hebi
ble
st
resses.

 Par
tner
sshoul
dtr
ythei
rlev
elbestt
osat
isf
yoneanot
hersexual
l
ysoast
oav
oidone
f
rom mov
ingoutt
ogetsexual
sat
isf
act
ionf
rom ot
herpar
tner
s.

 Par
tner
sshoul
dgetnear
byj
obst
othei
rhomesast
oreduceont
hehi
ghchancesof
t
hei
rpar
tner
smov
ingoutduet
osear
chf
orsexual
sat
isf
act
ionf
rom ot
herpeopl
e.

BI
BLI
CALTEACHI
NGABOUTADULTERY

 Manandwomanf
oundcommi
tt
ingadul
ter
ywer
esupposedt
obest
onedt
odeat
has
i
ndi
cat
edi
nDeut
eronomy22:
22henceadul
ter
yisaser
ioussi
npuni
shabl
ebydeat
h.

 Ki
ngDav
idcommi
tt
edadul
ter
ywi
thBat
hshebaandpr
oducedasonwhol
aterdi
ed
despi
teDav
id’
spr
ayer
s. Thi
smeanst
hatal
thoughDav
idr
epent
edbuthi
ssondi
ed
becauseGodhat
esadul
ter
y.

 Al
thoughsexi
sabl
essi
ngf
rom Godnomani
sal
l
owedt
ohav
esexwi
thanot
herman’
s
wi
febecausesuchamancommi
tsadul
ter
ywhi
chi
sagai
nstGod’
scommandment
s(2
Sam 11)

 Oneoft
het
hingswhi
chmadeaper
sonuncl
eani
ntheI
srael
i
tescommuni
tywas
adul
ter
y(Lev
iti
cus18:
20)hencet
heMosai
cLawi
sver
ycl
earandagai
nstt
hispr
act
ice.
`
 Menwer
ewar
nednev
ert
obet
empt
edbyt
hebeaut
yandt
heey
esofanot
herman’
s
wi
fe(
Prov
erbs5:
23)

 I
ntheTenCommandment
sadul
ter
yiscondemnedf
ormenandwomen.Thati
stosay
,
amani
spr
ohi
bit
edt
ohav
esexual
int
ercour
sewi
thanot
herman’
swi
feasawoman.

 Accor
dingt
oMat
hew5:
31di
vor
ceandadul
ter
yar
econdemnedbyGodhi
msel
f.

 Al
thoughadul
ter
yisasi
nmar
ri
edpar
tner
sshoul
dfor
giv
eeachot
herf
ort
hesakeof
mar
ri
ager
elat
ionshi
p. Forexampl
e,Hoseaf
orgav
ehi
swi
feGomer
whenev
ershecamebackf
rom herl
over
s(Hosea4,
3)

 WhenJesuswast
eachi
ngaboutmar
ri
age,hesai
dthatamanwhodi
vor
ceshi
swi
fe
andmar
ri
esanot
heronecommi
tsadul
ter
yandt
hev
icev
ersa(
Mar
k10:
11-
12)

 John8:
1-12pr
esentJesusf
orgi
vi
ngawomanwhowascaughtcommi
tt
ingadul
ter
y
t
huspar
tner
shav
etof
orgi
veeachot
hersi
ncet
her
eisnosi
nwhi
chi
sunf
orgi
vabl
e
whenoner
epent
s.

 I
n1Cor
int
hians7:
10-
11,
ther
eisaser
iouswar
ningt
omar
ri
edpeopl
enott
oleav
ethei
r
par
tner
sandal
way
stor
econci
l
e.

 Lev20:
10condemnsadul
ter
yandgoesaheadt
osayt
hatbot
hmanandwomanwho
commi
tadul
ter
yshoul
dbeser
iousl
ypuni
shedsi
ncei
tisasi
niney
esofGod

ABORTI
ON

Abor
ti
oni
sthedel
i
ber
ateexpul
sionoft
heunbor
nchi
l
dorf
oet
usf
rom t
hemot
her
’s
womby
eti
tisst
il
lunabl
etol
i
ve i
ndependentl
i
ves.

 Abor
ti
ondef
ersf
rom mi
scar
ri
agei
nthati
tisi
ntendedwhi
l
emi
scar
ri
ageoccur
sunder
nat
ural
cir
cumst
ances.

 I
nmanycount
ri
esi
ncl
udi
ngUgandaabor
ti
oni
sil
l
egalanddi
scour
agedbyChr
ist
ians
si
ncei
tisr
egar
dedasmur
der
.

 Womenact
ivi
ti
esadt
hatwomenshoul
dbegi
vent
hei
rri
ght
stot
reatt
hei
rbodi
esas
t
heywi
shandnobodyshoul
dpenet
rat
ethei
rpr
ivacy
.Theyhav
etr
iedt
opusht
hel
aw
maki
ngabor
ti
onl
egal
inUganda.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,abor
ti
onwasv
eryl
i
mit
edi
fatal
lwast
her
e.Thi
sis
becausey
ounggi
rl
swer
ecar
efulnott
oconcei
vebef
oremar
ri
agei
ftheydi
dsoal
otof
t
aboosandcl
eansi
ngr
it
ual
swer
eper
for
medandt
hishadt
obedonebef
oret
hegi
rl
`
wasf
ull
yaccept
edi
nthesoci
ety
.

 I
nsomecommuni
ti
es,
thegi
rlcoul
dbeki
l
ledbyt
hebr
other
soncedi
scov
eredpr
egnant
andt
oot
hersoci
eti
est
hegi
rlwasf
orcedi
ntomar
ri
aget
oav
oidconsequencesand
shame.

 I
nsomecount
ri
esl
i
keUSAabor
ti
oni
sdonef
reel
ywi
thoutanyr
est
ri
cti
on.Awoman
canmov
etoanycl
i
nicandseekabor
ti
onser
vicessi
ncei
tisl
egal
.

JUSTI
FICATI
ONOFABORTI
ON

 Womenur
get
hatabor
ti
onshoul
dbel
egal
i
zedundert
hef
oll
owi
ngci
rcumst
ances;

 I
fthegi
rl
’s/
woman’
spr
egnancywasar
esul
tofr
apeandt
her
eisnoknowl
edgeor
i
nfor
mat
ionaboutt
hef
athert
othechi
l
dthenabor
ti
onshoul
dbecar
ri
edout
. A
womanoragi
rlshoul
dnotbef
orcedt
obearagai
nstherwi
l
landunderpsy
chol
ogi
cal
t
ort
ure.

 Abor
ti
onshoul
dbeaccept
edofwhi
chi
tist
hebestescaper
out
eincaseofunwant
ed
pr
egnancy(
ifawomanf
orgott
otakeherpi
l
lsandendupconcei
vi
ng)
.

 I
fthecostofsav
inganunbor
nchi
l
dist
hedeat
hoft
hemot
her
,thent
hebestopt
iont
o
bedonet
osav
ethemot
herbycar
ryi
ngoutabor
ti
on.

 I
tcanbej
ust
if
iedi
fthechi
l
dtobepr
oducedwoul
dbeaneconomi
cbur
dent
othe
f
ami
l
yasar
esul
tofhav
ingmanychi
l
dren.Anaddi
ti
onalchi
l
dmaycr
eat
est
ressand
l
eadt
ofami
l
yinst
abi
l
ityt
her
efor
eabor
ti
onshoul
dbeal
l
owed.

 I
fthechi
l
dexpect
edwi
l
lbebi
ologi
cal
l
ydef
ormedsuchachi
l
dwi
l
lleadt
owast
ageof
r
esour
cesandt
imeandmanydonotl
i
ve,
nor
mal
i
zeordi
esoon.

 Abor
ti
oncanbehel
pifachi
l
disl
i
kel
ytobet
hesexwhi
chi
snotcal
l
edf
or.

 Womenal
sosuggestt
hatabor
ti
oni
sapr
ivat
emat
ter
.Theunbor
nisanext
ensi
onof
t
hei
rmot
her
’sbodi
essot
heyhav
ether
ightt
oremov
eanyunwant
edpar
toft
hei
r
bodi
es.

 Abor
ti
oncanal
sobej
ust
if
iedi
ncaset
hepr
egnancywasofi
ncestandwoul
dbr
ing
aboutdi
srespecti
nsoci
etyandbesi
descur
ses.

 Abor
ti
oncanbeagr
eatweapont
ousei
nfi
ght
ingpopul
ati
ongr
owt
hwhi
chhasal
otof
negat
iveef
fect
sli
keunempl
oymentt
her
efor
eitshoul
dbeaccept
ed.
`
 Gen2:
7decl
arest
hatmanbecameal
i
vingbei
ngonl
yaf
terGodgi
vi
nghi
mli
feand
si
ncebr
eat
hingdoesnotoccurunt
ilbi
rt
htheunbor
nisnoty
etf
ull
yahumanunt
ilbi
rt
h.
Heyal
sosayt
hatabor
ti
onshoul
dbej
ust
if
iedbecauset
her
eisnowher
eint
hebi
ble
wher
eiti
sdi
scour
aged.

CHRI
STI
ANARGUMENTAGAI
NSTABORTI
ON

 I
nPsal
ms1:
39humanl
i
febegi
nsi
nthewomb,sot
ermi
nat
ingapr
egnancymeans
endi
ngal
i
feofahumanbei
ng. Soabor
ti
oncan’
tbej
ust
if
iedi
nanywaybecausei
tis
mur
der
.

 Thebi
bleandt
hechur
chr
ecogni
zeGodast
heonl
ygi
verofl
i
feandt
her
efor
etheonl
y
onet
otakei
tway
s.Ther
efor
eabor
ti
oni
sav
iol
ati
onoft
hel
aw ofchur
chandHol
y
Scr
ipt
ures.

 Abor
ti
onmayl
eadt
oser
iouscompl
i
cat
ionsuchasdef
ect
ivecer
vix.Thi
smayr
esul
t
i
ntobar
enesswhi
chunder
minesGod’
scommandofpr
o-cr
eat
ion(
gen1)

 Abor
ti
onmayl
eadt
odeat
hoft
hewoul
d-bemot
her
. Thi
sisbecauseoft
hecr
ude
met
hodsusedwhi
chmayl
eadt
ohi
ghl
ossofbl
oodori
fabor
ti
oni
scar
ri
edoutdur
ing
ear
lypr
egnanci
es.

 Abor
ti
oni
sassoci
atedwi
thv
erymanyev
il
swhi
chi
scondemnedbybot
hthechur
ch
andsci
ent
ist
s.Ther
efor
e,t
hosewhopr
act
icei
tar
elookedataspr
ost
it
utesspoi
l
t
chi
l
drenwi
thoutmanner
s.

 Abor
ti
oncausepsy
chol
ogi
calandemot
ionali
mbal
anceswhi
chmayper
sistonev
en
adul
tli
fe.Ther
efor
eyouendupcondemni
ngy
our
sel
fforki
l
li
ngani
nnocentbaby
.

 Abor
ti
onmaypr
omot
eimmor
ali
tyi
nsoci
etyespeci
all
yamongschoolchi
l
dren.So,i
t
shoul
dnotbesuppor
tedbecausei
tisagai
nstGod’
scommandment
s.

 I
tis al
so agai
nstt
he Ugandan l
aw f
orany
bodyt
o car
ryoutabor
ti
on orassi
st
somebodyt
odosot
her
efor
eChr
ist
iansar
eexpect
edt
orespectt
hel
aws.

 Abor
ti
onmayl
eadt
olossofav
eryi
mpor
tantper
sonwhocoul
dbebenef
ici
ali
nthe
f
utur
ether
efor
etheunbor
nshoul
dbegi
venoppor
tuni
tyt
oli
ve.

 I
ncaseofr
ape,abor
ti
onwi
l
lbeshi
ft
ingbl
amet
othei
nnocentper
son,t
wowr
ongsdo
`
notequal
tor
ight
.

 Abor
ti
onl
eadst
olossofdi
gni
tyt
her
efor
ethosewhopr
act
icei
tar
enotr
espect
ed.

 I
tcanl
eadt
oimpr
isonment

 I
tleadst
odi
vor
cei
ncaseofmar
ri
edpeopl
e.

PROSTI
TUTI
ON

 Thi
sref
erst
osexualr
elat
ionshi
pinexchangef
oreconomi
cgai
nsl
i
kemoneyandot
her
mat
eri
alt
hingsl
i
kephones,
empl
oyment
,cl
othes,
chi
psandchi
cken.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
oni
ssomet
imesknownascommer
cial
i
zedsexwher
eyounggi
rl
sorwomen
ear
nal
i
vingbyof
fer
ingt
hei
rsexual
ser
viceswi
l
li
ngt
ogi
vet
hem t
omenf
ormoneyand
ot
heri
tems.

 Todayi
nUgandapr
ost
it
uti
oni
sani
l
legalpr
act
icebuti
nsomecount
ri
espr
ost
it
uti
oni
s
al
l
owed.

 Thi
sist
het
endencyofof
fer
ingone’
ssexualser
vicesi
nexchangef
ormoneyorany
mat
eri
albenef
itl
i
keaj
obcr
eat
ioni
not
herwor
dpr
ost
it
uti
oncanbedef
inedast
he
t
endencyofwomenaccept
ingt
obeusedbymanassexualmachi
nest
oful
fi
ll
thei
rlust
butf
orex
changeofsomemat
eri
algai
nsl
i
kemoney

 Accor
dingt
oChr
ist
ianpoi
ntofv
iewpr
ost
it
uti
oni
sasi
nsi
ncei
tsonewayofmi
susi
ng
t
hegi
ftofsex.Thati
stosay
,sexi
saf
reegi
ftf
rom Godt
hat
’swhyChr
ist
iani
ty
condemnsi
t.

CAUSESOFPROSTI
TUTI
ON

 Pr
ost
it
uti
on i
s on an i
ncr
ease i
n Uganda because ofwi
de spr
ead por
nogr
aphi
c
mat
eri
als. Suchf
il
msandmagazi
nesofmaki
ngl
oveent
icedt
hemi
ndsofsome
l
adi
est
oengagei
npr
ost
it
uti
on.Forexampl
e,t
her
e-knownsi
ngerDesi
reLuzi
ndawas
capt
uredoncamer
aandexposedonf
ace-
bookenj
oyi
ngsex,
exposi
ngherpr
ivat
epar
ts
i
npubl
i
cin2014. I
nsomewayanewsr
epor
teronBukeddet
elev
isi
onbynamesof
Ssany
uRobi
nahMwer
ukawasal
socapt
uredoncamer
aenj
oyi
ngl
i
vesexwi
thher
boy
fri
endi
n2015.
`
 I
ndecentdr
essi
nghasal
soi
ncr
easedcasesofpr
ost
it
uti
on. Suchbaddr
essi
ngs
whi
char
epr
ovocat
ivel
i
kemi
ni-ski
rt
s,Madonnat
ops,l
eggi
ngsandmanyot
her
shav
e
encour
agedsomement
oengagei
nsexwi
thsuchwomen.

 Thesur
roundi
ngenv
ironmentcancauseawomant
oengagei
npr
ost
it
uti
on.I
nar
eas
wher
ether
ear
etoomanymenwi
thf
ew womenorwher
ether
ear
ewar
sgoi
ngon,
pr
ost
it
utest
endt
obemor
e.Thi
sisbecauset
her
enor
malwor
kmaybeaf
fect
edby
war
sort
hehi
ghnumberofmeni
nanar
eat
endst
obekeepdemandi
ngf
emal
esf
or
sexhencesomewoment
endt
obecomenor
mal
prost
it
utes.

 Manypeopl
ehav
etur
nedt
opr
ost
it
uti
onbecauseofmi
suseofl
abour
.Iti
scommont
o
f
indl
adi
essel
l
ingt
hei
rbodi
esf
orsexar
ounddi
scot
hequesorbar
sforexampl
ear
ound
Angenoi
randcl
ubsi
l
k,cl
ubni
ghtRi
der
s-Ent
ebbecl
ubRi
zoni
nKaj
j
ansiandmany
ot
her
s. Ther
ear
emanypr
ost
it
utesbecausemanymengetsexual
l
yar
ousedwhi
l
e
danci
ng.

 The hi
gh l
evelofpov
ert
yint
he count
rybi
ti
ng up peopl
e has l
ed t
oincr
eased
pr
ost
it
uti
on.Wi
thl
i
ttl
e wor
kto do f
ora l
i
ving,many women hav
eresor
ted t
o
pr
ost
it
uti
onf
orsur
viv
al.Forexampl
e,mostwomenl
i
vingi
nsl
umsl
i
keMaker
ere-
Ki
vul
u,Kamwoky
ahav
enoj
obandt
her
efor
einor
dert
osur
viv
e,pr
ost
it
uti
oni
sthe
al
ter
nat
ivebusi
nesst
odo.

 I
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
hoodi
sanot
hercauseofpr
ost
it
uti
on. Al
mostal
lpr
ost
it
utesi
n
Ugandaar
epr
ost
it
utesbecauset
hei
rpar
ent
sdi
dnotext
endpr
opergui
danceand
counsel
i
ngt
othegi
rlchi
l
datt
her
ightt
ime.Amot
herher
sel
fwoul
dhav
ebeengotby
t
hef
atherf
rom t
hebusi
nessofpr
ost
it
uti
on.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
oni
sal
soar
esul
tofpeerpr
essur
e. Whenonebel
ongst
oagi
vengr
oupof
peopl
ewhopr
act
icet
heact
,iti
sli
kesmocki
ngt
haty
ouar
eal
sol
i
kel
ytoadoptt
hei
r
behav
iour
.Fori
nst
ancet
her
ear
emanyy
ounggi
rl
sathi
gheri
nst
it
uti
onsofl
ear
ning
especi
all
yMaker
ereUni
ver
sit
ywhoar
epr
ost
it
utesbecauseoft
hei
nfl
uenceoft
hei
r
f
ri
ends.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
oni
soni
ncr
easebecauseofr
elaxedgov
ernmentl
aws. Manyt
imes,t
he
pol
i
cer
oundsupt
hesewomeni
nvar
iouspl
acesespeci
all
yar
oundbar
sbuti
nashor
t
whi
l
etheyr
eal
i
zet
hem,somet
imesev
enwi
thoutgi
vi
ngt
hem anybr
ide. Wor
sest
il
l
some oft
hese pol
i
ce of
fi
cer
sthatar
e supposed t
o st
op pr
ost
it
uti
on ar
ethei
r
cust
omer
s.
`
 Exi
stenceofcondomshaswi
del
yspr
eadt
hev
ice. Condomsgi
vef
alsef
eel
i
ngsof
secur
it
yamongmanypeopl
ethatt
heycanenj
oyi
tinsexwi
thv
ari
ouspeopl
ewi
thout
bei
ngi
nfect
edbutear
ningsomemoney
/al
i
ving.Thi
siswhymanypr
ost
it
utesi
n
Kampal
ainwel
l
-knownar
easl
i
keKabal
agal
a,Angenoi
rcl
ubusual
l
ycar
rycondomsi
n
t
hei
rbagsespeci
all
yint
heev
eni
ngs.

 Thehi
ghsexuall
ust
. Ther
ear
esomepeopl
ewi
thanabnor
mal
/huge/hi
ghsexual
appet
it
eandcannoteasi
l
ybesat
isf
iedwi
thonemanorwoman. Thesear
etheones
whonor
mal
l
ytur
ntopr
ost
it
uti
onal
thought
heymayhav
ehusbandsorwi
vesathome.
I
nBugandasuchwomenar
esai
dtobesuf
fer
ingf
rom “
Akasagazi
”.

 Manyy
oungl
adi
esbecomepr
ost
it
utesbecauseoft
hei
rst
rongadmi
rat
ionandgr
eed
f
ormat
eri
alweal
th. Somewomenaf
terseei
ngt
hei
rfr
iendsput
ti
ngon/
wear
ing
beaut
if
ulcl
othes,ear
ri
ngs,neckl
aceswhi
chat
tractt
hem,andcoul
dnoteasi
l
yget
moneyt
obuyt
hem t
oo,suchgi
rl
sespeci
all
yinsecondar
yschool
soptt
osl
eepwi
th
v
ari
ousmeni
nor
dert
ocol
l
ectenoughmoneyt
obuyt
hei
temst
heyneed.

 Manywomenhav
etur
nedt
opr
ost
it
uti
oni
nUgandaduet
ofami
l
ybr
eakups.Ther
ear
e
v
ari
ouswomensl
eepi
ngi
nsl
umsofKampal
awi
tht
hei
rchi
l
drenl
i
ke“
Kimombasa”and
wer
e dr
opped byt
hei
rhusband.The onl
yal
ter
nat
ivet
o sur
viv
eist
o engage i
n
pr
ost
it
uti
on.

 Somepeopl
ebecomepr
ost
it
utesbecauset
heyhav
efai
l
edt
obemar
ri
ed.Thewomen
whoar
efr
ust
rat
edbymensomet
imesenduponst
reet
scar
ryi
ngoutabusi
nessof
pr
ost
it
uti
on. Wor
sest
il
lthepopul
ati
onofwomeni
nUgandaaccor
dingt
othecensus
r
epor
tscar
ri
edouti
n2014i
ndi
cat
edt
hatwomenar
emor
ethanmen.

 Somepeopl
ehav
ebecomepr
ost
it
utesduet
oher
edi
tar
yfact
ors.Toal
argerext
ent
,a
gi
rlbor
nfr
om amot
herwhowasapr
ost
it
uteort
ooadul
ter
ousi
sli
kel
ytobecomea
pr
ost
it
ute.

 Thedecl
i
nei
ncul
tur
alv
alueshasal
socont
ri
but
edt
ohi
ghl
evel
sofpr
ost
it
uti
oni
n
Uganda.Todayv
eryf
ew peopl
erespectt
hei
rcul
tur
esasf
indt
hatsomegi
rl
sget
mar
ri
edt
oboy
fri
endswhoar
efr
om t
hesamecl
anbutev
eni
ftheel
der
swar
nthem,
t
heydon’
twantt
ochange. Thi
sal
somakespr
ost
it
uti
onopent
ogi
rl
swhoengagei
n
sexbef
oremar
ri
age.

 Fai
l
uret
ogetasui
tabl
emar
ri
agepar
tnerespeci
all
ywomenwhoar
eeducat
edwho
`
hav
ewai
tedf
ormant
omar
ryt
hem butal
lendedi
nvai
nther
efor
etheyr
esor
tedt
o
pr
ost
it
uti
onasawayofsat
isf
yingt
hei
rsexual
needs.

 Manypeopl
etodayengagei
npr
ost
it
uti
onbecauseofeconomi
char
dshi
pdesi
ret
o
acqui
renecessi
ti
esofl
i
fe.

 Decl
i
nei
npuni
shmentofsexof
fender
shasgr
eat
lyi
ncr
easedr
ateofpr
ost
it
uti
ont
oday
.
Tr
adi
ti
onalpeopl
ewhomi
susedsexwer
esev
erel
ypuni
shedandt
hat
’swhyt
her
ewas
nopr
ost
it
uti
oni
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on.

 Peergr
oupi
nfl
uenceamongwomen.Manyf
orcet
hei
rfr
iendst
opr
act
icepr
ost
it
uti
on
t
omaket
heendsmeet
.Forexampl
esomegi
rl
sli
vi
ngi
nhost
elsar
ounduni
ver
sit
ies
l
i
keMaker
ereUni
ver
sit
yandKy
ambogoUni
ver
sit
yar
econv
incedbyt
hei
rfr
iendst
o
l
ookf
ormoneyf
rom r
ichol
dmeni
nexchangef
orsex.

 Poorl
eisur
e act
ivi
ti
es especi
all
ypeopl
e who l
ove danci
ng atni
ghtand end up
mi
sbehav
ingsexual
l
yasar
esul
tofpr
ost
it
uti
onandbecomesasour
ceofboomi
ng
pl
acesl
i
keCl
ubSi
l
k,Cl
ubAmbi
ance,Kabal
agal
apubsandNandos,Speker
oadand
Maki
ndy
ewher
eyounggi
rl
sorwomenhangoutwai
ti
ngf
orcust
omer
s.

 Lackofsexualsat
isf
act
ionhasal
somadesomepeopl
eespeci
all
ymar
ri
edpeopl
eto
engagei
npr
ost
it
uti
oni
nor
dert
obesat
isf
iedsexual
l
y.

 Fr
ust
rat
ionhasmadepeopl
etoengagei
npr
ost
it
uti
ont
oday
.Incaseofr
eject
ionbyt
he
par
tnerduet
oincur
abl
edi
seasesl
i
keAI
DS,bar
rennesspeopl
eend upgoi
ng f
or
pr
ost
it
uti
on.

 The i
ntr
oduct
ion ofcont
racept
ivesl
i
ke condoms,pi
l
ls hasi
ncr
eased t
he r
ate of
pr
ost
it
uti
oni
nthesoci
etyt
oday
.Todaycondomshav
ebeendi
str
ibut
edt
opeopl
efr
eel
y
and t
hishasmademanypeopl
eengagei
npr
ost
it
uti
onbecauset
heydo notget
pr
egnantandHI
Vvi
rus.

 Per
missi
venessi
n soci
etyhasal
so l
ed t
o hi
gh r
ate ofpr
ost
it
uti
on.Uganda has
accept
edev
ery
thi
ngwhet
hergoodorbadt
openet
rat
ethei
rsoci
ety
.Becauseoft
his,
it
i
snor
malt
ohav
esexwi
thmanymenwhet
herugl
y,di
sabl
edasl
ongasonecanpl
ay
sex.

 Lackofst
ri
ctl
awsi
nUgandahasl
edt
omor
ecasesofpr
ost
it
uti
on.I
tisv
eryeasyt
o
i
dent
if
ypr
ost
it
utesandwher
etheyhangoutonr
oadsi
nKampal
aar
oundr
adi
oOne
`
Ki
seny
i,Ki
baat
iinBay
itat
hesear
ewel
lknownf
orpr
ost
it
utesandt
hegov
ernmenti
s
doi
ngnot
hingt
ogooutwi
tht
hem.

 I
tisal
socausedbyt
heenv
ironmentwher
eonest
aysi
nar
easwi
thmanypeopl
eli
ke
sl
umsar
eli
kel
ytoexper
iencet
hispr
act
ice.Forexampl
e,i
twasr
epor
tedi
nnewv
isi
on
2010t
hati
nsomecampsi
nNor
ther
nUgandadur
ingt
heci
vi
lwarofKonyandhi
s
enemi
es,
womenhadal
readyt
urnedt
opr
ost
it
utesbecauseofr
eadymar
ket
.

 I
tisal
sobel
i
evedt
hatsomegi
rlbecomepr
ost
it
utest
hroughgenet
icf
act
or.Thati
sto
say
,gi
rl
sinher
itt
hispr
act
ice.Ther
efor
e,t
heyendupbecomi
ngpr
ost
it
utes.

JUSTI
FICATI
ONFORABORTI
ON

Womenur
get
hatabor
ti
onshoul
dbel
egal
i
zedundert
hef
oll
owi
ngci
rcumst
ances;

 I
fthegi
rlpr
egnancywasar
esul
tofr
apeandt
her
eisnoknowl
edgeori
nfor
mat
ion
aboutt
hef
athert
othechi
l
dthenabor
ti
onshoul
dbecar
ri
edout
. Awomanoragi
rl
shoul
dnotbef
orcedt
obearagai
nstherwi
l
landunderpsy
chol
ogi
cal
tor
tur
e.

 Abor
ti
on shoul
d beaccept
ed i
fiti
sthebestescaper
out
eincaseofunwant
ed
pr
egnancy(
ifawomanf
orgott
otakeherpi
l
lsandendupconcei
vi
ng)
.

 I
fthecostofsav
ingunbor
nchi
l
dist
hedeat
hoft
hemot
her
,thent
hebestopt
ion
shoul
dbedonet
osav
ethemot
herbycar
ryi
ngoutabor
ti
on.

 I
tcanbej
ust
if
iedi
fthechi
l
dtobepr
oducedwoul
dbeaneconomi
cbur
dent
othe
f
ami
l
yasar
esul
tofhav
ingmanychi
l
dren. Anaddi
ti
onalchi
l
dmaycr
eat
est
ressand
l
eadt
ofami
l
yinst
abi
l
ityt
her
efor
eabor
ti
onshoul
dbeal
l
owed.

 I
fthechi
l
dexpect
edwi
l
lbebi
ologi
cal
l
ydef
ormed,suchachi
l
dwi
l
lleadt
owast
ageof
r
esour
cesandt
imeandmanydonotl
i
ve,
nor
mal
i
zeordi
esoon.

 Abor
ti
oncanbehel
dift
hechi
l
disl
i
kel
ytobet
hesexwhi
chi
snotcal
l
edf
or.

 Womenal
sosuggestt
hatabor
ti
oni
sapr
ivat
emat
ter
. Theunbor
nisanext
ensi
onof
t
hei
rmot
her
’sbodi
es.Sot
heyhav
ether
ightt
oremov
eanyunwant
edpar
toft
hei
r
bodi
es.

 Abor
ti
oncanal
sobej
ust
if
iedi
ncaset
hepr
egnancywasofi
ncestandwoul
dbr
ing
aboutdi
srespecti
nsoci
etyandbesi
descur
ses.

 Abor
ti
oncanbeagr
eatweapont
ousei
nfi
ght
ingpopul
ati
ongr
owt
hwhi
chhasal
otof
`
negat
iveef
fect
sli
keunempl
oymentt
her
efor
eitshoul
dbeaccept
ed.

 Gen2:
7decl
arest
hatmanbecameal
i
vingbei
ngonl
yaf
terGodgi
vi
nghi
mli
feand
si
ncebr
eat
hingdoesnotoccurunt
ilbi
rt
htheunbor
nisnoty
etf
ull
yahumanunt
ilbi
rt
h.
I
tisal
sosai
dthatabor
ti
onshoul
dbej
ust
if
iedbecauset
her
eisnowher
eint
hebi
ble
wher
eiti
sdi
scour
aged.

DANGERSOFPROSTI
TUTI
ON

 I
tmaycausepol
i
ticali
nst
abi
l
iti
esespeci
all
ywher
esomepr
ost
it
utesdot
hebusi
ness
undercov
erspy
ingf
ort
hegov
ernment
.

 I
tcanl
eadt
osexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seasesespeci
all
yift
her
ehasbeennopr
otect
ion.

 I
tcanl
eadt
ofami
l
ydi
vor
ce.Thati
stosay
,ifamanf
indsoutt
hatt
hewi
fei
sa
pr
ost
it
utehemaydi
vor
ceher
.

 Somet
imesi
tleadst
ofami
l
ynegl
ectespeci
all
ywhenamani
stoomucht
akenupi
nto
wast
ingmoneyi
nbuy
ingpr
ost
it
utesy
ethi
sfami
l
ymember
smaysuf
feral
ot.

 I
tcanl
eadt
olackofr
espect
/di
gni
tyi
nthesoci
etyespeci
all
yifonei
scaughti
ntheact
.

 I
tcanl
eadt
oimpr
isonmentbecausei
ncount
ri
esl
i
keUganda,i
tisacr
imecommi
tt
ed
agai
nstconst
it
uti
onal
laws.

 Onmanyoccasi
ons,chi
l
drenbor
nbypr
ost
it
utesar
eindi
sci
pli
nebecauset
hei
rpar
ent
s
donothav
emucht
imet
ogui
det
hem i
nthei
rdut
ywor
k.

 I
tunder
minessexaccor
dingt
oGod’
scommandr
egar
dingt
hatsexshoul
donl
ybe
pl
ayedi
nmar
ri
age.

 I
t’
sal
way
sbi
bli
cal
l
ycondemnedbecausei
t’
sami
suseofone’
sbodyaccor
dingt
oSt
.
Paul
’
steachi
ng,ourbodi
esar
etempl
esoft
hehol
yspi
ri
tsoweshoul
dusei
ttogl
ori
fy
God(
1Cor
int
hians6:
13)

 I
tmayl
eadt
ounwant
edpr
egnancywhi
chmayl
eadt
opr
oduct
ionofunwant
edchi
l
dren
butsomet
imesenduponst
reet
s.

 I
tcancauseonet
odi
ethati
ncasei
fonewasi
mpr
egnat
edacci
dent
all
yandt
hen
want
edt
oabor
t.
`
 Pr
ost
it
uti
onl
eadst
oeasyspr
eadofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seasesduet
omul
ti
ply
sexualpar
tner
sinv
olv
edt
hat
’swhymanygi
rl
sandwomenpr
act
ici
ngi
thav
eei
therdi
ed
ori
nfect
edwi
thHI
V.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
onhasl
edt
ounwant
edpr
egnancysi
ncemendonotwantt
ousecondomsi
n
mostcases.Theyov
erpowery
ounggi
rl
sorwomenwhi
chmakest
hem t
oconcei
ve
agai
nstt
hei
rwi
l
l.Ther
efor
ethi
shasi
ncr
easedont
henumberofst
reetchi
l
drensi
nce
t
heyar
emot
her
sthr
owt
hem onst
reet
s.

 Gi
rl
swhoengagei
npr
ost
it
uti
onendupdr
oppi
ngoutofschoolwhi
chaf
fect
sthei
r
academi
cs.

 Si
ncet
hepr
act
icei
sil
l
egalt
heci
tycounci
laut
hor
it
ynor
mal
l
ysur
roundedt
hear
eas
wher
ethepr
ost
it
utescar
ryoutt
hei
rbusi
nessandar
rest
edt
hem andchangedt
hem f
or
i
dleanddi
sor
der
ly.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
onhasal
sol
edt
omi
sunder
standi
ngsamongt
hemar
ri
edcoupl
eshence
l
eadi
ngt
odi
vor
ceaf
teroneoft
hepar
tner
’sdi
scov
eryt
hathi
sorherf
ell
owi
sinv
olv
ed
i
npr
ost
it
uti
on.

 Thepr
act
iceunder
minesGod’
simagei
nyoungwomenandgi
rl
swhodeci
det
oof
fer
t
hemsel
vesi
nexchangeofmoney
. Ot
her
shav
eaccept
edt
ohav
esexwi
thdogs.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
onhasal
sol
edt
olossofsel
f-r
espectt
opeopl
ewhoengagei
nitsi
ncei
tis
l
ookedasabadactbyt
hesoci
ety
.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
onl
eadst
oincr
easedcr
imer
ates.Thati
stosay
,ter
ror
ist
s,mur
der
ersal
way
s
uset
hegi
rl
sandendupki
l
li
ngt
hem.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
oni
sabadpr
act
icet
othey
ounggener
ati
ont
hat
’swhyi
nsomeur
bancent
res
ar
oundKampal
abel
owt
heageofei
ght
eeny
ear
sal
readyi
nthebusi
ness.

SOLUTI
ONSTOTHEPROBLEM OFPROSTI
TUTI
ON

 Sexeducat
ionshoul
dbeemphasi
zedespeci
all
ytot
hey
oungonest
hatt
heygett
o
knowt
hedanger
sofpr
ost
it
uti
on.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dcr
eat
eempl
oymentt
oyounggi
rl
sandwomenwhof
allv
ict
im
oft
hishabi
taf
terf
ail
i
ngt
ogetj
obs.

 Youngpeopl
eshoul
dinv
olv
ethemsel
vesi
nconst
ruct
ivel
eisur
ewher
etheybenef
it
`
i
nst
eadofget
ti
ngi
nvol
vedi
npr
ost
it
uti
onbecauset
hei
rbodi
esactasGod’
stempl
e.

 Pr
ost
it
utesshoul
dbesensi
ti
zedaboutdanger
soft
heact
.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dexer
cisesel
f-
cont
rolbecauset
heyar
egui
dedbyt
heHol
ySpi
ri
tov
er
wor
ldl
ychoi
cesl
i
kesexual
immor
ali
ty.

 Ther
eisneedt
oreduceexer
ciseofsel
l
ingdr
ugsandal
cohol
sincet
hebi
blesay
sthati
t
i
sfool
i
sht
otakeal
cohol
.

 Husbandsar
ecal
l
edupont
otr
eatt
hei
rwi
veswi
thal
otofcar
e,l
oveandconsi
der
l
esi
onbecauset
heyar
eweaker
.

 Par
ent
sshoul
dbr
ingupt
hei
rchi
l
dreni
naGodl
yway
.Inot
herwor
dspar
ent
sshoul
d
t
eacht
hem accor
dingt
oChr
ist
ianpr
inci
ples.

 St
.Pauladdr
essedChr
ist
ianst
ost
ayawayf
rom i
mmor
alpeopl
eandhesai
dthatt
hey
dest
roygoodChr
ist
ians.

SHOULDPROSTI
TUTI
ONBELEGALI
ZEDI
NUGANDA?

Ther
eisabi
gmor
alandsoci
al-
epi
caldebat
egoi
ngoni
nUgandaast
owhet
herornot
pr
ost
it
uti
onshoul
dbel
egal
i
zed.Thel
i
ber
alssayi
tshoul
dbel
egal
i
zedf
oreconomi
c
and pr
act
icalr
easons.The conser
vat
ives saysuch a mov
e shoul
d notev
en be
consi
der
edatal
l
.

Fr
om t
heChr
ist
ianpoi
ntofv
iew howev
er,pr
ost
it
uti
oni
swr
ongandshoul
dnotbe
t
oler
ated.

 Chr
ist
iansbel
i
evet
hehumanbodyi
sthet
empl
eoft
heHol
ySpi
ri
tandshoul
dthusbe
usedf
ort
hegl
ori
fi
cat
ionofGod. whouni
tshi
sbodywi
tht
hatoft
hepr
ost
it
ute
becomesphy
sical
l
ywar
nwi
thherandt
hisi
sasi
n(1Cor6:
15-
19)

 Sexi
ssupposedt
obepr
act
icedi
nsi
demar
ri
ageonl
yupont
heconsentofanadul
t
mal
eandf
emal
e. Sexuali
nter
cour
seout
sidemar
ri
agei
swr
ongandscr
ipt
uressayi
t
makesonegui
l
tyofsi
nni
ngagai
nsthi
sownbody(
1Cor6:
18)
.

 Godi
ntendedt
hesexi
nst
it
uti
onasaconductt
hroughwhi
chpr
ocr
eat
ionofmanwoul
d
bepossi
ble.Pr
ost
it
uti
onshoul
dnotbel
egal
i
zedi
nUgandabecausei
tunder
mines
God’
sor
igi
nal
int
ent
ionandi
nst
eadmakessexasabasi
sforear
ningmoney(
Gen1:
28)
.

 Bycr
eat
ingman,
mal
eandf
emal
e,Godt
her
ebyor
dai
nedsexandmar
ri
agei
nst
it
uti
ons
`
t
obeusedt
ogl
ori
fyhi
sal
might
yname. Pr
ost
it
uti
ondoesnotaddt
oGod’
sgl
oryand
shoul
dther
efor
enotbel
egal
i
zed(
1Cor
int
hians6:
20)

 Scr
ipt
uressaydr
unkar
ds,sexualpr
event
sandot
hersuchpeopl
eshal
lnoti
nher
itt
he
ki
ngdom t
ocome.Pr
ost
it
uti
onshoul
dnotbel
egal
i
zedbecausei
tmakespeopl
esi
n
agai
nstt
hewi
l
lofGodandbar
sthem f
rom i
nher
it
ingt
heki
ngdom ofgl
ory(
Gal
5;21)
.

 Li
kewi
se,
prost
it
uti
onshoul
dnotbel
egal
i
zedbecausei
tlower
shumandi
gni
tybesi
des
dehumani
zi
ngman,
manwascr
eat
edi
nthei
mageandl
i
kenessofGodandt
hathuman
bodi
esar
ehi
sresi
dingpl
ace(
ter
banacl
e). Theyshoul
dnotbeusedf
orpr
ost
it
uti
on
(
Gen1:
20)
.

 Legal
i
zingpr
ost
it
uti
onwi
l
lmakesexuali
mmor
ali
tyamongt
hey
out
handt
hemat
ure
peopl
espi
raloutofcont
rol
. Ther
ewi
l
lbesomuchsexuali
mmor
ali
tyt
hatal
ldecency
wi
l
lbel
ost
.Thi
sisagai
nstt
hewi
l
lofGod.John8:
11,pr
esent
sanaccounti
nwhi
ch
Jesusf
orbadet
hewomencaughti
nadul
ter
yfr
om si
nni
ngany
mor
e.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
onshoul
dnotbel
egal
i
zedi
nUgandabecausei
t’
snotbui
l
tonl
ovebutl
ust
.It
’s
bui
l
tonsel
fi
shi
nter
estofat
tai
ningsexualgr
ati
fi
cat
ionandt
hewomani
samer
esex
obj
ect
. Chr
ist
ians bel
i
evet
hatconsummat
ion shoul
d be a consequence and
expr
essi
onofconcept
ual
lov
eandl
ustasasi
n(Exodus20)

 Li
kewi
se,i
t’
swr
ongt
oencour
agepr
ost
it
uti
onbecausescr
ipt
uressayunl
i
keal
lot
her
si
ns,t
hesi
nofpr
ost
it
uti
oni
sasi
nagai
nstone’
sownbody(
1Cor
int
hians6:
18)
. I
t’
s
t
her
efor
eunaccept
abl
eforonet
oindul
gei
nsuchasi
nful
behav
ior
.

 Sexuali
mmor
ali
tyandpr
ost
it
uti
oncanl
eadt
odeat
handaper
sonofsoundmi
nd
needst
obecar
eful
. I
nfacti
nbi
bli
calt
imes,t
hepenal
tyofpr
ost
it
uti
onoradul
ter
y
wasdeat
h(Deut22:
21)
. Besi
des,t
hesewomencanbr
ingt
hei
rment
osuddendeat
h
(
Prov
erbs7:
26)
.

 Godhat
espr
ost
it
utesandpuni
shest
hem har
shl
y.Rel
i
gious(
templ
e)pr
ost
it
uti
oni
s
st
rongl
ypr
ohi
bit
edandhat
edbyGod. I
nthesamemanner
,moneyear
nedf
rom
pr
ost
it
uti
onshoul
dnotbebr
oughtt
othepr
esenceoft
heLor
dinf
ulf
il
lmentofav
ow,
Godhat
est
his(
Deut23:
17-
18)
.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
onoughtnott
obecondonedbecauseGod(
act
ingt
hroughMoses)cal
l
ed
uponJewi
shmennott
odar
edi
sgr
acet
hei
rdaught
ersbymaki
ngt
hem ser
veast
empl
e
pr
ost
it
utes.Forexampl
eEzr
a23t
alksofsi
ster
sOhol
ahandOhal
i
lahwhower
ebot
h
`
putt
odeat
hbyt
heAssy
riansf
orbei
ngwar
ri
ors.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
onshoul
dnotbel
egal
i
zedi
nUgandabecausei
twi
l
lencour
agewast
efuland
ext
rav
agantexpendi
tur
eandl
i
fest
yle. I
tinv
olv
esl
otsofmoneywhi
choughtt
obeput
t
obet
teruse. Thi
sisseenf
rom t
hest
oryoft
hepr
odi
gal
son9Luke15:
11f
f)

 I
t’
swr
ongt
olegal
i
zepr
ost
it
uti
onbecauset
hiswi
l
lst
umbl
etheweakandl
eadt
hem
i
ntoev
il
.Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
obemi
ndf
uloft
hei
rweakbr
ethr
enandnott
o
swayt
hem f
rom t
hepat
hoft
rut
horgoodness(
1Cor8:
9

Not
e

Thesubj
ecti
sbui
l
tonChr
ist
ianpr
inci
pleandatsucht
heChr
ist
ianposi
ti
oni
sthat
pr
ost
it
uti
oni
ssi
nfulandshoul
dnotbel
egal
i
zed. Av
oidhandl
i
ngt
hisi
ssueast
hough
i
tisi
ngener
alpaper

CHRI
STI
ANSOLUTI
ONSTOTHEPROBLEM OFPROSTI
TUTI
ON

Pr
ost
it
uti
oni
sasi
nful
habi
tandt
hesebr
ethr
eni
nthi
sneedal
otofhel
p.

 Ther
eisneedf
orpr
ayert
ost
rengt
hent
her
esol
veofpeopl
enott
ogi
vei
ntot
hedesi
res
oft
hiswor
ld. I
t’
sonl
ybygr
aceof
fGodt
hatmancanwi
thst
andt
het
empt
ati
onof
humandesi
re.

 Ther
eisneedt
oexposesuchpeopl
etoChr
ist
ianl
i
ter
atur
esuchast
hebi
blebecausei
t
out
li
nes t
he consequences ofsuch unmi
ndf
ulsexualbehav
iour
s. Wi
th such
knowl
edge,t
heyar
eboundt
omaker
einf
orcedchoi
cesandpossi
blechanget
hei
rli
fe
st
yleal
ltoget
her
.

 Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
oadoptconst
ruct
ivef
ormsofl
eisur
ewhi
chwon’
ttempt
t
hem i
ntogi
vi
ngi
ntot
hedemandsoft
hef
lesh. Theycanf
ori
nst
ancej
oinOpennews
choi
ratChr
istt
heKi
ngchur
chi
nKampal
a.

 Chr
ist
ian’
sar
ecal
l
edupont
oexer
cisesel
f-cont
rol
andav
oidgi
vi
ngi
ntohumandesi
res.
Chr
ist
iant
eachi
ngemphasi
zest
hataper
sonwhoseper
sonl
i
fei
scont
rol
l
edbyt
he
spi
ri
thascont
rol
oversuchdesi
resandcannotbel
edi
ntosexual
immor
ali
ty(
Gal
5:23)

 Humanbodi
esar
etempl
esoft
heHol
ySpi
ri
tthatr
esi
deswi
thi
nandshoul
dther
efor
e
beusedf
ort
hegl
ori
fi
cat
ionofGod.Thi
sisacal
ltoabst
inenceandr
esponsi
blesexual
behav
ior(
1Cor
int
hians6;
19)
`
 Paulur
gespar
ent
stoexer
cisecont
rolov
ert
hei
rchi
l
drenandt
ogui
de,mol
dand
di
sci
pli
net
hem whenev
ersuchneedar
ises. Buti
ndoi
ngso,t
heyshoul
dnotcause
t
hem t
oanger(
Ephesi
ans6:
4).I
tcal
l
supont
hem t
obr
ingupt
hei
rchi
l
drenwi
thgood
Chr
ist
iandi
sci
pli
neandi
nst
ruct
ions.

 Si
mil
arl
y,i
t’
swor
thwhi
l
eforaChr
ist
iant
oref
rai
nfr
om associ
ati
ngwi
thi
mmor
alpeopl
e
si
ncet
hesecanr
unt
hei
rgoodmor
alsandsoundchar
act
ers. Thi
sist
hecaut
ionSt
.
Paulgav
etot
heCor
int
hians(
1Cor
int
hians5:
9-11)i
nwhi
chhei
ndi
cat
ed“
badf
ri
ends
r
uingoodchar
act
er. Ther
efor
est
ayawayf
rom t
hem”

 Toav
oidt
het
empt
ati
onofpr
ost
it
uti
on,t
her
eshoul
dbeev
idenceoft
ruel
oveand
f
ait
hful
nessi
nsi
det
hemar
ri
agei
nst
it
uti
on. Thi
simpl
i
est
hatt
her
eshoul
dber
egul
ar
consumpt
ionofmar
ri
agesoast
omi
nimi
zegi
vi
ngi
ntot
hedesi
resoft
hef
lesh(
1
Cor
int
hians7:
5).

 Pet
ercal
l
suponhusbandst
otr
eatt
hei
rwi
veswi
thl
ove,r
espectandconsi
der
ati
on
mi
ndf
uloft
hef
actt
hatt
heyar
eaweakersex. I
nsomemanner
,womenar
ecal
l
ed
upon t
o submi
ttot
all
ytot
hei
rhusbands (
1 Pet
er3:
1-7)
. Wi
tht
hisi
n pl
ace,
pr
ost
it
uti
oncannotshr
ive.

 Peopl
e who hav
e been t
rapped i
nto pr
ost
it
uti
on need gui
dance and suppor
tof
counsel
ors. I
t’
ssur
elyt
othem t
oabandont
hist
radeandt
ransf
ormi
ntonewper
sons
i
ftheydon’
tgetnew adv
icef
rom counsel
ors. Fori
nst
ance,RubagaMi
racl
eCent
re
nor
mal
l
yor
gani
zessemi
nar
sfort
hey
out
h,i
nter
-al
i
awi
tht
hesepeopl
ecanbenef
it
f
rom.

CASESOFPROSTI
TUTI
ONI
NTHEBI
BLE

 Pr
ost
it
uti
on l
eads t
o conf
li
cts and mi
sunder
standi
ngs i
n mar
ri
age (
Hosea 2:
13)
.
Ther
efor
e,peopl
eshoul
drest
orer
epent
anceandr
elat
ionshi
p.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
oni
nIsr
aelwashi
ghl
ycondemnedbecausei
tunder
minedpeopl
e’
sdi
gni
ty.
Forexampl
eJudahl
ostdi
gni
tybecauseofhav
ingsexwi
tht
hedaught
er-
inl
aw who
wasbel
i
evedt
hatshewasapr
ost
it
ute(
Gen38:
15)
.

 Pr
ost
it
uti
onamongt
hemember
sofI
sraell
i
ket
hephi
l
ist
inesusedpr
ost
it
uti
oni
nor
der
t
ogetweal
thandf
ert
il
it
y(Judge6:
1-7)
.
`
 Ki
ngSol
omoni
spr
esent
edj
udgi
ngat
ri
ckycasebet
weent
wopr
ost
it
uteswhocl
aimed
t
ohav
epr
oducedababy (
1Ki
ngs3:
18)
.

 I
nJudges11:
1ffpr
esent
sagr
eatsol
dierf
rom Gi
l
eadwhowasasonofapr
ost
it
utebut
madet
heI
srael
i
tesdef
endt
heAmmoni
tes.

 Accor
dingt
othebookofLev
iti
cus21,t
hedaught
eroft
hepr
iestwast
obeki
l
ledby
bur
ningherbecauseofget
ti
ngi
nvol
vedi
npr
ost
it
uti
onwhi
chwasdi
sgr
aci
ngt
hef
ather
.

 Templ
epr
ost
it
utewascommoni
nIsr
aelwher
ewomenpr
esent
edt
hegoodnessof
f
ert
il
it
ywhi
chwasagai
nstt
heLawofMoses.

 Moneyf
rom pr
ost
it
uti
onwasbannedf
rom t
empl
ecol
l
ect
ionsi
nceGodcondemned
t
hisact(
Deut
eronomy23:
17-
18,Pr
over
bs7:
11)whi
chi
ndi
cat
est
hatt
hepenal
tyof
pr
ost
it
uti
oni
sdeat
h.

 Thedi
str
ibut
ionofCanaani
teswasbel
i
evet
obepar
tl
yduet
orampantpr
ost
it
uti
onand
ot
herf
ormsofpr
omi
scui
ty*
Lev20)Godwar
nedt
heJewsnott
oadoptt
hecust
omsof
t
heI
srael
i
teswhi
chdi
sgr
acehi
m.

 The ear
ly chur
ch bel
i
ever
s made a war
ning agai
nstsexuali
mmor
ali
tyi
ncl
udi
ng
pr
ost
it
uti
on(
Act
s15:
20-
29)andt
heot
herev
ilt
hatbr
oughtaboutuncl
eanness.

 I
nJoshua2:
1tal
ksaboutt
hepl
ansetbyJoshuat
osayov
ert
hel
andofCanaan
especi
all
yinJer
ichoandhewasser
vedbyf
ami
l
yofapr
ost
it
ute.

 Thewomanwhoanoi
ntedJesusatBet
hanywasapr
ost
it
uteandwasdenouncedi
nthe
ear
lychur
ch.

 St
.Pauli
nhi
slet
tert
oCor
int
hians5;
5condemnssexuali
mmor
ali
tyandsay
sthatour
bodi
esar
epar
toft
hebodyofChr
istt
her
efor
eourbodi
esar
etempl
esofhol
yspi
ri
t
t
her
efor
eshoul
dn’
t beusedf
ori
mmor
alact
s.

 Accor
dingt
othet
eachi
ngofMat
hew 21:
31-
52Jesusassur
edt
hatt
axcol
l
ect
orsand
pr
ost
it
uteswi
l
lnoti
nher
itGod’
ski
ngdom aheadofus.

 Thest
oryoft
hepr
odi
galwhowast
edhi
sfat
her
’smoneyi
npr
ost
it
utesandwhenhe
r
epor
tedhewaswel
comedbyhi
sfat
herandor
gani
zedapar
tyf
orhi
m(Luke15:
30)

 I
nthenew t
est
ament
,Jesusdi
scour
agedsexuali
mmor
ali
tyandadv
isedpeopl
eto
r
epentt
hei
rsi
ns(
John8:
7-11)
`

BI
BLI
CALTEACHI
NGABOUTSEX

 Sexi
sagi
ftf
rom Godandi
tissupposedt
obeenj
oyedbyt
hemar
ri
edpeopl
e.Thati
s
whyGodgav
eacommandt
omanandwomanwhoar
epr
oper
lymar
ri
edt
opr
oduce
andf
il
lthewor
ld.

 Peopl
ear
etoobser
ve/
cont
rolt
hei
rsexualdesi
resbecausef
ail
uret
odosomayl
eadt
o
si
nsorsexualabusej
ustl
i
keDav
idwhohadsexwi
thUr
iah’
swi
feandGodwas
di
spl
easedwi
thhi
m(2Samuel
2:21-
27)

 Thebi
blecondemnsal
lfor
msofsexuali
mmor
ali
tyi
ncl
udi
ngpr
ost
it
uti
ont
hat
’swhyt
he
Ol
dTest
amentpr
ophet
sli
keAmosandHoseapr
eachedagai
nstt
empl
epr
ost
it
uti
on.

 Hav
ingsexwi
thanani
mali
saser
ioussi
nandser
iousl
ycondemnedi
nthebi
ble.That
i
stosay
,bot
htheani
mal
andt
hebei
ngmustbeputt
odeat
h (
Lev18:
23,
20:
16)

 Pr
over
bs5out
li
neddanger
sofmi
susi
ngsexbyy
oungmenandadv
isedagai
nstl
ovi
ng
mar
ri
edwomen.

 Sexualpur
it
ywasencour
agedamongy
oungpeopl
e.Nogi
rlwasexpect
edt
oloseher
v
irgi
nit
ybef
oremar
ri
age (
Deut
.22:
13-
19)
.

 I
ntheOl
dTest
ament
,womenwer
enotal
l
owedt
opl
aysexi
nthei
rmont
hlyper
iods.

 Sexuali
mmor
ali
tyespeci
all
ypr
ost
it
uti
onl
edt
omar
ri
agei
nst
abi
l
iti
eswhi
chmaycause
di
vor
ceandsepar
ati
on. Forexampl
eHoseal
i
vedunhappyl
i
febecausehi
swi
fe
wasapr
ost
it
ute(
Hosea2:
12f
f)

 Homosexual
i
tycandev
elopGod’
sanger
.Thati
stosay
,thet
woci
ti
esofSodom and
Gomor
rahwer
edest
roy
edbyGodbecauset
heywer
eimmor
alt
oext
entofmar
ryi
ng
f
ell
owmen(
Gen14:
1ff
)

 Rapeanddef
il
ementl
edt
obasi
ngont
hest
oryofTammarwhowasr
apedbyhi
shal
f-
br
otherAmnon. Af
terr
api
ngherf
eltbadandst
art
edcr
ying(
2Samuel
1:22)

 Sexshoul
dbepl
ayedbet
weenmanandwomant
hat
’swhyGodcr
eat
edbot
hmanand
womandur
ingcr
eat
ionst
ory
.

 Thosewhocannotcont
rolt
hei
rsex
ualdesi
reswer
eencour
agedt
omar
rybySt
.Pauli
n
hi
slet
tert
oCor
int
hiansi
nor
dert
ost
opsexual
abuse.
`
 A Chr
ist
ianbodyi
sat
empl
eoft
heHol
ySpi
ri
twhi
chshoul
dnotbemi
nimi
zedor
mi
sused sexual
l
y.Ther
efor
e shoul
d be kepthol
yand mai
ntai
nfr
ee f
rom sexual
i
mmor
ali
tyasadv
ocat
edby
.

 Ther
eist
imef
orev
ery
thi
ng,f
ormat
ionofl
oveandt
imef
ornotmaki
ngl
ove,t
imef
or
ki
ssi
ngandt
imenotf
orki
ssi
ng,
timef
orsex,
andt
hisdoesnotmeant
omi
susesexby
t
hey
oungpeopl
e(Eccl
esi
ast
es3:
5)

 Sexshoul
dber
egul
arl
yandef
fect
ivel
yinmar
ri
agenott
ospar
eti
mef
orpr
ayer
sand
i
mmedi
atel
y.

 Accor
dingt
ogenesi
ssexi
sforcompani
onshi
p.Thati
stosay
,af
tercheat
ingmanGod
r
eal
i
zed t
hatmanwasunhappyt
hat
’swhyhecr
eat
edaf
emal
eto makehi
sli
fe
compl
ete(gen1-
5)

 Thescr
ipt
urest
ospel
louthow t
hesexi
nst
it
uti
onshoul
dbehandl
edt
opr
eser
vei
ts
hol
ynat
ureandi
tar
eint
hist
hatf
ormst
hebasi
sofChr
ist
iant
eachi
ng.

 Fr
om t
hebi
bli
calpoi
ntofv
iew,anyf
orm ofsexualcont
actshoul
dbeonl
ywi
thi
nthe
conf
inesoft
hemonogamousmar
ri
ager
elat
ionshi
pandGodhat
est
het
endencyof
hav
ingmul
ti
plesexualpar
tner
s.Forexampl
ePr
ophetNat
hanr
ebukedki
ngDav
idov
er
hi
saf
fai
rwi
thBat
hsheba(
2Sam 11andpuni
shedt
hem byki
l
li
ngt
hei
rchi
l
d.

 Thecar
dinali
mpor
tanceoft
hesexi
nst
it
uti
onwaspr
ocr
eat
ion.Goddesi
gnedsexasa
conductt
hroughwhi
chmancoul
dcont
inuehi
scr
eat
iver
oleofr
epr
oduci
nghi
sown
ki
ndi
nfactasacommand.Thati
stosay
,“Bef
rui
tf
ulandr
epr
oduce,f
ulf
il
lthewor
ld
andsubduei
t.
”(Genesi
s1:
28)

 Sexuali
nter
cour
seamongmar
ri
edpeopl
eissupposedt
oenhancecompani
onshi
p
bet
weent
hem. Themanneedshi
swi
fef
orphy
sicalf
ulf
il
lmentj
ustassheneedshi
m
andt
hisi
sthewi
l
lofGod. Gen2:
18i
ndi
cat
est
hatt
hesexandmar
ri
agei
nst
it
uti
ons
ar
eforcompani
onshi
p.

 Themar
ri
edcoupl
esar
ecal
l
edupont
opr
act
icesexuali
nter
cour
seasr
egul
arl
yas
possi
blet
oav
oidgi
vi
ngi
ntot
empt
ati
on.Pauli
n1Cor
int
hians7:
5appear
stodepi
cta
f
eel
i
ng t
hatr
egul
arsexuali
nter
cour
sepr
otect
smar
ri
ed coupl
esf
rom desi
ri
ng t
o
engagei
npr
ohi
bit
edsexual
rel
ati
ons.

 Sexuali
nter
cour
sei
sacl
i
maxofl
ovesent
iment
sbet
weenmar
ri
edcoupl
es.I
t’
sa
`
phy
sicalex
pressi
onofi
nner-f
eel
i
ngst
olov
eandcommi
tmentbet
weent
hemanand
womanandi
tsonl
yont
hebasi
soft
hist
hatt
hemanandwomanl
eav
ethei
rpar
ent
s’
homet
ouni
teashusbandandwi
fe(
Gen2:
24)

 Sexuali
nter
cour
sef
rom t
heChr
ist
ianposi
ti
onshoul
dbebet
weent
woconsent
ing
adul
tswi
thnobi
ologi
calr
elat
ionsbet
weent
hem.Sexuali
nter
cour
sebet
weenr
elat
ives
(
incest
)iscondemnedasasi
n.Forexampl
e,t
hest
oryofLothav
ingsexuali
nter
cour
se
wi
thhi
sownchi
l
dren(
Gen19:
30)

 Si
mil
arl
y,sexual
int
ercour
seshoul
dbest
ri
ctl
ybet
weenamanandawoman.Godhat
es
homosexual
i
tyandl
esbi
ani
sm andscr
ipt
uresspeakofhi
sraget
owar
dst
hem.For
i
nst
ance,
thedest
ruct
ionofSodom andGomor
rahGen19wasbecausehomosexual
i
ty
hadr
eachedunbear
abl
elev
elsi
nthesi
ghtofGod.

 I
nthesamemanner
,iti
sasi
nforamant
ohav
esexuali
nter
cour
sewi
thawomani
n
hermont
hlyper
iods,
dur
ingt
hist
ime,
she’
sri
tual
l
yuncl
eanandengagi
ngi
nanyf
orm of
sexual
behav
iorr
it
ual
l
ydef
il
est
heman(
Rev18:
19)

 Godhat
espr
omi
scuoussexualbehav
iorandpuni
shedal
lthoseengagedi
nit
.Forhei
s
whouni
teshi
sbodywi
thoutt
hatofapr
ost
it
utebecomesphy
sical
l
yonewi
thher(
1
Cor
int
hians6:
16)
,andt
hewr
athofGodr
est
sonhi
mforexampl
eGomerandHosea,
Jezebel
wif
eofAhab.

 Scr
ipt
urescal
lforl
oveandf
ait
hful
nessi
nmar
ri
ageandChr
ist
iansar
eencour
agedt
o
r
efr
ainf
rom anyf
orm ofi
nfi
del
i
tyi
nmar
ri
age. ForGodpuni
shessuchpeopl
eandt
hey
shal
lnoti
nher
itt
heki
ngdom ofGod(
1Cor
int
hians6:
9)

MARRI
AGE

I
tisal
egal
uni
onbet
weenmenandwoment
obecomehusbandandwi
fe.

Li
kewi
se,
it’
sthepubl
i
cagr
eement
/cov
enantbet
weenpeopl
eofopposi
tesexagr
eet
o
est
abl
i
shar
elat
ionshi
pformut
ual
suppor
t,l
ovet
opr
oduceandr
aisechi
l
dren.

Pur
poseofmar
ri
age

 Mar
ri
agei
smeantf
orpr
oduct
ionofchi
l
dren f
orcont
inui
tyofl
i
fe. I
t’
sthr
ough
mar
ri
aget
hatonecanpr
oduceandl
ovechi
l
dren.That
’swhyt
hebi
blel
ooksatchi
l
dren
asabl
essi
ng.
`
 Mar
ri
agei
spur
posel
ytohav
eaccesst
osexsi
ncesexout
sidemar
ri
agei
sconsi
der
ed
asasi
nandal
sobef
oremar
ri
age.Ther
efor
epeopl
etakeupmar
ri
aget
oful
fi
llt
hei
r
passi
onat
efeel
i
ngbymaki
ngl
ovewi
thsomeonet
heyl
ove.

 Somepeopl
emar
ryt
otakeposi
ti
onofr
esponsi
bil
i
tyi
nthesoci
ety
,sot
hatt
heyget
wi
ves,husbandst
otakeupi
mpor
tantj
obsandr
anksi
nthecommuni
ty.Forexampl
e,
onet
obecomeaheadt
eacher
,pr
esi
dentort
obear
eli
giousl
eaderi
ntheAngl
i
can
chur
chesshoul
dbemar
ri
ed.

 Thr
oughmar
ri
aget
her
eiscompani
onshi
pwhi
chmakesadul
tli
fecompl
etef
oran
i
ndi
vi
dual
.Coupl
esi
nmar
ri
ageshar
eideas,dev
elopt
oget
her
,assi
steachot
heri
n
sor
rowandj
oyandt
her
eisacompl
etel
i
fel
i
ved.

 Somepeopl
emar
ryt
oful
fi
llsomeext
ernaldemandsespeci
all
yfr
om ourpar
ent
sand
r
elat
ives;manygi
rl
sandboy
sar
einf
luencedt
omar
rybyt
hei
rpar
ent
s. Par
ent
sget
r
oomed when t
hei
rdaught
erswho ar
eaboutt
oreach 30 y
ear
sar
enotmar
ri
ed
t
her
efor
eint
erv
enef
orci
ngt
hem t
omar
ry.

 Mar
ri
agei
sani
mpor
tantsour
ceofweal
th,
li
fe,
domest
icani
mal
sbef
oremar
ri
agegi
ft
s
ar
eexchangedf
ort
henewsy
stem ofbr
ideweal
th.

 Mar
ri
agei
simpor
tantbecausei
tal
l
owspar
tner
stot
esti
ftheyar
efer
ti
leori
mpot
ent
.
Womenar
eabl
etoknow onl
yinmar
ri
aget
hatt
heyar
enotbar
renandcanpr
oduce
chi
l
drenandamani
sdecl
aredbi
ologi
cal
l
yfunct
ional
andnoti
mpot
enti
nmar
ri
age.

 I
t’
sani
nst
it
uti
onofr
espectt
obot
hmenandwomen. Peopl
emar
ryt
obeof
fi
cial
l
y
r
ecogni
zedi
nthesoci
etyandt
akeupchal
l
engesasmar
ri
edpeopl
e.Thati
stosay
,they
ar
etaughtt
obest
abl
e,upr
ight
,responsi
bleanddev
elopment
al.

 Mar
ri
agei
sar
eli
giousobl
i
gat
ion;Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
ogetpar
tner
sbecause
mar
ri
agei
sbl
essedbyGod. Genandpr
over
bsemphasi
zest
hataper
sonwhoget
sa
par
tnerf
ormar
ri
agedoesagoodt
hingandobt
ainsf
avourf
rom t
hel
ord.

 I
nmoder
nti
mesmar
ri
ageal
l
owspeopl
etoci
ti
zensbyr
ecogni
ti
onoft
hei
rrespect
ive
count
ri
es. Theywantt
ost
ayi
nor
dert
owor
k.Forexampl
einUSA,Canada,UKt
hey
gi
veci
ti
zenshi
ptoi
mmi
grant
sandj
obseeker
stoonl
ythosewhoar
emar
ri
edandi
t
easeamar
ri
edpeopl
etosecur
eav
isa.

 Somepeopl
emar
rybecauset
heywantt
ogetl
abourl
i
kehousewor
k,gar
denwor
k,i
n
`
or
dert
oav
oidexpensest
hatwoul
dbei
ncur
redonshambaboy
sandhousemai
ds.

 Somepeopl
etakeupmar
ri
agef
orsel
fi
shr
easonsespeci
all
yift
heywantt
ouset
hei
r
par
tner
sasapl
atf
ormt
ogetwhatt
heyl
ack. I
nUgandat
oday
,agoodnumberof
l
adi
esmar
ryi
nor
dert
ogetmoneyf
rom t
hei
rhusbands,
obt
ainposhcar
s,houses

TRADI
TIONALUNDERSTANDI
NGOFMARRI
AGE

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etymar
ri
agewascompul
sor
yandev
ery
bodywassupposed
t
omar
ry. Unmar
ri
edper
sonwasnotconsi
der
edandwhenhehadgr
owngr
eyhai
rhe
coul
dnotspeaki
npubl
i
candhi
swor
dswer
enott
akenser
iousamongt
heBaki
gaof
West
ernUgandaunmar
ri
edper
sonwasnotsupposedt
oof
feranywor
dinpubl
i
c.

 Var
iousr
it
ual
swer
ecar
ri
edouti
ncaseonedi
edav
irgi
nbecausei
twasbel
i
evedt
hat
t
hei
rspi
ri
tswer
edanger
ous.Forexampl
e,
‘‘
okugger
aampango’
’incaseoft
hosewho
di
edbachel
ors,
thei
rbodi
eswer
ecar
ri
edoutoft
hehouset
hrought
hehol
esbehi
ndt
he
houseamongt
heBagandaofcent
ralUgandat
hecoar
sebodywaspassedt
hrought
he
behi
nddoorwhent
aki
ngf
ort
aki
ngf
orbur
ial
.

 I
famanwasi
mpot
ent
,hi
sbr
otherwoul
dsl
eepwi
thhi
swi
feandt
hechi
l
drenpr
oduced
woul
dber
egar
dedast
hechi
l
drenoft
hei
mpot
entman.

 Bei
ngal
i
vemeantgi
vi
ngl
i
fet
hroughachi
l
dwhi
chensur
edr
emembr
anceaf
terdeat
h
t
her
efor
eman’
sli
fedependedonhi
schi
l
dren,
chi
l
dlessmar
ri
ageswer
eunbear
abl
eand
amanwasf
reet
otakeanot
herwi
fei
ncaset
hef
ir
stwomani
sbar
ren.

 Tr
adi
ti
onal
l
y,par
ent
slooked f
ormar
ri
age par
tner
sfort
hei
rchi
l
dren.Theywoul
d
choosef
rom f
ami
l
iest
heywant
edwi
thoutt
hechi
l
dreni
nfl
uence.

 Di
vor
cewasv
eryr
are.I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
etyi
tcoul
donl
ybeaccept
edi
next
reme
casessuchasi
fawomanwasbar
ren,car
ri
edoutadul
ter
y,wi
tchcr
aft
,thef
t.I
twas
nor
mal
l
yappr
ovedbyel
der
sbutamanwoul
dcar
ryoutpol
ygamyi
nst
eadofdi
vor
cing.

 Pol
ygamywascommonI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etymar
ri
agebecauseal
otofv
alues
wer
eat
tachedt
other
efor
eitwasapr
est
igi
oussour
ceofweal
thandl
abourcoul
dsol
ve
t
hepr
obl
em ofbar
rennessaswel
lasdi
vor
ce.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,womenwer
econsi
der
edi
nfer
iort
omen,
tot
alr
espectand
submi
ssi
onwer
eexpect
edf
rom t
hem t
her
efor
emendi
ctat
edov
ert
hewomenand
r
egar
dedt
hem aspr
oper
tysi
ncet
heypai
ddowr
yfort
hem.
`
 I
naddi
ti
on,
re-
mar
ri
ageandwi
dowi
nher
it
ancewaspr
act
iced.I
famandi
ed,
thebr
other
woul
dtakeov
ert
hewi
fe.

 Mar
ri
ageI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywasf
orest
abl
i
shmentoft
her
elat
ionshi
pwi
thi
n
t
hecommuni
tyandamanwoul
dmar
ryf
rom di
ff
erentcl
ansf
ort
hispur
posehel
pedi
n
st
oppi
ngi
nter
-cl
anwar
s.

 Tr
adi
ti
onal
l
ymar
ri
agewasacov
enantbet
weent
wof
ami
l
iesandacommunalaf
fai
r.
Ev
ery
bodyi
nthesoci
etyf
ri
endsandr
elat
ivespar
ti
cipat
edi
noneoft
heot
hert
omake
t
hemar
ri
agecer
emonyasuccess.

 Dowr
yorbr
idepr
icewasani
mpor
tantel
ementi
nAf
ri
canmar
ri
age.Mar
ri
agewoul
d
onl
yber
evel
edaf
tercompl
eti
ngt
her
equi
reddowr
y.

 Dowr
ywasqui
teani
mpor
tantdemandbecausei
tseal
edmar
ri
ageandgav
epr
otect
ion
t
obot
hpar
tner
s.

 Anext
endedf
ami
l
ywat
chedov
ert
hedi
sci
pli
ne,pr
oper
tyandmor
alsoft
hey
oung
peopl
eInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
.

 Mar
ri
agewassupposedt
obebet
weennonr
elat
ives.

 Sexeducat
ion and pr
epar
ati
on f
ormar
ri
age wasdone t
o pr
epar
ethe y
oung f
or
mar
ri
age.

CHOI
CEOFMARRI
AGEPARTNERSI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY

 Choi
ceofmar
ri
agepar
tner
swasapubl
i
caf
fai
rpar
ent
s,r
elat
ivesandf
ri
endswoul
dget
i
nvol
ved.Thi
swasdonewi
thoutt
heknowl
edgeoft
hechi
l
dandshe/
hehadnor
ightt
o
r
ejectt
hechoi
cemadeorel
secur
seswoul
dfol
l
owhi
m/her
.

 Thepar
ent
sorr
elat
iveswoul
dident
if
yapar
ti
cul
arf
ami
l
yfr
om whi
cht
hei
rsonwoul
d
mar
ryandsuchaf
ami
l
yhadt
obewi
thgoodmor
alsorbackgr
ound.

 Att
imest
heboy
’sf
ami
l
ywoul
d‘book’apr
egnancyi
nadv
ancesucht
hati
ncaset
he
bor
nchi
l
dwasagi
rlshecoul
daut
omat
ical
l
ybecomeaf
utur
ewi
fet
othei
rsonsuch
commi
tmenthadt
ober
espect
edandcoul
dnotbebr
okenev
enwhent
hebonchi
l
d
wasdi
sabl
edi
nany
way
.

 Ther
ewasal
somar
ri
agebycapt
ure. Aboywoul
dor
gani
zeapar
ti
cul
argr
oupof
peopl
ewhowoul
dfor
cef
ull
ytaket
hegi
rlt
ohi
spl
acef
ormar
ri
age.Howev
ert
heboy
’s
f
ami
l
yhadt
oappr
eci
atet
hegi
rl
’sf
ami
l
ybef
oret
heact
ioni
sdone. Gi
rl
swoul
dbe
`
capt
uredast
heywentt
ofandot
her
shwat
erupr
ootpot
atoesorast
heycameoutof
t
hei
rfat
her
’shomes. Thi
swaspr
act
icedamongt
heI
tesos,Kar
amaj
ongsandMasai
peopl
e.

 Thr
oughcul
tur
epr
act
ices.Thati
stosay
,ci
rcumci
sionamongt
heBamasabaofMbal
e
i
nEast
ernUgandawher
eani
ndi
vi
dualwoul
dident
if
yamar
ri
agepar
tnerdur
ingt
he
exer
cise.

HOW I
SMARRI
AGEI
SUNDERSTOODTODAY?

Todaymar
ri
agei
sunder
stoodi
nthef
oll
owi
ngway
s:

 Themar
ri
agepar
tner
senj
oyal
argemeasur
eoff
reedom t
omaket
hei
rpr
efer
red
choi
ceoft
hei
rpar
tner
.Sopar
ent
ali
nfl
uencei
sli
mit
ed.

 Mar
ri
agei
sunder
stoodast
heex
pressi
onofl
ovebet
weenpar
tner
sinmar
ri
age. I
n
ot
herwor
ds,
theyseei
neachot
heraf
ri
endt
heycan’
taf
for
dtol
i
vewi
thout
.

 Mar
ri
aget
odayi
stakenasanagr
eementbet
weenpar
tner
swho hav
ereacheda
har
moni
ousl
i
vingt
oget
her
.

 Mostpeopl
ewhot
akeupchur
chandcust
omar
ymar
ri
aget
akemar
ri
ageasabl
essi
ng
f
rom par
ent
soft
hepar
tner
s.Suchbl
essi
ngsar
egener
all
ypassedonaf
tert
heman’
s
f
ami
l
ypay
ingdowr
y.

 Todaymar
ri
ageasani
nst
it
uti
oni
sunder
stoodasaper
manentuni
onbet
weenpar
tner
s
whoar
einl
ove.Act
ual
l
ythi
sisf
oll
owi
ngGod’
steachi
ngi
nthebookofGenesi
s.

 Mar
ri
aget
odayi
sunder
stoodasani
nst
it
uti
onwher
epar
tner
sar
eexpect
edt
oremai
n
f
ait
hful
tooneanot
her
. Sot
hismeanst
hev
owst
heymade/
tookbef
orepar
ent
sort
he
r
eli
giousl
eader
s.

 Mostpar
tner
sunder
stoodmar
ri
ageasachannelwhi
chsexshoul
dbeenj
oyed.Thi
sis
becausesexi
sadi
vi
negi
ftf
rom Godbutonl
yper
mit
tedi
nmar
ri
age.

 Todaymar
ri
agei
stakenasachannelf
orpr
oduci
ngchi
l
dren.Chi
l
drenar
etakenasa
bl
essi
ngf
rom Godandi
t’
saphy
sical
signf
orseal
i
ngmar
ri
age.
`
 Mar
ri
aget
odayi
sunder
stoodasawayt
ofi
ndapar
tnerwi
thwhom t
ocel
ebr
atej
oys,
successandst
rengt
handt
oencour
ageoneanot
heri
nti
mesofsor
rows,l
ossesand
weaknesses.

 Undernor
malci
rcumst
ances,mar
ri
agei
stakenasapubl
i
cev
ent
.Thi
sisbecause
member
soft
hepubl
i
cactaswi
tnessesbyat
tendi
ngt
hecer
emonyt
opr
ovei
tfr
eeand
t
ranspar
ent
.

 Todaymar
ri
agei
saccompani
ed wi
thagr
and par
tyt
otheguest
s. So t
her
eis
j
ubi
l
ati
onwi
tht
hebr
idesf
orst
art
inganewi
ndependentl
i
fedesi
gnedbyGodhi
msel
f.

 Todaymar
ri
agedoesn’
tonl
yacqui
remanawi
febutal
soget
shi
m anew f
ami
l
yof
r
elat
ivest
orel
atewi
th.Thati
stosay
,thewi
fe’
srel
ati
ves.

 Todaymar
ri
agemeanst
oconsi
dert
heheal
thst
atusoft
hepar
tnert
obemar
ri
edand
t
hent
aket
hebestchoi
ce.

 Todaymanypeopl
eobser
veamonogamousmar
ri
agewhi
chi
sbi
bli
cal
l
yrecommended.

CHOI
CEOFMARRI
AGEPARTNERSTODAY

 Todaypeopl
egetmar
ri
agepar
tner
sthr
oughsci
ent
if
ic,t
hroughsur
fi
ngofmar
ri
age
par
tner
.Forexampl
emar
ri
ageofMi
ssYamamot
oandt
hel
ateHi
sExcel
l
encyGodf
rey
Bi
nai
saf
ormerpr
esi
dentoft
her
epubl
i
cofUgandat
hroughcomput
erdat
ing.

 I
ndi
vi
dualchoi
ceofpar
tnerdependi
ngonone’
swi
shesandi
nter
estwhi
char
erel
ated
t
ophy
sical
att
ract
ion.

 Todayt
her
ear
eopenv
isi
tsandt
alksbyt
hey
oungmenandwoment
hatcr
eat
esa
r
elat
ionshi
phencel
eadi
ngt
omar
ri
age.

 Thr
oughadv
ert
isementi
nnewspaper
s,t
elev
isi
ons.Forexampl
eonBukeddeTVont
he
pr
ogr
ammeof‘
Abanooy
a’and magazi
neswher
eint
erest
ed par
tner
slookf
orone
anot
herhencel
eadi
ngt
omar
ri
age.

 Todayi
n somechur
ches,past
orschoosef
rom congr
egat
ion and somet
eacher
s
choosewher
etheyt
each.

 Somepar
ent
stodaymaket
hechoi
cef
ort
hei
rchi
l
drenandhencehel
pingt
hem t
oget
mar
ri
agepar
tner
s.

 Par
tner
sar
emai
nlygott
hroughper
sonalchoi
ceont
hei
rown.Peopl
epi
ckpar
tner
s
t
hroughi
nter
act
ionswi
thbeaut
if
ulwor
kmat
es.
`
 Ot
her
sgetpar
tner
sthr
oughi
nter
net
.Peopl
eadv
ert
iset
hemsel
vesf
ormar
ri
ageand
t
heyl
i
nkupwi
tht
hosei
nter
est
edandt
her
efor
est
artupar
elat
ionshi
p.Forexampl
e
l
ateBi
nai
sagotaChi
nesewomant
hroughusi
ngt
hei
nter
netandmanypeopl
egetboy
f
ri
endsorgi
rlf
ri
endsacr
osst
hewor
ldt
hrought
hei
nter
net
.

 Somepeopl
esear
chf
orandgetpar
tner
sthr
oughr
adi
oandTV pr
ogr
ammes.For
exampl
elat
eNal
uleof70y
ear
susedBukedde“
Abanoony
a”pr
ogr
am t
oshow t
he
qual
i
tiesshewant
edf
rom al
over
.

 Par
tner
scanbegott
odayt
hroughf
ri
endsast
heyconnecti
npl
acesofwor
k,r
elat
ives
andt
henei
ghbor
hood.

 Rel
ati
vessuchasaunt
ies,
uncl
es,
cousi
nssomet
imescanbeusedt
oident
if
yapar
tner
t
oaf
ell
owr
elat
iveandor
gani
zet
heconnect
ions.

 Thechur
chl
eader
sal
sohel
ptopai
rupmember
soft
hechur
chf
rom t
hecongr
egat
ion
t
hroughgui
danceandcounsel
i
ng.

 Peopl
egetpar
tner
sthr
oughadv
ert
isementont
hemassmedi
ali
ker
adi
ost
ati
onsand
newspaper
s.

 I
t’
snowondert
hatsomepeopl
egetpar
tner
sthr
oughi
nvol
vi
ngwi
tchcr
aft
,lov
echar
ms
t
olookf
oramar
ri
age.

 Par
tner
sgetcl
osef
ri
ends.Thati
stosay
,fel
l
ow l
over
sthr
oughgoi
ngt
oget
hert
o
di
scosespeci
all
yatni
ght
.Someendupget
ti
ngsexual
par
tner
s.

 Spor
tsact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kef
oot
bal
l
,net
bal
l
,vol
l
eybal
l
,ni
ghtpr
ayer
shav
ecr
eat
edsomespace
f
ormaki
ngl
oveamongpar
tner
s.

 Dat
ingi
susedbysomepeopl
etoi
dent
if
ymar
ri
agepar
tner
s.Thi
siscommonamong
t
heeducat
edwhi
chbegi
nsatschool
orcol
l
egesoruni
ver
sit
ies.

 Par
ent
s somet
imes i
dent
if
ymar
ri
age par
tner
sfort
hei
rchi
l
dren.Thi
s pr
act
ice i
s
commoni
nIndi
a,Ni
ger
iaamongt
heI
gbosandpar
tl
yinUgandaamongt
heI
tesot
s. I
n
Ugandai
tsnot
edt
hatpr
esi
dentMusev
enipl
ayedakeyr
olei
nor
gani
zi
ngt
hemar
ri
age
bet
weenhi
ssonMuhoozi
andShar
lot
teKut
eesat
hedaught
erofSam Kut
eesa.

 Wr
est
li
ngi
samet
hodi
nKar
amoj
awher
eaboywr
est
leswi
thagi
rlhewi
shest
omar
ry.
I
faboybecomesawi
nner
,thent
hepar
ent
sgi
vei
nthei
rdaught
erf
ormar
ri
ageof
fi
cial
l
y.
`
 Abduct
ionhasbeenusedbysomepeopl
etogetwoment
omar
ry,BokoHar
arm
sol
dier
s/war
ri
orsusedi
tinNi
ger
iawher
emanyschoolgi
rl
swer
eabduct
ed.The
Sami
apeopl
einUgandaal
sodoi
tbyuseofener
get
icboy
swhor
oundupgi
rl
sast
hey
got
ocol
l
ectf
ir
ewoodorwat
er.Thenamessagei
ssentt
othei
rhome.

PROBLEMSYOUNGPEOPLEFACEI
NCHOOSI
NGMARRI
AGEPARTNERS

 Get
ti
ng a mar
ri
age par
tner wi
th al
lnecessar
y qual
i
ties l
i
ke educat
ion l
evel
s,
t
ri
be/
rel
i
giousr
elat
ions,
soci
abi
l
ity
,heal
thst
atusandot
her
sisv
erydi
ff
icul
t.

 Somet
imespar
ent
sint
erf
erei
nthechoi
ceoft
hei
rchi
l
dren’
smar
ri
agepar
tner
.Some
r
eacht
othepoi
ntofr
efusi
ngt
ohonourt
heboy
/gi
rlf
ri
endt
hei
rson/
daught
eri
ntends
t
omar
ry.

 Di
seasesl
i
keAI
Ds,si
ckl
ecel
l
s,cancert
hreat
ent
hey
oungpeopl
efr
om t
aki
ngupt
he
par
tner
stheywi
shedt
omar
ry.

 Fi
nanci
alhar
dshi
pisal
soabi
gpr
obl
em f
acedbymen.Somehav
efai
l
edt
omar
ry
cer
tai
ngi
rl
sbecausey
ounggi
rl
swantr
ichmen.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofpeergr
oupmember
ssomet
imesbecomesapr
obl
em f
acedbyy
oung
peopl
e. Fr
iendsmayr
efuseonef
rom mar
ryi
ngorget
ti
ngmar
ri
edt
osomebody
.

 Youngpeopl
ear
eat
tract
edt
osuper
fi
cialbeaut
y.Thi
smayr
endert
hem f
rom choosi
ng
t
her
ight
fulpar
tnerwhowoul
dbehar
dwor
king,soci
al,educat
edandofagoodf
ami
l
y
backgr
ound.

 Thehi
ghbr
ideweal
thdemandedbypar
ent
shasscar
edsomeboy
sfr
om mar
ryi
nggi
rl
s
oft
hei
rfi
rstchoi
ce.

 Mostt
owngi
rl
shav
eabadr
eput
ati
on.Theyar
en’
tgenui
nei
nmanycases.

 Di
ff
erencei
nrel
i
gionespeci
all
yaChr
ist
ianmar
ryi
ngaMosl
em i
sver
ydi
ff
icul
t.

QUALI
TIESCONSI
DEREDFORAGOODMARRI
AGEPARTNERTODAY

Thef
oll
owi
ngar
esomeoft
hequal
i
tiesorchar
act
eri
sti
csoneshoul
dexpectf
rom a
goodmar
ri
agepar
tner
;

 Peopl
econsi
dert
hepar
tner
’sr
eli
gionasanessent
ialel
ement
. Thepar
tnershoul
d
hav
ethesamer
eli
gionorel
set
hewomanshoul
dacceptt
oincl
i
neort
akeupt
heman’
s
`
f
ait
h/r
eli
gioni
nor
dert
ohav
east
abl
emar
ri
age.

 Apar
tnerwhosechar
act
eri
scomposedofr
espect
,ki
ndness,t
ender
ness,pol
i
teness
andunder
standi
ngcanmakeamar
ri
agel
i
fev
eryl
i
vel
y.

 Todaypeopl
elookf
orpar
tner
swhohav
evi
rt
uesl
i
kehumi
l
ity
,honest
y,t
rut
hful
,tr
ust
wor
thi
ness,
par
doni
ng,
gener
ousandpat
ient
.

 Goodpar
tner
schosent
odayar
ethosewhohav
egoodhabi
tsbutnothabi
tsl
i
ke
al
cohol
i
sm andsmoki
ng.

 Thepar
tner
sconsi
der
edt
odayar
ethosewhoshar
esi
mil
ari
nter
est
sli
kespor
ts,
musi
c,
t
our
ingnewpl
aces,
zoosorbeachesandmanyot
her
s

 Phy
sicalappear
ancei
sanessent
ialf
act
or/
qual
i
tyconsi
der
edt
odaywhenl
ooki
ngf
or
at
tract
ive(
beaut
if
ul)l
adi
esdependi
ngont
hei
ndi
vi
dual
’
sjudgmentl
i
kehei
ght
,si
ze,
col
our
,bodyf
igur
eandmanyot
her
s

 Educat
ionl
evel
sar
eal
sohi
ghl
yconsi
der
edbysomemenandwomen. Peopl
ewho
ar
eeducat
edatl
eastt
oadegr
eel
evelwi
sht
omar
ryt
hosewi
thadegr
eeoratl
east
wi
thadi
plomaandal
soempl
oyed.

 Peopl
epr
efert
omar
rypar
tner
swhoar
esoci
al.Thati
stosay
,thosewhounder
stand
andr
espectpeopl
ear
oundt
hem f
ort
hei
rpar
tner
s. Par
tner
swhoar
ehel
pful
,cheer
ful
andconsi
der
atear
ehi
ghl
yconsi
der
ed.

 Par
tner
susual
l
ylookf
orheal
thymar
ri
agepar
tner
sexceptonr
earcasewher
eAI
DS
v
ict
imsl
ooki
ngf
orf
ell
owHI
Vposi
ti
vev
ict
imst
omar
ry. Ot
her
wisei
t’
scommont
oday
t
ofi
ndf
utur
epr
ospect
ivepar
tner
sfi
rstunder
goi
ngmedi
calcheckupst
ocheckf
or
deadl
ydi
seasesl
i
keAI
Dsandsi
ckl
ecel
l
s.

 Al
way
smenl
ookf
orwomenbutal
sophy
sical
l
yhar
dwor
kingf
ordev
elopmentoft
hei
r
f
ami
l
y.

 Agoodbackgr
oundi
shi
ghl
yconsi
der
ed. Thoughagi
rlmaybephy
sical
l
ybeaut
if
uli
f
shecomesf
rom acanni
bal
i
sti
cfami
l
ythenmanymencan’
tinf
orher
.

 Woment
odayt
akeonmenwhoseem t
ohav
east
abl
eincomegener
ati
ngpr
ojectt
hat
cansuppor
tthef
ami
l
y. Forexampl
ehav
ingaschool
orhospi
tal
proj
ect
.

 AGodf
ear
ingper
soni
shi
ghl
yrecommendedf
ormar
ri
aget
odaybymanypar
tner
s.

ADVANTAGESOFI
NVOLVI
NGPARENTSI
NCHOOSI
NGMARRI
AGEPARTNERS
`
 Par
ent
smaket
hor
oughi
nqui
ri
esaboutt
hepr
oposedgi
rlbef
oremar
ri
age.Thi
senabl
es
aboyt
ogetagoodgi
rlf
orawi
fe.

 Theyhel
pinav
oidi
ngi
ncesti
nmar
ri
agesi
ncet
heyknowev
erydet
ailoft
her
elat
ivesor
f
ami
l
ymember
s.

 Thecoupl
eshav
eful
lpr
otect
ionasal
way
ssomei
ntogi
veadv
iceandsol
vet
he
pr
obl
emsar
isi
ngi
nthemar
ri
ageoft
hey
oungpeopl
esi
ncet
heyar
est
akehol
der
s‘hav
e
exper
ience’
.

 Fami
l
yli
vesar
est
rengt
henedt
her
efor
ethi
shel
psi
nst
abl
i
ngt
hemar
ri
ageoft
hey
oung
peopl
esi
ncet
hei
nvol
vementofpar
ent
scr
eat
esf
ri
endshi
pbet
weent
hem andt
hei
r
mar
ri
edchi
l
dren.

 Whenpar
ent
sar
einv
olv
edt
hepar
tner
sar
eassur
edofbl
essi
ngsf
rom par
ent
s,el
der
s
andoft
hesoci
etymember
s(Gen24:
54-
60)

 I
thel
pedt
hemar
ri
agepar
tner
stobesuppor
tedf
inanci
all
ymor
all
yinor
dert
oboastt
he
newf
ami
l
y.

 Chr
oni
cdi
seasessuchasast
hma,si
ckl
ecel
l
swoul
dbeav
oidedwhenpar
ent
sar
e
i
nvol
vedbecauset
heygi
vemor
einf
ormat
ionaboutt
hef
ami
l
ybackgr
oundoft
he
par
tner
sbet
tert
hant
hey
oungpeopl
ethemsel
ves.

 Par
ent
scont
ri
but
edbr
ideweal
thoncet
heyar
ewel
linv
olv
edi
nmar
ri
ageoft
hey
oung
oneshencemar
ryi
ngi
ttor
emai
nst
abl
e.

 Thei
nvol
vementofpar
ent
sinchoosi
ngmar
ri
agepar
tner
shel
pst
hey
oungcoupl
eto
hav
eful
lpr
otect
ionsi
ncepar
ent
sal
way
sgi
veadv
icet
othem.

ADVANTAGES(
MERI
TS)

 I
tpr
event
sthe chi
l
dfr
om maki
ng i
mmat
ure,unwi
se and r
egr
ett
abl
e choi
ces.
RememberI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyandev
ent
odaymanychi
l
drengeti
nlov
efor
mar
ri
ageatav
eryt
enderageev
enbel
ow18y
ear
s.

 I
nAf
ri
camar
ri
agei
sacommuni
tyconcer
nsoi
nor
dert
ohav
easui
tabl
epar
tner
,the
par
ent
sandcommuni
tyatl
argewor
ktoget
her
.
`
 I
tpr
event
spar
tner
sofbadchar
act
ersandbehav
iorf
rom bei
ngmar
ri
edbyhumbl
e
peopl
esi
nceel
der
sar
e/wer
eex
per
iencedandi
nmostcaseswer
eknowl
edgeabl
e
aboutcer
tai
nfami
l
ybackgr
ounds.

 Thepay
mentofdowr
ybecomeseasysi
ncepar
ent
scaneasi
l
ymobi
l
izet
her
elat
ives
andf
ri
endsoft
hef
ami
l
ytor
aiset
her
equi
redbr
ideweal
th.

 Par
ent
ali
nvol
vementi
nchoosi
ngt
hemar
ri
agepar
tneroft
hei
rchi
l
dhel
pst
opr
event
pr
e-mar
it
alsexandunwant
edpr
egnanci
essi
ncei
tbecomesdi
ff
icul
tforpar
tner
sto
meetf
orsex.

 Par
ent
ali
nvol
vementst
abi
l
izest
hemar
ri
agei
nst
it
uti
onsi
ncei
tst
ressesi
tsr
oot
sfr
om
bot
hfami
l
ies.

 I
tpr
event
schi
l
drenf
rom mar
ryi
ngpeopl
ewi
tht
err
ibl
ehabi
tsl
i
kewi
tchcr
aftsor
cer
ies,
canni
bal
s,l
azi
nessandmanyot
her
s

 Thepar
ent
sscr
uti
nizeandi
dent
if
ythesebecauseoft
hei
rexper
iences.

 I
tal
sohel
pschi
l
drenf
rom commi
tt
ingi
ncest
.Thi
smeansmar
ryi
ngacl
oser
elat
ive
(
clan-
mat
e)andt
hisi
sat
abooagai
nstmanyAf
ri
canet
hni
ccul
tur
es.

DI
SADVANTAGES(
DEMERI
TS)

 Themet
hoddepr
ivest
hechi
l
drenoft
hei
rfundament
alr
ightt
ohav
easayi
nthechoi
ce
oft
hei
rmar
ri
agepar
tner
s.

 I
tisn’
ta guar
ant
ee t
hatal
way
sthe par
ent
alchoi
cesar
e al
way
sbet
tert
han f
or
i
ndi
vi
dual
choi
ce. Somet
imeschi
l
drenar
elef
tinast
ateofdesper
ati
on.

 Att
imessuchmar
ri
agei
sn’
torwer
en’
tbasedonl
ove;r
atheri
t’
sbasedonpar
ent
s
t
arget
inghi
ghbr
ideweal
thandex
pansi
onoft
hecl
annotonl
ove.

 I
tencour
agesext
raandunnecessar
yint
erv
ent
ioni
nthechi
l
dren’
shomeaf
fai
rsbyt
he
par
ent
ssi
ncet
heyhadanupperhandi
nthechoi
ceandpay
mentofdowr
y.

 Thewi
femayf
orceawomant
obecomer
ebel
l
iousasshef
indspr
otect
ionf
rom t
he
par
ent
swhochosef
orhert
heman.

 Theactmayencour
ageadul
ter
yatbot
hsi
desandsomet
imespol
ygamyatt
hesi
deof
t
hehusbandsi
ncet
her
ewasnoor
igi
nal
att
ract
ionandl
ovenotev
enchoi
ce.

 I
ncaseswher
epar
ent
sbookf
ort
hei
rchi
l
drenmar
ri
agepar
tner
swhi
l
est
il
li
nthewomb
`
l
i
kei
nIndi
a,t
her
emi
ghtbeembar
rassmenti
fthewoul
dbepar
tnercomesoutwi
th
def
ormi
ti
esl
i
keal
amehandorl
egorf
aci
aldef
ormi
ti
es.

 Si
ncet
hebegi
nni
ngoft
her
elat
ionshi
pwasi
nit
iat
edbypar
ent
s,t
heymi
ghtaswel
l
easi
l
ypr
oposet
hedi
ssol
uti
onoft
hemar
ri
age.

 Thedi
ff
erencei
nrel
i
giousbel
i
efscanbei
gnor
edbysomepar
ent
s.Thi
scaneasi
l
ylead
t
obr
eakdownofsuchmar
ri
agesev
eni
fthepar
ent
swer
etheoneswhochosef
ory
ou
t
hepar
tner
.

COMPARI
SONBETWEENAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETYANDTODAY’
SFACTORS
WHENCHOOSI
NGA MARRI
AGEPARTNER

 Todaybeaut
yishi
ghl
yconsi
der
edespeci
all
yont
hesi
deofwomenwhi
l
eInAf
ri
can
t
radi
ti
onal
soci
etywasaquest
ionofbei
nghar
d-wor
kingandwi
thgoodmor
als.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etypr
ior
it
ywasgi
vent
oapar
tnerofone’
str
ibeandcul
tur
e
whi
l
etodayi
nter
tri
balmar
ri
agesar
eaccept
edasl
ongast
hecoupl
eshav
ecommon
i
nter
estandl
ove.

 Todayf
ormaleducat
ionandi
ntel
l
igenceoft
hepar
tneri
simpor
tantwhi
l
eInAf
ri
can
t
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyi
twashow wel
lthegi
rlhadl
ear
nthow t
ocookandcar
efort
he
f
ami
l
ywhi
chmat
ter
ed.

 Cul
tur
alandsoci
alf
act
orssuchasgoi
ngt
hroughi
nit
iat
ionr
it
esl
i
keci
rcumci
sionwer
e
r
eal
l
yconsi
der
edi
nsomesoci
eti
es.Forexampl
e,t
heBamasabaofEast
ernUgandabut
t
odayi
tisi
nter
estandl
i
vebet
weenpar
tner
swhi
chmat
ter
s.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyt
hechoi
ceofmar
ri
agepar
tner
swasdonebyel
der
sbut
t
odayt
her
eisf
reedom t
ochoosewhom t
omar
rydependi
ngoni
ndi
vi
dual
int
erest
s.

 Todayweal
thoreconomi
cst
atusoft
heper
sonespeci
all
yonman’
ssi
dei
shi
ghl
y
consi
der
edwhi
l
eInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywasdi
sci
pli
neandbei
ngsoci
alwhi
ch
mat
ter
ed.

 Vi
rgi
nit
ywashi
ghl
yregar
ded I
n Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyhowev
ert
odayi
tisq
quest
ionofbei
ngheal
thandf
reef
rom sev
eral
diseasesl
i
keAI
DS.

 Today pol
i
teness,ki
ndness and sel
f-r
espectar
e hi
ghl
y sol
ved whi
l
eIn Af
ri
can
t
radi
ti
onalsoci
etygi
rl
swoul
dbei
mposedonmenwhower
eroughj
ustbecauset
hey
coul
dpayhi
ghbr
idepr
ice.
`
 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyt
her
ewer
enospeci
fi
cti
meoragel
i
mitofonet
omar
ry
butt
odayaccor
dingt
otheUgandanl
aw,onehast
obeabov
etheageof18y
ear
sin
or
dert
obemar
ri
ed.

Whydosomepeopl
efearmar
ri
aget
oday
?

Manypeopl
etodaydonotmar
rybecauseoft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
easons;

 Somemenf
earear
lyr
esponsi
bil
i
tiesofl
ooki
ngaf
tert
hewi
feandt
hechi
l
dren.

 Somepeopl
etakel
ongper
iodsi
nst
udi
esandt
heycan’
thav
eti
meenoughwi
thwi
ves.

 Manyy
out
htodayf
earmar
ri
agef
orf
eart
oacqui
reHI
V/AI
DSandanyot
hersexual
l
y
t
ransmi
tt
eddi
seases.

 Somepeopl
etakel
ongt
omar
rybecauset
heywantt
ofi
rstest
abl
i
sh/
bui
l
dthei
rown
homesandev
enbuysomer
easonabl
elandt
olookaf
tert
hei
rfami
l
y.

 Somepeopl
edev
otet
hei
rli
vest
otheser
viceofGodonl
yforexampl
epr
iest
sandnuns.

 Somepeopl
eremai
nunmar
ri
edduet
othenat
ureoft
hewor
ktheydo.Forexampl
e
pr
ost
it
utesandsaf
ari
/l
ongdi
stancedr
iver
s.

 Somepeopl
ehav
ebadsoci
alhabi
tst
hatpeopl
efeart
ogetmar
ri
edt
othem.Thati
sto
say
,ni
ghtdancer
s,wi
tchcr
aft
s,man-
eat
ers(
canni
bal
s).Sot
heyf
eart
obei
dent
if
iedby
t
hei
rwoul
dbepar
tner
s.

 Somemendon’
tmar
ryt
odaybecauset
heyar
epoorandcannotpaydowr
yandal
so
mai
ntai
nthef
ami
l
y.

 I
tisnor
mal
todayandt
akent
obeaf
orm ofmoder
nit
yremai
ningunmar
ri
ed.

 Todaymostwomenar
eeducat
edandhav
emoneyandpr
oper
tyhencet
heymayneed
nol
ovef
ormar
ri
age.

 Somepeopl
ewantt
oenj
oyi
ndependenceespeci
all
yhousewi
veshencet
heydon’
t
mi
ndaboutmar
ri
age.

 Somepeopl
eli
kegi
rl
sar
epr
ovedbar
renbyt
hedoct
orshencet
heyev
enav
oidget
ti
ng
mar
ri
edf
orf
earofshame.

 Somewoment
odayonl
ytar
getmen’
spr
oper
ty. Sot
hosewhohav
ebeencheat
ed
di
scour
ageot
her
sfr
om mar
ri
age.

 Somegi
rl
sfearcompet
it
ionwi
thco-
wiv
eswhomaybei
nthepol
ygamousmar
ri
age
`
andwi
tchcr
aftmaybepr
act
iced.

 Somegi
rl
sref
uset
obemar
ri
edbecauset
heywantt
okeepl
ooki
ngy
oungast
heyknow
mar
ri
ageandchi
l
dbear
ingmakesonet
ofade.

 Somemenar
enat
ural
l
yshyandsof
eart
oappr
oacht
heopposi
tesext
otal
kabout
mar
ri
agei
ssues.

 Poorheal
thymaydi
scour
ageonet
omar
ry. Fori
nst
anceonebei
ngment
all
ydi
stur
bed,
af
fect
edwi
thcancer
,si
ckl
ecel
l
s,Ai
ds.

FORMSOFMARRI
AGE

1.Cust
omar
y/t
radi
ti
onal
mar
ri
age

2.Chur
ch/Rel
i
giousmar
ri
age

3.Ci
vi
lmar
ri
age

4.Tr
ial
mar
ri
age

CUSTOMARY/
TRADI
TIONALMARRI
AGE

Thi
sisamar
ri
agear
rangedbyal
l
,bot
hfami
l
iesoft
hecoupl
eandi
tscar
ri
edouti
na
cust
omar
yway
.Iti
ncl
udespay
ingofbr
idepr
iceaccompani
edbyot
hercer
emoni
es.

Char
act
eri
sti
csofCust
omar
y/t
radi
ti
onalMar
ri
age

 Mar
ri
agewasar
rangedbyt
heseni
ormember
soft
hef
ami
l
ybasi
ngonqual
i
tiesl
i
ke
f
ami
l
ybackgr
ound,
heal
thandmanyot
her
s

 Br
ideweal
thwasgi
vent
othegi
rl
’sf
ami
l
yascompensat
ionf
ort
hel
ossofamember
.

 Chi
l
dlessnesswasaser
iousmat
terbecauset
hemai
npur
poseofmar
ri
agewasf
orpr
o
-
creat
ion.

 I
nsomesoci
eti
es,
widowi
nher
it
ancewasencour
agedandt
hiswasdomet
oov
ercome
sexual
abuseespeci
all
yont
hesi
deoft
hewi
dow.

 Vi
rgi
nit
ypr
eser
vat
ionbef
oremar
ri
agewashi
ghl
yval
uedbecauseweal
thdependedon
v
irgi
nit
y. I
nsomecul
tur
es,l
i
keamongt
heBagandaofcent
ralBugandai
fagi
rll
ost
herv
irgi
nit
y,shewoul
dbegi
venasmal
lbar
kcl
othwi
thahol
eint
hemi
ddl
etot
akei
tto
t
hepar
ent
stoshowt
hatshehadl
osthev
irgi
nit
y.

 Mar
ri
agewascompul
sor
yandanunmar
ri
edst
atewasnotappr
ovedof.Forexampl
ein
`
somesoci
eti
es,ev
eni
fonewasol
d,wi
thabol
dhead,t
oot
hlessandwi
thgr
eyhai
rhe
wasn’
trespect
edbecausehewasunmar
ri
ed.

 Thenewl
ymar
ri
edcoupl
ewaspar
toft
heext
endedf
ami
l
ybecauseal
lseni
ormember
s
oft
hef
ami
l
ywoul
dpar
ti
cipat
eint
hemar
ri
ageoft
henewcoupl
e.

 Di
vor
cewasaccept
edt
houghr
arebutoncer
tai
nser
iousr
easonsandatt
imesbr
ide
weal
thwoul
dber
efused.

 I
nsomesoci
eti
es,wi
feshar
ingwasal
l
owed.Forexampl
e,amongt
heBahi
mai
n
west
ernUganda,
ifonegotav
isi
tor
,onewoul
dgi
vehi
swi
fet
oent
ert
aint
hev
isi
torora
f
ri
end.

 Mar
ri
agewast
obebet
weennonr
elat
ives,peopl
emar
ri
edf
rom di
ff
erentcl
ansbutof
t
hesamet
ri
be.Forexampl
eifaMut
oor
omar
ri
edaMukonj
o,di
vor
cewoul
dtakepl
ace
becauseBat
oor
odi
srespectt
heBakonj
obecauset
heywer
econsi
der
edt
obeofl
ow
st
atus.

 Mar
ri
agewasacommuni
tyaf
fai
randnotani
ndi
vi
dualaf
fai
rbecauseal
lmember
sof
t
hebr
idepr
ice.

 Pol
ygamywasal
l
owedf
orr
easonsaccept
abl
etot
hecommuni
ty.Forexampl
eift
he
manhasext
radesi
res.

 Sexeducat
iont
opr
epar
ati
onf
ormar
ri
agewasdonet
opr
epar
ethey
oungonesf
or
mar
ri
age.

 I
nsomesoci
eti
es,
ini
ti
ateni
ght
swer
eanecessi
tybef
oremar
ri
agesuchasv
isi
ti
ngt
he
bush,
cir
cumci
sionamongt
heBagi
shui
nEast
ernUganda.

Adv
ant
agesofCust
omar
yMar
ri
age

 I
tispol
ygamousi
nnat
ure.Thati
stosay
,ital
l
ows/
giv
esr
oom f
oronet
omar
rymor
e
t
hanonewi
fe.

 I
tinv
olv
espay
ingbr
idepr
iceandt
husbr
idepr
icebenef
it
sthef
ami
l
yandt
her
elat
ives
oft
hebr
idewhent
heyar
egi
vent
hingsl
i
kecows,goat
sInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
andmanyot
her
s

 Casesofdi
vor
ceofr
aref
orf
earofpay
ingbackt
hebr
idepr
ice.

 Cust
omar
ymar
ri
agei
sgoodbecausei
tisbl
essedbypar
ent
s.Thati
stosay
,mot
her
`
andf
ather
sbl
esst
hei
rchi
l
drent
ohav
east
abl
eandl
ast
ingmar
ri
age.

 Ther
eismut
ual
under
standi
ngbet
weencoupl
esbecauset
heyar
gue.

 Cust
omar
ymar
ri
ageal
l
owspar
ent
stogeti
nvol
vedi
nthechoi
ceofmar
ri
agepar
tner
f
ort
hei
rsonsanddaught
erssi
ncepar
ent
sofGod’
srepr
esent
ati
ve.Thati
stosay
,they
hav
eexper
iencehencel
eadi
ngt
omar
ri
agest
abi
l
ity
.

 Thecoupl
esnor
mal
l
ygethel
pfr
om f
ami
l
iest
oaccompl
i
shmar
ri
ageandcer
emoni
al
r
equi
rement
sandev
ent
hewhol
ecommuni
tyatt
imespar
ti
cipat
esi
nshar
ingv
iewsand
cont
ri
but
ion.

 Thi
ski
ndofmar
ri
agei
sfl
exi
ble. I
tcanbeamonogamousone;candi
vor
ceunder
ser
iousci
rcumst
ancesornott
odi
vor
ce.

 I
tpr
omot
esdi
sci
pli
nei
nthecommuni
tyespeci
all
yamonggi
rl
stheyar
esupposedt
o
mar
rywhent
heyar
est
il
lvi
rgi
n.Thati
stosay
,vi
rgi
nsbei
nggi
venal
otofbr
idepr
ice.

 Sexeducat
ion,counsel
i
ngandgui
dancear
egi
venoutt
othecoupl
es;i
thel
pst
het
wo
t
oest
abl
i
shast
abl
emar
ri
age.

 Cust
omar
ymar
ri
agei
sconv
eni
entandnott
ir
esomebecausei
thasf
ew condi
ti
ons
at
tendance.

 I
tpr
eser
vescul
tur
albel
i
efsf
orexampl
ethedayofweddi
ng,
agi
rlwassupposedt
obe
t
akenwhi
l
ecr
yingamongt
heBat
oor
obecauseofmi
ssi
ngf
ami
l
ymember
s.

Di
sadv
ant
ages

 I
tist
radi
ti
onali
nnat
ureandt
her
efor
eagai
nstt
hebi
bleandabov
eal
lencour
ages
pol
ygamywhi
chi
scondemnedi
nthebi
bleandChr
ist
iani
ty(
Gen1&2)

 I
tinv
olv
esal
otofr
it
ualwhi
chi
sagai
nstChr
ist
iani
ty.Forexampl
esacr
if
ici
ngt
opl
ease
gods,
wit
chcr
aft
sbet
weenwi
vesandmanyot
her
s

 I
tisexpensi
veespeci
all
ywheni
tcomest
opay
ingt
hebr
idepr
ice. Theseday
siti
snot
onl
yexchangi
nggi
ft
sbutapr
icet
opay
.

 I
tisal
sobadwheni
tal
l
owsdi
vor
ceespeci
all
ywhent
hewi
fei
sbar
reny
ett
hebi
ble
emphasi
zesper
manencyi
nmar
ri
age.

 Mi
sunder
standi
ng and conf
li
cts among t
he newl
ymar
ri
ed coupl
es i
n cust
omar
y
mar
ri
agei
scommonl
yduet
opay
ingofhi
ghbr
idepr
icewhi
cht
hepar
ent
soft
hegr
oom
`
seeasexpl
oit
ingt
hem.

 Thi
sty
peofmar
ri
agedeni
est
heboyont
hegi
rlachancet
ochoosehi
sorherown
par
tnerbecausesel
ect
ingi
sdonebypar
ent
s.

 Absenceofmut
ual
lov
esi
ncepeopl
ear
eint
erest
edi
not
hert
hingsnotl
oves.

 Thi
sfor
m ofmar
ri
agedeni
est
hepoorachancet
omar
rybecauset
heycannotaf
for
dto
paypr
iceandmanyy
ounggi
rl
sendupr
unni
ngaway
.

 Ther
eist
oomuchi
nter
fer
encef
rom t
hepar
ent
sbecauset
heywer
eact
ual
l
yinv
olv
edi
n
t
hesel
ect
ionandpay
ingofbr
idepr
ice.

 Cust
omar
ymar
ri
agei
sagai
nstami
xedmar
ri
ageonl
ypeopl
eoft
hesamecl
anf
iti
nthe
cust
omar
ymar
ri
ag

CHURCHMARRI
AGE

Thi
sfor
m ofmar
ri
aget
akespl
acei
naChr
ist
ianwayandi
tisi
l
legalandr
espect
ed
mar
ri
age. I
tis car
ri
ed outby r
eli
gious l
eader
s,past
ors,pr
iest
s and i
nvol
ves
exchangi
ngofv
owsandi
nanend,mar
ri
agecer
ti
fi
cat
eisi
ssuedandpar
tner
sar
e
pr
onouncedashusbandandwi
fe.

Char
act
eri
sti
csofChur
chMar
ri
age

 I
ttakespl
acei
nchur
choranyot
heror
gani
zedpl
aceorwor
shi
p.

 Chur
chmar
ri
agei
spr
esi
dedov
erbyr
eli
giousl
eader
s,bi
shops,
past
orsandpr
iest
s.

 Ther
eisexchangeofv
owseachpar
tner
sismadet
opr
onouncet
oremai
nfai
thf
ul
underanyci
rcumst
ances.
`
 I
tis based on per
manence i
n ot
herwor
ds di
vor
ce i
s notal
l
owed i
n mar
ri
age
ar
rangement
.

 Monogamyi
sthei
dlet
ypeofmar
ri
ager
ecogni
zed.

 I
tisnotdonepast5:
00pm becauseonecoul
dtakesomeonewhoi
snott
heone.

 Chr
ist
iansar
ewi
tnessesoft
hemar
ri
age.Thati
sto say
,thi
smar
ri
agei
shi
ghl
y
publ
i
cized.

 Mar
ri
agecer
ti
fi
cat
esar
eissuedouti
nthi
sty
peofmar
ri
age. Thi
sact
sasev
idence
t
hatt
het
woar
elegal
husbandandwi
fe.

 I
nchur
chmar
ri
ageGod’
sbl
essi
ngsar
ecov
eredt
hust
hroughpast
orsorpr
iest
s.

 Ther
eisexchangeofweddi
ngr
ingsbypar
tner
sandt
hisactasphy
sical
commi
tment
.

 Fai
thf
ulnessbet
weent
hecoupl
esi
shi
ghl
yemphasi
zed.

 I
ntheCat
hol
i
cChur
ch,
separ
ati
oni
sal
l
owedbutf
oll
owedbyr
econci
l
iat
ion.

Adv
ant
agesofChur
chMar
ri
age

 I
tisr
ecogni
zedi
nthebi
blebyGodt
hat
’swhyi
tispr
esi
dedov
erbyr
eli
giousl
eader
s
andbl
essedbyGodsi
ncemar
ri
agei
sconsi
der
edt
obeagi
ftf
rom God. (
Gen1&2)

 I
tismonogamousi
nnat
urewi
thanumberofadv
ant
agesl
i
kel
oveandsexsat
isf
act
ion.

 Thi
sty
peofmar
ri
agel
astl
ongert
hananyot
herf
orm ofmar
ri
age. Thi
sisbecause
pr
obl
emsi
nthi
smar
ri
agear
esol
vedbyt
hecoupl
esandr
eli
giousl
eader
s.

 Ther
eismut
uall
oveandunder
standi
ngi
nChr
ist
ianmar
ri
agebecauset
her
eisf
ree
choi
ceofmar
ri
agepar
tner
sandt
her
eisnoi
nter
fer
enceei
therbypar
ent
soranyot
her
r
elat
ives.

 I
tbr
ingspeopl
etoget
her
.Thati
stosay
,st
rengt
heni
nguni
tybecauser
elat
ivesonbot
h
si
descomet
oget
heront
heweddi
ngdayt
owi
tnessuni
onoft
hei
rchi
l
dren.

 Chi
l
drenbor
nint
hismar
ri
agear
ebr
oughtupi
naChr
ist
ianenv
ironmentt
her
efor
ethey
knowandf
earGod.Theyar
ebel
i
evedt
obemor
all
yupr
ightbecauset
heyar
egui
dedby
ot
herpar
ent
s.

 Chur
chmar
ri
agei
sver
ymor
eof
fi
cialwhent
hev
owsar
emade. Thenamesar
emade
knownt
othepubl
i
candcer
ti
fi
cat
esi
ssuedi
nthepubl
i
c.
`
 I
nthi
smar
ri
age,di
vor
cesepar
ati
oni
shi
ghl
ycondemnedwhat
evercondi
ti
onmaybe,
t
her
eisaper
manencyi
nthi
sfor
m ofmar
ri
age.

 Ther
eisequal
i
tyi
nchur
chmar
ri
agebet
weent
hehusbandandwi
fe. Ther
eisno
super
ior
/inf
eri
orsi
nce God cr
eat
ed t
hem and can easi
l
yassess new j
obs and
pr
omot
ionsatwor
kpl
ace.

 I
nchur
chmar
ri
agepeopl
eenj
oyot
hersacr
ament
sli
keHol
yCommuni
on,bei
nggood
par
ent
s,headi
ngchur
chcl
ubsl
i
kemot
her
s’uni
onandf
ather
s’uni
on.

Di
sadv
ant
ages

 Reasonswhypeopl
e’
sresponset
ochur
chmar
ri
agei
snotgoodbecausemostpeopl
e
f
eart
ocommi
tthemsel
vesbef
oret
heyar
esur
eoft
hei
rpar
tner
s’l
ove,compat
ibi
l
ity
andf
ert
il
it
yther
efor
etheyenduppost
poni
ngchur
chmar
ri
age.

 Peopl
efearexpensesi
nvol
vedi
nchur
chmar
ri
agel
i
ke.Chur
chf
ee,
recept
ion,
gownand
uni
tshowev
eral
ltheseexpensesar
enotnecessar
yint
hechur
ch.

 Somepeopl
efearbr
idepr
iceandchooset
odr
opout
. I
tisbel
i
evedwhenonest
ays
wi
thone’
sdaught
erf
oral
ongt
ime,
themanr
efusest
omar
ryt
hei
rgi
rl
.

 Whencoupl
escomef
rom di
ff
erentr
eli
giousbackgr
ound,i
tbecomesv
erydi
ff
icul
tto
or
gani
zechur
chmar
ri
agebecausei
tisdi
ff
icul
ttogetper
missi
onf
rom par
ent
sand
chur
chl
eader
sespeci
all
ymar
ri
agebet
weenaChr
ist
ianandaMosl
em.

 I
tisr
iskybecausei
tdoesnotal
l
owdi
vor
cei
ncaseofanypr
obl
em butonei
sti
edt
o
someonehe/
shedoesnotl
ovebecausei
temphasi
zesper
manency
.

 Ot
her
sregar
dtr
adi
ti
onalmar
ri
ageasessent
ialandr
egar
dChr
ist
ianmar
ri
ageasa
showof
f.

 Chur
chmar
ri
agei
sagai
nstcul
tur
esandsomenor
msofsomesoci
eti
es. I
tdoesnot
al
l
owpol
ygamyunderanyci
rcumst
ancesy
etpol
ygamyhel
pinanumberofpr
obl
ems
l
i
kebar
renness,
produci
ngchi
l
drenoft
hesamesexandmanyot
her
s

 I
tist
imeconsumi
ngsi
ncei
tinv
olv
esmanyact
ivi
ti
esf
ort
hecer
emoni
esoroccasi
ons
t
obecol
our
ful
.

 I
tinv
olv
escompl
i
cat
edsi
tuat
ionsl
i
kebei
ngbapt
ized,
conf
ir
medandannounci
ngoft
he
coupl
est
hreet
imesi
nthechur
chbef
oret
her
eal
dayofweddi
ng.
`
 Somepeopl
ear
eshybef
oret
hepubl
i
candt
husmakei
thar
dtogof
orchur
chmar
ri
age.

WHATTHECHURCHSHOULDDOTOENCOURAGECHURCHMARRI
AGE

 Thechur
chshoul
dadv
iset
hatexpensi
vecl
othes,shoes,phot
osar
enotessent
iali
n
chur
chmar
ri
agebutr
athercust
omar
ymar
ri
agest
her
efor
echur
chmar
ri
ageshoul
dbe
af
fect
ed.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dbet
aughtt
hati
tist
hei
rri
ghtt
ogetGod’
sbl
essest
her
efor
echur
ch
shoul
dencour
ageChr
ist
ianst
ogof
orGod’
sbl
essesi
nchur
chmar
ri
age.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dbemot
ivat
edt
ounder
takechur
chmar
ri
aget
hroughav
oidi
ngf
ree
sacr
ament
sandt
hechur
chshoul
dresi
stt
hecoupl
esi
nit
ial
l
y.

 Shoul
dencour
agepeopl
etowor
khar
dtopl
easeGodandgai
nal
i
ving.

 Chr
ist
ians shoul
d acceptt
he t
eachi
ng oft
he chur
ch aboutmar
ri
age such as
monogamy
.

 Thechur
chshoul
dencour
agemassweddi
ngt
oenabl
efi
nanci
all
yincapabl
eChr
ist
ians
l
i
vingi
nchur
ch.

 Chr
ist
ians shoul
d be sat
isf
ied on t
he i
mpor
tance ofchur
ch mar
ri
age such as
f
ait
hful
nessandst
abi
l
ity
.

 Par
ent
s shoul
d demand l
ess nott
o costt
hei
rdaught
ers when i
t’
s a cust
omar
y
mar
ri
age.

 Thechur
chshoul
dsetuppr
oject
ssot
hatpeopl
ear
eempl
oyedt
ogetmoney
.

CI
VILMARRI
AGE

Thi
smar
ri
agei
susual
l
ycar
ri
edoutbyanymemberaut
hor
izedbyt
hest
ate.I
tmi
ghtbe
ami
nist
er,
dist
ri
ctmagi
str
ate,
chi
efadmi
nist
rat
iveof
fi
cerorr
esi
dentdi
str
ictof
fi
cer
.

Att
imesi
t’
sref
err
edt
oascont
ractmar
ri
age.

Manypeopl
eincl
udi
ngChr
ist
iansar
epr
efer
ri
ngt
hisf
orm ofmar
ri
agebecauseoft
he
f
oll
owi
ngadv
ant
agesi
thas;
`

Char
act
eri
sti
csofci
vi
lmar
ri
age

 Ci
vi
lmar
ri
agei
spr
ovi
dedov
erbyt
hegov
ernmentof
fi
cial
s. I
nUgandai
tcoul
dbet
he
Chi
efAdmi
nist
rat
iveOf
fi
cer(
CAO)
.

 Agov
ernmentr
epr
esent
ati
veannouncest
hei
ntent
ionofamar
ri
agebydi
spl
ayi
ngi
ton
t
hepubl
i
cnot
iceboar
dforagi
venper
iodoft
ime.

 Thecoupl
emusthav
eper
missi
onandi
ntr
oduct
ionl
ett
ersf
rom t
hei
rpar
ent
sandt
he
l
ocal
counci
ll
eader
.

 Ther
eisi
ssui
ngofmar
ri
agecer
ti
fi
cat
est
oshowt
hatt
hecoupl
eisl
egalhusbandand
wi
fe.

 Di
vor
cei
sal
l
owedbuti
nrar
ecasesmonogamyi
sthei
deal
typeofmar
ri
ager
ecogni
zed
andaccept
ed.

 Thecoupl
eisexpect
edt
oregi
steri
nthedi
ff
erentgov
ernmentdepar
tment
susi
ngt
he
cer
ti
fi
cat
egi
ven.

 Af
ewwi
tnessesar
eneededbasi
cal
l
ythosesocl
oset
othecost
lyandel
i
minat
est
ime
wast
age.

 Ther
eli
gionsoft
hepar
tner
sin caset
heyar
edi
ff
erenti
sn’
tan i
mpor
tanti
ssue.
Peopl
efr
om di
ff
erentr
eli
gioussect
scanbewed.

 I
tmaybeaper
manentr
elat
ionshi
porat
empor
aryagr
eementoft
woy
ear
scont
ract
.

 Thet
wopar
tner
shav
egott
ohav
ereachedanagr
eementwi
thouti
nfl
uencef
rom ot
her
member
s.

 Thepar
tner
sar
esupposedt
obe18y
ear
sandabov
east
heconst
it
uti
onofUganda
demandsonet
obecal
l
edmat
ure.

 Thegov
ernmentof
fi
cialpr
esi
dingov
ert
hist
ypeofmar
ri
agemustmakesur
ethatt
he
par
tner
sar
en’
tcl
oser
elat
ives.Thati
stosay
,samecl
anmember
s.

Adv
ant
ages

 I
tischeapbecausei
tinv
olv
esf
ewexpenseswher
ebyi
nmostcasest
hecoupl
esuse
or
dinar
ycl
othesbecausei
tispr
ivat
e.
`
 Ther
eisl
i
mit
edi
nter
fer
enceofpar
ent
sandr
elat
ivest
her
efor
eiti
sconv
eni
entf
or
par
ent
swhosepar
ent
sar
ever
yst
ri
ct.

 I
tal
l
owsadj
ust
ment
sast
hecoupl
escaneasi
l
ybr
eakorsepar
atei
fthi
ngsf
ailt
owor
k
outpr
oper
lybecausei
tisi
nmostcasesar
rangedont
hecont
ractbasi
s.

 I
tcat
ersf
orr
eli
giousdi
ff
erenceswhi
chmayf
ailchur
chmar
ri
agebecausepar
tner
sof
di
ff
erentr
eli
gioussect
orsar
eal
l
owedt
omar
ryeachot
her
.

 I
tisconv
eni
entf
orsecur
it
yreasonsespeci
all
ywhenamani
mpr
egnat
esaschoolgi
rl
;
hecandeci
det
owedhersoast
oov
er-comet
heconsequencesl
i
kei
mpr
isonment
.

 I
tist
imesav
ingespeci
all
ytot
hosewhoar
einhur
rysot
hatt
heycancont
inuewi
th
ot
herpr
ogr
ams.Forexampl
eenr
oll
i
ngf
orf
urt
herst
udi
es.

Di
sadv
ant
ages

 I
tisasi
nbecausemar
ri
edpar
tner
sar
efor
cedt
ohav
esexual
int
ercour
sey
etaccor
ding
t
oChr
ist
iant
eachi
ngi
tisf
orni
cat
ionwhi
chi
scondemned.

 I
tisnotr
ecogni
zedbyt
hechur
chandt
her
efor
eit
’sagai
nstChr
ist
iant
eachi
ngwhi
ch
st
ressesChr
ist
ianmar
ri
age.

 I
tencour
agesdi
vor
ceandsepar
ati
onsi
ncei
tisar
rangedonacont
ractbasi
sfor
Chr
ist
iani
tycondemnsdi
vor
ceandcal
l
sforper
manenceandcompani
onshi
p.

 I
tencour
agespol
ygamyasi
tper
mit
smant
omar
rymor
ethanonewi
fey
etChr
ist
iani
ty
cal
l
sformonogamysi
nceGodcr
eat
edonewomanf
oroneman.

 I
tencour
agesi
nter
mar
ri
ageswhi
chwasunaccept
abl
efr
om Af
ri
canpoi
ntofv
iewsi
nce
i
tor
der
stheAf
ri
cancul
tur
e.

 I
tdi
scour
agest
hepay
mentofbr
idepr
icey
ett
hebi
blesuppor
tspay
mentofbr
ide
weal
thasat
okenofappr
eci
ati
on.Forexampl
eint
hebi
bleJacobwor
kedf
or7y
ear
sto
begi
vent
hewi
feRachael
.

 I
tleadst
oir
rel
i
giouswheni
tal
l
owspar
tner
sbel
ongi
ngt
odi
ff
erentr
eli
gionst
omar
ry
hencebi
blecal
l
sformar
ri
age,asi
tisbasedont
heChr
ist
ianpr
inci
plet
eachi
ngssuch
asl
ove,
endur
ance,
pat
ience,
respectandmanyot
her
s

 I
tleadst
osi
ngl
epar
ent
hoodespeci
all
yaf
tert
hef
ormat
ionofcont
rolpi
l
lsy
ett
hebi
ble
`
cal
l
suponmar
ri
edpeopl
etobr
ingupt
hei
rchi
l
drenwi
thpar
ent
all
oveandcar
e.

 I
tunder
minest
hepar
ent
soft
heper
sonwher
ethecoupl
esgoi
nformar
ri
agewi
thout
consul
ti
ngt
hepar
ent
syetf
orexampl
e,ar
eGod’
srepr
esent
ati
vesonear
th.

 I
tleadst
opr
oduct
ionofbust
ardst
hatar
eil
l
egal
.Thebi
bleemphasi
zest
hepr
oduct
ion
ofchi
l
dreni
nChr
ist
ianmar
ri
ageasi
tist
hemaj
orpur
poseofmar
ri
age.

 I
tgi
vest
hepar
tnerachancet
ost
udyandunder
standeachot
her
’sbehav
iour
sbef
ore
t
heycommi
tthemsel
vesent
ir
elyf
ort
heper
manentmar
ri
age.

 I
tal
l
owspol
ygamyi
nthatt
hemani
sal
l
owedt
omar
ryasmanywi
vesashecansust
ain
wi
thoutanyl
i
mit
ati
on.

TRI
ALMARRI
AGE

Thi
sisaf
orm ofmar
ri
agewher
etwopar
tner
sli
vet
oget
herashusbandandwi
febut
l
egal
l
yforagi
venper
iodoft
ime. I
t’
ssomet
imesr
efer
redt
oascohabi
tat
ionor
el
opement
.

Adv
ant
ages

 I
tgi
vest
imef
orpar
tner
stol
ear
neachot
her
’sbehav
iorbef
orecommi
tt
ingt
hemsel
ves
ent
ir
elyf
orper
manentmar
ri
age.

 I
tisf
reeofpr
omi
seswhi
char
eexchangedandi
tcanbet
ermi
nat
edatanyt
imet
he
par
tner
smaywi
sh.

 Par
tner
sar
efeet
omar
ryasmanywi
vesast
heywanthenceenj
oyi
ngbet
terser
vices
si
ncei
tisnotr
est
ri
ctedt
oonewi
fe.

 I
nmostcases,wi
vesar
esubmi
ssi
vet
othei
rhusbandssi
ncet
heywantt
owi
nfav
our
andagoodwi
l
lfr
om t
hei
rhusbandst
olegal
i
zemar
ri
age.

 I
tgi
vespar
tner
senought
imet
ocompl
etet
hei
rot
herpr
ogr
amsespeci
all
yeducat
ion
whi
chcanbeaf
for
dedaf
terl
egal
i
zingmar
ri
age.

 Topar
tner
s,t
heyar
econv
incedatst
icki
ngt
oonesexualpar
tneri
sbet
tert
hanhav
ing
manysex
ualpar
tner
sandsuchpar
tner
sar
esur
ethatt
ri
almar
ri
agehel
pst
hem t
o
mi
nimi
zesexmi
suse.
`
 I
tgi
vespar
tner
sti
met
oset
tl
ethei
rrel
i
giousdi
ff
erencesanddeci
deov
ert
her
eli
gious
f
ait
hinwhi
cht
heyshoul
dlegal
i
zet
hei
rmar
ri
age.

 I
tgi
vespar
tner
sti
met
owi
nappr
oveofpar
ent
sespeci
all
ywhenpar
ent
srej
ectone’
s
par
tneratt
hef
ir
stsi
ght
.

Di
sadv
ant
ages

 I
tunder
minest
hewhol
einst
it
uti
onofmar
ri
agesi
ncet
hepar
tner
sabuset
hepur
pose
ofmar
ri
agewhi
chi
sformut
ual
lov
eandcomf
ort
.

 I
tisasi
gnofl
ackofcommi
tmentandser
iousnessbyt
hepar
tner
sast
hemar
it
al
obl
i
gat
ionsasmostpar
tner
sfearf
ull
mar
it
alr
esponsi
bil
i
ties.

 Si
ncei
tisat
ryi
ngmomentanysl
i
ghtmi
stakecanst
opt
hemar
ri
aget
ogoony
ett
he
par
tner
sespeci
all
ythewomenmayf
ailt
ogetmar
ri
edorel
sehencebecomi
nga
pr
ost
it
ute,
concubi
ne,
singl
emot
herandmanyot
her
s

 I
ncaset
hemar
ri
agef
ail
stot
akepl
ace,
thewomenwi
l
lendupasecondhandmat
eri
al
becomi
ngl
essact
iveandt
her
efor
edi
ff
icul
ttogetanot
herhusband.

 Ther
eisapr
oduct
ionofbust
ards.Thati
stosay
,il
l
egalchi
l
dreny
ett
hebi
blecal
l
sfor
pr
oduct
ionofchi
l
dreni
nChr
ist
ianmar
ri
age.

 I
tisasi
nbecausei
tinv
olv
espr
e-mar
it
alsexwhi
chi
scondemnedi
nthebi
ble.

 I
tischar
act
eri
zedofpr
etensesi
ncesomepar
tner
spr
etendt
obegoodandhi
det
hei
r
t
ruechar
act
erwhi
cht
heyonl
yrev
eal
aft
ermar
ri
agewhi
chi
sil
l
egal
.

 I
ncasechi
l
drenar
ebor
nandt
hemar
ri
agei
ster
minat
edsuchchi
l
drengr
owupl
acki
ng
f
ull
par
ent
all
oveandcar
esi
ncet
hepar
ent
swi
l
lbesepar
ated.

 I
tleadst
o cont
radi
cti
onofSTDsespeci
all
ywhenonepar
tneri
str
yingoutmor
e
par
tner
stochooset
hemostsui
tabl
eone.

TYPESOFMARRI
AGE
`
Ther
ear
efi
vet
ypesofmar
ri
agesandt
hesei
ncl
ude;

1.Monogamy

Thi
sisat
ypeofmar
ri
agei
nwhi
cht
hemancommi
tshi
msel
finamar
it
alr
elat
ionshi
p
wi
thonl
yonewoman. Thi
siscommonamongChr
ist
iansandt
hoset
hathav
ebeen
i
nfl
uencedmuchbyWest
erncul
tur
e.

2.Pol
ygamy

I
tisat
ypeofmar
ri
agei
nwhi
cht
hemanent
ersi
ntomar
ri
agear
rangementwi
thmor
e
t
hanonewoman. Pol
ygamyi
soft
woki
ndst
hati
s;

(
a)Co-
cur
rentpol
ygamy
. Thi
siswher
ethemanmar
ri
esmor
ethanonewomanandst
ays
wi
thal
loft
hem al
thought
heymaynotbest
ayi
ngi
nthesamehouseorl
ocat
ion.

(
b)Successi
vepol
ygamy
. I
nthi
ski
ndofmar
ri
agear
rangement
,themanpi
cksonan
ext
rawi
feaf
tersepar
ati
ngwi
tht
hef
ir
stoneal
thoughshemayaswel
lremai
nashi
s
wi
feespeci
all
yifshehadpr
oduced.

3.Pol
yandr
y

Thi
sisaki
ndofmar
ri
agei
nwhi
cht
hewomannow hasmul
ti
plemar
ri
agepar
tner
s.
Shemaybemar
ri
edt
omor
ethant
wohusbandsatt
hesamet
omeorshemi
ghtbea
wi
feofsomebr
other
sfr
om andi
nthesamehome. Thi
siscommoni
nIndi
a,Paki
stan
andI
ndonesi
a.

4.Gaymar
ri
age

Thi
sist
het
ypeofmar
ri
agest
aini
ngf
rom ahomosexualr
elat
ionshi
pinwhi
cht
women
exchangemar
it
alv
owswi
theachot
heri
nthepr
esenceoft
hegov
ernment
. Thi
s
mar
ri
agehasbeendecl
aredl
egali
ncount
ri
esl
i
keDenmar
kandNet
her
lands,Nor
th
Amer
icaandAust
ral
i
a. Al
thought
hel
astt
wohav
enotl
egal
i
zedi
t.

I
nAf
ri
ca,gaymar
ri
agei
ssi
tedouti
ncount
ri
esl
i
keMal
awi
,Mozambi
queandSout
h
Af
ri
caduet
olar
genumber
sofwhi
test
her
e.

5.Lesbi
ani
sm mar
ri
age

Thi
sissi
mil
art
ogaymar
ri
ageonl
ythatt
hist
imer
oundi
tist
wowomenwhof
all
inl
ove
`
wi
theachot
herandexchangemar
ri
agev
owsi
nthepr
esenceofal
awy
er,chur
ch
mi
nist
erort
her
epr
esent
ati
veoft
hegov
ernment
. Suchmar
ri
agesar
ecommoni
n
Eur
ope,Aust
ri
a,New Zeal
andandAmer
ica. I
nAf
ri
ca,i
tisnot
edi
nBot
swanaand
Sout
hAf
ri
ca.

6.Lev
irat
icmar
ri
age

Thi
sisat
ypeofmar
ri
ager
elat
edt
opol
ygamywher
ethemant
akesont
het
askof
i
nher
it
inghi
sbr
other
’swi
dowandbr
ingi
ngupaf
ami
l
yonhi
sbehal
f. Butt
hechi
l
dren
gott
odonotbel
ongt
othemanbuthi
slat
ebr
other
.

7.Zoomar
ri
age

I
nthi
sty
peofmar
ri
age,
aper
sonent
ersi
ntomar
ri
ager
elat
ionshi
pwi
thanani
malsuch
asadogandchi
mpanzeewhi
chhe/
sher
eli
esonf
orsexualf
ulf
il
lment
.Iti
scommon
i
nthewest
ernwor
ldl
i
keUSAandBr
it
ain.

ADVANTAGESOFMONOGAMY

 Thi
sty
peofmar
ri
agei
susual
l
ybui
l
tupont
hef
oundat
ionoft
ruel
ove. Ther
efor
ethe
womanandt
hehusbandwi
l
lfeell
ovedbyeachot
her
. Thi
scanbeseeni
nthegood
r
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenJanetMusev
eniandherhusbandwhoal
way
str
avelt
oget
heron
speci
alf
unct
ionsi
nthecount
ryl
i
keI
ndependenceDay
.

 Ther
eisav
erybi
gpossi
bil
i
tyofat
tai
ningsexualsat
isf
act
ionbecauset
hewoman
dependsononemanf
ormeet
ingherbodi
l
ydesi
resandv
icev
ersa. Thi
sisi
nli
newi
th
Paul
’
steachi
ngi
nhi
sfi
rstl
ett
ert
otheCor
int
hians7:
6)

 Monogamousmar
ri
agesar
eli
kel
ytof
acel
i
ttl
efi
nanci
alst
rai
npr
obl
emst
othef
ami
l
y
andt
hecoupl
ecanbei
nposi
ti
ont
otaket
hei
rchi
l
dreni
nfi
rstcl
assschool
sli
ke
AgakhanPr
imar
yandsecondar
y,Ki
subiSt
.Mar
y’s,i
nter
nat
ionalschool
sli
keRai
nbow,
Gal
axy
.

 Thi
sty
peofmar
ri
ageenabl
est
hecoupl
eto pr
ogr
essand acqui
reasset
swhi
ch
or
igi
nal
l
ythoughtt
obeexpensi
veorunat
tai
nabl
eforexampl
ecar
s,l
i
kepaj
ero.

 Ther
e ar
eli
mit
ed chances ofwomen pr
act
ici
ng wi
tchcr
aftt
o gett
he husband’
s
at
tent
ionorl
uckbecauseshehasnocompet
it
ionl
i
ket
hecasei
sinpol
ygamous
mar
ri
ages.

 Chi
l
drenbr
oughtupbysuchmar
ri
agear
esel
dom/
li
kel
ytohav
emor
epar
ent
alcar
eand
`
l
oveamongt
hemsel
vesbecauset
heybel
ongt
othesamemot
her
,samef
ather
. Ther
e
ar
ehar
dlyanycasesofchi
l
dbat
ter
ingl
i
ket
hei
nci
dentofEnockSsebanga,
Nabukeer
a
Ai
shawhowast
ort
uredbyt
hest
ep-
mot
her
s.

 Thi
sist
heonl
yty
peofmar
ri
aget
hati
ssuppor
tedbyt
hechur
chbecausei
tappear
sto
f
ulf
il
lGod’
spur
poseofmar
ri
age. Thehol
yfami
l
yint
hebi
bleofJosephandMar
ywas
bui
l
tonmonogamy
.

 Monogamyi
ssuppor
tedbymanywomenbecausei
tel
evat
est
hewoman’
sst
atus.That
i
stosay
,thehusbandl
ooksatherwi
thgr
eataf
fect
ionasapar
tnernotasexmachi
ne.

 Mar
it
alf
ait
hful
ness i
s mor
e exper
ienced i
n a monogamous ki
nd ofmar
ri
age.
Ther
efor
ecaseofadul
ter
ywhi
chl
eadt
oacqui
sit
ionofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seases
l
i
keHI
V/AI
DSar
eli
mit
ed.

DI
SADVANTAGESOFMONOGAMY

 Monogamymaybeal
i
ttl
efr
ust
rat
ingconsi
der
ingt
hatmanymenandwomenar
e
ext
remel
ybogusi
nbed. Thi
scanl
eadt
osexualbor
edom.Gi
rl
sfr
om pl
acesl
i
ke
Bugandaar
eexpect
edt
ohav
evi
sit
edt
hebushbef
oremar
ri
aget
ocr
eat
epl
easur
efor
t
hemenbutsomet
imesdonotendupbor
ingt
hemen.

 Monogamymakeswomenbi
gheadedt
hatar
eunmanageabl
etowar
dst
hei
rhusbands
becauset
heyt
endt
othi
nkt
heyar
eequalt
othei
rhusbandsf
orexampl
eDoct
or
Speci
ozaKazi
bwef
ormerv
icepr
esi
dentofUgandademandeddi
vor
cef
rom herl
ate
husbandKazi
bwebecausehesl
appedhert
hreet
imes.

 I
ntheev
entofbar
rennessoft
hewoman,
themanr
isksdy
ingchi
l
dless. Butt
hiswas
notaccept
abl
einAf
ri
cansoci
eti
esl
i
keamongt
heSot
hoofSout
hAf
ri
caandsowoul
d
adv
iset
hemant
olookf
oranot
herwoman.

 Ther
eisahi
ghchanceofpr
oduci
ngchi
l
drenofonl
yonesexmor
eov
eronl
ygi
rl
s
wher
easanhei
rInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyshoul
dbeaman.Forexampl
epr
ofessor
Apol
l
oNsi
bambi
hasf
ourchi
l
drenal
lofwhi
char
egi
rl
s.

 Ther
ear
epr
obl
emsofr
aisi
ngadequat
emanpoweri
nthi
sty
peofmar
ri
agebasi
ngon
t
hesmal
l
nessoft
hef
ami
l
ysi
ze. Thi
smayr
esul
tint
ofoodshor
tages. Thi
siswhy
t
hemenofAsant
einGhanawer
eencour
agedt
oti
l
lthegar
den.

 I
ntheev
entofsi
cknessoft
hewoman,
themani
sfor
cedt
odoal
lthehouse-
hol
dcor
es
`
i
ncl
udi
ngcooki
ngandwashi
ngespeci
all
yift
heyhav
enoty
etachi
l
dori
sst
il
lver
y
y
oung. Thi
siswhyi
nBugandaboy
swer
etaughthowt
opeel
bananas.

 I
nmanysoci
eti
eswomenar
emar
ri
edt
ocr
eat
epr
est
igef
ort
heman. Howev
erwi
th
monogamyi
tbecomesi
mpossi
ble. Thi
siswhyi
nBusogat
her
ealmani
shewhohas
manywi
ves.

 Monogamymakesi
timpossi
blef
ormanywoment
ogetachanceofmar
ri
age. I
tis
geogr
aphi
cal
l
yknownt
hatt
henumberofwomeni
sbi
ggert
hant
hatoneofmenand
t
hesexr
ati
oofwoment
omeni
sabout4:
1impl
yi
ngmanshoul
dhav
emor
ethanone
woman.

 Monogamyi
sdi
sli
kedbysomepeopl
ebecausei
tisconsi
der
edunAf
ri
can.Thati
sto
say
,br
oughtbywest
erner
swhowantt
oreduceourpopul
ati
on. Soamongt
heAchol
i
t
hei
deal
mar
ri
agef
rom t
imei
mmemor
ial
isassoci
atedwi
thpol
ygamynotmonogamy
.

POLYGAMY

Thi
sisat
ypeofmar
ri
agei
nwhi
chamanent
ersi
ntomar
ri
agear
rangementwi
thmor
e
t
hanonewoman.

ADVANTAGESORWHYPOLYGAMYI
SPREFERRED

 Pol
ygamyi
spr
efer
redbymanypeopl
ebecausei
tisabasi
sbywhi
chpr
est
igeand
soci
alst
atusar
einmanysoci
eti
es. Fori
nst
anceamongt
heYor
ubapeopl
eofNi
ger
ia,
amanwi
thmanywi
vesi
sgi
venpl
ent
yofr
espectandi
sconsi
der
edt
o bev
ery
successf
ul.

 Pol
ygamyboast
sone’
slabourr
eser
ve.Themor
eyoumar
ryt
hehi
gherchancesof
hav
ingadequat
ewor
ker
s. Fori
nst
anceamongt
heKi
kuy
uofKeny
a,mar
ryi
ngmany
wi
vesmeantassur
anceoff
oodsuppl
y.

 I
tissuppor
tedbymanypeopl
ebecausei
tgi
veschancef
ort
hemanywoment
obe
mar
ri
edbecausei
tisknownt
hatt
henumberofwomeni
sgr
eat
ert
hant
hatofmen.
Thi
sishi
ghl
ysuppor
tedi
nBuganda.

 I
tissuppor
tedbymanymenbecausei
tpr
ovi
desanoppor
tuni
tyf
ort
hemannott
odi
e
chi
l
dlessi
ntheev
entoff
ir
stmar
ryi
ngabar
renwoman. Amongt
heI
tesot
s,t
heman
wasal
way
sadv
isedt
otr
ypol
ygamyt
odoawaywi
thcur
seofdy
ingchi
l
dless.

 Pol
ygamyi
sli
kedbymenbecausei
tappear
stobeasol
uti
ont
osuchwomenwhoar
e
`
bi
gheaded. Thi
siswhatt
hemenofAchol
iusedt
odot
othei
rst
ubbor
nwi
vesr
ather
t
handi
vor
cingt
hem.

 Menadv
ocat
eforpol
ygamybecausei
timpr
ovest
hechancesofget
ti
ngchi
l
drenf
rom
di
ver
sesexandabi
l
ity
. Forexampl
e,al
lthef
ourchi
l
drenofpr
ofessor
Nsi
bambi
aregi
rl
sbuti
fhepi
ckedonanot
herwoman,
hecoul
dhav
egotsomeboy
s.

 Manypeopl
e become pol
ygamous because ofi
nher
it
ing a l
ate br
other
’s wi
dow.
Amongt
heBany
ankol
eforexampl
eiti
sanobl
i
gat
ionf
oray
oungbr
othert
oinher
itt
he
wi
dowoft
hel
atebr
other
.

 Pol
ygamyi
ssuppor
tedbymanymenbecausei
tcat
ersf
ort
hem i
ncaseofser
ious
si
ckness oft
he wi
fe.Forexampl
ein Buganda i
fthe woman was i
nfect
ed wi
th
el
ephant
iasi
s,t
hemanwoul
dber
equi
redt
opi
ckonanot
herwomant
ogi
vehi
m
company
.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyandsomepar
tsoft
hewor
ldt
oday
,pol
ygamyi
ssuppor
ted
f
orpol
i
tical
reasons. Aki
ngmayber
ewar
dedwi
thanext
rawi
feasasi
gnofl
oyal
tyt
o
hi
m.Forexampl
e,ki
ngMswat
iIIofSwazi
l
andhasov
ersi
xteen(
16)wi
ves.

 Peopl
ebecomepol
ygamoust
ofi
l
lthegapbet
weent
hewi
feandt
hehusbandcr
eat
ed
byempl
oymentawayf
rom home.Thati
stosay
,manymenst
ayi
ngi
nKampal
aand
ot
herbusyt
ownshav
egoneont
omar
ryot
herwomenal
ong-
sidet
hosei
nthev
il
lage.

 Menpr
act
icepol
ygamysast
ohav
emor
esexualsat
isf
act
ion. Somewomencannot
of
ferenoughsexual
appet
it
etot
heman.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etymost
ly,somemenbecomepol
ygamousbecauset
hey
wer
einf
luencedbyt
hei
rpar
ent
stot
akeonanot
herwomanal
ongsi
det
hef
ir
stone.
Thi
swascommoni
nBuganda.

WEAKNESSES/
DISADVANTAGESOFPOLYGAMY

 Ther
eisal
otofwast
efulcompet
it
ionar
isi
ngf
rom t
hewomen’
sdesi
ret
oat
tractt
hei
r
husbands’at
tent
ion.Thati
sto say
,women decor
atet
hemsel
ves i
nthei
rfaces,
t
att
ooi
ng,
pier
cingt
hei
rnoses,
tonguet
oimpr
esst
heman.

 Thi
sty
peofmar
ri
agei
sver
yexpensi
vegi
vent
hef
actt
hatt
heeconomi
cst
andar
dof
l
i
vingt
odayespeci
all
yint
ownar
easi
stoohi
gh.

 Pol
ygamousmar
ri
agescr
eat
ehi
ghsexualst
arv
ati
onont
hesi
deoft
hewoman. Thi
s
`
maybecausedbyt
hel
ongt
imeamanmayt
akev
isi
ti
ngot
herwoman.

 Manywomenwhof
eelbet
ray
edbyt
hissy
stem ofmar
ri
agemayoptt
ousewi
tchcr
aft
i
nor
dert
owi
ntheman’
ssi
de.

 I
nthi
ski
ndofmar
ri
aget
her
ear
ehi
gherchancesofcont
radi
cti
ngsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
ed
di
seases.Thi
scanbemai
nlyspr
eadbyt
hemanwhomov
esf
rom onewomant
o
anot
her
.

 Ther
ear
ehi
gherchancesofchi
l
drenbat
ter
ingeachot
herf
orsuccessi
onoft
hef
ather
.
Thi
sisso becausev
eryf
ew st
epmot
her
scangr
oom upchi
l
drenf
rom di
ff
erent
mot
her
s.Thi
sis why peopl
eli
ke Enock Ssebanga and Nabukeer
a Ai
sha wer
e
mi
str
eat
edbyt
hei
rst
epmot
her
s.

 ManyChr
ist
iansdi
sappr
ovepol
ygamyont
hebasi
sthati
tisunbi
bli
calandGod’
s
i
ntent
ionofmar
ri
agewasonemanonewi
feasnot
edi
nGenesi
s2:
28.

 Pol
ygamousmar
ri
agesar
edi
sli
kedbysomepeopl
ebecauseoft
hef
actt
hatt
hey
cr
eat
eaquar
rel
somesi
tuat
ionathomenotonl
ybet
weent
hef
atherandmot
herbut
al
sobet
weenco-
wif
ever
sesexi
sti
ngwi
feandchi
l
drenf
rom t
hedi
ff
erentmot
her
s.

 I
nthi
sty
peofmar
ri
aget
hewomenar
econsi
der
edt
obesub-
humanandt
hemani
sat
l
i
ber
tyoft
reat
ingt
hem t
hewayhewant
saf
teral
ltheyar
elookedatasasuddendeat
h.

 I
ntheev
entofasuddendeat
hcoupl
edwi
thamanwhomi
ghthav
ebeensopoorbut
pr
oducedmanychi
l
dren,t
her
ati
oofdependant
swi
l
lbesohi
ghl
eadi
ngt
oincr
eased
st
reetchi
l
drenl
i
ket
hosef
oundi
nKampal
a.

CAUSESOFGAYMARRI
AGE

 Thei
nfl
uenceofdr
ugshasmadesomemenl
oset
hei
rsenses. Thei
ntoxi
cdr
ugst
hey
t
akel
i
kecocai
neandher
oindi
sor
gani
zet
hei
rthi
nki
ngcapaci
tyandst
artl
ooki
ngat
menaswoment
omar
ry.

 Al
cohol
i
sm hasal
somademanymenunabl
etof
ulf
il
lthei
rsexualobl
i
gat
ionst
owar
ds
t
hei
rwi
vesi
nmar
ri
agesot
heydeci
det
oengagei
nsexualr
elat
ionswi
thf
ell
ow men
whomaynotgi
vet
hem hi
ghpr
essur
eforsexual
sat
isf
act
ion.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofwest
erncul
tur
ehasal
sol
edt
oincr
easedgaymar
ri
ages. Menwho
embr
acewest
erncul
tur
elooki
ngati
tasal
lbei
ngdev
elopmenthav
eendedupadopt
ing
gaymar
ri
agest
hinki
ngi
tisasi
gnofmoder
nit
y.
`
 Thei
ncr
easedl
ossofmor
alv
aluesi
nthesoci
ety
. Todaymanypeopl
e(men)hav
e
l
ostr
espectt
other
eli
giousv
aluespl
ust
heAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalv
alues.Ther
efor
ethey
t
hinki
tisokayt
omar
ryf
ell
owmenwhoev
erwi
shes.

 Theyar
ecausedbyt
hei
nfl
uenceofpeergr
oupmat
es.Somey
out
hhav
ebeeni
nspi
red
t
oadoptt
hiski
ndofmar
ri
agebecauset
hef
ri
endst
heymov
eoutwi
thar
eal
ready
i
nvol
vedi
ntheact
.

 Somet
imespeopl
ear
efor
cedi
ntoj
oini
nggaymar
ri
agesbecauset
heyar
epr
omi
sed
hugesumsofmoney
.Thi
siscommonwi
thschoolgoi
ngy
out
hwhomayneedschool
s
f
eessponsor
shi
psf
rom t
hewhi
tes.

 One’
spl
aceofr
esi
dencecaneasi
l
ycausehi
mtoj
oinhomosexual
i
ty(
gaymar
ri
age)
.
Onemayl
i
kei
nsl
um ar
easwher
epeopl
ethi
nkt
heyar
efr
eef
orsexualpl
easur
e.Thi
s
meanst
hatev
engaymar
ri
agescaneasi
l
ybepr
act
icedt
her
e.

 Abnor
malf
ear
soft
hement
owar
dst
heopposi
tesexal
socausedmor
ecasesofgay
mar
ri
ages. Menwhoengagei
nthi
ski
ndofmar
ri
agesomet
imesf
eart
otal
kto
womenoni
ssuesconcer
ningsexualaf
fai
rsbutt
heyf
indi
teasi
ert
odealwi
thf
ell
ow
men.

 Thei
mpactofper
missi
venessi
nthesoci
etyhaspar
tl
ybr
oughti
ntheout
breakofmor
e
gaymar
ri
ages. Atpr
esentoursoci
eti
esar
esoper
missi
vei
nthatt
heyhav
efr
eedom
andhi
gherchancesofseei
ngandusi
ngcondomsandot
herf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hods.
Thi
sgi
vescour
aget
osomement
opr
act
icesexwi
thf
ell
owmen.

 Somemenhav
edeci
dedt
omar
ryf
ell
owmensi
mpl
ybecauset
heywantt
ododget
hei
r
r
esponsi
bil
i
tyofpr
oduci
ngchi
l
drenandl
ooki
ngaf
tert
hef
ami
l
yatl
arge.

 Somemenpr
act
icegaymar
ri
agesbecauseofsoci
alal
i
enat
ionst
ress. Somemenar
e
sof
edupofwomenbecausei
nthef
ir
stpl
acet
heymar
ri
edwomenbutexper
ienced
t
ought
imeswi
tht
hem.Theyt
her
efor
edeci
det
oli
vewi
thf
ell
owmenaspar
tner
swho
mi
ghtnotbehi
ghl
ydemandi
ng.

 Gaymar
ri
agesar
esomet
imescausedbyaddi
cti
on. I
nmanycasest
hey
out
hwho
pr
act
icehomosexual
i
tyi
nhi
ghschoolbecomeaddi
ctedt
oitandendupi
nfut
ure
mar
ryi
ngf
ell
owmen.

DI
SADVANTAGESOFGAYMARRI
AGES
`
 I
tiscr
it
ici
zedbecausei
tcent
resont
heenj
oymentofsexal
onebutdoesnotpr
ovi
de
anybi
ologi
calmul
ti
pli
cat
ionofhumanbei
ng. Thi
smeanst
hati
tisagai
nstGod’
s
commandi
nGen1ofpr
ocr
eat
ion.

 I
tisal
soagai
nstGod’
scommand/
int
ent
ionnot
edi
nGen1and2wher
emar
ri
agewas
meantt
obepr
act
icedbet
weenmanandwoman.

 Thi
ski
ndofmar
ri
agei
shi
ghl
ycondemnedi
ncount
ri
esl
i
keUgandabecauset
he
const
it
uti
ondoesnotper
miti
t.Thati
stosay
,iti
sil
l
egal
.

 Thi
smar
ri
agei
scr
it
ici
zedbymanypeopl
ebecausei
thaspl
ayedabi
grol
eint
he
spr
eadofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seasesl
i
keHI
V/AI
DS.Becausepar
tner
sthi
nkt
hey
cannotpr
oduce,
theydonotbot
heral
otonhav
ingpr
otect
edsex.

 Thi
s ki
nd ofmar
ri
age i
s cr
it
ici
zed by many Chr
ist
ians because i
tis bi
bli
cal
l
y
condemned as t
her
e ar
e no bl
essi
ngs f
rom God as t
he case coul
d be i
na
monogamousmar
ri
age.

 TheAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalv
iewsar
eal
soagai
nstgaymar
ri
agebecausei
tdoesnoti
nvol
ve
gi
vi
ngbr
idepr
icet
oanyoft
hesi
desandal
soi
tdoesnotsuppor
tchi
l
dbear
ingwhi
chi
s
st
ressedi
ntheAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
set
ti
ng.

 Gaymar
ri
agesar
ecr
it
ici
zedbymanywomenbecauset
heyar
eunder
minedi
npl
ayi
ng
t
hei
rrol
eofpr
oduci
ngchi
l
drenandgi
vi
ngcompani
onshi
ptot
hemen.

 Thebi
blest
il
ldi
scr
edi
tsgaymar
ri
agesasaccor
ding t
othest
oryofSodom and
Gomor
rah. Theyr
efl
ectt
hei
rmi
nds on how God dest
roy
ed t
he t
wo ci
ti
es f
or
pr
act
ici
nghomosexual
i
ty.

 Gaymar
ri
agesar
ecr
it
ici
zedbecauset
hosewhopr
act
icesuchmar
ri
agesar
etakent
o
bel
acki
ngahumansenseofconsci
ousness.Thati
stosay
,theyar
emadandhav
elost
t
hesenseofchoosi
ngf
rom whati
sri
ghtandwr
ong.

 Peopl
e who pr
act
ice gaymar
ri
ages ar
e cr
it
ici
zed bybel
i
ever
s and ar
e seen as
psy
chol
ogi
cal
l
yunst
eadywhoev
enneedmedi
cal
doct
ors.

HOW TOCONTROLGAYMARRI
AGES

 The gov
ernment shoul
d put up st
ri
ctl
aws pr
ohi
bit
ing peopl
e who car
ry out
homosexual
i
tybecauset
hisi
sthenur
ser
ybedt
ogaymar
ri
agessuchar
rest
edpeopl
e
shoul
dbesev
erel
ypuni
shed.
`
 The gov
ernmentshoul
d putup st
ri
ctobser
vat
ion/
banni
ng oft
he por
nogr
aphi
c
mat
eri
alswhi
chkeeponci
rcul
ati
ngi
nthecount
rycomi
ngf
rom t
hewest
ernwor
ld.
Suchmat
eri
ali
nfl
uencest
heUgandansi
ntot
heact
.

 St
rongl
awsshoul
deputi
npl
acer
ightf
rom homeandatschool
. Thi
swi
l
lhel
pthe
y
oungonest
obemor
all
yupr
ightandev
enav
oidusi
ngdr
ugsl
i
kecocai
neandv
ulgar
l
anguagewhi
chent
icey
oungboy
stoengagei
nsexualact
ivi
ti
esmor
eov
erwi
thf
ell
ow
men.

 Ther
eisgr
eatneedf
orsexeducat
ionl
essonst
obet
aughtt
othechi
l
drenr
ightf
rom
homeandatschool
. Thi
smayhel
pthey
oungonest
ochooser
ight
fulpar
tner
sint
he
f
utur
eatt
het
imeofmar
ri
age.

 Par
ent
sathomeshoul
dsuper
viset
hechi
l
drent
heki
ndofmov
iest
heywat
cht
oreduce
oncasesofi
mmor
ali
tyi
nthesoci
etyt
hatl
eadt
ogaymar
ri
ages.

 Thepar
ent
sshoul
dal
sost
resst
hei
mpor
tanceofr
eli
giousv
aluest
ochi
l
dren. Thi
s
canbedonebyt
aki
ngt
hem t
oSundayser
vicesonaddi
ti
ont
oteachi
ngt
hem dai
l
y
pr
ayer
sathome.

 Theel
der
sint
hesoci
etyl
i
ket
hef
ami
l
yheads,cl
anl
eader
sort
ri
ball
eader
sshoul
d
t
eacht
hey
oungonest
hev
aluesandcust
omssot
hatt
heygr
owwi
thgooddi
sci
pli
nei
n
soci
etyandf
eart
oengagei
nsexmi
susel
i
kegaymar
ri
age.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dtr
ytoav
ailmor
eempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
est
othepeopl
e.
Thi
sisbecausesomepeopl
ear
etr
appedi
ntot
heactofhomosexual
i
tybecauset
hey
suf
ferf
rom hi
ghpov
ert
y.

 Thev
ict
imsnot
edi
nourcount
rypr
act
ici
nggaymar
ri
esneedt
obepuni
shedser
iousl
y
soast
obl
ockanyot
hercul
pri
ts. Thi
scanbedonet
hroughgi
vi
ngl
i
fei
mpr
isonment
.

 Ther
eisneedt
oexcommuni
cat
ethev
ict
imsf
rom t
hesoci
etysoast
oav
oidspr
eadi
ng
t
hehabi
ttoot
her
s.

 Mi
xedschool
sshoul
dbeencour
agedi
nthecount
ryast
heyhel
pal
ott
oteachbot
h
sexesor
elat
ewi
thoneanot
herwi
thoutf
earorf
avour
.

 Pr
ayer
sofchangeofmi
ndshoul
dbext
endedbychur
chl
eader
stoget
herwi
thot
her
f
oll
ower
ssoast
ochanget
hemi
ndsoft
hosei
nvol
vedi
ngaymar
ri
age.

 Measur
esl
i
kecast
rat
ionoft
hev
ict
im canal
sobeadopt
edi
nthecount
ryt
oreduceon
`
t
hehabi
tofhomosexual
i
tyorgaymar
ri
agesi
nthesoci
ety
.

BRI
DEPRI
CE

I
tisat
okengr
ati
tudef
rom whi
cht
heboy
’sf
ami
l
ypay
stot
hegi
rl
’sf
ami
l
yinexchange
f
ormar
ri
age. Br
idepr
icecanbegi
veni
nmat
eri
alt
hingsl
i
kecows,goat
s,cl
othes,
moneyandmanyot
her
s

I
MPORTANCES/
SIGNI
FICANCESOFBRI
DEPRI
CE

 Br
idepr
iceact
sasacer
ti
fi
cat
eofmar
ri
ageaccor
dingt
othecust
omar
ylawwheni
ts
f
ull
ypai
dmar
ri
agei
sseal
ed.

 I
tli
mit
schancesofdi
vor
ce.Thi
swasbecausei
tledt
ore-
pay
mentofdowr
yoft
hegi
rl
’s
f
ami
l
y.

 Br
ideweal
thact
sasapubl
i
cex
pressi
onofappr
eci
ati
onf
ort
henew wi
feanda
pl
easi
ngherpar
ent
sforhav
ingbor
oughheruppr
oper
ly.

 Dowr
ywasacompensat
ionf
ort
hel
ossoft
hegi
rl
’sl
abourt
othef
ami
l
y.

 I
twasal
sot
oappeaset
heancest
ralspi
ri
tswhenbr
idepr
icewaspai
d.I
tact
edasa
si
gn ofuni
on t
othe ext
ended f
ami
l
ysi
nce ancest
orswer
eincl
usi
ve and i
ncase
ancest
orswer
enotappeasedt
heywoul
dbr
inghar
mtot
henewcoupl
e.

 Dowr
yest
abl
i
shedst
rongr
elat
ionshi
pbet
weent
heboy
’sf
ami
l
yandt
hegi
rl
’sf
ami
l
y
al
thoughi
twasshar
edamongt
hemember
soft
hesoci
ety
.

 Dowr
year
nedr
espectt
othehusband,
thegi
rlandt
hef
ami
l
yal
sogai
nedpr
est
ige.

 Dowr
ysav
es t
he communi
tyf
rom i
mmor
alact
ivi
ti
es (
behav
iour
s)l
i
ke unwant
ed
pr
egnanci
esandpr
ost
it
uti
onsi
ncev
irgi
ngi
rl
sar
eknownt
ofet
chmor
ebr
ideweal
th.

 Requi
rement
sofdowr
ypay
mentgi
vest
hebr
idegr
oom t
hehencet
owor
khar
dinor
der
t
opayf
orbr
ideweal
th.

 I
tisasour
ceofweal
tht
othef
ami
l
yoft
hegi
rl
s. Amanwi
thmanygi
rl
swasassur
ed
byaccumul
ati
onofweal
thf
rom t
hedowr
y.

 Br
ideweal
thshowedt
heman’
sabi
l
ityt
olookaf
tert
hegi
rlandt
otakecar
eoft
hegi
rl
.

 Pr
ovi
dedsecur
it
ytot
hegi
rl
.
`
 I
tencour
agedgi
rl
stokeepv
irgi
n

 Br
idepr
iceof
fer
soppor
tuni
tyt
othehusbandt
oexpr
esshi
slov
etot
hebr
idewhoi
sto
behi
sfut
urewi
fe.

LI
MITATI
ONSOFDOWRY/
DISADVANTAGES/
PROBLEMS

 Dowr
ymayl
eadt
opov
ert
ytot
heboy
’sf
ami
l
yoraccumul
ati
ont
obi
gdebt
sinor
dert
o
paydowr
y.

 Att
imesdowr
ytur
nst
obeexpensi
vet
otheboyandt
hismaycausemi
sunder
standi
ng
bet
weent
het
wof
ami
l
ies.

 Toomuchemphasi
sondowr
ymaypr
eventsoundmar
ri
age.

 Br
ideweal
thmayt
emptpar
ent
stogi
vet
hei
ryoungdaught
erst
ool
dmenwhoatt
imes
maybepol
ygamousf
ort
hesakeofacqui
ri
ngdowr
yther
efor
ethedi
ff
erencei
nage
maymaket
hemar
ri
ageuncomf
ort
abl
eandendi
ntodi
vor
ce.

 Themanmaymi
str
eatt
hewi
feconsi
der
ingheramer
epr
oper
tyhepai
dwi
thbr
ide
pr
ice.

 Dowr
ymacausepr
obl
emst
othegi
rl
’sf
ami
l
yoncedi
vor
cehappens. Thef
ami
l
ymay
bemadet
oref
undt
hedowr
y.

 I
fthemanf
ail
stopayt
hedowr
yashepr
omi
sed,t
hei
n-l
awsmayunder
takehi
m asa
poormanandsomet
imesdev
elopsenmi
tywi
thhi
m.

 Dowr
ymaycausequar
rel
sbet
weenbot
hfami
l
iesi
nthenegot
iat
ionsandt
hiscan
causeev
erl
ast
ingenmi
tyt
obot
hsi
des.

 Br
ideweal
thmaydi
scour
agey
oungment
omar
ryast
heymayf
ailt
ori
ser
equi
red
dowr
yinf
orm ofmoneyandcat
tl
e.

 I
tcanal
sol
eadt
oimmor
albehav
iour
sont
hatsi
deofamanl
i
kest
eal
i
ngi
nor
dert
o
r
aiset
her
equi
reddowr
y.
`
CHRI
STI
ANVI
EW ONBRI
DEWEALTH

Chr
ist
iani
tymaynotputmuchemphasi
sonbr
ideweal
thbutmaysuppor
titi
nfol
l
owi
ng
v
iews;

 I
ntheol
dtest
ament
,Abr
aham’
sser
vantpai
ddowr
ytoRebecca’
spar
ent
sonbehal
fof
hi
smast
erf
orhi
mtogetmar
ri
edt
oIsaac(
Gen24)

 Jacobof
fer
edl
abourasdowr
yinor
dert
omar
ryLeahandl
aterRachael
.Hewor
kedf
or
7y
ear
stogetLeahand7y
ear
sforRachael
(Gen29:
16-
30)
.

 The mosai
claw uphol
ds dowr
y and a man oughtt
o pay dowr
yforhi
s wi
fe
(
Deut
eronomy22)

 Ki
ngDav
idpai
ddowr
ytoki
ngSaul
inor
dert
omar
ry

 Pr
ophetHoseapai
ddowr
yforhi
swi
feGomerwhot
urnedoutt
obeapr
ost
it
utel
ater
.

 Dowr
ycr
eat
esasenseofshar
ingmat
eri
alweal
th.Chr
ist
iani
tyencour
agesshar
ingour
bel
ongi
ngst
her
efor
edowr
yshoul
dbepai
d.

 Dowr
ypr
omot
es l
ove among f
ami
l
ies.Thi
sis a car
dinall
aw i
n Chr
ist
iani
tyand
t
her
efor
eshoul
dbeuphel
d.

 Dowr
yseal
smar
ri
ageandmakesi
tper
manentmar
ri
agei
nChr
ist
iani
tyi
ssupposedt
o
beper
manentsoany
thi
ngt
hatkeepsi
tper
manentshoul
dbeencour
aged.

 Thr
ought
hepay
mentofbr
ideweal
th,r
elat
ionshi
psbet
weent
het
wof
ami
l
iesar
e
pr
omot
edandst
rengt
hbar
edi
nChr
ist
iani
typr
eacheshar
moni
ousl
i
ving.

 Chr
ist
iani
tyi
sagai
nstadul
ter
ysi
ncedowr
ycanl
i
mitont
hispr
act
icei
tshoul
dbe
encour
aged.

SEPARATI
ONANDDI
VORCE

Thi
sist
het
otal
separ
ati
onbet
weent
hehusbandandt
hewi
fe.I
t’
snor
mal
l
ylegal
i
zed
andf
ormal
i
zedi
ndev
elopi
ng count
ri
es.

I
tal
someanst
hel
egaldi
ssol
uti
onofmar
ri
age. I
thappenswhent
hehusbandand
wi
fehav
eagr
eedt
oter
minat
ethei
rmar
ri
ageduet
osi
tuat
ionbey
ondt
hei
rcont
rol
.

CAUSESOFDI
VORCEI
NUGANDATODAY

 Unf
ait
hful
nesswher
eonepar
tnerengagesi
next
ramar
it
alsex.Thet
womayagr
eet
o
t
ermi
nat
ethei
rmar
ri
ageduet
ofearofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seases.
`
 Domest
icv
iol
encemaycausedi
vor
ce. I
nthehomecanal
sol
eadt
odi
vor
cef
or
exampl
ethel
ateengi
neerWander
aKazi
bweendedupdi
vor
cinghi
swi
feSpeci
oza
Wander
aKazi
bwet
hef
ormerv
icepr
esi
denti
nUgandai
n2002becauseheusedt
obeat
t
hewi
femanyt
imesandt
hisr
esul
tedi
ntot
hei
rdi
vor
ce.

 Rel
i
giousdi
ff
erencescanal
sol
eadt
odi
vor
ceofmar
ri
edcoupl
es.Forexampl
e,t
he
f
ormerpr
esi
dentGodf
reyBi
nai
sai
nUgandawasal
l
egedl
yaccusedofdi
vor
cinghi
s
l
overhegott
hrought
hei
nter
netcal
l
edYamamot
oJapanesebecauseshewasf
ound
onl
ytobeamoonwor
shi
pperhencel
eadi
ngt
othei
rdi
vor
cei
n2005.

 Chr
oni
cdi
seasel
i
kemadness,cancercanal
sol
eadt
odi
vor
ceamongt
hemar
ri
ed
par
tner
s.

 Theweakgov
ernmentpol
i
ciescanal
sol
eadt
odi
vor
cel
i
ket
hemar
ri
agebi
l
l.For
exampl
e,Di
nah Nkesi
ga oft
he Vi
can Al
lSai
ntsCat
hedr
ali
n Kampal
a say
sthat
mar
ri
agebi
l
lcancausepeopl
etodi
vor
cei
nChr
ist
ianwor
ld,coupl
esmar
ryv
ow t
o
shar
eev
ery
thi
ngt
her
efor
elegi
slat
orsshoul
dkeeppar
tner
sreconci
l
erat
hert
hanf
ocus
ondi
vor
ce.

 Womenemanci
pat
ionper
cei
vedwr
ongl
yamongt
hewomenandt
hisal
socont
ri
but
ed
t
odi
vor
ce.

 Toomuchal
cohol
i
sm anddr
ugabusehasl
edt
ofai
l
ureofmar
ri
edcoupl
est
oper
for
m
mar
it
alr
esponsi
bil
i
tiesl
i
kepr
ovi
dingt
hebasi
cneedsoft
hef
ami
l
yhencehasr
esul
ted
i
ntodi
vor
ceoft
hemar
ri
edpeopl
e.

 Mi
sunder
standi
ngbet
weent
hehusbandandwi
fehasal
sor
esul
tedi
ntodi
vor
ce.For
exampl
eJudi
thBabi
ryeaUgandangospelar
ti
standpast
ori
nUgandaconsi
der
edf
or
di
vor
ceal
l
egi
ngt
hatshemi
str
eat
ed,
phy
sical
l
ytor
tur
ed,
emot
ional
l
ybyt
hehusbandat
Samuel
Niwoi
n2009.

 Lackofsexual
sat
isf
act
ionbet
weent
hemar
ri
edcoupl
eshasal
sor
esul
tedi
ntodi
vor
ce.
Forexampl
e,i
t’
s al
l
eged t
hatHadi
j
ah Nasej
j
e di
vor
ced Past
orDav
id Ki
ganda of
Chr
ist
iani
tyFocusCent
reatKi
seny
i–MengoKampal
aci
tyi
n2006af
ter20y
ear
sin
l
ovebecauset
hei
rmar
ri
agewasl
ockedwi
thl
ackofsexsat
isf
act
ion.So,t
hewoman
wasf
orcedt
oseekf
orsexual
sat
isf
act
ionf
rom achapator“
kikomando”maker
.

 Di
vor
cemayhappeni
ncaseawomancar
ri
esoutabor
ti
onwi
thoutt
heknowl
edgeor
t
heconsentoft
hehusbandorusesanyot
herf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodswi
thouther
`
husband’
saccept
ance.

 I
ncaseamani
simpot
entt
hewomanmayal
soaskf
ordi
vor
cebecauseshecan’
t
st
andt
obest
abl
edsexual
l
y.

 Bar
enessmaybeanot
hercauseofdi
vor
ce.Amanmaydeci
det
odi
vor
ceabar
renwi
fe
i
nor
dert
omar
ryanot
herwi
fewhocanpr
oducechi
l
dren.I
naddi
ti
ont
othat
,pr
oduct
ion
ofsi
ngl
esexchi
l
drenmayal
sopr
omot
edi
vor
ce.

 For
cedmar
ri
ages.Usual
l
yendupi
ndi
vor
ceespeci
all
ygi
rl
swhoar
efor
cedt
omar
ryol
d
menseekf
ordi
vor
ceduet
oageandi
nter
est
s.

 Di
ff
erencesi
nthel
evelofeducat
ioncanl
eadt
odi
vor
cei
fonepar
tneri
sfarmor
e
educat
edt
hant
heot
hert
her
efor
ethei
nfer
ior
it
ycompl
exmayoccurandasar
esul
tof
di
vor
ce.

 Fai
l
uret
oper
for
m somecul
tur
alpr
act
icesl
i
keamongt
heBagandaofcent
ralUganda
t
ovi
sitt
hebush.

 Pov
ert
yespeci
all
yamongwomenwhowantr
ichmen.

 Pecul
i
arhabi
tsl
i
kegossi
pingcanal
sol
eadt
odi
vor
ce.

 Longper
iodofsepar
ati
on.

WHYDI
VORCEWASVERYRAREI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY

I
n Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,di
vor
cewasnotcommon becauseoft
hef
oll
owi
ng
f
act
ors;

 Theybel
i
evedt
hatmar
ri
agewasbl
essedbyGodandt
her
efor
eitcoul
dnotj
ustbe
t
ermi
nat
ed(
dissol
ved)
.

 I
twasunusualt
ofi
nddi
vor
cecasesI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
Mar
ri
age. Thi
swas
becausemar
ri
agewasseenasanaf
fai
rnotonl
ybet
weent
wogr
oupsofpeopl
e,i
t
i
nvol
vedt
hewhol
ecl
anandf
ami
l
yheadsf
rom bot
hthemanandwoman’
ssi
dewho
gui
dedt
hei
rchi
l
drenbef
oreanddur
ingmar
ri
age.

 Thepr
ocessofor
gani
zi
ngmar
ri
agecer
emonypl
ayedabi
grol
einr
educi
ngdi
vor
ce
cases. Thi
swasbecausei
ttookmor
eti
mei
nvol
vi
ngt
heexper
iencesofpar
ent
sin
gi
vi
ngsexeducat
ion.

 Thebackgr
oundofbot
hpar
tner
swoul
dcl
ear
lybest
udi
edt
ounder
standeachot
her
’s
`
behav
iour
s.Ev
enspeci
alpr
ayer
sshoul
dbeor
gani
zedt
ohav
east
abl
emar
ri
age.

 Thebr
idepr
icet
hatcoul
dbepai
dbyt
hemant
othegi
rl
’ssi
decoul
dal
sobl
ockhi
m or
herondi
vor
ce.Forexampl
eamanpai
dacockwhi
chsi
gni
fi
edal
i
fet
imeuni
on
bet
weent
hemanandwoman’
sfami
l
yandi
fthecockhasbeeneat
enupbyt
hegi
rl
’s
f
ami
l
ythendi
vor
cecoul
dn’
toccur
.

 Themar
ri
ageI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyai
medatst
abi
l
ityandpr
oduct
ionofchi
l
dren.
Ther
efor
eitwoul
dbesohar
dfort
hepar
tner
stosepar
atef
rom oneanot
herespeci
all
y
i
ftheyhadpr
oducedsomechi
l
drenl
i
keSsempi
j
jaandKi
ggundu.

 Ther
ewasaser
iouscour
tshi
ppr
ocessofwi
tht
hepar
ent
soft
hewoul
d-bepar
ent
sof
t
hepar
tner
scoul
ddi
scov
ert
hepr
obl
emsbet
weent
hemanandwomanandwas
sol
vedbef
oremar
ri
aget
ookpl
ace.

 I
ncaseapr
obl
em occur
redbet
weent
hecoupl
eitwoul
dbeeasi
l
ysol
vedbef
ore
di
vor
cet
ookpl
ace. I
nthi
scaset
hewomanwoul
drunt
oherauntwhoconnect
edt
o
t
hemanwhi
l
ethemanwoul
drunt
ohi
suncl
etoseekf
oradv
iceandusual
l
yasol
uti
on
woul
dbegot
.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyi
fthehusbandwascaughtgui
l
tyofmi
str
eat
ingt
hewi
fe
l
i
kebeat
ingherupev
eryt
imehei
sdr
unkar
d,aser
iouswar
ningwasputt
owar
dshi
m by
t
heel
der
sandhet
ooki
ttoo.Thi
scoul
dal
sopr
eventawomanf
rom di
vor
cingt
he
husband.

 TheAf
ri
canspr
act
icedt
hepay
mentofdowr
yandbr
idepr
ice. Thi
ssol
vedmucht
he
t
endenci
esofdi
vor
cebecauset
hewomanal
way
sthoughtofherf
ami
l
yret
urni
ngbr
ide
pr
icet
otheman’
sfami
l
y.

CI
RCUMSTANCES UNDER WHI
CH DI
VORCE WAS PERMI
TTED I
N AFRI
CAN
TRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY

 I
fthewomanwasnotav
irgi
natt
het
imeofget
ti
ngmar
ri
edt
oherhusbanddi
vor
ce
wasper
mit
ted.

 I
ncaseofawomanwasl
azyandcoul
dn’
tdoawaydomest
icwor
kdi
vor
cewas
per
mit
ted.

 I
ncaset
hewomanwascaughtcommi
tt
ingadul
ter
ydi
vor
cewasgr
ant
ed.

 I
ncaset
hewomanpr
act
icedwi
tchcr
aftdi
vor
cewasgr
ant
ed.
`
 I
ncaset
hewomanwasf
rom anot
hert
ri
beorcul
tur
edi
vor
cewasgr
ant
ed.

 I
ncaset
hemanwasat
hief
,mur
der
erorheav
ydr
unkar
ddi
vor
cewasgr
ant
ed.

 I
ncaset
hepar
tner
swer
efr
om t
hesamecl
an(
incest
)di
vor
cewasgr
ant
ed.

 I
ncaseofbar
enessandi
nfer
ti
li
tyofawoman,
div
orcewasgr
ant
ed.

EFFECTS/
IMPACTSOFDI
VORCETODAY

 Ther
elat
ionshi
pbet
weent
wof
ami
l
iesi
sdest
roy
edandenmi
tymayoccur
.

 Ther
eispsy
chol
ogi
calt
ort
uret
hedi
vor
cedpar
tnerwhi
chmayl
eadt
ofr
ust
rat
ion,
madness.

 Di
vor
cedpeopl
emayl
osei
nter
esti
nmar
ri
ageanddeci
dest
obesi
ngl
efort
her
estof
t
hei
rli
fe.Thosewhi
chr
emai
nint
hei
rmar
ri
agehat
ethei
rpar
tner
s.

 Thechi
l
drenbor
nindi
vor
cedf
ami
l
ylackmot
her
lyl
oveandcar
easwel
lasgui
dance
andmostoft
het
imet
heybecomev
ict
imsofchi
l
dabuse.

 Di
vor
cedwomenl
oosemar
ketandf
indi
thar
dtogetanot
herpar
tner
.

 Di
vor
cedpar
tner
sst
andar
iskofget
ti
ngsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seasest
heyar
eusedt
o
sexsot
heyendupmar
ryi
ngwhot
heymaybesur
eofhi
sHI
Vst
atus.

 Di
vor
cedpeopl
ear
edeni
edchoi
ceofsomesacr
ament
sandposi
ti
onsofl
eader
shi
pin
chur
ch.

 Thedi
vor
cedpar
tnerr
egr
etduet
oti
mewast
edandmoneyspentheorshebecomes
f
rust
rat
edormanyt
urnt
opr
ost
it
uti
on.

 Adi
vor
cedper
sonl
osesst
atusanddi
gni
tyamongf
ami
l
ymember
sandsoci
etyatl
arge.

 Di
vor
cemayl
eadr
evengeandt
her
efor
eadi
vor
cedper
sonmaypl
ant
ofi
nishal
lthe
f
ami
l
y

WAYSTHROUGHWHI
CHTHECHURCHCANPROMOTESTABLEMARRI
AGES

 Thechur
chcanadv
iseChr
ist
iansagai
nstexpensi
veweddi
ngi
temsofcl
othes,cakes,
car
sandmanyot
her
s
`
 Peopl
e shoul
d be sensi
ti
zed aboutt
hei
mpor
tance ofchur
ch mar
ri
agessuch as
f
ait
hful
ness,
needf
orst
abi
l
ityandt
hel
egal
impl
i
cat
ion.

 Chr
ist
ians shoul
d be mot
ivat
ed t
o under
take chur
ch mar
ri
ages by of
fer
ing t
he
mat
ri
moni
alsacr
ament
s.Al
so member
s of t
he chur
ch shoul
d cont
ri
but
e and
par
ti
cipat
einpr
epar
ati
onofChr
ist
ianmar
ri
ages.

 Thechur
chshoul
duphol
dthepr
act
iceofmonogamyasopposedt
opol
ygamy
.Any
f
orm ofsexout
sidemar
ri
ageshoul
dbecondemned.

 Thechur
chcanwi
thhol
dof
fer
ingofsacr
ament
ssuchas(
Euchar
ist
)Hol
yCommuni
on
t
oChr
ist
ianswhof
ail
tokeept
hei
rmat
ri
moni
alpr
omi
ses.

 Posi
ti
onsofl
eader
shi
pint
hechur
chshoul
dber
est
ri
ctedt
opeopl
ewhoar
elegal
l
yand
hav
ekeptt
hei
rpr
omi
ses.

 Thechur
chmayr
ecogni
zet
hosewhohav
est
ayedi
nmar
ri
agef
oraper
iodoft
ime.
Theymaygi
vet
hem cer
ti
fi
cat
esandassi
stt
hem t
oor
gani
zeandcel
ebr
atesuch
achi
evement
sforexampl
esi
l
ver
,jubi
l
eeandgol
denj
ubi
l
ee.

 Thechur
chmaypr
omot
eChr
ist
ianmar
ri
agebyf
ormi
ngor
gani
zat
ionsl
i
kemot
her
s
uni
on,f
ather
suni
onwher
emember
scanshar
eexper
iences,encour
agesoneanot
her
andacqui
reski
l
lsi
ndeal
i
ngwi
thmar
it
alpr
obl
ems.

 Young peopl
eint
endi
ng t
o mar
ryshoul
d be of
fer
ed gui
danceand counsel
i
ng on
mot
her
spat
ter
ningsex.Theybeencour
agedt
oshowl
ove,
respect
,tol
erat
eandpat
ient
t
ooneanot
her
.

 Thechur
chshoul
dpr
eachandadv
ocat
eforl
oveandf
orgi
venessofoneanot
heri
n
mar
ri
age“
all
hav
esi
nnedandr
unshor
ttot
hegl
oryofGod’
.

 Mar
ri
edpeopl
eshoul
dbeencour
agedt
oshowgoodexampl
est
otheunmar
ri
edsot
hat
t
heycanappr
eci
atet
hei
mpor
tanceofChr
ist
ianmar
ri
age.

 Chr
ist
ianpar
ent
sshoul
dbesensi
ti
zedt
obr
ingupchi
l
dreni
nGodl
yway
sandt
rai
n
t
hem t
orespectpeopl
eespeci
all
yoft
heopposi
tesex.

BI
BLI
CALTEACHI
NGONDI
VORCE

 I
nthebookofLev
iti
cus21:
7say
sadi
vor
cedwomanwasconsi
der
edunhol
yandcoul
d
notgetmar
ri
edt
oapr
iest
.

 I
nDeut
eronomy
,24:
1-4,
it’
swr
it
tent
hatamancoul
dwr
it
eadi
vor
cel
ett
erandsentt
he
`
wi
febackt
oherhomeandwasnev
ert
omar
ryheragai
n.

 I
nthebookofMal
achi2:
16t
heLor
dhat
esdi
vor
ce.Thebi
blesay
siti
ssuchacr
uel
t
hingt
odot
othewoman.Ther
efor
e,menhadbeenencour
agednev
ert
obr
eakt
hei
r
pr
omi
sesandr
emai
nfai
thf
ult
othem.

 ThebookofEccl
esi
ast
es5:
5,t
eachest
hat
,iti
sbet
ternott
opr
omi
seatal
lthanmakea
pr
omi
seandy
oudonotf
ulf
il
li
t.

 Mat
hew5:
21-
32amanwhodi
vor
cehi
swi
fei
sgui
l
tyofmaki
nghercommi
tadul
ter
yif
shemar
ri
edagai
nev
enamanwhomar
ri
eshercommi
tsadul
ter
ytoo.

 Mat
hew 19:
3-9,Jesus condemns di
vor
ce when he emphasi
zed per
manence i
n
mar
ri
age. Nomanshoul
dsepar
atewhatGodhadj
oinedt
oget
her
.

 I
n1Cor
int
hians7:
10f
f,Pauladv
isesmar
ri
edwomennev
ert
odi
vor
ce;i
ftheydi
dso
t
hent
heyshoul
dremai
nsi
ngl
eorber
econci
l
edt
othei
rhusbands.Li
kewi
se,aman
shoul
dnev
erdi
vor
cehi
swi
fe.

 Thegospel
ofMat
hew18:
21-
22adv
ocat
esf
ort
oler
ance,
for
giv
enessandr
econci
l
iat
ion
f
orwhenev
ert
her
ear
emar
ri
agedi
ff
icul
ti
es. Par
tner
sshoul
dreal
i
zet
hatwear
eal
l
si
nner
s(Rome13:
23)
.Ther
efor
e,Chr
ist
ianmar
ri
agesshoul
dbef
ullofl
oveev
enwhen
onepar
tneri
sunf
ait
hful
li
keGomerwasunf
ait
hful
toherhusbandHosea.

 I
nconcl
usi
on,t
hebi
bleandgener
all
ytheChr
ist
ianpr
inci
pleofdi
vor
cei
snegat
ive.
Mar
ri
edpar
tner
sar
eexpect
edt
ost
ayt
oget
heri
nspi
teofal
lci
rcumst
ancesl
i
kepov
ert
y,
heal
thpr
obl
emsandsi
cknessev
enunt
ildeat
h.

SOLUTI
ONSTODI
VORCE

 Themar
ri
edpeopl
eshoul
dknowt
hatmar
ri
agei
snotasmoot
hroadal
lthet
imeand
t
hoset
hingswi
l
lmov
eonwel
last
heywi
sh. Ther
efor
ethecoupl
eshoul
dfor
giv
eone
anot
herwhent
hingsgowr
ong.

 Ther
eisneedf
orcounsel
i
ngandgui
danceoft
hemar
ri
edpeopl
eoast
omaket
hem
awar
eoft
hechal
l
engesanddemandsofl
i
fe. Thi
scanhel
pthem copeupwi
tht
he
pr
obl
emssur
roundi
ngt
hei
rmar
ri
age.Forexampl
eal
cohol
i
sm orf
inanci
alhar
dshi
ps.

 Husbandandwi
feshoul
dbecommi
tt
edt
othei
rpar
tner
swi
tht
hespi
ri
tofl
oveal
lthe
t
imeast
heyt
endt
ovowdur
ingt
hei
rmar
ri
agear
rangementnchur
ch.
`
 Themar
ri
edneedt
obeadv
isedt
orespectoneanot
her
’sv
iew.Eachoft
hem shoul
d
knowt
hatt
hepar
tnerhasi
ndi
vi
dual
thought
.

 Oneent
eri
ngmar
ri
ageshoul
dbeadv
isedbyt
heel
der
sli
ket
hechur
chl
eader
sormor
e
exper
iencedpeopl
etot
akenot
eont
hechoi
ceofmar
ri
agepar
tner
s.Somet
imespeopl
e
mar
rypar
tner
sinhur
rybutwhent
heydon’
tfi
tint
hei
rdai
l
yli
fest
yles.

 Par
tner
sshoul
dwat
choutont
hesur
roundi
ngenv
ironmentwher
etheysl
eep.I
tis
al
way
sadv
isabl
etost
ayawayf
rom ar
easl
i
kebar
s,di
scot
heques. Suchar
eascan
easi
l
ymi
sleady
ourpar
tneri
ntobecomi
ngadr
unkar
doni
ghtcl
ubbi
ngal
lthet
ime.

 Thecoupl
esshoul
dtakeser
iousnot
eoft
hepeergr
oupmember
stheymov
eoutwi
th.
Manyt
imest
hesebr
ingoutr
umour
sthatl
eadt
obr
eakdownofmar
ri
age.

 Fami
l
ymember
sshoul
dbel
i
mit
edsomet
imesi
nthei
nter
fer
enceofy
ourmar
ri
age.I
tis
t
ruet
hatmanymar
ri
ageshav
ebr
oken downbecauseofmi
sadv
iseoranyot
her
i
nter
fer
enceofanymemberi
ntoy
ourf
ami
l
yormar
ri
age.

 Af
ami
l
yshoul
dbeencour
agedt
ohav
easpi
ri
tofGodf
ear
ingsast
ohav
est
abi
l
ityi
n
t
hei
rfami
l
yormar
ri
age. Thef
ami
l
ywher
epar
ent
sandt
hei
rchi
l
drenspar
esomet
ime
t
opr
ayt
oGodt
oget
herl
i
keat
tendi
ngSundayser
vices,
uni
tywi
l
lbepr
omot
ed.

 Opendi
scussi
onsshoul
dbeencour
agedamongpar
tner
smostpr
obabl
ywi
tht
hei
r
chi
l
dren. Thi
scansol
vepr
obl
emsl
i
kef
inanci
alhar
dshi
pwher
eawomanmi
ghtwi
sh
t
odr
opamanbecauseofsomeofourchi
l
drennol
ongergot
oschool
.

 Thespi
ri
tofpat
ienceneedt
obemor
eencour
agedamongt
hecoupl
e. Chr
ist
iani
tyas
ar
eli
gionencour
agesmar
ri
edpeopl
etobepat
ientt
owar
dsoneanot
her
’sdemandso
ast
ohav
east
abl
emar
ri
age.

 Thel
egalconst
it
uti
oni
nthecount
ryshoul
dbest
ri
ct,shoul
dhav
ecl
earar
ti
clesabout
mar
ri
agepr
ohi
bit
ingunnecessar
ysepar
ati
onofpar
tner
sespeci
all
ythosewhomi
ght
hav
egonet
hrought
her
ightpr
ocedur
esofmar
ri
agel
i
kechur
chmar
ri
age.

 Mar
ri
edpeopl
eshoul
dbeadv
isedt
owor
kwi
thi
nthei
rhomel
ocal
i
tyt
oreduceont
he
demandsfwoment
hatcauseadul
ter
yorpr
ost
it
uti
onwhi
chmayendupi
ndi
vor
cei
fa
manget
stoknowabouti
t.

 Soci
alev
il
sint
hef
ami
l
yshoul
dbef
oughtagai
nstbecauset
heyar
ethemaj
orcauses
off
ami
l
ybr
eakdown.Forexampl
eal
cohol
i
sm,
wit
chcr
aft
,dr
ugabuseandmanyot
her
s
`
 Cour
tshi
pisav
italst
epwhi
chpeopl
eundermar
ri
ageneedt
ogi
vemor
erespect
. Thi
s
meanst
hataper
sonl
ooki
ngf
oramar
ri
agepar
tnershoul
dtakesomel
i
nesofhi
s/her
under
standi
ngt
het
otal
behav
ioroft
heot
her
swhom shewi
shest
ogetmar
ri
edi
nor
der
t
oav
oidf
utur
emi
sunder
standi
ngs.

WOMENLI
BERATI
ONMOVEMENTS(
WLM)

Thi
sref
erst
othest
ruggl
etakenupbywoment
ofi
ghtf
ort
hei
rhumanr
ight
s. I
nsome
cases,i
tiscal
l
edwomenemanci
pat
ionwher
etheyst
ruggl
etof
reet
hemsel
vesaway
f
rom al
lki
ndsofoppr
essi
oncar
ri
edoutbyment
owar
dst
hem. Suchoppr
essi
onsar
e
pol
i
tical
andeconomi
c.

Thi
sist
hemov
ementofwomenwhi
chwasf
ormedt
ofi
ghtagai
nstt
hedi
scr
imi
nat
ion
ofwomenbymeni
nthesoci
ety
.It
sbasi
cai
m wast
oachi
ever
ecogni
ti
onofwomen
asf
ullhumanbei
ngwi
thhumanr
ight
s.I
twasst
art
edi
nUSAandspr
eadacr
osst
he
wor
ld.

Thewomenl
i
ber
ati
onmov
ement
sst
art
edupi
nEur
opewher
ewomenwer
eti
redof
bei
ngunder
minedandnegl
ect
edbymeni
nter
msofr
eli
giousandpol
i
tical
leader
shi
p.

I
nUganda,
themostpr
onouncedwomenl
i
ber
ati
onmov
ement
sar
eFI
DAandUWESO.

REASONS/ FACTORS FOR FORMATI

ON OF WOMEN LI
BERATI
ON
MOVEMENTS/
STRUGGLES/ORGANI
ZATI
ONS

 Ther
ewasaneedt
oov
ercomesexualhar
assment
swhi
chwer
ecommonl
ycar
ri
edout
t
owar
dswomen. I
tisst
il
lgoi
ngonbutduet
otheexi
stenceofsuchor
gani
zat
ionsl
i
ke
FI
DAi
thasr
educed.

 Theneedt
oov
ercomedomest
icv
iol
ence.Forexampl
ebat
ter
ingt
hewomanandr
api
ng
womencont
ri
but
edt
othef
ormat
ionofwomenl
i
ber
ati
onmov
ement
s.

 Thef
ail
urebyment
oappr
eci
atet
hingsdonebywomenatwor
khasal
sof
orcedt
hem
t
ost
artdemandi
ngf
orequal
recogni
ti
onatpl
acesofwor
k.

 Thedeni
alofwoment
oinher
itt
hepr
oper
tyoft
hedeceasedwhi
chwascommonI
n
Af
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
.Thi
shasf
orcedmanywoment
ojoi
nupt
hei
rli
ber
ati
on
mov
ement
s. Awomani
nthepastwoul
dnoti
nher
itt
hepr
oper
tyoft
hef
atheror
r
elat
ive. Butnowaday
sthel
awgi
vest
hem t
hemandat
etoi
nher
itmuchpr
oper
ty.
`
 Theywer
efor
medbecausei
nsomesoci
eti
es/
count
ri
esl
i
keFr
ance,womenwer
e
l
ookedatassecondhandpeopl
e. Thi
sisev
idencedbyt
hewor
dsaf
ormerr
ulerof
Fr
ancebynamesofNapol
eonBonapar
teIwhosai
dwomeneducat
ioni
susel
essbut
onl
yfi
tforki
tchenwor
k.

 Thedeni
alofwoment
oeatcer
tai
ndel
i
ciousf
oodst
uff
spr
ovokedt
hem t
owakeup
andst
ruggl
efort
hei
rri
ght
s. I
nmanyAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etysoci
eti
es,women
wer
enotal
l
owedt
oeateggs,
chi
cken,
por
kandgr
asshopper
s. Butnowt
heyar
efr
ee
t
oeatt
hem.

 Thewomenl
i
ber
ati
onst
ruggl
eswer
eal
sost
art
edupi
nUSA,Br
it
ainandt
hent
oAf
ri
ca
t
ofi
ghtf
orgi
rlchi
l
deducat
ion. Thi
swasdeni
edt
othem i
nthepast
.

 These mov
ement
s wer
e al
so f
ormed t
ofi
ghtf
ort
he r
ight
s ofwomen who ar
e
commonl
ydi
smi
ssedf
rom t
hei
rjobsf
ormi
norcasesl
i
keget
ti
ngpr
egnantordel
ayi
ng
t
oret
urnatwor
kaf
terchi
l
ddel
i
ver
y.

 I
ntheot
herway
,womenl
i
ber
ati
onst
ruggl
eswer
est
art
edupsoast
ofi
ghtf
orf
air
pay
mentofsal
ari
esl
i
kemen.

 These or
gani
zat
ions ofwomen wer
efor
med f
ort
he pur
pose off
ight
ing f
ort
he
f
reedom oft
hegi
rlchi
l
dinmat
ter
sofmar
ri
age. I
tiscommont
ofi
ndpar
ent
sfor
cing
t
hei
rdaught
ersatat
enderagei
ntomar
ri
agebecauset
heyhav
efai
l
edt
opayschool
s
f
eesf
orherandwantbr
idepr
icef
rom t
heman.

 Theneedt
oupl
i
ftt
heeconomi
cst
atusofwomenl
edt
othef
ormat
ionoft
hei
rli
ber
ati
on
or
gani
zat
ions. Womenf
ormt
hel
argestpopul
ati
oni
nthewhol
ewor
ldbuti
nmany
sect
orst
heywoul
dbedeni
edj
oboppor
tuni
ti
es. Howev
ert
oday
,thesi
tuat
ionhas
i
mpr
ovedduet
omuchpr
essur
eexer
tedt
owar
dst
hegov
ernment
.

 I
nAf
ri
cana,womenwer
edeni
edoppor
tuni
tyt
oownl
andandbor
rowmoneyf
rom t
he
banksandst
artbusi
ness.Asofnow suchbanksl
i
keCent
enar
yRur
alDev
elopment
BankandFI
NCAar
elendi
ngoutmoneyt
owoment
orunt
hei
rownbusi
nesses.

 Thewomenl
i
ber
ati
onst
ruggl
eswer
efor
medt
odemandf
orequaloppor
tuni
ti
esof
l
eader
shi
pei
theri
npol
i
ticsori
nthechur
ch. Duet
othi
spr
essur
e,wenow hav
ea
numberofwomenpol
i
ticall
eader
s.Forexampl
e,JanetKat
ahaMusev
eni
,themi
nist
er
ofeducat
ion t
echnol
ogy and spor
ts sci
ence,Rebecca Kadaga t
he speakerof
par
li
amentandot
her
sar
erel
i
giousl
i
kePast
or.Manj
eri
,Past
orI
mel
daKul
aNamut
ebi
.
`
 Womenwer
eti
redofbei
nggi
vent
oomuchwor
ktodobyt
hei
rhusbandsandhadno
wher
etor
epor
t. Now-
day
swomenshar
ehomedut
ieswi
tht
hemenandev
eni
fthey
donotcompl
etet
hewor
kont
ime,
mendonotj
ustbeatt
hem f
orf
earofbei
ngr
epor
ted
i
nFI
DA.

 Womenwer
ebei
ngdi
vor
cedbymenandl
eftt
ogowi
thnoescor
tint
ermsofshar
ing
mat
eri
alweal
th. Butnowaday
sthel
aw gi
vest
hem t
hemandat
etoshar
epr
oper
ty.
Forexampl
ewhenMi
chaelTy
sonf
ormerwor
ldboxerchampi
onwassepar
ati
ngwi
th
t
hewi
fet
heyshar
edpr
oper
tywhi
chal
sooccur
redt
oHenr
yThi
err
ywhent
heywer
e
separ
ati
ngwi
tht
hewi
fe.

 Thosemov
ement
swer
eal
sof
ormedt
ost
ruggl
eforwomen’
sri
ghtt
owi
fe. I
nMusl
i
m
st
ates,
theyhav
eal
awofst
oni
ngt
hewomant
odeat
hifcaughti
nadul
ter
y/f
orni
cat
ion.

CONTRI
BUTI
ONSOFTHEGOVERNMENTOFUGANDAI
NUPLI
FTI
NGTHESTATUSOF
WOMEN

 Thegov
ernmenthaspr
otect
edwomen’
sri
ght
sthr
oughf
ormi
ngt
heUgandahuman
r
ight
scommi
ssi
on. Thi
sfi
ght
sfort
heequal
i
tyofal
lpeopl
emenandwomen.

 TheUgandangov
ernmenthasi
ssuedmor
ewomenr
epr
esent
ati
vesi
nthepar
li
ament
.
Thi
shasbeendonebyensur
inghati
nev
erydi
str
ictt
her
eisatl
eastonewomen
r
epr
esent
ati
vei
nthepar
li
ament
.

 The gov
ernmenthas gi
ven t
he gi
rlchi
l
d a pr
ivi
l
ege i
n educat
ion att
he hi
gher
i
nst
it
uti
onsofl
ear
ning.Thi
sisdonet
hroughof
fer
inggi
rl
swhoqual
i
fyf
oruni
ver
sit
y
cour
sesabonusof1.
5fr
eepoi
nts.

 Uni
ver
salpr
imar
yandsecondar
yeducat
ionhasal
sobeenpr
omot
edbyt
henat
ional
r
esi
stance or
gani
sat
ion.Thi
s of
fer
s mor
e chances t
othe gi
rlchi
l
din educat
ion
becausesomepar
ent
sar
efondofnegl
ect
ingt
hem.

 A speci
alwomen’
sdayhasbeendesi
gnedi
nUgandaof
fi
cial
l
ytocel
ebr
atebyt
he
womenasspeci
alpeopl
e.Thi ycomeson8thMar
sdayusual
l chev
eryy
ear
.

 Thegov
ernmentofUgandahasputst
ri
ctl
awst
opr
otectt
her
ight
sofwomenov
ermen
whomi
str
eatt
hem i
nthei
rhomes.

 Ami
nist
ryofgenderandsoci
aldev
elopmentheadedbyawomanhasbeenputi
npl
ace
i
nUgandat
ofi
ghtf
orwomenr
ight
sli
kedomest
icv
iol
ence.
`
 I
nor
dert
oreduceonwomendi
scr
imi
nat
ioni
nthesoci
ety
,thegov
ernmentofUganda
hasencour
agedpr
ivat
eschoolowner
stosetupmor
emi
xedschool
sinaddi
ti
ont
o
mor
egov
ernmentai
dedschool
s.Thi
sisasi
gnofpr
omot
ingequal
i
tybet
weengi
rl
sand
boy
s.

 Thewomenheal
thpr
ogr
ammeshav
ebeenpr
omot
edi
nthecount
rysoast
oreduceon
t
hehi
ghmor
tal
i
tyr
atewher
eev
ensomewomenendupdy
ingdur
ingdel
i
ver
y. Such
pr
ogr
ammes i
ncl
ude among ot
her
s,pr
event
ion ofmot
hert
o chi
l
d sensi
ti
zat
ion
pr
ogr
amme(
PMTC)
.

 Thegov
ernmenthasassi
stedt
hewoment
ost
artupor
gani
zat
ionst
hatcanupl
i
ftt
hei
r
economi
cst
atus. Fr
om t
heseor
gani
zat
ions,t
heyar
elentsomemoneyt
odev
elop
t
hei
rbusi
nesses.

 Thegov
ernmentofUgandahast
ri
edi
tsl
evel
bestt
opr
ovi
deempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
es
l
i
keappoi
ntmentofmi
nist
ersbasi
ngonequal
oppor
tuni
ti
es.

 Thegov
ernmenthasal
soencour
agedwoment
ojoi
nUWESOandFI
DAassomeoft
he
mai
nor
gani
zat
ionsi
nthecount
rywhi
chcanf
ightf
orwomen’
sri
ght
s.

 I
nthehi
gheri
nst
it
uti
onsofl
ear
ning l
i
keMaker
ereand Ky
ambogo Uni
ver
sit
y,t
he
gov
ernmenthasof
fer
edequalsponsor
shi
pofpr
ofessi
onalcour
sest
obot
hgi
rl
sand
boy
swhoqual
i
fy.

WHATSTEPSHASTHECHURCHI
NUGANDATAKENTOI
MPROVETHESTATUSOF
WOMAN?

 The chur
ch or
dai
ned women as pr
iest
s,r
ever
ends and past
orsi
nthe Angl
i
can,
Pent
ecost
alchur
ches.

 Readi
ngoft
hechur
chscr
ipt
uresi
sdonet
odaybybot
hmenandwomen.

 Thechur
chhassetupwomenempower
mentpr
oject
sli
kesendacow.

 I
thasor
gani
zedconf
erences/semi
nar
sai
medatequi
ppi
ngwomenwi
thknowl
edge
andski
l
lsi
nsomear
easl
i
keweav
ing.

 Chur
chl
eader
shi
pisgi
vent
owoment
odayl
i
kePast
orI
mel
daNamut
ebiwhoheads
Li
ber
tyWor
shi
pCent
re.
`
 Thechur
chhasopenedupschool
sforgi
rl
sli
keNamagungaGi
rl
sS.
S.S.

 Womenpr
eacher
s/cat
echi
stsar
eal
soencour
agedi
nthechur
ch.

 Woment
hroughchur
chhav
efor
medassoci
ati
onsl
i
keMot
her
sUni
onwhi
chgui
de
mar
ri
edwomenonhowt
ohandl
ethei
rfami
l
yaf
fai
rs.

 Thechur
chhasal
l
owedwoment
omaket
hei
rownmar
ri
agechoi
ces.

 Womenandmenat
tendt
hesamechur
chser
vicesi
ndi
cat
ingwomenar
eequal
l
yval
ued
l
i
kemen.

 I
nthecat
hol
i
cchur
chesbot
hgi
rl
sandboy
sar
eal
l
owedt
obeusher
s.

 Thechur
chchoi
rsar
etodaycomposedofbot
hmenandwomen.

 Monogamyhasbeenencour
agedbyt
hechur
ch.

 Al
lsacr
ament
sespeci
all
yint
hepr
otest
antchur
chesar
egi
vent
obot
hmenandwomen.

THEI
MPACTOFWOMENLI
BERATI
ONMOVEMENT(
SUCCESSES)

 Thesemov
ement
shav
ehel
pedt
oreduceont
her
ateofsexabuseandhar
assment
car
ri
edoutt
owar
dst
hewomenbymenl
i
ker
apeanddef
il
ement
.

 Mostwomenhav
ebeenabl
etoj
oinpol
i
ticsandev
enhav
eacqui
redbi
gpol
i
ticalpost
s.
Forex
ampl
ethespeakerofUgandaRebeccaKadagai
sawoman.

 I
thashel
pedt
hegi
rlchi
l
dtoacqui
rehi
gheducat
ion. Thi
shasbeenpr
omot
edby
gi
vi
ng1.
5poi
ntst
ogi
rl
swhenj
oini
nghi
ghereducat
ioni
nuni
ver
sit
iesandcol
l
eges.

 Fami
l
yincomehasi
mpr
ovedi
nsomef
ami
l
ieswher
ewef
indbot
hmenandwomen
wor
kingandear
nsar
easonabl
eincome.

 Womenl
i
ber
ati
onmov
ement
sinsomecasehav
esr
esul
tedi
ntowomenassi
sti
ngt
hei
r
husbandst
opayschoolf
eesandot
herr
equi
rement
sforsomechi
l
drenandal
sobuy
basi
cnecessi
ti
es.

 Di
vor
cehasr
educed. Thi
sisbecausement
heseday
sfeart
ochaseawayt
hei
rwi
ves
anywayf
orf
earofbei
ngr
epor
tedi
nor
gani
zat
ionsl
i
keFI
DA.

 Thewomenl
i
ber
ati
onmov
ement
shav
epr
omot
edf
reedom ofspeechandassoci
ati
on
t
othewomenbot
hathomeandi
npubl
i
c. Theynowengagei
npubl
i
cdebat
eswi
th
menf
reel
y.
`
 Thegov
ernmenthasbenef
it
edmuchf
rom t
hewomenwor
kingcl
ass.Thi
shasbeen
benef
ici
alt
othegov
ernmentt
hrought
axi
ngt
hem.

 Thewomenst
ruggl
eshav
ehel
pedt
oreduceont
hepr
obl
em ofear
lymar
ri
ages. FI
DA
cannodealwi
thpar
ent
swhopusht
hei
ryoungdaught
ersi
ntomar
ri
agecl
aimi
ngt
hat
t
heyhav
enoschool
feesf
ort
hem.

 Thewomennow hav
eanoppor
tuni
tyev
ent
oengagei
nrel
i
giousaf
fai
rsbecauseof
bei
nggr
ant
edequaloppor
tuni
ti
esl
i
kemen.Forexampl
ewehav
ewomenpast
orsl
i
ke
Past
orI
mel
daNamut
ebi
evenheadi
ngaper
sonal
chur
chcal
l
edLi
ber
tywor
shi
pcent
re.

 I
thashel
pedt
ochanget
hemi
ndsofmenorhusbandswhonowl
ookatwomenasco-
par
tner
snotassub-
ordi
nat
es.

 The women l
i
ber
ati
on st
ruggl
eshav
e enabl
ed so manywomen t
o own per
sonal
pr
oper
tyl
i
kel
andandcar
s.

 I
nsomeway
,thewomenoft
odayar
enow f
reet
oinher
itpr
oper
tyoft
hei
rhusband
r
elat
ivesbecauseoft
hei
ncr
easeddemandf
ort
hei
requal
right
sli
kemen.

DI
SCUSSTHEFAI
LURES/
DEMERI
TSOFTHEWOMENLI
BERATI
ONSTRUGGLES

 Di
vor
ceandsepar
ati
oni
sst
il
lcar
ri
edoutonwomen.

 Ther
eisr
ampantv
iol
enceandi
nti
midat
ion.Thati
stosay
,domest
icv
iol
enceespeci
all
y
i
nther
ural
areasi
sst
il
lpr
act
icedandwomenar
eabused,
bar
kedatandt
hreat
ened.

 Themenhav
eadopt
edt
hebehav
iorofext
ra-
mar
it
alsexbecauseoft
henumberunf
air
t
reat
mentt
owar
dst
hei
rwi
ves.

 Thewomenar
est
il
lregar
dedassexualmachi
nes. Thi
sisbecausemaj
ori
tyoft
he
pr
ost
it
utesar
ewomenandt
heyar
eboughtbymenf
orsexual
sat
isf
act
ion.

 Unt
ilt
odayt
hewomenar
eregar
dedasi
nfer
iorbef
oremen. Thi
smakest
hem t
oal
so
t
hinkt
hatt
heyar
eani
nfer
iorsexhencebei
ngdomi
nat
edbymen. Thi
siswhyt
heydo
notmar
rybutgetmar
ri
ed.

 Pol
ygamyi
sst
il
lcar
ri
edoutonwomenespeci
all
yint
heMusl
i
m communi
tyandpur
ely
t
radi
ti
onal
soci
eti
es. Thi
siswhent
hemanhasmor
ethanonewi
fei
nahome.

 Themenhav
edeni
edt
hewomenasubst
ant
ialshar
einchur
chl
eader
shi
pinUganda.
`
Thi
sisbecauseami
dstt
hehi
gherpopul
ati
on ofwomen,t
henumberofwomen,
bi
shopsandr
ever
endsi
ssmal
l
.

 Dur
ing sexuali
nter
cour
se,women ar
e al
way
s putbel
ow.Thi
sis common t
oday
becausewoment
akeov
ert
hatposi
ti
onbef
oret
heyar
etol
dsi
ncei
t’
sthet
radi
ti
onal
met
hodknownt
othem.

 Ther
ear
est
il
ltheev
il
sofr
apeanddef
il
ementagai
nstwomen. Ther
efor
esexual
har
assmentamongt
hewomeni
sst
il
lpr
omi
nenti
noursoci
eti
es.

 Ev
ent
oday
,inr
uralandpubl
i
cpl
aceswomencont
inueoccupy
ingt
heki
tchenast
hei
r
bestof
fi
ce.Forexampl
ewoment
odaydomi
nat
ehot
elsandspeci
fi
cal
l
ythecooki
ng
sect
ion;
theyar
eal
sobarmai
dsorat
tachment
s.

 Ther
ear
ehi
ghchancesofconf
li
ctsmani
fest
edt
hroughf
ight
sbet
weenmenand
womeni
nst
eadofl
i
vinghappyandhar
moni
ousl
i
ves.

THEBI
BLI
CALVI
EW ONPOSI
TIONOFWOMENI
NTHESOCI
ETY

 Thebi
blebasesoni
tsar
gumentont
heequal
i
tiesofsexest
othest
oryofcr
eat
ionand
t
her
olepl
ayedbywomendur
ingt
hemi
nist
ryofJesusandi
ntheear
lychur
ch.

 Thebi
bleemphasi
zest
heequal
i
tyofmenandwomenbecausebot
hwer
ecr
eat
edi
n
God’
simaget
her
efor
etheyshoul
dhav
eequal
oppor
tuni
ti
es.

 Accor
dingt
oGenesi
s2:
18-
19,awomanwascr
eat
edt
ocompl
ementmanandgi
ve
Cr
imeCompanywi
thouthermanwasi
ncompl
ete.

 Thebi
bler
ecor
dswomenwhower
ecour
ageousandact
edwhenmenhadf
ail
ed,t
hey
pl
ayedoni
mpor
tantr
olei
nsust
aini
ngt
heI
sraelcommuni
ty.Forexampl
eEst
herand
Debor
ah.

 Ki
ngSol
omoni
npr
over
bs23:
22-
25hesai
dthatf
atherandmot
herar
eequalpar
tner
sin
r
isi
ngchi
l
drenandt
hei
rwor
kispr
aised.

 I
ntheNew Test
amentJesusr
ecogni
zedt
heposi
ti
onandst
atusofwomen. I
n
addi
ti
ont
othe12di
sci
plest
her
ewer
eal
way
swomeni
ncompanyofJesus(
Luke3:
1-3)

 I
nMar
k14:
3-9i
twast
hewomanwhoanoi
ntedJesusbef
orehewasbet
ray
edJesus
appr
eci
atedheract
ionandf
orgav
ehersi
ns.

 Womenwer
egi
venapr
ivi
l
egei
nthesal
vat
ionofmanki
ndasi
twasawomanwhof
ir
st
`
r
ecei
vedt
hegoodnewsofJesus’r
esur
rect
ion(
Luke1:
39-
45)andMar
ythemot
herof
Jesusgav
ebi
rt
htoasav
iorwi
thouti
nter
vent
ionofman.

 Af
tert
her
esur
rect
ionofJesushef
ir
stappear
edt
owomenandt
hosewer
ethef
ir
st
apost
lesofgoodnew.

 Someoft
hewomenl
i
keMar
yofJohnMar
ksur
render
edt
hei
rhouset
obeusedasa
pl
aceofwor
shi
pint
heear
lychur
ch(
Act
s9:
36-
42)

 Dur
inghi
smi
nist
ryJesusnev
erdi
scr
imi
nat
edagai
nstwomen. Hehadf
ri
endsl
i
ke
Mar
yandMar
thawhower
esi
ster
sofLazar
us(
John11:
1ff
)

FAMI
LYLI
FE

Af
ami
l
yisabasi
chumancommuni
tyi
nwhi
chi
ndi
vi
dual
sar
enur
tur
edandent
it
ledt
oa
ser
iesofr
ight
sandpr
ivi
l
egesasdef
inedandpr
otect
edbyt
hel
awsoft
hest
ate.

I
not
herwor
ds,
afami
l
yisanor
gani
zedhumancommuni
tyboundbymut
ual
andpr
oper
upbr
ingi
ngofchi
l
dren.

I
tcanal
someant
hebasi
cuni
toft
hesoci
etywher
ewef
indaf
ather
,mot
herand
chi
l
drenandsomet
imescl
oser
elat
ives.

UNdef
inest
hef
ami
l
yast
hef
undament
algr
ouporuni
tofasoci
etyandi
sent
it
ledt
o
pr
otect
ionbyt
hest
ate.

TYPESOFFAMI
LY

1.Nucl
earf
ami
l
y

2.Ext
endedf
ami
l
y

3.Mat
ri
-l
ocal
fami
l
y

4.Pat
ri
-l
ocal
fami
l
y

5.Fost
erf
ami
l
y

6.I
nst
it
uti
onal
fami
l
y

RI
GHTSOFAFAMI
LYI
NMODERNSTATE

 Member
soft
hef
ami
l
yhav
ear
ightt
odeci
deont
heki
ndofeducat
iont
oof
fert
othei
r
chi
l
dren.

 Thef
ami
l
ymember
shav
ear
ightt
oenj
oyagoodst
andar
dofheal
thcar
e. I
nthi
sI
`
meant
hegov
ernmentshoul
dpr
ovi
dest
andar
dheal
thcar
euni
tsl
i
keMul
agoand
di
str
ictr
efer
ral
hospi
tal
s.

 Themember
sofaf
ami
l
yhav
ether
ightt
oenj
oyt
hebenef
it
sofsci
ent
if
icpr
ogr
essi
n
t
hei
rcount
rywi
thunduei
nter
fer
encef
rom t
hest
ateandi
tsor
gans. Suchbenef
it
s
coul
dincl
udei
nter
netser
vicesandcomput
eri
zat
ion.

 I
tist
her
ightoft
hef
ami
l
ymember
stor
ecei
vef
airt
ri
alanddi
spensat
ionofj
ust
ice
wi
thoutbi
asordi
scr
imi
nat
ion. Accor
dingt
otheUgandanconst
it
uti
on,aper
soni
f
suspect
edi
sinnocentunt
ilpr
ovedgui
l
tybyacompet
entcour
tofl
aw.

 Thef
ami
l
yhasar
ightt
oexpectf
airt
axat
ionf
rom t
hegov
ernmentandt
oappeal
agai
nstunf
airt
axes. Thi
siswhymanyt
imespeopl
ecomeupandopposet
hehi
gh
t
axeschar
gedt
othem especi
all
ythosei
nKampal
aar
cadeschar
gedbyKampal
aci
ty
counci
laut
hor
it
y.

 Accor
dingt
othear
ti
cle161oft
heUni
tedNat
ionschar
teramanandwomanoff
ullage
hav
ear
ightt
omar
ryandmakeaf
ami
l
y. TheUni
tedNat
ionschar
terar
ti
cle231st
ates
t
hatmenandwomenhav
ear
ightt
oadescentst
andar
dofl
i
vingadequat
efort
hei
r
heal
thandwel
l
-bei
ng. Howev
erduet
opopul
ati
onpr
essur
e,manypeopl
ehav
eended
upst
ayi
ngi
nsl
ums.Forexampl
eli
kei
nKi
seny
iinKampal
a.

 Ful
l
ygr
ownadul
tshav
ear
ightt
oexer
ciset
hei
rnat
uralobl
i
gat
iont
orepr
oduceand
bearasmanychi
l
drenast
heywi
sh.Howev
er,i
ncount
ri
esl
i
kechi
na,t
her
eisal
i
mit
ed
numberofchi
l
drent
opr
oduce.

 I
nthemoder
nst
ateaf
ami
l
yisent
it
ledt
opr
otect
ionbyt
hest
atef
rom obst
acl
essuch
asf
loods,
fami
neandwar
.

 I
namoder
nsoci
etyt
hef
ami
l
yhasar
ightt
oownasmuchpr
oper
tyast
heydesi
reand
t
her
eshoul
dn’
tbeal
egi
slat
iont
oli
mitt
heamountofweal
tht
heycanacqui
re. Thi
sis
whypeopl
eli
keWav
amunoandSudhi
rhav
eaconsor
ti
um ofbusi
ness.

 Member
soft
hef
ami
l
yhav
ear
ightt
oexer
cisef
reedom ofwor
shi
pandconsci
enceand
nor
eli
giousbel
i
efsshoul
dbei
mposedov
ert
hem. Peopl
einsout
her
nSudanhav
e
beencoer
cedt
otakeupI
slam ast
heonl
ytr
uer
eli
gion.

 Themoder
nst
ateshoul
dof
fert
hef
ami
l
yfr
eedom t
oexpr
esst
hei
ropi
nionsi
npubl
i
c
andassoci
atewi
thoneanot
herf
reel
y.
`
 Af
ami
l
yshoul
denj
oyr
ight
stosaysomet
hingespeci
all
yingov
ernmentf
ort
hewel
l
-
bei
ngoft
hei
rcount
ry.Forexampl
eengagi
ngi
nvot
ingel
ect
ions.

 Member
soft
hef
ami
l
yhav
ether
ightt
ohav
ethei
rhonourr
espect
edandf
ami
l
ydi
gni
ty
r
ecogni
zedi
nUgandat
heedi
torof“
Ugandaconf
ident
ial
”hasbeensuedsev
eralt
imes
f
orpubl
i
shi
ng ar
ti
cles at
tacki
ng per
sons l
i
ke JanetMusev
eni
,Wav
amuno and
Madhv
ani
.

DUTI
ESOFAFAMI
LYI
NAMODERNSTATE

Al
thought
hemember
soft
hef
ami
l
yhav
emanyr
ight
sthatmustbepr
otect
edbyt
he
l
aw/gov
ernment
,theyal
sohav
emanyr
esponsi
bil
i
tiest
heydoper
for
mfort
hewel
l-
bei
ngoft
hest
atesuchas;

 I
tist
hedut
yoft
hemember
soft
hef
ami
l
ytocont
ri
but
etot
hecommongoodoft
he
soci
etyt
hroughpay
ingt
axesandpar
ti
cipat
ingi
nsel
f-
hel
ppr
oject
.Inf
acti
nBuganda,
t
heki
ngandhi
smi
nist
eri
nchar
geof“
bul
ungibwansi
”hav
econt
inuedt
oencour
age
peopl
etodot
hewor
kofsel
f-
hel
ppr
oject
.

 Thef
ami
l
yhasadut
ytopr
omot
ehar
monyandpol
i
ticalst
abi
l
ityi
nthesoci
etyby
av
oidi
ngengagi
ngi
ncr
imi
nal
act
s.Forexampl
ethef
t,ci
vi
lwar
sandmanyot
her
s

 Themember
soft
hef
ami
l
yar
ecal
l
edupont
oco-
oper
atewi
thl
awenf
orcementor
gans
i
n or
dert
o cr
ackdown el
ement
sint
hesoci
ety
. Fori
nst
ance,t
hegov
ernment
managedcutof
ftheal
l
ieddef
ensef
orcesf
rom t
heRwenzor
ihi
l
lsbecauseoft
he
act
ivesuppor
toft
hepeopl
ether
e.

 Themember
soft
hef
ami
l
yhav
eadut
ytoobeyal
lthel
awsoft
hest
ateandt
oref
rai
n
f
rom anycr
imi
nal
tendenci
eswhi
chmaycauseabr
eachofpubl
i
cpeace. Fori
nst
ance
i
nUganda,womenwhoweart
ightmi
ni-ski
rt
smaybechar
gedf
ori
dolanddi
sor
der
ly
becausesuchat
ti
remaybemor
all
ycor
rupt
ing.

 I
tist
hedut
yoft
hehousehol
dtoensur
ethatt
hei
ryoungonesar
eexposedt
otheki
nd
ofeducat
ionwhi
chi
mpar
tsgoodmor
alv
aluesandat
ti
tude.Forexampl
ehonest
y,
ki
ndness,t
rust
wor
thyandr
espect
.Act
ual
l
y,i
nUganda,apar
entwhof
ail
stot
akea
chi
l
dtoschool
maybepr
osecut
ed.

 Fami
l
ymember
sar
ecal
l
edupont
owor
khar
dtoupl
i
ftt
hei
rownwel
far
easwel
lasl
ead
t
othedev
elopmentoft
hear
eawher
etheyst
ay.
`
 I
t’
sal
sot
hedut
yoft
hef
ami
l
ymember
stor
espectt
hesy
mbol
sofnat
ional
signi
fi
cance.
Thati
stosay
,tohav
easenseofpat
ri
oti
sm. Fori
nst
ancei
nUganda,whent
he
nat
ional
flagi
sbei
nghoi
stedev
ery
onei
sexpect
edt
ost
andat
tent
ivel
y.

 Member
soft
hef
ami
l
yar
eundert
heobl
i
gat
iont
oser
vei
nthemi
l
itar
yfort
hedef
ense
oft
hei
rnat
ion. Forexampl
einRussi
aorI
srael
,al
lpeopl
ewhor
each18y
ear
sar
e
expect
edt
oser
vei
nthear
myandt
hismaybef
orupt
o5y
ear
s.

 I
tist
hedut
yoft
hemember
soft
hef
ami
l
ytopar
ti
cipat
eint
hepol
i
ticsoft
hei
rcount
ry
byv
oici
ngt
hei
ropi
nionsast
ohow t
heydesi
ret
obegov
erned.I
not
herwor
dst
hey
hav
ethef
reedom oft
hef
ranchi
se.

 I
tissi
mil
arl
ythedut
yoft
hemember
soft
hef
ami
l
ytokeepi
nfor
med. Theyneedt
o
keept
rackofwhat
’sgoi
ngoni
nthewor
ldar
oundt
hem.Thi
scoul
dincl
udeknowi
ngt
he
wor
ldpol
i
tical
,soci
al/
rel
i
giousandeconomi
cact
ivi
ti
esgongoni
ndi
ff
erentpar
tsoft
he
wor
ld.

DUTI
ESOFTHESTATETOTHEFAMI
LY

Thest
atehasanumberofobl
i
gat
ionst
oper
for
mtoensur
ethewel
l-bei
ngoft
he
member
soft
hef
ami
l
y. Suchst
ateobl
i
gat
ionsi
ncl
ude;

 Thest
atehast
orespectt
hef
undament
alr
ight
soft
hemember
soft
hef
ami
l
y.For
exampl
ein2003anumberofBaki
gapeasant
scampedatt
hepar
li
amentseeki
ngt
he
gov
ernmentt
otakeact
ionagai
nstt
hef
ewr
ichl
andl
ordswhohadt
hrownt
hem of
fthei
r
l
and.

 The gov
ernmenthas a dut
yto pr
otecti
ts peopl
e agai
nstal
lact
s oft
hef
tand
l
awl
essness.Thi
scoul
dbedonet
hroughpr
ovi
dingr
eli
abl
esecur
it
yli
keoper
ati
on
Wembul
eofcol
onel
Kay
anj
awasdoi
ng.

 Thest
atei
sobl
i
gat
edt
opr
omot
efami
l
yst
abi
l
itybypuni
shi
ngcr
uelandi
rr
esponsi
ble
v
iol
encepar
tner
saswel
lashandl
i
ngcasesofdomest
icv
iol
ence.Forexampl
e,At
uhi
re
waspuni
shedf
ormi
str
eat
ingt
heki
dandal
sot
hest
epmot
herofNabukeer
aAi
shawas
t
ri
edbyt
hegov
ernmentf
ormi
str
eat
ingt
heki
d.

 Thest
atei
sexpect
edt
oref
rai
nfr
om compel
l
ingi
tsci
ti
zenst
ounder
gocer
tai
nbi
rt
h
cont
rolmeasur
es. Fori
nst
ancei
nchi
na,t
hecoupl
eisexpect
edt
obearonechi
l
dor
el
sest
if
fmonet
arychar
gesar
eimposedt
othef
ami
l
y.
`
 Thest
atei
scal
l
edupont
ogi
veconsi
der
ati
ont
ospeci
ali
nter
estgr
oupsandmi
nor
it
ies
t
oensur
ethatt
heyar
efai
rl
ycat
eredf
or.Fori
nst
ancei
nUganda,t
hegov
ernment
deci
dedt
oawar
d1.
5poi
ntst
oal
lfemal
ecandi
dat
esatadv
ancedl
evelt
oboastt
hei
r
chancesofhi
ghereducat
ioni
nter
ti
aryl
evel
.

 Thegov
ernmenti
scal
l
edupont
obeconsi
der
ateandr
eal
i
sti
cwhi
l
edet
ermi
ningt
he
t
axeschar
gedupont
hei
rfami
l
ymember
ssoasnott
otot
all
yaf
fectt
hei
rst
andar
dsof
l
i
ving.Forexampl
ethef
ormerpr
esi
dentofUni
tedSt
atesGeor
geBushonet
ime
pr
omi
sedt
hathewasgoi
ngt
ocutt
het
axbur
dent
owar
dshi
sci
ti
zenst
oenabl
emor
e
Amer
icansl
i
vebet
terl
i
vesandt
heydi
dso.

 Thest
atehasadut
ytopassl
egi
slat
ionwhi
char
einl
i
newi
thpeopl
e’
swi
shesi
nor
der
t
oav
oidcol
l
usi
ons. Fori
nst
ancei
nUgandar
ecent
lyt
hemar
ri
agebi
l
l
br
oughti
nthepar
li
amentcausedmi
xedf
eel
i
ngsbet
weenChr
ist
iansandMosl
ems.

 I
tist
he dut
yoft
he gov
ernmentt
oregul
ate and ov
ersee t
he ki
nd ofeducat
ion
cur
ri
cul
um exposedt
oit
sci
ti
zenssoasi
tbenef
it
sthechi
l
drenandt
hecount
ryatl
arge.
Thi
siswhyt
hemi
nist
ryfeducat
ionandspor
tsusual
l
ypubl
i
shesay
ear
lycal
endart
o
bef
oll
owedbal
ltheeducat
ioni
nst
it
uti
ons.

 I
t’
sthemandat
eoft
hest
atet
ocat
erf
ort
hegener
alwel
lbei
ngofal
ltheci
ti
zensand
ensur
ing t
hatt
heyar
e notl
acki
ng ser
vicesl
i
ke medi
cal
,impr
oved t
ranspor
tand
communi
cat
ionnet
wor
kandwat
ersuppl
y.

 I
n dev
eloped count
ri
es,t
he st
ate ….
itupon i
tsel
fto pr
ovi
deenough empl
oyment
oppor
tuni
ti
est
oreasonabl
eespeci
all
ythosewhohav
egonear
easonabl
elev
elof
educat
ionl
i
kedegr
eeandMast
ersDegr
ee.

 Thegov
ernmenthasadut
ytoi
nfor
mit
sci
ti
zensaboutt
hebur
ningi
ssuesont
he
nat
ionalandgl
oball
evel
. Thi
sismai
nlyi
nthear
easofheal
thcar
eli
keout
breakof
HI
V/AI
DSandEbol
aort
yphoi
dinKampal
a.

CASESOFCHANGESOFFAMI
LYLI
FEI
NTHEPRESENTSI
TUATI
ON

 Fami
l
yli
fei
nthepr
esentsi
tuat
ioni
stakent
obeopt
ionalduet
omanydi
ff
erentpeopl
e
wi
thdi
ff
erentst
rat
egi
es.Thati
stosay
,somear
eat
tachedt
other
eli
giont
husi
gnor
ing
i
twhi
l
e ot
her
s ar
e af
fect
ed bymoneyt
hus r
emai
ning unmar
ri
ed (
bachel
ors and
spi
nst
ers)
.
`
 I
npr
esentsi
tuat
ion,
fami
l
yli
fei
schar
act
eri
zedwi
thhi
ghr
ateoff
ami
l
ycont
rol
met
hods
suchast
heuseofcondomsandpi
l
lst
ocont
rol
unwant
edpr
egnancy
.

 Fami
l
iest
odayar
ebot
hnucl
earandext
endedi
nnat
urewhi
chwasn’
tthecaseI
n
Af
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
etywher
etheypr
efer
redext
endedf
ami
l
ies.

 Manyf
ami
l
iest
odayar
emonogamousi
nnat
ure.Thi
sismost
lyi
ntheur
banar
eas
wher
ethe f
inanci
alf
act
ormaybe a bi
g hi
ndr
ance t
o managi
ng a l
arge f
ami
l
y
compr
isi
ngofr
elat
ivesandf
ri
ends.

 I
nthepr
esentsi
tuat
ionf
ami
l
iesar
elar
gel
ychar
act
eri
zedbyi
nter
mar
ri
ages.Uganda
hasmanyt
ri
besspeaki
ngdi
ff
erentl
anguages(
het
erogeneousnat
ion)andt
hishas
pr
omot
edi
nter
mar
ri
ages.

 I
nthepr
esentsi
tuat
ion,di
vor
cecasesr
esocommonamonghusbandsandwi
ves
becauseofhav
ingdi
ff
erentpol
i
tical
ideol
ogi
esanddi
ff
erencei
nrel
i
gion.

 Thef
ami
l
iesoft
hepr
esentsi
tuat
ionhav
econt
inuedt
oexi
sti
nmanyar
easbef
oreev
en
amanpay
sinbr
ideweal
tht
othegi
rl
’sf
ami
l
y.Thi
shasl
edt
ohi
ghdecl
i
nei
nthe
cul
tur
all
awsandv
alues.

 Vi
rgi
nit
yoft
hegi
rl
swhi
chwashi
ghl
yrespect
edI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyi
sno
l
ongerl
ookedatwi
thgr
eatv
alue. I
tsnowbeaut
ythatmostmendependon.

 Sexeducat
ionhasbeeni
gnor
edt
oal
argerext
entandpar
ent
sinst
eadhi
reexper
iences
aunt
stocounsel
sthei
rdaught
erbef
oreanddur
ingt
hemar
ri
agepr
epar
ati
ons.

 Fami
l
iesoft
odayar
enotchi
l
drenor
ient
ed. Youev
enf
indav
eryr
ichf
ami
l
ywhi
chhas
st
uckononl
yfourchi
l
dren.

 I
nthepr
esentsi
tuat
ion,
afami
l
ycanbeheadedbyei
therawomanoramanwhi
chdi
d
notexi
stI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
.

CHANGI
NGFAMI
LYLI
FEPARTNERSTODAY

 Unl
i
kei
ntheAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,ther
eisani
ncr
easi
ngnumberofunmar
ri
ed
peopl
einf
ami
l
iesi
nfor
m ofspi
nst
ersandbachel
orswhi
chwasnev
eraccept
edI
n
Af
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
.Thi
siscr
eat
edbyeconomi
char
dshi
psaswel
last
hef
act
or
ofper
missi
venesssi
ncemar
ri
agei
sopt
ional
today
.

 Today
,ther
eisi
ncr
easi
ngcasesoff
ami
l
yconf
li
ctsunl
i
keI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
andt
hisi
smai
nlyasar
esul
tofwomenl
i
ber
ati
on,
for
maleducat
ionandt
hei
ncr
easi
ng
`
economi
char
dshi
psi
nthemoder
nsoci
ety
.

 UnI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,todayt
her
ear
efemal
eheadedf
ami
l
iesandt
hisi
sdue
t
oeconomi
char
dshi
ps,
womenl
i
ber
ati
ont
hatpr
ovedwayf
orsugarmummi
es.

 Unl
i
keI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyi
nter
mar
ri
agesont
hebasi
soft
ri
alandi
nter
-
domi
nat
ion mar
ri
ages ar
e common and accept
abl
e due t
o west
ern educat
ion,
i
nfl
uenceofChr
ist
iani
tyandmanyot
her
s

 Unl
i
ke I
n Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywher
ethe pr
oduct
ion ofmanychi
l
dren was
r
egar
dedv
eryi
mpor
tant
,todayduet
oeconomi
char
dshi
ps,
for
maleducat
ionandmany
ot
her
s.Ther
eishi
ghdesi
ref
orf
ew chi
l
drent
otheext
entofusi
ngf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng
met
hods.

 Unl
i
keI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etypar
ent
sandel
der
schoosemar
ri
agepar
tner
sfor
t
hey
oungchi
l
drenwhi
l
etodayt
her
eisf
reedom t
omar
ryandwhom nott
omar
ry
dependi
ngonone’
sint
erest
sandl
ove.

 Unl
i
keI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyt
her
ewascommunalshar
ingamongt
hef
ami
l
yand
ot
hercommuni
tymember
s,t
odayt
her
eishi
ghl
evelofsel
fi
shnessamongf
ami
l
y
member
sandt
hisi
sduet
owest
erncul
tur
e.

 Unl
i
keI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyf
ami
l
ieswher
ether
ewer
est
ri
ctl
awsf
orhusband
andwi
vesaswel
laschi
l
dren,t
odayal
lmember
scr
ossi
nal
lact
ivi
ti
es.Forexampl
ein
somef
ami
l
ies,
husbandscookwhi
chwasi
mpossi
blei
nAf
ri
canf
ami
l
ies.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,car
ewasgi
vent
othel
esspr
ivi
l
egedl
i
keor
phans,
widows
anddi
sabl
edpeopl
eunl
i
ket
odaywher
elesscar
eisgi
vent
osuchpeopl
eduet
o
economi
char
dshi
ps.

 Today
,ther
ear
ecasesofi
mmor
algener
alamongchi
l
drenaswomenspendl
i
ttl
eti
me
wi
tht
hei
rchi
l
dreny
ett
heyar
esour
ceofmor
alst
othechi
l
drenandt
hef
ami
l
yatl
arge.

 Todaymostchi
l
drengr
owwi
thoutknowi
ngal
lthei
rrel
ati
vesespeci
all
ythosei
nur
ban
ar
easandt
hosei
nboar
dingschool
sunl
i
keI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywher
epar
ent
s
i
ntr
oducedt
hei
rchi
l
drent
oal
lmember
soft
hef
ami
l
yorcl
an.

 Today
,thel
i
vingdeadar
enoti
nthef
ami
l
yunl
i
kei
ntheAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etysi
nce
t
heywer
eexpect
edt
ovi
sitt
hem andbl
esst
hem orpuni
sht
hem dependi
ngont
he
r
elat
ionshi
pthatexi
sted.
`
 Today
,thepr
act
iceofpol
ygamyi
sbecomi
ngunf
ashi
onabl
eduet
oli
tt
lev
alueat
tached
t
oitbecauseoff
ormal
educat
ionandeconomi
char
dshi
p.

 Unl
i
ke I
n Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,today homosexualmar
ri
ages ar
e gai
ning
pr
omi
nenceespeci
all
yinSout
hAf
ri
cawher
ethepr
act
icei
slegal
i
zed. I
tisi
mpor
tant
t
onot
ethatsout
hAf
ri
cai
sthef
ir
stcount
ryi
ntheAf
ri
cancont
inentt
olegal
i
zeGay
(
legal
i
zedi
nNov2006)

CAUSESOFCHANGESOFFAMI
LYPARTNERSTODAY

 Per
missi
venesst
odaywher
epeopl
ehav
efr
eedom t
omar
ryornotandt
odet
ermi
net
he
numberofchi
l
drenonewoul
dwi
sht
opr
oducewhi
chwasn’
tthecaseI
nAf
ri
can
t
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
.

 For
maleducat
ion whi
ch hasunder
mined t
hev
aluesat
tached t
o pr
oduci
ng many
chi
l
drenaswel
laspol
ygamy
.

 Womenemanci
pat
ion/
li
ber
ati
onmov
ementwhi
chhasl
edsomewoment
ounder
mine
mar
ri
ageandl
i
vesi
ngl
eli
veswhi
chwasn’
ttol
erat
edI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
.

 Ur
bani
zat
iont
odayhasunder
minedt
hepr
act
iceofpol
ygamyandpr
oduct
ionofmany
chi
l
dren.

 Theeconomi
char
dshi
pst
odayhav
emadei
thar
dtopr
act
icepol
ygamyandhav
emany
chi
l
dren.

 Theexi
stenceofAI
DShasunder
minedt
hepr
act
iceofwi
dow i
nher
it
ancesi
ncei
tis
r
egar
dedasaf
orm ofadul
ter
y.

 Rur
al-
urbanmi
grat
ionduet
oseeki
ngempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
esi
nur
banar
eashas
pav
edwayf
ori
nter
mar
ri
ageswhi
chwasnotappr
eci
atedI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
.

 Themucht
reasur
edchi
l
dren’
sri
ght
shasr
esul
tedi
ntoi
ndi
sci
pli
neamongchi
l
dren
si
ncet
oday
,ev
erymemberoft
hecommuni
tyi
sal
l
owedt
opuni
shachi
l
dfoundi
na
wr
ongasi
twasI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
.

 Moder
nizat
iont
odayhasr
esul
tedi
ntobr
eakdowni
ncul
tur
alt
iest
otheext
entt
hat
somechi
l
dreni
ntheur
banar
easgr
owupwi
thoutknowi
ngt
hei
rrel
ati
vesi
not
herar
eas.

 Theper
sist
enceofhumanr
ight
shasl
edt
olegal
i
zinggaymar
ri
ageespeci
all
yinSout
h
Af
ri
ca.Thi
sisal
sor
elat
edt
oincest
uousmar
ri
ageswhi
char
egai
ningpr
omi
nence
t
oday
. Al
lthesei
mmor
albehav
iour
swer
eunhear
dofI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
.
`
 Fai
l
uret
oinv
olv
epar
ent
sinchoosi
ngmar
ri
agepar
tnercoupl
edwi
thr
eli
gioussect
s
hav
eencour
agedt
hepr
act
iceofi
ncest
uousmar
ri
agewhi
chwer
enev
ert
oler
atedI
n
Af
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
.

 Asar
esul
tofeconomi
cempower
mentandt
echnol
ogi
caladv
ancement
s,t
hespi
ri
tof
uni
tyi
sdy
ingouti
nmostf
ami
l
iesaspeopl
ecansol
vet
hei
rownpr
obl
emsusi
ng
moder
ntechnol
ogywi
thoutr
efer
enceofot
hermember
soft
hesoci
ety
. Uni
tybr
eak
downi
sal
socausedeconomi
cdemandst
hathav
ecausedconf
li
ctsamongf
ami
l
y
member
sandt
hesoci
etyatl
arge.

 West
erni
nfl
uencehasl
edt
oincr
easedl
evel
sofsel
fi
shnessi
nmoder
nfami
l
yunl
i
ke
Af
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywher
ecommunalshar
ingar
etot
heneedyl
i
keor
phans,
wi
dowswer
etakeni
mpor
tant
.

RESPONSI
BLEPARENTHOODTODAY

Thi
sisasi
tuat
ionort
heabi
l
ityofapar
entt
otakecar
eoft
hei
rchi
l
dreni
namor
all
y
upr
ightway
.

 Ar
esponsi
blepar
entmakespr
operpl
anni
ngf
ort
hef
ami
l
y.Thi
smeanst
hathe/
she
shoul
dpr
oducechi
l
drent
hatar
emanageabl
eint
ermsofcar
e.

 Responsi
blepar
ent
hoodt
odaymeanspar
ent
swhoshowl
ovet
othei
rchi
l
drenequal
l
y.
Thi
scanbei
ndi
cat
edt
hrought
aki
ngt
hem t
osi
mil
arschool
sandev
enbuy
ingcl
othes
equal
l
ytoal
l
.

 I
tal
soi
nvol
vesapar
enti
mpar
ti
ngChr
ist
ianv
aluest
othechi
l
dren. Thi
scanbedone
t
hroughgoi
ngwi
tht
hem t
ochur
chf
orpr
ayer
sandt
eachi
ngt
hem how t
oreadand
i
nter
pretbi
bli
cal
scr
ipt
urespl
ussendi
ngt
hem t
oSundayorcat
echi
sm cl
asses.

 Par
ent
stodaybehav
eresponsi
blet
hrough pr
ovi
ding adequat
e educat
ion t
othei
r
chi
l
drensucht
hati
nfut
uret
heygr
owupr
esour
cef
ulper
sonsi
nthesoci
ety
.

 Responsi
blepar
ent
hoodt
odayal
someanext
endi
ngpr
opermor
alsanddi
sci
pli
nei
n
chi
l
drenwhenev
ert
heygowr
ongandal
sor
ewar
dthewel
lbehav
edones.Thati
stosay
,
apar
entmaydeci
det
obuyapai
rofshoesf
ort
hedaught
erandi
gnor
est
heot
her
becauseshemi
sbehav
ed.

 Par
ent
stodayhav
eact
edr
esponsi
blet
otheext
entt
hatt
heyl
ookf
orj
obsf
ort
hei
r
chi
l
drenaf
tert
heyhav
eacqui
redhi
gherl
evel
sofeducat
ionl
i
keadegr
ee.
`
 Responsi
blepar
ent
sal
way
sfi
ghthar
dtodi
scour
aget
hei
rchi
l
drenf
rom t
aki
ngdr
ugs
l
i
kekuber
,ci
gar
ett
es,
alcohol
,cocai
neandmanyot
her
s.

 Responsi
blepar
ent
hoodi
nvol
vesext
endi
ngt
othechi
l
drenknowl
edgeofsoci
aland
cul
tur
alobl
i
gat
ionst
heyhav
etoobser
vei
nli
fe.Forexampl
e,t
heSebeit
eacht
hei
r
chi
l
drent
hatci
rcumci
sioni
spar
toft
hei
rli
fe.

 Responsi
blepar
ent
stodayt
ryt
obegoodexampl
est
othei
rchi
l
drensoast
ocommand
hi
ghr
espectf
rom t
hem. Fori
nst
anceasmocki
ngf
athershoul
dav
oiddoi
ngsoi
nthe
pr
esenceoft
hechi
l
drenl
i
kewi
semot
her
swhoar
egoodatabusi
ngorusi
ngv
ulgar
l
anguagewhi
l
eatt
hei
rwor
king pl
acesl
i
keOwi
no [
St.Bal
i
kuddembe]mar
ketar
e
expect
edt
ocont
rol
thei
rtonguewhi
l
eathomei
nthepr
esenceofchi
l
dren.

 Responsi
blepar
ent
hoodt
odayhasi
nvol
vedsomepar
ent
swor
kinghar
dandsav
ed
moneyandt
heni
nvest
edasapl
anf
orsur
viv
ali
nfut
uref
ort
hei
rol
dageandf
ort
he
chi
l
drenatl
arge.

 Responsi
blepar
ent
stodayar
ethosewhoar
etr
yingt
opr
ovi
desecur
it
ytot
hei
rgi
rlchi
l
d
especi
all
y.Thi
sispar
tl
ydonet
hroughf
enci
ngt
hehomeandal
sol
i
mit
ingt
het
imet
hey
comebackhomei
ntheev
eni
ng.

 Responsi
ble par
ent
hood hasi
nvol
ved t
he par
ent
sgi
vi
ng due r
espectand human
f
reedom t
othei
rchi
l
drensucht
hatt
heyenj
oyl
eisur
epr
ovi
dedt
heyf
oll
owt
hepar
ent
’s
gui
del
i
nes.

 Sexeducat
ionhasbeenext
endedt
otheadol
escent
ssucht
hatt
heygr
owupknowi
ng
t
hei
rrol
esasboy
sandgi
rl
sunder
goi
ngmenst
rat
ioncy
cle.

 Responsi
blepar
ent
hoodt
odayhasi
nvol
vedt
hepar
ent
swr
it
inga“
wil
l
”sucht
hatwhen
t
heydi
ethechi
l
drendonotf
ightov
ert
hepr
oper
tyl
eftbuteachknowswhatt
oshar
e.

 Responsi
blepar
ent
stodayhav
egoneaheadt
ocr
osscheckt
heki
ndoff
il
mst
hei
r
chi
l
drenwat
chathomeandal
sot
ryt
owar
nthechi
l
drenaboutt
hef
ri
endst
heymake.

 Responsi
blepar
ent
shav
etakenani
nit
iat
iveofpr
ovi
dingpr
opermedi
calt
reat
mentt
o
t
hechi
l
drenr
ightf
rom chi
l
dhoodf
orexampl
e,byt
aki
ngt
hem f
orv
acci
nat
ion
`

CAUSESANDCASESOFI
RRESPONSI
BLEPARENTHOOD

Thef
oll
owi
ngar
esomeoft
hecausesofi
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
hood;

 Dr
unkar
dnessanddr
ugabuse.Apar
entwhoi
stakenupi
ntaki
ngal
coholorot
her
dr
ugsl
i
keci
gar
ett
escanbecomei
rr
esponsi
blet
ohi
s/herf
ami
l
ybecausemoneyi
s
spentonbuy
ingal
cohol
.

 Thef
ear
ful
nessandi
gnor
anceofsomepar
ent
stowar
dst
hei
rchi
l
dren.Forpar
ent
s
whof
eelshyt
otal
kaboutsomei
ssueswi
tht
hei
rchi
l
drenl
i
kesexualmat
ter
shav
e
endedupbecomi
ngi
rr
esponsi
blebecauset
heycannotwar
nthei
rchi
l
drenwhent
hey
goast
ray
.

 Pov
ert
ywhi
chi
sonhi
ghi
ncr
easei
nUgandahasmademanypar
ent
sabandont
hei
r
dut
yofdi
sci
pli
ningchi
l
drenathomeandl
eav
eal
lthewor
ktot
hehousegi
rl
s. They
cl
aimt
hatt
heyar
etoobusyatwor
kmostoft
het
ime.

 The l
ow r
eli
gious conv
ict
ion among par
ent
stodayhas cont
inued t
o make t
hem
i
rr
esponsi
ble. Thei
rchi
l
drenev
engr
owupwi
thnopr
operr
eli
gionf
oll
owed.

 Thenegl
ectoft
radi
ti
onalcul
tur
e.I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyt
hepar
ent
stoget
her
wi
tht
hecommuni
tyatl
argewor
kedhandi
ndi
sci
pli
ningoft
hechi
l
drenandt
eachi
ng
t
hem t
hei
rtr
adi
ti
onalcust
oms. Butt
odaypar
ent
shav
enot
imet
oteacht
hei
rchi
l
dren
t
het
radi
ti
onal
cust
oms.

 The ment
aland phy
sicali
ncapaci
tat
ion f
aced by some chi
l
dren has caused
i
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
hood. Somepar
ent
sar
ecal
l
edi
rr
esponsi
blebecauset
heydonot
showcar
eorl
ovet
othechi
l
dreni
nthehomewhoar
ephy
sical
l
ysi
ckl
i
ket
hel
ameand
t
hedeaf
.

 Theuncont
rol
l
edbi
rt
hrat
esar
eleadi
ngt
opr
oduct
ionofmanychi
l
dreni
nthehome
whot
hef
athermi
ghtnotbeabl
etol
ookaf
terpr
oper
ly.

 The exi
stence ofpol
ygamous f
ami
l
ies has made many par
ent
s be t
ermed as
i
rr
esponsi
ble.Theyt
endt
opr
oducemanychi
l
drenwhom t
heycannotl
ookaf
terwel
l
.

 For
cedmar
ri
agesar
epar
toft
hei
ncr
easedcasedofi
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
hood. Wher
e
`
oneoft
hepar
tner
swassi
mpl
yfor
cedi
ntomar
ri
age,i
tiscl
eart
onot
ethatt
heot
her
par
tnermaynotf
ulf
il
lhi
sful
lobl
i
gat
ionsi
nthef
ami
l
y.

 Thef
ami
l
ybackgr
oundcancausei
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
hood. Manypar
ent
sbecome
i
rr
esponsi
blebecauser
ightf
rom wher
etheyar
ebor
n,t
hei
rpar
ent
sar
edi
sor
gani
zedi
n
mat
ter
sofdi
sci
pli
ningchi
l
dren.

 Li
vi
ngassi
ngl
epar
ent
sisanot
hercauseofi
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
hood. Themot
her
mi
ghtnothav
eenought
imet
oeducat
ethechi
l
dov
ermor
almat
ter
s.

DANGERS/
OUTCOMESOFI
RRESPONSI
BLEPARENTHOODI
NTHESOCI
ETY

Thef
oll
owi
ngar
esomeoft
henegat
ivei
mpact
sofi
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
hoodt
oday
;

 Par
ent
swhohav
enotbeenr
esponsi
blet
othei
rchi
l
drenbypay
ingschool
sfeesf
or
t
hem hav
eendedupi
ncr
easi
ngt
henumberofschool
dropout
sandschool
chi
l
dren.

 Di
vor
ceorsepar
ati
onoft
hecoupl
esi
ssocommont
odayduet
olackoff
ait
hful
ness
amongpar
tner
sandt
hisi
sai
nofi
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
s.

 Dr
ugabuseandal
cohol
i
sm hasmadesor
ampantduet
opar
ent
swhof
ailt
olookaf
ter
t
hei
rchi
l
drenandspendmuchoft
hemoneyi
ntaki
ngbeer
s.

 Sexuali
mmor
ali
ti
esi
nvol
vi
ngcasesofi
ncestandadul
ter
yar
ebecomi
ngcommoni
n
oursoci
eti
esbecausesomei
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
shav
enotspar
edsomet
imet
o
educat
ethei
rchi
l
drenaboutt
heev
il
sofsexual
immor
ali
tyl
i
kei
ncest
.

 Ear
lymar
ri
agesandunwant
edpr
egnanci
eswhi
char
ecr
oppi
ngupi
noursoci
etyar
e
par
tl
ycausedbyi
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
swhodonotwantt
oeducat
ethegi
rlchi
l
dorwho
donotof
fersexeducat
iont
othei
rchi
l
dren.

 I
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
hoodhasmadesomepar
ent
stol
oosedi
gni
tyandr
especti
n
soci
ety
. Peopl
edonotr
espectsuchapar
entwhospendsmuchofhi
sti
mei
ndr
inki
ng
butf
orget
ti
ngt
ocat
erf
orhomenecessi
ti
esl
i
kepayschool
sfeesf
ort
hechi
l
dren.

 I
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
hoodhasl
edt
oincr
easedr
ebel
l
iousnessamongchi
l
drent
oday
.
Mostoft
hechi
l
drenwhoar
enot
ori
ousi
noursoci
eti
esl
i
ket
hosewhokeeponf
ight
ing
hearandt
her
eadoptsuchbehav
iour
sbecausepar
ent
sdi
dnotdi
sci
pli
net
hem ata
t
enderage.

 Economi
char
dshi
psandpov
ert
yhasaf
fect
edso manyf
ami
l
iesi
nUgandat
oday
becauset
hepar
ent
sso manyf
ami
l
iesi
nUgandat
odaybecauset
hepar
ent
sar
e
`
i
rr
esponsi
ble.Thati
stosay
,theydonotwor
khar
dtosust
aint
hei
rfami
l
ywel
l
.

 Thei
ncr
easednumberofhi
ghwayr
obber
iesi
sar
esul
tofi
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
s.
Someoft
hem i
fnott
hei
rchi
l
dreni
nvol
vei
nsuchev
ilact
schasi
ngf
orf
oodbutt
hrough
dubi
ousmeans.

 Ther
ear
emanyy
out
hwhoar
eimpr
isonedbei
ngcaughti
nthef
tcasesbecauset
hei
r
par
ent
sdi
dnoteducat
ethem ort
eacht
hem howt
oear
nal
i
vingbymanual
means.

 Hat
redandj
eal
ousness/env
yleadi
ngt
oWi
tchcr
aft
ism ar
esomet
imespr
act
icedbyt
he
woment
owar
dst
hei
rhusbandswhom t
heyar
ebecomi
ngt
otal
l
yir
responsi
ble.

SOMESOLUTI
ONSTOI
RRESPONSI
BLEPARENTHOOD

 Emphasi
sshoul
dbeputonf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngbyt
hepar
ent
stodeci
deont
henumberof
chi
l
drenwhom t
heycanmanage.Thi
swi
l
lkeept
hepar
ent
smor
eresponsi
ble.

 Thepar
ent
sshoul
dav
oidsegr
egat
ingchi
l
dreni
nthef
ami
l
ybecausesomest
reet
chi
l
drenr
unawayf
rom t
hei
rpar
ent
sduet
othi
sfact
.

 Pr
ayer
sshoul
dbepr
omot
edi
nthef
ami
l
ytakenasagr
oupoft
hef
ather
,mot
herand
chi
l
dren. Thi
smaybr
ingt
ohem God’
sbl
essi
ngsl
i
keget
ti
ngschoolf
eest
ocat
erf
or
t
hechi
l
dren.

 Gui
danceandcounsel
i
ngl
essonsneedt
obeext
endedt
opar
ent
swhoseem t
ohav
e
moneybutr
erel
uct
antt
opayf
eesf
ort
hei
rchi
l
drent
obeatschool
.

 Thechi
l
drenal
sobet
aughtt
hei
rtr
adi
ti
onalv
aluesbyt
hepar
ent
sinor
dert
oav
oid
casesl
i
kei
ncestwhi
char
ecommoni
nfami
l
ieswi
thi
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
s.

 Chr
ist
ianv
aluesl
i
kel
ove,
honest
y,ki
ndnessandr
espectt
oel
der
sneedt
obeext
ended
i
nthef
ami
l
ytaughtbyt
hepar
ent
sandanyot
herel
der
.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dtr
ytoest
abl
i
shmor
ejoboppor
tuni
ti
est
ocat
erf
orj
obl
ess
par
ent
s.Thi
swi
l
lal
sohel
psuchpar
ent
stoactasr
esponsi
blepeopl
eint
hei
rhome.

 Par
ent
sneedt
osi
tonar
oundt
abl
eanddi
scusssomeoft
hepr
obl
emswi
tht
hei
r
chi
l
dren.Thi
swi
l
lshowasi
gnor
esponsi
bil
i
tybyt
hepar
entandev
ent
hechi
l
drenmay
notbecomev
iol
enti
nthehomeev
eni
ftheyar
enotst
udy
ing.

 Par
ent
sshoul
dav
oidorr
educeont
hehi
ghr
ateofdr
unkar
dnessandspar
esome
moneyt
ocat
erf
orot
herf
ami
l
yneeds.
`
 Par
ent
sar
ecal
l
edupont
oli
veanexempl
aryl
i
fest
ylet
owar
dst
hei
rchi
l
drenandt
he
communi
tyatl
arge. Thi
scanhel
pthemant
ogetaj
obt
hatcanenabl
ehi
m sust
ain
hi
shome.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dhel
pthepoorf
ami
l
iesbyof
fer
ingt
hem f
reeser
vicesl
i
ke
medi
cat
ion,
educat
ionandsecur
it
y.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dputust
ri
ctmeasur
esi
nvol
vi
ngsomepuni
shment
stopar
ent
s
whost
ubbor
nlyr
efuset
otakeupt
hei
rresponsi
bil
i
tiesathomel
i
kepay
ingschoolf
ees
oft
hechi
l
dren.

 Womenshoul
dav
oidget
ti
ngmar
ri
edt
oal
readyment
all
ydi
stur
bedmenwhomaynot
bei
nposi
ti
ont
olookaf
tert
hef
ami
l
yandt
her
ever
sei
str
ue.

CAUSESOFFAMI
LYI
NSTABI
LITI
ESTODAY

 Unf
ait
hful
ness. Thi
sismai
nlyat
tri
but
edt
ofai
l
ureofsomehusbandst
omeett
he
sexualdemandsoft
hei
rwi
vesduet
obei
ngt
oobusywi
thwor
korwal
ki
ngf
araway
f
rom t
hei
rhomest
aki
ngt
ool
ongt
omeett
hei
rspousesl
eadi
ngt
osexualt
empt
ati
ons
henceawayf
orunf
ait
hful
nessi
nthef
ami
l
y.

 Educat
iondi
ff
erencesbet
weenmar
ri
edpar
tner
swer
eonemayunderl
ookt
heot
hert
o
t
hegr
oundsofeducat
ion. Forexampl
eauni
ver
sit
ygr
aduat
emar
ryi
ngapr
imar
y
sev
engr
aduat
eleadi
ngt
ogener
alconf
li
ctsi
nfami
l
iesl
eadi
ngt
odi
vor
ce.

 Somemen/
womenar
enat
ural
l
yhar
sht
ofami
l
ymember
s. Thi
shar
shnessi
scaused
byt
her
isi
ngl
evelofpov
ert
yhencel
eadi
ngt
ofami
l
yinst
abi
l
iti
esaschi
l
drenr
unaway
f
rom homesandt
hewoman.

 Br
ideweal
th/pr
ice. Somepar
ent
sdemandt
oomuchbr
idepr
icef
rom t
hesons-
in-
l
awsandi
fhef
ail
stopay
,thepar
ent
soft
hegi
rlmayf
orcehert
odi
vor
ceormaycr
eat
e
conf
li
ctsi
nthef
ami
l
yoft
hey
oungpeopl
ehencel
eadi
ngt
ofami
l
ybr
eakdown.

 Lazi
ness. Somepeopl
ear
elazysucht
hatt
heycan’
tmeett
hef
ami
l
ydemandsi
n
t
ermsoff
ood,medi
calcar
e,shel
terl
eadi
ngt
ounnecessar
yconf
li
ctsbet
weent
he
f
ami
l
ymember
shencel
eadi
ngt
odi
vor
ceandsepar
ati
on.

 Rel
i
giousdi
ff
erences.Asar
esul
tofr
eli
giousbel
i
efandpr
act
icesduet
odi
ff
erences,
conf
li
cts may be gener
ated bet
ween f
ami
l
y member
s or
igi
nat
ing f
rom r
eli
gion
i
deol
ogi
esl
eadi
ngt
ofami
l
ybr
eakdownsf
orexampl
eaMosl
em get
ti
ngmar
ri
edt
oa
`
cat
hol
i
cmayf
acechal
l
engesf
rom eat
ingpor
kanddr
inki
ngal
cohol
.Hencel
eadi
ngt
o
f
ami
l
ybr
eakdown.

 Lackofsexsat
isf
act
ioni
nmar
ri
agecanal
sol
eadt
ofami
l
yinst
abi
l
itysi
nceoneoft
he
par
tner
smaydeci
det
ohav
esexoutoft
hewed-
lock. Thi
scancauseconf
li
ctsamong
t
hemar
ri
edpeopl
eoncef
oundout
.

EFFECTSOFDI
VORCE

 I
tmayl
eadt
otheactofsui
cideoronepoi
soni
nghi
m/her
sel
f.

 I
thasl
edt
oincr
easedcasesofpr
ost
it
uti
on.Thati
stosay
,abandonedwomenmay
r
esor
ttopr
ost
it
uti
on.

 Di
vor
cehasl
edt
olossofsel
fest
eem/
digni
ty/
respectf
orsomeonei
nthesoci
etybei
ng
l
ookedatasaf
ail
ure.

 Si
ngl
epar
ent
hood.Manyf
ail
ureshav
eremai
nedwi
thsi
ngl
epar
entei
theraf
atheror
mot
herl
ooki
ngatt
hechi
l
drenal
one.

 Lossoff
ocus.Af
terdi
vor
ce,t
hepl
anni
ngoft
hemant
owar
dsdev
elopmentoft
he
f
ami
l
ymaybedi
stor
ted/di
sor
gani
zed.

 Fr
ust
rat
ions.Thedi
vor
cedper
sonwi
l
lfeelf
rust
rat
edorbet
ray
edbyt
hewi
fesohewi
l
l
l
i
veami
ser
abl
eli
fe.

 Hi
ghr
ateofdr
unkar
dness.Thedi
vor
cedmanmayt
urnt
obeadr
unkar
dbecausehe
hasnobodyathomet
otaket
imewi
thdur
inghi
slei
sur
eti
me.

 Hat
ed. Themanwi
l
lbecomeagr
eatenemyoft
hewomanwhohasdi
vor
cedherand
t
heenmi
tymayext
endev
ent
oherf
ami
l
yrel
ati
vesandf
ri
ends.

 Psy
chol
ogi
calt
ort
ure.Themanmaygetanat
uralpsy
chol
ogi
calpr
obl
em anddev
elops
compl
etel
yhat
redort
heopposi
tesexorhat
esev
ermar
ryi
ngagai
n.

 I
ncr
easedadul
ter
y.Asawomandeci
dest
oli
vet
hemanal
one,hemayr
esor
t/i
ndul
ge
orengagei
nact
sofadul
ter
ysoast
osat
isf
yhi
msel
fsexual
l
y.

 I
ncr
easedspr
eadofSTDs/STIdi
seasesl
i
keHI
V/AI
Dshav
espr
eadwi
del
ypar
tl
yduet
o
i
ncr
easedsepar
ati
onofcoupl
eswhomayhav
ebeeni
nfect
edal
ready
.

 Fi
nanci
alhar
dshi
ps.Thesi
ngl
epar
entwhomaybedi
vor
cedandor
igi
nal
l
ydependedon
t
heot
herf
inanci
all
ywi
l
lfaceal
otoff
inanci
aldemand.
`
 Lossoff
ri
endshi
pandt
rust
.Themanort
hewomanwi
l
lloosemanyofhi
s/herf
ri
ends
whohadt
rusti
nthei
rmar
ri
ageandassoci
atedwi
tht
hem dai
l
y.

SOLUTI
ONSTODI
VORCE

 Themar
ri
edpeopl
eshoul
dknow att
hef
ir
stt
hatmar
ri
agei
snotasmoot
hpat
h
t
her
efor
eber
eadyt
ofor
giv
eoneanot
her
.

 Thecoupl
eneedst
ogof
orgui
danceandcounsel
i
ngr
oom t
heel
der
s.Forexampl
ein
mar
ri
ageorr
eli
giousl
eader
swhenev
ert
heyf
acechal
l
enge.

 Thehusbandsandwi
vesshoul
dcommi
ttoeachot
heri
nspi
ri
toft
otal
lov
eal
lthet
ime.

 Themar
ri
edpeopl
eneedt
orespectoneanot
her
’sv
iewsi
nthef
ami
l
ybecauset
heyl
i
ve
aspar
tner
s/compani
ons.

 Oneshoul
dtakenot
eoft
hechoi
ceorf
ri
endshe/
shehasbecausesomeoft
hem may
bej
eal
oust
owar
dsy
ourmar
ri
age.

 Par
tner
sshoul
dwat
choutont
hesur
roundi
ngenv
ironmentwher
etheyl
i
ve.Thati
sto
say
,li
vi
ngnearbar
sordi
scosmayent
iceoneoft
hepar
tner
stobet
akenupi
ntosuch.

 Commi
tmentandf
ait
hful
nessofpar
tner
stowar
dst
hei
rvows.

 Sexeducat
ionshoul
dbeencour
agedev
ent
opeopl
ewhoar
epr
epar
ingf
ormar
ri
age
andt
hoseal
readyi
nmar
ri
age.

 Or
phansandwi
dowsar
eal
sodi
scr
imi
nat
edi
nsoci
etyast
heymayl
ackmat
eri
al
possessi
onsandpeopl
eassoci
atet
hem wi
thbadl
uck. Al
binosar
eal
soconsi
der
ed
under
pri
vi
legedbecauseoft
hei
rdi
ff
erentcol
our
. Thewomenar
edi
scr
imi
nat
edi
n
soci
etybecauseoft
hei
rbehav
iorwhi
chcanl
eadt
hem t
obedi
scr
imi
nat
edi
nsoci
ety
andmanydonotwantt
oassoci
atewi
tht
hem.

 Cour
tshi
pisani
mpor
tantst
epwhi
chpeopl
eint
endi
ngt
ogetmar
ri
edshoul
dunder
go.
Thi
swi
l
lhel
pthem t
olear
neachot
her
’sbehav
iorbef
oreact
ual
mar
ri
aget
akespl
ace.

 Ther
eshoul
dbegr
eatpat
iencei
nmar
ri
ageespeci
all
ydur
ingt
heper
iodofsev
ere
f
inanci
alhar
dshi
p.

 Opendi
scussi
onshoul
dbecar
ri
edoutamongt
hepar
tner
soncei
nawhi
l
eev
enwi
th
t
hei
rchi
l
dreni
fneedbe.
`
 Her
eisneedt
oint
roduceasenseofGodf
ear
ingi
nthef
ami
l
ybyencour
agi
ngy
our
par
tner
sandt
hechi
l
drent
ogochur
chf
orpr
ayer
sandnotf
orgett
opr
ayf
ort
hei
r
f
ami
l
iesst
abi
l
ity
.

 Thel
egal(
cour
tshi
p)const
it
uti
oni
nthi
scount
ryshoul
dti
ght
ent
hear
ti
clesabout
mar
ri
age.Thati
stosay
,theconst
it
uti
onshoul
dmakei
thar
dforonet
ogetadi
vor
ce
l
ett
er.

Themar
ri
edshoul
dbeadv
isedt
owor
kwi
thi
nthei
rlocal
i
tysoast
olookaf
tert
hei
r
f
ami
l
ieseasi
l
y

ACHRI
STI
ANFAMI
LY

Thef
oll
owi
ngar
etheki
ndsoft
hechar
act
eri
sti
csofaChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
ythati
tshoul
d
hav
e;

 Thef
ami
l
yofaChr
ist
ianshoul
dbeGodf
ear
ingandi
sgov
ernedbyGod’
swi
l
l. For
i
nst
ancet
heaccounti
n1Samuel2:
22f
fconcer
ningEl
i
’sf
ami
l
yindi
cat
est
hatt
hef
ear
oft
heLor
denabl
edHannaht
ogetachi
l
d(Samuel
)

 I
naChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
y,t
hemani
stheheadofahomeandGodassi
gnedhi
mthedut
yof
exer
cisi
ngdi
vi
neaut
hor
it
yov
ert
her
estoft
hemember
s(1Cor1:
3)

 Ani
dealChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
yisoneboundt
oget
herbyl
ovebet
weent
hehusbandandwi
fe
andt
hei
rchi
l
dren. Theyoughtt
odot
hisemul
ati
ngJosephandMar
ywhosel
ovef
or
Jesuswasl
i
mit
less.

 AChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
ypr
ayst
oget
herandst
ayst
oget
heraspar
ent
sandchi
l
dren. Thi
sis
becauset
hechi
l
drenal
way
sneedpar
ent
algui
dance.

 I
naChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
y,par
ent
sar
eex
pect
edt
ost
aycl
oset
othei
rchi
l
drenanddi
sci
pli
ne
t
hem. I
fnotsot
heywi
l
lbecomer
ebel
l
iousl
i
ket
hesonsofki
ngDav
idnot
edi
n1
`
Ki
ngs13:
14andt
hesonsofpr
iestEl
inot
edi
n1Samuel
2:12-
26.

 I
naChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
y,par
ent
shav
eadut
yofshapi
ngt
hemor
alsoft
hei
rchi
l
drenandar
e
speci
fi
cal
l
ycal
l
edupont
ocor
rectal
lthosewhogowr
ong(
Prov
erbs12:
1ff
)

 Whi
l
edi
sci
pli
ningt
hei
rchi
l
drenChr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
odooutofl
oveandwi
th
r
est
rai
nt(
cal
mness)soasnott
ocauset
hem t
oanger(
Ephesi
ans6:
4a)

 I
nChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
ypar
ent
sar
enotj
ustasour
ceofknowl
edgeandwi
sdom butmor
eso
ar
einst
rument
sfori
mpar
ti
ngdi
vi
nei
nst
ruct
ionst
othei
rchi
l
dren.Thati
sto say
,
t
eachi
ngt
hem hol
yscr
ipt
uresasseeni
n(Ephesi
ans6:
4b)

 An i
dealf
ami
l
yfr
om a Chr
ist
ian poi
ntofv
iew i
s one bui
l
ton t
he pr
inci
plesof
monogamybecauset
hisi
swhatGodr
equi
resi
ngen1:
26-
28,
2:21-
25.

 I
naChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
ychi
l
drenar
ecal
l
edupont
oobeyt
hei
rpar
ent
snotonl
ybecausei
tis
t
her
ightt
hingt
odobutal
soi
nful
fi
ll
mentofGod’
scommand.St
.Paulemphasi
zest
his
andsay
sitbr
ingst
hem pr
osper
it
yandl
ongl
i
fe(
Eph.6:
1-3)

 Thef
ami
l
yofChr
ist
iansshoul
dbef
ullofki
ndnessandconsi
der
ati
ont
owar
dseach
ot
her
. Accor
dingt
o1Pet
er3:
7,heur
gesment
obeconsi
der
atet
othei
rwi
ves
becauset
heyar
eaweakersex.

 I
naChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
yequal
i
tyoft
hemanandt
hewomani
sal
soexpect
edbecauseGod
cr
eat
edbot
hki
nhi
sowni
mageandl
i
keness(
Gen1:
26)
.

 AChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
yshoul
dbechar
act
eri
zedwi
thaspi
ri
toff
orgi
venessofoneanot
her
i
ncl
udi
ngt
hei
rnei
ghbour
swhoannoyt
hem. Thef
orgi
venessshoul
dinv
olv
ehusband
andwi
fepl
ust
hechi
l
drenbecausei
tiswhati
sinv
olv
edi
ntheLor
d’spr
ayer(
Mat
hew
6:
12)

 Thet
askofpr
ovi
dingf
ort
hef
ami
l
yisf
orbot
hhusbandandwi
fe. Sowomenshoul
d
notnegl
ectt
hei
rresponsi
bil
i
tiest
ooasPaul
adv
isedt
hem i
n1Cor
int
hians7:
3.

 Chr
ist
iani
tyt
eacheswear
eal
lmember
sofGod’
sfami
l
yther
efor
ewear
eexpect
edt
o
hav
ethef
oll
owi
ngv
aluesofl
ove,
for
giv
eness,
kindness,
car
ingext
endedt
oal
lmanki
nd
(
1Cor
int
hians12:
27)

RESPONSI
BLEPARENTHOODI
NTHEBI
BLE

The f
oll
owi
ng ar
e some oft
he bi
bli
calar
eas whi
ch i
ndi
cat
e si
gnsfr
esponsi
ble
par
ent
hood;
`
 Moses’mot
hershowedherr
esponsi
bil
i
tybyhi
dinghi
m att
hebankedgesoft
her
iver
.
Thati
stosay
,theswampt
ryi
ngt
osav
ehi
mfr
om deat
hast
heki
ngofEgy
pthad
or
der
edt
heki
l
li
ngoft
hebor
nboy
s(Exodus2:
1-10)

 Bef
oreAbr
aham di
ed,
het
ookt
her
esponsi
bil
i
tyofl
ooki
ngf
orhi
ssonI
saacawi
fe(
Gen
24:
1ff
)

 I
saachi
msel
fact
edasar
esponsi
blepar
entwhenhesenthi
ssonJacobt
ohi
suncl
e
Labansot
hathecoul
dmar
ryoneofhi
sdaught
erswhi
chwer
eexpect
edt
obeagood
char
act
erorbehav
iornott
omar
ryaf
orei
gnwoman.

 Dav
idf
ast
edf
orhi
ssi
ckchi
l
dshowi
ngasi
gnofar
esponsi
bleandcar
ingpar
entwho
wasper
tur
bedbyt
hesi
cknessofhi
schi
l
d(2Samuel
12:
15)

 Jet
hrogav
ehi
sson-
in-
law,Mosesadv
icet
oappoi
ntsomej
udgest
ohel
phi
minor
der
t
oav
oidov
erwor
king.

 Bef
oreDav
id,heact
edasar
esponsi
blepar
entbygi
vi
nghi
ssonSol
omont
hel
ast
par
ent
ali
nst
ruct
ionst
ofol
l
owasaki
ngasnot
edi
n1Ki
ngs2:
1-9.

 WhenKi
ngHer
odwant
edt
oki
l
lJesus,
hispar
ent
sJosephandMar
yhi
dehi
m.

 El
kannahandHannahl
ookedaf
tert
hei
rsonSamuelwel
landgui
dedhi
m ast
hehi
gh
pr
iestatShi
l
oh. Hannahusedev
ent
otakesoncl
othest
othesonSamuel(
1Samuel
2:
18-
21)

 Dav
idcr
iedoutf
ort
hedeat
hohi
ssonandev
enr
efusedt
oeatbecauseofmuchagony
.
Thi
sshowedt
hesi
gnofar
esponsi
blepar
ent
.Thati
stosay
,2Samuel
12:
16-
23.

 Accor
ding t
othegospelofLuke2:
41-
52 Josephand Mar
yact
ed asr
esponsi
ble
par
ent
swhent
heyl
ookedf
ort
hei
rsonJesusf
oraboutt
hreeday
s. Hehadgotl
ost
whencomi
ngf
rom Jer
usal
em f
orpr
ayer
s.

 ThebookofEphesi
ans6:
14st
ressest
hatpar
ent
sshoul
dbeexempl
aryt
othei
rchi
l
dren.

 Thepar
ent
sofSamsonact
edr
esponsi
blet
owar
dst
hei
rson’
smar
ri
agewhent
hey
adv
isednott
omar
ryDel
i
lahbecauseshewasnotagoodwomanf
itf
orhi
m.

 Asar
esponsi
blepar
entJai
russentf
orJesust
ocomeandsav
ethedaught
erwhowas
aboutt
odi
e(Mar
k5:
21-
25)

 Noahpr
otect
edhi
sfami
l
ybybui
l
dingabi
gar
ktosaf
eguar
dhi
mfr
om t
hef
loodwhi
ch
t
hel
ordwasgoi
ngt
osend.
`
 Jesusr
efer
redt
oGodasar
esponsi
blepar
entandhi
sfat
heraspor
tray
edi
ntheLor
d’s
Pr
ayert
hathet
aughthi
sfol
l
ower
s“ourf
ather
”.

 Onmanyot
heroccasi
onsJesusi
sref
err
edt
oast
hesonofGodf
orexampl
einMar
k
1:
1.

 Asar
esponsi
blef
ather
,Godr
escuedt
heI
srael
i
teshi
schi
l
drenf
rom Egy
pti
anbondage.
Thi
shedi
dbysendi
ngt
hem Mosesast
hei
rli
ber
ator(
Exodus3,
4)

 Accor
dingt
othebookofLuke15:
11,
signsofar
esponsi
blef
atherar
eindi
cat
edbyt
he
manwhoaccept
edt
owel
comet
hepr
odi
gal
sonbackhome.

 Thebi
bleal
soi
ndi
cat
esJesust
eachi
nghow ar
esponsi
blepar
entshoul
dbehav
e
t
owar
dst
heupbr
ingi
ngofchi
l
drenasGodf
ear
ingper
sons(
Mar
k10:
13-
16)

NUCLEARFAMI
LY

Thi
sist
het
ypeoff
ami
l
ymadeupofahusband,wi
feandchi
l
dren. Ther
elat
ivesar
e
notcommonl
yoccupi
ed.

Adv
ant
ages

 I
tisal
oteasi
ert
opr
ovi
deeducat
ionalneedsofchi
l
drenf
rom suchf
ami
l
iesbecause
t
heyt
endt
oconsi
stasmal
lnumber
. Thi
shasenabl
edwel
l
-of
ffami
l
iest
oeducat
e
t
hei
rchi
l
dreni
nfi
rstcl
assschool
s.Forexampl
eci
typar
ent
spr
imar
yschool
,Agakhan
pr
imar
y,Gr
eenhi
l
lpr
imar
y and secondar
y school
sli
ke St
.Mar
y’s Ki
subiS.S,
NamagungaGi
rl
sS.S,
UgandaMar
tyr
s,MengoS.
S.

 I
tisal
oteasi
ert
opr
ovi
demat
eri
alneedsoft
hef
ami
l
yli
kef
ood,cl
othesandmany
ot
her
s

 Chi
l
drenf
rom suchf
ami
l
iesnor
mal
l
yenj
oypl
ent
yfpar
ent
all
ove,car
eandgui
dance
becauset
heydonotbur
dent
hei
rpar
ent
s. Ther
efor
ecasesofpar
ent
albat
ter
ingof
chi
l
drenar
eli
mit
ednotl
i
kewhathappenedt
oEnockSsebanga,Ai
shaNabukeer
awho
wer
emi
str
eat
edbyt
hei
rst
epmot
her
.

 Ther
ear
ecasesofsexualhar
assmenti
nsuchnucl
earf
ami
l
iesbecauseoft
hest
rong
bondr
elat
ionsbet
weent
hem. I
not
herwor
dscasesofi
ncestar
eli
mit
ed.

 I
nthi
sty
peoff
ami
l
ythef
inanci
albur
denont
hesi
deofpar
ent
sissmal
landgener
all
y
manageabl
e. Thi
siswhymanypar
ent
sinKampal
awhohav
echi
l
dreni
nschool
sli
ke
Gr
eenhi
l
lacademyusual
l
ydr
ivet
hem ev
ery
dayt
oandf
rom school
.
`
 Ther
eishomosexual
i
tyonmat
ter
sofwor
shi
p,pol
i
ticsandet
iquet
tebecauset
he
member
sofsuchf
ami
l
ieshav
ecer
tai
nval
uesi
ncommon. Thi
scanbeev
idenced
when Pr
esi
dentYower
iMusev
enii
s campai
gni
ng dur
ing per
iods ofpr
esi
dent
ial
el
ect
ionsmov
eswi
thhi
swi
feandsomet
imessomechi
l
dren.

 I
t’
sal
oteasi
ert
omoni
tort
hebehav
iour
sofchi
l
drenf
rom suchf
ami
l
ies. Howev
er
wi
th ext
ended f
ami
l
iesi
tisqui
tehar
dto cont
rolt
hebehav
iour
sofchi
l
drenand
r
elat
ivesar
oundsospeaki
ngobscenewor
dsi
scommon.

 Wor
kcanbeshar
edoutequal
l
yamongt
hechi
l
drenwi
thnobi
asedt
reat
mentofone
anot
her
.

 Chi
l
drenf
rom suchf
ami
l
iesnor
mal
l
ygr
owwi
thabal
ancedat
ti
tudeandopi
nionabout
t
hemsel
vesbecauseasenseofsel
f-
conf
idenceandhar
dwor
kingi
sincul
cat
edi
nto
t
hem.

Di
sadv
ant
ages

 Chi
l
drenf
rom suchf
ami
l
iesnor
mal
l
ygr
ow upbadl
ywi
thanar
row per
spect
iveoft
he
wor
ld. Theydonotcar
eaboutot
herpeopl
e’
sfeel
i
ngsexceptt
hoseoft
hei
rpar
ent
s
andsi
bli
ngs.

 Suchchi
l
drendonothav
eanydesi
ret
oknow muchaboutt
hei
rot
herr
elat
ivesmor
e
especi
all
yift
hey st
ay i
nvi
l
lages and f
ort
hem t
hey st
ay i
ntown.Thei
rbr
ain
concent
rat
esmucht
hinki
ngaboutt
hei
rmot
her
,fat
her
,br
otherorsi
ster
.

 Ther
ear
eof
tenpr
obl
emst
odwi
tht
hei
rmot
hert
ongue.Suchchi
l
drenof
tenf
ailt
o
gr
aspt
hel
anguageoft
hef
atherormot
herandi
nst
eadadoptEngl
i
shast
hei
rfi
rst
l
anguageespeci
all
yifdaddyandmummycamef
rom di
ff
erentt
ri
bes. I
nKampal
a
suchchi
l
drenof
tenspeakEngl
i
shandsomeLugandabutcannotspeakt
hei
rmot
her
l
anguagel
i
keLuo.

 Labourf
orcer
equi
redf
ort
hecul
ti
vat
ionoft
hegar
denf
orhi
gherpr
oduct
ioni
sli
kel
yto
`
bel
i
ttl
e. Thi
smayt
hreat
enf
ami
neout
breaki
nthef
ami
l
yev
eni
fther
ehasbeen
enoughl
andf
orcul
ti
vat
ion.

 Womenf
rom suchf
ami
l
iest
endt
obebi
gheaded.Theybecomesomet
imest
ubbor
n
ov
ert
hei
rhusbandst
othepoi
ntofdeny
ingt
hem sexbecauset
heyknowt
hemanhas
noot
heral
ter
nat
ive.

 I
nthesamewaywomenf
rom suchf
ami
l
iesendt
oof
tenf
eelv
erybadwhent
hei
r
husbandext
endt
hehandofhel
ptohi
srel
ati
ves. Theybecomebet
terunnecessar
y
somet
imest
othepoi
ntoff
ight
ingwi
tht
hehusband.

 Chi
l
drenf
rom suchf
ami
l
iesof
tengr
owupnaï
veofcer
tai
nimpor
tantaspect
sofcul
tur
e
becauset
hei
rpar
ent
sfeelshyt
otal
ktot
hem. Fori
nst
ancei
fthepar
ent
sar
e
BagandaorBasogat
heymayf
eel
shyt
otel
lthei
rdaught
erst
ovi
sitt
hebush.

 Att
imest
hesechi
l
drengr
owt
obecomev
eryambi
ti
ous,
bossyandmani
festsy
mpt
oms
ofasuper
ior
it
ycompl
ex. Thi
sist
hecat
egor
yofgi
rl
swhi
l
eatuni
ver
sit
ylev
ell
i
ke
Maker
ereandKy
ambogoi
nsi
stcannotdat
eamanwhodoesnothav
eacar
,houseand
ni
cej
ob.

 Thi
ski
ndoff
ami
l
yisnotsuppor
tedbymanyAf
ri
cansoncl
aimst
hati
sal
i
en(
fal
l
en)
t
ype.

EXTENDEDFAMI
LY

Thi
sist
het
ypeoff
ami
l
ymadeupofhusband,wi
fe,chi
l
drenandcl
oser
elat
ivespl
us
t
hespi
ri
tsoft
heancest
ors.

Ext
endedf
ami
l
iesar
edi
vi
dedi
ntot
womai
ncat
egor
ies;

1.Pat
ri
-l
ocal
fami
l
y/pat
ri
li
neal
fami
l
y

2.Mat
ri
-l
ocal
fami
l
y/mat
ri
li
neal
fami
l
y

1.I
nPat
ri
-l
ocalf
ami
lyi
t’
sthemanwhodet
ermi
nest
hesoci
al,pol
it
icalandeconomi
c
st
atusoft
hef
ami
ly
.Inot
herwor
dst
heman’
sli
nei
nher
it
sthepr
oper
tyandchi
l
dren
bel
ongt
otheman’
scl
an. Thewomanj
ustmov
est
othepl
aceoft
hemanandshe
consequent
lyassumest
henameofherhusbandl
i
keMr
s.Mat
ovu.

2.I
nMat
ri
-l
inealf
ami
lyal
laut
hor
it
yandpowerar
evest
edi
nthewomanwhohast
he
dut
yofpay
ingbr
idef
ort
hemanandt
her
eaf
tershei
stheonet
odeci
dewher
ethey
wi
llst
ay. Thewomanhast
hedut
yofbui
l
dingt
hehouseandset
ti
ngupt
hehome.The
`
chi
l
drent
heygetbel
ongt
ohercl
anandi
tisupt
ohert
ofi
ndt
hem names. I
tis
commoni
nAsi
aandSout
hAf
ri
ca.

3.Fost
erf
ami
ly
.Thi
sisanot
herki
ndofext
endedf
ami
l
ywher
ethef
ami
l
iesadoptchi
l
dren
r
athert
hanr
aiset
hoseoft
hei
rown. Manyt
imespeopl
eseekf
orl
egalal
l
owancet
o
l
ookaf
teracer
tai
nnumberofchi
l
drenal
thought
heymi
ghtnotbet
hebi
ologi
cal
par
ent
s.

4.I
nst
it
uti
onalf
ami
ly
.Thesear
eest
abl
i
shedhomeswhi
chcar
eforchi
l
drenwhomi
ghtbe
deser
tedorabandonedbyt
hei
rpar
ent
sorguar
diansorchi
l
drent
hatmi
ghtbesenti
n
t
hatar
east
udypur
poses.

I
nUganda,i
naddi
ti
ont
oschool
swehav
epl
acesl
i
keSany
uBabi
esHomei
nMengo,
Nsamby
aChi
l
dren’
sHome,
Kampi
l
ingi
saJuv
eni
l
eHome,
andNagur
uTeenageCent
re.

Adv
ant
agesofExt
endedFami
li
es

 I
tpr
ovi
dessuf
fi
cientl
abourf
orceneededt
ocar
ryoutdut
iesathome. Fori
nst
ance
cooki
ng,
gar
denwor
k,andot
her
sfet
chi
ngf
ir
ewoodandmanyot
her
s

 One’
ssenseofbel
ongi
ngi
scl
ear
lyi
dent
if
ied. Thechi
l
drenar
eabl
etogr
owupseei
ng
andknowi
ngt
hei
rcl
oser
elat
iveswhomi
ghtv
isi
tthehomef
requent
lyorwhom t
hey
meeti
ncl
anoccasi
onsl
i
keweddi
ngs.

 Anext
endedf
ami
l
yinAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onandpar
tl
ytodayhel
pedt
omi
nimi
zet
heact
sof
sexualmi
susel
i
kei
ncest
.Thi
sisbecausechi
l
drengr
ewupknowi
ngal
lthei
rrel
ati
ves.
Thati
stosay
,gr
andees,
aunt
s,uncl
esandmanyot
her
s

 Chi
l
drenbel
ongi
ngt
oext
endedf
ami
l
iescaneasi
l
ygai
nsexeducat
ionl
essonsf
rom t
he
el
der
swhost
ayathome. Forexampl
egr
andmot
her
sanduncl
es.Thesekeepon
gui
dingt
hem whenev
ert
heygowr
ong.

 I
nthi
ski
ndofaf
ami
l
y,chi
l
drenar
eabl
etol
ear
neasi
l
ythebasi
cski
l
lsofl
i
fe.Thei
r
uncl
es,si
ster
sorgr
andpar
ent
sst
ayi
ngar
oundhav
ingdi
ff
erentski
l
lsl
i
kecar
pent
ry,
cooki
ngt
eacht
hem atf
reewi
l
l.

 Anext
ended f
ami
l
yInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyeasi
l
yhel
ped t
o pr
ovi
decul
tur
al
t
ransmi
ssi
on and her
it
age. The chi
l
dren wer
etaughtt
hei
rcul
tur
alnor
ms and
obl
i
gat
ionsl
i
kev
isi
ti
ngt
hebush,car
ryi
ngoutci
rcumci
sionamongt
heGi
shut
hrough
i
nter
act
ionwi
tht
hei
rrel
ati
ves.
`
 I
nthi
ski
ndoff
ami
l
ychi
l
drencaneasi
l
ybecar
edf
orev
enwhent
hef
atherandmot
her
ar
edead. Thi
scanbedonebycl
oser
elat
iveswhousual
l
yst
aywi
tht
hesechi
l
dren.

 I
nter
msofl
ooki
ngf
orbr
ideweal
thi
tmaybeeasi
erf
ort
heboyget
ti
ngmar
ri
edt
oseek
f
orassi
stancef
rom cl
oser
elat
ives.

 Thi
ski
ndoff
ami
l
yli
feev
encat
ersf
ort
hewi
dows. Agi
rlwhomi
ghthav
elosther
husbandi
sfr
eet
ocomebackhomeandst
ayar
oundt
il
lwhensheget
sanot
herone.

 Duet
othehi
ghpopul
ati
onexpect
edi
nsuchaf
ami
l
yev
ent
hechancesofsecur
it
yar
e
hi
gh.

Di
sadv
ant
agesofExt
endedFami
li
es

 Theyar
equi
teexpensi
vei
nter
msoff
inanci
almanagement
. Theheadi
susual
l
yov
er
-
bur
denedt
ospendmor
efundst
ocat
erf
ort
hev
ari
ousmember
soft
hef
ami
l
yli
ke
pay
ingschool
feessomet
imesev
enf
ort
hesi
ster
sandbr
other
soft
hewi
fe.

 I
tmayencour
agel
azi
nessamongt
hechi
l
dren.Manyt
imest
hef
ir
stl
adygi
vesl
i
ttl
e
wor
ktoherchi
l
drenwhi
chcr
eat
esl
azi
nesst
othem ov
erbur
deni
ngt
heot
herchi
l
dren.

 I
tmayi
nfl
uencer
elat
ivest
opr
act
icemal
-act
sli
kei
ncest
. Somecl
aim t
hatnot
bel
ongi
ngt
othesamemot
herdoesar
oundher
/hi
m ar
enotf
ullr
elat
ivesandsoar
efee
t
oenj
oysexwi
tht
hem.

 Suchaf
ami
l
yifmanagedi
ntownar
eas,i
tcaneasi
l
yleadt
opoorheal
thcausi
ng
si
cknessesl
i
ket
yphoi
d.

 Suchabi
gfami
l
yhi
nder
ssav
ingsandi
nvest
ment
swhi
chi
ssoi
mpor
tantf
ort
hef
utur
e
sur
viv
aloft
hef
ami
l
yoft
hef
atheratol
dage.

 Casesoff
ight
samongt
hechi
l
drenf
rom t
hedi
ff
erentmot
her
sar
esocommon. Thi
s
usual
l
yhappensi
nlonghol
i
day
sli
keDecembert
oJanuar
ywher
ethepar
entt
endst
o
col
l
ectal
lthechi
l
dreni
nonehome.

 Thewomanmayf
eeli
nsecur
etost
ayi
namar
ri
ager
elat
ionshi
poft
hiski
ndwher
eshe
i
ssur
roundedbymanyot
herco-
wiv
est
othehusband.

 Ther
ear
ehi
gherchancesofmi
sunder
standi
ngsbet
weenhusbandandwi
fe. Thi
s
`
br
oughtaboutbyt
hehi
ghr
umourmonger
ingcr
eat
edbyt
her
elat
ivessur
roundi
ngt
he
f
ami
l
y.

 Casesofwi
tchcr
aft
ism ar
eli
kel
ytobemanyi
nsuchaf
ami
l
y. Woment
endt
o
compet
eforf
avour
sfr
om t
hemant
hroughgoi
ngt
othewi
tches.

 Chi
l
drenbr
oughtupi
nthi
ski
ndoff
ami
l
yrel
ati
onshi
par
eli
kel
ytoat
tai
npooreducat
ion
backgr
ound. I
faf
atherendav
our
stot
aket
hechi
l
drent
oschool
,hei
sli
kel
ytochoose
t
hosewi
thl
owschool
feeswhi
chi
nmanycasesar
epoorper
for
mer
s.

WHYAREMANYEXTENDEDFAMI
LIESDYI
NGOUTTODAY?

 Thei
nfl
uenceofmoder
neducat
ion. Manypeopl
etodayspendmor
eti
mei
nschool
whi
chi
sinf
utur
eli
mit
sthechancesofhav
ingmanychi
l
drenorev
enget
ti
ngmar
ri
ed.

 Thei
mpactofChr
ist
iant
eachi
nghasal
so madeext
ended f
ami
l
iest
o di
eout
.It
t
eachesaboutmonogamousmar
ri
agewhi
chmeanst
hatt
her
ear
eli
kel
ytobev
eryf
ew
peopl
einsuchaf
ami
l
ythuski
l
li
ngt
heext
endedf
orm off
ami
l
ies.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofwest
erncul
tur
ehasal
somademanyext
endedf
ami
l
iest
odi
eout
.
ManyAf
ri
cansnowaday
sbel
i
eve/
copyt
hesy
stem oft
heEur
opeansofhav
ingsmal
l
f
ami
l
iesbasi
cal
l
yconsi
sti
ngofaf
ather
,mot
herandt
hei
rchi
l
dren.

 Thef
inanci
alhar
dshi
phasal
socausedsomeext
endedf
ami
l
iest
odecl
i
ne.Formany
f
ami
l
iesst
ayi
ngi
ntowns,wher
ethecostofl
i
vingi
shi
gh,t
heyhav
eopt
edf
orhav
ing
smal
lnumberofmember
sint
hef
ami
l
ybasi
cal
l
ywher
ewef
indt
hef
ather
,ot
herand
t
hei
rchi
l
dren.

 Pol
i
ticali
nst
abi
l
iti
esi
nthewor
ldt
odayespeci
all
yinAf
ri
cahav
eal
socont
ri
but
edt
othe
decl
i
nei
ntheext
endedf
ami
l
ies. Asmor
ewar
scont
inuet
oexi
sti
nAf
ri
ca,i
thas
becomeacul
tur
eforf
ami
l
iest
oremai
nwi
thj
ustaf
ewmember
sbasi
cal
l
ythef
ather
,
mot
herandchi
l
drenwhocanmanageeachot
her
.

 Thei
ntr
oduct
ionoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodshasr
educedt
heexi
stenceofext
ended
f
ami
l
ies. Suchmet
hodsusedl
i
kecondomsorpi
l
lshav
emadepr
oduct
ionr
atel
ow
henceev
enmaki
ngf
ami
l
iessmal
l
er.

 Theev
err
aisi
ngmi
sunder
standi
ngsi
nthef
ami
l
iescompr
isedofmanyr
elat
ivesand
f
ri
endshasmadesomepeopl
etooptf
orst
ayi
ngwi
thonl
ythei
rwi
vesandchi
l
dren
wi
thouti
nvi
ti
ngr
elat
ivest
ost
ayatt
hei
rhomesf
orl
onger
.
`
 Thei
ncr
easei
nthespr
eadofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seaseshasal
soaf
fect
edt
he
exi
stenceofext
endedf
ami
l
ies. Theout
breakofdi
seasesl
i
keHI
V/AI
DShasmade
menr
educeont
endenci
esofmar
ryi
ngmanywi
ves.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofur
bani
zat
ion.Manyment
odayst
ayi
ngi
nur
bancent
reshav
eresor
ted
t
ost
ayi
ngei
theral
oneorwi
thonl
ythei
rwi
feandchi
l
dreni
nor
dert
osur
viv
eint
he
ur
banl
i
fe.

 Lackomor
alsorcul
tur
alobl
i
gat
ion.Ment
odaynol
ongerbel
i
evei
nthet
radi
ti
onal
cul
tur
eshav
ingmanywi
vesandmanychi
l
dren.

FORMALEDUCATI
ON

Thi
sist
heki
ndofeducat
ionr
ecei
vedatschool
.Itwasi
ntr
oducedi
nAf
ri
cabyt
he
whi
teswher
elear
ner
sar
etr
ainedi
ndi
ff
erentf
iel
ds/
jobsbyspeci
ali
stsl
i
ket
eacher
s.

WEAKNESSESORDI
SADVANTAGESOFFORMALEDUCATI
ON

 Thi
seducat
ioni
smai
nlyacademi
candal
lemphasi
spl
acedonpassi
ngexamsr
ather
t
hant
eachi
ngi
ndi
vi
dual
stof
iti
nsoci
ety
.

 I
tbr
ingsboy
sandgi
rl
stoget
herr
esul
ti
ngi
ntohi
ghsexuali
mmor
ali
tyi
nschool
s.That
i
stosay
,basi
cal
l
ythemi
ssedschool
s.

 I
tist
ooexpensi
vecompar
edt
othei
nfor
malki
ndofeducat
ionofAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
eti
esi
nor
dert
oacqui
rer
easonabl
eski
l
lsl
i
keapr
ofessi
onal
teacher
,doct
or,
lawy
er,
oneneedst
oinj
ecti
nal
otofmoneyt
oacqui
ret
heski
l
ls.

 I
thascr
eat
ed unf
avour
abl
ecompet
it
ion i
nthesoci
ety
. Schoolmanager
shav
e
r
eachedt
othepoi
ntofcheat
ingexamsf
ort
hei
rcandi
dat
est
udent
ssoast
oputt
hei
r
school
sonhi
gherr
anksi
nter
msofper
for
mance.

 For
maleducat
ioni
susual
l
yai
mingati
mpar
ti
ngwest
ernst
yleandcul
tur
alv
aluesoft
he
whi
tes.Fori
nst
ancei
nMaker
ereUni
ver
sit
y,gi
rl
sdr
essbadl
yput
ti
ngonmi
ni-
ski
rt
s
ev
endur
ingl
ect
uressoast
oseducel
ect
urer
swhowi
l
lendupgi
vi
ngt
hem goodmar
ks.

 Manyt
imeschi
l
drendonotpr
act
icewhatt
heyst
udyi
nschool
s.Thi
smeanst
hatt
hey
wast
eal
otoft
imedoi
ngnot
hingwher
easI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,ev
eryt
imea
chi
l
descor
tedanel
deratwor
k,she/
hecoul
dlear
nsomet
hing.
`
 West
ern educat
ion has cont
inued t
o under
mine t
he t
radi
ti
onalAf
ri
can cul
tur
e.
Nowaday
smanygi
rl
snol
ongerwantt
ovi
sitt
hebushf
ort
radi
ti
onalcl
assescl
aimi
ng
t
hati
t’
sbackwar
d.

 I
temphasi
zesequal
i
tybet
weenmenandwomenandconsequent
lyhasmadewomen
becomebi
dheadedi
nthei
rmi
rage“
womenemanci
pat
ionpr
ogr
am.Fori
nst
anceatone
t
imet
hef
ormerv
icepr
esi
dentofUgandadoct
or.Spaci
ozaWander
aKazi
bwedi
rect
ed
woment
ogof
orki
ckboxi
ngt
rai
ningsoast
opr
otectt
hemsel
vesagai
nstt
hehar
sh
men.

 I
tcr
eat
est
hei
deaofcar
eerdev
elopmentot
hert
hant
hinki
ngofmar
ri
age. Many
woment
odaywhohav
ewhi
tecol
l
arj
obsdonotwantt
ogetmar
ri
edwher
easI
nAf
ri
can
t
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
,mar
ri
agewaspar
tadpar
ti
aloft
hei
rli
ves.

 Thi
ski
ndofeducat
ioni
slar
gel
ytheor
eti
calandpr
oducesmor
ejobseeker
sthanj
ob
cr
eat
ors.Thi
shasl
edt
oincr
easednumberofunempl
oyedpeopl
eint
hecount
ry.

 For
maleducat
ionhascr
eat
edpeopl
ewhoar
eboast
fulanddi
srespect
fult
oot
her
swho
ar
ebel
owt
hei
reducat
ionl
evel
. Theyl
i
vet
ospeakEngl
i
shast
hought
heyar
efr
esh
f
rom Amer
ica.Theysaywor
dsl
i
ke“
yaman”t
omeany
esman.

 For
maleducat
iondi
stancespar
ent
sfr
om t
hei
rchi
l
drenencour
agi
ngt
hedev
elopment
oft
hegener
ati
ongap. Thi
sisspeci
fi
cal
l
yinr
egar
dwi
thchi
l
drenwhospendmostof
t
hei
rti
mei
nboar
dingschool
s.

FAMI
LYLI
FEI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY

Whatwer
ethechar
act
eri
sti
cs/
feat
uresofanAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalf
ami
ly
?

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on,t
hef
ami
l
ywasext
endedi
nnat
urewhi
chi
ncl
udedal
lthepeopl
e
wi
thbl
oodr
elat
ionsaswel
last
hespi
ri
tsoft
hedead.Rel
ati
veshadt
obecar
edf
ori
na
speci
alway
.Fori
nst
ancei
nBuganda,bef
oret
aki
nganydr
ink,par
tofi
twoul
dbe
pour
edont
hef
loort
oappeaset
heancest
ors.

 Ev
ery
onehadt
hedut
yofshapi
ngt
hedi
sci
pli
neoft
hechi
l
dren. Fori
nst
ance,i
n
Busogai
fachi
l
dwasf
oundspeaki
ngobscenewor
ds,
hewoul
dbecai
rnedbyt
heel
der
i
nthesoci
ety
.

 Chi
l
drenbel
ongedt
othecommuni
tyandt
hei
rup-
bri
ngi
ngwasadut
yforal
l
.For
exampl
einTeso,t
heyshar
edwi
vesandi
fthebr
otherwasaway
,theot
herwoul
dtake
`
car
eoft
hehomei
ncl
udi
ngt
hewi
feandt
hechi
l
dren.

 Themanwast
heheadoft
hehomeandhi
saut
hor
it
ywasnotquest
ionabl
e. He
di
sci
pli
nedbot
hthechi
l
drenandmot
her
. I
nfactamongt
heJal
uoi
fthemannev
er
beatt
hewi
fe,
itwast
hesi
gnhedi
dnotl
oveher
.

 I
mpor
tantaspect
sofcul
tur
ewer
eal
way
semphasi
zedi
nthef
ami
l
ytopr
eser
vet
he
uni
quei
dent
it
yoft
hecommuni
ty. Forexampl
etheBagi
sut
aughtwhatmadet
hem
speci
alpeopl
e.

 Thepeopl
eofAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on(
par
ent
s)l
ovedt
hei
rchi
l
drenv
erymuchandhi
slov
e
wasl
i
mit
less. Amongt
heSukumi
aofTanzani
a,af
ami
l
ythathadf
ew chi
l
drenwas
consi
der
edcur
sedbyt
hespi
ri
tsoft
heancest
ors.

 Thebi
rt
hofamal
echi
l
dinaf
ami
l
ywashi
ghl
ycel
ebr
atedf
ormor
ethant
hebi
rt
hofa
f
emal
echi
l
d. Thi
swasexpr
essedcl
ear
lyamongt
heSami
a.

 Al
lthef
ami
l
ygol
dandsi
l
ver(
weal
th)wasi
nthehandsoft
heman. Fori
nst
ance
amongt
heI
tesot
s,t
hewor
kofl
ooki
ngaf
tercowswasf
ort
hemal
esandt
hewomen
wer
enotal
l
owedany
wher
eneart
hekr
aal
.

 I
n an Af
ri
can f
ami
l
y,wor
k was cl
ear
ly def
ined and t
her
e was no shar
ing of
r
esponsi
bil
i
tiesbet
weenmal
esandf
emal
esi
nahome. Forexampl
eboy
swer
enot
al
l
owedt
oinv
olv
eincooki
ngorpeel
i
ng.

 One’
sst
atusi
nsoci
etydependedonhi
sfami
l
ybackgr
ound.Forexampl
einMasail
and.
I
fone’
sfat
herwasachi
efev
ent
hesonsear
nedgr
eatf
ameandr
espect
.

 Ther
ewasgr
eatr
espectf
oreachot
herI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyf
ami
l
iesandt
her
e
wasacl
eargapbet
weent
hepar
ent
sandt
hei
rchi
l
dren.Fori
nst
anceamongt
he
Kar
amaj
ong,
nobodywoul
dsi
tont
het
radi
ti
onal
stool
bel
ongi
ngt
othef
ami
l
yhead.

 Chi
l
drenunquest
ionabl
yobey
edt
hewi
l
loft
hepar
ent
sev
eni
fitwasn’
tinl
i
newi
tht
he
wi
l
loft
hei
rpar
ent
s. Forexampl
eamongt
heMay
ombeofDemocr
ati
crepubl
i
cof
Congot
hechoi
ceoft
hepar
entf
oramar
ri
agepar
tnerwasf
inal
.

 TheAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalf
ami
l
ywasav
eryspi
ri
tualonei
nmostcasesast
heheadoft
he
f
ami
l
yal
way
sinf
ormedt
hemember
stoador
ethei
rgods.Forexampl
etheLuy
ahof
Keny
abel
i
evedi
nagodcal
l
edNy
asay
ewhohadpowert
obl
essandcur
seany
one.

I
MPORTANCESOFCHI
LDRENI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY
`
 Theybr
oughthappi
nessi
nthehomebypl
ayi
ngar
oundandmaki
ngf
unt
othei
rpar
ent
s.

 Chi
l
drencl
ear
edt
hegr
avesoft
hei
rpar
ent
sandt
hehomeatl
arge.

 Chi
l
drenhel
pedt
opr
ovi
desecur
it
yfort
hef
ami
l
y.Thati
stosay
,incasesofext
ernal
at
tacks.

 Chi
l
drenencour
agedt
hei
rpar
ent
stowor
khar
dsi
ncet
her
ewassomeonet
oinher
itt
he
pr
oper
ty.

 Theypr
ovi
dedcompanyt
othewi
fe/
mot
heri
ntheabsenceofhusband/
fat
her
.

 Chi
l
drenensur
edadecentbur
ial
fort
hei
rpar
ent
s.

 Chi
l
drenseal
edmar
ri
ager
elat
ionshi
phenceguar
dingagai
nstdi
vor
ce.

 Manychi
l
dreni
nthef
ami
l
ywer
eseenasasi
gnofbl
essi
ngandweal
th.

 Bear
ingmanychi
l
drenwasi
mpor
tantf
ort
heexpansi
onoft
hecl
an.

 Chi
l
drenespeci
all
ythegi
rl
swer
elookedatasi
gnofweal
thbecauset
heybr
oughtt
o
t
hef
ami
l
yal
otofdowr
y.

 Chi
l
drenwer
easour
ceofl
abouri
nthef
ami
l
y.Forexampl
egr
azi
ngani
mal
s,di
ggi
ng
andf
etchi
ngf
ir
ewoodorwat
er.

 Hav
ingchi
l
drenpr
ovedt
hatbot
hpar
ent
sar
enor
mal
.

 Hav
ingmanychi
l
drenwasawayofr
esur
rect
ingt
hedeadbecausesomechi
l
drenwer
e
gi
vennamesoft
hedeadsoast
oremembert
hem.

 Chi
l
drenr
educedont
hecasesofpol
ygamywhi
chcoul
doccurasamanwasl
ooki
ng
f
orabet
terwoman.

 Par
ent
swer
eabl
etogethei
rsaf
tert
hei
rdeat
h.

HOW CHI
LDRENWEREEDUCATEDI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETI
ES

 Thef
ami
l
ywast
hef
ir
standbasi
cschoolwher
eev
erymemberoft
hesoci
etyr
ecei
ved
educat
ion.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on,t
hewhol
ecommuni
tywasr
esponsi
blei
ntheeducat
ionofhe
chi
l
drennotonl
yyourf
atherandmot
herandel
der
sint
hehome.

 Atev
eryst
ageofgr
owt
h,chi
l
drenr
ecei
veddi
ff
erentski
l
lsf
orexampl
eatadol
escent
st
age,t
heboy
srecei
vedski
l
lsf
rom t
heuncl
esandgr
andpar
ent
srecei
veski
l
lsl
i
ke
`
coki
ngandgar
deni
ngf
rom t
heaunt
sorgr
andmums.

 Taboosandnor
msofcul
tur
ewer
eemphasi
zedt
othemember
soft
hef
ami
l
ybyt
he
el
der
s.

 Atni
ght
,chi
l
drenwer
egat
her
edatf
ir
epl
aceswhi
chact
edascl
assr
oomswher
ethe
el
der
staughtt
hem mor
eaboutt
hei
rfami
l
ybackgr
oundandt
osur
viv
einl
i
fe.

 Ther
ewer
enodesi
gnedschool
sandt
eachi
ngsy
ll
abusbutchi
l
drenr
ecei
vedi
nfor
mal
educat
iont
hroughoutt
hedayi
nter
act
ingwi
tht
hei
rel
der
s.

 Fol
ktal
es,r
iddl
eswer
etol
dtot
hey
oungonesbyt
heel
der
sast
hewayofpr
epar
ing
t
hem t
obeagoodf
utur
eci
ti
zen.

 Heav
y puni
shment
s wer
e gi
ven t
othose t
hatcommi
tt
ed cr
imes.Forexampl
e
f
orni
cat
ionandadul
ter
yasawayofshowi
ngt
heot
her
sthati
twasbad.

 Ami
sbehav
ingchi
l
dcoul
dal
sobegi
venal
esson(
puni
shment
)byst
arv
inghi
m/her
al
sot
ogi
vet
her
estawar
ningt
odoi
t.

 Themal
eel
der
lymember
soft
hecommuni
tyhadat
askoft
eachi
ngt
hemal
eyoung
onest
heski
l
lst
heyneedasmeni
nli
fewhi
l
ethef
emal
eel
der
lymember
sdi
dthesame
t
othef
emal
eyoungones.

 They
oungwer
etaughtr
ightf
rom t
hest
art(
chi
l
dhood)sucht
haty
ougr
owupwi
tht
he
spi
ri
toft
eam wor
k.

 Pr
over
bswer
eof
tenusedbyt
heel
der
stoemphasi
zesomei
ssuest
othey
oungones.

 Somet
imesmy
thswer
etaughtt
othey
oungoneasawayofsecur
ingt
hem f
rom doi
ng
unhumanbehav
iour
s.

RESPONSI
BLEPARENTHOODI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY

Thi
sisasi
tuat
ionoranactofapar
entwhot
ookcar
eoft
hechi
l
dreni
namor
all
y
upr
ightway
.

Responsi
blepar
ent
hoodi
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
oni
nvol
vedt
hef
oll
owi
ng;

 Responsi
blepar
ent
stookupt
hei
rrol
eofpuni
shi
ngchi
l
drenwhocommi
tt
edcr
imes
whi
l
eont
heot
hersi
de,asr
esponsi
blepar
ent
s,t
heyr
ewar
dedchi
l
drenwhower
ewel
l
behav
edl
i
kecanni
ngandgi
vi
ngapi
eceofcl
othl
i
keashi
rtt
oaboyr
espect
ivel
y.

 Responsi
blepar
ent
staughtt
hei
rchi
l
drent
hebasi
cski
l
lsofl
i
fe.Fori
nst
ancet
heboy
s
`
wer
etaughtbyt
heuncl
esandf
urt
herski
l
lsl
i
kehunt
ingandcar
pent
rywhi
l
ethemot
her
andt
heauntcoul
dteacht
hegi
rlski
l
lsofpeel
i
ngandcooki
ngf
ood.

 Par
ent
sinAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onbehav
edr
esponsi
blet
hroughpr
ovi
dingsecur
it
ytot
hei
r
home.Thati
stosay
,thef
atherusedt
ocr
eat
eaf
encear
oundt
hehomesomet
imesby
useofr
eeds.

 Sexeducat
ionwast
aughtt
obot
hgi
rl
sandboy
ssoast
ogr
ow upknowi
nghow t
o
behav
eandwhatt
odobasi
ngondi
ff
erentst
agesofgr
owt
handdev
elopment
.For
i
nst
ance,
agi
rlsoonj
oini
ngmar
ri
agewoul
dbeeducat
edonhowt
ohandl
ethehusband,
keepher
sel
fandt
hecompoundcl
eanandal
sol
ear
ncooki
ngski
l
ls.

 Thepar
ent
sofAf
ri
can t
radi
ti
onbehav
ed r
esponsi
blet
hrought
eachi
ng t
hey
oung
gener
ati
onaboutt
hepastev
ent
s. Thi
scoul
denabl
ethey
oungonest
ogr
ow up
knowi
ngwhatt
oav
oidandhowt
ogoaboutcer
tai
nissuesi
nli
fe.

 Thepar
ent
staughtt
hey
oungonespr
operr
espectofel
der
sint
hesoci
ety
.Forexampl
e
i
nBuganda,gi
rl
swer
etaughtt
ogr
eetel
der
swhi
l
ekneel
i
ngandaddr
essel
der
swi
th
cl
eart
it
lesl
i
keSsebo(
fat
her
)andNny
abo(
mot
her
).

 Ther
esponsi
blepar
ent
sinAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
on.Thati
stosay
,fat
herhadt
owor
ksohar
d
t
oaccumul
ateenought
hatcoul
dsust
aint
hef
ami
l
y. Thesameweal
thcoul
dbeused
f
orshar
ingamonghi
schi
l
drenwhent
hef
atherdi
edandt
hisr
educedconf
li
ct.

 Responsi
blepar
ent
hoodi
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
oni
nvol
vedt
hef
atherwr
it
ingawi
l
lsucht
hat
whenhedi
edt
hechi
l
drencoul
dknowt
hei
rshar
esi
nthef
ami
l
y.

 I
tal
soi
nvol
vedpar
ent
staki
ngpar
tinchoosi
ngt
hemar
ri
agepar
tnerf
ort
hei
rchi
l
dren.
Thi
swoul
dhel
ptoav
oidchi
l
drenbr
ingi
ngpar
tner
sthatwoul
dbeofbadbackgr
ound.

 Ar
esponsi
blepar
entwentaheadt
ohel
pthechi
l
drengetmar
ri
edbypay
ingf
ort
hem
br
ideweal
th.

 Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onpar
ent
sal
so showed si
gnsofr
esponsi
bil
i
tyt
hrought
ransmi
tt
ing
soci
alcul
tur
alv
aluest
othey
oungones.Forexampl
etheact
sofci
rcumci
sionwhi
ch
wer
esocommoni
ntr
ibesl
i
ket
heSebei
andGi
shu.

 I
tinv
olv
edpar
ent
staki
ngupt
hei
nit
iat
iveandt
eachi
ngt
hey
oungonest
obeawar
eof
t
hei
rrel
ati
vesandf
ri
ends. Forexampl
echi
l
drencoul
dbesentt
othei
rdi
stantuncl
e
orauntt
olear
nmor
eabouthi
sorherr
elat
ives.
`
 Responsi
blemot
her
sofAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
sot
ookupt
hei
rdut
yofbr
ingi
ngupchi
l
dren
i
nmor
all
yupr
ightway
. Forexampl
eonhowt
ospeaki
npubl
i
c,gooddi
sci
pli
ne
ofcl
othi
ngandhowt
oeat
.

 Responsi
ble par
ent
staughtchi
l
dren el
ement
s ofsoci
ali
zat
ion.Forexampl
ethey
mov
ed wi
th chi
l
dren t
o at
tend cul
tur
alf
unct
ions l
i
ke weddi
ngs ordoi
ng ot
her
communi
tyact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kecl
eani
ngupt
hewel
l
.

FAMI
LYLI
FEEDUCATI
ONI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY

Thi
sist
heki
ndofeducat
iont
hatwasi
mpar
tedbyt
hepeopl
eofl
ongagot
othey
oung
ones bef
oret
he i
ntr
oduct
ion oft
he west
ern st
ylef
ormaleducat
ion. I
twas
admi
nist
eredbyuncl
esandaunt
spl
usot
herseni
ors.

THEI
MPORTANCEOFFAMI
LYLI
FEEDUCATI
ON(
INFORMAL)

 Thi
ski
ndofeducat
ioni
mpar
tedl
i
feski
l
lsupont
hey
out
hforf
utur
esur
viv
al. For
i
nst
anceboy
sinBugandacoul
dbet
aughtski
l
lsofhunt
ingsot
hatwoul
dhel
pthem t
o
f
eedt
hei
rfami
l
iesi
nfut
ure.

 I
temphasi
zed t
heneed f
orobedi
enceand r
espectespeci
all
yfort
heel
der
s.For
exampl
einBugandagi
rl
swer
etaughtt
oshow t
hei
robedi
encet
otheel
der
sgr
eet
ing
t
hem whi
l
ekneel
i
ng.

 Thi
ski
ndofeducat
ionenhanceduni
tyi
nthesoci
etybyemphasi
zi
ngt
hatal
lpeopl
e
bel
ongi
ngt
othesamebl
oodort
ri
bewasabr
otherorsi
ster
.Forexampl
eamongt
he
Bany
ankol
e,anymemberoft
hef
ami
l
ywasf
reet
osl
eepwi
thanyoft
hewi
vesathome
andt
hiswasnotadul
ter
y.

 I
tpr
omot
edendur
anceandhar
dwor
kast
hey
out
hwer
etaughtt
obehar
d-wor
king.
Fori
nst
ancet
heMasaici
rcumci
sedaboyandwoul
dnotbegi
venanypai
nki
l
lert
otest
howhecoul
dendur
ethepai
n.

 Thi
ski
ndofeducat
ionhel
pedt
opr
omot
ecul
tur
alv
alues. Fori
nst
ance,t
heBaganda
usedt
ocal
lupont
hei
rgi
rl
stov
isi
tthebushandel
ongat
ethei
rpr
ivat
epar
tsasamar
k
oft
ransi
ti
ont
oadul
thood.

 Fami
l
yli
feeducat
iont
aughtt
hegi
rl
swhatt
heyneededt
odoi
nor
dert
okeept
hei
r
`
mar
ri
agesgoi
ng. Fori
nst
ance,
amongt
heBany
orot
hesegi
rl
swer
etol
dtodenyt
hei
r
husbandssex.

 Hy
gienewasemphasi
zedi
nthi
ski
ndofeducat
ionmor
esot
othegi
rlchi
l
d. They
wer
ewar
nednev
ert
oletany
bodyknowt
heywer
einper
iods.

 Thi
ski
ndofeducat
ionenabl
edgi
rl
stoknowdi
ff
erenther
bst
hatcoul
dbeusedt
otr
eat
member
soft
hei
rfami
l
iesi
ftheyf
ellsi
ck. Fori
nst
ance,t
heSami
awomenshowed
t
hei
rgi
rl
s“omul
uluza”asadr
ugf
ormal
ari
a.

 I
nfor
maleducat
ionpr
omot
edpr
eser
vat
ionoft
hegi
rl
’sv
irgi
nit
yinor
dert
oear
nmor
ein
f
utur
eatt
het
imeofmar
ri
age.Amongt
heBaki
ga,agi
rlwhogotpr
egnantbef
ore
mar
ri
agewoul
dbet
hrownof
fthecl
i
fft
odi
e.

 Fami
l
yli
feeducat
ionhel
pedt
otr
ainper
sonsf
ort
hei
rdi
ff
erentr
oles. Forexampl
e
amongt
heBahi
mat
heboy
swer
eresponsi
blef
orl
ooki
ngaf
terani
mal
sandgi
rl
sdi
d
domest
icwor
k.

 Thi
seducat
iont
aughtt
hey
ounghowt
orel
atei
nsoci
ety
.Thati
stosay
,bydescr
ibi
ng
t
othem pr
operbehav
iour
sonhowt
oli
veasboyandgi
rlnotev
enf
rom t
hesamef
ami
l
y
butascl
osef
ri
endsonl
y.

THEWEAKNESSESORDI
SADVANTAGESOFI
NFORMALEDUCATI
ON

 I
twassosubj
ugat
ive.Womenwer
ehi
ghl
yoppr
essed.Forexampl
e,amongt
heAl
ur
womenwer
enotal
l
owedt
omakeanycont
ri
but
iont
owar
dscl
anmeet
ings.

 Thi
ski
ndofeducat
ionwasdegr
adi
ngt
owomen.Forexampl
e,amongt
heBasoga,a
gi
rlwhor
efusedt
ovi
sitt
hebushorf
ear
edmenwhowoul
dbeundr
essedandt
iedupi
n
t
hecour
tyar
d.Mi
l
letwoul
dbepour
edar
oundherpr
ivat
epar
tsandchi
ckensbr
oughtt
o
peckt
hem.

 Ther
ewer
ecasesofsel
fi
shnessi
nthi
ski
ndofeducat
ion. Someknowl
edgeabl
e
peopl
edi
dnotwantt
oshar
ethei
rski
l
lswi
thot
her
s.Forexampl
e,t
heJal
uobl
ack
smi
thswer
enotwi
l
li
ngt
oteachot
hermember
sfr
eel
yhowt
omakespear
sandar
rows.

 I
tsomet
imescr
eat
edl
ongt
erm hat
edf
ori
nst
ancet
heBagandachi
l
drenwer
etaughtt
o
hat
etheBany
oroandv
icev
ersabecauseofhi
stor
ical
riv
alr
y.

 I
nthi
sfami
l
yli
feeducat
ion,gi
rl
swer
etaughtsexuali
mmor
ali
tyi
nawayt
hati
nsome
soci
eti
esagi
rlwasf
reet
osl
eepwi
thanybr
otherofherhusband. Howev
ert
hiscoul
d
`
l
eadt
ohi
ghspr
eadofdi
seasesl
i
kecancr
oids.

 Thi
seducat
ionwasdi
scr
imi
nat
ivebasi
cal
l
ytot
hewomenwhower
elookedatas
beast
sofbur
den. Fori
nst
anceamongt
heBaki
ga,
thewomenandchi
l
drencar
ri
edout
gar
denwor
kwhi
l
emensatdowndr
inki
ngl
ocal
brewcal
l
ed“
mul
amba”
.

 Ther
ewasal
otofexagger
ati
oni
nthi
ski
ndofeducat
ionsi
ncet
her
ewasnocl
ear
sy
ll
abusorf
ormul
aef
ort
eachi
ngandeachuncl
eorauntf
oll
owedhi
sorherown
f
ormat
.Forexampl
e,i
nBugandat
hey
out
hwer
escar
edf
rom si
tt
ingneargi
rl
sbecause
t
her
eisf
ir
einsi
det
hei
rpr
ivat
epar
ts.

 Thi
ski
ndofeducat
ionwasv
eryconser
vat
iveandr
igi
d.Thati
stosay
,notaccept
ing
newi
deasl
i
kei
nBugandaawomanwoul
dnotcomeupwi
thherowni
deasonhowt
o
dr
ess.

Whatwer
ethepr
obl
ems/
chal
lengesf
acedi
ntheAf
ri
canf
ami
li
es?

 Foodt
aboosexi
stedi
nAf
ri
canf
ami
l
ies.Womenwer
edeni
edcer
tai
nfoodst
uff
sli
ke
eggs,chi
ckenandf
ishwer
eal
lformenamongt
heBaganda,BasogaandBany
ankol
e
soci
eti
es.

 Wi
dow i
nher
it
ancewasapr
obl
em andi
tdeni
edwomenachanceoff
reechoi
cet
o
r
emar
ry. Shewasf
orcef
ull
ytakenov
erbyamal
erel
ati
vef
orexampl
eamongt
he
Baganda,
BasogaandBany
ankol
e.

 For
cedmar
ri
ageswer
erecogni
zedwhi
chputv
ict
imst
hati
sthewomeni
ntosuf
fer
ing.

 Fami
l
ies/
tri
besl
i
ket
heI
tesot
s,MasaiandKar
amaj
ongshadgr
eedf
ormat
eri
alweal
th
l
i
kecat
tl
ewhendemandi
ngf
orbr
ideweal
th

 Pol
ygamywascommonandi
tcont
ri
but
edt
o quar
rel
sand f
ight
samongwomen,
chi
l
drenf
orexampl
emostBaganda,
Basoga,
Bany
ankol
ewer
epol
ygamous.

 Bar
renwomenwer
eregar
dedasout
cast
sandmannev
eraccept
edt
hatt
heywer
e
i
nfer
ti
le.

 Womenwer
econsi
der
edbymenasi
nfer
iori
nthef
ami
l
ies.Theynev
ercont
ri
but
ed
i
deast
othewel
l
-bei
ngoft
hef
ami
l
y,t
heywer
edeni
edl
eader
shi
prol
es. Al
lthi
s
showedi
nequal
i
ty.

 Wi
tchcr
aftwasv
erycommon. Thi
swasi
nfor
m ofpoi
soni
ng,cast
inganev
iley
e
whi
chcausedconf
li
ctsanddeat
hinf
ami
l
ies.
`
 Mar
it
alunf
ait
hful
nessespeci
all
yadul
ter
ywasy
etanot
herpr
obl
em f
acedwhi
chcoul
d
ev
enl
eadt
oquar
rel
s. Womencaughti
nadul
ter
ywer
epuni
shedheav
il
yli
kedi
vor
ce
whi
l
emencont
inuedt
obeunf
ait
hful
.

 Pov
ert
ywasanot
hercommonpr
obl
em i
nAf
ri
canf
ami
l
ies. Somet
imest
hef
ather
coul
dlackbasi
cneedssuchasshel
terandmedi
cine.

 Di
seasesl
i
ket
yphoi
d,mal
ari
aandsmal
lpoxcausedsuf
fer
ingi
nAf
ri
canf
ami
l
ies.
Peopl
elostl
i
vesduet
olackofpr
opert
reat
mentf
ordi
seasesl
i
kegonor
rheaand
sy
phi
l
is.

 Ther
ewer
eear
lymar
ri
ages(
for
cedmar
ri
age)
.Somepar
ent
schosemar
ri
agepar
tner
s
f
ort
hei
rchi
l
drenbecauseofpay
mentofbr
ideweal
thwhi
chwasconsi
der
edasbuy
ing
gi
rl
s.

THEGENERATI
ONGAP

Thi
sref
erst
othedi
ff
erencei
nat
ti
tudeorr
eact
iont
owar
dssomet
hingbet
weent
he
y
out
handt
heol
dergener
ati
on. I
not
herwor
ds,
iti
sthef
ail
ureori
nabi
l
ityoft
hey
oung
(
adol
escent
s)andt
heol
dergener
ati
onst
ocommuni
cat
eandunder
standeachot
her
’s
behav
iour
s.

CAUSES

 Thei
ntr
oduct
ionoff
ormaleducat
ionhaswi
denedt
hegapbet
weent
hey
oungandt
he
ol
d.I
tst
ressesmor
etheacademi
cissuesandl
i
vesl
i
ttl
eornot
imef
ort
heel
der
sto
educat
ethei
ryoungonesonmor
ali
ssues.

 Thef
ormsofl
eisur
eenj
oyedt
odayhav
echangedt
heat
ti
tudebet
weent
hey
oungand
ol
dgener
ati
on. Fori
nst
anceatweddi
ngs,t
hey
oungpr
eferpl
ayi
ngdi
scomusi
cto
hi
ri
ngt
radi
ti
onaldancer
sli
keNanduj
j
atoper
for
m att
hef
unct
ionhencecausi
ngt
he
gener
ati
ongap.

 Themoder
ndr
essi
ngf
ashi
onshav
eal
soupsett
heol
dgener
ati
onsandy
ett
hey
oung
ar
ever
ycomf
ort
abl
ewi
tht
hem. Fori
nst
ancei
ntownsmanyy
ounggi
rl
slov
eput
ti
ng
onKundishowsexposi
ngt
hei
rbel
l
iesandl
eggi
ngsbutol
dgener
ati
onf
il
lthi
sis
i
ndecentdr
essi
ng.

 Themoder
nwi
rel
esst
echnol
ogyl
i
kephoneshasal
sowi
denedt
hegapbet
weent
he
`
y
out
handt
heel
der
s.They
out
hof
tengot
othei
nter
netcaf
esandaccesspor
nogr
aphi
c
pi
ctur
eswhi
chmaket
hem r
esi
stt
headv
iceofel
der
stoabst
ain.

 Manyy
oungpeopl
econsi
derwest
ernl
i
fest
ylet
obebet
tert
hant
heAf
ri
canst
ylewhi
ch
l
eadst
oignor
ingt
headv
iceoft
hepar
ent
s. Manywantt
ocopyt
heAmer
icanst
yle
wher
eat
eenageri
ntr
oducesherboy
fri
endt
oherpar
ent
snott
hepar
ent
schoosi
ngf
or
her
.

 Thei
ntr
oduct
ionofwest
ernr
eli
gionhascausedagapbet
weent
hey
out
handt
hei
r
par
ent
s. Fori
nst
ancei
nKeny
a,f
emal
eci
rcumci
sionwascondemnedbyt
her
eli
gious
l
eader
stowar
dst
heKi
kuy
ugi
rl
s. Hencecausi
ngconf
li
ctbet
weent
het
radi
ti
onal
i
sts
andr
eli
giousl
eader
s.

 I
nadequat
esexeducat
iont
hey
out
hobt
aint
odayhascr
eat
edagapbet
weent
hem and
t
heel
der
s. Ther
efor
etheadol
escent
stheseday
snol
ongerwantt
ogof
orbush
school
scl
aimi
ngt
heyar
eol
dfashi
oned.

 Pol
i
ticaldi
ff
erenceshav
eal
socr
eat
edagapbet
weent
hey
out
handt
heel
der
s. For
i
nst
ancemanyst
udent
sinuni
ver
sit
iesl
i
keMaker
eresuppor
topposi
ti
onsi
dewhi
l
e
t
hei
rpar
ent
spr
eferpr
esi
dentMusev
eni
whowi
l
lbr
ingpeaceandst
abi
l
ityi
nthecount
ry.

 Thecomi
ngofnewdi
seaseshasal
socausedt
hegener
ati
ongap.They
out
hnowaday
s
donotr
espectcul
tur
alpr
act
icesl
i
keci
rcumci
sionamongt
heSebeicl
aimi
ngt
heycan
i
nfectt
hem wi
thAI
DSwher
east
hei
rpar
ent
scont
inuedemandi
ngt
hey
out
htogof
ori
t.

 Thegener
ati
ongapi
scr
eat
edbyov
eremphasi
sonhumanr
ight
s(chi
l
dren’
sri
ght
s).
Par
ent
sar
enol
ongerf
reet
opuni
sht
hei
rchi
l
drenast
heyusedt
o,l
ongagobecauseof
t
heser
ight
s.Hencemaki
ngt
hechi
l
drenbecomebi
dheaded.

 Themi
sunder
standi
ngbet
weent
hey
out
handel
der
stodaysomet
imescomesf
rom t
he
aggr
essi
venessofsomepar
ent
s.Fori
nst
ancet
hest
epmot
herofNabukeer
aAi
sha
andt
hepar
ent
sofl
ateEnockSsebangawhot
ort
uredt
hem.

 Manyy
out
htodayar
epor
ous(
arr
ogant
)anddonotl
i
ket
oident
if
y/associ
atewi
tht
he
ol
dgener
ati
on. Theyt
aket
hemsel
vest
obebet
tereducat
edandmor
eunder
standi
ng
compar
edt
othei
rpar
ent
s.

HOW CANTHEGENERATI
ONGAPBEBRI
DGEDI
NACHRI
STI
ANFAMI
LY?

Thepr
obl
em ofgener
ati
ongapcanbebr
idgedi
nChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
ybyt
aki
ngnot
eoft
he
`
f
oll
owi
ng;

 Chr
ist
iancoupl
esoughtt
otakeupt
her
esponsi
bil
i
tyofpar
ent
ingt
hei
rchi
l
drenr
ather
t
hanl
eav
ingi
ttot
hehousegi
rl
swhosomet
imesmi
sleadt
hem (
Prov
erbs12:
1ff
)

 Par
ent
sshoul
dlov
ethei
rchi
l
drenuncondi
ti
onal
l
yaf
tert
heyar
eGod’
sbl
essi
ngsi
n
mar
ri
age.Wi
tht
hist
heyshoul
dcopyt
heexampl
eofJosephandMar
ywhoshowed
gr
eatl
ovet
othei
rsonJesus.

 Par
ent
sshoul
dneedt
oassumet
hei
rdi
vi
neassi
gnmentofdi
sci
pli
ningt
hei
rchi
l
dren.
Ki
ngSol
omonal
sohi
ntedont
hiswhenhesai
d“spar
ether
odandspoi
lthechi
l
d”
(
Prov
erbs23:
13)
.

 I
naChr
ist
ianv
iew,whi
l
edi
sci
pli
ningchi
l
dren,par
ent
sshoul
dexer
cisesel
f-cont
rolt
o
i
njur
ethei
rchi
l
drenwhi
chcanmaket
hem becomest
ubbor
n. Thi
swasPaul
’
sadv
ice
t
otheEphesi
ans6:
4.

 Bot
hel
der
sandt
hey
out
hneedt
obecar
efulaboutt
heki
doff
ri
endst
heypi
ckonsi
nce
suchpeer
smaydest
royt
hei
rfami
l
yrel
ati
ons. Thi
siscopi
edf
rom Paul
’
slet
tert
o1
Cor
int
hians15:
33.

 Thegapcanbebr
idgedonl
yifChr
ist
iansl
ear
ntheneedf
orpr
ayer
.Af
ami
l
ywhi
ch
pr
ayst
oget
herandst
ayst
oget
herl
i
ket
hatofJosephandMar
ythepar
ent
sofJesus
canhav
est
abi
l
ity
.

 Thegener
ati
ongapcanbebr
idgedi
naChr
ist
ianf
ami
l
ybyr
eadi
ngscr
ipt
uresbybot
h
par
ent
sandt
hechi
l
dren(
Eph5:
22,
6:6)

 Ther
eisneedf
orChr
ist
ianpar
ent
stov
isi
trel
i
giousel
der
sforgui
danceandcounsel
i
ng
t
oimpr
ovet
hei
rrel
ati
onshi
p.

 Pat
iencebet
weenpar
ent
sandt
hei
rchi
l
drenneedt
obeexer
cised.Thi
sisi
nli
newi
th
f
oll
owi
ngt
heexampl
eofKi
ngDav
idandhi
srebel
l
ioussonAbsal
om.

 Chr
ist
ianpar
ent
swi
thr
ebel
l
iouschi
l
drenshoul
drecei
vet
hem backwi
thopenar
ms
whent
heychangef
rom t
hei
rbadact
s. Thi
swoul
dbef
oll
owi
ngt
hepar
abl
eoft
he
pr
odi
gal
soni
nLuke15.

 Par
ent
s,l
i
ket
eacher
sshoul
dber
olemodel
stot
hey
oungones.Thi
swoul
dhel
pthe
y
oungonesdev
elopwi
thgoodchar
act
ersi
nfut
ure.Theyshoul
dcopyt
heexampl
eof
r
elat
ionshi
pthatexi
stedi
ntheear
lychur
chbet
weenJohnMar
kandPet
erorPauland
`
Bar
nabuswhowor
kedt
oget
heri
nhar
mony
.

 Ther
eoughtt
ober
espectbet
weenpar
ent
sandchi
l
dren.Thi
siswhati
sexpect
edofa
Chr
ist
ianf
ami
l
yaccor
dingot
hebookofEphesi
ans6:
1-4.

 Chi
l
drenshoul
duncondi
ti
onal
l
yobeyandsubmi
ttot
hei
rpar
ent
sbecauset
hisi
swhat
Godexpect
soft
hem.Thi
swoul
dal
sobeobedi
encet
otheTenCommandment
sgi
ven
i
nExodus20.

 They
out
hshoul
dsubmi
ttot
heel
der
sandt
oget
hert
her
eshoul
dexi
sthumi
l
ityand
sel
fl
essser
vicet
ooneanot
hersot
hatGodmayl
i
ftt
hem up(
1Pet
er5:
5)

CHI
LDABUSE

Thi
sref
erst
oanyactwhi
chpur
posef
ull
yvi
olet
sther
ight
sofchi
l
dren. I
tmi
ght
mani
festi
tsel
fint
hef
oll
owi
ngway
s;

St
arv
ati
on,cor
por
alpuni
shment
,chi
l
dnegl
ectandabandonment
,tor
tur
eanddeni
alof
basi
cneedsl
i
keeducat
ion,
medi
cat
ionandcl
othi
ng

CAUSES

 Chi
l
dabusei
scausedbyl
ackofpar
ent
all
oveandr
esponsi
bil
i
tyt
othei
rchi
l
dren.For
exampl
e,i
n2000,EnockSsebangaofBwai
se,Kal
erwewasdeni
edf
oodbyhi
sst
ep
mot
herandf
ather
.

 Att
imesv
iol
ati
onoft
hechi
l
dren’
sri
ght
siscausedbypol
i
ticali
nst
abi
l
ity
.Suchci
vi
l
war
sinacount
ryl
i
keSudanhav
emadepar
ent
stonegl
ectt
hei
rrol
eofpay
ingschool
f
ees,
clot
hingandmedi
cal
car
ebecauseofhi
ghpov
ert
y.

 Peopl
e’
sbel
i
efi
nwi
tchcr
afthasal
sor
esul
tedi
ntochi
l
dsacr
if
ice.Fori
nst
ance,Kat
o
Kaj
ubi
whoi
nvol
vedi
nthemassacr
edJosephKasi
ryei
nMasaka.

 Att
imesext
remepov
ert
yhasr
esul
tedi
ntochi
l
dabuse.Somepar
ent
sgi
vei
nthei
r
daught
erst
ori
chmenwhopr
omi
set
ogi
vet
hem somegoodbr
idepr
ice.

 Some-
ti
mesv
iol
ati
onofchi
l
dren’
sri
ght
siscausedbyser
iousj
uveni
l
edi
l
igent
ly.
Chi
l
drensneakoutoft
hei
rpar
ent
s’homeandi
nthepr
ocesst
heyhav
ethei
rri
ght
s
abused. Theymov
etodi
scot
hequesl
i
kecl
ubsi
l
kandAngenoi
rwher
etheyendup
bei
ngbeat
enf
ordeny
ingsext
othest
ranger
s.

 Somecul
tur
aldemandscausev
iol
ati
onofchi
l
dren’
sri
ght
s.Fori
nst
anceamongt
he
Bahi
ma,
theybel
i
evet
hatwhenagi
rli
srapedandshey
ell
sthecowswi
l
ldi
esot
heyar
e
`
notal
l
owedt
oyel
lwhent
heyar
erapedt
okeepqui
etsot
hatcowsdonotdi
e.

 I
gnor
anceofchi
l
dren’
sri
ght
shaskeptsomeoft
hem t
oremai
nbei
ngabusedsexual
l
y.
Fori
nst
ancesomegi
rl
sar
efor
cedi
ntomar
ri
agebyt
hei
rpar
ent
sorr
elat
iveswher
e
t
heysuf
feral
otbutdonotknowwher
etor
epor
t.

 Chi
l
dabusei
satt
imesaconsequenceofal
cohol
i
sm. Fori
nst
ancei
nKi
vul
usl
umsi
n
Kampal
apeopl
ewho spend mostoft
hei
rti
medr
inki
ng end up mi
str
eat
ing t
hei
r
chi
l
drenathomewhent
heygoback.Forexampl
edeny
ingt
hem school
feesorf
ood.

 Manypar
ent
stodayhav
elostt
hei
rrel
i
giousconv
ict
ion/
fai
thandsot
hei
rchi
l
drendo
nothav
etr
usti
nthem. Hencet
hishascausedmor
echi
l
drenv
iol
ati
ngt
heor
der
sof
t
hei
rpar
ent
s.

 Ext
remegr
eed f
ormat
eri
alweal
thhasal
so caused i
ncr
eased chi
l
d abuse.Many
par
ent
sfr
om Nor
ther
nUgandahav
eendedupl
osi
ngt
hei
rchi
l
drenf
orsel
fai
ms.Thati
s
t
osay
,theyputt
hei
rchi
l
drenonst
reet
sasbeggar
stomobi
l
izef
reemoneyf
ort
hem.

 Somechi
l
drenar
eabusedbyr
ebel
s.Whent
heyat
tackanar
ea.Theyabductchi
l
dren
andt
aket
hem assexobj
ect
s. Fori
nst
anceJosephKonyhasbeendoi
ngi
tfr
equent
ly
i
nNor
ther
nUgandai
nthepast1y
earandhasov
er20wi
vessomeoft
hegi
rl
s
abduct
edf
rom Abokegi
rl
ssecondar
yschool
.

STREETCHI
LDREN

Thesear
echi
l
drenwhohav
ebeenf
orcedt
osur
viv
ewhi
l
eonst
reet
s.Theyear
nal
i
ving
usual
l
yfr
om beggi
ngandst
eal
i
ngpeopl
e’
spr
oper
tyl
i
kepi
ckpocket
ingbutmaybe
i
nvol
vedi
nsomeoddt
ypesofj
obsl
i
kecar
ryi
ngcar
gof
rom onecor
nert
oanot
her
.

CAUSES

 Manyst
reetchi
l
drenar
econsequenceofHI
V/AI
Dspandemi
cwhi
chl
eftt
hem or
phaned
wi
thnoonet
olookaf
tert
hem. Thi
siscommonwi
thchi
l
drenf
oundi
nMasakaand
Mbal
etownswhol
ostt
hei
rpar
ent
sinRakai
dist
ri
ctdur
ingt
he1980sand1990s.

 Manypeopl
ecomeonst
reet
sbecauseoft
hedev
ast
ati
ngef
fect
sofwari
nthei
rhome
l
ocal
i
ty. Fori
nst
ancei
nGul
u,Kar
amoj
aandLi
rai
nthepast10y
ear
smanychi
l
dren
r
ant
onei
ghbour
ingdi
str
ict
sli
keKampal
abecauseofJosephKony
’swar
s.

 Lackofcl
eargov
ernmentpol
i
cycombat
ingst
reetchi
l
drenhasl
edt
othei
rincr
eased
numberonst
reet
s.
`
 Thei
ncr
easednumberofnon-
gov
ernmentor
gani
zat
ionst
hatext
endhel
ptochi
l
dren
onst
reet
shav
eencour
agedmor
etost
ayt
her
e.Suchagenci
esl
i
kef
ri
endofchi
l
dren
associ
ati
onhav
eencour
agedt
hechi
l
drent
oremai
nonst
reet
sexpect
inghel
p.

 Ther
e ar
e manywomen who engage i
n car
eless sexualbehav
iour
s and end up
concei
vi
ng and bear
ing chi
l
dren. Forsuch chi
l
dren wi
thoutcl
earf
ather
s ar
e
somet
imesabandonedont
hest
reet
sbyt
hei
rmot
her
saf
tert
heyhadgr
ownupabi
t.

 Thei
mpactofst
epmot
her
shasi
ncr
easedst
reetchi
l
dren.Manyoft
hechi
l
drenf
ound
i
nKampal
aci
tywheni
nter
viewedwhyt
heycameonst
reet
scl
aimedt
hatt
hei
rst
ep
mot
her
swer
emi
str
eat
ingt
hem.

 Ther
ear
emanypar
ent
saf
tersuf
fer
ingf
rom gr
eatpov
ert
ywi
l
li
ngl
ysendt
hei
rchi
l
dren
t
othest
reet
sbecauset
heycannotpr
ovi
def
ort
hem necessi
ti
es. Thi
sist
hecasewi
th
chi
l
dreni
npl
acesl
i
keNaki
vubo,
Kikaj
j
osl
um i
nKampal
a.

 Somet
imeschi
l
drenf
lockt
hest
reet
sbecauset
hegov
ernmenthasr
elocat
edt
hem
f
rom t
hei
ror
igi
nalhomes. Thi
scameasar
esul
tofest
abl
i
shi
ngaf
act
ory
,ar
oador
bei
ngaf
fect
edbyl
andsl
i
des.Forexampl
epeopl
einBuduuda.

 Manychi
l
drenr
unt
ost
reet
sbecauseoft
hemi
sconcept
ionoft
hechi
l
d’sr
ight
s. I
f
t
heyar
etol
dtodoev
enal
i
ttl
ewor
kathomeorar
erepr
imanded,t
heyov
err
eactand
r
unawayt
othest
reet
s.

 Ther
ear
emanypar
ent
swhosendt
hei
rchi
l
drent
othest
reetpur
posel
ytobegf
ora
l
i
vingbecauset
heyar
elazyandcannotear
nthei
rmoneyhonour
abl
y.Forexampl
ethe
Kar
amoj
awomenar
egoodatput
ti
ngt
hei
rchi
l
drenonKampal
ast
reet
s.

 Ther
ear
ecasesofst
reetchi
l
drenar
isi
ngf
rom br
okenmar
ri
ages.Whent
hemot
herand
f
athersepar
ate,
thechi
l
drenmaywi
nduponst
reet
s.

 Adecl
i
nei
nrel
i
giousandt
radi
ti
onalv
aluesal
soexpl
ainst
her
ampantcasesofst
reet
chi
l
dren. Manyoft
hem l
ackgui
danceandcounsel
i
ngf
rom t
hei
rr
esponsi
blepar
ent
s.

 Theexi
stenceofpeaceandsecur
it
yinur
banar
easi
ncont
rastwi
thmanyr
uralar
eas
al
soexpl
ainswhyt
hecasesofmanyst
reetchi
l
drenar
eoni
ncr
easei
ntownsl
i
ke
Kampal
a,Mukono,
Jinj
a,MasakaandMasi
ndi
.

 Manyy
oungboy
sgot
othest
reetbecauset
heyar
eper
suadedori
nfl
uencedbyt
hei
r
peer
swhomayal
readybesur
viv
ingwel
lont
hest
reet
s.
`
CHRI
STI
ANSOLUTI
ONSTOTHEPROBLEM OFSTREETCHI
LDREN

AChr
ist
iancancont
ri
but
etowar
dssol
vi
ngt
hepr
obl
em ofst
reetchi
l
drenbyensur
ing
t
hef
oll
owi
ng;

 Chr
ist
iansneedt
oensur
emar
ri
ageandf
ami
l
yst
abi
l
ityi
nor
dert
oensur
etheout
fl
owof
chi
l
dren. Theycandot
hisbyf
oll
owi
ngt
heexampl
eofHoseawhol
ovedandf
orgav
e
hi
sadul
ter
ouswi
feGomer
.

 Thel
eader
soft
hechur
chshoul
deducat
epeopl
eaboutt
hedanger
sandef
fect
soft
he
br
okenf
ami
l
iessi
ncet
heyar
ethecausesofst
reetchi
l
dren.

 Rel
i
giousl
eader
sshoul
dinv
olv
einpeacet
alkssoast
oceasewar
sint
hecount
ry
whi
chcr
eat
est
reetchi
l
dren. Theycandot
hisbyf
oll
owi
ngt
het
eachi
ngsi
nMat
thew
5:
9.

 Peopl
eneedt
oappr
eci
atet
hatpar
ent
hoodi
sav
ocat
ion/
cal
l
ingf
rom Godsoshoul
d
l
ookaf
tert
hei
rchi
l
drenev
eni
nti
mesoft
roubl
e.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dadoptchi
l
drenwhoar
eonst
reet
sandgi
vet
hem homesi
nthei
r
homes. Thi
swoul
dbei
nli
newi
tht
eachi
ngi
nMat
hew25:
35.

 Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
opr
eacht
hespi
ri
toff
orgi
venessandr
econci
l
iat
ionamong
member
soft
hef
ami
l
y.Thati
stosay
,par
ent
sandt
hei
rchi
l
drencopy
ingt
heexampl
e
oft
hest
oryoft
hepr
odi
gal
soni
nLuke15:
11-
32.

 Chr
ist
ianpar
ent
sar
eur
gedt
odi
sci
pli
net
hei
rchi
l
drencaut
iousl
yandwi
thi
nthel
i
mit
andi
nor
dert
opr
ovoket
hem t
oangerandr
esent
ment(
Eph6:
4)

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dtakeact
ioni
nconj
ugat
ionwi
thr
eli
giousl
eader
stodi
scour
age
sexual
immor
ali
ti
esl
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
onwhi
chcausest
hepr
obl
em ofst
reetchi
l
dren.

 I
tisnecessar
ytobr
ingt
hegospelt
ost
reetchi
l
drensot
hatt
heyl
ear
nthatGodl
oves
t
hem t
ooandt
hatt
heyneedt
otur
nawayf
rom sni
ff
ingdr
ugsl
i
kekuberandst
eal
i
ng
peopl
e’
spr
oper
ty.

 Thechur
chshoul
dencour
agemonogamouski
ndofmar
ri
agebecausei
tist
hei
deal
Chr
ist
ianf
orm ofmar
ri
ageandi
nsuchamar
ri
agei
tiseasyt
olookaf
terandcont
rol
t
hedi
sci
pli
neofchi
l
dren.

HI
V/AI
DSANDI
TSCHALLENGETOTHEMODERNFAMI
LY

Bydef
ini
ti
onAI
Dsst
andsf
or;
Acqui
redI
mmuneHumanDef
ici
encySy
ndr
omewhi
l
eHI
V
`
st
andsf
orHumanI
mmuneVi
rus.

MODESOFTRANSMI
TTI
NGHI
V/AI
DS

 Sexi
sthecommonestmodeoft
ransmi
tt
ingHI
V/AI
DS.Thati
stosay
,ifaper
sonhas
sexual
int
ercour
sewi
thani
nfect
edper
sonwi
thoutusi
ngpr
otect
ionl
i
kecondoms.

 Some peopl
e get HI
V/AI
DS t
hrough bl
ood t
ransf
usi
on when such bl
ood i
s
cont
ami
nat
ed wi
thav
irusand i
spassed on t
o anot
heronel
i
ket
hosewho get
acci
dent
sandneedbl
ood.

 AI
Dscanbepassedonf
rom mot
hert
ochi
l
datbi
rt
h. I
finadequat
ecar
eist
akenand
ani
nfect
edmot
hercanpassont
hei
nfect
iont
othechi
l
despeci
all
ydur
ingt
hecut
ti
ng
oft
heumbi
l
ical
cor
d.

 Theuseofunst
eri
l
izedi
temsshar
edamongdi
ff
erentpeopl
ecancauseHI
V/AI
DS.For
exampl
eusi
ngski
npi
erci
ngequi
pment
sforexampl
erazorbl
ade,needl
eandmedi
cal
ki
tscanpassoni
nfect
ionf
rom oneper
sont
oanot
her
.

 I
tisal
sopossi
blet
opasson/t
ransmi
tHI
V/AI
DSt
houghbr
eastf
eedi
ng. A si
ck
mot
hercant
ransmi
tthedi
seaset
hroughbr
eastf
eedi
ngt
othechi
l
d.

 Ki
ssi
ngoneanot
hercanal
sot
ransmi
tthedi
seasebutt
hisi
sespeci
all
ythr
oughdeep
ki
ssi
ngt
hatmayi
nvol
veor
alsexori
fei
theroft
hepar
tner
shasopenwoundsi
nthe
mout
h.

CAUSESOFRAPI
DSPREADOFHI
V/AI
DS

I
ncr
eased spr
ead ofHI
V/AI
Dsf
oll
owscer
tai
n behav
iour
alpar
tner
swhi
ch can be
cat
egor
izedasf
oll
ows;

(
a)Tr
adi
ti
onal
cul
tur
e

(
b)Thechur
ch

(
c)West
erncul
tur
e

(
d)Theeducat
ionsy
stem

(
e)Thepar
ent
alf
ail
ures

(
f)Thesoci
etyi
ngener
al
`

HOW TRADI
TIONALCULTUREI
STOBLAME

 Thepuber
tyr
it
ualofci
rcumci
sionhascont
inuedt
ospr
eadHI
V/AI
DSi
nsoci
ety
. I
n
somet
ri
besl
i
ket
heSebei
andBagi
su,
theyuset
hesamekni
fewi
thoutf
ir
stst
eri
l
izi
ngi
t
t
oci
rcumci
set
heot
her
.

 Thest
rongl
ovef
orl
argerf
ami
l
ieswhi
chhasr
esul
tedi
ntoadopt
ionofpol
ygamous
mar
ri
ageshasal
sopar
tl
ycont
ri
but
edt
oeasyspr
eadofAI
DS.Fori
nst
anceamongt
he
Basoga,
areal
mani
sonewhohasmanywi
ves.

 Theactofshar
ingwomen/wi
veshasal
sol
edt
owi
despr
eadofAI
DS. Fori
nst
ance
amongt
heBany
ankol
e,t
hef
atheroft
hegr
oom i
sexpect
edt
osl
eepwi
tht
hebr
ideand
t
her
eaf
tert
hebr
other
sar
efr
eet
ofol
l
ow.

 Ther
ear
ecommuni
ti
eswhi
chencour
agesexuali
nter
cour
seasasy
mbolofhospi
tal
i
ty.
Themanei
thergi
vest
hewi
fet
osl
eepwi
tht
hecl
osef
ri
endorsl
eepwi
tht
hedaught
er
whov
isi
tshi
m.Thi
siscommonl
yknownamongt
heBahi
maandi
scal
l
edOkwar
ir
ana.

 Theactofwi
dowi
nher
it
ancei
sst
il
lpr
act
icedi
nsomesoci
eti
esandi
tisonecauseof
AI
DS. Today
,iti
scommonl
yhear
damongt
heBagi
su,
Basoga.

 Thebel
i
efi
nwor
dsoft
radi
ti
onaldoct
ors(
medi
cinemen)hasal
socont
ri
but
edt
omor
e
spr
eadofAI
DS. Somewomenhav
ebeenconf
usedbyt
hesemen.Thati
stosay
,if
t
heywantmedi
cinef
orcur
eorbar
rennessshoul
dfi
rstacceptsl
eepi
ngwi
thsuchmen
someofwhoar
eal
readyi
nfect
edwi
thHI
V/AI
DS.

 I
n many communi
ti
es,t
he aunt
s educat
ethei
rni
eces on how t
o hav
e sexual
i
nter
cour
se. Thi
shascausedsucht
rai
neest
ogooutandt
ast
ewhatt
heyar
etr
ained
t
husl
eadi
ngt
othespr
eadoft
hedi
seases.

 Ther
ear
emanyhomeswher
eboy
sar
epr
ohi
bit
edf
rom sl
eepi
ngi
nthei
rpar
ent
s’
housesassoonast
heyr
eachpuber
ty. Theyar
etol
dtoconst
ructt
hei
rownhousesat
t
hesi
desoft
hepar
ent
alhomes. Thi
sisunder
stoodasal
i
censef
orsomeoft
hem t
o
engagei
nsexual
immor
ali
ty. Thi
siscommonamongt
heKar
amaj
ongsandI
tesos.

 I
nmanysoci
eti
esupt
otoday
,peopl
ear
eencour
agedt
ohav
esexwi
thav
irgi
nwhi
chi
s
`
cl
aimedt
hati
ttakesawayone’
scur
sesi
ntoherbutt
hiscancauseAI
DS.Forexampl
e
i
nBuganda,
theki
ngbef
oremar
ryi
ngi
sexpect
edt
osl
eepwi
thav
irgi
ngi
rlasNakkuf
or
pur
if
icat
ion.

 Si
mil
arl
y,HI
V/AI
DSi
sspr
eadt
hrought
heendl
esscul
tur
alcer
emoni
esl
i
ket
hel
ast
f
uner
alr
it
es(
okwaby
aol
umbe)
.Insuchcer
emoni
es,t
her
eifal
otofeat
ing,dr
inki
ng,
danci
ngandsexi
nfor
m ofcl
i
ngs.

 Manypeopl
ehav
ecaughtAI
DSbecauset
heyi
gnor
ethemar
ri
agepar
tner
schosenf
or
t
hem andi
nst
eadt
ohav
ethei
rownchoi
cesorhav
eext
ramar
it
alaf
fai
rst
osat
isf
y
t
hemsel
vessuchasi
tuat
ioncancauseonet
obei
nfect
edwi
thHI
V/AI
DS.

HOW THECHURCHI
STOBLAMEFORTHESPREADOFHI
V/AI
DS

Thechur
chact
ivi
ti
esorbehav
iori
sequal
l
yresponsi
blef
ort
hespr
eadofHI
V/AI
DSi
n
Ugandat
odaybasi
ngont
hef
oll
owi
ngl
i
nes;

 Att
imest
hechur
chor
gani
zesov
er-ni
ghtf
ell
owshi
pwhi
chendubecomi
ngor
giesf
or
sexuali
mmor
ali
tysuchf
ell
owshi
pwhi
chi
sor
gani
zedl
i
keendofy
earcel
ebr
ati
onsi
n
pl
acesl
i
keNambool
e,Naki
vubost
adi
um andkol
oloai
rst
ri
phav
eresul
tedi
ntosome
peopl
ebei
ngcaughti
nsexual
rel
ati
onswhi
chcanl
eadt
othespr
eadoft
hedi
sease.

 Thechur
chst
rongl
yopposest
heuseofcondomsandencour
agesabst
inenceand
f
ait
hful
nesst
oyourpar
tner
. Howev
er,manyt
imes,chur
chl
eader
/Chr
ist
ianshav
e
been r
epor
ted engagi
ng i
nsexr
elat
ionsi
ncl
udi
ng t
her
eli
giousl
eader
swi
tht
hei
r
f
oll
ower
s. Thusopeni
ngupmor
echancesofspr
eadi
ngt
hedi
sease.

 Thechur
chdoesnotencour
aget
hei
deaofdi
vor
ceev
eni
fthecoupl
esar
efedupeach
ot
heroronei
scaughti
nact
sofadul
ter
y.Thi
simpl
i
est
hati
fthet
wopar
tner
sremai
n
t
oget
herduet
orel
i
giousobl
i
gat
ionsl
ayi
ngsexout
sidet
hei
rmar
ri
age/
adul
ter
ybecome
commonhencel
eadi
ngt
othespr
eadoft
hedi
sease.

 Thechur
ch i
nsi
stson cel
i
bacyofi
tsmember
smost
lyt
hepr
iest
s,nunsand t
he
`
br
other
syeti
tiscl
eart
hatmanyoft
hem t
hoseday
shav
efai
l
edt
okeept
hisv
owso
t
heyendupal
soenj
oyi
ngsext
hatcanl
eadt
ospr
eadofHI
V/AI
DS.

 Ther
eisi
nadequat
esexeducat
ionpr
ovi
dedt
obel
i
ever
sandmanyoft
hosewhowal
k
i
ntoamar
ri
agedon’
thav
ewhati
ttakest
ost
ayi
namar
ri
age. Thust
hechur
chi
sto
bl
amet
oof
orf
ail
i
ngt
ocar
ryoutr
easonabl
esensi
ti
zat
ionofi
tsmember
stoav
oidsex
bef
oremar
ri
age.

 Thechur
chi
sequal
l
ybl
amedf
oreasyspr
eadofAI
DSbecausei
thasnotdoneenough
t
ofi
ghtagai
nstt
hehi
ghspr
eadofpor
nogr
aphi
cmat
eri
alt
hati
sthebl
uemov
iesand
sexl
i
ter
atur
ewhi
char
ousepeopl
e’
ssexualf
eel
i
ngs. I
tismai
nlyPast
orMar
ti
nSempa
andPast
orSi
meonKay
iwai
nthesoci
ety
.

 Ther
ear
emanymushr
oomi
ngsel
f-st
yledr
eli
giousassoci
ati
on/
chur
cheswhi
chhav
e
becomecent
resf
orgr
oomi
ngt
hey
out
hint
osexualact
ivi
ti
esl
i
ke.Past
orKi
weddehas
beenr
epor
tedt
hati
nhi
schur
cht
her
ewasal
otofsexual
immor
ali
ty.

 Thechur
chi
scondemnedf
ort
her
api
dspr
eadofAI
DSbecausei
thasnotdoneenough
t
ogetgi
rl
sof
fthest
reet
s. Mostoft
hesegi
rl
sengagei
npr
ost
it
uti
onf
oreconomi
c
benef
itbutt
her
ear
ehi
gherchancesoft
hem orment
heysl
eepwi
tht
ospr
eadt
he
di
seasei
nthesoci
ety
.

 Thechur
chhascont
ri
but
edt
o manyy
out
hacqui
ri
ngAI
DS becauseofor
gani
zi
ng
ov
erni
ghtl
eisur
eent
ert
ainment
. Theycondemngoi
ngt
osi
l
korVenon,Ambi
ance,
di
scot
hequebutt
heyal
soputuppar
ti
eswhi
chhav
eendedupi
ntot
hey
out
hengagi
ng
i
nsexual
rel
ati
ons.

 Member
soft
hecl
ergyhav
epai
dadeafeart
othegr
owt
hofhomosexualact
ivi
ti
es
amongt
heUgandany
out
h.I
tisev
enr
epor
tedt
hatsomeoft
her
eli
giousl
eader
sinv
olv
e
t
hemsel
vesi
nhomosexual
i
tyhencel
eadi
ngt
omor
espr
eadofHI
V/AI
DS.

THEI
NFLUENCEOFWESTERNCULTURE

Thewest
ernway
sofl
i
fehav
eaccel
erat
edt
hespr
eadofHI
V/AI
Dint
hef
oll
owi
ngway
s;

 Thei
ntr
oduct
ionoff
ormaleducat
ionwhi
chper
mit
sbot
hgi
rl
sandgi
rl
stost
udyi
nthe
samecl
asshasl
edt
orapi
ddecayofmor
als. Theboy
sendupconi
ngt
hesegi
rl
sto
t
hepoi
ntofhav
ingsexual
int
ercour
sewi
tht
hem butsomear
eal
readyi
nfect
ed.
`
 Thei
nfl
uenceofpor
nogr
aphi
cmat
eri
alsmai
nlybr
oughtf
rom t
hewest
ernwor
ldhas
al
socausedhi
ghspr
eadofAI
Ds.Fori
nst
anceaf
terwat
chi
ngt
hesexual
l
yexci
ti
ng
f
il
ms,
they
out
hendupsl
eepi
ngwi
thoneanot
hersoast
opr
act
icewhatt
heysee.

 Thei
ntr
oduct
ionofmoder
nlei
sur
eact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kegoi
ngf
ordi
scoshasi
ncr
easedt
he
spr
eadofAI
Ds. Dur
ingt
hedanci
ngi
nni
ghtcl
ubsl
i
keAmbi
ance,Si
l
k,Venonand
Angenoi
r.Themendev
elopsexualf
eel
i
ngst
owar
dst
hewomenwhi
chr
esul
tsi
ntosex
t
hatcanl
eadt
othespr
eadoft
hedi
sease.

 Thei
ncr
eased manuf
act
ureofcondomsbyt
hewhi
tesand ot
herf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng
met
hodshascr
eat
edaf
alsebel
i
eft
hatonecansl
eepar
oundwi
thany
bodyoft
he
opposi
tesex.Butatt
imest
hesecondomsbur
standsomet
imesmendonotputt
hem
onexposi
ngonet
oHI
V.

 Thewest
ernst
ylesofdr
essi
nghav
eal
sol
edt
oincr
easedspr
eadofHI
V/AI
DSduet
o
i
tspr
ovocat
ivenessandsexualar
ousi
ng.Forexampl
ewomenwhoputonkundishow,
cr
opt
ops,andPat
rasandbobt
ubes,l
eggi
ngswhi
chmakemengetsexual
l
yact
ive
l
eadi
ngt
othepr
act
iceofsex.

 Thewhi
temani
nter
fer
edwi
tht
het
radi
ti
onalmet
hodsofmai
ntai
ningsexualdi
sci
pli
ne
whi
chi
nvol
vedci
rcumci
singev
enwoment
osuppr
esshi
ghl
i
bidosot
hishasmade
womenhav
ehi
ghsexualdesi
resandenj
oysexwhenev
ert
heywantwhi
chmayl
eadt
o
spr
eadofAI
DS.

 The west
ern cul
tur
e condemns pol
ygamy and t
his has l
eftv
ery many women
unmar
ri
ed buthashi
ghsexualdesi
res. Ther
efor
esuchwomenhav
eended up
pr
act
ici
ngpr
ost
it
uti
onsoast
omeett
hei
rsexualdesi
reswhi
chhasl
edt
oincr
eased
spr
eadoft
hedi
sease.

 Thewhi
temani
ntr
oducedi
nAf
ri
cadanger
ousdr
ugsl
i
kecocai
ne,Vi
agr
a(powerand
st
ami
na,kuber
,opi
um andmanyot
her
s. Suchdr
ugshav
eshar
plyar
ousedpeopl
e’
s
f
eel
i
ngsf
orsexl
eadi
ngt
omor
espr
eadofAI
DS.

 Thewest
ernst
yleofeducat
ioni
ntr
oducedsubj
ect
sli
kebi
ologyanddi
vi
nit
y4.I
nsuch
subj
ect
sst
udent
sar
etaughtmanyt
hingst
odowi
thsex.Thust
hesexualcur
iosi
ty
cr
eat
edhasbeeni
mpl
ement
edbutsomet
imesl
eadi
ngt
othespr
eadofAI
DS.

 Thei
ntr
oduci
ngofmoni
tor
yeconomybyt
hewhi
teshascr
eat
edt
hesear
chf
orj
obs
whi
chof
tensepar
atest
hemanf
rom hi
sfami
l
y. Thi
shasr
esul
tedi
ntoconcubi
nage
`
mar
ri
agewhi
chi
soneoft
hechannel
sofspr
eadi
ngAI
Ds.

 Thewhi
tesi
ntr
oducedt
hei
deaoft
hecoupl
eident
if
yingeachot
hert
hroughdat
ing.
Thi
shasl
edt
othepr
act
iceofpr
e-mar
it
alsexandt
hespr
eadofAI
DS.

 Ther
ear
emanywoment
odaywi
thoutj
obsi
nspi
teofhav
ingqual
i
ficat
ionandt
hisi
s
bl
amedont
hewest
erncul
tur
e. Suchwomenhav
eendedupengagi
ngi
ndubi
ousact
s
l
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
onoradul
ter
yinor
dert
oear
nal
i
ving. Howev
er,
thi
shasal
sol
edt
othe
spr
eadofAI
Ds.

CONSEQUENCESOFHI
V/AI
DS

AI
Dsscour
gehasbr
oughti
nbot
hposi
ti
veandnegat
iveconsequencesi
nthesoci
ety
.
Thef
oll
owi
ngar
esomeoft
henegat
iveconsequencesofHI
V/AI
DS;

 AI
Dhasheav
il
ydepopul
atedt
hecount
ri
esbyr
obbi
ngt
hesoci
etyofi
tsdearr
elat
ives
andf
ri
ends.

 I
thasdepr
ivedt
hesoci
etyoft
heener
get
icy
out
hwhowoul
dcar
ryondev
elopment
al
wor
kli
kegar
deni
ngorbui
l
ding. I
nthesamewayi
tist
aki
ngawaygr
eatacademi
cians,
doct
ors,engi
neer
s,l
awy
ersandt
eacherwhocannoteasi
l
yber
epl
acedpl
usgr
eat
sol
dier
s.

 Thet
our
ism i
ndust
ryandf
iel
dofi
nvest
menthasal
sobeenaf
fect
edbyt
heAI
Ds
scour
ge. Somet
our
ist
sori
nvest
orsf
eart
ogot
ocer
tai
ncount
ri
eswher
eAI
DSi
s
hi
ghl
yspr
ead.

 I
thasi
ncr
easedsoci
alexpendi
tur
e.Thati
stosay
,manypeopl
espendal
otoft
hei
r
ear
ningst
obuyant
i-
ret
raldr
ugst
ocat
erf
ort
hei
rli
vesorheal
thf
ort
hei
rrel
ati
vesand
f
ri
ends.

 Somepeopl
ewhoar
einf
ect
edwi
tht
hedi
seasehav
ebecomest
ubbor
nbyt
ryi
ngt
o
i
nfectot
her
s. Thi
siscommonwi
thpr
ost
it
utes.

 Someper
sonsi
nfect
edwi
thAI
DSar
edi
scr
imi
nat
edi
nmanyway
sfori
nst
ancewhen
appl
yi
ngf
orv
isat
oUSA,UKorI
ndi
ayoupr
esentacer
ti
fi
cat
eshowi
ngy
ourHI
V/AI
DS
st
atusandi
fyouar
einf
ect
ed,
theyusual
l
ydenyy
ouent
ryt
oyourcount
ry.

 Fami
l
ysav
ingshav
ereducedi
nmanyAf
ri
canf
ami
l
ieswhi
chhav
eAI
DSv
ict
ims. Thi
s
i
sbecauseal
otofmoneyhast
obespentt
obuyant
i-
ret
ralv
iruswhi
chcost
sov
er300
USdol
l
ars.
`
 AI
DShasl
eftbehi
ndabi
gnumberofdependant
sinmanyAf
ri
canf
ami
l
ies. Someof
t
hesechi
l
drenhav
eendedupst
ayi
ngonst
reet
sespeci
all
yinKampal
aci
ty.

I
ntheear
ly1980sand1990s,manyhomesi
nRakaidi
str
ictr
emai
nedwi
thnopar
ent
s
becauseAI
DSki
l
ledt
hem l
i
keabushf
ir
eaf
fect
ingt
heent
ir
edi
str
ict
.

 Thedi
seaseunder
minesone’
spr
oduct
ivepot
ent
ialandof
tenmakeshi
m onandof
fat
t
hewor
kpl
ace. Somet
imest
heydev
elopher
pes-
zost
ers(
kisi
pi)whi
chmakest
hem
bedr
iddenf
orawhi
l
ethusl
ower
ingt
hei
rpr
oduct
ivi
tyatwor
k.

 I
nsomewayoranot
her
,thepr
oduct
ionofcondomshasl
edt
oincr
easedsexual
i
mmor
ali
ty. Thi
shaspar
tl
ycausedi
ncr
easedHI
V/AI
DSamongt
hey
out
hduet
opoor
useofcondoms

Thef
oll
owi
ngar
etheposi
ti
veconsequencesofAI
Ds;

 Thef
earofget
ti
ngi
nfect
edwi
thAI
Dshasmademanypeopl
erev
iset
hei
rmor
alv
alues
andst
rengt
hent
hei
rrel
ati
onwi
thpar
tner
sorabst
aini
ngf
rom sexbef
oremar
ri
age.

 Sexeducat
ionhasbeenr
evi
sedi
nbot
hschool
sandout
sidecommuni
ti
es.Peopl
e
especi
all
ytheuncl
esandaunt
sar
enow compel
l
edt
ospeakopenl
yaboutsexual
mat
ter
sinor
dert
opr
otectt
hey
out
hfr
om AI
Ds. Ev
ent
hepr
esi
dentofUgandaYower
i
Kagut
aMusev
eni
,i
sont
hef
oref
rontofencour
agi
ngsexeducat
iont
othey
out
h.

 A numberofv
olunt
aryor
gani
zat
ions(
NGO)hav
ecomeup t
o hel
pthepeopl
ein
addi
ti
on t
othe gov
ernmentef
for
ts. Fori
nst
ance TASO hel
ps t
o pr
ovi
de f
ree
medi
cat
ion,f
reef
oodcr
opsandf
reer
eachpr
ogr
ammest
odealwi
thai
dsv
ict
ims. I
n
addi
ti
onwor
ldv
isi
onhassponsor
edmanyor
phansatschool
s,bui
l
thomesf
orwi
dows
andev
ensomet
imesof
fer
scl
othest
oneedy
.

 Ther
ehasbeencul
tur
alt
ransf
ormat
ionbecauseoft
hef
reeofAI
DS. Suchcul
tur
es
t
hatcoul
dleadt
oeasyspr
eadofAI
Dshav
ebeenwi
thdr
awni
nmanysoci
eti
es.For
exampl
eshar
ingofawomant
hatwascommonamongt
heBany
ankol
e.
`
 Thehi
ghspr
eadofAI
DShasl
edt
othei
ntr
oduct
ionofpr
oduct
ivegear
sli
kecondoms.
Thoseal
sohel
ptocont
rolunwant
edpr
egnanci
esandsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seases
l
i
kegonor
rheaandSy
phi
l
is.

 Al
otofr
esear
chi
sbei
ngunder
takent
oloosent
hepossi
bil
i
tyoft
ransmi
tt
ingAI
DS.For
i
nst
ancepr
egnantHI
V womenar
enow pr
otect
edf
rom pr
oduci
ngbabi
est
hatar
e
i
nfect
edt
ooandatbi
rt
htheyt
akeadr
ugcal
l
edNi
ver
api
natt
hebegi
nni
ngofl
abour
pai
ns.

 Manypeopl
ehav
eacqui
redj
obsassoci
alwor
ker
sfr
om di
ff
erentor
gani
zat
ions.They
mov
etodi
ff
erentpl
acesespeci
all
yschool
scounsel
i
ngpeopl
ewhoar
einf
ect
edwi
th
t
hedi
seaseandal
sogui
dingot
heronhowt
opr
eventt
hemsel
vesf
rom bei
ngi
nfect
ed.

 AI
Dshashel
pedt
ost
rengt
hent
hemar
ri
agebondbecauseoff
eart
ocont
ractadi
sease.
Manycoupl
esar
enowmor
efai
thf
ult
oeachot
herasadv
isedbyr
eli
giousl
eader
swho
conf
ir
m mar
ri
agesl
i
kecar
dinalWamal
a,ar
ch0bi
shopLwanga,Shei
khMubaj
j
a,and
ar
ch-bi
shopNkoy
oyoandmanyot
her
s

 Manyy
out
hhav
eimpr
ovedt
hei
rwayofspendi
ngorchoosi
ngt
hel
eisur
eti
me/
act
ivi
ty
t
oenj
oy. Duet
othef
earofAI
Dst
oday
,manyy
out
htodayespeci
all
ygi
rl
sdonotgoi
n
dar
kcor
ner
sordi
scosatni
ghtbecauset
heycanber
aped.

 Somepeopl
eur
get
hatt
heout
breakofAI
DSi
sabl
essi
ngi
ndi
sgui
sebecausei
tledt
o
cont
roloft
hecont
inent
spopul
ati
on. Fori
nst
ancei
nIndi
ather
e,count
ryhasnear
ly
bi
l
li
onpeopl
ebuti
tsonl
yAI
DSt
hathasr
educedt
hem.

 Lot
sofpeopl
etheseday
shav
eresor
tedt
ocar
efulexpendi
tur
eandi
nvest
mentt
hese
day
s.Theyhav
ebui
l
trent
alhousesandper
manenthomessot
hatev
eni
ftheydi
e,t
hei
r
chi
l
drenwi
l
lhav
eawayofsur
viv
ing.

SOLUTI
ONSTOAI
DSPROBLEM

 Thebestsol
uti
onf
orAI
DSi
sabst
inencef
rom sexuali
nter
cour
seunt
ilmar
ri
aget
ime.
Thi
sisadv
ocat
edev
enbyt
heCat
hol
i
cChur
ch.
`
 Par
tner
sshoul
dremai
nfai
thf
ult
ooneanot
hersot
hatt
heydonotpi
ckoni
nfect
ion
f
rom out
sidet
hei
rmar
ri
age.

 Ther
eisneedt
orev
isesomecul
tur
alpr
act
icest
hatcanl
eadt
othespr
eadoft
he
di
sease.Forexampl
ethecul
tur
eofci
rcumci
sionamongt
heSebeiandBagi
shuusi
ng
t
hesamecut
ti
ngbl
adeandamongt
heBany
ankol
ethehospi
tal
i
tyofgi
vi
ngoneoft
he
daught
erst
osl
eepwi
th.Thi
sisnotper
mit
tedi
nmar
ri
ageaccor
dingt
o1Cor
int
hians7.

 Womenar
ecal
l
edupont
odr
essdecent
lyi
nor
dernott
otemptmeni
ntosexl
i
ker
api
ng
t
hem. Theyshoul
dfol
l
owt
headv
iceofPauli
nhi
sfi
rstl
ett
ert
otheCor
int
hians(
1Cor
11:
1-16)
.

 Sexeducat
ionshoul
dbeemphasi
zedespeci
all
ytot
hey
oungadul
tssot
hatt
heyl
ear
n
t
hev
aluesexpect
edoft
hem aschi
l
drenofGod.Thi
sshoul
dbei
nli
newi
thPaul
’
s
t
eachi
ng(
Eph6:
27,
6:4)

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dmakecondomscheapersoast
oreduceont
hehi
ghchances
oft
hey
out
hwhowi
sht
oenj
oysexbutl
ackcondomsandatt
heendonemayi
nfectt
he
ot
her
.

 Oneneedst
ochooser
ight
lyt
hepeergr
oupmember
she/
shemov
esoutwi
thsot
hat
t
heydonotl
eadi
ntosi
nespeci
all
yengagi
ngi
nsexual
int
ercour
sewhi
chcanl
ead/
for
ce
y
oui
ntoacqui
ri
ngHI
V/AI
DS.

 I
nrel
ati
ont
otheabov
e,onal
soneedst
obev
erycent
ralaboutt
hechoi
ceofl
eisur
e
act
ivi
ti
esandav
oidsome. Forexampl
eoneshoul
dcont
rolt
heconsumpt
ionof
al
coholbecausei
tcanchangey
ourmi
ndt
obecomel
oudandf
ool
i
sht
othepoi
ntof
bei
ngusedf
orsexual
mat
ter
s. (
Prov
erbs20)
.

 Peopl
eoughtt
olookf
ormeani
ngf
ulwor
kandav
oidi
ndul
gingi
npr
ost
it
uti
oni
nor
dert
o
getmoney
. Suchacti
soneoft
hegr
eatcausesofAI
DS.

FAMI
LYPLANNI
NG

Thi
sref
erst
otheat
temptt
oregul
atef
ami
l
ysi
ze,t
hei
nter
valbet
weent
hebi
rt
hsf
rom
onechi
l
dtoanot
hert
hrought
heuseofbi
rt
hcont
rol
measur
es.

I
nar
ealsensef
ami
l
ypl
anni
nghel
pst
ogetchi
l
drenbychoi
ceandnotbyacci
dentand
t
hecoupl
einpar
ti
cul
art
hewomenshoul
dhav
egr
eatf
reedom i
ndet
ermi
ningwhenand
howmanyt
imest
oconcei
ve.
`
Fami
l
ypl
anni
ngi
nvol
vest
wocat
egor
ies

A.Nat
uralmet
hod

- Abst
inence

- Wi
thdr
awmet
hod

- Cal
endar
/rhy
thm met
hod

- Bi
l
li
ngs/
ovul
ati
onmet
hod

B.Ar
ti
fi
cialmet
hod

- Condoms

- Cont
racept
ivepi
l
ls

- Abor
ti
on

- I
ntr
aut
erusdev
ices

- Sper
mici
des/
foami
ngt
abl
ets

- Tubul
i
gat
ionandv
asect
omy

- Nor
plant

- Di
aphr
agm

ABSTI
NENCE

Thei
stheul
ti
mat
emet
hodoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngsuppor
tednotonl
ybyt
hechur
chand
hol
yscr
ipt
uresbutal
sobyAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
planni
ngi
nwhi
chi
ndi
vi
dual
sret
rai
n/av
oid
t
otal
l
yfr
om anyf
orm ofsexual
int
ercour
seusual
l
ybef
oremar
ri
aget
oel
i
minat
ether
isk
ofunwant
edconcept
ion.

Adv
ant
agesofAbst
inence

 Thi
smet
hodmi
nimi
zespr
egnancysi
ncet
her
eisn’
tanypenet
rat
ivesexuali
nter
cour
se.
Ev
ent
hebi
blei
nthebookofMat
hew1:
18,
iti
ssuppor
tedbecauseMar
ythemot
herof
Jesusconcei
vedwhi
l
est
il
lav
irgi
n.
`
 Abst
inencel
i
mit
sthel
i
kel
i
hoodoft
ransmi
ssi
onofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
edi
nfect
ionsi
nce
t
her
ear
enocont
act
sfr
om oneper
sont
oanot
her
.

 I
tisv
erycheapanddoesnoti
nvol
veanydi
rectmoneycost
s. I
not
herwor
dsi
tsui
ts
t
hechi
l
drenofbot
hther
ichandt
hepoor
. Unl
i
ket
hear
ti
fi
cialmet
hodsl
i
ket
heuseof
condomswhi
chr
equi
ressomemoneyl
i
ke1,
000t
obuycondoms.

 Thi
smet
hodi
spr
efer
abl
ebecausei
tisi
nli
newi
thAf
ri
cancul
tur
e. Fori
nst
ance
amongt
heBaganda,i
fagi
rli
sfoundatmar
ri
aget
ost
il
lbeav
irgi
nshei
sli
kel
ytobe
gi
venmor
ebr
idal
gif
tsaf
tert
heweddi
ngl
i
keashegoatt
oheraunt
.

 The chur
ch/
bibl
eteachi
ng al
so encour
ages abst
inence and sexualpur
it
y bef
ore
mar
ri
age(
1Cor6)

 I
tpr
event
saper
sonf
rom get
ti
nganysexual
l
yrel
atedabnor
mal
i
tiesl
i
kebl
ocki
nga
ut
erus,
fal
l
opi
ant
ubeorbl
oodcl
ott
ing,
tubul
ari
nfl
ammat
ionandmanyot
her
s

 Themet
hodensur
espr
ivacyoft
hoseusi
ngi
t.I
not
herwor
dsdoesnotexposeher
nakednessbef
oreamedi
calwor
kert
ounder
gosomear
ti
fi
cialoper
ati
onl
i
keuseof
i
ntr
a-ut
eri
nedev
ices.

 Unl
i
keot
hermet
hodsoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng,abst
inencedoesnotr
equi
respeci
ali
zed
t
rai
ningbef
oreput
ti
ngt
hemet
hodt
ogoodusebutonesi
mpl
yst
aysawayf
rom sex.
Butusi
ngmet
hodsl
i
kedi
aphr
agm t
hewomanmustbet
aughthowt
oinser
tthi
sdev
ice
t
ocov
ert
heent
rancet
oherut
erus.

 Abst
inencedoesnotcauseanyr
egr
etst
otheper
sonbecausei
thasnosi
deef
fect
syet
t
hosewhoar
esexual
l
yact
iveof
tenhav
eal
otofr
egr
et. Manyy
ounggi
rl
sinnor
ther
n
Ugandaatt
heageof16y
ear
shav
echi
l
drenandar
eregr
ett
ingast
owhyt
heyenj
oyed
engagi
ngi
near
lyex.

 Abst
inencef
rom sexhasenabl
edmanyy
out
htoachi
evet
hei
rfut
uregoal
s. Many
gi
rl
shav
ebeenabl
etogr
aduat
ewi
thdi
plomas,degr
eesandmast
ersbecauset
hey
abst
ainedf
rom sexdur
ingt
hei
rschool
time.

 Younggi
rl
swhoabst
ainf
rom sexhav
ehel
pedt
okeeppeace/
stabi
l
ityi
nthei
rpar
ent
al
homes. I
nmosthomeswher
egi
rl
sengagei
nsexatt
het
imeofweddi
ng,
suchhomes
endt
ohav
edi
sci
pli
nedchi
l
drent
husmai
ntai
ningpeaceandsecur
it
yint
hear
ea.

Di
sadv
ant
ages
`
 Thi
smet
hodoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmaynotwor
kint
hecont
extofmar
ri
agewher
eexi
s
par
tandpar
ti
alofmar
ri
ager
elat
ionshi
p. Thi
siswhyt
heBat
oroof
tent
ellt
hei
r
daught
ers“
omusaj
jat
ayangwa”meani
ngamanshoul
dnotber
eject
edsexual
l
y.

 Thi
smet
hodmaynotwor
kforl
ongi
ncaseoft
heur
bany
out
hwhoar
eexposedt
o
por
nogr
aphi
cfi
l
ms. Thewat
chsexf
il
msl
i
ket
heAmer
icanv
irgi
nswhi
chi
nev
itabl
y
causest
hem t
odev
elopsexual
feel
i
ngsandt
husabandonabst
inence.

 Abst
inencei
slookedatbyt
hey
out
hoft
odayasnotbei
ngi
nli
newi
tht
het
imes. I
n
ot
herwor
dst
hesocal
l
edv
irgi
nsorabst
ainer
sar
elookedatashopel
essconser
vat
ives
whohav
efai
l
edt
ochangewi
thmoder
nti
mesandar
eni
cknamedv
il
lager
s.

 Abst
inencehascausedf
ami
l
yinst
abi
l
iti
esi
nsomewayort
heot
her
. Somewomen
hav
edeci
dedt
oabst
ainaf
terpr
oduci
ngi
nthei
rrequi
rednumberofchi
l
drenbutt
hey
usear
ti
fi
cialmet
hodsl
i
keonpl
ant
swi
thoutt
henot
iceoft
hei
rhusbands. Hencet
his
hascausedf
ami
l
yconf
li
ctswhenmengett
oknowabouti
t.

 Thi
smet
hod off
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng i
sassoci
ated wi
th a numberofmy
thsal
though
sci
ent
if
ical
l
ynotcor
rect
. Somey
out
hhav
ebeendi
scour
agedf
rom abst
aini
ngt
ell
i
ng
t
hem t
hatr
etr
aini
ngf
rom sexf
oral
ongt
ime9gi
rl
)shewi
l
ldev
elopcompl
i
cat
ions
whi
chwi
l
lmakeheri
mpenet
rabl
eandt
henbecal
l
ed“
owol
wazi
”.

 Manyy
oung men and women att
he t
ime ofadol
escencey
ou f
ind t
hismet
hod
di
scomf
ort
ing.Forexampl
eoncapi
talr
oadpr
ogr
ammeofcapi
taldoct
or,t
eenager
cl
aimst
hatt
heyar
ewor
ri
edwhent
heyabst
ain.Thei
rpeni
skeepsonshr
inki
ngal
most
t
odi
sappear
ance.

 They
out
hoft
hisgener
ati
onhav
egr
ownwi
thbogusbel
i
efagai
nstabst
inence. They
saypr
act
icemakesper
fect
,sowi
thoutsuchpr
act
icet
heyf
eart
hati
nmar
ri
aget
hey
mi
ghtnotper
for
m wel
li
nbed.

 Abst
inencei
ssomet
imesdi
sadv
ant
ageousbecausesomepeopl
echanget
oal
ter
nat
ive
ki
ndofsexl
i
kehomosexual
i
ty,l
esbi
ani
sm andmast
urbat
ioni
nor
dert
ogi
veof
fthei
r
sexualt
ensi
on. Thi
siscommoni
nsi
ngl
esexschool
sli
keNami
l
yangoCol
l
egeand
I
gangagi
rl
s.

WI
THDRAW METHOD
`
Thi
sisof
tenr
efer
redt
oascoi
tusi
nter
rapt
us. I
tisamet
hodoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngi
n
whi
cht
hecoupl
eshav
enor
malsexuali
nter
cour
seal
mostunt
ilt
hepoi
ntofcl
i
max
shor
tl
ybef
oret
hemanr
ebasi
nganysper
msi
nsi
det
hewoman’
ssexual
organ.

Adv
ant
agesofWi
thdr
awMet
hod

 Themet
hodr
ecogni
zest
hatsexpl
aysar
eani
mpor
tantpar
tofmar
ri
ager
elat
ionshi
p
andsosat
isf
yeachot
her
’sneeds. Thi
sisi
nli
newi
th1Cor
int
hians7:
5inwhi
chPaul
adv
isedt
hemar
ri
edcoupl
enott
odenyt
hemsel
vessexunl
essi
nti
mesofpr
ayer
s.

 Thi
smet
hodi
sli
kedbymanycoupl
esbecausei
t’
scheapandaf
for
dabl
e. Ev
ent
he
poor
estandt
hepoorcanusei
t.Forexampl
einUganda,
Mozambi
queandSudan.

 Byper
mit
ti
ngr
egul
arsexuali
nter
cour
se,t
hismet
hodenhancesmar
it
alf
ait
hful
ness
andt
hepar
tner
sar
eabl
etogetsexual
sat
isf
act
ion.

 Thi
s met
hod off
ami
l
y pl
anni
ng pr
omot
es mar
ri
age r
elat
ionshi
p and enhances
mar
ri
ageuni
ty. I
tisknownt
hatar
elat
ionshi
pwi
thoutr
egul
arsexuali
nter
cour
se
easi
l
yfal
l
sapar
tasacknowl
edgedbyPaul
in1Cor
int
hians7:
5.

 Wi
thdr
awmet
hodal
sol
i
mit
sthechancesofunwant
edconcept
ions. Ev
eni
nthebi
ble
i
nthebookofGen38:
9,t
alksofOnanwhodecl
i
nedej
acul
ati
oni
nsi
dehi
sbr
other
s’
wi
dowandst
oppi
ngherf
rom concei
vi
ng.

 Thewi
thdr
awmet
hoddoesnotcal
lforanyser
ioust
rai
ningorpr
ofessi
onalassi
stance
butshoul
dbepr
act
icedbycoupl
eswhoar
est
eady
.

 Thi
smet
hodbr
ingspeaceofmi
ndt
othecoupl
ebyenhanci
ngf
ait
hful
ness,unwant
ed
concept
ionandper
mit
ti
ngsexual
int
ercour
se.

 Ther
ear
eli
mit
edchancesofdi
vor
cewher
eamanusest
hismet
hod. Thi
sisbecause
i
tshowst
hewoment
hatt
hemani
scar
inganddoesnotwantt
opr
oduceunnecessar
y.

 I
tdoesnotcauseanyphy
sical
har
mtoei
thert
hemanort
hewomanwhoexer
cisei
t.

 I
tal
l
owsf
ull
sext
imeev
endur
ingov
ulat
ion.

 I
tgi
vesamant
imet
oenj
oysexwi
tht
hewomanandatt
heendt
hewomani
sli
kel
yto
enj
oy.

Di
sadv
ant
ages

 I
tmayl
eadt
ounwant
edpr
egnanci
es. Thi
sisbecausesomesper
msdocomeout
`
ev
enbef
oreact
ual
ejacul
ati
ont
akespl
aceoraf
terr
eleasi
ngsomesper
ms.

 I
tdepr
ivesawomanandpar
tl
ydeni
est
hehusbandaf
ullpl
easur
eofenj
oyi
ngsex.
Thi
sisbecauset
hemanhast
opul
loutt
hepeni
stor
eleaset
hesper
msout
sidewhi
ch
i
sdoneatt
hemomentoff
ull
sexual
enj
oyment
.

 I
tispar
tl
yungodl
y. Thi
siswhyGodst
ruckOnanwi
thdeat
hforusi
ngt
hismet
hodand
r
efusi
ngt
ofat
herchi
l
drenonbehal
fofhi
slat
ebr
other(
Gen38:
9)

 Somet
imest
hecoupl
eespeci
all
ythewomanmaybeemot
ional
l
ytakenupt
othepoi
nt
ofr
efusi
ngt
hemant
opul
louthi
speni
stor
eleasehi
ssper
ms.

 Thi
ski
ndofmet
hodi
sdi
ff
icul
ttoappl
yinmar
ri
ageswher
ethecoupl
esar
edr
unk. I
t
i
smor
edi
ff
icul
ttoappl
yift
hemani
snotsober
.

 Thecl
i
maxofsex
ualact
ivi
tyi
sthepoi
ntofej
acul
ati
onnotonl
yinmenbutal
sot
othe
f
emal
e. Unf
ort
unat
elyt
hismet
hodr
equi
resamant
orel
easeoutt
hesper
msatt
his
poi
ntofej
acul
ati
onwhi
chi
snoteasyt
oti
meort
ofor
ego.

 Thi
smet
hodoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngi
shat
edbymanypeopl
eespeci
all
ywomenbecauseof
t
heof
fensi
vesmel
lofsexualf
lui
dswhi
chi
sli
kel
ytooccuri
npr
ocessofpul
l
ingi
nand
out
.

 Thi
smet
hodpr
ovi
desnopr
otect
ionagai
nstsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
edi
nfect
ions. Thi
sis
becausei
tal
l
owsf
reeexchangeofsexualf
lui
ds. Ther
efor
eiti
sonecauseoft
he
spr
eadofHI
V/AI
DSandot
her
.

 I
nsomecases,t
hemet
hodendsupi
nunwant
edpr
egnanci
eswhi
chcauser
egr
etson
t
hesi
deoft
hewomen. Somegi
rl
sconcei
vewhent
heyar
est
il
latschoolandt
heend
r
esul
tisabor
ti
onordr
oppi
ngoft
hebor
nbabi
esonst
reet
s.

 Thi
smet
hodi
nst
il
lsaf
alsef
eel
i
ngofsecur
it
ythatonecanhav
esexuali
nter
cour
seand
getawaywi
thi
t. Unf
ort
unat
elyi
tisaf
orm ofsexuali
mmor
ali
tybecausei
tdoesnot
pr
omot
epr
oduct
ionofchi
l
drenasGod’
recommendsi
nthebi
ble.

 Themet
hodi
nconv
eni
encest
hewomansomuch. Thi
sisbecausei
tleav
esherwi
tha
l
otofdut
iest
ocar
ryoutl
i
kecl
eani
ngut
hecl
othes(
bedsheet
s)whi
cht
heydi
rt
en
dur
ingt
hecour
seofpl
ayi
ngsex. Thi
siswhyi
nBugandat
hegi
rl
swer
eal
way
s
r
equi
redt
ohav
especi
alcl
otl
ocal
l
yknownasenkumbi
.

 Thi
smet
hodoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngcannotef
fect
ivel
yhel
pthecoupl
est
ocar
ryoutpr
oper
`
spaci
ngoft
hei
rchi
l
dren. I
tisknownt
hati
nsomecasesaf
ewsper
msmaydr
opi
nto
t
hewoman’
srepr
oduct
iveor
ganand causepr
egnancyi
fshei
sinhermenst
rual
per
iods.

CALENDAR/
RHYTHM METHOD

Thi
sisof
tenl
yref
err
edt
oassaf
eday
smet
hod.

Adv
ant
ages

 I
tischeapt
oappl
ybecausei
tdoesnoti
nvol
vebuy
inganymat
eri
alt
ouse.

 I
tenabl
est
hecoupl
etoenj
oysexf
reel
yunpr
otect
edi
ftheday
sar
ewel
lcal
cul
ated.

 I
tal
l
owschi
l
d spaci
ngt
otakepl
ace.Thi
sisbecauset
hecoupl
ecanonl
yenj
oy
unpr
otect
edsexdur
ingt
hesaf
eday
s.

 Thi
smet
hodcont
rol
sunwant
edpr
egnancywhi
chsomet
imesl
eadst
ohi
ghpopul
ati
on
r
ateandgi
vest
hepar
ent
shar
dti
met
ocat
erf
ormanychi
l
dren.

 Thi
smet
hodcanal
sohel
ptocont
rolt
hespr
eadofSTDS.Thi
sissobecauset
hegi
rl
mi
ghtnotj
umpoutwi
thot
hermenf
ull
ywhocani
nfecther
.

 I
tgi
vest
hegi
rlaper
iodofr
est
ingf
rom sex.Ther
efor
eshewi
l
lhav
egoodhel
past
he
mandoesnotcar
aseherf
requent
ly.

 Thi
smet
hodt
endst
opr
omot
etr
ustandf
ait
hful
l
nessamongpar
tner
s.

Di
sadv
ant
ages

 I
tdoesnotgi
vet
hemanf
ullsexualenj
oymentsi
ncet
hemanhast
owai
tfort
hegi
rlt
o
r
ecov
erf
rom herper
iod.

 I
tcanl
eadt
ounwant
edpr
egnanci
esast
hemenst
ruat
ionday
sofl
adi
eskeepon
changi
ng.

 I
tispai
nful
becausesomewomencanbef
orcedbyt
hei
rmen.

ARTI
FICI
ALMETHODS

CONDOMS

Thesear
erubberl
i
kesheat
hsusual
l
ywor
nbyamanonaner
ectpeni
sshor
tl
ybef
ore
sexual
int
ercour
set
akespl
ace.
`
Theyar
eusual
l
yputont
opr
eventunwant
edpr
egnanci
esandspr
eadofsexual
l
y
t
ransmi
tt
eddi
seasesl
i
keHI
V/AI
Ds.

St
epsTakent
oUseaCondom

 Buyacondom f
rom ar
ecogni
zedhospi
talorcl
i
nicandcheckf
ort
hemanuf
act
uri
ng
dat
eandt
hedat
eofexpi
ri
ng.

 Checkoutf
orpr
operar
eaoft
ear
ing.Thati
stosay
,thedot
tedl
i
nes.

 Donotuseashar
pobj
ectt
ocutt
hepacket
.Forexampl
euseofar
azorbl
ade.

 Checkt
hepr
essur
eoft
hecondom bef
oret
ear
ingt
hesack.

 Af
tert
ear
ingt
hesack,
hol
dthespaceatt
heendoft
hecondom andgent
lyr
olli
tdown
t
oaner
ectpeni
s.

 Att
het
imeofej
acul
ati
on,
remov
ethecondom gent
lywhi
l
ethepeni
sist
il
ler
ect
.

 Checkpr
oper
lyt
her
ightsi
det
ousei
fyouusei
twr
ongl
yyouuseanot
hersi
de.

 Av
oidkeepi
ngcondomsi
nmoneypasbecausey
oumaysi
toni
tandi
tget
shol
es.

 Af
terusi
ngt
hecondom,
dumpi
tint
hepi
tlat
ri
neorbur
nit
.

 Nev
eruseacondom f
ormor
ethansaf
e.

Adv
ant
agesofCondoms

 Thei
rcost
sar
ever
yli
tt
le(
low)andatt
imesav
ail
abl
eatf
reechar
geofheal
thcent
res.

 Theypr
ovi
deef
fect
ivepr
otect
ionagai
nstt
hespr
eadofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seases
l
i
keHI
V/AI
DS,
syphi
l
is,
Gonor
rheaandmanyot
her
s

 Condomsar
emor
eef
fect
ivei
npr
event
ingunwant
edpr
egnanci
escompar
edt
omet
hod,
l
i
kewi
thdr
awandsaf
eday
s. Thi
siswhymanyschoolchi
l
drenenj
oysext
odayusi
ng
condoms.

 Theyar
ever
yeasyt
ousesi
ncenospeci
alcoachi
ngi
sreal
l
yrequi
red.Br
andsof
condomsl
i
kel
i
feguar
d,t
rust
,Oandpr
otect
orev
enhav
eil
l
ust
rat
ionsi
ndi
cat
inghowt
o
uset
hem pr
oper
ly.

 Theyar
econv
eni
entt
ocar
ryar
oundbecauseapackoft
hreecondomscanev
enbe
`
kepti
nsocks,pocket
sorwal
l
et. Sowheny
ougetadealy
oucaneasi
l
ygoi
ntot
he
act
ion.

 Condomsar
epr
efer
redt
obeusedi
nsexualact
ivi
tyev
enbywomenbecauset
heyhel
p
t
olubr
icat
ethewomenwhosesexualappar
atusmaybedr
y.Forexampl
e,t
hewomen
ofSebeiandNubi
ansofSomal
i
awher
egeni
talmut
il
ati
onsomet
imest
akespl
ace,t
he
condomsl
ubr
icat
ethei
rsexual
organs.

 Somebr
andsofcondomsar
eli
kedbywomeni
nenj
oyi
ngsexbecauset
heyenhance
sexualpl
easur
etowar
dst
hem. Fori
nst
ancet
heRoughRi
dercondomswhent
hrusti
n
backandf
ort
hint
othewoman’
ssexualgadgetmakesomeoft
hem dev
elopsexual
ecst
asy
.

 Condomsar
ereadi
l
yav
ail
abl
einmanyshops,ev
ent
hemi
nist
ryofheal
thsomet
imes
v
endst
hem l
ocalheal
thcent
res,school
sori
nst
it
uti
ons,l
andi
ngsi
tesamongt
he
f
isher
menandot
her
ssot
hismakespeopl
eal
way
spr
efert
ouset
hem.

 Theymakei
tpossi
blef
oracoupl
etor
egul
atef
ami
l
ysi
zeandt
oat
tai
npr
operchi
l
d
spaci
ng t
hrough pr
event
ing unwant
ed concept
ion. Manyy
oung coupl
esv
isi
ti
ng
heal
thcent
resl
i
keNagur
uteenagecent
rear
eusual
l
yencour
agedt
ousecondomsso
ast
ocont
rol
bir
thr
ate.

 Condomsenhancet
hepr
ivacyoft
hecoupl
esi
ncet
heyneedt
ogot
oaheal
thser
vice
pr
ovi
derf
orpr
act
ical
assi
stance.

 They
out
hoft
hisgener
ati
onar
esoper
missi
vet
hatencour
agi
ngabst
aini
ngi
sjust
wast
ageoft
ime. Condomsar
ether
efor
epr
efer
redt
obyt
hem becauset
heygr
ant
t
hem oppor
tuni
tyt
oexpr
esst
hei
remot
ional
feel
i
ngst
hroughsext
oeachot
her
.

Di
sadv
ant
ages

 Forcondomst
owor
kwel
ltheyneedt
obeusedconsi
stent
ly.I
not
herwor
dsonehas
t
obewel
lknowl
edgeabl
eaboutcondom use.Forexampl
econdomsshoul
dbekept
undercondi
ti ow300C.
onsofbel

 Condomsdamaget
heenv
ironmentandsoar
ehazar
doust
oman. Fori
nst
anceat
soci
alamusementl
i
keambi
ance,di
scot
hequesomepeopl
eenj
oysexi
nthet
oil
edor
near-
bypl
acescausi
ngenv
ironment
aldegr
adat
ion.

 They ar
e soci
all
y unaccept
ed i
n some soci
eti
es especi
all
yin Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onal
`
soci
eti
esusi
ngcondomsi
sagai
nstt
hecul
tur
alnor
mswhi
chpr
omot
epr
o-cr
eat
ion.

 Somet
imes di
sposalofused condoms causes conf
li
cts wi
th nei
ghbour
s whose
chi
l
drenmaypi
ckandpl
aywi
tht
hesecondomsi
magi
ningt
heyar
ebal
l
oons. Such
conf
li
ctsar
ecommoni
ndensel
ypopul
atedar
easl
i
keKat
angazoneofMaker
ere,
Bwai
se,
Kasubi
,Kamwoky
a.

 Condomscauseembar
rassmentt
opeopl
e. Fori
nst
ancei
fonecar
ri
edacondom f
or
sel
f-def
encet
ofunct
ionl
i
keweddi
ngacci
dent
lyi
tdr
opoutofhi
spocket
.

 Ther
ear
esomet
imeswhencondomsbr
oughti
ntot
hecount
ryormanuf
act
uredl
ocal
l
y
donotsat
isf
ythel
ocalt
echni
calcondi
ti
ons. Theymi
ghtbet
oosmal
lorshor
ttof
it
t
hemenwhohav
eext
ra-
lar
get
ool
sort
all
tool
s.

 Many women hav

e acqui
red unwant
ed pr
egnanci
es because some men mi
suse
condomsbyput
ti
nghol
esont
hem whi
l
einot
hercasest
heybur
stwi
thi
nthepr
ocess
ofej
acul
ati
on.

 Condomsar
enot100%per
fectmor
eespeci
all
yift
heper
sonbuy
ingandusi
ngi
thav
e
notdeser
vedt
hel
abor
ator
yinst
ruct
ionsconcer
ningcondom use. Ther
efor
e,t
heycan
al
sol
eadt
ospr
eadofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seasesl
i
keAI
DS.

 Af
ew womenandmenexper
ienceal
l
ergi
creact
ionst
ocondom pr
eser
vat
ives. The
oi
l
soft
hecondomssomet
imescausepl
ent
yofi
tchi
ngandr
ushesal
l
-ov
ert
hei
rpr
ivat
e
par
tsandl
eav
ethem wi
thpl
ent
yofdi
scomf
ort
.

CONTRACEPTI
VEPI
LLS

Thesear
esmal
lpr
ophy
lact
ict
abl
etsnor
mal
l
yswal
l
owedbywomenonar
egul
arbasi
s
t
ost
opt
hem f
rom concept
ioni
nspi
teoft
hem hav
ingconst
antunpr
otect
edsex
.The
pi
l
lshav
ear
ti
fi
cialhor
moneswhi
chmaket
hebodybehav
east
houghi
tisal
ready
pr
egnantandcannotconcei
veagai
n.

Pi
l
lsar
edi
spensedt
owomendependi
ngonmanyf
act
orsl
i
ke;

 Thewoman’
sheal
thst
atus

 Thebl
oodgr
oup

 Lact
ati
on(
iti
sbr
eastf
eedi
ng)

 Menst
ruat
ioncy
cle
`
 Nor
mal
bodyr
eact
ionst
omedi
cat
ion

Thecommonpi
l
lsusedi
nUgandaar
epi
l
lpl
anandmi
crogy
nor
e.

Adv
ant
ages

 Pi
l
lsar
eaf
for
dabl
esi
nceapackof28t
abl
etsmaycostbet
ween2,
000–5,
000.

 Pi
l
lsar
ever
yeasyt
ousesi
ncenof
ormalt
rai
ningi
srequi
red. Aper
soni
sinst
ruct
ed
t
oswal
l
owapi
l
lev
erydayf
oll
owi
ngachati
ndi
cat
ingapi
l
ltoswal
l
owaday
.

 Pi
l
lsar
ever
yef
fect
ivei
npr
event
ingunwant
edpr
egnanci
esasl
ongast
heyar
eused
r
egul
arl
yandcor
rect
ly.I
tal
y,Amer
icaandBr
it
ainhav
ethehi
ghestnumberofwomen
usi
ngpi
l
ls.

 Theyhel
pinpr
operchi
l
dspaci
ng. I
nfactmanyeducat
edwor
kingwomeni
nur
ban
ar
easl
i
keKampal
a,Masaka,andMukonouset
hem andt
hati
swhyt
heycanat
tai
nat
l
east3y
ear
sgapofchi
l
dspaci
ng.

 Usi
ngpi
l
lsenabl
espar
tner
stoenj
oysexatal
lti
mest
hati
swhenev
ert
heyl
i
ke.Thi
sis
becauset
heydonotexpectt
ogetunwant
edpr
egnanci
es.

 Pi
l
lsar
eeasyt
ofi
ndev
eni
nrur
alar
easbecauseonceonebuy
sapacki
ttakesherat
l
east28day
spr
epar
ingt
ogetanot
her
. Fori
nst
ancet
hewomanofLuwer
odi
str
ict
canuset
hismet
hodbyv
isi
ti
ngKasanaheal
thCent
reonceamont
h.

 Pi
l
lshar
dlygobadandcanbest
oredhy
gieni
cal
l
yunderappal
l
ingcondi
ti
onswi
thout
goi
ngbad.

 Themet
hodcanwor
kwel
lamongmar
ri
edpeopl
ewhof
indi
tunhy
gieni
corr
iskyt
ouse
condomswhenmaki
ngl
ovet
othei
rpar
tner
s.

 Unl
i
kecondoms,pi
l
lsar
emor
esoci
all
yaccept
edandl
adi
esf
indnodi
ff
icul
ti
est
o
di
scussaboutt
hem. Ev
ent
hemi
nist
ryofheal
thor
gani
zest
alkshowsonr
adi
osand
Tel
evi
sionst
ati
onst
oteachorencour
agewoment
heuseofcer
tai
nfami
l
ypl
anni
ng
met
hodsl
i
kepi
l
ls.

 Theycangi
veawomanf
reedom ofdoi
ngherdai
l
ywor
kwi
thoutf
eel
i
nganysi
deef
fect
i
fpr
oper
lyappl
i
ed.

Di
sadv
ant
ages
`
 Pi
l
lsar
epoi
sonouswhi
chwhent
akenov
eral
ongper
iodoft
imecancausebar
renness
t
oal
ady
.Forexampl
einchi
namanywomenar
ebar
renbecauset
heyusepi
l
lsasaway
ofcont
rol
l
ingunwant
edpr
egnancy
.

 Somepi
l
lsl
eadt
olossofbodywei
ght
.Forexampl
e,t
hewomeni
nUSAar
elar
gel
y
obesebecauseofpi
l
lsandconsumpt
ionofhy
chl
est
erol
.

 Pi
l
lsof
tencauseanumberofi
nconv
eni
enci
est
othewomenbydi
sor
gani
zi
ngt
hei
r
hor
monalcomposi
ti
onl
i
kehai
rsgr
owi
ngi
nwr
ongpl
aces. Fori
nst
ancei
nUganda
somewomenmov
ingonKampal
ast
reet
shav
ingbeadsar
eov
erexposedt
ouseof
pi
l
ls.

 ManyChr
ist
iansar
eagai
nstt
heuseofpi
l
lsbecauset
heyunder
mineGod’
sor
igi
nal
i
ntent
ionsofsexi
nst
it
uti
ons. I
nthecr
eat
ionst
ori
esGodcr
eat
edbot
hmanand
womanf
orpr
o-cr
eat
ionpur
poses.

 Thehor
monalsubst
ancescont
ainedi
ncont
racept
ivespi
l
lsmaygener
atecancer
ous
ef
fect
sinwomen. I
nBr
it
ainbr
eastcanceri
sathi
ghr
atebecausemanywomenuse
pi
l
ls.

 Justl
i
ke condoms pi
l
ls encour
age sexuali
mmor
ali
tyi
nthe soci
ety
.Ev
en some
unmar
ri
edl
adi
eshav
ecopi
edt
hehabi
tofusi
ngpi
l
lsbecauset
heyengagei
nsexual
r
elat
ionswi
thv
ari
ousmenatopendoor(
unpr
otect
edsex)

 Somepi
l
lsmaynotbegoodf
orf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngbecauset
heyusual
l
yrequi
reawoman
t
ounder
takeanumberofmedi
calt
est
sbef
oredet
ermi
ningt
heappr
opr
iat
ety
peofpi
l
l
f
orher
.Shet
est
sfordi
abet
es,
highbl
oodpr
essur
e,cancerandmanyot
her
s

 Youngl
adi
eswhoar
eont
hepi
l
lssomet
imessuf
fersi
deef
fect
s. Thi
sismor
e
commonwi
thl
adi
eswhosi
mpl
ykeeponusi
ngpi
l
lsbef
oret
hedoct
or’
sadv
ice.

 I
ll
stendt
ocausesomedi
seasesl
i
keul
cer
stowomenwhi
chcausest
omachpai
n.

 Somewomenwhohav
ejustst
art
edusi
ngpi
l
lsof
tenexper
ienceav
eryl
ow sexdr
ive
becauset
hei
rbodyhor
monesar
edi
sor
ient
ed. Theyt
endt
oexper
ienceal
otofpai
n
dur
ingsex.

 Youngwomenwhoar
eont
hepi
l
lshav
ever
yunpr
edi
ctabl
eper
iodswhi
chsomet
imes
di
sappearf
ormont
hsy
etatot
hert
imest
heycomei
nfor
m ofcont
inuousbl
eedi
ngf
or
weeks.
`
 Const
antuseofpi
l
lsmayl
eadt
opr
oduct
ionofabnor
mal
chi
l
dren.

ABORTI
ON

Thi
sisadel
i
ber
ateat
temptbywoment
oter
minat
econcept
ionatsuchat
imewhent
he
f
oet
uscannotbi
ologi
cal
l
y.

I
not
herwor
ds,I
t’
sist
hedel
i
ver
anceorexpul
sionoft
hef
oet
usf
rom t
hemot
her
’s
wombbef
orei
tisol
denought
oli
veani
ndependentout-
sidei
tsmot
her
’swomb.

Adv
ant
ages(
WhyPeopl
eAbor
t)

 Peopl
eadv
ocat
eforabor
ti
oni
ncaseofconcept
iont
hroughi
ncest
rousr
elat
ionshi
ps.
Thati
stosay
,impr
egnat
ingacl
oser
elat
ive.

 I
nsani
tyofsomewomenmakessomemeni
mpr
egnat
ethem butmaynotbei
n
posi
ti
ont
olookaf
tersuchchi
l
drensosomepeopl
esuppor
tthem t
oabor
t.

 Abor
ti
oni
spr
efer
redf
ori
ncasedoct
orsdi
scov
ert
hatt
hedev
elopi
ngf
oet
ushasa
ser
iousabnor
mal
i
tyt
hatmayki
l
litwi
thi
nashor
tti
me.Forexampl
einApr
il2002i
n
Lacorhospi
tal
2twi
nswer
ebor
nwi
thst
omachsat
tachedandshar
ingonel
i
ver
.

 Ther
ear
ewomenwhoear
nal
i
vingt
hroughpr
ost
it
uti
onandt
heyt
her
efor
ecar
ryout
abor
ti
oni
nor
dert
ost
ayi
nthei
rbusi
ness.

 Womensuppor
tabor
ti
oni
ncaset
heygetpr
egnancywhi
chcani
nter
fer
ewi
tht
hei
r
f
utur
ecar
eer
. Mor
eso gi
rl
swho getpr
egnantwhi
l
ein secondar
yschooll
evel
adv
ocat
eforabor
ti
on.

 Theki
ndofenv
ironmentwhi
chonesl
i
vesmayencour
ageabor
ti
on. Somewomendo
notwantt
obeseenpr
egnantwhi
l
eatt
hei
rpl
acesofwor
kort
hesepr
ofessi
ondoesnot
al
l
owt
hem t
ogetpr
egnant
.Forexampl
ethenuns9si
ster
s)f
rom t
heCat
hol
i
cChur
ch
whoobser
vet
hev
owofcel
i
bacy
.

 Somewomenabor
tbecauset
heywantt
okeept
hei
rjobs. Ther
ear
emanyempl
oyer
s
whodonotgi
vef
emal
eempl
oyeesf
reedom ort
imef
ormat
erni
tyl
eav
e. I
ncasea
f
emal
eempl
oyeeget
spr
egnant
,shemaywi
sht
oabor
t.

 Ther
ear
emenwhomakewomenpr
egnantbutdenyt
her
esponsi
bil
i
tyofl
ooki
ngaf
ter
`
t
hepr
egnancy
.Thi
sleav
esmanywomenwhoar
epoorwi
thnoopt
ionbutt
oabor
t.

 Abor
ti
onmaybesoughtf
ornotonl
ybyt
hewomanbutal
sot
heman(
husband)duet
o
economi
creasons.Thef
ami
l
ymaybef
inanci
all
yunst
abl
eandt
her
efor
emayf
ir
stwi
sh
t
olookaf
tert
heav
ail
abl
echi
l
drengr
ow,t
aket
hem t
ogoodschool
sli
keCi
tyPar
ent
s,
Ki
ngsCol
l
egeBuddo,
Aghakhanandot
her
sandt
henpr
oduceot
herchi
l
dren.

 Abor
ti
oni
sof
tenconsi
der
edi
nev
entofHI
V/AI
DSwhenanHI
V/AI
DSpat
ientget
s
pr
egnant
,thesi
ster
sofpr
egnancyandl
abourpai
nsmaybr
eakdown. Sodoct
ors
usual
l
ydi
scour
aget
hem f
rom cont
inui
ngwi
tht
hepr
egnancyhencet
heyabor
t.

 Att
imespeopl
ecar
ryoutabor
ti
onbecauset
heydi
scov
ert
hatt
hepr
egnancyt
heyhav
e
abnor
mal
i
ties.

Danger
sofAbor
ti
on

 Abor
ti
oni
saf
orm ofmur
derbecausei
tispur
posel
ytot
akeawayone’
sli
fe. The
const
it
uti
onandpenalcodeofUgandapl
ust
hebi
ble(
Exodus20)pr
eser
vest
her
ightt
o
one’
sli
fewhi
chabor
ti
oni
sagai
nst
.

 I
thasl
edt
oter
minat
ionofmanyst
udent
sinschool
sandsomet
imest
hei
rfut
ure
car
eer
sst
opst
her
eandt
hen.

 Manydoct
orsandnur
seshav
elostt
hei
rjobsandot
her
sthei
rwor
kingpl
acescl
osed
downf
orbei
ngsi
ght
edasar
easwher
ewomengooutt
ocar
ryoutabor
ti
on. For
i
nst
anceacl
i
niccal
l
edMar
ieSt
oppesUgandawasonceshutdownbyt
hegov
ernment
f
orbei
ngsuspect
edi
nthi
sli
ne.

 Abor
ti
onendanger
stheheal
thoft
hewomanandatt
imesr
esul
tsi
ntodeat
h. Thi
s
occur
smai
nlybecausesomewomenappl
yabor
ti
onmet
hodst
hatdonotf
itf
ort
hem
oruseunqual
i
fieddoct
orsornur
sest
oassi
stt
hem t
oabor
t.

 Peopl
eloser
espectwhet
hermar
ri
edorunmar
ri
edi
ftheyar
esuspect
edt
ohav
ecar
ri
ed
outabor
ti
on. I
n Uganda such women ar
e al
so known as “
mal
aay
a”j
ustl
i
ke
pr
ost
it
utes.

 Abor
ti
oni
sdanger
ousbecausei
tleav
esbehi
ndser
iousemot
ionandpsy
chol
ogi
cal
`
whi
chof
tenl
ast
sal
i
fet
imeoft
hewoman(
trauma)

 Abor
ti
oni
nst
il
lsawomani
ntoabedf
eel
i
ngt
hatonecansl
eepar
oundwi
thmen,get
s
pr
egnancyandl
aterconcei
vei
tout
.

 Abor
ti
onv
iol
atest
heet
hicsofdoct
orsandt
heysweart
opr
eser
vehumanl
i
featal
l
cost
s. Thi
siswhymanygi
rl
slooki
ngf
orabor
ti
onhar
dlygot
ogov
ernmenthospi
tal
s
l
i
keMul
agobutmov
etocl
i
nicsi
nsl
umsl
i
keKat
we,
Kamwoky
a,Ki
wuny
a,Ki
mombasa,
Kat
angaandot
her
swher
eiti
sdonesecr
etl
y.

 Manyt
imeswomenwhoabor
tex
per
ienceal
otofdi
scomf
orti
ntheut
erusandt
he
t
ubes. Asar
esul
tthepussbegi
nst
ooozeoutoft
hei
rpr
ivat
epar
tsandt
hesmel
lis
abhor
rent(
bad)

 Abor
ti
oni
sav
eryexpensi
vef
orm off
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng. I
nor
derf
oronet
obeoper
ated
car
eful
l
ysheneedst
oempl
oyanexper
ienceddoct
or/
nur
set
husgi
vi
nghi
m orher
r
easonabl
emoneyl
i
ke200,
000/
=.

 Abor
ti
oni
sdanger
ousordi
sadv
ant
ageousasi
tisv
erypai
nfulandt
hewomanwho
doesi
tgener
all
yfacesmor
epai
nst
hant
heonewhounder
goesnor
maldel
i
ver
y.The
doct
orsi
nser
tinst
rument
sint
othei
rpr
ivat
epar
tswhi
chscoopandt
eart
hef
oet
ust
o
pi
eces.

 I
tisav
eryr
iskymet
hodoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngsi
mpl
ybecausei
thascausedmanywomen
t
obecomebar
renort
hedoct
orsst
opt
hem f
rom pr
oduci
ngany
mor
e.

 Att
imesabor
ti
oncausesmi
sconcept
ion.Thewombmaybedi
sfi
gur
edandt
hecer
vix
mayl
oosenr
esul
ti
ngi
npr
e-mat
urebi
rt
h. Fori
nst
anceawomanmaypr
oduceasi
x
ol
dbaby
.

SHOULDABORTI
ONBELEGALI
ZEDI
NUGANDA?

Whati
stheChr
ist
ianst
andaboutabor
ti
on?

Chr
ist
ianscompl
etel
ydi
sagr
eewi
tht
hel
egal
i
zat
ionofabor
ti
oni
nUgandabasi
ngon
`
t
hef
oll
owi
ngr
easons;

 Theyconsi
deri
tasmur
derwher
east
hebi
blet
eachesi
nExodus20:
13“
thoushal
lnot
ki
ll
”meani
ngnobodyi
sal
l
owedt
oki
l
lanot
herhumanbei
ng.

 I
ntheChr
ist
iant
eachi
ng,abor
ti
oni
swr
ong. Womenar
enotgi
venpower
stodeci
de
whi
chl
i
vesandwhodoesnot
. Thi
sisGod’
srol
e.

 I
tisaf
orm ofsexuali
mmor
ali
tywhi
cht
hebi
bleal
socondemnsasnot
edi
nLev18and
1Cor6:
9.

 Peopl
ewhocar
ryoutabor
ti
oncal
lforGod’
stoughness.SoChr
ist
iansdonotsuppor
t
l
egal
i
zat
ionofabor
ti
on. I
nGen9:
6,Goddecl
aresapenal
tyofdeat
huponany
onewho
knowi
ngl
ycausest
hedeat
hofani
nnocentper
son.

 I
n Chr
ist
ian t
eachi
ng i
tis wr
ong t
olegal
i
ze abor
ti
on because i
tvi
olat
es God’
s
commandi
nGen1:
28wher
eGodt
oldAdam andEv
e“bef
rui
tf
ulandmul
ti
plyandf
il
l
t
heear
thandsubduei
t”
.

 Accor
dingt
oPaul
’
steachi
ngt
otheEphesi
ans6:
4,her
ulesoutt
hei
deaofabor
ti
on.
Het
eachest
hem t
hatGodwant
smant
obr
inguphi
syoungchi
l
drenwi
thChr
ist
ian
di
sci
pli
neandmanner
.

 Chr
ist
iansdonotsuppor
tlegal
i
zat
ionofabor
ti
onbecausei
tisasi
n. I
tdest
roy
sthe
beaut
yandi
mageofGodcont
ainedi
nGenesi
s1:
26-
28wher
eGodcr
eat
edmani
nhi
s
owni
mageandl
i
keness.

 Accor
dingt
othebi
ble,sexwascr
eat
edt
obeusedt
ogl
ori
fyGod. Soaccor
dingt
o
Paul
’
steachi
ng1Cor6:
13,hesay
sthatt
hebodyoft
heChr
ist
ianshoul
dnotbeused
f
orsexual
immor
ali
tybutt
oser
veGod.

 I
tisnotpr
opert
olegal
i
zeabor
ti
onbecausei
tmayr
esul
tinmar
ri
agei
nst
abi
l
itysuch
i
nst
abi
l
ityi
nmar
ri
agear
econdemnedbi
bli
cal
l
yasnot
edi
n1Cor7:
10.

SOLUTI
ONSTOABORTI
ON

 Rel
i
giousl
eader
sshoul
dor
gani
zet
hei
rcongr
egat
ionsoast
oext
endt
hei
rpr
ayer
s
t
owar
dst
henat
ions,whopr
act
iceabor
ti
onespeci
all
ytheChr
ist
iansbecausei
tis
r
egar
dedasungodl
y.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dputi
npl
aceheav
ypuni
shment
stowar
dst
hepeopl
efound
`
gui
l
tyov
erabor
ti
on.Thati
stosay
,li
fei
mpr
isonment
,cor
por
alpuni
shment
s(deat
h
penal
ty)

 Thepar
ent
sshoul
dext
endenoughsexeducat
iont
owar
dst
hei
rchi
l
drenbef
orej
oini
ng
upmar
ri
agei
nst
it
uti
on. Thi
scoul
dhel
pthegi
rlchi
l
dtobei
nfor
medaboutt
hemaj
or
ai
m ofcar
ryi
ngoutsex.Thati
stosay
,pr
o-cr
eat
ion.

 Thegov
ernmentandr
eli
giousl
eader
sshoul
deducat
ethemassesaboutpr
operuseof
sexandt
hedanger
sinv
olv
edi
nabor
ti
on. Thi
scoul
dbedonet
hroughpubl
i
shi
ngsex
educat
ionl
i
ter
atur
eoror
gani
zi
ngsemi
nar
sconcer
ningt
eachi
ngt
hey
out
haboutsex
i
ssues.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dsensi
ti
zet
hemassesaboutot
herf
ormsoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng
cont
rolmet
hodswhi
char
enotasdanger
ousasabor
ti
on.Forexampl
etheyshoul
d
t
eacht
hem met
hodsl
i
keuseofcondom,
pil
l
s,abst
inenceandwi
thdr
aw.

 Thegov
ernmentpl
usr
eli
giousl
eader
sshoul
dwor
khandi
nhandsoast
osuppor
t
pr
egnantwomenwi
thbasi
cnecessi
ti
es. Suchnecessi
ti
esl
i
kef
ood,shel
ter
,cl
othi
ng
andant
enat
alcar
ewhi
chsomewomenl
ovear
esomeot
hecausesoft
hei
rabor
ti
on.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dal
sohel
ppr
egnantwomenwhooptf
orabor
ti
onbecauset
hei
r
husbandsar
edeny
ingt
hepr
egnancy
. Thi
scoul
dbedonebyof
fer
ingf
reecounsel
i
ng
ser
vicesandi
ftheyper
sistt
heyshoul
dbei
mpr
isoned.

 The medi
calper
sonnelshoul
d be war
ned aboutmi
susi
ng t
hei
rpr
ofessi
onal
i
sm.
Al
thought
heyear
nal
otofmoneyf
rom car
ryi
ngoutabor
ti
on,t
heyneedt
oremember
t
hati
tisagai
nstGod’
swi
l
landal
sounpr
ofessi
onal
.

 Al
sot
hepar
ent
sshoul
dteacht
hei
rchi
l
drenaboutt
her
esponsi
bil
i
tiesofr
esponsi
ble
par
ent
hood.Thati
stosay
,gi
vi
ngbi
rt
handi
nst
il
li
ngdi
sci
pli
net
othey
oungones.

 I
nst
it
uti
ons especi
all
ythe school
s shoul
d putup st
ri
ctmeasur
es orr
ules and
r
egul
ati
onsconcer
ninggi
rlandboyr
elat
ionshi
p.

SPERMI
CIDESANDCREAMS

Thi
sisamet
hodofusi
ngcr
eams/j
ell
i
es/
tabl
etswhi
chdi
ssol
veandi
nser
tedi
ntot
he
v
irgi
nabef
oresexpl
ay. Thesecont
ainachemi
calt
hatde-
act
ivat
est
hesper
msofa
manpr
event
ingt
hem f
rom f
ert
il
iz
ingt
heegg(
ovar
y).
`
Mer
it
s/Adv
ant
ages

 Thi
smet
hodcont
rol
sunwant
edpr
egnanci
es.

 Themet
hodgi
vesawomanmor
eper
iodspr
epar
ingf
ort
henextbaby
.

 Themet
hodal
l
owst
hewomant
ocont
inuewi
thherdai
l
ywor
kfr
eel
ywi
thnopr
egnancy
i
nter
fer
ence.

 I
tpar
tl
ygi
vesf
ull
sexenj
oymentespeci
all
ytot
hesi
deoft
hewoman.

 I
tli
mit
stheuseofgadget
s.Forexampl
econdom whi
chmayacci
dent
all
ysi
dei
ntot
he
Vi
rgi
nacal
l
ingf
oramedi
cal
doct
orf
oroper
ati
on.

 I
tdoesnotcausedamaget
othewoman’
sbodyi
fwel
lappl
i
ed.

Di
sadv
ant
ages

 Theyar
esoscar
ceandv
eryexpensi
ve.I
ncount
ri
esl
i
keCanadamanyf
ami
l
iesand
ev
endoct
orssi
mpl
yfearaboutt
hem.

 Mencompl
aint
hatt
hecr
eam pr
oducesdi
srupt
ivesmel
lwhi
chdoesnotenabl
ethem
enj
oysexv
erywel
l
.

 I
nsomecasest
hecr
eam ki
l
lst
hesexual
appet
it
eoft
hemandur
ingsexual
int
ercour
se.

 Themet
hodmayl
eadt
oquar
rel
sbet
weenhusbandandwi
fe. Thi
smaycomeasa
r
esul
tofawomanappl
yi
ngt
hecr
eamswi
thoutt
heconsentoft
heman.

 I
tdeni
esment
hei
rful
lri
ghtofenj
oyi
ngsex.

 I
tisagai
nstGod’
swi
l
lthati
spr
o-cr
eat
ionasi
ndi
cat
edi
nGenesi
s1:
28.

 I
tdoes notpr
ivat
e par
tner
sto acqui
re sexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
ed di
sease l
i
ke AI
Ds,
gonor
rheai
ncaseoneoft
hem hasi
t.

 I
tmi
ghtdest
abi
l
izet
her
epr
oduct
ivesy
stem ofawomanhencebecomi
ngbar
ren.

I
NTRA-
UTERI
NEDEVI
CES(
IUD)/
COI
L

I
tisapl
ast
iccoi
lwhi
chanexper
tdoct
ori
nser
tsi
ntheut
erusoft
hewomant
hrought
he
Vi
rgi
na.

Adv
ant
ages
`
 I
tissoef
fect
ivebecausei
tdoesnotal
l
owt
hef
ert
il
izedeggf
rom r
eachi
ngt
heut
erus.

 I
tdoesnoti
nter
ruptsexuali
nter
cour
se. Thi
sisbecauset
hemanenj
oyssexwi
thout
t
hecoi
ldi
stur
binghi
m.

 Themet
hoddoesnothar
m awomani
fthecoi
li
swel
li
nser
ted.

 I
tal
l
owsf
ullt
imesexenj
oymentsomet
imeev
enwhent
hewomani
sinhermenst
rual
per
iodshedoesnotf
eel
thepai
n.

 Themet
hodcont
rol
sunwant
edpr
egnancyt
husgi
vi
ngi
mpr
operchi
l
dspaci
ngi
nthe
f
ami
l
y.

Demer
it
s

 Themet
hodi
snotappl
i
cabl
etowomenwhohav
egi
venbi
rt
hal
ready
.

 Themet
hoddeni
est
hewomant
her
ightt
opr
ivacybecausei
thast
obei
nser
tedi
nto
t
heut
erusbyexper
iencedper
sonnel
.

 I
tisnotaguar
ant
eet
hatonecannotgeti
nfect
edwi
thSTDSbecausebl
oodcannot
passt
hroughot
herchannel
s.

 Themet
hodcanpr
oducei
nfect
ionl
eadi
ngt
othebl
ockageoft
hef
all
opi
ant
ubesl
ater
l
eadi
ngt
oinf
ert
il
it
y.

 Somewomencompl
aint
hati
tmakest
hem uncomf
ort
abl
eint
hei
rut
erus.

 I
fappl
i
edwi
thoutt
heconsentoft
hehusbandt
hemancandi
vor
cet
hewomanaf
ter
r
eal
i
zingt
hatshedoesnotwantt
opr
oducechi
l
dren.

STERI
LIZATI
ON(
Per
manentBi
rt
hCont
rolMet
hod)

Thi
sisaper
manentbi
rt
hcont
rolmet
hod. I
tcanbecar
ri
edoutt
oei
theramanora
woman.Thef
all
opi
ant
ubesar
ecutt
orunoper
ati
on. Fort
hecaseoft
hemant
he
sper
mat
iccodet
hroughwhi
cht
hesper
mspassf
rom t
het
est
acl
esar
ecutorbl
ocked.
Peopl
eshoul
dcar
ryi
toutwhent
hecoupl
ehashadenoughchi
l
dren.

Mer
it
s

 Oncet
heoper
ati
oni
scar
eful
l
ycar
ri
edout
,iti
sconv
eni
entf
orst
oppi
ngunwant
ed
concept
ion.

 I
tal
soal
l
owsconst
antsexpl
ayf
reel
ytot
akepl
ace.
`
 St
eri
l
izat
ionhashel
pedal
ott
ocont
rolt
hehi
ghpopul
ati
oni
nthecount
ryf
orexampl
e
Chi
naandI
ndi
a.

 I
fnotdamaged,
themanr
emai
nswi
thhi
snat
uralener
gyt
oper
for
m wor
kordut
iesand
onl
yli
mit
edwi
thpr
oduci
ngchi
l
dren.

 Themet
hodmaygi
vechancet
othebanall
i
vingchi
l
drent
ohav
emor
ecar
efr
om t
he
par
ent
sbecauset
heyhav
eamanageabl
enumberofchi
l
dren.

 St
eri
l
izat
ionbr
ingsmor
ecompani
onshi
pbet
weenpar
tner
sbecauseatt
het
imeofone
under
taki
ngi
t,t
heyshoul
dhav
eagr
eed.

Demer
it
s

 Themet
hodmaynotbesui
tabl
eforchi
l
dspaci
ngi
fthemanhadj
ustpr
oducedaf
ew
chi
l
drenandacci
dent
all
ytheyal
ldi
einashor
tper
iodoft
ime. Fori
nst
ancet
heycan
di
einanacci
dent
.

 The met
hod does notguar
ant
ee pr
event
ion ofsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
ed di
sease.For
exampl
eHI
V/AI
DS,
syphi
l
is,
gonor
rheaandmanyot
her
s

 I
tst
il
lper
mit
sadul
ter
ytogooni
nthef
ami
l
y. Thest
eri
l
izedmanmaynotf
eart
ogo
outwi
thot
herwomenbecausehei
ssur
ethathecannoti
mpr
egnat
ethewomanev
eni
f
i
tisl
i
vesex.

 Themet
hoddoesnotgi
vepr
ivacyt
otheman. Thi
sisbecauset
heoper
ati
onof
st
eri
l
izat
iont
akespl
aceundert
hecont
rol
ofaseni
ormedi
cal
per
sonnel
.

 Themet
hodi
sir
rev
ersi
ble.Thati
stosay
,ev
eni
fthepar
tnerdeci
dest
ochangeandadd
ont
hechi
l
drent
heyal
readyhav
e,i
tisi
mpossi
ble.

 I
ncaset
her
eisi
nev
itabl
edi
vor
ce,t
hedi
vor
cedespeci
all
ythewomanf
indsi
thar
dto
r
emar
ry. Ev
eni
fshedoessowi
thoutt
heknowl
edgeoft
henewhusbandandl
aterhe
get
stoknowaboutherst
atus,
shewi
l
lbeagai
ndi
vor
ced.

REASONS TO WHY FAMI

LY PLANNI
NG WAS NOT HEARD OF I
N AFRI
CAN
TRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY

 Mostoft
hear
ti
fi
cialf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodsappl
i
edt
odaywer
enoti
nexi
stenceI
n
Af
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
. Forex
ampl
etheuseofcondomsandpi
l
lswasnot
`
y
etadv
anced.Thusi
twoul
dn’
tbepr
act
icedbecauseot
heabsenceofsuchf
ami
l
y
pl
anni
ngmet
hodsusedt
oday
.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngwasnotcommonsi
mpl
ybecauset
hey
v
aluedchi
l
drensomuch. Thenumberofchi
l
drenact
edasacr
it
eri
onf
oronet
obe
el
ect
edasal
eaderoft
hesoci
ety
. Anymar
ri
agewi
thoutchi
l
drencoul
dmeansucha
manwoul
dnotbeent
rust
edwi
tht
hepowerofaut
hor
it
y.

 Fami
l
ypl
anni
ng wasunhear
d ofI
n Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
etybecause t
he many
chi
l
drent
heypr
oducedext
endedmat
eri
alweal
tht
otheman. Fori
nst
ance,i
faman
pr
oducedmanygi
rl
sandt
heyal
lgotmar
ri
ed,
theywoul
dof
fert
hef
ami
l
yal
otofbr
idal
weal
thl
i
kewi
seboy
scoul
dof
fermor
esecur
it
ytot
hef
ami
l
yandv
il
lageatl
arge.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngwasunhear
dofbecausemanysoci
eti
es
wer
echar
act
eri
zedwi
thl
owpopul
ati
onsoi
twasone’
sdut
ytodel
i
verasmanychi
l
dren
aspossi
blesoast
ocheckont
hepopul
ati
on.

 Al
sof
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngwasunhear
dofI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etybecauset
hemor
e
chi
l
drenonepr
oduced,t
heyseal
edt
hei
rmar
ri
age.Ther
efor
ethi
sev
enf
orcedment
o
pr
act
icepol
ygamy
.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,fami
l
ypl
anni
ngwasr
arel
yhear
dofsi
mpl
ybecauset
he
manychi
l
drenpr
oducedcont
ri
but
edmucht
owar
dst
hecont
inuousexi
stenceoft
hei
r
f
ami
l
yandt
hecl
anatl
argemostespeci
all
ytheboy
ssi
ncet
heyact
edassuccessor
sto
t
hei
rfami
l
ies.

 I
twasbecauset
radi
ti
onalAf
ri
cansbel
i
evedi
twasaf
orei
gnki
ndofpl
anort
hewhi
tes
t
oreducet
hepopul
ati
onofAf
ri
cans. So,t
heAf
ri
canssai
ditwasunder
mini
ngt
hei
r
cul
tur
alnor
msandv
alues.

 Thepr
esenceofenoughl
andi
nAf
ri
cawher
efar
mingandset
tl
ementcoul
dtakepl
ace
madet
het
radi
ti
onal
Afr
icanst
onegl
ectf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng.Theyhadspacewher
etogr
ow
f
oodcr
opsandf
eedt
hei
rfami
l
ies,pl
uscar
ryi
ngoutpast
oral
i
sm,t
husmaki
ngf
ami
l
y
pl
anni
ngunpr
act
iced.

 Fami
l
ypl
anni
ngwasal
sounhear
dofI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etybecauset
hechi
l
dren
t
heywant
edcont
ri
but
edmuchasf
arasext
endi
ngt
hei
rpar
ent
alski
l
lsi
nmat
ter
s
per
tai
ningwor
k.Thati
stosay
,hunt
ing,
fishi
ng.Ar
tsandcr
aft
.
`
 Al
sof
ort
heco-
wiv
est
opl
easet
hei
rhusbandsmadef
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngunhear
dofI
n
Af
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
. Womencompet
edi
npr
oduct
ionofchi
l
drenwhi
chcoul
d
ear
nthem t
hei
rman’
sfi
rstl
uck.

 Fami
l
ypl
anni
ngwasunhear
dofI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etysi
mpl
ybecausemar
ri
age
wascompul
sor
yinnat
ureanddel
i
ver
yofchi
l
drenwasamustf
ort
hemar
ri
edpar
tner
s.
Thusabst
inenceasabi
rt
hcont
rol
met
hodwasal
sounhear
dof
.

 I
nor
dert
ocont
rolsexuali
mmor
ali
tyl
i
keadul
ter
y,f
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngwasav
oidedI
n
Af
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
. Mencoul
dnotgof
orot
herwomenl
i
kei
tist
odaybecause
t
hewi
feathomei
scar
ryi
ngoutchi
l
dspaci
ng/
abst
aini
ngf
rom sext
oav
oidunwant
ed
pr
egnancy
.

CHRI
STI
ANTEACHI
NGABOUTFAMI
LYPLANNI
NG

 MostChr
ist
iansaget
hatf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngi
swr
ongf
ort
hecoupl
est
odel
i
ber
atel
ydeci
de
nott
ohav
echi
l
drenhowev
ersomef
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodsdenyt
hev
iewt
hatar
ea
bl
essi
ngf
rom God(
Gen1:
28)

 Some f
ami
l
y pl
anni
ng met
hods ar
e un Chr
ist
ian because t
hey pr
omot
e sexual
i
mmor
ali
ty. Fori
nst
ancet
heuseofcondomshasi
ncr
easedt
hepr
act
iceofsexbef
ore
mar
ri
ageamongt
hey
out
hwhi
chChr
ist
iani
tydi
sappr
oves.

 Thechur
chandChr
ist
iancommuni
tyofl
argebel
i
ever
sthatsexi
sabl
essi
ngf
rom God
t
obeenj
oyedonl
yint
hecont
extofmar
ri
age. Butwi
thsomef
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hods
l
i
kewi
thdr
aw met
hodi
tunder
minesGod’
sint
ent
ionofpr
ocr
eat
ionandev
enenj
oyi
ng
sexbyonl
ymar
ri
edpeopl
e.

 TosomeChr
ist
iansandchur
chesl
i
keRomanCat
hol
i
cChur
ch(
RCC)t
heydi
sagr
eewi
th
t
heuseofar
ti
fi
cialmet
hodoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng. Theysayi
tisanof
fencewhi
ch
under
minest
hedi
gni
tyoft
hewoman.Forexampl
euseofI
UD.

 Tot
heChr
ist
ians,t
heydi
sagr
eewi
tht
hef
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodofst
eri
l
izat
ion;t
hey
sayi
tisanabuseofGod’
scr
eat
ionofmani
nhi
sowni
mage.

 Howev
ermanyChr
ist
ianchur
chesagr
eewi
thnat
uralf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodl
i
ke
abst
inenceandsaf
eday
s

 Consi
der
ingt
hosewhoabor
tasamet
hodoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngorawayofcont
rol
l
ing
popul
ati
onpr
essur
e,i
ncount
ri
esl
i
kechi
naandI
ndi
a,t
heChr
ist
iansopposei
tbecause
`
i
tst
ermi
nat
ionst
oone’
sli
feormur
derwher
easaccor
dingt
oExodus20:
13Ther
eisno
humanbei
ngper
mit
tedbyGodt
omur
dert
heot
her
s.

 Chr
ist
iani
tyi
sagai
nstf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodsl
i
ket
heuseofpi
l
ls. Thi
sisbecause
t
heyaf
fectt
hepr
operf
unct
ioni
ngoft
hewoman’
sbodyandev
eni
tsshape. Wher
eas
accor
dingt
otheChr
ist
iant
eachi
ng,
thebodyofaChr
ist
iani
sat
empl
eoft
hehol
yspi
ri
t
whi
chdoesnotneedt
obet
emper
edwi
th(
1Cor6:
8,20)

 SomeChr
ist
iansconser
vat
iveopposef
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodsbecauset
heysayi
tis
opposi
ngGod’
scommandi
nGen1:
28whi
chway
s“gopr
oduce,mul
ti
plyandsubdue
t
heear
th”
.

 Chr
ist
iani
tyt
eachest
hatt
hear
ti
fi
ci
alf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodsdest
royGod’
spl
anf
or
manki
nd. Hei
stheov
eral
lofev
ery
thi
ngt
hathecr
eat
edl
i
ket
het
rees,pl
ant
,ani
mal
s
butmenr
ebel
sagai
nstGodwhenhepr
eachesf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng.

 ManyChr
ist
ianst
eachagai
nstf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodsl
i
ket
heuseofcondoms,t
hey
sayi
tisnotusedbyt
hedoct
or’
spr
escr
ipt
ion. Mai
nlybutduet
othedesi
ret
oenj
oy
sexofal
lti
mesagai
nandagai
n.

FACTORSUNDERMI
NINGTHESUCCESSOFFAMI
LYPLANNI
NGI
NUGANDA

 Thehi
ghl
evelofi
gnor
anceori
l
li
ter
acy
,manypeopl
ear
enoteducat
edwel
lonhowt
o
appl
yvar
iousf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodsl
i
kest
eri
l
izat
ionI
UD,sper
mici
desneedmor
e
exper
ienceamongt
heuser
s.

 Thehi
ghl
evelofpov
ert
yhasal
sohi
nder
edmanypeopl
efr
om appl
yi
ngcer
tai
nfami
l
y
pl
anni
ngmet
hodt
heywantf
ori
nst
anceaper
sonmi
ghtwi
sht
ouseI
UDs(
Int
raut
eri
ne
dev
ices)butt
he money demanded f
rom herby t
he doct
ors mi
ghthi
nderher
dr
eam/
wisht
ocomet
rue.

 Ther
oleofcul
tur
ehasunder
minedt
hesuccessoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngi
nUgandai
nmany
ki
ngdomsl
i
keBuganda,Busoga,Ankol
e,t
het
radi
ti
onall
eader
shav
eencour
agedt
hei
r
subj
ect
stokeeponpr
oduci
ngmanychi
l
drenwhocandef
endanddev
elopt
heki
ngdom.

 Themassmedi
aincl
udi
ngr
adi
ost
ati
on,
tel
evi
sionandnews-paper
shav
ehi
nder
edt
he
appl
i
cat
ionoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngi
nUgandaandi
nst
eadpr
omot
edsexualact
ivi
ti
es.Some
r
adi
osandTVpr
ogammesar
eencour
agi
ngsexualact
ivi
ti
esl
i
keAkasal
eonBukedde
t
elev
isi
on,
lov
edoct
oronCapi
tal
FM,
Mr.Hy
enai
nRedpepper
.
`
 Manypeopl
ebel
i
evei
nthecul
tur
alway
sofpol
ygamousmar
ri
ages. Nat
ural
l
ymany
Ugandanswhent
heybecomer
icher
,theyt
endt
olookf
ormor
ewoment
omar
ryhence
f
ami
l
ypl
anni
nghi
ndr
ance. Thi
siscommonl
ypr
act
icedbyt
heMosl
ems.

 Thet
eachi
ngshav
eal
sohi
nder
edt
hesuccessoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng. I
nsomechur
ches
l
i
ket
heRomanCat
hol
i
cChur
ch. Theydonotdenysexbef
oremar
ri
agebutal
sodo
notsuppor
tanyar
ti
fi
cialf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodl
i
ket
heuseofcondoms. Thi
s
causedsomeChr
ist
ianst
opr
oducemor
echi
l
dreni
nashor
tti
mewhent
heycannot
l
ookaf
terpr
oper
.

 Thehi
ghl
evelofi
mmor
ali
tyi
nthecount
ryhasal
sounder
minedt
hesuccessoff
ami
l
y
pl
anni
ng. I
tisv
erydi
ff
icul
ttoi
mpl
ementf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng i
nsuchaper
missi
ve
Ugandansoci
etywher
eev
ent
hel
awsar
ever
yweak.Peopl
efr
eel
ypr
act
iceal
most
mov
ehal
fwaynakeddr
essi
ng,pr
ost
it
uti
on,f
orni
cat
ion,homosexual
i
tybutl
i
ttl
eef
for
t
i
sputt
owar
dst
hem.

 Thehi
ghdeat
hrat
eint
hecount
ry. AI
DSandacci
dent
shav
econsumedmanypeopl
es’
chi
l
drenandt
hushav
ebeenf
orcedt
okeeponpr
oduci
ng/r
epr
oduci
ng.

 Theav
ail
abi
l
ityofr
esour
ces,manypeopl
einv
il
lageev
ent
houghgi
venf
reecondoms.
Forexampl
edonotwi
sht
ouset
hem becauset
heycl
aimt
hatt
heyhav
eenoughf
ood
t
ofeedt
hei
rchi
l
dren.

 Somemet
hodsoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngar
ereal
i
sti
corhar
dtoappl
yforexampl
etheuseof
wi
thdr
awmet
hodhasbeenappl
i
edbymanymenbutendupi
mpr
egnat
ingt
hewoman
becausei
tisv
erydi
ff
icul
ttoamant
owi
thdr
awatt
het
imeofej
acul
ati
onandal
sot
he
amountofsper
mst
hatcausepr
egnancycanbeasl
i
ttl
easadr
opofwat
er.

 ManywomenofUgandaar
enat
ural
l
yfer
ti
le.I
naddi
ti
ont
othi
sot
her
shav
ehi
ghsexual
l
i
bidoandt
her
efor
eitbecomeshar
dtocont
rolt
hepopul
ati
onwhent
heeggsoft
he
womanar
est
il
lact
ive.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofAf
ri
canel
i
teshasal
sounder
minedf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng.Theydecampai
gn
f
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngsay
ingi
tisawest
ernt
ri
ckt
oreduceonAf
ri
canpopul
ati
on.

 Thegov
ernmentpol
i
cyofpay
ingf
orchi
l
drenf
eesatpr
imar
ycal
l
edUni
ver
salpr
imar
y
Educat
ion [
UPE] and Uni
ver
salSecondar
y Educat
ion [
USE] i
n secondar
y has
encour
agedsomepar
ent
stokeeponpr
oduci
ng.
`
 Theweaknessofgov
ernmentpr
ogr
ammes. I
tmai
nlyt
alksaboutf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng
pr
ogr
ammesonTVsandr
adi
osandnewspaper
sbutf
ail
edt
ogodownt
othegr
ass
r
oot
s(v
il
lages)wher
ethepeopl
edonothav
ethesenseoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngt
oteach
t
hem i
tsi
mpor
tance.

“
ITWOULDBEWRONGTOEMPHASI
ZEFAMI
LYPLANNI
NGI
NASI
TUATI
ONWHERE
AI
DSHASBEENANDSTI
LLCLAI
MINGHUMANTODEPLETI
ON”DI
SCUSS.

Fami
l
ypl
anni
ngi
sanat
temptmadebysomepeopl
eespeci
all
yhusbandsandwi
vest
o
deci
deont
hef
ami
l
ysi
zei
nter
msofnumberpr
oducedbasi
ngondi
ff
erentf
ami
l
y
pl
anni
ngmet
hodsl
i
keabor
ti
on,
sper
mici
des,
IUDs.

Depl
eti
onofhumani
tymaymeant
hei
ncr
easi
ngr
educt
ionofhumanbei
ngsduet
othe
AI
DSscour
ge.

Thesuppor
ter
soff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngami
dstt
heAI
DSscour
gebaset
hei
rvi
ewsont
he
f
oll
owi
ngr
easons.

 Fami
l
ypl
anni
nghel
pst
oer
adi
cat
eov
ercr
owdnessofchi
l
drenwhowoul
dbel
ess
cat
eredf
ori
nthef
ami
l
yandt
hecommuni
tyatl
argel
i
kei
nschool
s.Ther
efor
ethey
suppor
tthev
iewoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngal
thoughAI
DSi
scl
aimi
ngmanyhumanbei
ngs.

 Manypeopl
est
il
lemphasi
zedf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngal
thoughAI
DSi
scl
aimi
nghumani
tyt
o
depl
eti
on al
so t
hepopul
ati
on i
sst
il
lhi
gh and heav
ail
abi
l
itychi
l
dren need t
o be
pr
ovi
dedwi
thbet
termedi
cat
ionandeducat
ional
faci
l
iti
es.

 Al
thoughAI
DSi
scl
aimi
nghumani
tyt
odepl
eti
on,manyot
herpeopl
ear
esuppor
ti
ng
f
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng. Ther
evi
ewi
sfami
l
ypl
anni
nghashel
pedmanyot
her
stohav
ebet
ter
heal
thr
ecov
erf
rom t
het
imesheconcei
vedupt
othet
imeofat
tai
ningnewki
d.
`
NB:Lookatt
headv
ant
agesoff
ami
lypl
anni
ng

Howev
ertoalar
gerextentmanypeopl
esupportt
hev i
ew ofcont
inui
ngduet
othe
AI
DSdepl
eti
onofhumanit
ybygiv
ingt
hefol
lowi
ngreasons;
 Thef
actt
hatAI
DSki
l
lsnotl
i
kemal
ari
awhi
chcanbecur
edi
nashor
tti
me,
iti
sgoodt
o
pr
oducemor
echi
l
dreni
nfami
l
iesespeci
all
ywher
ethepar
ent
shav
elostmanyoft
hei
r
chi
l
drenduet
oAI
DSat
tract
.

 Themi
nist
ryofheal
thi
nUgandahast
hreat
eni
ngmessagesay
ingt
hatmanypeopl
ear
e
get
ti
ngi
nfect
edwi
thHI
V/AI
DS.Ther
efor
ethi
smeanst
hatt
hosewhocanaf
for
dto
pr
oducemor
echi
l
drenshoul
dgoahead.

 I
tisst
atedt he23rdcent
hatbyt ury
,manypeopl
ewoul
dbei
nfect
edwi
thHI
V/AI
DSi
fthe
dr
ugf
ori
tssur
eisnoty
eti
nvent
ed. Thi
smeanst
hatchi
l
drenwhowi
l
lrepl
acet
he
HI
V/AI
DSv
ict
imswhent
heydi
e.

 Ther
ateofmar
it
alunf
ait
hful
nessi
shi
ghi
nUgandameani
ngt
hatev
encont
rol
l
ingAI
DS
maynotbepossi
blehencepeopl
esayi
tiswr
ongt
oemphasi
zef
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngbutsay
whoev
erhasachancet
opr
oduceshoul
dgoaheadandpr
oduce.

 I
tmaybewr
ongt
oemphasi
zef
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngi
nasi
tuat
ionwher
ear
ever
ymany
r
elat
iveswhohav
edi
edl
i
vingal
otofpr
oper
tyorweal
thbehi
ndhav
ingnochi
l
drent
o
i
nher
it
.Somanyr
ichpeopl
ehav
egoneont
opr
oducemor
echi
l
drenbecauset
heyhav
e
madef
ort
hem i
nvest
ment
stoi
nher
itl
i
kel
andori
ndust
ry.

 Thosewhodon’
tsuppor
tthev
iewoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngal
sosayt
hatt
hesecur
it
yoft
he
count
ryneedspr
oduct
ionofmor
echi
l
drenwhocanj
oint
hear
myasmanysol
dier
s
hav
edi
edofAI
DS.

 Somei
ndi
vi
dual
sencour
agef
ri
endst
opr
oduceasmanychi
l
drenast
heycan,not
f
ear
ingAI
DSbecauset
heyar
esur
ethedr
ugf
orcur
ingt
hedi
seasei
ssoont
obe
di
scov
ered.

“
ITI
S COMMON PRACTI
CE TO FI
ND MANY ADOLESCENTS ENDI
NG A SI
NGLE
MOTHERSANDFATHERS”
.

 Si
ngl
epar
ent
hoodi
sat
tri
but
edt
othehi
ghr
ateofper
missi
venessi
nourmoder
n
soci
etypeopl
ear
eal
l
owedt
odowhatt
heywant
.Thati
stosay
,ei
thert
obeof
fi
cial
l
y
mar
ri
edort
ohav
epar
tner
sasi
debutst
ayi
nsi
ngl
eli
fe.
`
 Thehi
ghr
ateoff
orni
cat
ion. Manyadol
escent
swhoar
est
ayi
ngi
nsi
ngl
eli
feas
mot
her
scoul
dhav
epr
egnancydur
ingschoolt
imeandt
henl
aterar
echasedoutof
schoolandoutoft
hei
rhomes. Theymanmaynotbeabl
etost
aywi
tht
hem
per
manent
lyandhencel
i
veasi
ngl
eli
fe.

 Thef
inanci
alhar
dshi
pst
odayhav
ecausedsomement
oremai
nsi
ngl
eli
fe. Onemay
r
eal
i
zet
hatt
heycannotst
aywi
tht
hei
rwi
ves.

 Manyadol
escent
shav
ebeenf
rust
rat
edbyt
hei
rwoul
d-bepar
tner
s. I
tiscommont
o
f
indmanymenst
ayi
ngi
nsi
ngl
eli
ebecauset
hewomanhewant
edt
omar
ryf
rust
rat
ed
hi
m byget
ti
ngmar
ri
edt
oanot
herman.

 Somegi
rl
sfi
ndt
hemsel
vesar
ebar
ren. Ther
efor
e,i
nst
eadofbei
ngashamedt
othe
men,
shedeci
dest
oli
veasi
ngl
eli
fe.

 I
nsi
tuat
ionwher
esomeonet
akesmucht
imei
nst
udi
es,
he/
shemayendupnotget
ti
ng
of
fi
cial
l
ymar
ri
edbutcoul
dhav
eaki
d.

 Mi
sunder
standi
ngt
hatcr
opupi
naf
ami
l
y(di
vor
cear
eamongt
hecommoncausesof
si
ngl
epar
ent
s. Somanyadol
escent
swhent
heygetmar
ri
ed,t
heyeasi
l
ysepar
ate
becauset
heyhav
emar
ri
edeachot
herduet
othei
nfl
uenceoff
orni
cat
ionandl
acked
mar
ri
agei
nst
ruct
ions.

 Thedeat
hofapar
tnercanl
eadt
osi
ngl
epar
ent
hood.Duet
oincr
easedacci
dent
s,war
s,
someadol
escentgi
rl
shav
eremai
nedi
nsi
ngl
eli
febecauseoft
hepar
tnerwhodi
edi
n
anacci
dentorbat
tl
e.Forexampl
e i
n2016whenAK47(
May
anj
aEmmanuel
)the
br
othert
oJoseChamel
eondi
ed,
lef
tay
oungl
adywi
tht
winsi

 Thef
eart
oacqui
redi
seasesl
i
keAI
DS.Somel
adi
eshav
eremai
nedasi
ngl
emot
her
becauset
hei
rpar
tner
sdi
edofHI
V/AI
DSandsoshedoesnotwantt
ospr
eadi
tto
ot
her
s.

 Sexuali
mmor
ali
tyl
i
keadul
ter
yhasal
sol
edt
osi
ngl
emot
herorf
ather
.Somemenand
womenst
ayal
onewi
tht
hei
rchi
l
drenei
therbecauset
hemanpr
act
icesexout
sidehi
s
of
fi
cialmar
ri
ageorbecauset
hewomandi
vor
cedt
hemanandshest
aysal
oneaf
ter
not
ici
ngherhusbandcommi
tt
edadul
ter
y.
`

EFFECTSOFDI
FFI
CULTI
ESI
NVOLVEDI
NSI
NGLEMOTHERHOODORFATHERHOOD

 I
ncaseonewasmar
ri
edandwasdi
vor
cedwi
thoutherconcer
nther
ear
eli
kel
i
hoodof
l
ongt
erm hat
redwi
tht
hemanespeci
all
yifshehadchi
l
drenf
rom hi
m.

 Onedoesnotgetpur
ehumanr
espectf
rom t
hecommuni
tyi
fhe/
shel
i
vesasi
ngl
eli
fe.

 Si
ngl
emot
her
hoodorf
ather
hoodi
spar
tl
yresponsi
blef
ort
hei
ncr
easedspr
eadof
sexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
edi
nfect
ion. Thi
sisbecauseonemaybeenj
oyi
ngsexwi
thv
ery
manyl
over
sofwhom shehasnoof
fi
cial
par
tner
.

 Thesi
tuat
ioni
sli
kel
ytocausecasesofsui
cide.Apar
tnerwhomayf
eelf
rust
rat
edmay
bet
hroughdi
vor
cemaydeci
det
ocar
ryoutsui
cideuponhi
m orher
sel
f.

 Li
vi
ngsi
ngl
eli
feasmot
her
shasl
edt
oincr
easedr
ateofpr
ost
it
uti
on.Manypr
ost
it
utes
ar
eint
hatbusi
nessnotbecauset
heyar
elooki
ngf
orpar
tner
sorhav
efai
l
edt
ogetone,
butbecauset
heysepar
atedwi
tht
hei
rhusband.

 Manychi
l
drenhav
egr
ownuponst
reet
sofbi
gtownsl
i
keKampal
a,Masaka,Mbar
ara
becauset
heyl
ackcl
earpar
ent
alcar
e,t
hemot
hercoul
dhav
ebeendi
vor
cedandl
i
ved
si
ngl
eli
fewher
eshef
ail
edt
olookaf
tert
heki
d’spr
oper
tyl
i
ket
aki
nghi
m/hert
oschool
hencel
eadi
ngt
heki
dtomov
eonst
reet
s.

 Thei
ncr
easedcasesofi
ncesti
nthesoci
etypar
tl
yor
igi
nat
efr
om f
ami
l
ieswher
e
chi
l
drengr
ownupwi
thonl
ythef
atherormot
her
.Themanymayr
emai
nwi
thsome
chi
l
drenandt
hemot
heral
sor
emai
nswi
thot
her
ssowhent
heymeeti
npubl
i
cli
keat
school
,theydonotknowt
hatt
heyar
erel
ated.

 Thel
i
feofsi
ngl
emot
her
sandf
ather
shasr
esul
tedi
ntopsy
chol
ogi
calt
ort
uref
orsome
men and women.When someone l
oses a dearpar
tnert
hrough separ
ati
on or
somebodyel
sehasseducedt
hepar
tner
,he/
shemayenduphat
ingmar
ri
ageal
lhi
sli
fe
t
ime.
`
 Chi
l
drenbr
oughtupi
nthel
i
feofsi
ngl
epar
ent
hoodar
eli
kel
ytogr
ow upwi
thl
i
ttl
e
mor
algui
dance.Thati
stosay
,manyoft
hem ar
eir
rel
i
gious.

 Si
gnsofwi
tch-
craf
ti
sm ar
eonani
ncr
easei
nthesoci
etymai
nlypr
act
icedbysi
ngl
e
mot
herwhobewi
tchmenwhodi
vor
cedt
hem.

 Agi
rlwhol
i
vesi
nasi
ngl
eli
feasamot
herbecomesasoci
aloutcr
afti
nthesoci
ety
.
I
not
herwor
dsshehasnor
espectf
rom t
her
elat
ivesandcommuni
tyatl
arge.

WORK,
LEI
SUREANDMONEY

WORK

Thet
erm wor
kref
erst
oanypr
oduct
iveact
ivi
tydonebyani
ndi
vi
dualbyuseofment
al
orphy
sical
abi
l
ity
.

Themaj
orai
m ofwor
kist
ogetmat
eri
alpossessi
oni
nfor
m ofmoney
,land,car
sand
meetot
herf
ami
l
ynecessi
ti
esl
i
kebuy
ingf
ood,pay
ingschoolf
eesf
orchi
l
drenand
pay
ingwat
erorel
ect
ri
cit
ybi
l
ls.

WHYDOPEOPLEWORK?

 Somepeopl
ewor
kint
hepr
esentsi
tuat
ionsoast
oful
fi
llGod’
scommandment
sas
gi
vent
oAdam andEv
einGenesi
s1:
28.

 Peopl
ewor
ktodayt
ocopyGod’
sexampl
es.Thati
stosay
,accor
dingt
othecr
eat
ion
st
ori
es,
Godwor
kedt
hroughcr
eat
ionofheav
enandear
thandsoast
owor
ktoo.

 Somepeopl
ewor
ktodayi
nor
dert
oacqui
rebasi
cneedsofl
i
fe.Forexampl
efood,
shel
terandcl
othes.

 I
nthepr
esentsi
tuat
ion,manypeopl
ear
epushedt
owor
khar
dsoast
oov
ercome
`
unl
awf
ulact
sint
hesoci
etyl
i
kest
eal
i
ng,
mur
der
,pr
ost
it
uti
onandmanyot
her
s

 Wor
kisdonet
odayt
oenabl
esomeonegetr
espectf
rom t
hesoci
ety
. Si
ncel
azi
nessi
s
condemned ev
en i
nthebi
ble,t
hisencour
agespeopl
eto wor
khar
d so ast
o be
r
ecogni
zedi
nsoci
ety
.

 Somepeopl
ewor
khar
dinor
dert
oext
endchar
it
abl
eser
vicet
otheneedy
. Af
ter
wor
kinghar
dandaccumul
ati
ngweal
th,someChr
ist
iansof
ferassi
stancei
nter
msof
f
ood,
clot
hes,
housi
ng,
school
feest
ofel
l
owbel
i
ever
s.

 I
nthepr
esentsi
tuat
ionpeopl
egof
orwor
ksoast
obecomej
obcr
eat
orsot
hert
hanj
ob
seeker
s.

 Somepeopl
egof
orwor
kinor
dert
oov
ercomebor
edom whi
chcanr
esul
tint
oant
i-
soci
albehav
iour
sint
hesoci
ety.Forexampl
epr
ost
it
uti
on,
gambl
i
ng.

 SomeChr
ist
ianswor
ksoast
oful
fi
llt
heHol
yScr
ipt
ures. Jesuswor
kedbypr
eachi
ng
t
hewor
dofGodandheal
i
ngmanypeopl
e. Heev
encommandedhi
sfol
l
owert
o
pr
eacht
hewor
dofGodal
l
-ov
ert
hewor
ld.

 Somepeopl
ewor
ksoast
odev
elopt
hei
rnat
uralt
alent
swhi
chev
enear
nthem al
otof
money
. Fori
nst
ancemanypeopl
e’
ski
ndofwor
kispl
ayi
ngf
oot
bal
l
.Forexampl
e
Ronal
do,
singi
ngl
i
keChr
isBr
own,
act
ingpl
ays/
comedy
.

WHATARESOMEOFTHEDANGERS/
PROBLEMSASSOCI
ATEDWI
THWORKTODAY?

 Manyempl
oyeesar
efaci
ngpoorwor
kingcondi
ti
ons.Forexampl
elat
epay
mentof
sal
ari
es/
wages/l
ongwor
kinghour
s,l
ackofgumboot
s/gl
oveswhi
char
erequi
red.

 Wor
ker
sfacest
if
fcompet
it
ionandsomet
imesr
esul
tsi
ntoact
sofwi
tchcr
aft
ism i
n
or
dert
owi
nfav
our
sorpr
omot
ions.

 Tr
ibal
i
sm/
fav
ori
ti
sm i
scommoni
nmanywor
kpl
aces. Manyempl
oyer
spr
efergi
vi
ng
j
obsespeci
all
yathi
gheradmi
nist
rat
ivel
evel
sei
thert
ocl
oser
elat
ives,f
ami
l
yfr
iends,
t
ri
bemat
eswi
thoutnecessar
il
yfol
l
owi
ngpaperr
equi
rement
s.

 Ther
eishi
ghdemandf
orhi
gherl
evel
sofeducat
ionf
oronet
oobt
ainagoodpay
ingj
ob
t
oday
. Atl
eastonehast
obewi
thadegr
eet
ogetaf
air
lypay
ingj
obasat
eacher
.

 Cor
rupt
ion and embezzl
ement of f
unds i
s a common phenomenon i
n many
gov
ernmentci
vi
lof
fi
ces. Somemi
nist
ers/
headsofdepar
tment
smi
susegov
ernment
`
moneyal
l
ocat
edt
othei
rof
fi
ceswhi
chi
smeantt
obenef
itanumberofpeopl
eint
he
count
ry.

 Wor
ker
sfaceanumberoft
axeschar
gesbyt
hegov
ernmentont
hei
rincome.For
exampl
eci
vi
lser
vant
spayt
axesi
nfor
m ofNSSF,
PAYE,
andl
ocalser
vicet
ax. Thi
sis
compul
sor
il
ychar
ged/deduct
edf
rom one’
sli
tt
lesal
ary
.

 Sexualhar
assment
sar
ecommoni
nwor
kpl
aces. I
nthi
scase,manyf
emal
ewor
ker
s
ar
eseducedbyt
hemal
ebossesi
ntosexualr
elat
ionswi
tht
hepr
omi
seofsal
ary
i
ncr
ementorpr
omot
ions. Acci
dent
all
ysomel
adi
esendupbei
ngi
mpr
egnat
edand
somet
imessuf
ferabandonment
.

 Thepoort
ranspor
tand communi
cat
ionnet
wor
ksexi
sti
ng i
n manyr
uralar
easof
Ugandaandsomeur
banpl
aceshasaf
fect
edal
otwor
ker
sinmov
ementt
oandf
rom
wor
kpl
acesandhomepl
usmanagi
ngt
ime.

 I
nsomepl
acespeopl
ewor
kunderi
nsecur
econdi
ti
onsi
nthef
ir
stpl
acet
heyl
ack
appoi
ntmentl
ett
ersandsecondl
ytheywor
kunderpol
i
tical
l
yunst
abl
ear
eas.

 Nat
uralcal
ami
ti
est
hathav
ekeptonoccur
ri
ngi
nsomepl
aceshav
eaf
fect
edpeopl
e’
s
schedul
esofwor
k.Forexampl
ethef
loodst
hathav
efr
equent
lyoccur
redi
npl
acesl
i
ke
Bududadi
str
ict
,Bundi
buj
j
o,Kasesehav
eaf
fect
edmanyf
armer
s.

 Languagebar
ri
er

 Ri
sksofacci
dent
s

 Poorgov
ernmentpol
i
cy

WHATARETHEFACTORSCONSI
DEREDFORONEWHENCHOOSI
NGACAREER/
JOB
VOCATI
ON?

Acar
eeri
sdef
inedasaj
oboneunder
takesi
nst
udy
ingt
obecomehi
sfut
uresour
ceof
empl
oyment
.

I
tisdef
inedasapr
ofessi
onwhi
chonewoul
dli
ket
opur
suef
orf
utur
eempl
oyment
.For
exampl
eteachi
ng,
bei
ngadoct
or,
lawy
er.

Av
ocat
ioni
sdef
inedasani
nnerf
eel
i
ngcal
l
ingoner
ecei
vesf
rom Godt
oser
vepeopl
e
l
i
kebei
ngapr
iest
,past
orornuns

Fact
orsconsi
der
edar
ethef
oll
owi
ng;
`
 Theneedsoft
hesoci
etycandet
ermi
neone’
schoi
ceofacar
eer
. Somepeopl
est
udy
har
dtobedoct
orsbecauset
heyhav
ereal
i
zedmanypeopl
eneedt
reat
menti
nthei
r
ar
eaandt
hedoct
orsar
efewandatl
ongerdi
stances.

 Somepeopl
eunder
takesomecar
eerbecauset
heyar
eint
hei
rper
sonali
nter
est
s. .
For exampl
e many peopl
e go i
n f
or j
our
nal
i
sm because t
hey enj
oy
r
eadi
ng/
wri
ti
ng/
li
steni
ngandpr
esent
ingnewst
oot
her
sbutot
her
sgoi
nforMDD
becauset
heyenj
oywat
chi
ngandact
ingont
hest
age.

 Peopl
ear
ecal
l
edupont
ochoosecar
eer
swhi
chf
alli
nthei
racademi
cpr
escr
ipt
ion.For
exampl
eaper
sonwhost
udi
edHEDatadv
ancedl
evelgoi
ngf
ormedi
cinewhi
chan
i
mpossi
bledr
eam.

 Peopl
eshoul
dsel
ectcar
eer
stot
akei
nli
febasi
ngont
hef
act
orsoft
her
equi
redf
or
t
rai
ningandt
hef
inanci
aldemandst
ocompl
etet
hecour
sef
ori
nst
ancei
t’
sofnouset
o
t
akeupst
udy
ingl
awwhi
cht
akesov
erf
oury
ear
sbuty
oucanonl
yaf
for
dpay
ingf
ort
wo
y
ear
s.

 Thepay
ment
sthatar
eof
fer
edf
orsomepr
ofessi
onsl
i
keaccount
ancy
,pi
l
ot,l
awy
ers
anddoct
ors.Somet
imesdet
ermi
nepeopl
e’
schoi
ceofacar
eer
. Manypeopl
est
ri
vet
o
r
eadhar
dinor
dert
oenj
oysuchpr
ofessi
onswhi
chear
nthem r
easonabl
epay
ment
s.

 Thef
utur
epr
ospect
smaybeconsi
der
edi
nchoosi
ngacar
eer
.Iti
srecommendedt
ogo
f
oracar
eerwher
eyouexpectgoodl
i
fel
i
kej
obpr
omot
ionsandl
ongst
ayatt
hewor
k
pl
ace.

 Onewoul
dconsi
dert
heci
vi
labi
l
ityoft
hej
obi
nthef
iel
doft
hecount
ry.Peopl
ear
e
al
way
sremi
ndedt
ochoosecar
eer
sorj
obst
hatar
ereadi
l
yav
ail
abl
eandwel
l-pay
ingi
n
t
hei
rcount
ry.

 Thenat
ural
tal
entofsomebodyshoul
dbeconsi
der
edi
nchoosi
ngacar
eer
.Iti
sbet
ter
f
oronet
ost
udyacour
set
hatcor
respondswi
thhi
sorheri
nnert
alent
.Forexampl
e
t
hoset
hatar
enat
ural
l
ybor
nwi
tht
het
alentofMusi
cdanceandDr
ammal
i
keHon.Kat
o
Lubwamaar
eadv
isedt
odol
i
kehi
m.

 Peopl
eshoul
dchoosecar
eer
sinwhi
cht
heyar
eawar
eoft
heobj
ect
ivesorai
msof
under
taki
ngt
hatcour
sest
udy
ingt
obeapet
rol
eum r
efi
ner
yof
fi
cialwheni
nyour
count
ryt
her
ear
enor
efi
ner
ieswhi
chcanhel
ptoboasty
ourst
udi
es.
`
 One’
srel
i
giousi
sani
mpor
tantf
act
ort
oconsi
derwhenchoosi
ngagi
venj
ob. I
t
makesnosensef
oraMosl
em t
oappl
yforaj
obasabarat
tendantoraccount
ant
becausey
ourf
ait
hdoesnotr
elat
ewi
thal
cohol
.

 Theof
fenderofsomebodyt
akesabi
gper
cent
agei
nsel
ect
ingaj
ob. I
tisnoti
nor
der
f
orawomant
otakeupaj
obasat
axdr
iveral
thoughnew day
ssomeactascon-
doct
ors.

 Thepr
evai
l
ingpol
i
ticalat
mospher
eint
hecount
rymaydet
ermi
neone’
schoi
ceofaj
ob.
I
tissai
dthatsomepeopl
ear
einf
luencedt
otakeupt
hecour
seofl
aw st
udi
esat
uni
ver
sit
iesl
i
keMaker
erebecauset
heywantt
obecomegoodj
udgeshav
ingnot
edt
hat
i
nthecount
ryt
her
ear
emanycor
ruptj
udges.

 Choosi
ngacar
eershoul
ddependonani
ndi
vi
dual
’
sheal
thst
atus. Peopl
ewhohav
e
deadl
ydi
scov
ersdi
seasel
i
kehi
ghbl
oodpr
essur
e,si
ckcel
l
s,anemi
a,ast
hmashoul
d
av
oidt
aki
ngupheav
ydut
yjobsofl
i
fti
ngandal
sowor
kingunderdust
yenv
ironment
.

 Thegeogr
aphi
call
ocat
ionoft
hej
obshoul
dal
sobeputi
ntoconsi
der
ati
on.Oneshoul
d
l
ookatt
hedi
stancef
rom homet
othewor
kingpl
ace,expendi
tur
eandr
isksi
nvol
ved
andt
henbal
ancei
twi
tht
hesal
aryear
nedandf
ami
l
yobl
i
gat
ions.

 Thegov
ernmentpol
i
cyal
sodet
ermi
nesal
otf
orone’
schoi
ceofcar
eer
.Incount
ri
es
l
i
keUgandamanyst
udent
shav
eopt
edf
orsci
encecombi
nat
ions(
cour
ses)because
t
hegov
ernmenti
spr
omi
singal
way
stosponsort
hem atuni
ver
sit
iesmor
ethant
hear
ts
cour
ses.

THEATTI
TUDEOFTHEYOUTHSTOWARDSWORKTODAY

Howdot
hey
out
hsr
eactt
owar
dswor
kint
hepr
esentsi
tuat
ion?

 Ther
eisi
ncr
easi
ng demand oft
he y
out
hst
owar
dsl
ooki
ng f
orwhi
te col
l
arj
obs
basi
cal
l
ytheeducat
ed.Theypr
efersi
tt
ingi
nof
fi
cesi
nst
eadofdoi
ngmanualwor
k
whi
cht
heyl
ookatasuncl
eanandunf
itf
ort
hem.

 Theyhav
est
rongdesi
resf
orhi
ghsal
ari
esi
nthej
obst
heydot
oday
.Thi
siswhymany
ar
efai
l
ingt
ogetempl
oyed. Theypr
eferwor
kinf
ri
endl
yenv
ironmentwi
thsof
tmusi
c,
cl
eanandgoodbr
eakf
astpl
usl
unchandai
rcondi
ti
oner
s.

 Theypr
eferhol
dinghi
ghposi
ti
onsi
ntheof
fi
ces. Theydr
eam ofbei
ngbosseswher
e
t
heysi
mpl
ygi
vecommandsandar
erespect
ed.
`
 Hav
ing a good j
ob i
s consi
der
ed a measur
abl
e success among t
he y
out
hs.For
exampl
ebei
ngadoct
or,
lawy
erorapi
l
ot.

 Somey
out
hsar
egener
all
ylazy
. Theyt
her
efor
ewantt
ohav
eahi
ghst
andar
dofl
i
ving
butwi
thoutdoi
nganywor
k.

 Mosty
out
hspr
eferj
obsgi
vi
ngenoughl
eisur
eti
mewher
etheywi
l
lhav
eenough
enj
oymentaf
teragi
vent
ask. Thi
siswhymanyy
out
hst
akeupl
owpay
ingj
obswhi
ch
gi
vet
hem mor
eti
mef
orl
eisur
ethant
aki
nguphi
ghl
ypay
ingj
obswhi
char
emor
est
ri
ct.

 Theat
ti
tudeoft
hey
out
hst
odayi
sthatt
heyar
emor
eint
erest
edi
njobsl
ocat
edi
n
ur
banar
eas. Thi
sisbecauseoft
hegoodser
vicesf
oundi
nur
bancent
resl
i
kegood
r
oads,
cheapt
ranspor
t,bet
terhel
pandeducat
ionf
aci
l
iti
es.

 Mosty
out
hsi
nUgandat
odaywor
kwi
tht
hei
ntent
ionofobt
aini
ngl
uxur
iesf
orl
i
fel
i
ke
smar
tphones,
car
s,TVs,
radi
osandmanyot
her
s

 Ver
yfew y
out
hst
odayt
hinkofwor
kingt
ogetmoneyf
oral
i
vingandt
hesur
plusi
f
i
nvest
ed. I
nst
eadofi
nvest
ingt
hesur
plus,t
heyusei
tforl
eisur
eli
kedr
inki
ngal
cohol
,
cl
ubbi
ngandmanyot
her
s

 Somey
out
hspr
eferpopul
arj
obswhi
chear
nthem pr
est
igei
nsoci
etysuchasbei
nga
l
awy
er,
account
ant
,jour
nal
i
standpi
l
otot
hert
hanbei
ngf
armer
sorcar
pent
ers.

 Someoft
hem al
way
swantt
ogetj
obswhi
chwi
l
lmaket
hem r
ichi
ntheshor
testt
ime
possi
ble.Forexampl
emanyy
out
hswantt
obebanker
s,account
ant
sbecauset
hey
wantt
obenearmoney
.
`
WHYSOMEPEOPLECHOOSECAREERSWHI
CHPAYTHEM LOW WAGES

Qn.“
Aftercomplet
ionofuniv
ersi
ty,Johnwasoffer
edtwojobs,
onepayi
ng500,
000/=
andtheotherpayi
ng300,000/=. Hedeci dedtotakeasecondopti
onofthejob”
.
Whydoy outhi
nkJohndecidedtotakethesecondopti
on?
 John woul
d hav e been i
nterested inthatj
ob because i
toffer
ed hi
m spir
it
ual
devel
opment.Thatist osay,promotionofhisrel
i
gionthantaki
nguptheotherjob
whichwoul
dhav ebeenagainsthisrel
igi
on.
 Somepeopl
eli
keJohnoptf
orl
ow pay
ingj
obst
hanhi
ghl
ypay
ingj
obsbecausesuch
j
obshel
ptodev
elopt
hei
rtal
ent
. Fori
nst
anceJohnwoul
dhav
ebeenagospelsi
nger
l
i
kePast
orBugembeandf
oundj
oyi
ntheot
herj
obwher
ehecoul
dpl
ayhi
smusi
c.

 Johnmi
ghthav
elef
tthehi
ghl
ypay
ingj
obbecausei
thadgr
eatst
ri
ngsat
tachedt
oit
l
i
ke t
ime managementand anysl
i
ghtdamage ofpr
oper
tywhi
ch can make t
he
empl
oyeepayf
ori
t.

 Manypeopl
eli
keJohnwor
kwi
tht
hei
ntent
ionofof
fer
ingassi
stance.Thati
stosay
,
t
hey wor
k as v
olunt
eer
sin no gov
ernmentor
gani
zat
ions deal
i
ng wi
thr
efugees.
Ther
efor
eJohnwoul
dhav
ebeenmor
eint
erest
edi
nhel
pingr
efugeest
hanl
ooki
ngat
t
hemoneyi
ssues.

 Johncoul
dhav
etakenupt
hej
obpay
inghi
m 300,
000/
=andl
eftt
hatof500,
000/
=
becauseoft
hedi
stancef
rom hi
shomet
othewor
kpl
acewhi
chwoul
dhav
ebeenmor
e
cost
lyi
fhet
ookupt
hef
ir
stj
ob.

 Thesecur
it
yof
fer
edatt
hewor
kpl
ace. I
naddi
ti
ont
othesecur
it
yont
hewaymi
ght
al
sohav
etempt
edJohnt
ogoi
nfort
hej
obpay
ing300,
000/
=andl
eftt
hatof500,
000/
=

 Somepeopl
eli
keJohnmaywor
kforl
ow wagesbecauset
hei
remphasi
sisont
he
f
utur
epr
ospect
us.Forexampl
epr
omot
ions,
fut
uret
rai
ningandbi
gmoney
.

 Thei
ntent
ionofJohnt
aki
ngupt
hel
owpay
ingj
obwoul
dhav
ebeent
ogetmor
esoci
al
i
nter
act
ions.Forexampl
e peopl
e wor
king as per
sonalassi
stant
stot
he cabi
net
mi
nist
ersordr
iver
sear
nlessmoneybutf
eelsocomf
ort
abl
ebecauset
heyr
eachmany
pl
acesf
reeofchar
ge.

 Somepeopl
eli
keJohn,t
akeupl
esspay
ingj
obsmaybebecausesuchj
obsgi
vet
hem
mor
efr
eet
imet
oenj
oywi
tht
hei
rfami
l
ymember
sthant
aki
ngupahi
ghl
ypay
ingj
obof
500,
000/
=whi
chcankeepy
ousobusyandov
er15hour
saday
.
`
 Johnmi
ghthav
ebeenmor
eint
erest
edi
nfameandr
ecogni
ti
onandassuchdi
dnot
mi
ndaboutpi
cki
nganexpensi
vel
ypay
ingj
ob.Forexampl
eradi
opr
esent
er,Tel
evi
sion
pr
ogr
amme pr
esent
ermi
ghtbe pai
dli
tt
le money butf
eelhappy when on ai
r
br
oadcast
ing.

 Johnwoul
dhav
etakenupt
hatj
obaf
ternot
ici
ngt
hati
twaswel
lpay
ingt
hant
heot
her
j
obwher
ehugesumsofmoneyar
epr
omi
sedi
nter
msofsal
arybutempl
oyeesar
e
al
way
scr
yingofl
atepay
ment
.

 John coul
d hav
etaken up t
he j
ob wi
tht
he i
nter
estofbr
ingi
ng aboutsoci
al
dev
elopment.Thati
stosay
,hemi
ghthav
ebeenmor
eint
erest
edi
nupl
i
fti
ngt
he
wel
far
eoft
heor
dinar
ypeopl
eli
keor
phanst
hant
hinki
ngofmoneymai
nly
.

EMPLOYERSANDEMPLOYEES

Anempl
oyeri
saper
sonoraf
ir
m,ani
nst
it
uti
ont
hatgener
atesj
oboppor
tuni
ti
es. I
n
ot
herwor
ds,he/
sheof
fer
sjobst
olabour
ersy
etanempl
oyeei
sawor
kerwhoi
s
mobi
l
izedbyt
hei
nvest
ort
ocont
ri
but
etot
hel
abourser
vicei
nthepr
oduct
ionpr
ocess
oft
hebusi
nessf
orexampl
eat
eacheri
nschool
.

THERI
GHTSOFEMPLOYERS/I
NVESTORS

Ri
ght
sar
eent
it
lement
sthatabusi
nessowneri
sfr
eet
odemandf
rom t
heempl
oyees.

 Anempl
oyerhasar
ightt
ohi
reandf
ir
e(di
smi
ss)anyempl
oyeewhomi
ghtnotbe
wor
kingt
ohi
sexpect
ati
ons.Forexampl
einSept2014,Pr
esi
dentYower
iMusev
eni
di
smi
ssedaf
ormerpr
imemi
nist
erofUgandaAmamaMbabaziwhowasnotwor
king
t
ohi
sexpect
ati
ons.

 Anempl
oyeri
sent
it
ledt
ofai
rshar
ingofpr
ofi
tsar
isi
ngoutofhi
sorherbusi
ness. For
i
nst
ance,
Kat
umat
heownerofKat
umwaspor
tsCent
rei
nKampal
ahasar
ightt
oenj
oy
r
easonabl
epr
ofi
tsf
rom t
hesal
eofv
ari
ousspor
tsequi
pment
sli
kef
oot
bal
l
s,net
bal
l
s,
whi
stl
esandot
her
sinhi
scompanymor
ethanot
her
s.

 Anempl
oyerhasar
ightt
oexpectt
otaldedi
cat
ion/
loy
alt
yandco-
oper
ati
onf
rom al
lthe
empl
oyees.Forexampl
efr
om l
eadi
ngpr
ivat
eschool
sli
keSai
ntMar
y’sS.
SKi
tende,
the
pr
opr
iet
orLawr
enceMul
i
ndwaex
pect
sloy
alt
yfr
om al
lhi
swor
ker
sandanydodgi
ng
t
eachercoul
dleadt
odi
smi
ssal
.

 Empl
oyer
shav
ear
ightt
ofor
m anddef
ormt
oassoci
ati
onst
hatcat
erf
ort
hei
rint
erest
s.
`
Fori
nst
ancet
hemanuf
act
urer
sassoci
ati
oni
nUgandapr
omot
esqual
i
typr
oduct
ion
andl
ookf
ormar
ketf
ort
hei
rpr
oduct
s.Thi
siswhyi
nUgandaev
eryy
earatLugogo
gr
oundst
her
eisat
radef
arei
nthemont
hofOct
ober
.

 Empl
oyer
sexpectf
airamountowor
kfr
om t
heempl
oyeest
obepai
daf
airmont
hly
sal
ary
.Forexampl
etheempl
oyeesofKaki
rasugarwor
ksexpectt
hei
rempl
oyeest
o
cutenoughsugar
caneonadai
l
ybasi
swhi
chcansuf
fi
cient
lyr
unt
hewheel
sforatl
east
324hour
s.

 Empl
oyer
shav
ear
ightt
oexpectf
airandconsi
der
abl
etaxat
ionf
rom t
hegov
ernment
.
Fori
nst
ancet
heowner
sofpr
ivat
eschool
sli
keKWHSal
way
sdemandt
hegov
ernment
t
oreduceont
het
axeschar
gedont
hei
rpr
ivat
eschool
s.

 Empl
oyer
shav
ear
ightt
oexpectpr
otect
ionf
rom unj
ustpr
essur
efr
om t
het
radeuni
on.
Fori
nst
ancei
nUganda,t
hedoct
orsandt
eacher
shav
efr
equent
lyst
ri
kedt
hrought
hei
r
t
radeuni
onst
odemandf
orf
airsal
ari
esbutsomet
imest
hegov
ernmentdoesnot
pr
otectt
hem.

 Theempl
oyer
shav
ear
ightt
orel
ocat
ebusi
nessi
ncaser
esear
chshow t
hatt
her
e
woul
dtr
oubl
esi
ntheor
igi
nal
land/
locat
ionf
orexampl
eCi
vi
lwarorl
andsl
i
de.

 Anempl
oyer
shasar
ightt
oconductbusi
nessi
nanywaywi
thouti
nter
fer
encef
rom t
he
gov
ernmentbutt
hisbusi
nessshoul
dbel
egal
notl
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
on,
ordr
ugt
raf
fi
cki
ng.

 Theempl
oyer
shav
ether
ightt
opr
otectt
hegov
ernmentf
rom unf
aircompet
it
ion.For
i
nst
ancet
hegov
ernmentt
hrought
hemi
nist
ryofeducat
ion,
spor
tsandt
echnol
ogyhas
t
osuper
viset
heact
ivi
ti
esoft
heschool
stocheckont
hei
rmai
nobj
ect
ives.

 I
t’
sther
ightt
heempl
oyert
oincr
easeordecr
easeont
hewageorsal
aryaccor
dingt
o
t
het
ermsandcondi
ti
onsofser
vice. I
nmanypr
ivat
efi
rms,empl
oyer
stendt
ocutof
f
t
hesal
aryoft
hel
abour
erswhoabsentt
hemsel
vesf
rom t
hedut
ywi
thoutnot
if
icat
ionof
t
heaut
hor
it
y.

 Anempl
oyerhasr
ightt
opr
omot
eordemot
eanyofhi
sempl
oyeesdependi
ngonhar
d
wor
korl
azi
nessr
espect
ivel
y. Fori
nst
ancet
hecompanyonENHAS(
Ent
ebbeCar
go)
.
When awor
kerput
sin mor
eef
for
t,hei
sgi
venpr
omot
iont
other
ankofcar
go
super
visor
.

 Theempl
oyerhasar
ightt
ounder
takest
ruct
uralchangesandi
nnov
ati
onsonhi
s
`
product
ion. Fori
nst
anceAi
rtelUgandahasgoneonchangi
ngthedesi
gnofi
tsai
rt
ime
cardsanditalsooff
ersbonuscallstothecustomer
sdependingontheamountof
ai
rtimel
oaded.

THEDUTI
ESOFEMPLOYERS
 Theemploy
erhasadutytopaythesal
aryofwor
ker
sint
imeatt
heendoft
heagr
eed
worki
ngper
iodl
ikeaweek,
dayormonth.
 Theempl
oyerhast
hedut
ytopr
ovi
degoodt
ermsandcondi
ti
onsofgoodser
vicet
othe
wor
ker
s.Thi
smayi
nvol
vepr
operf
eedi
ngandheal
thcar
e.

 I
tist
hedut
yoft
heempl
oyert
oconductt
hebusi
nessef
fect
ivel
yandef
fi
cient
ly. For
i
nst
anceaper
sonst
art
ingupaf
act
oryi
nanar
eashoul
dmakesur
ethathe/
shedoes
nott
emperwi
tht
heenv
ironmentl
i
kecl
ear
ingswampsorcut
ti
ngaf
orest
.

 Theempl
oyerhasadut
ytopr
omot
ethewel
far
eoft
heempl
oyeesandt
hei
rfami
l
iesso
ast
oenj
oygoodst
andar
dofl
i
ving. I
nmanynon-gov
ernmentor
gani
zat
ions,t
hey
pr
ovi
dewor
ker
swi
tht
ranspor
t,heal
thcar
eandaccommodat
ion. Thi
sgi
veswor
ker
s
amot
ivat
ioni
ndoi
ngt
hei
rwor
k.

 I
nor
dert
oimpr
oveper
for
mance,t
heempl
oyer
shav
eadut
ytoof
fert
hel
abour
ersi
n
ser
vicet
rai
ningsoast
ocopeupwi
thchangesi
nthei
rfi
eldsl
i
kecomput
ert
echnol
ogy
.

 Empl
oyer
shav
eanobl
i
gat
iont
oal
l
owt
hei
rempl
oyeest
obel
ongt
oagi
vent
radeuni
on.
Fori
nst
anceci
vi
lser
vant
sar
eobl
i
gedt
obel
ongt
othenat
ionalsoci
alsecur
it
yfunds
wher
e5%oft
hei
rsal
aryi
scutof
fbyt
heempl
oyerandsentt
oNSSF.

 Theempl
oyerhast
hedut
yofr
e-est
abl
i
shi
ngf
ri
endl
yrel
ati
onshi
pwi
tht
heempl
oyees
f
ort
hewel
l-bei
ngoft
hebusi
ness.I
fthi
sisdone,
resul
tst
endt
obegoodandst
ri
kesof
wor
ker
sar
emi
nimi
zed.

 I
tist
hedut
yoft
heempl
oyert
oal
ertt
heempl
oyeesaboutt
heexi
sti
ngal
ter
nat
ivej
obs
i
nhi
scompany
. I
fnot
,theempl
oyershoul
dfeelf
reet
oal
l
ow t
heempl
oyeewho
wi
shest
oleav
ethecompanyf
orgr
eenerpast
ureel
sewher
e.

 Agoodempl
oyerhasadut
yoi
nvol
vet
heempl
oyeesatal
llev
elsi
nthemanagement
busi
nesssot
hatt
heyf
eelt
hef
arm bel
ongst
othem t
oo. Fori
nst
anceempl
oyeei
n
Ugandacl
aysbuyshar
esf
rom t
hecompanyi
ftheywant
.
`

THERI
GHTSANDDUTI
ESOFEMPLOYEES

 Awor
kerhasar
ightt
oexpectapensi
onort
ermi
nalbenef
itwhenhei
stoppedf
rom
wor
kbyt
heempl
oyer
.

 Anempl
oyeehasar
ightt
oexpectgoodwor
kingcondi
ti
ons.Thati
stosay
,wor
ker
sin
f
act
ori
esl
i
kest
eelr
oll
i
ngmi
l
lsi
nJi
njahav
ear
ightt
odemandf
ornosemaskst
o
pr
otectt
hem f
rom dust
.

 Wor
ker
shav
eaf
undament
alr
ightt
ofor
m orbel
ongt
oagi
vent
radeuni
onwhi
chcan
adv
ocat
efort
hei
rwel
far
e.Forexampl
eteacher
s hav
e UNATU (
Uganda Nat
ional
Teacher
s’Uni
on)anddoct
orshav
eUgandaMedi
cal
Associ
ati
on(
UMA)
.

 Anempl
oyeehasar
ightt
opr
otect
ionf
rom unf
airdi
smi
ssalbyempl
oyer
s. Thi
s
meanst
heempl
oyeehast
odemandf
orcont
ractsi
gnedbegi
nni
ngwor
k.

 Awor
kerhasar
ightt
odemandf
orf
ri
dgebenef
it
sincaset
heywer
eout
li
nedi
nhi
s/her
cont
actsi
gned. Fori
nst
ancet
hechi
efj
ust
iceofUgandahasar
ightt
odemandf
ora
decenthouse,body guar
ds,speci
alv
ehi
cles and medi
calcar
e of
fer
ed by t
he
gov
ernment
.

 Wor
ker
shav
ear
ightt
obeexempt
edf
rom cont
inuouswor
kforatl
east30day
say
ear
i
nfor
m ofannual
leav
eandmostst
il
lbepai
dforbyt
hecompany
.

 Awor
kerhasar
ightt
oexpectpay
mentt
otheendoft
hewor
kingper
iodl
i
keday
,week,
mont
hdependi
ngont
heagr
eementwi
tht
heempl
oyer
.Forexampl
eci
vi
lser
vant
sin
Ugandausual
l
yexpectt
hei
rsal
aryby28thev
erymont
h.

 Af
emal
eempl
oyeehasar
ightt
odemandf
ormat
erni
tyl
eav
eforatl
eastamont
hunt
il
sher
ecov
ersaf
terdel
i
ver
y.

 Thewor
ker
shav
ear
ightt
oexpectf
airt
reat
mentwi
thi
mpar
ti
ali
tyandoneshoul
dnot
bedi
scr
imi
nat
edagai
nstbasi
ngongender
,rel
i
gionandt
ri
beassomeempl
oyer
sdo.
`
 I
ncaset
hewor
kerf
ail
stor
eachpeacef
ulset
tl
ementwi
tht
heempl
oyerconcer
ning
sal
aryi
ncr
ementorunf
airdi
smi
ssal
,theempl
oyeehasar
ightf
orj
ust
icei
ncour
tsof
l
aw.

 Thewor
kerhasar
ightt
oexpectaf
airshar
eofpr
ofi
tacqui
redf
rom t
hecompany
t
hroughi
ncr
easi
nghi
sorhersal
aryandot
heral
l
owances.

 Awor
kerhasar
ightt
ohav
ehi
s/herdi
gni
tyr
espect
edandbet
reat
edf
air
lyi
nor
dert
o
hav
ebet
terper
for
mance. I
nUgandamanyAsi
anbusi
nessowner
sdenywor
ker
sthei
r
r
ight
sbyabusi
ngandbeat
ingt
hem i
fpossi
ble.

DUTI
ES

 Theempl
oyeeshav
eadut
ytowor
khar
dandpr
oducet
heki
dofout
putagr
eeduponi
n
t
hecont
ract
. Fori
nst
ancet
hesal
esagentofv
ari
ouscommuni
cat
ionnet
wor
ksl
i
ke
Ai
rt
el,
Vodaf
onehav
eadut
yoff
indi
ngbuy
ersorcust
omer
sfort
hecompany
.

 Thewor
kerhasadut
yofshowi
ngt
otalcommi
tmentandl
oyal
tyt
otheempl
oyerand
t
hepr
oduct
stheysel
l
. Fori
nst
anceamar
ket
erofMTNcannotbef
oundpr
omot
ingat
t
hesamet
imeAi
rt
elpr
oduct
s.

 I
tist
hedut
yoft
heempl
oyeet
opr
oper
lyl
ookaf
tert
heasset
soft
heempl
oyer
sthatar
e
putunderhi
scont
rol
. Fori
nst
ancet
hedr
iveroft
heschoolv
anhast
omakesur
ethat
i
tisi
ngoodcondi
ti
onsorel
semayl
oset
hej
ob.

 Theempl
oyeehasadut
ytoensur
ethatheorshest
aysi
nagoodwor
kingr
elat
ionshi
p
wi
thhi
sbossandf
ell
owwor
ker
s. Thi
shecandobyav
oidi
ngact
sli
kedr
unkar
dness,
adul
ter
y,t
hef
t.

 Theempl
oyeei
sexpect
edasmuchaspossi
blet
oav
oidf
rom engagi
ngi
nindust
ri
al
act
ions(
str
ikes)unt
ilal
lpeacef
ulmeanshav
efai
l
edt
henhecanbeexcused.

 Theempl
oyeei
sexpect
edasmuchaspossi
blet
orespondt
othecommands/
request
s
oft
hebosswhenev
ercal
l
edupont
ohel
phi
mimpr
ovet
heeconomi
cst
atusoft
he
count
ry.

 Al
abour
ershasadut
yofsubt
ract
ingpar
tofhi
s/hersal
ary
.Thati
stosay
,5%mont
hly
andbeadded10%ofhi
sempl
oyert
omake15%andt
henbekepti
nNSSFf
orhi
s/her
f
utur
euse.
`
 The wor
kerhasa dut
yto upgr
ade hi
s/herknowl
edge and ski
l
lsso t
hathe/
she
becomesmor
epr
oduct
ivet
othecompanyandt
hesoci
etyatl
arge.

 I
t’
sthedut
yoft
heempl
oyeet
oacceptanewassi
gnmentt
hatmaybegi
vent
ohi
m or
herbyt
heempl
oyer
. Thi
smayi
nvol
vebecomi
ngahear
dofdepar
tmentdi
rect
orof
st
udi
esi
ncaseofschool
.

CAUSESOFCONFLI
CTSBETWEENEMPLOYERSANDEMPLOYEES

 Someempl
oyer
sdev
elopt
oughpol
i
cieswhi
chdonotf
avourt
hef
reedom ofwor
ker
s.
Fori
nst
ancei
nsomepr
ivat
eschool
sawor
kerwhocomesaf
ter8:
00am i
snotpai
d
t
ranspor
tal
l
owance.

 Conf
li
ctsmayar
iseduet
odel
ayedpay
ment
.Inmostsi
tuat
ions,
labour
ersmayst
ri
ke
becauset
hei
rempl
oyer
stakel
ongt
opayt
hem andmakenocommuni
cat
iont
ogi
ve
t
hem cour
age/
pat
ience.

 Lowpay
ment
sar
eyetanot
hercauseofconf
li
ctsbet
weenempl
oyer
sandempl
oyees.
Fori
nst
ancei
nmanypr
ivat
eschool
steacherar
eputonhar
dwor
k(bi
gload)t
ocov
er
t
hent
hosei
ngov
ernmentschool
sbutwheni
tcomest
opay
ment
,mostoft
hei
rsal
ari
es
ar
enotev
enhal
foft
hegov
ernmentpai
dteacher
s.

 Somet
imesconf
li
ctsar
isef
rom mal
ebossest
ryi
ngt
ocompelt
hei
rfemal
eempl
oyees
t
ohav
esexual
rel
ati
veswi
tht
hem whi
chi
sagai
nstt
hei
rwi
l
l.

 Fav
our
it
ism atwor
kpl
acessomet
imescausesmi
sunder
standi
ngbet
weenempl
oyer
s
andempl
oyeesi
nsomebusi
nessesl
i
ket
hosemanagedbyI
ndi
ans,mostoft
het
op
admi
nist
rat
iveandsuper
visi
onar
yrol
esar
emanagedbyf
ell
ow I
ndi
ans. Thi
smay
causet
heUgandansonl
ongert
ermswi
thI
ndi
answhodi
scr
imi
nat
ethem i
nleader
shi
p.

 Thepoorwor
kingcondi
ti
onsal
socauseconf
li
ctsbet
weenempl
oyer
sandempl
oyees.
I
nmanycompani
esl
i
kesugarf
act
ori
es,gr
ainmi
l
li
ngf
act
ori
es,t
hewor
ker
sar
enot
pr
ovi
ded wi
th necessi
ti
esl
i
kegl
oves,r
ain coat
s,nosemasksand ev
en i
n some
hospi
tal
sdoct
orsdonotgetenoughgl
ovesi
ntr
eat
mentoft
hesi
ck.

 Act
sofdi
shonestandt
hef
tmaycauseconf
li
ctsbet
weeni
nvest
orsandl
abour
ers. I
n
somecasesempl
oyeesmi
suseorsel
lthecompanypr
oper
tyl
i
kecart
yres,pet
roland
whent
hebossesgett
oknowabouti
t,t
hel
abour
eri
sfi
red.

 Dr
unkar
dness has of
ten caused conf
li
cts bet
ween empl
oyer
s and wor
ker
s.No
`
empl
oyerwoul
dwi
sht
ohav
eawor
kerwhoi
sconst
ant
lydr
unkar
dbecauset
hiscoul
d
af
fecthi
swor
kingpaceandef
fi
ciency
. Thi
siswhyt
hepol
i
ceof
fi
cerGener
alKay
ihur
a
al
way
swar
nst
hepol
i
cement
ocont
roldr
unkar
dnessespeci
all
ywhent
heyar
eondut
y
becausei
tcanl
eadt
odi
smi
ssal
.

 Somet
imes conf
li
cts ar
ise f
rom t
he empl
oyer
s assi
gni
ng t
oo much wor
ktot
he
empl
oyeest
hatt
heycannotaccompl
i
shi
ntheduet
ime. Thi
siscommonl
yfoundi
n
const
ruct
ioncompani
esl
i
keRokowher
ewor
ker
ssomet
imesst
ri
kebecauseofbei
ng
gi
vent
oomuchwor
ktodoi
naday
.

 Someempl
oyer
sar
ecr
uel
/ar
rogantt
owar
dst
heempl
oyeeswhi
chr
esul
tsi
ntoquar
rel
s.
Theykeeponbl
ami
ngt
hewor
ker
sev
enonmi
normi
stakesanddeductt
hei
rsal
ari
esat
t
hei
rownwi
l
l.

 Some empl
oyer
s hav
e l
i
ttl
e car
e t
o t
he empl
oyees whi
ch al
so causes
mi
sunder
standi
ngs. Fori
nst
ancei
tissai
dthathowev
ermuchMeht
afami
l
yowner
s
ofSCOULsugarf
act
ori
esmakeal
otofpr
ofi
ts,t
hewor
kingcondi
ti
onsofempl
oyees
ar
egener
all
ypoorsot
hismakeswor
ker
sal
way
scompl
aini
ng.

 Lat
ecomi
ngondut
ywhi
chi
sbr
eaki
ngpar
toft
heagr
eementwi
tht
heempl
oyeri
s
anot
hermaj
orcauseofconf
li
ctsbet
weenempl
oyer
sandwor
ker
s. Fori
nst
ancei
fyou
ar
ear
adi
oorTVpr
esent
er,
youar
eal
way
sexpect
edt
oreacht
hest
ati
onsomemi
nut
es
bef
oret
hepr
ogr
ammet
omakepr
epar
ati
ons.

 Ther
e ar
e pr
obl
ems whi
ch cause conf
li
cts bet
ween ent
repr
eneur
s and l
abour
ers
comi
ngf
rom t
radeuni
ons. Fori
nst
ancei
nUgandasomeheadt
eacher
sconf
li
ctwi
th
t
hei
rteacher
swhodeci
det
ojoi
nUNATUi
nst
ri
ki
ngwel
last
heheadt
eacherwoul
dli
ke
t
heschool
toopen.

 Ther
ear
ecasesofconf
li
ctst
hatar
isef
rom car
elessnessandi
ncompet
enceoft
he
wor
ker
swhi
chmayr
esul
tint
olossesoft
hecompany
. I
fapubl
i
crel
ati
onsof
fi
ceri
n
MTN f
ail
sto adv
ert
isewel
lthecompany
’spr
oduct
sto getmor
ecust
omer
s,t
he
managermi
ghtdemot
eordi
smi
sshi
m hencecausi
ngmor
emi
sunder
standi
ngs.

 Somet
imesdi
stancescr
eat
edbet
weent
hebossandt
hewor
ker
scausesconf
li
cts.
Thewor
ker
smi
ghtbecomesuspi
ciousoft
hei
rbossbecausehe/
shet
akesl
ongt
otal
k
t
othem howev
ermuchhemi
ghtbeenj
oyi
nggoodl
i
fel
i
kedr
ivi
ngposhcar
.
`
HOW CANCONFLI
CTSBETWEENEMPLOYERSANDEMPLOYEESBEREDUCED?

 Gr
antempl
oyeest
hei
rri
ght
sli
kemat
erni
tyl
eav
e.

 Payt
heempl
oyees’
sal
ari
esont
ime.

 Or
gani
zemeet
ingswi
tht
hei
rwor
ker
stosol
vei
nter
nal
probl
emsbef
orest
ri
keshappen.

 I
mpr
oveont
hewel
far
eoft
hewor
ker
sli
kegi
vi
ngt
hem somet
imet
orestandgood
f
eedi
ng.

 Al
way
sappr
eci
atet
hegoodwor
kdonebyt
hei
rwor
ker
sli
kegi
vi
ngt
hem par
ti
es.

 Al
way
sadv
iset
hei
rwor
ker
sbutnott
obet
her
eforbl
ami
ng.

 Shoul
dsuper
viset
hei
rwor
ker
sinor
dert
opr
oducequal
i
tywor
kandav
oidcar
elessness.

 Empl
oyeesshoul
dmakedai
l
yat
tendanceatt
hewor
kpl
acei
nti
me.

 Empl
oyeesshoul
dav
oiddr
unkar
dnessatwor
kpl
acebecausei
tmi
ghtl
eadt
olossof
t
hei
rjobs.

UNEMPLOYMENT

Unempl
oymentmaybedef
inedasi
nabi
l
ityofaper
sonwi
l
li
ngt
owor
katapr
evai
l
ing
wage/
sal
aryr
atet
oobt
ainaj
ob. I
not
herwor
dsunempl
oymenti
sasi
tuat
ionwher
e
onei
swi
l
li
ngt
owor
katt
hepr
evai
l
ingwageorsal
arybutj
obsar
escar
ce.

TYPESOFUNEMPLOYMENT

1.Vol
unt
aryunempl
oyment
;It
’sat
ypeofunempl
oymenti
nwhi
chani
ndi
vi
duali
sjobl
ess
butdecl
i
nest
opi
ckanempl
oymentatt
hepr
evai
l
ingwager
ate.

2.Openunempl
oyment
;It
’sacommonf
orm ofunempl
oymenti
nur
banar
easi
nwhi
ch
i
ndi
vi
dual
sar
eunabl
etof
indwor
katt
heongoi
ngwager
ate.

3.Di
sgui
sedunempl
oyment
;It
’saf
orm ofunempl
oymenti
nwhi
chi
ndi
vi
dual
sappeart
o
bewor
kingy
ett
heydon’
tcont
ri
but
etoasi
gni
fi
canti
ncr
easei
nout
-put
. Onecanev
en
bel
aidof
fbutdoesn’
taf
fectorl
eadt
odecl
i
nei
nout
put
.

4.Season unempl
oyment
;It
’sa f
orm ofunempl
oymentr
esul
ti
ng f
rom achangei
n
seasonorbusi
nesscy
cle. Forexampl
esel
l
ersofsuccesscar
dsorX-
masscar
dsar
eempl
oyedseasonal
l
y.

5.Resi
dueunempl
oyment
;It
’sat
ypeofunempl
oymentr
esul
ti
ng f
rom phy
sicaland
`
ment
ali
ncapaci
tat
ionhencei
nabi
l
ityofsomeonet
odomeani
ngf
ulwor
katt
heon-
goi
ngwager
ate.

6.Fr
ict
ionalunempl
oyment
/tr
ansi
ti
onal
;It
’st
het
ypeofunempl
oymentwher
ewor
ker
sin
apar
ti
cul
aroccupat
ionordepar
tmentar
ebei
ngl
aidof
fandar
eredundanty
eti
n
anot
herar
eaori
not
herdepar
tment
sjobsar
eav
ail
abl
ethatt
heycandobutwer
enot
awar
eoft
hem.

7.Casualunempl
oyment
;It
’st
het
ypeounempl
oymentr
esul
ti
ngf
rom t
henat
ureof
empl
oyment
.Inot
herwor
dsi
tisunempl
oymentcausedbycasuall
abour
ers.Thati
s
t
osay
,wor
kmi
ghtbeav
ail
abl
efort
hem i
nal
i
mit
edper
iodoft
ime.

8.Technol
ogi
calunempl
oyment
;It
’st
he f
orm ofunempl
oymentr
esul
ti
ng f
rom a
f
undament
alchangei
nthepr
oduct
iont
echni
que.Thati
stosay
,somepeopl
eloose
t
hei
rjobsbecauset
heyar
etakenupbymachi
nesl
i
kecomput
ers,t
ract
orsandmany
ot
her
s

9.St
ruct
uralunempl
oyment
;It
’saki
ndofunempl
oymentr
esul
ti
ngf
rom occupat
ional
and
geogr
aphi
call
abourasar
esul
toft
hechangei
nthest
ruct
ureoft
heeconomyor
i
ndust
ry.Forexampl
eachangei
n demand ofapr
oductmayl
ead t
o changei
n
pr
oduct
ioncausi
ngunempl
oymentt
osomepeopl
eespeci
all
yifdemandi
slow.

10.
Classi
calunempl
oyment
;It
’sar
esul
tofa f
alli
n aggr
egat
e demand f
ora key
commodi
tycausi
ngpar
toft
hel
abourf
orcet
obel
aidof
f.

CAUSESOFUNEMPLOYMENT

 Rur
alur
banmi
grat
ion. Manypeopl
ebel
i
evet
hatt
her
ear
emor
epay
ingj
obsi
ntowns
andt
heyt
endt
ocomei
nbi
gnumber
stost
ayi
ntown. Fori
nst
anceaf
tercompl
eti
ng
t
rai
ningasl
awy
ersort
eacher
smanypeopl
ewoul
drat
herhangar
oundi
ntowndoi
ng
not
hingi
nst
eadofgoi
ngbackt
ovi
l
lages;
thusl
eadi
ngt
ounempl
oyment
.

 Thehi
ghconcent
rat
ionofsoci
alameni
ti
esi
nur
bancent
reshasal
sor
esul
tedi
ntoopen
unempl
oyment
. Manyy
ounggi
rl
sandboy
smov
etoKampal
ari
ghtf
rom v
il
lages
hopi
ngt
oenj
oyt
hesoci
alameni
ti
esl
i
keSi
l
k,Ambul
ancedi
scot
heques,beachesl
i
ke
Li
do,I
mper
ialr
esor
tand Spi
nnerbeach and ot
her
s butt
hey end up r
emai
ning
unempl
oyed.

 Thei
ncr
easei
npopul
ati
onhasal
soi
ncr
easedpr
essur
eonl
andandcausedf
ood
shor
tage. I
nthepeopl
erunf
rom r
ural
areast
otownsr
esul
ti
ngi
ntounempl
oyment
.
`
 Unempl
oymenti
swi
del
ycausedbyl
ow educat
ionl
evel
s. Thebet
tereducat
iont
he
per
sonat
tai
nst
hehi
gherchancesofget
ti
nggoodj
obs. Howev
eri
nsomecases,
cour
sest
akenatuni
ver
sit
ywhi
chhav
eli
mit
edj
obsi
nthef
iel
dhav
emadesome
gr
aduat
esunempl
oyed.Forexampl
ebei
ngapi
l
ot,l
awy
erandst
udy
ingbot
anyand
zool
ogy
.

 Const
antci
vi
lwar
sacr
osst
hecount
ryhav
ecausedmor
eunempl
oymentl
evel
s. For
i
nst
ance i
nthe pastt
en y
ear
sthe peopl
e ofNor
ther
n Uganda hav
e been much
empl
oyedduet
oexi
stenceofKonywar
ssi
mil
arl
ymanypeopl
einSomal
i
aandSudan
ar
eunempl
oyedbecauseofl
i
vingunset
tl
edl
i
feduet
othewar
sthathav
ebeengoi
ng
ont
her
e.

 Thehi
ghbel
i
efi
nur
banar
eas.Ther
eisbet
terst
andar
dofl
i
vinghascausedmor
e
unempl
oymentr
ati
o.Thi
sat
ti
tudehasdr
ivenmanypeopl
efr
om ar
easl
i
keKar
amoj
ato
comet
oKampal
atol
ookf
orbet
terl
i
fehowev
ermanyhav
eendedupbecomi
ng
beggar
sorst
reet
s.

 Somepeopl
erunf
rom t
hei
rvi
l
lagest
otownwher
etheycausemor
eunempl
oyment
l
evel
s because t
heyar
erunni
ng awayf
rom cul
tur
ali
nit
iat
ion cer
emoni
es. For
i
nst
ancemanygi
rl
sfr
om Sebeihav
emov
edt
oKampal
acausi
ngj
obi
nsecur
it
ybecause
t
heydi
dn’
twantt
obeci
rcumci
sed.

 Ther
api
dchangesi
ntechnol
ogyhav
eal
sor
esul
tedi
nwi
despr
eadofunempl
oyment
,
f
ori
nst
ancewi
tht
hei
ntr
oduct
ionofATM bybanks,t
her
ewasr
educt
ionoft
heman
powerr
equi
redt
huscr
eat
ingunempl
oymentt
olai
dof
fwor
ker
s.

 Unempl
oymenti
shi
ghbecauset
her
ateatwhi
chpopul
ati
ongr
owsi
sfarhi
ghert
han
t
her
ateofeconomi
cgr
owt
h. Fori
nst
ancei
nUgandat
hepr
ivat
esect
orcanempl
oy
j
ustaf
ewpeopl
etot
hegov
ernmentci
vi
lser
vicebecausei
nvest
menti
sal
sol
ow.

 Unempl
oymenti
s att
imes caused bychangi
ng pat
ter
ns i
nthe gl
obalt
rend of
economi
cs. Fori
nst
anceaf
t he9th Sept
ert ember2011at
tackont
hewor
ldt
rade
mar
keti
n Amer
ica,a wor
ld-
wide r
ecessi
on was t
ri
gger
ed i
n whi
ch manyl
arge
compani
escol
l
apsedi
nEur
ope,Aust
ri
aandAsi
a.Ugandawasal
soaf
fect
edandt
his
l
edt
omanypeopl
eremai
nunempl
oyed.

 Poorgov
ernmentpol
i
cyhasl
edt
omor
eunempl
oymenti
nst
eadofbui
l
dingmor
e
f
act
ori
es ori
ndust
ri
es and encour
agi
ng l
ocalent
repr
eneur
s,t
he gov
ernmenti
s
`
char
gingmucht
axt
opr
ivat
eowner
sofcompani
es. Thi
shasf
orcedsomeempl
oyer
s
t
olayof
fpar
toft
hei
rlabourf
orce.

CONSEQUENCESOFUNEMPLOYMENT

 Hi
ghcr
imer
ates

 I
ncr
easedgov
ernmentexpendi
tur
ebecauseofal
way
sfi
ght
ingcr
imesl
i
keput
ti
ngup
mor
esecur
it
y.

 I
thasl
edt
ohi
ghf
oodshor
tage.

 Mar
ri
agei
nst
abi
l
ity
/di
vor
ce

 I
ncr
easedst
reetchi
l
dren

 Wi
denedt
hegapbet
weent
her
ichandpoor
.

 I
ncr
easedsexual
immor
ali
ty.

 I
ncr
easeddependencer
ati
o.

 I
thasl
edt
obr
aindr
ain

 Expl
oit
ati
onofwor
ker
shasi
ncr
eased.

 I
ncr
easedusageofsl
um ar
eas.Forexampl
einKamwoky
a.

 Ther
ehasbeenhi
ghcul
tur
alf
usi
onl
eadi
ngt
olossoft
hei
rcul
tur
albehav
ior
.

 Al
cohol
i
sm hasbecomeacommonhabi
tformanypeopl
e.

 Hi
ghwayr
obber
yisonhi
ghr
ate.

 I
ncr
easedgov
ernmentexpendi
tur
ebyl
ooki
ngaf
tert
hej
obber
s

 Sui
cide

 Ther
ear
emor
efor
cedmar
ri
agesi
nsoci
etyt
oday
.

 Si
ngl
epar
ent
hoodhasal
soi
ncr
easedi
nthesoci
etyduet
ohi
ghunempl
oyment
.

 Ov
erpr
oduct
ionofchi
l
dren.

 Decl
i
nei
nrel
i
giousv
alues

 I
ncr
easedexposur
etopor
nogr
aphi
cmat
eri
als.

 Hasl
edt
olowst
ruct
ural
andi
nfr
ast
ruct
ural
dev
elopmenti
nthecount
ry.
`

SUGGESTI
ONSTOUNEMPLOYMENT

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
densur
epeaceandst
abi
l
ityi
nthecount
ry.

 Dev
elopment
alpr
ogr
ammes shoul
d be enhanced byt
he gov
ernmentand chur
ch
basi
cal
l
yinv
il
lagear
easl
i
keKal
angal
aint
ermsofhousi
ng,
elect
ri
cit
y.

 Di
ver
sif
icat
ionoft
heeconomyshoul
dbeencour
agedbyt
hegov
ernmentencour
agi
ng
peopl
etogetski
l
lsf
rom ot
hersect
ions.

 School
sshoul
dbeencour
agedt
oteachent
repr
eneur
shi
pski
l
lst
ost
udent
s.

 Popul
ati
onshoul
dbecont
rol
l
edbyt
hegov
ernmentbyst
oppi
ngpeopl
efr
om pr
oduci
ng
al
otofchi
l
dren.

 Pov
ert
yal
l
evi
ati
onpr
ogr
ammesshoul
dbeemphasi
zedbyt
hegov
ernmentandt
he
chur
ch. Theyshoul
dpr
ovi
del
oanst
othepeopl
e.

 For
eigni
nvest
orsshoul
dbeencour
agedt
oempl
oyl
ocal
popul
ati
onatl
east75%.

 Landt
enur
esy
stemsshoul
dbemodi
fi
edwher
ebyl
ocali
nvest
orsshoul
dbepr
ovi
ded
l
andatl
owcost
.

 Taxhol
i
day
sshoul
dbegr
ant
edt
olocal
inv
est
ors.

 I
n-ser
vicet
rai
ningshoul
dbeencour
agedbyempl
oyer
s.Forexampl
eacqui
ri
ngnew
comput
erski
l
ls.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dof
fersubsi
dest
ofar
mer
sli
ket
ract
orsatal
owcostandseeds.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dcr
eat
ejobst
othesoci
etyespeci
all
ytot
heeducat
edoneswho
sear
chf
orj
obs.

 The gov
ernmentshoul
d encour
age peopl
eto go back t
ovi
l
lages and empower
agr
icul
tur
ali
stswi
thseedsandot
herski
l
ls.
`
HOW SHOULDCHRI
STI
ANSDEALWI
THTHEPROBLEM OFUNEMPLOYMENT?

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dhel
ptheunempl
oyedChr
ist
ianbr
other
sandsi
ster
stosear
chf
orj
obs
i
not
herwor
dst
heyshoul
dlookf
orj
obsonbehal
fofot
her
s.Forexampl
eifaChr
ist
ian
i
swor
kingasadoct
orandhear
sthatt
heempl
oyerneedst
orecr
uitmor
enur
ses,go
aheadandi
nfor
myourChr
ist
ianbr
other
sandsi
ster
swhomi
ghtbet
rai
nedi
nthatbut
l
acksaj
ob.

 Chur
chl
eader
sar
ecal
l
edupont
osetupi
ncomegener
ati
ngact
ivi
ti
est
oempl
oyt
he
unempl
oyed.Forexampl
eli
feChr
ist
ianchur
chofPast
orJacksonSseny
ongaf
oundi
n
Bwai
sehasest
abl
i
shedTopTel
evi
sionandTopr
adi
owhi
chhel
psomeChr
ist
ianst
o
getempl
oyed.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dal
sopr
ayf
ort
heunempl
oyedt
ogetempl
oyment
.Thi
stheyusual
l
y
doar
etheendorbegi
nni
ngofev
eryy
earspeci
alpr
ayer
sthatar
eor
gani
zedbychur
ch
l
eader
sli
keBi
shopCy
pri
anLwangaofLubagaCat
hedr
al,
Dav
idKi
gandaofChr
ist
iani
ty
f
ocuscent
re,Past
or.Rober
tKay
anj
aofmi
racl
ecent
recat
hedr
alwhoor
gani
zet
hei
r
pr
ayer
sinNambool
e.

 Chr
ist
ianswhoar
ewor
kingshoul
dconsol
ethosewhoar
eunempl
oyedandencour
age
t
hem t
obepat
ientt
hatanyt
imet
heywi
l
lbeempl
oyed.

 Chr
ist
ianl
eader
sinchur
chshoul
dequi
ptheunempl
oyedwi
thr
elev
antski
l
lst
oenabl
e
t
hem empl
oyt
hemsel
ves. Thi
scanbedonet
hroughest
abl
i
shi
ngChr
ist
ianf
ounded
school
swhi
chemphasi
zepr
act
icalski
l
lsl
i
ke.Ki
subibr
other
s’t
echni
calwasf
ounded
byt
heCat
hol
i
cChur
chf
ort
hatbenef
it
.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dber
eadyt
ogi
vef
inanci
alassi
stancet
ofel
l
ow Chr
ist
ianst
osetup
t
hei
rownent
erpr
ises.I
nthi
scase,t
hecent
enar
yrur
aldev
elopmentbankof
fer
sloans
t
oanumberofChr
ist
ianswhowi
sht
oest
abl
i
shsel
f-hel
ppr
oject
sli
kepoul
tr
yfar
ming.

 Theempl
oyedChr
ist
iansi
nbi
gof
fi
cest
oinf
luencel
i
keheadt
eacher
s,mi
nist
ersshoul
d
ber
eadyt
oof
ferj
obst
ofel
l
owChr
ist
ianswhosear
chf
ort
hem i
nthei
rcompanyand
hav
eav
il
if
icat
ion.

 TheChr
ist
iancommuni
tyshoul
dcar
eforunempl
oyed. Thi
scanbedonet
hrough
of
fer
ing f
ree meal
s,cl
othi
ng and medi
calser
vices f
orexampl
e Past
orWi
l
son
Bugembe’
sChur
chandt
heWat
otoChur
choccasi
onal
l
ygi
vesuchassi
stancet
othe
soci
ety
.
`
 Thechur
chshoul
dappealt
othegov
ernmentt
oest
abl
i
shmor
ejobsent
erpr
isest
othe
unempl
oyment
. Theycandot
hisbyencour
agi
ngt
hegov
ernmentt
oli
ftt
heban
agai
nstempl
oyi
ngci
vi
lser
vant
s.Thati
stosay
,toempl
oymor
epeopl
eint
heci
vi
l
ser
vice.

 Thechur
chl
eader
sshoul
dal
sor
equestt
hegov
ernmentt
owar
dschangi
ngt
hei
rpol
i
cy
i
nfav
ouroft
heunempl
oyed.Forexampl
eencour
agi
ngl
abouri
ntensi
vet
echni
ques
r
athert
hancapi
tal
int
ensi
vet
echni
queswhi
chl
i
mit
sempl
oymentt
olabour
.

CAUSESOFFAMI
NE

Fami
nei
sa st
ateoft
hei
nabi
l
ityofa gr
oup ofpeopl
eoran i
ndi
vi
dualt
ofeed
t
hemsel
vesadequat
ely
. Fami
nehasbeensi
tedi
nmanypar
tsofAf
ri
ca.Forexampl
e
Somal
i
a,Sudan. Themai
ncausesoff
ami
near
ethef
oll
owi
ng;

 Env
ironment
aldegr
adat
ion.Thati
stosay
,landmayl
osei
tsf
ert
il
it
yduetdef
orest
ati
on
t
husmaki
ngagr
icul
tur
edi
ff
icul
t.

 Pol
i
ticali
nst
abi
l
ity
.Thati
stosay
,var
iousci
vi
lwar
sthathav
etakenpl
acei
nar
easl
i
ke
Nor
ther
nUgandai
nthel
ast10y
ear
sinSomal
i
a,Sout
her
nSudanandt
heRwandan
genoci
deof1994consumedmuchmanpowerandev
encr
opgr
owi
ngwasl
i
mit
ed.

 Pooragr
icul
tur
almet
hodswhi
chcan’
tpr
omot
eincr
easedpr
oduct
ion.Forexampl
e
subsi
stencef
armi
ng.

 Poorgov
ernmentpol
i
cies.Thati
stosay
,somet
imest
hegov
ernmentencour
agescash
cr
opgr
owi
ngatt
heexpenseoff
oodcr
opgr
owi
ng.

 Nat
uralcal
ami
ti
esl
i
kedr
oughtwhi
chhasaf
fect
edpeopl
eofKaseseandBududa
wher
elandsl
i
desoccur
redev
enweev
il
sli
keBananaweev
il
sandcassav
amosai
chav
e
af
fect
edf
armi
ngl
eadi
ngt
ofami
ne.

 Theagr
o-chemi
caldeadl
yinput
sthatar
esomeseedsorchemi
cal
susedi
nagr
icul
tur
e
hav
ebeenofpoorqual
i
tyl
eadi
ngt
ount
oldsuf
fer
ingandf
ami
ne.

 ManyAf
ri
cancount
ri
essuf
ferf
rom f
ami
nebecauset
heyhav
enocl
earpol
i
ciesonf
ood
sacr
ist
y. I
ncount
ri
esl
i
keUgandat
hegov
ernmenthasnotputi
nenoughef
for
tto
bui
l
dfoodst
oreswhi
chcanpr
ovi
def
ooddur
ingt
hedoughseasons.

 Poort
imi
ngofseasonshasal
soi
ncr
easedf
ami
nei
nAf
ri
ca.TheAf
ri
cangeogr
apher
s
whoar
eexpect
edt
ogi
vecl
eari
nfor
mat
ionont
hechangeofcl
i
mat
ear
eunabl
eto
`
st
udyt
hechangeofseasonssof
armer
ssomet
imesenduppl
ant
ingi
ndr
yseasons.

 Poorshor
tagef
aci
l
iti
eswhi
chcan’
tenabl
efar
mer
stokeepal
ongt
imef
oodst
uff
s.

 The sl
ow moder
nizat
ion and mechani
zat
ion oft
he agr
icul
tur
alsect
ori
n Af
ri
ca.
Peopl
emai
nlygr
ow onsubsi
stencel
evelmeani
ngt
hatpeopl
ecan’
thav
eenough
sur
plusest
osel
ltomeetot
herdemands.

 Thedel
i
ber
ater
efusalofsomepeopl
etopar
ti
cipat
einagr
icul
tur
ehasal
sol
edt
o
f
ami
neasadi
rt
yjobandal
way
spr
efer
stogof
orwhi
tecol
l
arj
obs.

SOLUTI
ONSTOFAMI
NE

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dst
artsubsi
dizi
ngonf
armer
s’pr
oduce.

 Agr
icul
tur
almechani
zat
ion shoul
d be encour
aged by t
he gov
ernment t
hrough
i
mpor
tat
ionoff
ert
il
izer
sanduseofmoder
ntool
sli
ket
ract
ors.

 Thegov
ernmentofAf
ri
cashoul
dencour
agef
oodpr
oduct
ional
ongsi
decashcr
op
gr
owi
ng.

 Resear
chshoul
dbemadet
ofi
ghtagai
nstunpr
ogr
ammedseasonsorout
breakof
nat
ural
cal
ami
ti
esl
i
kel
andsl
i
deswhi
chaf
fectpeopl
e’
sfoodpr
oduct
ion.

 Thegov
ernmentofAf
ri
canshoul
dputupnat
uralshor
tagef
aci
l
iti
esi
neachcount
ryt
o
pr
epar
eforout
breakoff
ami
nei
ndr
yseasons.

 Af
ri
canf
armer
sshoul
dbeequi
ppedwi
thbet
terpr
act
icalski
l
lssoast
oimpr
oveon
t
hei
rtechni
quesi
ntheagr
icul
tur
alpr
oduct
s. Thegov
ernmentofUgandahasdone
t
hist
hroughNAROf
oundi
nMukonoandal
soKawandaResear
chCent
re.

 Di
ver
sif
icat
ionoft
heeconomyshoul
dbeencour
agedwher
ebyt
hegov
ernmentshoul
d
puti
nef
for
tini
ndust
ri
alandagr
icul
tur
alsect
ors.

 Thedepar
tmentandmi
nist
ryofdi
sast
erpr
epar
ednessshoul
dbef
oundedbyt
he
gov
ernmentt
oal
way
sint
erv
enei
ncasesofemer
gency
.Forexampl
etheout
breakof
l
andsl
i
des.

 For
eign i
nvest
ors shoul
d be encour
aged t
o some i
nthe count
ry and i
nvesti
n
agr
icul
tur
eespeci
all
ypl
ant
ati
onal
far
ming.

 I
nthesamewayt
hegov
ernmentshoul
dal
soencour
agel
ocali
nvest
orsi
nthef
iel
dof
agr
icul
tur
ethr
oughgi
vi
ngf
reet
axhol
i
day
s.
`
 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dal
socomeupwi
tht
hepol
i
cywhi
chmi
nimi
zest
heexpor
tat
ion
ofagr
icul
tur
alpr
oducei
nthesocal
l
eddev
elopedcount
ri
esandev
enr
educeont
he
costofi
mpor
ti
ngot
hercommodi
ti
eswhi
chr
educepeopl
e’
sincomebase.

POVERTY

Pov
ert
yref
erst
oasi
tuat
ionofbei
ngdepr
ivedofsuf
fi
cientmat
eri
algoodst
oensur
e
descenthumanl
i
fe.

CAUSESOFPOVERTY

 Pol
i
ticali
nst
abi
l
iti
es char
act
eri
zed bywar
s and r
ebel
s act
ivi
ti
es.Forexampl
ein
Nor
ther
n Uganda l
eadi
ng t
o di
spl
acementofpeopl
efr
om t
hei
rhome,t
o camps
hi
nder
ingpr
oduct
ionl
ower
ingt
hest
andar
dsofl
i
ving,pav
ingwayt
ohi
ghl
evel
sof
pov
ert
yint
her
egi
on.

 The st
ruct
ural adj
ust
ment pr
ogr
ammes such as demobi
l
izat
ion of sol
dier
s,
r
etr
enchmentofci
vi
lser
vant
sandmanyot
her
s.Thesi
tuat
ioni
swor
senedbyf
ail
uret
o
payt
ermi
nal
benef
it
spav
ingwayf
orhi
ghpov
ert
ylev
els.

 The escal
ati
ng cor
rupt
ion mani
fest
ed t
hrough t
ri
bal
i
sm, nepot
ism, br
iber
y,
embezzl
ementandmanyot
her
shasl
edt
omoneyort
hecount
ry’
sweal
tht
obei
nthe
handsoft
hef
ewpeopl
eatt
heexpenseoft
hecount
ry’
smasses.

 Thehi
ghl
evel
sofunempl
oymenti
nthewor
ldov
erandUgandai
npar
ti
cul
ar,
wher
eiti
s
t
endi
ngt
o90%hasl
edt
oincr
easedpov
ert
yduet
ofai
l
uret
oat
tai
nthebasi
cneedsof
l
i
feandl
i
mit
ingi
nvest
mentl
evel
s.

 Thel
owwagespai
dtoci
vi
lser
vant
swhent
hest
andar
dofl
i
vingi
shi
ghl
eadi
ngt
opoor
f
eedi
ng,
poorhousi
ngpav
ingwayt
odi
seases,
besi
desf
ail
uret
osav
eandi
nvest
.

 Thepr
obl
em ofdi
seaseespeci
all
yAI
DSepi
demi
csl
eadi
ngt
olossofi
ncomeear
ner
s
andi
ncr
easi
ngexpendi
tur
eont
reat
ment
,thuspav
ingwayf
ori
ncr
easi
ngl
evel
sof
pov
ert
yint
hecommuni
ty.

 Ther
igi
dit
yoft
radi
ti
onalpr
act
icesandcust
omst
hathi
nderpeasant
stoadj
ustt
o
moder
nmet
hodsofpr
oduct
ion,
suchascat
tl
eranchi
ng,
mixedf
armi
ng.

 The cul
tur
aland soci
aldemands such as t
he pay
mentofdowr
y/br
ide pr
ice,
uneconomi
cbenef
it
ingexpendi
tur
essuchasexpendi
tur
eonweddi
ng,
funer
als,
par
ti
es
andot
her
slower
ingt
hel
evel
ofi
nvest
mentpav
ingwayf
orhi
ghl
evel
sofpov
ert
y.
`
 Lackofi
nnov
ati
venessandi
nabi
l
ityt
oper
cei
veadv
ant
agesofi
nvest
ingt
odayf
ora
bet
tert
omor
rowbymanypeopl
e. Thi
siscoupl
edwi
thhav
ingl
i
mit
edaspi
rat
ionand
i
nabi
l
ityt
odef
ert
oday
’sgr
ati
fi
cat
ionst
othef
utur
e.

 Thepr
act
iceofext
endedf
ami
l
ieswi
thabi
gnumberofdependant
s,especi
all
ythe
y
oungonesl
eadi
ngt
oincr
easedexpendi
tur
eint
ermsofheal
th,
educat
ion,
clot
hingand
f
eedi
ng.Thusl
ower
ingi
nvest
mentl
evel
s,pav
ingwayf
orpov
ert
y.

 Geogr
aphi
calcat
ast
rophessuchasear
thquakes,l
andsl
i
des,dr
ought
,El
i
ninohr
ains,
wi
nds,f
loodi
ng and ot
her
sleadi
ng t
o dest
ruct
ion of pr
oper
ty and i
ncr
easi
ng
expendi
tur
esf
orhousehol
ds,
thuspav
ingwayf
orpov
ert
y.

 Lazi
nessandapat
hyt
owar
dswor
k,sucht
hatsomepeopl
edespi
secer
tai
njobsand
ev
ent
ual
l
ydonot
hingf
ort
hemsel
ves,
hencel
eadi
ngt
oincr
easi
ngcasesofpov
ert
y.

 Lackofeducat
ionalqual
i
ficat
ionst
hatwoul
dleadonenott
oacqui
reempl
oymentt
o
ear
nincomet
hatwoul
dleadt
opr
ovi
sionoft
hebasi
cneedsofl
i
feandi
nvest
ment
.

 Gambl
i
ngwher
esomepeopl
egambl
eunt
ilt
heyl
oseal
lthei
rpr
oper
ti
es,suchascar
s,
houses,
moneyandot
her
sinact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kepl
ayi
ngcar
dsl
eadi
ngt
opov
ert
ycases.

 Phi
losophyofli
feandrel
igi
on,somepeopl
ebeli
evethatt
heyarecursedwhi
leot
her
s
ar
guet hatweal
thwasnotmatter
,si
ncet
heydon’
tputi
neffor
ttobecomeri
ch.

SOLUTI
ONS
 Ther
eisneedt oensur
esoci
alpol
it
icalst
abi
li
ty,economi
cequi
ty,soci
alandgender
i
nequal
i
tiesaddr
essedsoast
ofi
ghtpovert
y.
 Ther
eisneedf
orequi
tabl
edi
str
ibut
ionofr
esour
cesandamor
eequi
tabl
edi
str
ibut
ion
oft
hepr
oceedofgr
owt
hamongr
egi
onsandt
hepopul
ati
on.

 Ther
eisneedt
ohav
esy
stem ofgov
ernancet
hatf
ost
ersaccount
abi
l
ity
,tr
anspar
ency
andmor
eimpor
tant
lyt
oaddr
esscor
rupt
ion.

 I
ncr
easedi
nvest
mentv
iabet
tereducat
ion,
bet
terheal
th,
bet
ternut
ri
ti
onandeconomi
c
gr
owt
hmostbehumancent
red.

 Ther
eis need f
orst
abl
e and sust
ainabl
e economi
c gr
owt
h,wi
thoutneeds and
aspi
rat
ionscannotbemet
. I
ttakespr
oduct
ion,gr
owt
handopenwel
l
-funct
ioni
ng
mar
ket
stoi
ncr
easet
hegoodsandser
vicesoagr
owi
ngpopul
ati
ont
omeetdemands
`
f
oral
i
feandabov
eal
laddr
esspov
ert
y.

 Thechur
chand gov
ernmentshoul
d encour
agehar
d wor
kthr
oughsensi
ti
zi
ng t
he
masses,
preachi
ngandef
fect
ivel
egi
slat
ingbgov
ernment
.

 Peopl
eshoul
dbeeducat
edaboutr
egul
ati
ngexpendi
tur
eespeci
all
yoncul
tur
aland
soci
aldemandssuchaspay
mentofdowr
y,f
uner
alr
it
es,weddi
ngpar
ti
esandmany
ot
her
s

 Thegov
ernmentandt
hechur
chshoul
dtr
ytocr
eat
eempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
est
hrough
est
abl
i
shi
ngpr
oject
s,besi
desl
oansshoul
dbeext
endedt
opeopl
eandor
gani
zat
ionst
o
enabl
ethem cr
eat
ejobsandhencef
ightpov
ert
y.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dseekmar
ketf
oragr
icul
tur
alpr
oduce,adv
isef
armer
sonwhat
t
opr
oduceandhowt
opr
oducet
husenabl
i
ngpeopl
etoear
nincomeandf
ightpov
ert
y.

 Thest
ruct
ural
adj
ust
mentpr
ogr
ammesshoul
dbeev
aluat
edbef
orei
mpl
ement
ingt
hem
besi
desi
ncaseofr
etr
enchmentpeopl
eshoul
dbepai
dapackaget
oenabl
ethem st
art
i
ncomegener
ati
ngact
ivi
ti
est
husf
ight
ingpov
ert
y.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dpayci
vi
lser
vant
sli
vi
ngwagesot
hatt
heycanbeabl
eto
pr
ovi
def
ort
hei
rfami
l
ies,besi
dessav
ingsf
ori
nvest
mentst
agi
ng af
ightagai
nst
pov
ert
y.

 Fami
l
ypl
anni
ngshoul
dbeencour
agedbygov
ernmentandsoci
etyt
ocont
rolt
hef
ami
l
y
si
zet
husr
educi
ngexpendi
tur
eandi
ncr
easi
ngi
nvest
mentf
ort
hef
ami
l
y.

 Peopl
eshoul
dbesensi
ti
zedt
oembr
aceacul
tur
eofsav
ingandi
nvest
ment
,besi
des
i
nvest
menti
neducat
ionshoul
dbet
akenasapr
ior
it
y,becausei
tisanef
fect
ivewayof
f
ight
ingpov
ert
y.

CAUSESOFECONOMI
CIMBALANCESBETWEENTHERI
CHANDPOORCOUNTRI
ES

 Poorcount
ri
esl
ackt
echni
calski
l
lst
oef
fect
ivel
yhar
nessnat
uralr
esour
cessuchas
mi
ner
als,
for
est
s,aquat
icr
esour
cesasf
ishandot
her
stocausedev
elopmentwhi
l
eri
ch
count
ri
esar
eendowedwi
thadv
ancedt
echnol
ogyt
hathasbeenut
il
izedt
oef
fect
ivel
y
har
nessnat
uralr
esour
cesf
ordev
elopment
,besi
desexpor
ti
ngt
hatt
echnol
ogyt
opoor
count
ri
es.

 Neo-
col
oni
ali
sm i
sst
il
lapr
obl
em t
opoorcount
ri
esi
nthewayt
hatmostpol
i
ciesand
pr
ogr
ammesofpoorcount
ri
es,
thust
hepoorcount
ri
esar
eal
way
sexpl
oit
edbycol
oni
al
`
mast
ers,t
husmaki
ngt
hem t
oremai
npoorast
heypr
oducecheapr
awmat
eri
alsand
i
mpor
tex
pensi
vef
ini
shedgoods.

 Cl
i
mat
icpr
obl
emssuchasdr
ought
,fl
oodsandexcessi
ver
ainsandot
her
sdest
roy
agr
icul
tur
alpr
oduce,l
eadi
ng t
o poory
iel
dsi
n poorcount
ri
est
hatmost
lyent
ir
ely
dependonagr
icul
tur
east
hebackboneoft
heeconomy
.

 Mostpoorcount
ri
esl
i
keUganda hav
eremai
ned poorbecauseoft
he escal
ati
ng
cor
rupt
ionl
evel
swhi
chmakest
hecount
ri
esr
esour
cest
obei
nthehandsoft
hef
ew
i
ndi
vi
dual
satt
heexpenseoft
hemasses.Besi
desduet
ocor
rupt
ion,l
oansandgr
ant
s
t
o poorcount
ri
es ar
einv
est
ed abr
oad byt
he cor
ruptof
fi
cial
s,l
eadi
ng t
o under
dev
elopment
.

 Mostpoorcount
ri
esar
epoorbecauset
heyl
ackcapi
talt
oinv
esti
nexpl
oit
ati
onof
nat
uralr
esour
cest
ocausedev
elopmentoncent
ral
l
ydev
elopedcount
ri
eshav
eal
lthe
capi
tal
theyneedt
oinv
estandcausedev
elopment
.

 Poorcount
ri
esal
sol
ackheav
ymachi
ner
yandi
ndust
ri
est
opr
ovi
deempl
oymentt
o
har
nessnat
ural
resour
cesandchampi
ondev
elopment
.

 Poorcount
ri
esar
eal
soaf
fect
edbypol
i
ticali
nst
abi
l
iti
est
hatl
eadt
othebr
eakdownof
t
hei
ndust
ri
alsect
or,i
ncr
easegov
ernmentexpendi
tur
eonsecur
it
yrat
hert
hani
ndust
ry
oragr
icul
tur
ebesi
desconcent
rat
ingpeopl
eincampscausi
ngabr
eakdowni
nthe
pr
oduct
ionpr
ocess.Forexampl
einNor
ther
nUgandaandSomal
i
a.

 Poorcount
ri
eswer
edepr
ivedofdev
elopmentycol
oni
zat
ionandsl
avet
radet
hatt
ook
outt
he y
oung,ener
get
ic and i
ndust
ri
ous ci
ti
zens t
hus l
eadi
ng t
o st
agnat
ion i
n
dev
elopment
.

 Poorcount
ri
esar
eal
soaf
fect
edbypoorcommuni
cat
ionandt
ranspor
tthathi
nder
sthe
pr
oducedgoodst
oaccessmar
ketpl
aces.Forexampl
emuchf
oodpr
oduct
sfai
lto
r
eachmar
ketar
easduet
opoorr
oadshencecr
eat
ingadi
sincent
ivet
othef
armer
sto
pr
oducemor
efood,
andear
nmor
eincome.

 Mostpoorcount
ri
eshav
eremai
nedbackwar
dbecauseofwr
onggov
ernmentpol
i
cies.
Forexampl
einUganda“
bonabagagawal
epr
ogr
amme”t
arget
spr
ovi
dingmoneyt
o
l
ocalpeopl
erat
hert
hanpr
ovi
dingmar
ketf
orwhatpeopl
ear
epr
oduci
ng,i
nvest
ing
mor
einagr
icul
tur
ewhi
chi
sempl
oyi
ngmaj
ori
tyofUgandansandsensi
ti
zi
ngpeopl
eon
whatt
opr
oduceandhowt
opr
oducet
omeetdemands.
`
 Mostpoorcount
ri
esof
tenl
ydependonagr
icul
tur
easopposedt
othei
ndust
ri
alsect
or,
agr
icul
tur
alpr
oduceandot
her
shav
ever
yli
tt
lei
nter
msofexpor
tyett
hepoorcount
ri
es
i
mpor
tex
pensi
vef
ini
shedgoods,
leadi
ngt
olowl
evel
sofdev
elopment
.

 Thei
mpactoff
orei
gnai
dandI
MFt
hatl
eadst
oexpl
oit
ati
onofpoorcount
ri
esduet
o
hi
gh i
nter
estr
atel
evi
ed on l
oans.Besi
des undemocr
ati
c pol
i
cies i
mposed on
dev
elopi
ngcount
ri
es.Forexampl
ether
etr
enchmentofci
vi
lser
vant
s.

 Poorcount
ri
esl
ackef
fect
ivedemandf
ort
hel
ocal
l
ypr
oducedcommodi
ti
esduet
o
pov
ert
y.Thi
s pr
esent
s a set
-back t
oindust
ri
aldev
elopmentl
eadi
ng t
o under
dev
elopment
.

 Some poorcount
ri
esl
ackv
aluabl
eraw mat
eri
alsf
ori
ndi
vi
dualdev
elopmentand
consequent
lydev
elopment
. Forexampl
etheyl
ackmi
ner
alsl
i
keoi
l
,
pet
rol
eum andur
ani
um t
hatar
eimpor
tantf
orexpor
tandi
ndust
ri
aldev
elopment
.

 Hi
ghr
ateofi
l
li
ter
acyi
npoorcount
ri
esi
sacauseofunderdev
elopment
,asi
tleadst
o
l
owl
evel
sofcr
eat
ivi
ty,
planni
ng,
sav
ingsandi
nvest
ment
.

WAYSWHATPOORCOUNTRI
ESCOULDUSETOCHECKTHEI
MBALANCES

 Ther
eshoul
dbepol
i
tical
stabi
l
ityat
tendedt
hroughdemocr
ati
zat
ionandt
her
uleofl
aw.

 Theeducat
ionsy
stem shoul
dbechangedt
osui
ttheneedsoft
hecount
ry.Forexampl
e
mor
e pr
act
icaland sci
ence subj
ect
s shoul
d be encour
aged as opposed t
o ar
ts
subj
ect
s.

 Mobi
l
izat
ion of l
ocal r
esour
ces and empower
ing women t
hrough l
egi
slat
ion,
sensi
ti
zat
ionandt
rai
ningwoul
dal
soaddv
aluet
othedev
elopmentpr
ocess.

 I
rr
igat
ionagr
icul
tur
eshoul
dbeencour
agedt
oav
oidr
ely
ingont
henat
uralweat
herand
cl
i
mat
ewhi
chsomet
imesl
eadst
opoorpr
oduct
ion,f
ami
ne,shor
tagesofagr
icul
tur
al
r
awmat
eri
alsandmanyot
her
s

 Gov
ernment shoul
dfi
ght cor
rupt
ion t
hrough l
egi
slat
ion and zer
otol
erance t
o
cor
rupt
iont
hroughpuni
shi
ngconv
ict
edi
ntheactf
orci
ngt
hem t
opaybackbesi
desa
pr
isonsent
ence.

 Ther
eisneedt
odi
ver
sif
ytheeconomyt
oav
oidov
erdependencyonagr
icul
tur
e.
Gov
ernmentshoul
dencour
agei
ndust
ri
aldev
elopmentbyset
ti
ngupi
ndust
ri
esand
gi
vi
ngi
ncent
ivest
othosei
ntendi
ngt
osetupi
ndust
ri
es. Mor
eso,
gov
ernmentshoul
d
`
encour
ageot
heract
ivi
ti
esl
i
kef
ishi
ng,t
our
ism,f
orest
ry,educat
ionandot
her
sthat
col
l
ect
ivel
ywoul
dfost
erdev
elopment
.

 Ther
eisneedt
odev
elopani
mpor
tsubst
it
uti
onst
rat
egyt
oreduceov
erspendi
ngon
i
mpor
ts,besi
desl
ocali
ndust
ri
esshoul
dbepr
omot
edbypr
ovi
dingt
hem at
axf
ree
env
ironmentandt
axi
nghi
ghl
yimpor
tedgoods,soast
ofost
ermar
ketf
ort
hei
rfi
nal
pr
oduct
s.

 Ther
eisneedt
otr
ainl
ocalmanpowert
oav
oidexpat
ri
ates. Thi
swoul
dfur
ther
i
nvest
menti
ntheeconomycausi
ngacr
it
icalmassandt
het
ri
ckl
edownef
fect
,leadi
ng
t
odev
elopment
.

 Ther
eisneedt
opayaj
ustwaget
oci
vi
lser
vant
stoav
oidbr
aindr
aint
odev
eloped
count
ri
esatt
heexpenseofdev
elopi
ngcount
ri
es.

 Ther
eisneedf
oral
andr
efor
mthatwoul
denabl
ethel
andl
esst
oaccessl
and,av
oids
absent
ee Landl
ords and ot
her
sleadi
ng t
oincr
eased pr
oduct
ion pav
ing way t
o
i
ncr
easedi
ncomeanddev
elopment
.

 Gov
ernment
sofpoorcount
ri
esdeser
vet
oav
oidf
orei
gnai
dfr
om dev
elopedcount
ri
es
especi
all
yai
dwi
thhi
ghi
nter
estr
ateasi
tmai
ntai
nst
hepoorcount
ri
esi
nthel
owl
evel
ofdev
elopment
.

 Ther
eisneedt
oencour
ager
egi
onalbal
anceandav
oidcasesofr
ural
-ur
banmi
grat
ion
soast
ochampi
ondev
elopment
. Gov
ernmentneedst
omaker
uralar
easat
tract
iveby
est
abl
i
shi
ng i
nfr
ast
ruct
ures,such as r
oads heal
th cent
res,good school
s and
i
nst
it
uti
onsofl
ear
ningi
nrur
alar
eas.

 Gov
ernmentneedst
oexpl
oitnat
uralr
esour
cesef
fi
ciencyandef
fect
ivel
ytocause
dev
elopmentandt
hepr
oceedsofeconomi
cgr
owt
hshoul
dbeequal
l
ydi
str
ibut
edi
nthe
count
ryf
ormeani
ngf
uldev
elopmentt
ober
eal
i
zed.

 Ther
eisneedt
oexpl
oitbot
hint
ernalandext
ernalmar
ket
sbypr
oduci
ngwhati
s
desi
redbybot
hmar
ket
s,t
hust
her
eisneedt
ocar
ryoutr
esear
chbygov
ernmentand
adv
isepr
oduci
nguni
tsaccor
dingl
y.

 Ther
eisneedt
orest
ri
ctt
rai
nedmanpowert
o mov
eoutoft
hecount
rybyl
aw,
especi
all
ythoset
rai
nedongov
ernmentsponsor
shi
p

PROBLEMSOFPOORCOUNTRI
ES
`
 Poorcount
ri
eshav
eapr
obl
em ofhi
ghdependi
ngr
ati
oduet
ocul
tur
alpr
act
ices,hi
gh
f
ert
il
it
yrat
eandi
l
li
ter
acyl
eadi
ngt
ohi
ghconsumpt
ionhencer
educi
ngt
her
ateof
sav
ingsandi
nvest
ment
.

 Poorcount
ri
esar
eaf
fect
edbycor
rupt
ionandbr
ini
ngsect
ari
ani
sm anddi
scr
imi
nat
ion
i
n accessi
ng gov
ernment r
esour
ce, r
esul
ti
ng i
nto some r
egi
ons t
o r
emai
n
under
dev
elopedatt
heexpenseofot
her
s.

 Abj
ectpov
ert
y,wher
ethepercapi
tai
ncomei
sver
ylow,t
huscannotf
aci
l
itat
esav
ings
andr
easonabl
einv
est
mentt
ocausedev
elopment
.

 Thehi
ghr
ateofunempl
oymentduet
omor
eorl
essst
agnanteconomyr
esul
ti
ngi
ntoa
st
ateofhopel
essness,
nosav
ingsandi
nvest
ment
.

 Popul
ati
onexpl
osi
onwheneconomi
cgr
owt
handdev
elopmenti
sst
agnantcr
eat
esa
cul
tur
eofconsumpt
ionr
athert
hani
nvest
ment
,leadi
ngt
ost
agnat
ioni
ndev
elopment
.

 Poort
echnol
ogywi
thi
nadequat
eeconomi
cnat
uralr
esour
cesasmi
ner
alst
ocause
i
ndust
ri
aldev
elopmentospeedupdev
elopment
.

 I
gnor
anceandi
l
li
ter
acyamongt
hepopul
ati
oncr
eat
ingl
ow l
evel
sofi
nnov
ati
veness,
pl
anni
ng,besi
desbei
ngst
ucki
ncul
tur
alpr
act
icesandt
aboost
hatl
i
mitsav
ingand
i
nvest
ment
.

 Hunger
,mal
nut
ri
ti
onanddi
seasessuchasAI
Dsandmal
ari
aresul
ti
ngi
ntoi
ncr
eased
expendi
tur
eonmedi
cine,
resul
ti
ngi
ntol
owsav
ingsandi
nvest
ment
.

 Poori
nfr
ast
ruct
uresuchashospi
tal
sandr
oads,l
eadi
ngt
opoormedi
calser
vices,l
ow
l
i
feexpect
ancyandabov
eal
lgoodspr
oducedi
nrur
alar
easf
ailt
oreachmar
ketpoi
nts
t
husl
eadi
ngt
ounder
dev
elopment
.

 Per
sist
entandwi
despr
eadst
ri
feandar
medr
ebel
l
ions,l
eadi
ngt
o dest
ruct
ionof
i
nvest
ment
s,br
aindr
ain,hunger
,mal
nut
ri
ti
onanddi
seases,t
huscur
tai
l
ingt
her
ateof
dev
elopment
.Forexampl
einSomal
i
a,Et
hiopi
a,Nor
ther
nUganda.

 Poorf
armi
ngmet
hods,
far
mingi
nmostcount
ri
est
akespl
aceonsmal
lscal
epeasant
ry
basi
s,dependi
ngonnat
uralcondi
ti
onshencel
i
mit
ingpr
oduct
ionl
eadi
ngt
oshor
tages
off
ood,
mal
nut
ri
ti
onanddi
seases.

 Lack ofenabl
i
ng gov
ernmentpol
i
cies t
o champi
on dev
elopmentbyencour
agi
ng
sav
ings,
incr
easedpr
oduct
ionandi
nvest
mentamongot
her
s.
`
 I
nmostpoorcount
ri
est
her
eisacul
tur
eofl
ow sav
ingsduet
ohi
ghconsumpt
ion
r
elat
edt
o cul
tur
alpr
act
icessuchasweddi
ngpar
ti
es,l
astf
uner
alr
it
esandot
her
cel
ebr
ati
ons,
cut
ti
ngdownt
her
ateofi
nvest
ment
.

 Mostdev
elopi
ngcount
ri
esi
nAf
ri
caov
erdependonagr
icul
tur
e,whi
chf
etchesl
esson
t
hewor
ldmar
ketasopposedt
owhati
simpor
tedl
eadi
ngt
oli
tt
leornosav
ings.

 Some count
ri
es hav
einadequat
e economi
cresour
ces as mi
ner
alst
o champi
on
i
ndust
ri
aldev
elopmentandcausedev
elopment
.

PROFESSI
ONALETHI
CS

Thesear
est
andar
dsormor
alsorbehav
iour
sorcompet
enceexpect
edf
rom aper
son
whoqual
i
fiedi
napar
ti
cul
arki
ndofcar
eerl
i
ket
eachi
ng,
medi
cal
doct
orandl
awy
ers.

A pr
ofessi
oni
sapai
doccupat
ionwhi
choner
ecei
vesaf
teranadv
ancedl
evelof
t
rai
ning.

(
a)Di
scusst
hedut
iesandobl
igat
ionsofpr
ofessi
onal
s.

(
b)Exami
net
her
elev
anceofpr
ofessi
onalet
hicst
opr
ofessi
onal
sinUganda

DUTI
ESANDOBLI
GATI
ONOFPROFESSI
ONALS

Pr
ofessi
onal
sar
epeopl
ewhoqual
i
fywi
thadv
ancedt
rai
ningwi
thapar
ti
cul
arki
ndof
ski
l
lsandj
obst
heyhav
ethef
oll
owi
ngdut
iesandobl
i
gat
ionst
oful
fi
ll
inl
i
fe;

 Pr
ofessi
onal
sshoul
dhav
est
andar
dsofcompet
encewhi
cht
heyat
tai
naf
terbei
ng
passedoutf
rom ar
ecogni
zedi
nst
it
uti
onl
i
keMaker
ereorKy
ambogoUni
ver
sit
y.

 Pr
ofessi
onal
shav
eadut
ytoengagei
nin-
ser
vicet
rai
ning.Thi
swoul
denabl
ehi
m orher
t
oper
for
m bet
teri
ndel
i
ver
ingf
oll
owi
ngt
hecur
renti
ssues.

 I
tist
he dut
y oft
he pr
ofessi
onal
stoi
nvol
vet
hemsel
ves i
nresear
ch wok and
i
nvest
igat
ions.Thi
senabl
est
hem t
okeepi
nfor
medoft
hecur
rentaf
fai
rsandt
heycan
dot
hisbyuseoft
hei
nter
net
,readi
ngnewspaper
sandl
i
steni
ngt
ovar
iousr
adi
o
pr
ogr
ammes.

 I
tist
hedut
yoft
hepr
ofessi
onal
sal
way
stobehonestandmai
ntai
nint
egr
it
yandsel
f
r
espectatwor
k. Thi
swi
l
lal
soenabl
ethem hav
erespectf
rom t
hei
rser
vant
s.

 Pr
ofessi
onal
sli
ket
eacher
sar
eobl
i
gedt
orespectt
hei
rfel
l
ow pr
ofessi
onal
swhi
l
eat
dut
y. Thi
stheydealwi
th. Fori
nst
anceadoct
ori
ssupposedt
okeept
hesecr
etsof
`
t
hepat
ient
.

 Thepr
ofessi
onal
sshoul
densur
ethatbyt
hei
rownconduct
,theydemandcommunal
r
espect
.Thati
stosay
,theyshoul
dber
espect
edbyt
hesoci
etyandt
hecl
i
ent
sthey
deal
wit
h.

 Pr
ofessi
onal
sshoul
dbeconf
identoft
hemsel
veswhi
l
eatwor
k.Theyshoul
dcommand
enoughaut
hor
it
yfr
om t
hepeopl
etheyl
ead.Forexampl
easat
eachery
oushoul
dn’
t
f
eart
oat
tacksomebi
gheadedst
udent
siny
ourcl
assbecauseoft
hei
rsi
zeorbi
gvoi
ce.

 Thepr
ofessi
onal
sshoul
dhav
easenseofpat
ienceespeci
all
yint
ermsofdemandi
ng
f
ort
hei
rsal
aryorwages. Fori
nst
anceadoct
orshoul
dfi
rstsav
eli
feoft
hepat
ientbox
demandi
nghi
spay
ment
s.

 I
tist
hedut
yandobl
i
gat
ionoft
hepr
ofessi
onal
stot
reatf
air
lyot
her
s.Forexampl
ehe
shoul
dn’
tcr
it
ici
zef
ell
ow wor
ker
sinpubl
i
corbef
orecl
i
ent
sorabuseoneanot
her
publ
i
cal
l
y.

 Apr
ofessi
onshoul
dtr
ytocont
rolhi
stemper
.Inot
herwor
dshe/
sheshoul
dacceptt
o
changechar
act
eri
fchangescal
lfori
t. Thi
siscommonl
yexpect
edofaper
sonwho
get
sapr
omot
ionatawor
kpl
ace.

 Pr
ofessi
onal
shav
eanobl
i
gat
ionofcr
eat
ingasenseofl
oyal
tyt
oeachot
heri
nor
dert
o
ensur
emut
ual
/heal
thunder
standi
ngwi
thot
her
s.

 I
tisanobl
i
gat
ionandadut
yofpr
ofessi
onal
stomakeuseofot
herpr
ofessi
onal
s
especi
all
yint
hesamef
iel
dbecauset
heymi
ghthav
ebet
terknowl
edge.Forexampl
ea
CREt
eachershoul
dfeelf
reet
oseekf
orassi
stancef
rom aneconomi
cst
eachert
ohel
p
hi
mteacht
het
opi
cofunempl
oyment
.

RELEVANCEOFPROFESSI
ONALETHI
CSTOPROFESSI
ONALSI
NUGANDATODAY

 Obser
ving pr
ofessi
onalet
hicshasassi
sted manywor
ker
sto execut
ethei
rdut
ies
sat
isf
act
ori
l
y.Thati
stosay
,manyt
eacher
shav
ebeenabl
etot
eacht
hei
rst
udent
sand
passedwel
lbecauset
heymaker
eli
abl
eresear
chl
i
kei
nvar
iousl
i
brar
iesexper
ienced
per
sonnel
thei
nter
net

 Theet
hicalcodesofconducthav
eal
soenabl
edempl
oyeet
opr
oducegoodr
esul
tsat
wor
k. Thi
smaycomeasar
esul
tofmanagi
ngt
imeandav
oidi
ngsexualr
elat
ionswi
th
cust
omer
s.
`
 Thepr
ofessi
oncodeofconducthasal
sobeenhel
pfult
opeopl
einawayt
hatt
heyget
hi
ghr
espectf
rom t
hecommuni
tywher
eonel
i
ves.

 Pr
ofessi
onalet
hicshav
ehel
pedmanypeopl
einUgandat
ocont
rolt
hei
remot
ionswhi
l
e
atwor
k.Forexampl
emanydoct
orsandt
eacher
sadmi
ret
hei
rcl
i
ent
s(f
emal
e)butdue
t
orespectoft
hei
rpr
ofessi
onal
ethi
cst
ryt
oav
oidsexual
rel
ati
onswi
tht
hem.

 Pr
ofessi
onalet
hicshav
ebeenr
elev
anti
nawayt
hatmanyempl
oyer
sdon’
tof
ferj
obs
basi
ngont
ri
bes,
clanorsexl
i
nesbutbaseont
heabi
l
ityoft
heappl
i
cant
.

 Ugandansneedpr
ofessi
onalet
hicsbecauset
heyhel
ptoi
mpr
oveont
hei
mageofour
wor
k.

 Pr
ofessi
onalet
hicsar
enecessar
yinUgandasi
ncet
heyequi
pindi
vi
dual
swi
thpoweror
mor
alj
udgmentov
eri
ssuessuchasst
ri
keswhi
chmaycausedest
ruct
ionandhi
nder
dev
elopment
.Inot
herwor
dspr
ofessi
onal
sdon’
tengagei
nst
ri
kesbecausei
tisi
l
legal
.

 Pr
ofessi
onalet
hicsi
nUgandahav
ehel
pedpeopl
etoknow how t
orel
atewi
thone
anot
herwhi
l
eatwor
kpl
aces.
e.quar
rel
sar
eli
mit
edi
nbusi
nesswhi
char
erunby
pr
ofessi
onal
s.

 Pr
ofessi
onalet
hicshav
ehel
pedpeopl
etokeepupwi
tht
heexpect
edpubl
i
cst
andar
ds.
Forex
ampl
etobet
rust
wor
thyandl
oyal
atwor
k.

THEPROFESSI
ONALETHI
CSOFTEACHERS

Thi
sisoneoft
hepr
ofessi
onsi
nthewhol
ewor
ldwhi
chhast
hehi
ghestnumberof
empl
oyees.Thet
eachi
ngpr
ofessi
onhassomesetr
ulesandr
egul
ati
ons9codesof
conduct
)whi
chmustbef
oll
owedbyt
hosewor
kingunderi
tandt
hesear
e;

 I
tist
hedut
yoft
het
eachert
ohav
ethenecessar
yknowl
edgeofwhathe/
shei
s
t
eachi
ng.

 Teacher
sshoul
dhav
etheski
l
lsr
equi
redt
ocommuni
cat
eknowl
edgepr
oper
lyt
othe
l
ear
ner
s.

 Theyshoul
dcr
eat
eal
ear
ningsi
tuat
iont
hatcanhel
pthel
ear
ner
sunder
standwhatt
hey
del
i
vert
othem.

 Teacher
sshoul
dbeupt
odat
ethati
smaki
ngt
henecessar
yresear
chaboutt
henew
t
rendofev
ent
sthatt
akepl
aceorr
esear
chi
ngaboutnew t
hingsont
hesy
ll
abus,
`
quest
ioni
ng,
answer
ingandmaki
ngt
echni
ques.

 At
eacherhasadut
ytoi
mpar
tmor
alandspi
ri
tual
val
uest
othest
udent
s.

 Thet
eachershoul
denf
orce/
encour
agehi
sst
udent
sto maker
esear
chal
way
sfor
f
urt
herr
eadi
ngandpr
oduct
ionofgoodgr
ades.

 Ther
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenat
eacherandhi
sst
udent
sshoul
dbepar
ent
al.

 At
eachershoul
dav
oidusi
ngcor
por
alpuni
shment
stodi
sci
pli
nest
udent
sbecausei
t
mayst
opast
udentf
rom at
tendi
nghi
sorherl
essonsbutot
herchannel
sli
kegui
dance
andcounsel
i
ngshoul
dbeut
il
ized.

 At
eachershoul
dencour
agest
udent
stodi
scov
erhi
s/heracademi
cpot
ent
ial
weakness
sucht
hatt
heymov
eonwi
thhi
m orhersmoot
hly
.

 At
eachershoul
d be i
mpar
ti
al.Thati
sto say
,shoul
d demonst
rat
e anyl
evelof
f
avour
it
ism whi
l
edeal
i
ngwi
thhi
sst
udent
s.

 At
eachershoul
dbear
olemodel
.Thati
stosay
,li
vi
nganexempl
aryt
obot
hthe
st
udent
sandcommuni
tyatl
arge.

I
N WHI
CH WAYS ARE SOME TEACHERS MOVI
NG AWAY FROM THEI
R
PROFESSI
ONALCODEOFETHI
CSI
NUGANDAANDWHY

Li
keanyot
herpr
ofessi
onalper
son,
ateacheri
ssupposedt
oobser
veacer
tai
ncodeof
conductwhi
chbi
ndhi
m/herwhet
herhe/
shegoesi
nthewor
ld.

Howev
er,i
tisv
erysur
pri
singt
ofi
ndt
hatsomet
eacher
sar
edev
iat
ingf
rom t
hese
pr
inci
plesi
nthef
oll
owi
ngway
s;

 Somet
eacher
snol
ongercar
ryoutgui
danceandcounsel
i
ngt
othei
rst
udent
swhi
chi
s
r
equi
redoft
hem. Ther
easongi
veni
sthatt
heyhav
einadequat
eti
measmanyar
e
par
tti
met
eacher
s.

 Theseday
sasr
epor
tedbymassmedi
amanymal
eteacher
sar
efoundhav
ingsexual
r
elat
ionswi
tht
hei
rfemal
est
udent
swhi
chmayendupi
ntounwant
edpr
egnancy
. The
r
easoncoul
dbet
hatt
heyar
epai
dli
tt
lewageswhi
chmaynotenabl
ethem hav
e
housewi
veswhoneedal
otofcar
efi
nanci
all
ycompar
edt
ost
udent
s.

 Manyt
imest
eacher
sar
einv
olv
edi
ninst
igat
ingandl
eadi
ngst
ri
kesi
nschool
swhi
chi
s
unpr
ofessi
onal
. Ther
easonsf
orsuchcasescoul
dbebar
kedofco-
ordi
nat
ionand
`
r
espectt
otheschool
admi
nist
rat
ionandal
sof
ail
uret
oappr
oacht
heempl
oyer
s.

 Someschoolt
eacher
sar
edi
sloy
alt
othei
rsuper
ior
swhi
chi
sal
soasi
gnofl
ackof
di
sci
pli
neont
hesi
deoft
eacher
s. Thecauseoft
hisi
slar
gel
yfi
nanci
alpr
obl
em
agr
eedf
oradmi
nist
rat
ionpost
s.

 Manyt
eacher
sar
enol
ongermai
ntai
nasi
gnofconf
ident
ial
i
tyt
hati
sver
yof
tensome
st
udent
sar
efoundmaki
ngf
unoft
eacher
sbecauset
heyexposet
othem t
hei
rsoci
al
andf
inanci
alpr
obl
ems.

 Somet
eacher
spoi
sont
hei
rst
udent
sbygi
vi
ngt
hem undercl
oseorcl
oseofcont
ent
.
Somet
imes t
hey gi
vef
alse i
nfor
mat
ion t
o st
udent
s. The r
eason coul
d be
dr
unkar
dness,
inexper
ience,
del
ayedpay
ment
sorquar
rel
swi
thot
herpeopl
e.

 Somet
eacher
sdel
i
ber
atel
ydeser
tthei
rst
udent
satt
het
imeofgr
eatneedwhi
l
ethe
t
eachershoul
dshow gr
eatki
ndnessandf
ri
endshi
p.Forexampl
edur
ingort
owar
ds
UNEBexams. Thi
smaybecausedbydel
ayedpay
ment
stot
het
eacher
sori
fhe/
she
i
sapart
imet
eacher
.

 Ther
ear
esomet
eacher
swhoar
en’
tact
ingexempl
aryf
ort
hest
udent
sfort
heysmoke,
dr
inkal
coholandwal
ktodi
scowi
tht
hem whi
chcausesl
owr
espect
. Thecausemay
bel
ackofsel
f-r
espect
.

 Thepr
ofessi
onalr
elat
ionshi
psbet
weensomet
eacher
sandt
hei
rst
udent
sar
epoor
i
gnor
ingt
oat
tendt
othest
udent
s’pr
obl
em ev
enwhent
het
eacheri
sar
ound. The
causeoft
hismaybeext
endi
ngt
hef
ami
l
ypr
obl
emst
oschool
.

 Thet
eacher
sar
emi
ndi
ngl
esst
odayt
oassi
stst
udent
smor
all
yandspi
ri
tual
l
y.Thi
s
coul
dbesobecauset
heset
eacher
sthemsel
vesar
eal
soundi
sci
pli
nedspi
ri
tual
l
y.

 Att
imest
eacher
slackpr
opermet
hodsofi
mpar
ti
ngknowl
edget
othest
udent
s.The
causeoft
hismaybet
eacher
’sshy
nessorf
ail
uret
ogot
oref
reshercour
ses.

 I
nsomeschool
s,t
eacher
sdon’
tcr
eat
egoodt
eachi
ngandl
ear
ningenv
ironmentand
i
nst
eadcr
eat
eaggr
essi
vel
i
fef
orst
udent
swhi
chmaket
hem hat
ehi
m/hersomet
imes
t
hismaybet
henat
ural
char
act
eroft
heper
son.

 Somet
eacher
sdon’
tkeepupt
odat
einf
ormat
ionasr
equi
redbyt
hei
ret
hics.Thati
s
t
heydon’
treadi
ssuesconcer
ningsoci
alev
ent
s9r
esear
ch)f
ort
hewel
l
-bei
ngoft
hei
r
st
udent
s.Ther
eason maybel
ackofmachi
nesoraccesst
othei
nter
net
,radi
o,
`
Tel
evi
sionori
stoobusy
.

 Manyt
imes,
teacher
sloset
hei
rpr
ofessi
onal
sbyengagi
ngi
ncheat
ingofexams.Some
endupbei
ngcaughtandi
mpr
isonedbossest
hathe/
shet
eachessowel
l
.

 Somet
eacher
sal
sol
ooset
hespi
ri
tofpr
ofessi
onal
i
sm t
hroughf
orgi
ngmar
ksf
or
st
udent
s.I
tmaybecausedbef
oreamal
eteacherconi
ngaf
emal
egi
rlorat
eacherhad
nol
i
nef
oract
ual
mar
king.

THEGENERALPROBLEMSFACED BYTEACHERSWHI
LETRYI
NG TO LI
VEUP TO
THEI
RETHI
CS

 Teacher
sfacemanypr
obl
emswhi
chatt
imesdon’
tenabl
ethem t
omai
ntai
nthei
r
et
hical
standar
ds.Thesepr
obl
emsr
otat
ear
oundpol
i
tical
,soci
alandeconomi
cissues.

 Theat
ti
tudeoft
hesoci
etyt
owar
dst
het
eacher
s.Forexampl
ewhenst
udent
spasswel
l
y
ouar
epr
aisedbyt
hesoci
etybutwhent
heyf
ail
,youar
ebl
amedori
ncompet
ent
.

 Thel
owl
evel
sofpay
mentser
vet
eacher
sar
epai
dlesscompar
edt
othewor
kdoneand
t
hest
andar
dsoncostofl
i
vingi
nthecount
ryt
hisl
eadst
ost
artpar
tti
ming.

 Ther
eishi
ghl
evel
sofi
mmor
ali
tyamongt
hest
udent
stoday
,thati
smanyhav
ebeen
exposedt
opor
nogr
aphywhi
l
eathomeandsomet
imesatschooli
tbecomessohar
d
f
ort
het
eacher
stomol
dthosest
udent
stot
heexpect
edl
evel
s.

 Thei
ncr
easedpopul
ati
onofl
ear
ner
stodayduet
oUni
ver
salpr
imar
yEducat
ion{
UPE}
andUni
ver
salsecondar
yEducat
ion{
USE}hasmadei
thar
dforsomet
eacher
sto
r
emai
ntooet
hical
.Thati
shandl
i
ngi
ndi
vi
dual
student
spr
obl
em i
snoteasy
.

 The t
ransf
er of t
eacher
sfr
om one schoolt
o anot
her has caused a l
ot of
di
sor
gani
zat
ionbet
weent
hem andadmi
nist
rat
orsbecauset
heymayf
indnewsy
stems
wher
etheygo.

 The poori
nfr
ast
ruct
ures i
n school
s hav
e hi
nder
ed t
eacher
s’per
for
mance and
obser
vat
ionoft
hei
ret
hics.Teacher
sdev
elopasenseofIdon’
tcar
eandonl
yteacher
s
f
orf
ormal
i
ty.

 The cont
rast mi
smanagement of school
s has al
so made t
eachi
ng become
unpr
ofessi
onal
. I
tiscommont
ohearschool
sst
ri
ki
ngst
udent
sbei
ngsuppor
tedby
t
eacher
sbecauset
heyal
lhav
esi
mil
ardemandsf
ort
headmi
nist
rat
ion.
`
 Del
ayedpay
mentoft
eacher
s’sal
ari
esi
sabi
gpr
obl
em t
heyf
aceatt
hei
rwor
kpl
aces.
Thesehav
ecausedmanyt
ost
artdodgi
ngl
essonsandev
engeti
nsexual
rel
ati
onswi
th
st
udent
sthatt
heywantt
ocompensat
ethemsel
ves.

 Lackofj
obsecur
it
yisoneofot
herpr
obl
emst
eacher
sface. Theymaynotcommi
t
t
hemsel
vesf
ull
ytot
heser
viceoft
heschoolbecauset
her
eisnosecur
it
yoft
hei
rjob
t
omor
row.

 Lustf
orsexualpl
ayhasf
orcedmanymal
eteacher
stoi
gnor
ethei
rpr
ofessi
onalet
hics
andgoi
nwi
thf
emal
est
udent
s.

MEDI
CALETHI
CS

Thi
sisoneoft
hemostdel
i
cat
epr
ofessi
onsi
nthewor
ldbecausei
tisconcer
nedwi
th
humanl
i
fepr
eser
vat
ion.

ETHI
CSOFMEDI
CALDOCTORS(
CODESOFCONDUCT)

Af
terst
udy
ingasdoct
orsandqual
i
fyi
ngi
nthepr
ofessi
ont
heyt
akeanagr
eement
knownashy
pocr
it
ical
oat
hinwhi
cht
heyv
owt
opr
eser
vel
i
fei
nal
lway
spossi
ble. The
f
oll
owi
ngar
esomeofcodesofconductwhi
chdoct
orsf
oll
owi
nthei
rpr
ofessi
on;

 Adoct
orshoul
dnev
erhel
pani
ndi
vi
dualhowev
erdesper
ateani
ndi
vi
dualmaybet
o
pr
ocur
e–abor
ti
on.

 Atal
lcost
sadoct
ori
ssupposedt
opr
eser
vel
i
fet
othepat
ient
sorcl
i
ent
swhocomet
o
hi
m orher
.

 Adoct
orshoul
dnev
erusemedi
cinet
oki
l
lorf
ini
shone’
sli
fei
ntent
ional
l
yforexampl
e
usi
ngexpi
reddr
ugsorov
erdose.

 Adoct
orshoul
dnev
ercar
ryoutEut
hanasi
a(mer
cy/
sil
entki
l
li
ng)becauseofpr
olonged
pay
ment
.

 Doct
orsshoul
dal
way
sbet
rust
wor
thydependabl
eorr
eli
abl
e.He/
sheshoul
dhav
e
honest
yandhumani
tyal
lthet
ime.

 Adoct
orshoul
dnev
err
equestf
orhol
i
day
swher
ewor
koft
reat
ingt
hesi
cki
singr
eat
need.

 Adoct
orshoul
duset
hesaf
estmedi
cal
inst
rumentt
otr
eatt
hesi
ck.

 A doct
orshoul
dbei
nposi
ti
ont
oacceptdef
eatori
gnor
anceoft
hecompl
i
cat
ion
`
i
nst
eadofgambl
i
ngar
oundwi
thone’
sli
fe.Thati
stosay
,shoul
dimmedi
atel
yref
ert
o
anexper
tint
hatar
ea.

 Theyshoul
dmai
ntai
ngoodr
elat
ionsandr
elat
ionsbet
weent
hemsel
vesandt
hehi
stor
y
oft
hepat
ient
s. Theydealwi
thi
not
herwor
dst
heyshoul
dpr
eser
vet
hecl
i
ent
s’
secr
ets.

 Adoct
orshoul
dfeelf
reet
otel
lthepat
ient
swhatshe/
hei
ssuf
fer
ingf
rom soast
he
si
ckl
ooksf
oraqui
ckandbet
termedi
cal
car
e.

 A doct
orshoul
d obser
vet
hel
aw ofj
ust
ice(
equal
i
ty)
.Thati
sto say
,gi
vi
ng f
air
t
reat
mentt
oal
lsexes,
col
our
sandt
ri
bes.

 Adoct
orshoul
dnev
erbei
nvol
vedi
nsexualemot
ionalact
ionsespeci
all
ywi
tht
hei
r
pat
ient
s.

 Adoct
orshoul
dcar
ryoutpr
operadmi
nist
rat
ionoft
hemedi
cinet
hati
snotov
erdose.

THECONTROVERSI
ESOFMEDI
CALDOCTORS

Thi
smeanst
heway
showdoct
orshav
evi
olat
edt
hei
rmedi
cal
ethi
csasnot
edbel
ow;

 I
tisacommonbehav
iorofdoct
orst
odayhel
pingy
ounggi
rl
smost
lyandsomet
imes
most
lywoment
oremov
eunwant
edpr
egnanci
es.

 Di
spl
ayi
ngsecr
ets. I
thasbeenacommonbehav
ioroft
odaydoct
orsgoi
ngi
npubl
i
c
exposi
ngt
hesi
cknessst
atusofsomeoft
hei
rpat
ient
s.

 Manydoct
orst
odayar
ecaughtcar
ryi
ngouteut
hanasi
atot
hepat
ient
swhoseek
assi
stancef
rom t
hem cl
aimi
ngt
hatt
heynol
ongerhopef
orl
i
fei
nfut
ure.

 Theseday
sdoct
orshav
egoneaheadt
ochal
l
engeGodt
hecr
eat
orbymanuf
act
uri
ng
humanl
i
kecr
eat
ures.

 Doct
orsengagei
nsexualr
elat
ionswi
tht
hei
rpat
ient
smanyt
imest
odayespeci
all
ywi
th
womenwhomayf
ail
topayt
hehospi
tal
bil
l
sandl
ookat
tract
ivet
ohi
m.

 Somedoct
orsv
iol
atet
hei
ret
hicsofpr
eser
vingl
i
feal
lthet
imebyr
efusi
ngt
ocar
efor
t
hepat
ient
swhomayappr
oacht
hem wi
thv
eryl
i
ttl
emoneyornot
hing.Forexampl
e
t
hisl
edt
othedeat
hofawomani
nMi
tyanahospi
tal
in2010.

 I
n some hospi
tal
s and t
o some doct
orsi
n par
ti
cul
ar t
hey exer
cise gender
di
scr
imi
nat
ioni
ngi
vi
ngappoi
ntment
sandt
reat
ingt
hesi
ckl
y.
`
 Somedoct
orsdon’
twantt
oacceptdef
eatandi
nst
eadpr
etendi
ngt
obet
reat
ingt
he
si
cknesswhom t
heyar
enotsur
elyoft
reat
ingt
hesi
ckwhi
chl
eadst
odeat
hofsome
pat
ient
s.

 Ther
ear
edoct
orswhohav
eledt
odeat
hofmanysi
ckpeopl
ebecauset
heyhav
efai
l
ed
t
oadmi
nist
erpr
opermedi
cat
ion.

EUTHANASI
A(Mer
cy,
Sil
ent
,Gent
leKi
ll
ing)

Thi
ster
m meansapr
act
icemost
lycar
ri
edoutbydoct
orswher
ebyt
heyhel
pthepat
ient
l
i
vingwi
thal
ongl
i
fesi
ckness.Forexampl
ecancer
,AI
DSt
oendhi
s/herl
i
fei
npeace
i
nst
eadofcont
inui
ngsuf
fer
ingt
oomuch. Theact
ionmaybedonebyt
hedoct
ors
wi
tht
her
equestoft
hepat
ienthi
m/her
sel
forar
equestf
rom t
heper
soncar
ingaf
ter
t
hepat
ient
.

WHYEUTHANASI
AISCARRI
EDOUT

 Thei
ncr
easedl
evelofsuf
fer
ingwhi
chapat
ientmayget
/mayf
orcehi
m/hert
orequest
f
ort
ermi
nat
ionofhi
s/herl
i
febyt
hedoct
or.

 Fi
nanci
alconst
rai
ntsmaycauseapat
ient
’scar
etakert
ogof
oreut
hanasi
aforsuch
di
seasesl
i
keT.
B,AI
Ds,
ast
hma,
lungcancerwhi
chneedal
otoff
inancesf
oronet
obe
t
reat
ed.

 Theneedt
osav
eti
memaycausecar
etakert
orequestt
hedoct
orst
ocar
ryout
eut
hanasi
asucht
hatt
heysav
eti
met
odoot
herbusi
nessaf
ternot
ici
ngt
hatt
hesi
ck
maynotr
ecov
er.

 Thei
nter
estoft
hepat
ientmayal
sodet
ermi
necar
ryi
ngoutEut
hanasi
a.Forexampl
ein
somecount
ri
esl
i
keUSA t
heyhav
ewhati
scal
l
edal
i
vingwi
l
lwher
ebyt
heywoul
d
demandadoct
ornott
oputt
hem onl
i
fesuppor
tsy
stem i
ncaset
heyar
eter
minal
l
yil
l
.

 Thedi
stancet
hepat
ientandcar
etaker
smov
etor
eacht
heheal
thcent
rei
naddi
ti
ont
o
t
het
ermi
nali
l
lnessmayannoyt
hesi
ckort
hecar
etaker
sandhenceoneoft
hem i
s
r
equest
edf
oreut
hanasi
atosav
eti
me.

 Theabsenceofpr
opercar
ecanal
sol
eadt
oeut
hanasi
aormedi
cat
ioni
ncasenehas
f
ail
edt
obui
l
dpr
opert
reat
mentormedi
cat
ioni
stooexpensi
vet
omai
ntai
npr
operl
i
fe.
Thent
hesi
ckmayendupi
ntor
equest
ingf
oragent
ledeat
h.
`
 Mer
cyki
l
li
ngsomet
imesoccur
stosol
dier
satwari
nasi
tuat
ionwher
eoneoft
he
sol
dier
shasbeenhi
nder
edandcan’
tmov
eonf
astwi
thot
her
sinor
dert
oav
oid
r
eveal
i
ngsecr
etsf
rom t
heopponent
sthecommandermayki
l
lhi
m compl
etel
y.

 I
nasi
tuat
ionwher
eoneoft
het
hiev
esmaybecapt
uredbypol
i
cet
hecol
l
eaguesmay
deci
det
oki
l
lhi
minst
eadofgi
vi
ngouti
nfor
mat
iont
otheaut
hor
it
yconcer
ningt
he
escapes.

CHRI
STI
ANTEACHI
NGABOUTEUTHANASI
A

 I
tisasi
nbef
oreGodbecausei
tinv
olv
eski
l
li
ngwhi
chmani
sn’
tsupposedt
odo.

 A per
sonwhopl
annedt
ocar
ryoutt
heactshoul
dsi
mpl
ypr
ayt
oGodi
fhe/
shes
under
goi
ngser
iousf
ait
h. Godmaysav
ehi
m/heri
nst
eadoft
ermi
nat
ingl
i
fe.

 Chr
ist
iani
tyopposest
hei
deabasi
ngont
het
eachi
ngi
nGen1:
28t
hatpr
oducemul
ti
ply
andf
il
ltheear
thwher
east
heacti
sdeny
ingt
hatr
esponsi
bil
i
ty.

 St
il
lChr
ist
iansopposet
heactofgr
oundst
hatmedi
caldoct
orsar
esupposedt
o
pr
eser
veaspert
hei
roat
htheyt
akebef
oreatt
het
imeofconf
ir
mat
ion.

 Chr
ist
iansdi
sli
ket
heactofmer
cyki
l
li
ngbasi
ngt
hei
rar
gumentont
hebookofPsal
ms
whi
chencour
agebel
i
ever
sthati
nwhat
eversuf
fer
ingt
heyunder
goshoul
dremai
n
r
epent
antandpr
ayer
ful
butnott
oki
l
lthemsel
ves.

 AChr
ist
iani
ssupposedt
ofol
l
owt
heexampl
esJesusChr
istendur
edal
otofsuf
fer
ing
butnev
ert
ermi
nat
edhi
mli
keunt
ili
treachedhi
slasthour
.(Mar
k15:
3ff
)

 Doct
orsar
ecal
l
eduponbyChr
ist
ianst
oappl
ywi
sdom whendeal
i
ngwi
thpat
ient
s
whi
chwi
sdom i
sgi
vent
hroughseeki
ngGod. (
James3:
12)

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dadv
isedoct
orst
oav
oidbei
ngmoneymi
ndedwhi
chcancauset
hem
acceptcar
ryi
ngoutmer
cyki
l
li
ngl
ooki
ngf
ormoney
.

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dpr
eser
veandr
espectt
hei
mageofGodi
nwhi
cht
heywer
efor
med
butdeci
dingt
odi
eunder
mini
ngGod’
simage.

 I
tteaches agai
nstmer
cyki
l
li
ng emphasi
zi
ng t
he use fpr
eser
ving human r
ight
s
i
ncl
udi
ngr
ightt
oli
fe.

LEGALETHI
CS(
LAWYERS)

Thi
sisconcer
ningwi
tht
hepr
inci
plest
hatgov
ernsj
udgesorl
awy
ersatwor
k.They
`
i
ncl
udet
hef
oll
owi
ng;

 Aj
udgeshoul
dnev
erbecor
rupt
.Thati
stosay
,notaccept
ingbr
ibesev
eni
fpr
omi
sed
pr
omot
ionsbecauseabr
ibemaymakehi
m/herabi
asedj
udge.

 Heshoul
dtakehi
sjudgmentbasi
ngonav
ail
abl
eev
idenceandwhatt
hel
awr
equi
res.

 Heshoul
dhav
ecommandr
easonabl
eaut
hor
it
ytoj
udgewi
thoutbei
ngi
nti
midat
edor
i
nfl
uencedbyany
bodyasi
de.

 Aj
udgeshoul
dhav
ereasonabl
equal
i
ficat
ionsi
nthel
awst
udi
es.

 Aj
udgeshoul
duset
hebestandsaf
estway
sofbr
ingi
ngcaseswi
thoutusi
ngany
f
orger
y.

 He/
sheshoul
dbei
mpar
ti
al.Thati
stosay
,judgi
ngcasesnotbasi
ngonsex,r
ank,
weal
th,
appear
anceandmanyot
her
s

 Heshoul
dadmi
tfal
sedocument
s/admi
tfal
sewi
tnessesast
heywayofwi
nni
ngt
he
case.

 Thel
awy
ershoul
dn’
tint
imi
dat
ethecl
i
ent
s.

 Heshoul
dpr
eser
vesecr
etsoft
hecust
omer
sespeci
all
ywheni
nvest
igat
ionsar
est
il
l
goi
ngon.

 Judgesshoul
dlookatoneanot
herascompl
ement
sinot
herwor
dsco-
wor
ker
sbutnot
compet
it
orsorenemi
es.

 Aj
udgeshoul
dbeexpect
edt
ofol
l
owt
hecor
rectl
egalpr
ocedur
es.Thati
stosay
,not
conv
ict
ingaper
sonunt
ilpr
ovedgui
l
ty.

 Aj
udgeshoul
dav
oidact
ingemot
ional
l
ybecauset
hismaymakehi
mtakeabi
ased
j
udgment
.

 Aj
udgeshoul
dn’
thandl
ecasesundert
hei
nfl
uenceofi
ntoxi
cdr
ugs.Thati
stosay
,
cocai
ne,
mar
ij
uana,
kuberandmanyot
her
s

HOW JUDGES/
LAWYERSVI
OLATETHEI
RETHI
CS
`
 Somel
awy
erspul
loutoft
hecasesbecauset
heydev
elopemot
ionalf
eel
i
ngt
owar
ds
t
heaccused. Theydon’
twantt
oconv
ictherf
ort
hatmat
terev
enwhent
hecasei
s
agai
nsther
.

 Manyj
udgest
heseday
sar
ecor
ruptwher
ebyt
heaccusedorcl
i
ent
sgi
vet
hem some
moneyt
ofav
ourt
hem i
nthecour
tsofl
awpr
oceedi
ngs.

 Thej
udgeswhoar
eknownt
oint
imi
dat
epeopl
ewhoar
eincour
tsofl
awf
orci
ngt
hem
t
oacceptadef
eatev
enwhent
heywoul
dbei
nnocent
.

 Ther
ear
esomej
udgeswhosetupf
ir
msorbusi
nessesusi
ngot
herpeopl
e’
spaper
s.
I
not
herwor
dst
heyar
enotf
ull
yqual
i
fiedi
nthatsi
tuat
ion.

 Somej
udgesdi
stancet
hemsel
vesf
rom t
hepubl
i
ccl
aimi
ngt
heyar
esospeci
al.

 Tosomej
udgest
heyt
akeadeci
sionbef
orecol
l
ect
ingr
easonabl
eev
idencer
equi
redt
o
gi
vef
inal
judgment
.

 Manyj
udgest
odayexposet
hesecr
etsofaccusedev
enbef
oret
heact
ualt
imeneeded
comes.

 I
nst
eadofconsul
ti
ngoneanot
herf
orawel
l
-bei
ngoft
hei
rbusi
nesses,t
heyt
endt
o
compet
eamongt
hemsel
vesev
ensmal
li
ssues.

 Ther
ear
esomel
awy
erswhodon’
tbot
heranddeci
det
ocomet
othecour
tofl
awwhi
l
e
dr
unkar
d.

 Someot
herl
awy
ersorj
udgesdonotf
oll
owt
hel
egalpr
ocedur
esoff
ir
stexami
ningt
he
casebef
oret
aki
ngf
inal
deci
sions.

THECHRI
STI
ANRELI
GIOUSETHI
CS

Thecodesofconductf
orChr
ist
iansespeci
all
yfort
hechur
chl
eader
sar
ebasedont
he
bi
blet
eachi
ngaboutt
hemor
ali
tyofChr
ist
ianst
her
efor
eaChr
ist
inaet
hicsconst
it
ute
t
hef
oll
owi
ng;

 Theyshoul
dobeyGod’
scommandment
satal
lti
mesi
nor
dert
oremai
nhol
y.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dnotbegr
eedyf
ormat
eri
alweal
thbecauseev
ent
hebi
blesay
ssuch
weal
thv
ani
shesanyt
imeasaccor
dingt
oJames’
teachi
ng.

 Theyshoul
dwor
shi
ponet
rueGod;
lov
ehi
m wi
thal
lthei
rhear
ts.
`
 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dav
oidbei
ngi
nvol
vedi
nact
sofcor
rupt
ionandbr
iber
yast
heyar
eun
Godl
ybehav
iour
s.

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dnev
erbedi
scr
imi
nat
ivei
nli
kebuti
nst
eadt
reatal
lthepeopl
eequal
l
y
ascl
ear
ly.

 TheChr
ist
iansshoul
dav
oidbear
ingf
alsewi
tnessorgossi
pingf
alsel
y.

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dnev
erhel
pot
herpeopl
etakescasest
ocour
tsofl
aw i
nst
eadhe
shoul
dbef
orgi
vi
ng.

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dnotcommi
tsetabusewhi
chdi
sgr
aceGod’
simage.Forexampl
e
adul
ter
y,f
orni
cat
ion,
prost
it
uti
onandmanyot
her
s

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dusehi
sconsci
encebasedont
hegui
danceoft
heHol
ySpi
ri
ttomake
ort
akepr
operdeci
sionsorchoi
ces.

 AChr
ist
iani
sobl
i
gedtl
i
veapr
ayer
ful
li
fef
orot
herpeopl
e’
simageandi
deas.

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dacr
efort
heneedyl
i
ket
hewi
dows,or
phansj
ustasJesuscar
edf
or
t
hem.

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dfi
ghtl
azi
nessandbehar
dwor
kingl
i
keGodast
hebi
blecondemns
l
azi
ness.

AWAGE

A wagei
sapay
mentmadef
orl
abourasaf
act
oropr
oduct
ionf
oener
gy/
ment
al
abi
l
iti
esandser
vicesr
ender
edi
nthepr
oduct
ionpr
ocess.

Fact
orsI
nfl
uenci
ngWagePay
ment

 Costofl
i
ving

 Educat
ionl
evel
s.Forexampl
econsul
tantdoct
orsgethi
gherwages.

 Wor
kingper
iod

 Exper
ience

 Benef
it
sli
kehousi
ngal
l
owances,
transpor
tal
l
owances

 Tal
ent

 Abi
l
ity
.Thati
stosay
,fi
nanci
alposi
ti
onofanempl
oyer
.
`
 Unempl
oymentl
evel
sint
hecount
ry. I
ftheunempl
oymentl
evel
sint
hecount
ryar
e
hi
ghi
tishar
dtogethi
ghwages.

 Legi
slat
ion.Thati
stosay
,themi
nimum wagepol
i
cyi
nthecount
ry.

 Locat
ionofdut
y

 Thet
ypeofj
ob

 Ef
fi
ciency

 I
nfl
uenceoft
radeuni
ons

 Mobi
l
ity

JUSTWAGE

Aj
ustwagei
sthel
evelofpay
mentmadet
oawor
kert
hatcanenabl
ehi
m orhert
o
mai
ntai
nhi
sorherf
ami
l
yinaf
airandadequat
emanner
.

Bi
bleTeachi
ngAboutWages

 ThebookofLev
i19:
13,
teachest
hatwagesofwor
ker
smustbepai
dont
hesameday
.

 ThegospelofLuke10:
7say
swagesofwor
ker
smustbef
airt
oenabl
ehi
m meethi
s
f
ami
l
yobl
i
gat
ions.

 ThebookofCol
ossi
ans4:
1teachest
hatempl
oyer
sshoul
dbej
ustt
oempl
oyees.

 Mat
hew20t
eacheswor
ker
sshoul
dmakecont
ract
swi
thempl
oyer
s.

 Expl
oit
ati
onofwor
ker
siscondemnedi
nExodus1.

 Pr
ophetJer
emi
ah22:
13,t
eachesaboutdoom awai
ti
ngamast
erwhobui
l
dshi
shouse
byi
njust
iceanddi
shonest
y.

 ThebookofDuet24:
14-
15,cheat
ingt
hepoorandneedyser
vant
swascondemnedby
Moses.

 ThebookofAmos4di
scour
agessoci
ali
njust
icei
nvol
vi
ngt
her
ichgr
abbi
ngpoor
peopl
e’
spr
oper
ty.

 Duet15:
13-
14,t
eachesMosesdi
scour
agi
ngsl
aveowner
stosendt
hem awayempt
y
handed.

 1Cor
int
hians9,Pault
eachest
hatawor
kerhasar
ightt
ofoodanddr
inkaf
terf
ulf
il
li
ng
`
hi
sdut
y.

I
NFLATI
ONANDHOW I
THASI
NFLUENCEDTHEETHI
CSOFWORKERS

I
nfl
ati
onistheper
sist
entincreaseinthegener
alpr
icelev
elsofgoodsandservi
cesin
t
hecountry
. Duet oincreasedinfl
ati
on,theworker
shav ebeeninf
luencedi
nt he
f
oll
owingways;
Posi
ti
vel
y
 Par
tti
ming
 Pr
omot
ionoft
alent

 Under
taki
ng pr
ofessi
onaldev
elopment
s.Forexampl
ewr
it
ing bookst
o ear
n ext
ra
money
.

 Fur
therst
udi
esi
nor
dert
oimpr
oveont
hei
rsal
aryl
evel
s.

 Secur
it
yloans

 Car
youtcashpool
s(sav
ingschemes)

 Hi
repur
chase.Thati
stosay
,buyi
temsoncr
edi
t.

 Est
abl
i
shi
ngpr
oject
sli
kepi
gger
yfar
ms.

 Reduct
ionofexpendi
tur
e

Negat
ivel
y

 Cor
rupt
ioni
nof
fi
cesespeci
all
yinpol
i
ce.

 Expl
oit
ati
onofwor
ker
sli
kegi
vi
ngt
hem muchwor
kbutl
i
ttl
epay
.

 I
ndecencyhasi
ncr
easedi
ncl
udi
ngsexual
immor
ali
tyl
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
on.

 Pr
ohi
bit
iononsomei
mpor
ts.

 Abor
ti
on

 Reckl
essness.Forexampl
eov
erpacki
ngpassenger
sandf
ast
/hi
ghdr
ivi
ng.

 Dr
unkar
dness

 Ghostempl
oyees

 I
ncr
easei
ncount
erf
eit
s.Forexampl
efakemoney

 Hi
ghuseofsecondcl
assi
temsl
i
kecl
othes
`
 Cheat
ingl
i
ket
hel
awenf
orcementof
fi
cer
ssuchasKCCA

 Negl
i
genceoff
ami
l
yobl
i
gat
ionsl
i
kepay
ingschool
fees.

 Negl
i
genceofGod

 Fai
l
ureoft
hegov
ernmentt
oof
feressent
ial
stoal
lpeopl
e.Forexampl
eel
ect
ri
cit
y,
wat
er,
medi
cat
ionandot
her
s

Howshoul
daChr
ist
ianbehav
ewhenf
acedwi
thhar
deconomy
?

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dpr
eser
vel
i
keChr
ist(
Luke2:
7)

 Bei
ngpr
ayer
fulcopy
ingt
heexampl
eofj
obwhoseweal
thwast
akenbuther
emai
ned
f
ait
hful
andpr
ayer
ful
.

 Har
dwor
k,Pr
over
bs10:
4say
sbei
ngl
azywi
l
lmakey
oupoorbuthar
dwor
kwi
l
lmake
y
our
ich.

 St
icki
ngt
oGod. Mat
hew6:
24say
s“y
oucannotser
veGodandmoney
”.

 Remai
ninghopef
ulev
enwhenf
acedwi
thchal
l
engesl
i
kesuf
fer
ing(
Rom …)

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
djoi
ntr
adeuni
ons.

 Takel
oanst
oimpr
ovehi
sorherwel
l
-bei
ngofcr
yingofpov
ert
y.

 Engagi
ngi
npar
tti
mej
obs.Thati
stosay
,Act
s18:
3

 Dev
elopmentoft
alent

 Maki
ngdonat
ionst
otheneedyl
i
keEl
i
jahhel
pedt
hewi
dowofZar
eth(
1Ki
ngs17:
8)

WHYSHOULDACHRI
STI
ANWORKI
NANI
MMORALSOCI
ETY?

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dwor
kinani
mmor
alsoci
etybecausehehast
oactasanexampl
eso
ast
ochanget
hem f
rom t
hei
rsi
nful
ness.

 Chr
istcamef
ort
hesi
nner
sandi
mmor
alsoci
eti
es.

 Thesoci
etyi
sent
ir
elyi
mmor
al;
thi
scal
l
sforChr
ist
ianst
owor
kther
etoshowt
hem t
he
r
ightpat
h.

 Wor
kisani
nst
ruct
ionf
rom Godasgi
vent
oAdam andEv
e.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dwor
kforsur
viv
al.Thati
stosay
,toear
nal
i
vingev
eni
fthesoci
etyi
s
i
mmor
al.
`
 I
tist
hroughwor
kthatf
ell
owshi
pamongChr
ist
iansi
sat
tai
ned.

 Goodr
elat
ionshi
pisi
nit
iat
edt
hroughwor
kev
ent
houghi
tmi
ghtbeani
mmor
alsoci
ety
.

 Wor
kisabl
essi
ngf
rom Godwhi
chmanhast
ocar
ryoutev
enamongt
hei
mmor
al
peopl
e.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dwor
kint
hei
mmor
alsoci
eti
essoast
ofi
ghtagai
nsti
mmor
ali
ti
esl
i
ke
cor
rupt
ion/
prost
it
uti
onanddr
ugabuse.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dwor
kinani
mmor
alsoci
etyi
nor
dert
ochanget
hesoci
etyf
rom bad
t
ogood.

Underwhatcondi
ti
onsshoul
daChr
ist
ianav
oidf
rom wor
kingi
nani
mmor
alsoci
ety
?

 I
fthewokmayaf
fecthi
sfai
th.Forexampl
ewor
kingi
nabar
.

 I
ncaset
hewor
kreducest
heper
sonal
i
tyofhumani
tyandt
otal
i
ty.Thati
stosay
,
t
ort
uri
ngt
odeat
h.

 Anywor
kwhi
chi
sdanger
oust
oone’
sheal
thandt
othenei
ghbour
s.Forexampl
e
wor
kingi
naci
gar
ett
eindust
rywhi
chcancausecancerl
eadi
ngt
odeat
h.

 A Chr
ist
ianshoul
dav
oid wor
kingi
nani
mmor
alsoci
etywher
ether
eisgambl
i
ng
becauset
hebi
blesay
s“manshal
leatf
rom hi
ssweat
”.

 A ki
ndofj
obwhi
chpr
omot
escor
rupt
ionandbr
iber
yshoul
dal
sobeav
oided.For
exampl
efor
cedl
abourandunderpay
ment
.

 Cont
radi
cti
ngwi
thChr
ist
iancodeofconduct
.Forexampl
ewi
tchcr
aft
.

 Wor
kthatbl
ocksaChr
ist
ianf
rom of
fer
ingpr
ayer
stoGod.Forexampl
ebei
ngasecur
it
y
guar
d.

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dav
oidwor
kingi
nasoci
etywher
ewor
kisv
iol
entandaggr
essi
vei
n
nat
ureandchar
act
er.Thati
stosay
,nocompr
omi
set
oempl
oyeesev
enwhent
hey
compl
ain.

 Ani
mmor
alsoci
etywher
epeopl
econt
inuesi
nni
ngwi
thnosi
gnofr
epent
ance.For
exampl
edr
ugabuse,
useofv
ulgarl
anguage

TRADEUNI
ONS
`
Thesear
edemocr
ati
c,f
reel
ycr
eat
edor
gani
zat
ionsbr
ingi
ngt
oget
herwor
ker
sfr
om a
gi
ven pr
ofessi
on t
o bar
gai
n ef
fect
ivel
yforhi
gherpay and i
mpr
oved t
erms and
condi
ti
onsofser
vicesf
rom t
hei
rempl
oyer
s.Forexampl
eteacher
s’Uni
on,doct
ors’
uni
onandmanyot
her
s

ACCOUNTFORTHEFORMATI
ONOFTRADEUNI
ONS

 Toadv
ocat
eforhi
gherpay
.

 Toadv
ocat
efori
mpr
ovedcondi
ti
onsofser
vicesf
orwor
ker
s.Forexampl
epr
otect
ing
t
hem,
prov
idi
nggl
ovesandgumboot
s.

 Topr
otectmember
sfr
om unf
airdi
smi
ssal
from t
hei
rjobs.

 Theyactasspokesmen,
speaki
ngonbehal
fofempl
oyer
s.

 Toeducat
ethemember
sofagi
venf
iel
dli
ket
eacher
sont
hei
rri
ght
sanddut
ies.

 Theyhel
ptopr
omot
eempl
oyer
sgoodr
elat
ionsbet
weenev
ent
heempl
oyees.

 Hel
ptogi
veadv
icet
othegov
ernmentoni
ssuesl
i
keeconomi
cpl
anni
ng,manpower
pol
i
cy.

 Per
suadet
hegov
ernmentt
opassmi
nimum wagel
egi
slat
ion.

 Or
gani
zer
egul
arwor
kshopsorsemi
nar
stohel
pmember
stobeequi
ppedwi
thnew
i
deasf
orgr
eat
eref
fi
ciency
.

 Theyhel
ptol
ookf
orj
obsf
ormember
swhomayhav
ebeenl
aidof
f.

WHATTOOLSAREUSEDBYTRADEUNI
ONSTOACHI
EVETHEI
ROBJECTI
VES?

 Col
l
ect
ivebar
gai
ning,
her
ewor
ker
sbar
gai
nwi
tht
hei
rempl
oyer
stoi
ncr
easet
hei
rsal
ary
unt
ilanequi
l
ibr
ium i
sachi
eved.

 Medi
ati
on,
undert
hist
heempl
oyerandt
heempl
oyeemaydi
scusst
hei
ssuesundert
he
gui
danceofsomemedi
ator
swhomaybel
awy
ers.

 Ar
bit
rat
ionmaybeused,
int
hiscaset
heempl
oyeeasendt
heempl
oyert
oani
ndust
ri
al
cour
tsucht
hatj
udgmenti
spr
onouncedt
othemast
er.

 Si
tdownst
ri
kei
sappl
i
edbywor
ker
sast
heyr
eacht
hedut
yst
ati
on;
theyj
ustsi
tar
ound
conv
ersi
ngwi
thnowor
kdone.

 Sl
ow down t
ooli
sused bywor
ker
stor
educet
hespeed ofdoi
ng act
ivi
ti
esand
`
pr
oduct
ionl
ower
s.

 Pr
oductboy
cot
t. Thi
siswher
etheempl
oyer
sper
suadet
hecommuni
tynott
ouse
pr
oduct
soft
hecommuni
ty.

 Medi
awar
s,i
nthi
scasewor
ker
staket
hei
rcaset
othegener
alpubl
i
c.Thati
stosay
,
r
adi
o,TVandnewspaper
sforot
herpeopl
etogi
vev
iews.

 Pi
cket
ing,i
tinv
olv
essomeempl
oyeeswhoar
edi
sgr
unt
ledget
ti
ngagangofst
rong
peopl
esomeandst
opcol
l
eagueswhohav
econt
inuedwi
thwor
kdur
ingper
iodsof
wor
king.

 St
ri
ki
ng and sabot
age(
mal
i
cious)damaget
o companypr
oper
tyl
i
kebui
l
ding and
machi
nes.

ACCOUNTFORTHEOCCURRENCEOFSTRI
KES

 Someempl
oyer
sar
eadamant
.Thati
stosay
,theyf
ailt
oappearandt
alkt
othei
r
wor
ker
swhencal
l
edf
orapr
obl
em.

 I
nadequat
esecur
it
yatwor
kpl
acesmaymakewor
ker
stost
ri
ke.Forexampl
ewor
ker
s
maydemandf
orsaf
etyoft
hei
rcar
saf
terr
eal
i
zingt
hatsomepeopl
ear
elosi
ngt
hings
l
i
kesi
demi
rr
orsorl
apt
opsl
efti
nthei
rcar
s.

 Thef
ail
ureofsomeempl
oyer
stoi
mpl
ementpol
i
ciesort
ermsandcondi
ti
onsagr
eed
upon wi
tht
he empl
oyermaymake some empl
oyees t
o st
ri
ke.Fori
nst
ance an
empl
oyerf
ail
i
ngt
opayt
ranspor
torhousi
ngal
l
owancewhi
chwasagr
eeduponwi
tht
he
empl
oyees.

 Pooradmi
nist
rat
ivepol
i
ciesmaycauseast
ri
ke. Fori
nst
anceanempl
oyerbei
ngt
oo
har
shorr
educi
ngt
hewor
ker
s’sal
aryorwagef
oranymi
normi
stakemade.

 Uncommuni
cat
edr
etr
enchment
/ret
aini
ngofwor
ker
smayl
eadt
oast
ri
ke.I
nsome
compani
est
heempl
oyer
slayof
fempl
oyeeswi
thoutanywar
ningwhi
chancauset
he
empl
oyeest
oor
gani
zeast
ri
ke.

 Poorf
eedi
nghabi
tdoal
socausest
ri
kesi
nsomeor
gani
zat
ions. Somewor
ker
sli
ke
t
eacher
smaybef
adeupofbei
ngf
edononl
yPoshoandbeansandt
her
efor
edeci
det
o
st
ri
kebynott
aki
ngl
unchunt
ilt
her
eisachangei
nthemeal
.

 Somet
imesst
ri
kesoccurbecauseoft
heempl
oyer
’sf
ail
uret
opr
ovi
det
her
equi
red
`
equi
pment
sorgadget
sneededf
orsmoot
hcar
ryi
ngoutofwor
k.Forexampl
egl
oves,
gumboot
sandmanyot
her
s

 Ther
isi
ngcost
sofl
i
vingnotcompar
abl
ewi
tht
hesal
aryear
nedcancausewor
ker
sto
demonst
rat
eai
mingatsal
aryi
ncr
ement
.

WHATARETHEWEAKNESSESOFSTRI
KESI
NSOLVI
NGTHECONFLI
CTSBETWEEN
EMPLOYERSANDEMPLOYEES?

 Somel
eader
sofst
ri
kesmayhav
eper
sonalambi
ti
onsandaf
terachi
evi
ngt
hem,t
hey
donothel
pot
her
s. Fori
nst
ancesomest
ri
ket
ogetpol
i
ticalf
ameandl
aterar
e
appoi
ntedasl
eader
swhi
l
ether
estr
emai
nun-
hel
ped.

 St
ri
keshav
eresul
tedi
ntoar
rest
sandi
mpr
isonmentofsuspect
ssomeofwhom ar
e
ev
eni
nnocent
.

 St
ri
keshav
ecauseddi
vi
sionsamongwor
ker
sespeci
all
yifsomest
ri
keandr
efuset
o
j
oini
nfori
nst
ancet
het
axdr
iver
stendt
ohav
esuchmi
sunder
standi
ngsandendup
st
ri
ki
ngi
ngr
oups.

 Theyhav
eledt
odest
ruct
ionofpr
oper
tyofor
gani
zat
ions.Forexampl
ecar
s,wi
ndow
gl
asses,
comput
ersandmanyot
her
s

 Somest
ri
keshav
eendedupi
ntosomepeopl
elosi
ngt
hei
rjobsbecausei
ftheyar
e
pi
npoi
ntedast
her
ingl
eader
s,t
heempl
oyerdi
smi
ssest
hem.

 Somest
ri
kesscar
einv
est
orswhowoul
dbr
ingi
nmoneyi
ntot
hecount
ryhencet
he
count
ryl
osesf
orei
gnexchange.

 St
ri
kescausesuf
fer
ingassomepeopl
eloset
hei
rli
veswhi
l
eot
her
sremai
nlamef
or
l
i
fewhi
chwasn’
tthemai
nint
ent
ionoft
hest
ri
kes.

 Manyst
ri
kesendupi
ntohat
rednotonl
ybet
weent
hewor
ker
sandempl
oyer
sbutal
so
amongt
heempl
oyeest
hemsel
vesbecausesomemayr
efuset
ojoi
not
her
sint
he
demonst
rat
ions.

 St
ri
kesmaymaket
hegov
ernmenti
n powerl
oosepopul
ari
tyand hencemaybe
ov
ert
hrown.

 St
ri
kesmayl
eadt
oscar
cit
yofcommodi
ti
esi
nthear
ea/count
ry. Fori
nst
ancet
her
e
mi
ghtbescar
cit
yandi
ncr
ementofsugarpr
icebecauseofst
ri
kesofwor
ker
sin
`
f
act
ori
esl
i
keLugazi
andKaki
rasugarwor
kswhi
chgener
all
ysuppl
ysugari
nUganda.

 Thegov
ernmentexpendi
tur
etendst
ogohi
ghwhenst
ri
kesoccur
. Thi
siscommonor
possi
blei
fthest
ri
kewascar
ri
edoutbypeopl
ewhopr
oducedessent
ialcommodi
ti
es
l
i
kesugar
,soap,
andwat
erandel
ect
ri
cit
yandmanyot
her
s

 Manyst
ri
keshav
eal
sor
esul
tedi
ntodomest
icv
iol
enceanddi
vor
ce.Somepeopl
eaf
ter
l
oosi
ngt
hei
rjobs,putt
hei
rangert
owar
dst
hef
ami
l
ymemberwi
ves,mi
str
eatt
hem.
Thi
smaycausedi
vor
ce.

ASACHRI
STI
AN,
HOW FARSHOULDYOUSUPPORTASTRI
KE?

To al
argerext
ent
,Chr
ist
iansshoul
d notsuppor
tst
ri
kesbasi
ng ont
hef
oll
owi
ng
r
easons;

 Chr
ist
iani
tycal
l
sforpat
iencel
i
keJobhad. Ther
efor
eaChr
ist
ianwor
kerf
acedwi
tha
chal
l
engeatwor
kpl
acel
i
kel
ow pay
mentshoul
dremai
npat
ientbutkeepdemandi
ng
f
orani
ncr
ement
.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dnotsuppor
tst
ri
kebecauset
heyl
eadt
odeat
hofsomepeopl
eyett
he
bi
blei
nthebookofDeutcommandsChr
ist
ianst
opr
eser
vehumanl
i
fe.

 St
ri
kessomet
imesl
eadt
osuf
fer
ingl
i
keonemaybr
eakpar
toft
hebodyorr
emai
nwi
th
i
njur
ies (
wounds)y
etChr
ist
iani
ty encour
ages f
orgi
veness and r
econci
l
iat
ion of
wor
ryi
ngpar
ti
es.

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dnotsuppor
tast
ri
kebecausesomet
imesst
ri
kesl
eadt
oar
restof
i
nnocentpeopl
eofGod.

 AsaChr
ist
ianIwoul
dnotsuppor
tast
ri
kebecausei
tleadst
odest
ruct
ionofpr
oper
ty
whi
chi
sagai
nstGod’
scommandi
nGen1:
28whi
chcommandedmant
opr
oduce
mul
ti
plyandsubduet
heear
th.

 AsaChr
ist
ianIwoul
dnotsuppor
tast
ri
kebecauseChr
ist
iani
tyt
eachesust
oli
ve
exempl
aryl
i
fel
i
keJesusf
acedal
otofchal
l
engesbutnev
erst
ri
ked.

 AsaChr
ist
ianIwoul
dnotsuppor
tast
ri
kebecauser
eli
giondoesnotsuppor
tvi
olence.

 AsaChr
ist
ianIwoul
dnotsuppor
tast
ri
kei
fitbasedonone’
sper
sonalambi
ti
onsl
i
ke
t
arget
ingt
ogetapol
i
tical
off
ice.

 AsaChr
ist
ianIwoul
dnotsuppor
tast
ri
kebecausei
t’
sagai
nstt
heChr
ist
iant
eachi
ngi
n
`
t
hegospelofMat
hew26:
52. Her
eJesuscommandedpeopl
etoputbackt
heswor
d
t
oav
oiddoi
ngwi
thaswor
d.

 AsaChr
ist
ianIwoul
dnotsuppor
tast
ri
kebecausei
tinv
olv
esal
otofi
mmor
ali
ty
somet
imes.Forexampl
ethef
t,r
ape,
def
il
ementandmanyot
her
s

Howev
er,t
oasmal
lerext
entasaChr
ist
ianIwoul
dsuppor
tast
ri
keduet
othe
f
oll
owi
ngr
easons;

 I
ncaseIam f
ight
ingf
ormyhumanr
ight
sli
kef
reedom ofwor
shi
panddeni
ali
npol
i
tics.

 Iwoul
dal
soj
oinast
ri
kei
ncaset
heent
repr
eneurhasbecomeadamantt
omyr
equest
f
orexampl
esal
aryi
ncr
ement
.

 Iwoul
dsuppor
tast
ri
kei
fiti
saboutdemandf
orbet
terheal
thser
vicest
othewor
ker
s
ort
othegener
alpubl
i
c.

 AsaChr
ist
ianIwoul
dal
sosuppor
tast
ri
kei
ncaseodel
ayedpay
mentt
oanysal
ary
coupl
edwi
thnocl
earcommuni
cat
ionf
rom t
heempl
oyer
.

 I
ncaset
her
eispoorsecur
it
y,whi
chmaycausel
ossofper
sonalpr
oper
tyl
i
kephones,
car
s,t
henIwoul
dal
sosuppor
tast
ri
kesot
hatt
heempl
oyert
ight
enssecur
it
y.

 Poorf
eedi
ngmayal
somakemeasaChr
ist
ianj
oinast
ri
ke.

 As a Chr
ist
ian,Iwoul
djoi
n a st
ri
ke i
ncase t
he gov
ernmenti
n powerbecomes
di
ctat
ori
alandf
ail
stocat
erf
oressent
ial
needsoft
hepeopl
eli
kegoodr
oads,
hospi
tal
s,
wat
erandmanyot
her
s

 AsaChr
ist
ian,Iwoul
dal
soj
oinast
ri
kei
ncaseoff
ail
ureoft
heempl
oyert
oof
fer
cont
racty
ethedi
smi
sseswor
ker
sabr
upt
lywi
thnocl
earwar
nings.

HOW FARHASMODERNTECHNOLOGYAFFECTEDPEOPLE’
SWORKI
NGHABI
T

Technol
ogyi
stheadv
ancedsci
ent
if
icuseofmachi
nest
odowor
k.

Toal
argerext
ent
,technol
ogyhasaf
fect
edwor
kinghabi
tsi
nthef
oll
owi
ngway
s;

 Ef
fi
ciency
/speed.Forexampl
ecomput
ers

 St
andar
diz
edpr
oduct
swi
thcl
earl
abel
s.

 Reducedbur
denofl
oadi
ngof
f-l
oadi
ngofcar
go.

 Easyspr
eadofi
nfor
mat
ion.
`
 I
mpr
ovedl
evel
ofpr
oduct
ion

 Expansi
onofmar
ketbase

 Joyatwor
k.Forexampl
epr
esent
ersatr
adi
oorTVs

 Qual
i
tyout
put

 Pr
oduct
ionofgoodmedi
cine

 Resear
chsi
mpl
i
fied

Toasmal
l
erext
entt
echnol
ogyhasnegat
ivel
yaf
fect
edt
hepeopl
e’swor
kinghabi
t;

 Fr
aud.Thati
stosay
,somepeopl
erobecompanymoneyusi
ngf
akeATM.

 I
ndi
vi
dual
i
sm hasi
ncr
eased.Forexampl
esi
tt
ingonacomput
eral
one.Forexampl
e
bor
edom.

 Hi
ghcostofr
epai
rwhent
heybr
eakdown.Forexampl
eli
ft
s.

 I
tint
roduces/i
ncr
easescr
imesi
nthesoci
ety
.Forexampl
ethef
t

 Pr
oduct
ionofi
nfer
iorgoods/secondcl
assi
temssol
dbyt
hef
ir
stcl
assi
tems

 I
thasi
ncr
easedt
hegapbet
weent
her
ichandt
hepooral
otwhent
hei
rtechni
cal
machi
nesgetspoi
l
t.

 Pr
ivacyhasbeener
odedbyadv
ancedt
echnol
ogy
.Thati
stosay
,peopl
ear
eabl
etot
ap
pr
ivat
etal
ksofot
her
sbyuseofmachi
nesl
i
keCCTVcamer
as.

WHATCANCHRI
STI
ANSLEARNFROM JESUS’
TEACHI
NGABOUTWORK?

 Assi
stance.Thati
stosay
,heassi
stedhi
spar
entJosephi
ncar
pent
rywor
k.

 Chr
ist
ianscanl
ear
nal
lwor
kisdi
gni
fi
edbyGodandshoul
dnotbeunderr
ated.

 Chr
ist
iansl
ear
ntobei
npar
tner
shi
pwi
thot
her
satwor
k.Forexampl
eJesuschose12
di
sci
ples.

 Segr
egat
ionanddi
scr
imi
nat
ionatwor
kshoul
dbeav
oided.Forexampl
eJesusf
reel
y
associ
atedwi
tht
heJewsandGent
il
es.

 Thosei
nbi
gleader
shi
pshoul
drenderser
vicet
oot
her
sasJesuswashedt
hedi
sci
ples’
f
eet
.
`
 Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
ouset
hei
rspeci
algi
ft
stoassi
stt
heneedyl
i
keJesus
heal
edt
hesi
ck.Forexampl
ethebl
i
nd,
lameanddeaf
.

 Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
obest
rongev
enwhent
heyf
aceopposi
ti
onandbi
tt
erness
l
i
keChr
istf
acedt
het
eacher
soft
heJewi
shl
aw.

 Chr
ist
ianscanl
ear
ntoendur
esuf
fer
ing,cr
yingandt
empt
ati
onl
i
keChr
istdi
dwhenhe
accept
edt
odi
efornocauseorsi
ncommi
tt
ed.

 ForGod’
ski
ngdom shoul
dbegi
venf
ir
stpr
ior
it
ytomat
eri
alr
ewar
dsl
i
keChr
istsai
din
Mat
hew6:
24“
onecannotser
vet
womast
ersatago:
.

 Ourwor
kasChr
ist
iansshoul
dputGodf
ir
sti
nourmi
nd.Thati
stosay
,pr
aysal
way
s
bef
orewor
kjustl
i
keJesusal
way
spr
ayedwhi
l
eper
for
mingmi
racl
es.

 Chr
ist
ianscanl
ear
ntouset
hei
rtal
entf
ort
hei
rbenef
itandf
ort
hebenef
itofot
her
sas
Jesusemphasi
zedi
nMat
hew24:
13.

 Chr
ist
iansl
ear
nfr
om Jesus’wor
ktobehumbl
eandnott
obeboast
fulast
hesonsof
Zebedeewant
edt
obe(
Mar
k10:
25)

WORKI
SA‘
CURSE’AND‘
PUNI
SHMENT’
. DI
SCUSSFROM THECHRI
STI
ANPOI
NT
OFVI
EW.

Toal
argerext
entwor
kisabl
essi
ngi
nthef
oll
owi
ngway
s;

 Wor
kisacr
eat
iveact
ivi
tyofGodasnot
edi
nGen1and2whi
chaChr
ist
ianshoul
d
suppor
t.

 Godcommandedt
oco-
creat
ewhi
chmanhast
odoasasi
gnofbl
essi
ng.

 Thr
oughwor
kmanget
swhatt
oeatandsust
aint
hemsel
ves.

 Godmademani
nhi
sowni
mageandi
nst
ruct
edhi
mtosubduet
heear
th(
Gen1:
28)

 Wor
kisGod’
sgi
ftwher
emanf
indssat
isf
act
ion(
Eccl
3:13)

 Thr
oughwor
kmanf
ight
spov
ert
yandot
herev
il
scausedbyl
azi
nesscondemnedi
n
Pr
ov6:
11,
26:
13.

 Thr
oughwor
kmancr
eat
esf
ri
endshi
pwi
thot
her
sandl
ear
ntol
i
vei
nhar
monywi
th
`
t
hem.

 Mani
sregar
dedasensi
blebei
ngt
houghwor
k(Pr
ov10:
5)

 Mani
sdi
sti
ngui
shedf
rom t
her
estoft
hecr
eat
ionsbecauseofwor
k.

 Jesushi
msel
fwor
kedf
rom chi
l
dhoodt
othepoi
ntofhi
sdeat
hthuswor
kisabl
essi
ng
t
oChr
ist
ians.

 Paul
adv
isedChr
ist
ianst
owor
kinor
dert
oear
nal
i
vinghonest
ly(
1Thess4:
1ff
)

 Paul
alsoear
nedal
i
vingbywor
kingasat
entmaker
.

 Jesushi
msel
fencour
agedpeopl
etowor
kanduset
hei
rtal
ent
s(Mat24:
13f
f)

Howev
er,t
o a smal
lerext
entwor
kis a cur
se and puni
shmentbecause oft
he
f
oll
owi
ngev
il
sassoci
atedwi
thi
t;

 Godpuni
shedAdam andEv
eforeat
ingt
hef
orbi
ddenf
rui
t(Gen3)

 Godpuni
shedt
hebui
l
der
soft
het
owerofBabel
(Gen11)

 Mur
der

 Cor
rupt
ionandembezzl
ementoff
unds

 Cheat
ing

 Expl
oit
ati
onofwor
ker
sandmanyot
her
s

PRI
VATI
ZATI
ON

Thi
sref
erst
othe t
ransf
erofpubl
i
c asset
sfr
om di
rectgov
ernmentcont
rolor
owner
shi
ptot
he hands ofpr
ivat
e ent
repr
eneur
s. I
n ot
herwor
ds openi
ng up
capi
tal
i
sm

Adv
ant
agesofPr
ivat
izat
ion

 Ther
eismor
eef
fi
ciencyobt
ainedf
rom pr
ivat
eowner
shi
pofbusi
nesst
angov
ernment
owner
shi
p.Fori
nst
ancewhenUgandacommer
cial
bankwasownedbyt
hegov
ernment
,
i
tusedt
omakel
ossesbutnowunderSt
anbi
cbanki
tmakespr
ofi
ts.

 Pr
ivat
izat
ioni
mpr
ovest
hequal
i
tyofser
vicesr
ender
edbypr
ivat
eowner
s.Forexampl
e
t
het
ranspor
tsy
stem i
nUgandai
swel
lor
gani
zedt
hani
twoul
dbeundergov
ernment
cont
rol
.
`
 I
tcr
eat
esmor
ejobs.Thati
stosay
,somecol
l
apsedent
erpr
iseswhi
cht
hegov
ernment
sol
dtopr
ivat
eowner
shav
enow empl
oyedmor
elabour
erst
hanbef
ore.Forexampl
e
Kaki
ra sugarwor
ks whi
ch has empl
oyees mor
ethan 12,
000 wor
ker
sfr
om 550
l
abour
ers.

 Gov
ernmentexpendi
tur
eisr
educedl
i
kei
nbuy
ingnewbussest
ofaci
l
itat
etr
anspor
tfor
i
nst
ancei
nUgandapi
oneereasybuscompanyhasr
educedt
axbur
densi
ncent
ral
Kampal
aar
ea.

 I
tencour
agesdev
elopmentsi
ncev
erymanyi
nvest
orschannelt
hei
rmoneyi
npr
ofi
t
maki
ngbusi
nesses.Forexampl
eschool
s,t
ranspor
t,hospi
tal
s.

 I
tencour
agescompet
it
ionwhi
chi
sgoodf
ort
heeconomy
. Fori
nst
ancet
het
ele-
communi
cat
ionnet
wor
ksi
nUgandal
i
keWar
id,
MTN,
andUTLof
ferv
ary
ingsubsi
dest
o
t
hecust
omer
swhi
char
ebenef
ici
al.

 Pr
ivat
izat
ionhaswi
denedt
het
axbaseoft
hecount
ry.Thati
stosay
,thegov
ernment
col
l
ect
sal
otoft
axesf
rom pr
ivat
ebusi
nessesowner
soft
ranspor
tcompani
es,t
ele-
communi
cat
ionscompani
es,
school
s,hospi
tal
sandmanyot
her
s

 Pr
ivat
izat
ionenabl
esgov
ernmentt
obei
ngoodt
ermswi
thdonoragenci
esl
i
keWor
ld
Bank,
IMF.Thi
sisbecauset
heybor
rowl
ess.

 I
thel
pst
omi
nimi
zecor
rupt
ionandmi
smanagementofpubl
i
cfunds. Fori
nst
anceal
l
keyadmi
nist
rat
ivepost
sinLugaz
isugarf
act
oryar
eoccupi
edbyAsi
answhomanage
t
hecompanyandhav
emi
nimi
zedcor
rupt
ion.

 Pr
ivat
izat
ionhel
pst
oimpr
over
esour
ceut
il
izat
ionandgetr
idofexcesscapaci
tyi
n
el
ect
ri
cit
yboar
dhasl
edt
oconst
it
uti
onofsev
eralsmal
lpowerpl
ant
sandupgr
adet
he
capaci
tyofexi
sti
ngpowerf
aci
l
iti
esl
i
keatJi
njaandMut
undwe.

Di
sadv
ant
ages

 I
tmakesi
timpossi
blef
ort
hel
ocalpeopl
etobenef
itwel
lfr
om t
hei
rresour
ces. I
n
Uganda mostoft
he pr
ivat
e out
standi
ng owner
s ofbusi
ness ar
efor
eigner
s.For
exampl
etheownerofNi
l
eBr
ewer
ies,
cocacol
acompani
es,
Bri
ti
sht
obacco.

 Manyl
ocalpeopl
emayendupi
ntosuf
fer
ingofgr
eatpov
ert
y. Thi
sisbecausemuch
oft
hef
inanci
alcont
rolofbusi
nessi
sint
hehandsoff
orei
gner
swhot
endt
ogi
vef
ir
st
pr
ior
it
iest
othei
rcomr
ades.
`
 Pr
ivat
izat
ionofgov
ernmentent
erpr
isesl
i
kedi
str
ibut
ionofel
ect
ri
cit
yhasr
esul
tedi
n
pr
ofi
trepat
ri
ati
on.Thati
stosay
,muchoft
hepr
ofi
tsear
nedbyt
hesef
orei
gner
sis
i
nvest
edi
nthei
rcount
ri
es.

 Pr
ivat
izat
ionhasmadeci
ti
zensofUgandal
ookl
i
kesecondcl
assci
ti
zenst
oAsi
ans.
Thef
orei
gner
stendt
oacqui
ret
axhol
i
day
sthatmaybel
i
kef
or5y
ear
sbutf
ort
hel
ocal
i
nvest
orsar
eal
way
sdi
scour
agedbecauset
hegov
ernmentsomet
imeschar
gest
hem
hi
ght
axest
osetupt
hei
rbusi
nesses.

 Pr
ivat
izat
ionexposest
hewor
ker
stot
hegr
eedoft
hei
nvest
orswhoof
tenexpl
oitt
hem.
Thati
stosay
,gi
vi
ngl
i
ttl
emoneycompar
edt
othewor
ktheydowi
tht
hebi
dtoi
ncr
ease
t
hei
rpr
ofi
tmar
gin. Thi
shasr
esul
tedi
ntoconst
antst
ri
kesi
ncompani
esl
i
keKaki
ra
sugarwor
ksandt
hedownf
allt
rici
rcl
eandAGOAi
nBugol
obiwasduet
otheconst
ant
compl
aint
sofUgandanhomes.

 Ther
eisgr
eati
ncomedi
squal
i
fyi
nthi
ssy
stem ast
hesewi
thmoneyt
oinv
estgr
ow
r
icherwhi
l
epeasant
scont
inuesuf
fer
ingl
i
keWav
amuno,Meht
agr
oupofcompani
es
andMadhv
angr
oupofcompani
esandMukwanogr
oupofcompani
eswhi
chdov
ery
wel
lfort
hei
rfami
l
iesandmaj
ori
tyofUgandansar
ecr
yingofpov
ert
ybecauset
hey
squeezehi
ghpr
oduct
s.

 Somet
imes pr
ivat
izat
ion r
esul
tsi
nto unmi
ndf
ulexpl
oit
ati
on ofpubl
i
c asset
s or
r
esour
cesbecauseoft
hedesi
ret
omakepr
ofi
ts. Fori
nst
ancemanypeopl
ehav
e
mi
susedt
heswampyr
oadsetupf
act
ori
esl
i
keNat
al,Nakawukar
oadmostmai
ze
mi
l
li
ngf
act
ori
esar
einswampyar
eas.

 Pr
ivat
izat
ioni
sof
tendonewi
thoutf
air
nessandt
ranspar
ency
.Fori
nst
anceSal
i
m Sal
e
want
edt
otr
yfr
audul
ent
lybuyUgandacommer
cialbankbutnotopenl
yadv
ert
isedi
n
paper
.

 I
t may become so di
ff
icul
tfor t
he gov
ernment t
o det
ermi
ne or cont
rolt
he
unempl
oymentl
evel
s. Thi
sisbecausesomei
nvest
orshav
edeci
dedt
ousecapi
tal
i
ntensi
vemet
hodswhi
chr
epl
acemanuall
abour
.Forexampl
ethei
ntr
oduct
ionofATM
andcomput
ersi
nbankscutof
fmanypeopl
e’
sjobs.

 Thegov
ernmentf
indsi
thar
dtocar
ryoutpr
opereconomi
cpl
anni
ngont
hemeansof
pr
oduct
ion.Thati
stosay
,iti
snoteasyt
opr
ojecthowmanyj
obswi
l
lbecr
eat
edi
na
gi
venper
iodofy
ear
s.
`
 Pr
ivat
izat
ionencour
agest
hef
ormat
ionofpr
ivat
emonopol
i
eswhi
chmakessome
compet
it
orsbepul
l
edoutofbusi
ness.

 Essent
ialcommodi
ti
esorser
vicesmaynotbecat
eredf
orbypr
ivat
ebusi
nessowner
s
i
nar
easwher
etheyar
enotpr
ofi
tabl
eal
thought
hegov
ernmentneedst
ohav
esuch
ser
vices.Forexampl
emanypeopl
esetupschool
sorhospi
tal
sint
ownar
easwher
e
mostpar
ent
sar
eav
eragei
ncomeear
ner
sthanv
il
lager
s.

CHALLENGESFACEDBYPRI
VATI
ZATI
ON

 Compet
it
ionamongt
hest
affoft
hepr
ivat
eent
erpr
isesi
shi
ghanddi
ff
icul
ttof
ight
agai
nst
.

 SomeUgandanshav
epr
esentpr
ivat
izat
ionofessent
ialsect
orsofgov
ernmentl
i
kesel
l
ofUgandaEl
ect
ri
cit
yBoar
d[UEB]i
sli
kesel
l
ingf
ami
l
ysi
l
ver
.Thi
sisbecauset
hosewho
buysuchent
erpr
isesl
i
ket
hechar
gesofusi
ngt
hoser
esour
ces.

 Ther
ear
epr
obl
emst
odealwi
thpr
operv
aluat
ionofpubl
i
casset
sthatar
eduef
or
di
sposal
.Forexampl
etheact
ualv
alueofUgandaEl
ect
ri
cit
yboar
d[UEB]asset
swas
har
dtoest
abl
i
sh.

 Someoft
hepubl
i
casset
sar
einsuchadesper
atest
atet
hati
tbecomeshar
dtof
ind
pot
ent
iali
nvest
ors.Forexampl
etheUgandar
ail
wayoper
ati
onwhi
chr
equi
resal
otof
moneyf
ori
mpr
ovement
.

 Thest
ockexchangesy
stem i
ncount
ri
esl
i
keUgandai
shar
dto adopt
. Thi
sis
becauseourUgandamoneyv
aluei
sal
way
sdet
ermi
nedbyt
hepr
iceoft
hedol
l
ar.

 Manyi
ndi
genouspeopl
ecannotbenef
itf
rom pr
ivat
ecompani
esbecauset
heyar
etoo
poort
orai
sesuchcapi
tal
.

 Ther
eissmal
lint
ernalmar
ketandt
hisunder
minesef
for
tst
owar
dspr
ivat
izat
ion. For
i
nst
ancemuchoft
hef
ishpr
ocessedi
nUgandai
ssol
dtoout
sidecount
ri
esathi
gh
pr
icel
i
kei
nUSA. Thi
smakespeopl
efeart
oownpr
ivat
ecompani
esi
nUganda.

 Pr
ivat
izat
ionhasnotr
eal
l
ysucceededi
nUgandabecausesomepubl
i
casset
stoo
cent
ral
tobegi
venhands. Forexampl
eel
ect
ri
cit
ysuppl
ywat
ersuppl
y.

DI
SCUSSTHEVI
EW OFKARLMARXABOUTWORK

Hewasagr
eatphi
l
osopherbor
nfr
om Ger
man. Hi
sfat
herwasHenr
ickMar
x. The
`
f
oll
owi
ngar
ehi
svi
ewsaboutwor
kwhi
chheputi
nhi
sbookcal
l
ed“
Thecommonman’
s
mani
fest
opubl
i
shedi
n1948”

 Hesai
dthatt
her
eist
oomuchcompet
it
ionatwor
kbet
weenmenwhi
chsomet
imes
r
esul
tsi
ntohar
assmentofoneanot
her
.

 Hesai
dthatasamanwor
kshad,
hecr
eat
esacl
assofr
ichandpoor
.

 Hesai
dinhi
sbookt
hati
tisonl
ythr
oughst
ruggl
eatwor
kthatamancangetwhatt
o
eat
.

 Hest
atedt
hatatwor
kther
ear
etwocat
egor
iesofpeopl
e.Thati
stosay
,capi
tal
i
sts
andwagel
abour
ers(
empl
oyees)

 Henot
edt
hatt
hecapi
tal
i
stsgav
eov
erwor
ktot
heempl
oyeeshowev
erendupgi
vi
ng
t
hem l
owwages.

 Kar
lMar
xst
atedt
hatwhent
hecapi
tal
i
stsbecamesor
ich,t
hel
abour
erst
endt
o
becomesopoorbecauset
heyar
eov
erwor
kedi
nthepr
oduct
ionpr
ocess.

 Mar
xnot
edt
hatatwor
kmanhi
msel
fisaneconomi
cit
em andwhenhemaxi
mizedhi
s
t
alenthecanaccumul
ateal
otofweal
th.

 Hest
ressedt
hatabsol
uteexpl
oit
ati
onofl
abour
erscausesgr
eatmi
ser
y,suf
fer
ingand
expl
oit
ati
onandl
i
febecomesmeani
ngl
ess.

 Mar
xar
guedt
hatsi
nceev
ery
manwor
ksandhei
saneconomi
cresour
ceal
lweal
th
madei
nsoci
etyshoul
dbedi
str
ibut
edt
omanev
enl
y(suppor
tsoci
ali
sm)
.

 Hest
atedt
hatt
hecapi
tal
i
stsy
stem atwor
kcr
eat
esal
otofenmi
tybet
weenhuman
bei
ngsast
heyst
ruggl
etogetnecessi
ti
esofl
i
fe.

 Mar
xhel
dav
iewt
hatatwor
kthecapi
tal
i
stbossesr
egar
dempl
oyeesasi
nfer
iorand
t
endt
odi
stanceawayf
rom t
hem.

TOWHATEXTENTAREKARLMARX’
SVI
EWSABOUTWORKRELEVANTTOMODERN
CHRI
STI
ANS?

Al
thoughKar
lMar
xwasnotast
rongChr
ist
ian,hi
svi
ewsaboutwor
kar
elar
gel
y
i
mpor
tantt
oChr
ist
iansi
nthef
oll
owi
ngway
s;

 Kar
lMar
xst
ressedt
hatt
her
eshoul
dbeequaldi
str
ibut
ionofweal
tht
hroughshar
ing.
Thi
sisi
nli
newi
thJesus’t
eachi
ngconcer
ningcar
ingf
ort
hedi
sadv
ant
agedonesf
or
`
exampl
ethesi
ck.

 Mar
xst
ressedt
hatt
her
eshoul
dnotbesuppr
essi
onandexpl
oit
ati
onoft
hepoorand
t
heneedy
.Thi
sal
sosuppor
tst
heChr
ist
iant
eachi
ngnot
edi
nthebookof1Sam 12.

 Mar
xputi
tthatonewhodoesnotwor
kshoul
dnotsur
viv
eandwoul
dnotbeabl
eto
meethi
sneeds. Thi
sissomewayi
nthebi
bleSt
.Pault
eachesasnot
edi
n2Thess
3:
10.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dobser
vet
hev
iewsofMar
xconcer
ningpay
ingwagest
olabour
erson
t
imeasf
oundi
nthebookofLev9:
13.

 Kar
lMar
xvi
ewswasr
elev
antt
oChr
ist
iansi
nawayt
hathedi
scour
agesempl
oyer
s
f
rom mi
str
eat
ingt
hei
rwor
ker
sasi
twoul
dresul
tint
oar
evol
uti
onwhi
chChr
ist
iansal
so
donotl
i
ke.

 Kar
lMar
xtaughtaboutandexposedt
hei
njust
icesofcapi
tal
i
stsl
i
kegi
vi
ngt
oomuch
l
abourt
othewor
ker
swhi
chev
enChr
ist
iani
tyt
eachesagai
nst
.

 Thet
eachi
ngofKar
lMar
xhel
psChr
ist
iansunder
standt
hati
nor
dert
ogener
ateal
otof
weal
th,
theyneedt
owor
khar
d.

 Mat
hew25:
14-
30,t
hepar
abl
eoft
het
alentt
eachesChr
ist
ianst
owor
khar
dinor
dert
o
getmat
eri
alweal
th.

 Mar
xbl
amedandhat
edt
heChr
ist
iansi
nLondonwhodi
dnothel
pthesuf
fer
ing
l
abour
ers. I
nthesameway
,St
.Pauli
nthel
ett
erof1Cor16di
sli
kesChr
ist
ianswho
donothel
ptheneedy
.

 Kar
lMar
xcondemnedempl
oyer
sandl
andl
ordsf
orbei
ngonl
yint
erest
edi
npr
ofi
tand
notcar
ingaboutt
hewel
far
eofwor
ker
s. Thi
swasal
soi
nli
newi
thChr
ist
iant
eachi
ng
whi
chcondemnsempl
oyer
swhodonotcar
efort
hewel
far
eofwor
ker
s.

 Heal
soaccusedempl
oyer
sformonopol
i
zingpr
ofi
tsandur
gedent
repr
eneur
stoshar
e
t
heout
comeswi
thempl
oyeesbecauset
heyar
eal
soshar
ehol
der
s.

 ThebooksofGal
ati
ansandCor
int
hiansobser
vet
hatev
erywor
kershoul
dbepai
d
hi
s/hersal
aryi
nti
mecompar
edt
othewor
kloadof
fer
ed. Thi
sisal
soi
nli
newi
thKar
l
Mar
x’st
eachi
ng.

 Chr
ist
iani
tyt
eachesaboutt
hespi
ri
tofl
ove,
lov
ingournei
ghbour
saswel
oveour
sel
ves
`
whi
chi
sinl
i
newi
thKar
lMar
x’st
eachi
ngconcer
ningempl
oyeesandt
olov
eone
anot
heratwor
k.

 Kar
lMar
xsuppor
tsast
ri
ket
obeor
gani
zedbyempl
oyeesagai
nstempl
oyer
swho
expl
oitt
hem. Howev
erChr
ist
iani
tyi
sagai
nstt
hisdeci
sion.

 Chr
ist
iani
tydi
sappr
ovesKar
lMar
x’si
deaofsuppor
ti
ngmant
oli
veenmi
tywi
thot
her
s
j
ustbecauseofmat
eri
alweal
thwhi
cht
heyf
ightf
or.Thati
stosay
,hesuppor
tst
he
v
iewofsur
viv
alf
ort
hef
it
test
.

 Kar
lMar
xlookedl
i
kehedi
dnotr
especthumanr
ight
s.Thati
stosay
,ther
ightt
oli
fe.
ButChr
ist
iani
tybel
i
evest
hatGodi
stheonl
ycont
rol
l
erofl
i
fe.

 Chr
ist
iani
tyt
eachest
hatsomepeopl
ear
eri
chwhi
l
eot
her
sar
epoorpar
tl
yduet
o
di
ff
erencei
ndev
elopmentoft
alent
. Howev
erKar
lMar
x’sv
iewt
hatmanypeopl
ear
e
poorbecauseofbei
ngov
erexpl
oit
edbyt
her
ich.

 Kar
lMar
x’sv
iewt
owar
dswor
kwaswor
ldl
yandnotspi
ri
tual
. Sohewasv
erywr
ongt
o
l
ookatChr
ist
iani
tyf
rom t
hewor
ldl
ypoi
ntofv
iew.

 Kar
lMar
xdi
dnoti
ntegr
ateandgi
ver
espectt
othewor
ksofJesus. Bei
ngan
i
ntel
l
ect
ualhe mi
ghthav
elooked athi
m f
rom negat
ive angl
e hence get
ti
ng
mi
sunder
standi
ngswi
thChr
ist
iansbecauseheunder
minedChr
ist
’spower
.

 Hecr
it
ici
zedt
het
eachi
ngofChr
ist
iani
tyandcal
l
edi
ttheopi
um oft
hepoor
. He
r
efer
redt
oJesusast
heonl
ysoci
alwor
kerwhodi
dnotwantanydev
elopmenthence
annoy
ingmanyChr
ist
ians.

 Kar
lMar
xvi
ewedChr
ist
iant
eachi
ngaspr
omot
ersofexpl
oit
ati
vesy
stems. I
ttaught
doct
ri
nesl
i
ket
hosewhohadmuchwer
etogai
nandt
hosewhohadl
i
ttl
ewoul
dloose
ev
ent
hel
i
ttl
etheyhad.

 I
twasnononsenset
oKar
lMar
xthatGodwasi
ncont
rolov
erwhat
everwashappeni
ng.
Hequest
ionedt
hatwhatwasGoddoi
ngf
ort
heoppr
essed?

 Chr
ist
iani
tydi
sagr
ees wi
th Kar
lMar
x’st
eachi
ng because Chr
ist
iani
tyencour
ages
suf
fer
ingonGod’
sbehal
fbysay
inghappyar
ethepoor
,thei
rsi
stheki
ngdom ofGod
whi
chMar
xdoesnotsuppor
t.

RETRENCHMENT
`
Thi
sref
erst
olay
ingof
fsomewor
ker
sinor
dert
omi
nimi
zecost
sandmaxi
miz
ethe
wor
kloadoft
hosel
eftbehi
ndi
nor
dert
oser
vemoneyandhav
egr
eat
eref
fi
ciency
.

Benef
it
sofRet
renchment

 I
tenabl
est
hegov
ernmentt
obewi
thamanagementwor
kfor
cet
hatshei
sabl
etopay
r
easonabl
ewel
l
.

 I
thel
pst
ofi
ghtdi
sgui
sedunempl
oymentandov
erst
aff
ingatt
hepl
aceofwor
k.

 Ret
renchmentweedsoutt
heel
der
lyf
rom j
obsgi
vi
ngchancest
othey
out
h. I
nUganda
t
hemi
nist
ryofeducat
ion,sci
enceandt
echnol
ogyal
way
swant
sgov
ernmenthead
t
eacher
sto submi
tnames ofal
lthose t
eacher
s wi
th 59 y
ear
s and abov
efor
r
etr
enchment
.

 Thi
sexer
cisehel
pst
oexposet
hesocal
l
edghostwor
ker
ssot
hatt
heymaybedel
eted
f
rom pay
rol
l
.InUganda,
ghostwor
ker
sar
ecommoni
nthear
myandt
eachi
ngst
aff
.

 Ret
renchmenthel
pst
oexposet
hoseper
sonswi
thoutsat
isf
act
oryqual
i
ficat
ionswho
coul
dhav
ejoi
nedt
heser
vicet
hroughabnor
mal
way
s.

 Somet
imest
hosewhoar
eret
renchedbyt
hegov
ernmentr
ecei
vecapi
tal
inappr
eci
ati
on
whi
chcanhel
pthem st
artofper
sonal
jobs.

 Al
otofmoneyi
ssav
edbyt
hegov
ernmentwhi
chcanber
e-i
nvest
edt
ocr
eat
ejob
oppor
tuni
ti
es and al
so meett
hei
reconomi
c demands i
nthe count
ryl
i
ke wat
er,
el
ect
ri
cit
y,bui
l
dingr
oads.

 Ret
renchmenti
sai
medati
ncr
easi
ngef
fi
ciencyandl
i
mitf
requentbudgetdef
ici
ent
.For
i
nst
anceaf
terr
etr
enchmenti
ntheci
vi
lav
iat
ionaut
hor
it
y,t
hepar
ast
atal
sar
enow
maki
ngsomer
easonabl
epr
ofi
ts.

 Ret
renchmenthel
ps t
he gov
ernmentsomet
imes t
o acqui
re and use t
he money
donat
edt
oheref
fect
ivel
y. Somet
imesI
MFandwor
ldbankr
equi
rest
hegov
ernment
t
olayof
fsomewor
ker
sinsomedepar
tment
ssoast
obegi
vensomedonat
ions.

 Ret
renchmentdev
elops/
incul
cat
edaspi
ri
tofhar
dwor
kanddi
sci
pli
neamongt
he
wor
ker
swhor
emai
nser
vingt
hegov
ernment
.

Weaknesses

 Somepeopl
egi
vei
tanegat
iveat
ti
tudecl
aimi
ngi
tisdi
ctat
edbyi
nter
nat
ionaldonor
s
`
l
i
keI
MFandWor
ldBank.

 Somepeopl
esayr
etr
enchmentt
arget
stogetr
idoft
hoset
heyhav
egr
udgeswi
th.

 I
tcausesf
rust
rat
iont
othewor
kerwhoi
slai
dof
fandt
hatcoul
dhav
ebeent
heonl
y
sour
ce.

 I
tencour
agescor
rupt
ionandmi
suseofpubl
i
cof
fi
cebecausei
tcr
eat
esj
obi
nsecur
it
y
amongwor
ker
s.

 I
tcr
eat
est
ensi
onbet
weent
hewor
ker
sandt
hei
rimmedi
atesuper
visor
s.

 Thewor
kisdepr
ivedofsur
viv
alandhi
sent
ir
eli
fei
sli
kel
ytoendupi
ntomi
ser
y.

 I
taf
fect
sanddi
srupt
stheeducat
ionoft
hewor
ker
’schi
l
drenwhomayev
endr
opoutof
school
duet
ofi
nanci
alhar
dshi
ps.

 Somewor
ker
slookati
tasasi
gnofsel
fi
shnessont
hepar
toft
heempl
oyerwho
appear
sint
erest
edi
nsav
ingsandcapi
talandnott
hewor
ker
swhi
chJames2:
14
di
scour
aged.

 I
tincr
easesunempl
oymentl
evel
sandunder
minesal
lef
for
tsbyt
hegov
ernmentt
o
sol
vet
heunempl
oymentl
evel
sint
hecount
ry.

 I
tisungodl
ybecausei
tappear
stoi
ndi
cat
ethatwhenwor
kisav
ail
abl
e,i
tshoul
dbe
donebyaf
ew peopl
ewher
easPault
aughti
n2Thessal
oni
ans3:
10t
hatev
ery
body
mustwor
k.

 I
tisdanger
ousi
nthati
tleadst
olar
gescal
ecr
imesi
nthel
ongr
un.Fori
nst
ancemost
oft
her
obber
sgunneddowni
nKampal
abyt
hepol
i
cear
efor
mersol
dier
swhower
e
r
etr
enched.

WORKI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY

CHARACTERI
STI
CSOFWORKI
NTHEAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY(
ATS)

 Wor
kwashi
ghl
yval
uedI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etybecauset
her
ewasn’
tanyot
her
wayofear
ningal
i
vingot
hert
hant
hroughwor
kther
efor
eitwasameansofl
i
vel
i
hood.

 Ev
ery
bodywas a wor
kerand peopl
e wer
e expect
ed t
o cont
ri
but
etowar
ds wor
k
accor
dingt
oage,sex,abi
l
ityandr
ank. Thi
siswhyol
dpeopl
ewhoseemednott
o
wor
khadwor
kedear
li
erdur
ingt
hei
ryout
hful
day
s.
`
 Wor
kwasr
elat
edt
obasi
cneedsofl
i
feandev
ery
bodyhadadut
ytowor
kinor
dert
o
obt
ainf
ood,
clot
hing,
shel
terandsecur
it
yforhi
speopl
e.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,wor
kwast
aughtf
rom chi
l
dhoodr
ightf
rom t
hef
ami
l
y
wher
eboy
slear
nfr
om t
hei
rfat
her
s,uncl
esandgr
andf
ather
sandgi
rl
sfr
om t
hei
r
mot
her
s.Aunt
iesandt
hei
rgr
andmot
her
s.

 Wor
kwasdi
vi
dedaccor
dingt
oage,sexandabi
l
ity
.Forexampl
echi
l
drenhadt
ofet
ch
wat
erf
rom t
hewel
l
,col
l
ect
edf
ir
ewoodanddi
ggi
ng,womenhadt
ocook,di
gandcar
e
f
ort
hef
ami
l
y,menhadt
ohunt
,lookf
orcl
othi
ngandpr
otectt
hef
ami
l
y.

 Wor
kwascommunalwher
eev
ery
bodyhadt
opar
ti
cipat
eindi
ff
erentact
ivi
ti
essuchas
pl
ant
ing,
weedi
ng,
har
vest
ing,
bui
l
dingandi
ndi
vi
dual
i
sm washi
ghl
ydi
scour
aged.

 Lazi
nessandi
dlenesswasdi
scour
aged,
thi
siswhypar
ent
sandr
elat
iveshadt
oteach
t
hechi
l
drenbasi
cski
l
lsofl
i
fesuchascooki
ng,f
etchwat
er,f
ishi
ng,weav
ingand
t
hat
chi
ng houses.Forexampl
e Jul
i
us Ny
erer
eis quot
ed f
orhav
ing di
scour
aged
l
azi
nesswhenhesai
d“Tr
eaty
ourv
isi
torasav
isi
torf
ort
woday
sandont
het
hir
dday
,
gi
vehi
m ahoe”
.

 Wor
kwasconsi
der
edasasoci
alact
ivi
tywhi
chwascommunalanddonef
ort
hegood
oft
hecommuni
ty. Thi
shel
pst
obui
l
dthecommuni
ty’
sloy
alt
yandsol
i
dar
it
y.For
exampl
ethr
oughpl
ant
ing,
har
vest
ingandbui
l
ding.

 Ther
ewasl
i
mit
edcompet
it
ioni
nwor
kbecausewor
krol
eswer
ecl
ear
lydef
inedand
eachper
sonknewwhi
cht
askeorshewasr
esponsi
blef
or.Forexampl
ehunt
ingand
f
ishi
ngf
orboy
sandmenwhi
l
ecooki
ng,car
ingf
ort
hechi
l
dren,weav
ing,anddi
ggi
ng
wasmai
nlydonebygi
rl
sandwomen.

 Wor
kwascompul
sor
yandt
her
ewasnododgi
ng. Thi
sexpl
ainswhywor
kwashi
ghl
y
or
gani
zedI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
.

 Ther
ewasshar
ingoft
hef
rui
tsofl
abourwhi
chmadepeopl
ewor
kwi
thease.For
exampl
eaf
terhar
vest
ing,onewoul
dgi
ver
ipebananas,por
ri
dge,r
oast
edmeat
,local
beerandf
ail
uret
orewar
dwashi
ghl
ypuni
shabl
e.Thi
swasbecauset
her
ewasno
pay
mentdoewor
k.

 Onewor
kedf
orr
elat
ivesandi
n-l
awsasaki
ngshi
pobl
i
gat
ionbutnotf
orper
sonal
pr
ofi
ts.
`
 Ev
ery
bodyhadt
owor
ktoaccumul
ateweal
thandi
mpr
oveononesst
andar
dofl
i
ving
andt
hatofhi
s//
herf
ami
l
y.

 Womenhadheav
ierwor
kast
heywer
eresponsi
blef
ormostoft
heagr
icul
tur
alwor
kas
wel
lashousehol
dtasksl
i
kef
etchi
ngf
ir
ewoodandwat
er,pr
oduci
ngchi
l
dren,weav
ing
andmanyot
her
s

 Ther
ewassuddenchangei
npeopl
e’
spat
ter
nsofwor
kasi
tist
odaybecausewor
kwas
handeddownf
rom f
athert
oson.

 Ev
ery
bodywasawor
ker
.Thati
stosay
,fat
her
,mot
herandchi
l
drenal
lhaddi
ff
erent
ki
ndsofwor
ktodo.Forexampl
ethef
atherwenthunt
ing,mot
herl
ookedaf
tert
he
homeandt
hechi
l
drencol
l
ect
edwat
erandf
ir
ewood.

 Wor
kwasdi
vi
ded accor
ding t
o age,sex,orst
atus.Thati
sto say
,ev
eryper
son
dependi
ngonhi
sageorsexknewt
hewor
ktodo.

 Wor
kwast
aughtf
rom i
nfancyandadul
thood. Thegi
rl
staughtbyf
emal
erel
ati
vesl
i
ke
t
hesi
ster
s,mot
herandgr
andmot
her
sandt
heboy
swer
etaughtbymal
erel
ati
vesl
i
ke
f
ather
s,br
other
sanduncl
esandgr
and-
fat
her
s.

 Wor
kwascommunaldonei
nmanycases. Ther
ewasel
ementofi
ndi
vi
dual
i
sm at
wor
k. Peopl
einAf
ri
cat
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyhadmuchpr
ide,
respectandsat
isf
act
iont
o
t
hewor
ktheydi
d.

 Wor
kwasseenasav
ocat
ionf
rom God. Al
lact
ivi
ti
esoft
hedayst
atedwi
thr
it
ual
sor
pr
ayer
stoGodaski
ngf
orhi
sbl
essi
ngs.

 Wor
kInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywasf
ocusedt
owar
dscommuni
tydev
elopment
.
Fort
hatmat
ter
,peopl
ewor
kedwi
thi
nthei
rhomel
andl
i
kei
nconst
ruct
ionofr
oadsand
i
mpr
ovi
ngt
hewat
ersour
ces.

 Wor
kwasal
sof
ocusedt
owar
dsmeet
ingt
hebasi
cneedsofl
i
fel
i
kef
ood,cl
othes,
shel
terandmedi
cal
car
e.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,womenwer
egener
all
ygi
venbyt
hei
rhusbands’heav
y
l
oadsofwor
ktodo. I
not
herwor
ds,
theywer
ecal
l
edbeast
sofbur
den.Theycar
edf
or
t
hehomeandcar
ri
edoutagr
icul
tur
ebutatt
heendmenbenef
it
edmor
efr
om t
hesal
es.

 Ther
ewasno sol
ari
zed empl
oymentI
n Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
.Onewoul
d be
wor
kingf
orbasi
cneedsaswel
lasf
orcommuni
tyneeds.
`
 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,ther
ewasnocompet
it
ionf
orwor
k.Thi
swasbecause
wor
kwasdi
vi
dedbasi
ngonage,
sexandst
atus.

 Ther
ewasnof
ormaleducat
ionast
hey
out
hacqui
redknowl
edgeandski
l
lst
hrough
i
nter
act
ingwi
thel
der
sdur
ingt
het
imeofwor
king.Fori
nst
anceaboycoul
dlear
nski
l
ls
ofcar
pent
ryaf
tersomet
imeofst
ayi
ngwi
tht
hef
atheratt
hecar
pent
rywor
kshop.

 Wor
kdet
ermi
nedt
hest
atusoft
hei
ndi
vi
duali
nthesoci
ety
. Fori
nst
ancet
obecomea
v
il
lagel
eaderorami
l
itar
ycommander
,oneshoul
dhav
ewor
kedsohar
dtopr
ovehi
s
abi
l
ity
.

I
MPORTANCEOFWORKI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY

 Wor
kwasasoci
alact
ivi
tywher
epeopl
emetandexchangeddi
ff
erenti
deasconcer
ning
t
hesoci
etysuchassoci
al,
economi
candpol
i
tical
ideas.

 Thr
oughwor
k,t
hei
ndi
vi
dual
scont
ri
but
edt
othewel
far
eoft
hei
rnei
ghbour
sandki
ngs
mensi
ncet
hiswasacust
omar
ydut
y.

 Thr
oughwor
k,t
hei
ndi
vi
dual
spr
ideandsat
isf
act
ionwasat
tai
nedi
nthepr
oduct
smade
suchasar
rows,
bows,
pot
sandmanyot
her
s

 Thr
oughwor
k,t
hei
ndi
vi
dual
s’basi
cneedsandt
hoseofhi
simmedi
atef
ami
l
ywer
e
sat
isf
iedsuchasf
ood,
clot
hingandshel
ter
.

 Wor
kgav
ewomenasenseofr
esponsi
bil
i
tyanddi
gni
tywasr
efl
ect
edi
ntheupbr
ingi
ng
andgr
owt
hofherchi
l
drenpl
usot
herf
ami
l
ymember
s.

 I
twasawayofget
ti
ngr
espectanddi
gni
tyi
nsoci
etybecausel
azypeopl
ewer
enot
r
espect
edandt
heywer
ethoughtt
obebeggar
sort
hiev
est
her
efor
eaper
sonhadt
o
wor
kinor
dert
osol
vehi
spr
obl
ems.

 Wor
khel
pedpeopl
etoi
mpr
ovet
hei
rtal
ent
sandski
l
lssuchashunt
ing,bar
k-cl
oth
maki
ng,
diggi
ngandmanyot
her
s

 I
tenhancedcooper
ati
onanduni
tyamongmember
soft
hesoci
etywhi
chl
aterl
edt
o
dev
elopmentofapar
ti
cul
arsoci
ety
.

 Thr
oughwor
k,t
heywer
eabl
etobui
l
dagoodr
elat
ionshi
pwi
tht
hei
rgods(
ancest
ral
spi
ri
ts)andman.Theycoul
dappeaset
heancest
orst
hroughof
fer
ingt
hem sacr
if
ices
l
i
keani
mal
sandcr
oppr
oduct
s.
`
 Thr
oughwor
k,t
hei
ndi
vi
dual
s’i
nter
estofaccumul
atedweal
thormat
eri
alpossessi
ons
wasachi
evedandonewasabl
etomakesel
f-
impr
ovement
.

REASONSWHYWORKI
NTHEAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETYWASTAUGHTFROM
CHI
LDHOOD

 Wor
kwast
heonl
ymeansofl
i
vel
i
hoodandt
her
ewasnoot
herwayofear
ningal
i
ving
wi
thoutwor
k.

 Wor
kwast
heonl
ywayt
ogetbasi
cneedsofl
i
fesuchasshel
ter
,cl
othi
ng.Thi
siswhy
t
heyt
aughtt
hey
oungoneswher
eandhowt
ogett
hebasi
cneeds.

 Wor
kInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywascompul
sor
yforev
ery
bodyi
ncl
udi
ngchi
l
dren
becauset
heyhadt
askst
oper
for
m suchascol
l
ect
ingf
ir
ewood,
fet
chi
ngwat
er,
grazi
ng
ani
mal
s,sweepi
ngcompoundsandmanyot
her
s

 Lazi
nessadi
dlenesswasdi
scour
agedi
nthesoci
ety
.Thi
siswhypar
ent
staughtt
he
y
oungpeopl
ehowt
owor
kinor
dert
ohav
eabet
terf
utur
e.

 Wor
k was communalwhi
ch hel
ped wor
kto become l
i
ght
ersuch as cul
ti
vat
ion,
har
vest
ingandbui
l
ding. Thi
shel
pedchi
l
drent
olear
nfr
om v
ari
ouspeopl
eandal
so
knowt
hatwor
kwaspar
tofl
i
fe.

 Thoughwor
k,chi
l
drenwoul
dbeabl
etodev
elopt
hei
rski
l
lsandt
alent
s.Thi
shel
ped
t
hem t
ogetr
ewar
dsf
ort
hei
rhar
dwor
k.

 I
tgav
ethem aposi
ti
veout
lookorat
ti
tudet
owar
dswor
kbecauset
heyconsi
der
edi
tto
beanor
malhumanact
ivi
tywher
eev
ery
bodywasawor
kerandnott
oconsi
deri
tasa
cur
se.

 Wor
kwast
aughtf
rom chi
l
dhoodi
nor
dert
oav
oidpuni
shmentandi
sol
ati
on.Aper
son
whol
ovedwor
kwasconsi
der
edt
obeaf
ait
hful
andt
ruememberoft
hesoci
ety
.

 Wor
kwasdi
vi
dedaccor
dingt
oage,sexandabi
l
ityandt
her
efor
echi
l
drenhadt
odo
t
hei
rwor
kli
kecol
l
ect
ingf
ir
ewood,sweepi
ngt
hecompoundandmanyot
her
sal
lthese
act
ivi
ti
eshel
pedt
hem t
ogr
owst
rongandbecomei
mpor
tantmember
sinsoci
ety
.

 Wor
khel
pedpeopl
etogetl
eader
shi
pbecauset
oat
tai
nleader
shi
pInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
,onehadt
ober
ich.Thi
siswhypar
ent
staughtt
hei
rchi
l
drenhow t
owor
kin
`
or
dert
oav
oidpov
ert
ywhi
chl
edt
odi
srespecti
nsoci
ety
.

COMPARI
SONS BETWEEN WORK TODAY AND THAT OF AFRI
CAN TRADI
TIONAL
SOCI
ETY[
A.T.
S]

 I
nbot
h,wor
kismeantt
omeett
hebasi
cneedsl
i
kef
ood,
shel
terandcl
othi
ng.

 I
nbot
h,dev
elopmentofski
l
lsandt
alent
sisencour
aged.

 Theybot
hencour
ageev
ery
onet
owor
kanddi
scour
agel
azi
nessandi
dleness.

 I
tisameansofi
mpr
ovi
ngonesst
andar
dsofl
i
vingi
nbot
h.

 Bot
hconsi
derwor
ktobeameansofl
i
vel
i
hoodwher
epeopl
ear
eencour
agedt
o
per
for
m agi
vent
askwi
thoutcompl
aint
.

 Theybot
hconsi
deri
nter
dependenceatwor
kandl
ookatwor
kasameansofi
mpr
ovi
ng
peopl
e’
sst
andar
dsofl
i
ving.

 I
nbot
h,r
ewar
disgi
vent
oonewhoper
for
msadut
y.Forexampl
eInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
,rewar
dsl
i
ker
ipebananasand l
ocalbeerwer
egi
ven and i
nthepr
esent
si
tuat
iont
hosewhowor
kar
egi
vensal
ari
esandwages.

 I
nbot
h,t
her
eisspeci
ali
zat
ioni
nwor
kwher
eonei
stoper
for
m apar
ti
cul
art
ypeofwor
k.

 Bot
hst
resst
hesel
fi
shmot
ivesl
i
kecor
rupt
ion,
bri
ber
yshoul
dbeav
oided.

 Bot
hconsi
derwor
kasanobl
i
gat
ionoramustandev
ery
one’
sresponsi
bil
i
ty.

I
NWHI
CHWAYSDOTHEFEATURESOFWORKI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY
CONTRASTWI
THTHEMODERNCONCEPTSTOWARDSWORK

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,wor
kwasdonewi
thi
none’
slocal
i
ty(
placeofbi
rt
h)whi
l
e
t
odaymanypeopl
emi
grat
etodi
ff
erentpl
acesespeci
all
ytownsl
ooki
ngf
orbet
ter
empl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
es.

 I
n Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,manualwor
k was hi
ghl
yval
ued l
i
ke car
ryi
ng out
agr
icul
tur
eandf
armi
ngbutt
odayi
tshi
ghl
ydespi
sedaspeopl
ebookf
orwhi
tecol
l
ar
j
obsespeci
all
ytheeducat
ed.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,di
vi
si
onofl
abour(
speci
ali
zat
ion)dependi
ngonsex,age
andst
atusexi
stedatwor
kwhi
l
eint
oday
’swor
k,speci
ali
zat
iondependsonone’
sfi
eld
ofst
udyl
i
ket
eachi
ng,
doct
orandl
awy
erandmanyot
her
s

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etycompet
it
ionf
orsi
mil
arj
obsbet
weent
heel
der
sand
`
chi
l
drenormenandwomendi
dnotexi
stbutt
oday
,suchcompet
it
ionsdoexi
st.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,cor
rupt
ionandbr
iber
yatwor
kwer
enothear
dofbecause
peopl
ewor
ked f
ort
hewel
l
-bei
ng oft
hecommuni
tybutt
odayt
her
eisal
otof
cor
rupt
ioni
nthef
iel
dofwor
k.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,ri
tual
sorpr
ayer
swer
epar
tandpar
ti
alofone’
sact
ivi
tyt
o
car
ryoutbef
oredoi
nganywor
kbutt
odaymanypeopl
est
artdoi
ngt
hei
rwor
kbef
ore
pr
ayi
ngt
oGod.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,ther
ewer
enounempl
oymenti
ssuesasev
ery
bodyr
ight
f
rom chi
l
dhoodhadhi
sorherwor
ktodobutt
oday
,unempl
oymenti
stoomuch
becausemen,
women,
chi
l
drenandel
der
scompet
eforsi
mil
arwor
kdone.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyempl
oymentwasnotbasedonpaperqual
i
ficat
ionsl
i
kei
t
i
stoday
.

 I
n Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,excepti
naf
ew cases i
ndi
cat
ed t
owar
ds women,
expl
oit
ati
onofwor
ker
swasl
i
mit
edunl
i
ket
odaywher
ether
eist
oomuchexpl
oit
ati
on
ofwor
ker
sbyt
heempl
oyer
s.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,wor
kwasnotsal
ari
edl
i
ket
hecasei
stodaywher
epeopl
e
wor
kforsal
ari
esorwages.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,mai
nlypeopl
ewor
kedf
orbasi
cneedsandf
ort
hewel
l
-
bei
ngoft
hecommuni
tybutt
odaypeopl
ewor
kev
enf
orl
uxur
iesl
i
keTel
evi
sions,
radi
os,
phones,
car
sandmanyot
her
s

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,wor
kwasmai
nlymanualbutt
odayal
otofwor
kis
comput
eri
zed.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etychi
l
drenhadt
otakeont
hecar
eeroft
hei
rpar
entwher
eas
t
hechi
l
drent
odayt
akeont
hecar
eeroft
hei
rownchoi
ceandi
nter
est
.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
etywor
kwascommunal
wher
east
odaywor
kisi
ndi
vi
dual
i
zed.

 Wor
khadar
eli
giousmeani
ngwhi
l
etodayv
eryf
ewpeopl
einv
olv
eGodi
nthei
rwor
k.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,wor
kwasmanualwhi
l
etodayi
tismechani
zed.For
exampl
etheuseofcomput
ers,
tract
orsandmanyot
her
s

 Todaypeopl
ewor
kinr
uralar
easandur
banar
easwhi
l
ewor
kInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
`
soci
etywasr
ural
based.

 Today
,ther
eisv
eryhi
gh compet
it
ion whi
ch r
esul
tsi
nto mur
derwhi
l
eIn Af
ri
can
t
radi
ti
onal
soci
ety
;ther
ewasl
i
mit
edcompet
it
ionhencepeaceandwor
k.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,wor
kwasai
medatdev
elopi
ngt
hesoci
etyorcommuni
ty
whi
l
etoday
;iti
sai
medatdev
elopi
ngani
ndi
vi
dual
. ForChr
ist
ians,
wor
kisi
ntendedt
o
dev
eloprpr
omot
etheki
ngdom ofGod.

 Ev
ery
bodyenj
oyedwor
kInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywhi
l
etodaypeopl
etakewor
ktbe
acur
se.

 Lazi
nessandi
dlenesswasdi
scour
agedI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etybutt
oday
,iti
s
t
oler
atedandt
her
ear
emanyl
oit
erer
s,gambl
ersandpar
asi
tes.

 Ther
eissal
aryempl
oymentwher
eoneexpect
smoneyy
etI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
ar
ewar
dwoul
dbegi
ven.

 I
nthepast
,wor
kwashi
ghl
yrewar
dedbutt
oday
,ther
eisexpl
oit
ati
on,
overwor
kingand
under
pay
ment
.

 Wor
kinAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywasdi
vi
dedaccor
dingt
oage,
sexandabi
l
ity
.Today
,
womendot
hesamewor
kandi
tisbasedonpr
ofessi
onal
trai
ning.

 Ther
ewasr
eadyempl
oymentwhi
l
eunempl
oymenti
srampant
.

WORKI
NTHEBI
BLE

OLDTESTAMENTTEACHI
NGS

 Thebi
blet
eachest
hatGodi
sawor
ker
.Thati
stosay
,cr
eat
edheav
enandear
thi
n6
day
sGen1and2.

 Thebi
blei
ntheol
dtest
amental
sot
eachesaboutco-
creat
ionatwor
k(Gen2:
18)

 Thebi
blei
ntheol
dtest
amental
soencour
agespar
tner
shi
patwor
k(Gen2:
3)

 I
ntheol
dtest
amentt
hebi
bleencour
agesempl
oyer
stopayt
hei
rwor
ker
sint
imeand
bet
reat
edf
air
ly(
Ex21:
1-10andDeut15:
12-
18)

 Encour
agespr
ocl
aimi
nghewor
dofGodasaf
orm ofwor
kli
keMosesandJoshuadi
d.

 Thebi
blet
eachest
hatmashoul
dwor
ktoear
nal
i
ving(
Ecc3)

 Godappr
eci
atest
hosewhowor
ktohonourhi
snamebybui
l
dingwor
shi
pingpl
acesas
`
Sol
omondi
d(1Ki
ngs6)

NewTest
amentTeachi
ng

 Jesswasawor
kerasacar
pent
erandpr
eachessomanshoul
dwor
k.

 Ourwor
kshoul
dinv
olv
eev
angel
i
sm asJesusdi
d.

 Accor
dingt
oJohn13:
1-20,ser
vicei
saf
orm ofwor
kli
keJesuswashedhi
sdi
sci
ples’
f
eet
.

 TheNewTest
amentencour
agesi
nter
act
ionwi
thot
her
satwor
kli
keJesusi
nter
act
ed
wi
tht
het
axcol
l
ect
ors.

 Teachesaboutt
eam wor
k.Forex
ampl
eJesuschoose12di
sci
plest
oassi
sthi
m(Mar
k
1)

 I
tindi
cat
est
hev
ari
ouspar
abl
esj
essused.Forexampl
epar
abl
eoft
hesowerasaway
ofdel
i
ver
inghi
swor
dtot
hepeopl
ecl
ear
ly.

 I
tteachesChr
ist
ianst
obehonestandl
oyalt
oeachot
heratwor
knotl
i
keJesust
aught
i
nthepar
abl
eoft
hewi
ckedt
enant
s.

 I
tteachesev
ery
bodyshoul
dwor
kandt
hosewhodecl
i
nedt
owor
kshoul
dbedeni
ed
f
ood(
2Thess3:
10)

 Accor
dingt
oPauli
nhi
slet
terof1Cor
int
hians9encour
ageshi
redser
vant
stobepai
d
i
nti
me.

 St
andi
ngf
ir
m andf
ait
hfult
oGodwhi
l
edoi
ngourwor
kisencour
agedi
ntheNew
Test
amenti
nSt
.Paul
.

 Endur
anceandpat
ienceatwor
kisal
soencour
agedt
otheChr
ist
iansbyPet
eri
nhi
s
f
ir
stl
ett
er2:
11,
3:5f
f).

LEI
SURE

Lei
sur
eisdef
inedast
het
imeoft
hedi
sposalofani
ndi
vi
dualwi
thoutbei
ngbondby
nor
mal
wor
k.

I
tist
het
imewhenonei
srel
axi
ngandenj
oyi
ngsoci
all
yandmat
eri
all
y.

TYPESOFLEI
SURE

Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofl
eisur
e
`
Act
iveLei
sur
e

Thi
ssasi
tuat
ionwher
eani
ndi
vi
duali
sinv
olv
edi
npr
oduct
ivel
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
es.For
exampl
epl
ayi
ngf
oot
bal
lornet
bal
l
,weav
ingbasket
s,r
eadi
ngwr
it
tenl
i
ter
atur
e,danci
ng,
j
oggi
ng,
andsi
ngi
ng.

Passi
veLei
sur
e

Thi
sist
heki
ndofl
eisur
ewher
eani
ndi
vi
duali
sinv
olv
edi
nnon-pr
oduct
iveact
ivi
ti
es
onhi
sofhersi
del
i
ke.dr
inki
ngal
cohol
,wat
chi
ngf
oot
bal
l
,sunbat
hing,
wat
chi
ngdr
ama
andmanyot
her
s.

GUI
DINGPRI
NCI
PLESI
NCHOOSI
NGTHETYPEOFLEI
SUREACTI
VITY

 Oneshoul
dchooseanact
ivi
tywhi
chi
snothar
mful
tohi
sorherl
i
feandt
hecommuni
ty
atl
arge.Forexampl
echoosi
ngsmocki
ngasal
eisur
eact
ivi
tyexposest
heper
sont
o
heal
thyr
isksl
i
keacqui
ri
ngl
ungcancerandanui
sancet
othecommuni
ty.

 Aper
sonshoul
dchooseal
eisur
eact
ivi
tywhi
chi
snotaddi
cti
ve.Forexampl
edr
inki
ng
al
coholorsmocki
ngmayr
uint
hel
i
feoft
heper
sonandal
socausepov
ert
yduet
oov
er
spendi
ng.

 Theact
ivi
tychosenf
orl
eisur
eshoul
dnott
aket
oomuchoft
hef
ami
l
yincomet
ocause
pov
ert
y.Forexampl
etoomuchdr
inki
ngofal
coholmayl
eadt
oconf
li
ctsnt
hef
ami
l
y
especi
all
yift
hemanf
ail
stof
ulf
il
lot
herf
ami
l
yobl
i
gat
ionsl
i
kebuy
ingf
ood,cl
othi
ng,
pay
ingschool
feesandmanyot
her
s

 Theact
ivi
tychosenf
orl
eisur
ebyaper
sonshoul
dbeabsol
utel
yvol
unt
aryf
ort
he
benef
itoft
hesoci
ety
. Forexampl
etaki
ngt
imecl
eani
ngupt
hewel
lormar
ketar
eas.
Thi
swi
l
lhel
ptof
ightdi
seasesl
i
kechol
erawhi
chcanaf
fectmanypeopl
eint
hear
ea.

 Theact
ivi
tychosenf
orl
eisur
eshoul
dnotbr
ingr
egr
etst
otheper
son.Forexampl
e
manypeopl
eaf
terdr
inki
ngsuf
ferf
rom hangov
erandacci
dent
sandbodydef
ormi
ti
es
l
eadi
ngt
oregr
etst
othei
ndi
vi
dual
.

 Thel
eisur
eact
ivi
tychosenshoul
dnotr
esul
tint
odi
seases.Forexampl
esmocki
ngmay
l
eadt
olungcancersexual
int
ercour
semayl
eadt
oacqui
ri
ngofSTDSl
i
keAI
DS.

 I
nchoosi
ngal
eisur
eact
ivi
tyoneshoul
dputi
nmi
ndt
hati
tdoesnotcauseman’
s
ev
asi
onofGodbuti
nst
eadbr
ingshi
m cl
osert
oGod.Forexampl
eoneshoul
dtaket
ime
i
nbi
bler
eadi
ng,
pray
ers,
chur
chchoi
rpr
act
iceandmanyot
her
s
`
 Thel
eisur
eact
ivi
tychosenshoul
dnotbr
ingconf
li
ctsbet
weenpar
ent
s,chi
l
drenandt
he
gener
alsoci
ety
. I
nst
eadt
heact
ivi
tyshoul
dfost
ert
oget
her
nessandpr
omot
epeace
andst
abi
l
ity
.Forexampl
eshar
ingacommunalbeerpar
ty,i
ntr
oduct
ionorweddi
ng
par
ti
espl
usgr
aduat
ionpr
omot
est
oget
her
ness.

 Theact
ivi
tychosenshoul
dnotbr
ingaboutabst
inence/abandonmentofwor
kor
becomi
ngl
azyatwor
k. Somel
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kedr
inki
ngal
coholcr
eat
esl
azi
ness
orabsent
eei
sm atwor
k.

 Thet
ypeofl
eisur
eact
ivi
tychosenshoul
dbei
nli
newi
tht
hest
atel
awssoast
oav
oid
uncal
l
edf
ornegat
iveconsequences.Forexampl
egambl
i
ngi
nfor
m ofpl
ayi
ngcar
ds
mayl
eadt
oimpr
isonmentasi
tisagai
nstt
hest
atel
aws.

 Thet
ypeofl
eisur
echosenshoul
dbeeasi
l
yaccessi
blet
oal
lmember
soft
hesoci
ety
i
rr
espect
iveofsoci
alandeconomi
cdi
ff
erences. .Forexampl
epl
aygr
oundsshoul
d
benear
ert
otheschool
andopent
oal
lst
udent
stobeused.

 Thel
eisur
eact
ivi
tychosenshoul
dnotbecost
lyi
not
herwor
dsi
tshoul
denabl
epeopl
e
ofdi
ff
erenteconomi
cst
atust
obenef
itf
rom i
t.Forexampl
eat
tendi
ngone’
sgr
aduat
ion
par
ty.

 Theact
ivi
tychosenshoul
dbet
heonet
hatpr
omot
esone’
scul
tur
alv
aluesandi
dent
it
y.
Forexampl
ebeerpar
tycel
ebr
ati
ons,si
ngi
ng,danci
ng,i
ntr
oduct
ionandweddi
ngt
o
pr
omot
ecul
tur
alv
alues.

 Thet
ypeofl
eisur
echosenbyani
ndi
vi
dualoragr
oupofpeopl
eshoul
dbeabl
eto
pr
omot
epeopl
e’
sindi
vi
dual
tal
ent
swhi
chwi
l
lbenef
itt
hem andt
hecommuni
tyatl
arge.
Forexampl
eonej
oini
ngachur
chchoi
rmayhel
phi
m orhert
opr
omot
ethet
alento
si
ngi
ngandt
hismaybenef
itashe/
shebecomesagr
eatmusi
cianl
i
keJudi
thBabi
rye
andJul
i
eMut
esasi
ra.

THEI
MPORTANCE/ADVANTAGES/PURPOSESOFLEI
SURETODAY

 Lei
sur
eisasour
ceofi
ncomet
opr
ofessi
onalmusi
ciansl
i
keRober
tKel
l
y,Wi
l
son
Bugembe,JoseChamel
eon,BebeCool
,Ri
hanaandf
oot
bal
l
ersl
i
keChr
ist
ianoRonal
do
pl
ust
hreat
react
orsl
i
keAbbeyMuki
i
bi,Mar
iam Ndagi
reandmanyot
her
s t
hishas
hel
pedt
hem t
obeeconomi
cal
l
yst
abl
etot
hei
rfami
l
ies.

 Lei
sur
eisi
mpor
tantt
odayf
orr
efr
eshmentandr
elaxat
ionofone’
smi
ndandbodyt
hus
`
pr
omot
ionofone’
sheal
th.

 Lei
sur
ehasbeenusef
uli
nthatmanypeopl
eusei
ttor
enderv
olunt
aryser
vicest
othe
needy
. Fori
nst
ancedur
ingl
eisur
eti
mesomepeopl
etakeneedsl
i
kef
ood,
sugar
,soap
t
otheneedyf
ami
l
iesl
i
keSany
uBabi
esHomeatNal
ukol
ongohomeofel
der
ly.

 Lei
sur
eti
met
odayi
simpor
tantf
orpr
omot
ionofcul
tur
alv
aluesl
i
kedanci
ng‘
kadodi
’
amongt
heBagi
shuanddanci
ng‘
Nankasa’amongt
heGandaspl
usst
ory
-tel
l
ing,
pr
over
b,r
iddl
eandsi
ngi
ngwhi
char
etr
adi
ti
onal
.

 Todayl
eisur
ehasbeeni
mpor
tanti
nawayt
hati
tpr
omot
espr
act
icalski
l
lsuchas
maki
ngpot
s,pr
int
ingcl
othes,weav
ingbasket
sandmat
tressandmanyot
her
s. Thi
s
hel
pst
oear
nsomei
ncomet
othei
ndi
vi
dual
sandal
soi
sabl
etosust
aint
hei
rfami
l
ies.

 Lei
sur
ehaspr
omot
edspi
ri
tualdev
elopmentespeci
all
yforChr
ist
ianswhousei
tfor
bi
bler
eadi
ng,
pray
er,
prai
seandwor
shi
pandsel
f-r
efl
ect
ion.

 Nat
ionaluni
tyhasbeenpr
omot
edt
hroughobser
vat
ionofl
eisur
e. I
mpor
tantnat
ional
day
sli ndependenceday9th Oct
kei ober
,labourday1stMay sday8th Mach,
,women’
Ugandamar
tyr
sdayJunehav
ebeenobser
vedi
nUgandadur
ingourl
eisur
eti
me
becauset
hosear
enotnor
mal
day
sforwor
k.

 Todayl
eisur
eisi
mpor
tantf
orr
est
ori
ngl
ostener
gydur
ingwor
khencecommandi
ng
goodheal
thf
ort
hewor
kert
hatpr
omot
esl
abourpr
oduct
ivi
ty.

 I
thel
pst
odev
elopandst
rengt
henr
elat
ionshi
pamongpeopl
e.Forexampl
eiti
sdur
ing
l
eisur
eti
met
hatpeopl
emakev
isi
tsorcommuni
cat
ionst
othei
rfr
iendsandr
elat
ives.
Fori
nst
ance,t
hese day
s’peopl
e spend t
hei
rlei
sur
eti
me on f
ace book,wat
sup,
messengerchat
ti
ngwi
thf
ri
ends.

 Lei
sur
eisi
mpor
tantf
orper
sonalenj
oymentt
oday
.Forexampl
epeopl
espendt
hei
r
l
eisur
eti
mel
i
steni
ngt
omusi
c,wat
chi
ngmov
ies,
readi
ngmagazi
nesorbi
bleandmany
ot
her
s. Thusl
eadi
ngt
oment
alr
elaxat
ion.

 Lei
sur
ehasbeenadv
ant
ageoust
opeopl
etodayi
nawayt
hatsomeact
ivi
ti
esofl
eisur
e
l
i
kedr
inki
ngal
coholhel
pindi
vi
dual
stof
orgetpr
obl
emsi
nashor
tti
me.Forexampl
e
somepeopl
egot
obar
saf
tert
hedeat
hoft
hel
ovedone,br
okenr
elat
ionshi
pora
busi
nessl
oss. Thi
sbr
ief
lymakest
hem f
orgett
hei
rimmedi
atepr
obl
ems.

 Lei
sur
eti
mehasenabl
edpeopl
etoacqui
reknowl
edgeofdi
ff
erentl
evel
s.Forexampl
e
`
af
terr
eadi
ng magazi
nes,newspaper
s,nov
els and l
i
steni
ng t
oradi
o ort
elev
isi
on
pr
ogr
ammesonpol
i
ticshel
pssomei
ndi
vi
dual
sexpoundont
hei
rpol
i
tical
awar
eness.

 Lei
sur
eisi
mpor
tantf
ordev
elopmentofi
ndi
vi
dualt
alent
. Manypeopl
ehav
eear
neda
l
i
vingt
hroughpr
omot
ingt
hei
rtal
ent
sli
kef
oot
bal
lpl
ayi
ng,
singi
ng,
swi
mmi
ngandmany
ot
her
s

 Lei
sur
ehel
psust
oref
lectonourl
i
vesandachi
evementandf
ail
uresandt
henmake
newpl
ansf
orbet
terf
utur
e.

 Conduct
ingt
owar
dsi
nvar
iouspl
aceswhi
chi
soneoft
hel
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esdonehasl
ed
t
oacqui
sit
ionofknowl
edgeandappr
eci
ati
onofnat
ure.Forexampl
epeopl
emake
geogr
aphi
calt
our
stogr
eatl
akes,hi
l
ls,beaches,i
ndust
ri
es,nat
ionalpar
ks,wi
l
dli
fe
cent
resandmanyot
her
s

 Lei
sur
ehasbenef
it
ed somepeopl
ethr
ough acqui
ri
ng mar
ri
agepar
tner
s. Some
r
elat
ionsst
artonf
acebookorwat
supandt
hegeogr
aphi
cal
tour
s.

 Beaut
ycont
est
sasaf
orm ofl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
espr
omot
esawar
enessandpr
idef
orone’
s
cul
tur
eamongt
hey
out
h. Thi
sencour
agespr
eser
vat
ionofAf
ri
cancul
tur
alv
alues
suchasdr
essi
ngf
eedi
nghabi
ts.

 Lei
sur
eti
mepr
ovi
desanoppor
tuni
tyt
othewor
ker
stobewi
tht
hei
rfami
l
ymember
s.
Thi
susual
l
yoccur
sonSat
urday
sorSunday
swhenmanypeopl
ear
eawayf
rom dut
y.

OUTLI
NEHOW ASACHRI
STI
ANYOUWOULDSPENDYOURLEI
SURETI
ME

AsaChr
ist
ianIwoul
dpassmyl
eisur
eti
mei
nthef
oll
owi
ngway
s;

 Maki
nghandi
craf
t.Forexampl
eweav
ingbasket
s,car
pet
s.

 Get
ti
ngi
nvol
vedi
nvol
unt
aryact
ivi
ti
es,
hel
pingt
heneedyasaChr
ist
ianshoul
ddo.

 Vi
sit
ingf
ri
ends,
rel
ati
ves,
shar
ingf
oodwi
tht
hem i
deasandmanyot
her
s

 Vi
sit
ing t
he si
ck,or
phans,pr
isoner
s and ot
herdi
sadv
ant
aged member
s ofour
`
communi
ty.

 Hel
pingourpar
ent
s.Thati
stosay
,doi
ngdomest
icwor
k.Forexampl
ecl
eani
ngt
he
compound,
prepar
ingt
hesi
tt
ingr
oom andmanyot
her
s

 Goi
ngt
ochur
chonSunday
sorSat
urday
stof
ell
owshi
pwi
thGodandot
herChr
ist
ians.

 Hav
ingshor
twal
ksi
ntheev
eni
ngandi
nsodoi
ngadmi
ri
ngt
hebeaut
yofGod’
s
cr
eat
ion.

 Iwoul
dent
ert
ainot
her
sChr
ist
iansbyor
gani
zi
ngf
oot
bal
lteams,si
ngi
ngChr
ist
ian
songsorst
agi
ngChr
ist
ianconcer
ts.

 Goi
ngt
ocr
usadesandl
i
steni
ngt
othewor
dofGod.

 Goi
ngt
opr
eacht
hewor
dofGodt
othosewhoneedi
t.

 Get
ti
ngi
nvol
vedi
ncounsel
i
ngser
vicest
othosei
ndi
str
ess,
emot
ional
l
ydepr
essedand
manyot
her
s

 Pr
ovi
desexeducat
iont
othey
oungi
nthef
ami
l
ies,t
eachi
ngt
hem howi
tisgoodt
obe
v
irt
uous.

 Iwoul
dor
gani
zeot
hermember
soft
hesoci
etyandgett
hem i
nvol
vedi
ncl
ubs. These
coul
dbet
aughtsomer
eadi
ngwr
it
ingandt
hrought
hisIcanassi
sti
nmi
nimi
zi
ng
i
l
li
ter
acywhi
chadangert
ooursoci
ety
.

 Iwoul
dal
soor
gani
zepubl
i
csemi
nar
sinwhi
cht
opi
csconcer
ningmor
ali
ty,
responsi
ble
ci
ti
zenshi
ps,
rel
i
gionandsoci
etycoul
dbedi
scussed.

 Dur
ingl
eisur
eti
me,Chr
ist
ianl
i
ter
atur
eoranyot
hereducat
ivel
i
ter
atur
ecoul
dber
ead.
Thi
swoul
dber
elat
edt
oli
fesi
tuat
ions.

HOW LEI
SUREI
SMI
SUSEDTODAY

 Gambl
i
ng

 Dr
ugabusel
i
ket
aki
ngkuber
,Vi
agr
a

 Smocki
ng

 Par
ti
ng

 Al
cohol
i
sm
`
 Gossi
ping(
1Pet
er4:
15-
16)

 Engagi
ngi
nwor
ldgames.
g.wr
est
li
ng

 Wat
chi
ngoract
ingpor
nogr
aphy

 Remai
ningi
dlef
oral
ongt
ime

HOW DI
DTHEAFRI
CANSENJOYLEI
SURETI
ME?

 Peopl
eenj
oyedact
ivel
eisur
ethr
oughdances,f
est
ival
s,songshencet
heyent
ert
ained
eachot
her
.

 Thr
oughbeerpar
ti
eswher
etheywoul
dsi
tandshar
e.

 Ther
ewer
ewr
est
li
ng compet
it
ionsbet
ween cl
ans. Peopl
ecoul
d behappyand
r
eleaset
hei
remot
ions.

 Hunt
ingwasy
etanot
heract
ivi
tyi
nwhi
chAf
ri
cansspentt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
me.

 Peopl
ewoul
dsi
tandi
mpar
teducat
iontt
hei
rchi
l
dren. Mor
ali
tywasi
mpar
tedt
othe
y
out
hint
heev
eni
ngsbyel
der
lymember
s.

 Peopl
ecoul
dal
sosacr
if
icet
oancest
orsandGod. Hence,t
her
ewassomer
eli
gious
connot
ati
oni
nsuchat
ypeofcel
ebr
ati
on.

 Someot
her
scoul
ddev
elopt
hei
rski
l
lsbymaki
ngr
opes,car
pet
s,pot
s,basket
sand
manyot
her
s

 Dur
ingt
heni
ghthour
s,chi
l
drencoul
dbet
oldal
otoft
hei
rhi
stor
y,cul
tur
ethr
oughf
olk
st
ori
es,
tal
es. Thi
spr
ovi
dedr
elax
ati
onofmi
nds.

 Peopl
ecoul
dgeti
nvol
vedi
ncer
tai
ncer
emoni
essuchasi
nit
iat
ioncer
emoni
es,
weddi
ng
par
ti
es. Thei
rmi
ndswer
eswi
tchedt
osomeot
hert
hings.

 Womencoul
duset
hist
imet
obeaut
if
ythei
rbodi
es,sof
teni
ngt
hei
rski
ns,whi
chmade
t
hem at
tract
ive.

 Mencoul
dal
sogeti
nvol
vedi
npuzzl
es,composi
ngpoems,t
eachi
ngpr
over
bsand
manyot
her
s

 Lei
sur
ewasf
orcommuni
tybui
l
ding,
itwasi
ntendedt
oenhancej
oyandhappi
nessand
t
her
ewasnospeci
fi
cti
mef
orl
eisur
e.

CHARACTERI
STI
CSOFLEI
SUREI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY
`
 I
tfocusedatbui
l
dingmor
alst
opeopl
e.

 I
tcr
eat
edenj
oyment
. Fori
nst
ancedur
ingt
het
windancecer
emoni
esamongt
he
Baganda(
okwal
ulaabal
ongo)t
hesewer
ewi
despr
eadcer
emoni
esofdanci
ng.

 Lei
sur
ewasnott
imet
abl
ed.

 Lei
sur
ewaseducat
iveandmol
dedt
hemor
alsoft
hey
oungl
i
kepoems.

 I
ttar
get
edpr
omot
ingt
alentf
orexampl
eat
hlet
icsandpl
ayi
ngxy
lophone(
amadi
nda)
andmanyot
her
s.

 Sexi
spl
ayeddur
ingl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
es.

 Lei
sur
eenhancedspi
ri
tualdev
elopment
.Forexampl
eamongt
heJapadhol
abef
ore
dr
inki
ngl
ocalbr
ewcal
l
edkongo,al
i
ttl
ewoul
dbepour
eddownf
ort
heancest
orsand
gods.

 Lei
sur
ewascostf
ree.

 I
twascommunal
l
ycel
ebr
ated.Forexampl
eint
roduct
ioncer
emoni
esandbl
oodpact
s.

 Chi
l
drenwer
erest
ri
ctedt
otakesomel
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esal
ongwi
thel
der
s. Forexampl
e
amongt
heBaki
gai
twasi
mpossi
blef
orpeopl
etodr
inkmul
ambat
othel
evelof
st
agger
ing.

 Lei
sur
eti
mewasusedf
orchi
l
dnami
ngwhi
chi
nvol
veddances,f
east
ing,anddr
inki
ng
f
orexampl
eamongt
heBagandai
twasat
imeof‘
Kwal
ulaBal
ongo’
.

 Lei
sur
eti
mewasusedf
orcel
ebr
ati
ngpuber
tyr
it
ual
s.Forexampl
eci
rcumci
sionamong
t
heBagi
shuwhi
chl
ast
edf
rom Junet
oDecemberev
eryev
eny
ear
.

 Mar
ri
agecer
emoni
eswer
eor
gani
zeddur
ingl
eisur
eti
me.

 Lastf
uner
alr
it
eswer
ecel
ebr
atedi
nlei
sur
eti
meespeci
all
yamongt
heBaganda.

 Lei
sur
ewasusedf
orf
ir
esi
del
essonsf
ort
hey
out
h(enger
oorpr
over
bs)

 Lei
sur
eti
mecoul
dbeatt
imesusedt
ogetl
eisur
e.Forexampl
eBambaofRwenzor
i
Mount
ainwenthunt
ing.

WHYI
SLEI
SURETI
MEHI
GHLYMI
SUSEDTODAY?

 Theexi
stenceofaper
missi
vesoci
ety
. Peopl
efeelar
efr
eet
odowhat
evert
heywi
sh
nomat
tert
heconsequences.
`
 Thei
ntr
oduct
ionofmoder
ntechnol
ogyhasaccel
erat
edt
hemi
suseofl
eisur
e.For
exampl
ethecomi
ngofpor
nogr
aphi
cfi
l
msandf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmeasur
esl
i
kecondoms.

 Theexi
stenceofweakl
awsi
naddi
ti
ont
ofai
l
uret
oimpl
ement
. Thosei
nexi
stencef
or
exampl
epr
ost
it
uti
oni
snotal
l
owedi
nUgandabutduet
oweakl
awsi
thascont
inued
bei
ngpr
act
iced.

 Lei
sur
ehascont
inuedbei
ngmi
susedbecauseofl
ossofr
espectofcul
tur
alv
alues.
Manypeopl
etodaydi
spl
ayorper
for
minnudedances(
kimansul
o)duet
odecl
i
neof
cul
tur
alv
alues.

 Lei
sur
ehasbeenmi
susedbecauseofcommer
cial
i
zingt
hei
ndust
ry. Peopl
ear
emor
e
i
nter
est
edi
nmoneymaki
ngandt
her
efor
etheydonotmi
ndengagi
ngi
nimmor
alact
s
l
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
on.

 Lei
sur
e has been mi
sused because peopl
efeelhope l
ess af
teracqui
ri
ng AI
Ds.
Ther
efor
esomepeopl
ejustcont
inuei
nvol
vi
ngi
nadul
ter
yorsexualr
elat
edi
ssuesnot
mi
ndi
ngaboutt
hei
rli
febecauset
heyknowt
heyhal
fwaydeadandal
i
ve.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofdr
ugshasi
ncr
easedmi
suseofl
eisur
e. Suchdr
ugsont
hemar
ket
l
i
kekuber
,Vi
agr
a,cocai
nebei
ng consumed bymanyy
out
hsi
n sl
um ar
eashav
e
r
ender
edt
hem i
ntoengagi
ngi
nimmor
alact
sdur
ingl
eisur
eti
me.Forexampl
erape,
def
il
ementandhi
ghwayr
obber
y.

 Thehi
ghsenseofi
rr
eli
giousnessamongpeopl
etodayhasi
ncr
easedmi
suseofl
eisur
e.
Manypeopl
etendt
ogof
orf
ell
owshi
psi
npl
acesl
i
keNaki
vuboorNambool
ecl
aimi
ng
t
hathav
egonef
orpr
ayer
s.Howev
eri
thasbeenf
oundoutt
hatsomeoft
hosepeopl
e
got
her
etocor
ngi
rl
sev
idencedbycondomst
hatar
efoundont
hegr
oundt
hef
oll
owi
ng
day
.

 I
dlenesshasal
soi
ncr
easedmi
suseofl
eisur
e.Fori
nst
ancemanyoft
hepr
ost
it
utes
whom t
hepol
i
cemengr
abal
ongst
reet
sli
keNi
l
eav
enuei
nKampal
ahav
eev
erbeen
st
udent
sinuni
ver
sit
iesl
i
keMaker
erebutduet
ofai
l
uret
ogetj
obshav
eendedupi
nto
suchbusi
ness.

 Thei
nfl
uenceofwest
erncul
tur
ehasi
ncr
easedmi
suseofl
eisur
einUgandat
oday
.
Af
ri
cansl
i
keUgandanshav
ebeent
akenupi
nthest
yleoft
hewest
ernf
ormsofl
eisur
e
andsomeoft
hem ar
eimmor
al.Forexampl
eexposur
einbeaut
ycont
est
swhi
chl
eadt
o
exposur
eofsomegi
rl
s’pr
ivacyt
othecongr
egat
ionwat
chi
ng.
`
 Somet
imest
oomuchr
est
ri
cti
onsl
eadt
omi
suseofl
eisur
e. I
tissai
dthati
nsi
ngl
e
school
sforgi
rl
sli
keNabi
sunsaGi
rl
s’SSt
heyt
endt
opr
act
icehabi
tsl
i
kel
esbi
ani
sm
becauset
heschoolr
ulesandr
egul
ati
onsar
etoost
ri
ctanddonotgi
vet
hem chancet
o
meetboy
s.

 Peer
sinf
luencemi
suseofl
eisur
etoday
. Somey
oungmenandwomeni
nfl
uence
f
ri
endst
obehav
ethewayt
heydo.Forexampl
esmocki
ng,t
aki
ngal
coholdur
ingt
hei
r
l
eisur
eti
me.

 Lackofsel
fcont
rolhasi
ncr
easedmi
suseofl
eisur
e. Manyy
out
hgot
othebeachf
or
f
unendupmi
susi
ngt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
met
hroughi
nvol
vi
ngi
nact
sofsexor
giesor
becomi
ngdr
unkar
ds.

ASSESSTHEI
MPACTOFTHELEI
SUREI
NDUSTRYUPONTHEUGANDANSOCI
ETY

Thel
eisur
eindust
ryr
efer
stoanybusi
nessent
erpr
iset
hatspeci
ali
zesi
npr
ovi
ding
ent
ert
ainmentt
othepeopl
eandal
somanuf
act
uri
ngofgadget
sandequi
pment
sthat
ent
ert
ainpeopl
e.

Toal
argerext
ent
,thel
eisur
eindust
ryhashadt
hef
oll
owi
ngposi
ti
vei
mpactt
othe
Ugandansoci
ety
;

 The l
eisur
eindust
ryhasaccel
erat
ed i
nfr
ast
ruct
uraldev
elopment
sin Uganda.For
exampl
ehot
els,
theat
ers,
amusementcent
ersl
i
keWonderWor
ldatKansanga.

 Thel
eisur
eindust
ryhaspr
ovi
dedav
ari
etyofchoi
cesofl
eisur
e.I
nthi
scaseUganda
hasbey
ond40FM r
adi
ost
ati
onsandmor
ethan10TVs.

 Thel
eisur
eindust
ryhaspr
omot
edev
angel
i
sm.Manypeopl
eli
stent
oev
angel
i
sm on
suchr
adi
ost
ati
onsl
i
ker
adi
oMar
ia,
Impact
,Al
pha,
Sal
tandTel
evi
sionst
ati
onsl
i
keTop
t
elev
isi
on,
Kingdom t
elev
isi
on,
channel
44Mi
racl
etel
evi
sionandmanyot
her
s.

 I
thaspr
ovi
dedempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
esl
i
ke.r
adi
oorTVpr
esent
ers,
hot
elat
tendant
s
l
i
keSer
ena,
Imper
ial
,Equat
ori
alhot
els.

 Thel
eisur
eindust
ryhaspr
omot
edmanypeopl
e’
stal
ent
sinsi
gni
ng,danci
ng,and
dr
ama.Theat
erLaboni
ta,Batv
all
eyt
hreat
rear
esomeoft
hev
ari
ouscent
reswher
e
sucht
alent
sar
eexhi
bit
ed.

 I
thasbr
oughthonourandf
ameuponsomepeopl
eandt
hecount
ryatl
arge.For
exampl
ethosewhoengagei
nMi
ssUganda,pr
ofessi
onalf
oot
bal
l
ersl
i
keRonal
doand
`
dr
amat
ist
s.Forexampl
e Al
oysi
us Mat
ovu Joy
,Andr
ew Benon Ki
buuka,Pat
ri
co
Muj
uuka,
Mal
i
achi
andmanyot
her
s.

 I
thashel
pedt
heur
banel
i
test
okeepf
itandhav
eheal
thyl
i
febygoi
ngt
ogy
ms.

 I
thas al
so i
ncr
eased on t
he r
evenue base oft
he count
ryf
ori
nst
ance when
i
nter
nat
ionalf
oot
bal
lmat
chesar
eor
gani
zedbet
weenUgandaandot
herst
atesl
i
ke
Keny
a,t
hegov
ernmenti
sgi
vensomer
evenuebyt
heor
gani
zer
s.

 I
thaspr
omot
edsoci
ali
nter
act
ion.Forexampl
ewhenpeopl
egoandwat
chmusi
c
showsandot
herent
ert
ainment
sli
kekandol
i
ndol
itheymeetnewf
ri
ends.

 I
thel
pspeopl
etoknow whati
sgoi
ngoni
nthecount
ryort
hewor
ld. Fori
nst
ance
wat
chi
ngnewsonCNNorBBC,
NTV,
Bukeddeandmanyot
her
s

 Anypeopl
ehav
einv
est
edi
nthel
eisur
eindust
ryandhav
eimpl
ement
edt
hei
rincome.
Forexampl
e Sudhi
rRupal
eri
a who owns WonderWor
ld amusement
s cent
eri
n
Kansanga- Kampal
adi
str
ict
..

 Thel
eisur
eindust
ryhasmadesomepeopl
etourpl
acest
heywoul
dnothav
eli
sted
bef
ore. Fori
nst
ancemusi
cianswhomov
eabr
oadt
oAmer
ica,Br
it
ain,Swedent
o
per
for
mforUgandanst
her
e.

Toasmal
l
erext
ent
,lei
sur
eindust
ryhaspl
ayedt
hef
oll
owi
ngnegat
ivet
oUgandans;

 Thel
eisur
eindust
ryhaspr
omot
edi
ndecentdr
essi
ng.Forexampl
eredpepperand
Bukeddenewspaperoccasi
onal
l
yshow i
ndecent
lydr
essedwomenl
i
kei
nbar
sor
beaches.

 I
thasaccel
erat
eduseofobscenel
anguagei
nthepubl
i
casi
fiti
snor
malf
ori
nst
ance
useofwor
dsl
i
kef
ucky
oucommonl
yusedi
nhi
ghschool
mov
ies.

 Manyl
eisur
efor
msar
ousesexualf
eel
i
ngst
obot
htheact
orsandt
hewat
cher
sfor
i
nst
ancet
hemov
iepl
ayed.

 I
tisexpensi
vef
oranav
erageUgandanst
oenj
oygoodl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
es. Fori
nst
ance
wat
chi
ngashowi
ntheat
reLaBoni
tamaycostone30,
000or50,
000whi
chmayl
ead
r
obber
yinor
dert
oacqui
remoney
.

 Manyl
eisur
eindust
ryact
ivi
ti
esunder
minet
hecul
tur
alv
aluesi
npr
efer
encef
orwest
ern
cul
tur
e.Thati
stosay
,manyy
out
hpr
eferl
i
steni
ngt
owest
ernmusi
cthanl
ocalmusi
c
`
‘
’
kadongokamu’
’
..

 I
thasi
ncr
easedper
missi
venessi
nthesoci
ety
. Fori
nst
ancemanyst
udent
sandot
her
coupl
esphot
oedatt
hebeachl
i
keLi
doar
efoundi
nsexual
rel
ati
ons.

 Manypeopl
ehav
ebeenaddi
ctedt
osubst
ancespr
omot
edbyt
hel
eisur
eindust
ryt
oday
.
Forex
ampl
etaki
ngmar
ij
uana.

 Ov
erenj
oymentofl
eisur
ehaspr
omot
edv
aluest
hatar
eagai
nstr
eli
gioust
eachi
ngand
t
his has r
esul
ted i
nto pagani
sm. Fori
nst
ance manyf
uns ofshadows Angel
s
abandonedD.
JRogerMugi
shawhenechoset
obecomeabor
nagai
n.

 I
thasl
edt
oincr
easedl
evelofcr
imesi
nUgandal
i
ket
hepi
ckpocket
erswhosnat
ch
phonesl
i
kedur
ingshowsatLugogoorNambool
e.

 Thel
eisur
eindust
ryhaspr
omot
edv
iol
enceamongt
hey
ounggener
ati
onwhowat
ch
mov
iesl
i
ket
hoseofJohnRenbow.

 I
thaspr
omot
edsexual
immor
ali
tyl
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
oni
npl
acesl
i
keSaxpubi
nKampal
aor
atcl
ubsl
i
keSi
l
kandAngenoi
r.

 Unwant
edpr
egnanci
eshav
eincr
easedi
nsoci
etypar
tl
yduet
oov
erenj
oymentoft
he
l
eisur
eindust
ry.

 Manychi
l
drenhav
eendedonst
reet
sbecauset
hei
rmot
her
sabandont
hem af
terbei
ng
pr
oducedbecauset
heywer
eimpr
egnat
edacci
dent
all
ybyunknownmen.

MODERNATTI
TUDESTOWARDSLEI
SURETI
MESPENDI
NG

 Todayt
her
eisneed f
ormoneyso ast
o enj
oyl
eisur
ethusl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esar
e
commer
cial
i
zed.

 Sel
f-choi
ceofl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esi
sver
ycommont
odayduet
oper
missi
veness. Unl
i
ke
I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywher
etheel
der
ssel
ect
edanddi
ctat
edt
het
ypeofl
eisur
e
act
ivi
tyt
hey
oungoneshadt
oenj
oy.Todayt
hey
out
hchooseper
sonal
l
ythel
eisur
e
act
ivi
tyt
oenj
oy.
`
 Todaymostway
sofspendi
ngl
eisur
eti
mear
epassi
veduet
owest
erni
nfl
uence.Many
peopl
espendt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
mewat
chi
ng;
other
sactpl
ays,
gamesorwat
chi
ngf
il
ms.

 Todayl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esar
elesssoci
alduet
othef
actt
hatl
eisur
eiscommer
cial
i
zed
t
her
efor
ether
eisr
educedl
eisur
esol
i
dar
it
yoruni
tybasedonl
eisur
e.

 Todayt
her
ear
esomepeopl
ewhohav
enocommuni
tyi
nwhi
cht
oenj
oyl
eisur
eduet
o
adopt
ingEur
opeant
ypeofl
i
fet
hatpr
omot
essel
fi
shness. Fori
nst
ancet
hosewho
st
ayi
nfencedhomest
heymayhav
epar
ti
esbutnei
ghbour
smaynotat
tend.

 Todayt
her
ear
eincr
easedmi
susesofl
eisur
ewher
ebymostpeopl
eengagei
nlei
sur
e
j
ustt
ospendl
i
kegoi
ngt
othebeachexceptaf
ewl
eisur
emaker
ssuchasmusi
ci
ans
anddr
amat
ist
swhomakemoneyoutofl
eisur
e.

 Duet
otheneedt
ogetmoneyandenj
oycommer
cial
i
zedl
eisur
e,manyev
il
shav
e
cr
oppedupsuchaspi
ckpocket
ingandpr
ost
it
uti
on.

 Ther
eisi
ncr
easedgapbet
weent
her
ichandpoorbecausel
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esar
ehi
ghl
y
commer
cial
i
zed. Thi
sleadst
othepoort
oremai
nmi
ser
abl
eandf
rust
rat
edwhent
hey
seet
her
ichenj
oyi
ngl
eisur
eli
kei
nbar
s,di
scos,
thebeachandmanyot
her
s

 Todaysomeway
sofcel
ebr
ati
ngl
eisur
eti
mehav
ebeent
ermedasper
missi
veandar
e
under
mined.Forexampl
edr
ummi
ngwhi
l
eatpar
ti
esl
i
keweddi
ngs.Thati
stosay
,
l
oosi
ngi
tst
radi
ti
onal
sense.

 Ther
ear
eincr
easedcasesofr
uralur
banmi
grat
ioni
nor
dert
oenj
oybet
terl
eisur
e
act
ivi
ti
esi
ntowns.Forexampl
egoi
ngt
othebeach,
vol
l
eybal
l
.

 Thel
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esoft
odayhav
ecl
assesbet
weent
heeducat
edandi
l
li
ter
ate,r
ich
andt
hepoorhencecr
eat
ingdi
suni
tyi
nthecommuni
ty.

 Unl
i
keI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyt
odaymostl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
est
hey
out
henj
oyar
e
r
elat
edt
osexmi
suse. Thet
ypeofdr
essi
nggi
rl
sputonast
heygot
oenj
oyl
eisur
e
t
imepr
omot
esf
orni
cat
ion,
adul
ter
y,pr
ost
it
uti
onandr
apeanddef
il
ement
.

 Thel
eisur
eindust
ryt
odayhasi
mpr
ovedmanypeopl
e’
sst
andar
dsofl
i
ving. Mostr
ich
peopl
enowt
heyar
emusi
cians,
act
orsorf
ootbal
l
ers.
`

SI
MILARI
TIESBETWEENTRADI
TIONALAFRI
CANANDMODERNWAYSOFSPENDI
NG
LEI
SURETI
ME

 Lei
sur
eisf
oreducat
ivepur
poses. I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,thepar
entandot
her
el
der
simpar
tedmor
alsandway
sofl
i
vingi
nthesoci
etyt
othey
oungonest
hrough
pr
over
bs,r
iddl
es,st
ori
esj
ustast
odaysemi
nar
s,wor
kshopsandconf
erencesar
e
or
gani
zedf
ort
hey
out
hteachi
ngt
hem onmat
ter
sli
keheal
th.

 I
nbot
hAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyandmoder
nsoci
eti
es,l
eisur
eisusedf
orr
elaxat
ion
orr
est
ori
ng ener
gyf
orbet
terheal
th. These r
elaxat
ions wer
e and ar
e al
way
s
accompani
edbyent
ert
ainmenti
nfor
m ofmusi
c.

 Justl
i
keI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,int
hemoder
nsoci
etyl
eisur
eisusedt
oest
abl
i
sh
and cementr
elat
ionshi
ps. Peopl
evi
sitf
ri
ends and r
elat
ives t
o mend br
oken
r
elat
ionshi
psamongmember
soft
hesoci
ety
.

 Lei
sur
eti
me i
n bot
h Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyand moder
n soci
etyi
s used f
or
i
nnov
ati
vet
hinki
nganddi
scussi
onswi
thpr
ogr
essorsecur
it
y. Thi
sisdonet
hrough
l
ocal
counci
lmeet
ings.

 Lei
sur
eisi
mpor
tantf
orspi
ri
tualdev
elopmentasnot
edi
nbot
hAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
etyandt
oday
. Tr
adi
ti
onal
l
ypeopl
eusedl
eisur
eti
met
ovi
sitancest
ralpl
aces,
of
fer
ingsacr
if
icesandt
hepr
ayer
stot
heancest
orst
oseekf
ort
hei
rbl
essi
ngsj
ustas
t
heChr
ist
iansgof
orr
eli
giousorpar
ti
cipat
ingi
nbi
blest
udi
esandof
ferpr
ayer
stoGod.

 Bot
hInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyandmoder
nsoci
etyl
eisur
eisf
orcour
tshi
paf
fai
rs.
Todayl
i
keI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etypeopl
elookf
orawoul
dbef
utur
epar
tneri
n
mar
ri
agedur
ingt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
me.

 I
nbot
hAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyandmoder
nsoci
etyl
eisur
eisusedf
orcel
ebr
ati
on
andmer
rymaki
ngespeci
all
yrel
atedt
o mar
ri
agecer
emoni
esbi
rt
hdaypar
ti
esand
ci
rcumci
sionpar
ti
es.

 Li
keI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,todayl
eisur
eisusedf
ordoi
ngchar
it
abl
ewor
kssuch
ashel
pingt
hepoor
,el
der
lyandl
esspr
ivi
l
eged. Thi
sst
rengt
hensr
elat
ionshi
psamong
member
soft
hecommuni
ti
es.

 I
nthemoder
nsoci
ety
,peopl
espendt
hei
rlei
sur
ecel
ebr
ati
ngbeerpar
ti
esl
i
kei
twasI
n
`
Af
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
. Peopl
emov
etobar
sespeci
all
yinev
eni
ngandweekends
t
oshar
ethej
okesandadr
inkwi
thot
her
sast
hatI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
etymov
edi
n
one’
shomet
oshar
ethebeer
.

 I
nbot
hAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyandmoder
nsoci
ety
,lei
sur
eisusedf
ordev
elopment
ofpeopl
e’
stal
ent
s.I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etypeopl
espentt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
mesi
ngi
ng,
danci
nganddoi
nghandcr
aftasal
sot
odaypeopl
espendl
eisur
eti
medoi
ngt
hesamei
n
addi
ti
ont
opl
ayi
ngf
oot
bal
l
,whi
chpr
omot
eseconomi
candheal
thyst
andar
ds.

 Bot
hIn Af
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyand moder
n soci
ety
,lei
sur
eisut
il
ized t
hrough
sol
vi
ngconf
li
cts. Fori
nst
ancedur
ingweekendsl
i
keSunday
,meet
ingsar
econduct
ed
t
osol
vegr
iev
ancesbet
weenv
il
lagemember
sli
keov
erl
andi
nboundar
ies.

 I
nbot
hAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyandmoder
nsoci
ety
,lei
sur
eisor
gani
zedont
heon
t
hebasi
sofage,
sexandst
atus. Ther
ichcel
ebr
atedi
ff
erentki
ndsofl
eisur
efr
om t
he
poor
. Fori
nst
anceast
hepoorwat
chf
oot
bal
lmat
chont
heTV,t
her
ichpayf
ort
he
t
icketandwat
chl
i
nemat
ches.

Di
ff
erences

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
eswer
emai
nlyact
iveandcr
eat
ivel
i
ke
si
ngi
nganddanci
ngbutt
odaymanyl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esar
epassi
veandl
essl
ear
ningl
i
ke
wat
chi
ngf
il
ms.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,lei
sur
ewasgui
dedbyel
der
stol
i
mitt
hey
out
hfr
om sex
dev
iat
ionsandal
cohol
i
sm y
ett
oday
,they
out
hhav
eli
ber
tyt
ochooset
hei
rlei
sur
e
act
ivi
ti
es.

 Unl
i
keI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,wher
elei
sur
ewasf
reef
orev
ery
one,i
ncl
udi
ng
st
ranger
swhopar
ti
cipat
edi
nbeerpar
ti
es,
todayl
eisur
ear
esocommer
cial
i
zedandnot
ev
enal
lri
chpeopl
eat
tendsomel
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
es.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyl
eisur
eti
mehel
pedt
obr
ingpeopl
ecl
oset
oGodt
hough
of
fer
ingpr
ayer
sandsacr
if
icesunl
i
ket
odayduet
otoomuchwor
k,somepeopl
ehav
e
usedt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
met
oev
adebywor
kingev
enont
heSabbat
h.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyl
eisur
eti
mewasl
essbor
ingbecauseal
mostev
ery
onehad
`
al
eisur
eact
ivi
tyt
oper
for
myett
odayl
eisur
eisbor
ingbecauset
her
ear
especi
ali
zed
l
eisur
eof
fer
sthatar
epai
dforl
i
kemusi
ciansanddr
amat
ist
s.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,lei
sur
ewascommunal
l
ycel
ebr
atedl
i
ket
heweddi
ngbut
t
odaymostpar
ti
eschar
act
eri
zed byi
nvi
tat
ion car
ds,whi
ch l
i
mit
sthenumberof
at
tendant
s.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,lei
sur
eact
ivi
ti
esai
medatpr
omot
ingcul
tur
alv
aluesand
nor
msl
i
kel
anguagesdr
essi
ngst
yle,danci
ngunl
i
ket
hemoder
nlei
sur
eact
ivi
ti
essuch
asl
i
steni
ngt
oradi
o,wat
chi
ngt
elev
isi
on.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,ther
ewasspi
ri
tofhospi
tal
i
tydur
ingl
eisur
ecel
ebr
ati
ons
t
hatI
s ev
erymemberoft
he communi
tyas wel
las st
ranger
s wer
e al
l
owed t
o
par
ti
cipat
einl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kebeercel
ebr
ati
ony
ett
her
eisal
otofi
ndi
vi
dual
i
sm
t
odayi
ncel
ebr
ati
onofl
eisur
eti
mebecausei
tishi
ghcommer
cial
i
zed.

 Wher
easI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
escement
edmar
ri
ageandf
ami
l
y
r
elat
ionshi
ps,t
odayl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
eshav
eledt
ofami
l
ybr
eakdownbecauset
heyar
e
enj
oyedi
ndi
vi
dual
l
ycausi
ngsuspi
ci
on.Fori
nst
anceamandr
inki
ngal
coholal
oneand
comi
ngbackhomel
atel
i
kemi
dni
ght
.

 Thel
eisur
eact
ivi
tyI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywer
egr
ant
edyel
der
sandensur
ed
heal
thbutt
oday
’sl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esposeal
otoft
hreAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyt
o
humanl
i
fe.Forexampl
ewr
est
li
ng,
disco,
mot
orr
all
yi
nganswi
mmi
ng(
abi
gnumberof
peopl
edi
edi
nLi
dobeachdur
ingX-
massper
iods)andnewy
ear
sday
.

 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,lei
sur
ewasof
fer
edspeci
fi
candl
i
mit
edt
imet
opav
eway
f
orwor
kunl
i
ket
odaywher
esomepeopl
edonotwor
katal
landspendt
hei
rlei
sur
e
t
imei
nlei
sur
eact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kegambl
i
ng,
dri
nki
ngal
cohol
andmanyot
her
s

 Thel
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyemphasi
zedsol
i
dar
it
y,communal
shar
ingandsuppor
ttooneanot
herwhi
l
ethemoder
nlei
sur
eact
ivi
ti
esencour
age
i
ndi
vi
dual
i
sm duet
ocommer
cial
i
zat
ionofl
eisur
eandhi
ghcost
sofl
i
vingi
ntowns.

I
MPORTANCEOFBEERPARTYASALEI
SUREACTI
VITYI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONAL
`
SOCI
ETY

 Abeerpar
tywasi
mpor
tantf
orcar
ryi
ngoutr
econci
l
iat
ionamongconf
li
cti
ngmember
s
oft
hecommuni
ty.Thi
spr
omot
edsoci
alst
abi
l
ityt
henaf
teradi
sput
ehadbeenset
tl
ed
byel
der
s.

 Abeerpar
tycel
ebr
ati
onmar
kedat
ransi
ti
onf
rom chi
l
dhoodt
oadul
thood. Al
way
s
beerwasper
sev
eredf
orol
dpeopl
ether
efor
ewhenev
eronewasal
l
owedt
opar
ti
cipat
e
i
nabeerpar
ty;
iti
mpl
i
edt
hathehadgr
ownup.Thati
stosay
,becameanadul
t.

 Beerwaspatoft
hecust
om ofl
i
bat
ionst
hatwer
esupposedt
obeof
fer
edt
othe
deceased f
ort
hanki
ng t
hem f
ort
hei
rbl
essi
ngst
othef
ami
l
y. I
n mostAf
ri
can
cer
emoni
esl
i
kebr
ideweal
thpay
mentbeerwaspour
eddownf
ort
heancest
orst
otake
t
hei
rshar
eandbl
esst
hecoupl
e.

 Beerwasv
italf
orhel
pingt
heaggr
iev
edmember
soft
hecommuni
tyt
ofor
gett
roubl
es
andmost
lyexper
iences(
lossoft
hei
rdearone)
. Forexampl
ebeerwasal
way
s
i
mpor
tantonanybur
ialpl
aceandcel
ebr
ati
onoft
hel
astf
uner
alr
it
esl
ocal
l
yknownas
okwaby
aol
umbe.

 Beerpar
tycel
ebr
ati
onswer
eusedf
orat
tai
ningmar
ri
agepar
tner
s.I
nsomesoci
eti
es
l
i
ket
heBany
ankol
esomeonewoul
dgi
vei
nhi
sdaught
ert
oaf
ri
endt
ogetmar
ri
edt
o
hi
m ort
ohi
ssonaf
terget
ti
ngexci
tedwi
thdr
inki
ngal
cohol
.

 Beerwas consumed i
n many Af
ri
can soci
eti
es as a heal
th dr
ug.Fori
nst
ance
compl
i
cat
ionsl
i
kei
mpor
tanceandconst
ipat
ioncoul
dbecur
edt
hroughmi
xi
ngbeer
wi
thot
herl
ocal
her
bs.

 Beerpar
tycel
ebr
ati
onspr
ovi
ded ent
ert
ainmentt
ofr
iendsand r
elat
ivesI
nAf
ri
can
t
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
. Ast
heyt
ookbeert
heyat
e,danced,sungandhadr
oast
edmeat
whi
chmadet
heoccasi
oncol
our
ful
.

 Abeerpar
tycel
ebr
ati
onpr
ovi
dedanoppor
tuni
tyt
oat
tai
nunknowni
nfor
mat
ionf
rom
member
soft
hesoci
ety
. Aspeopl
eat
eanddr
unkf
reel
y,t
heyendedupt
alki
ngal
lthei
r
secr
etsanddi
scussi
ngot
heri
mpor
tantmat
ter
sconcer
ningt
hewel
l
bei
ngoft
hei
r
soci
ety
.

 I
tpr
omot
eddi
scussi
onamongdi
ff
erentcat
egor
iesofpeopl
eondi
ff
erentchal
l
enges
f
aci
ngt
hesoci
ety
. Thr
ought
aki
ngt
hebeerpeopl
ewoul
ddi
scusspol
i
ticali
ssues,
`
soci
alandeconomi
cmat
ter
sandpr
ovi
dedpossi
blesol
uti
ons.

 Abeerpar
tycel
ebr
ati
onwasi
mpor
tantbecausedi
sci
pli
newoul
dbei
mpar
tedamong
communi
tymember
s. Forexampl
eamongt
heLuoandLugbari
fonespokewi
thout
per
missi
onf
rom t
hechai
rman,
hisst
rawwoul
dbepul
l
edoutoft
hepotandsomet
imes
chasedawaybyt
hemember
s.

 Beerpar
tycel
ebr
ati
onswasencour
agedi
ntheAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etybecausei
t
hel
pedt
orev
ealt
hechar
act
erofi
ndi
vi
dual
sasaf
tert
aki
ngadr
inkpeopl
e’
schar
act
ers
andbehav
iour
swoul
dcomeoutcl
ear
ly.
Forexampl
euseofv
ulgarwor
ds,mov
ing
st
agger
ing.

ACCOUNTFORTHECHRI
STI
AN DI
SAPPROVALOFSECULARWAYSOFSPENDI
NG
LEI
SURE

Secul
arway
sofspendi
ngl
eisur
eti
mei
ncl
udeact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kewat
chi
ngpor
nogr
aphy
,
gambl
i
ng,wat
chi
ng f
ier
yani
mal
s,f
ight
ing,quar
rel
i
ng,dr
unkar
dness,wat
chi
ng and
l
i
steni
ngt
owor
ldl
ymusi
c,danceanddr
ama,wat
chi
ngbeaut
ycont
est
s,i
nvol
vi
ngi
n
sexual
immor
ali
tyandmanyot
her
s

Lar
gel
yChr
ist
iansdi
sappr
ovet
hesecul
arway
sofspendi
ngl
eisur
eti
mebecauseoft
he
f
oll
owi
ngway
s;

 Somesecul
arway
scauseunt
oldsuf
fer
ingt
othesoci
etyori
ndi
vi
dualbei
ngar
rest
ed.
Forexampl
eabr
otherbei
ngcaughti
ngambl
i
ngordr
inki
ngi
nawr
ongpl
aceatawr
ong
t
ime.

 Peopl
ehav
elostski
l
lsandcr
eat
ivi
tyduet
oinv
olv
ementi
npassi
vel
eisur
ewhi
chi
sal
so
unChr
ist
ian.Forexampl
ewat
chi
ngNi
ger
ianmov
iesandl
i
steni
ngt
owor
ldl
ymusi
c.

 Chr
ist
iansdi
sappr
ovel
eisur
espendi
ngl
i
kegambl
i
ngbecausei
thasi
ncr
easedl
evel
sof
l
azi
ness,
pov
ert
yandt
hef
t.

 Secul
arway
sofspendi
ngl
eisur
eti
mel
i
kewat
chi
ngbl
uemov
iesandr
eadi
ngsex
magazi
nesar
edi
sli
kedbyChr
ist
iansbecauset
heyhav
edest
roy
edt
hemor
alsoft
he
y
oung. Theyar
e ent
iced i
nto pr
act
ici
ng f
orni
cat
ion t
husr
iski
ng t
hei
rli
vesi
nto
`
acqui
ri
ngunwant
edpr
egnanci
esandsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seasesl
i
keHI
V/AI
DS.

 Thechur
chopposessecul
arl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esbecauset
heyi
ncr
easecasesofdr
ug
abusel
i
ket
aki
ngkuber
,cocai
ne,Vi
agr
a,henceaf
fect
ingpeopl
e’
sheal
thl
i
kel
ung
cancer
.

 Secul
arl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kewr
est
li
ngdr
unkar
dnessar
edi
sappr
ovedbyChr
ist
ians
becauset
heyhav
eledt
olossoft
radi
ti
onalcul
tur
alv
aluesl
i
keuni
ty,
act
sli
kewr
est
li
ng
i
nst
eadencour
agev
iol
encei
nasoci
ety
.

 Secul
arl
eisur
e act
ivi
ti
es ar
e di
sappr
oved bymanyChr
ist
ians because t
heyhav
e
wi
denedt
hegapbet
weent
her
ichandt
hepoory
etChr
ist
iani
tyencour
agest
her
icht
o
hel
pthepoor
.

 Youngpeopl
ehav
ebecomer
ebel
l
iousbot
hinhomesandatschool
sduet
ospendi
ng
mostoft
het
imeenj
oyi
ngsecul
arl
eisur
esuchaspl
ayi
ngcar
ds,wat
chi
ngmov
iesand
l
i
steni
ngt
osecul
armusi
crat
hert
handoi
ngwhati
srequi
redoft
hem byt
hei
rpar
ent
sor
byt
heschool
aut
hor
it
ies.

 Chr
ist
iani
ty di
sappr
oves secul
ar way
s of spendi
ng l
eisur
eti
me l
i
ke wat
chi
ng
por
nogr
aphi
cfi
l
ms because i
tpushes t
he y
out
hint
o act
sli
ke r
ape,def
il
ement
,
f
orni
cat
ionorear
lymar
ri
ages. Thi
shasl
edt
oincr
easedcasesofspr
eadi
ngAI
DSand
l
ossofl
i
vest
hroughabor
ti
on.

 Spendi
ngl
eisur
eti
met
hroughov
erdr
inki
ngi
sdi
sappr
ovedbyt
heChr
ist
iansbecausei
t
hasf
orcedmant
oev
adeGodbynotat
tendi
ngchur
chser
vices.

 Chr
ist
iani
tydi
sappr
ovessecul
arway
sofspendi
ngl
eisur
eti
mebecausei
thasl
edt
o
dubi
ousact
sli
kest
eal
i
ngamongpeopl
ewhol
ookf
ormoneyt
ogof
orent
ert
ainment
l
i
kei
nbeaches,
discohal
l
s.

 Secul
arl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esar
edi
sli
kedbyChr
ist
iansbecauset
heyar
eaddi
cti
vei
nnat
ure
whi
chmayf
orcesomeonet
owor
kthei
nfl
uenceofdr
ugsl
i
keal
cohol
.

 Thedanger
ousadv
ert
isementonr
adi
os,
tel
evi
sionsandnewspaper
sbasi
cal
l
yforbeer
andci
gar
ett
eshav
emadeChr
ist
ianst
oopposet
hem becauset
heycausedi
seases.

 Chr
ist
iani
tydi
sappr
ovessecul
arway
sofspendi
ngl
eisur
eti
mebecausei
thasopened
wayev
enf
ort
hey
oungonest
ogof
ordi
scoandt
akedr
ugsl
i
kekuber
,andmar
ij
uana
whi
char
ehar
mful
tot
hei
rheal
th.
`
FORMSOFLEI
SURE

MASSMEDI
A

Ref
erst
otheway
sthr
oughwhi
chi
nfor
mat
ioni
sci
rcul
atedi
nthecommuni
tyi
nthe
wor
ld. I
tincl
udesel
ect
roni
cmedi
ali
kenewspaper
s,magazi
nes,pamphl
etsand
br
ochur
es.

ASSESSTHEROLEOFTHEMASSMEDI
A ASA FORM OFLEI
SUREACTI
VITYOR
ENJOYMENTOFLEI
SURE

Posi
ti
ve

 Massmedi
aenabl
espeopl
etobei
nfor
medaboutev
ery
thi
nggoi
ngoni
nthewor
ldi
n
di
ff
erentf
iel
dsl
i
kepol
i
ticsandr
eli
giousaf
fai
rs.Forexampl
epeopl
ecanwat
chWBS,
NTV,
andNBSandf
oll
owt
heel
ect
ioncampai
gnofUSAt
oday
.

 Massmedi
ahasbeenusedasagoodav
enuef
ori
mpar
ti
ngnewi
deasi
nthesoci
ety
.
Forex
ampl
eradi
osandTel
evi
sionchannel
s.

 Massmedi
aact
sasal
eisur
eindust
ryandani
nvest
ment
.Forexampl
ethenewspaper
s
andt
elev
isi
onsBukeddet
elev
isi
onandnewspaper
sbyRober
tKabushenga.

 Themassmedi
ahasact
edasagoodsour
ceofent
ert
ainmentandr
elaxat
ionofone’
s
mi
nd. Fori
nst
ancepeopl
erel
axast
heyr
eadnewspaper
sli
keBukeddeandnew
v
isi
onnewspaper
sandl
i
steni
ngt
omusi
conr
adi
oandwat
chi
ngt
elev
isi
onpr
ogr
am.

 Themassmedi
ahouseshav
econt
ri
but
edt
ogov
ernmentt
axesal
othenceenabl
i
ng
t
hegov
ernmentt
ocar
ryouti
tspol
i
ciesf
ort
hegoodoft
heci
ti
zens.

 Themassmedi
achannel
shav
ehel
pedsomepeopl
etoacqui
remar
ri
agepar
tner
s.Thi
s
i
sdonet
hroughsur
fi
ngt
hei
nter
net
,readi
ngnewspaper
swi
thadv
ert
isi
ngt
hepeopl
e
sear
ch f
orpar
tner
s and al
so wat
chi
ng t
elev
isi
on pr
ogr
ams l
i
ke ‘
abanoony
a’on
Bukuddet
elev
isi
ononSat
urdayar
ound9:
30pm onBukeddeone.

 Mass medi
a channelhav
e hel
ped t
o pr
ovi
de empl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
es t
o many
Ugandans. Somanypeopl
egetj
obsasdi
scoj
oker
s,newsr
eader
sandpr
ogr
am
pr
esent
ers.

 Themassmedi
atool
shav
eact
edasst
ori
esofweal
thandi
nvest
ment
.Forexampl
e
Rober
tKabushengai
sver
yri
chbecauseheownsv
ari
oust
elev
isi
onst
atusl
i
keBukedde
`
1and2andnewspaper
sli
keBukeddenewspaper
,Bukeddet
elev
isi
onandBukedde
r
adi
o

 The mass medi

a as a l
eisur
e amusementchannelhas hel
ped t
o cor
rectwr
ong
i
nfor
mat
ioni
nthepubl
i
c. Fori
nst
anceheal
thwor
ker
sar
einv
itedont
elev
isi
onsor
r
adi
ost
ati
onsandhav
ecor
rect
edi
nfor
mat
ionconcer
ningf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodsand
i
mmuni
zat
ionadv
ant
agesj
ustaspol
i
tici
ansal
sododef
endt
hei
rpol
i
tical
par
ti
es.

 Themassmedi
achannel
shav
ebeenadv
ant
ageousi
nUgandai
nawayofspr
eadi
ng
God’
ski
ngdom. Di
ff
erentpeopl
epi
ckt
hewor
dofGodt
hroughl
i
steni
ngt
odi
ff
erent
r
adi
osst
ati
onsl
i
ker
adi
oMar
ia,Nami
rembeFM,Ki
ngdom FM,Topr
adi
oandwat
chi
ng
gospel
progr
ammesont
elev
isi
onsl
i
kechannel
44,
TopTV,
BukeddeoneonSunday
.

 Massmedi
apr
ovi
deasour
ceofr
esear
cht
hroughr
eadi
ngnewspaper
s,magazi
nes,
i
nter
netsur
fi
ngandl
i
steni
ngt
ovar
iouspol
i
ticalandr
eli
giouspr
ogr
ammesl
i
kef
ami
l
y
pl
anni
ngst
udent
sar
eabl
etoat
tai
nknowl
edgeonhowt
ocont
rol
themsel
vessexual
l
y.

 Mass medi
a hav
e encour
aged democr
acy i
nthe count
ryt
hrough f
reedom of
expr
essi
onanddi
scussi
onofi
deasbet
weenpeopl
efr
om di
ff
erentpol
i
ticalgr
oupsl
i
ke
Kabbi
nkanoonBukeddeTel
evi
sion.

Howev
ert
hef
oll
owi
ngar
ethedi
sadv
ant
agesofmassmedi
atoday
;

 Mostf
ormsofmassmedi
ali
ker
eadi
ngnewspaper
sandwat
chi
ngf
il
msont
elev
isi
on
of
ferpassi
vel
eisur
eleadi
ngt
odest
ruct
ionofpeopl
e’
sski
l
lsandcr
eat
ivi
tyandcausi
ng
bor
edom.

 Somef
ormsofmedi
aar
eonl
yfeasi
ble/
cent
redi
nur
banar
easwher
eel
ect
ri
cit
yand
net
wor
ksi
gnal
sar
eaccessi
ble. Thust
her
uralar
easar
edeni
edchancesofsuch
sour
cesofent
ert
ainmentl
i
kewat
chi
ngsomet
elev
isi
onchannel
s.

 Mostf
ormsofmassmedi
aonl
ypr
esentv
iewsoft
hei
nter
netgr
oupsandsomet
imes
mi
sint
erpr
eti
nfor
mat
ion. Fori
nst
anceUBC r
adi
oandt
elev
isi
onmai
nlybr
oadcast
gov
ernmenti
nter
neti
deasandl
eav
eoutacr
it
ici
sm. Thi
smaygi
veawr
ongpi
ctur
eto
t
hepubl
i
cthatal
lthi
ngsar
egood.

 Manyf
ormsofmassmedi
aar
eexpensi
vewhi
chdeni
est
hepoort
hechancet
oenj
oy
t
hei
rlei
sur
eti
mewel
l
. Forexampl
eadi
git
alsat
e-l
i
ghtt
elev
isi
ont
oday
`
August2016cost
satl
east140kwhi
chcannotbeaf
for
dedbyav
il
lageUgandan.

 Mostf
ormsofl
eisur
ear
eaf
fect
edbyl
anguagebar
ri
ersandt
her
efor
ecannotsecur
e
t
hewhol
ecommuni
ty.Forexampl
emostnewspaper
sar
ewr
it
ten i
n Engl
i
sh and
l
uganda.Ther
efor
ethei
l
li
ter
atear
edeni
edachanceofget
ti
ngpr
operi
nfor
mat
ionf
rom
suchpaper
s.

 Somemassmedi
afor
msdonotpr
omot
esoci
ali
zat
ion.Forexampl
eonemayi
gnor
ea
v
isi
torbecauseheorshei
sbusyr
eadi
ngnewspaper
sorwat
chi
ngt
elev
isi
onpr
ogr
ams.

 Mostf
orms ofmass medi
a ar
e danger
ous because t
heyhav
e pr
omot
ed mor
al
degener
ati
onamongt
hey
out
hs. Somey
out
hspendt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
mewat
chi
ngbl
ue
mov
ies(
por
nogr
aphi
cli
ter
atur
e)andr
eadi
ngsexymagazi
neswhi
chendupput
ti
ng
t
hem i
ntot
hemoodsofpr
act
ici
ngf
orni
cat
ionwhi
chr
esul
tsi
ntoear
lypr
egnanci
es.

 Themassmedi
aasal
eisur
echannelhasbeenbadl
yusedbysomepeopl
etobl
ack
mai
lot
her
s.Thi
sisdonet
hroughpubl
i
ctal
kont
elev
isi
onst
ati
onsl
i
keonBukeddeTV
onakabi
nkanopr
ogr
amme.

 Somepeopl
euset
hemassmedi
aandpasonf
alsei
nfor
mat
iont
othepubl
i
csoast
o
getawi
dermar
ketormor
esuppor
ter
sespeci
all
ydur
ingpol
i
tical
campai
gns.

 Somepr
ogr
ammesar
epr
esent
edatwr
ongt
imi
ngandt
her
efor
edonotbenef
itt
he
t
argetgr
oup.Forexampl
esomey
out
hpr
ogr
ammesar
epr
esent
edonr
adi
osand
t
elev
isi
onswhenmaj
ori
tyoft
hem ar
eatschool
.

 Somemassmedi
afor
msofenj
oyi
ngl
eisur
eli
ket
elev
isi
onhav
eat
tract
edmanyt
hiev
es
whoendupi
gnor
ingt
heowner
s.

 Somet
imesmassmedi
aisdanger
ousbecausei
tunder
minest
hehumandi
gni
ty.For
exampl
etheRedpepper
,Bukeddepaperwhi
chsomet
imespubl
i
shesnudephot
osof
peopl
ehav
ingsexuali
nter
cour
sei
nsomepl
acesl
i
ket
hebeachwhi
chmaymi
sleadt
he
y
oungones.

 Somepol
i
tici
ansuset
hemassmedi
aasanav
enuef
oror
gani
zi
ngdemonst
rat
ionsand
st
ri
kesagai
nstt
hegov
ernment
. Onmanyoccasi
onst
heFor
um f
orDemocr
ati
c
change[
FDC]par
tyhascal
l
eduponsuppor
ter
stoj
oinhandsi
ndemonst
rat
ionsagai
nst
somegov
ernmentpol
i
cies.

 Thei
ncr
easedcasesofmar
ri
agei
nst
abi
l
iti
est
odayar
epar
tl
yduet
oinf
luenceoft
he
`
massmedi
a.Somewomenwat
chsoapsorNi
ger
ianmov
ieswhi
chchanget
hei
rmi
nds
t
orebel
agai
nstt
hei
rhusbands.

 Themassmedi
acont
ri
but
edal
otofman’
sev
asi
onofGodt
oday
. Manypeopl
edo
notgof
orpr
ayer
sbecauset
heyar
ebusywat
chi
ngTVpr
ogr
ammeswhi
char
eev
en
unChr
ist
iansuchasbl
uemov
ies.

SPOTSASACASESTUDYOFLEI
SUREI
NDUSTRY

Spor
tscanbedef
inedasaphy
sicalact
ivi
tyi
nwhi
chpeopl
ecompet
eagai
nsteach
ot
her
,spor
tsact
ivi
ti
esi
ncl
uder
unni
ng,r
aci
ng,f
oot
bal
l
,rugby
,wr
est
li
ngi
ntheschool
cur
ri
cul
um act
ivi
ti
es.

Adv
ant
agesofSpor
ts

 Spor
ts hel
ps i
nimpar
ti
ng sel
f-di
sci
pli
ne among par
ti
cipant
s si
nce di
sci
pli
ne i
s
emphasi
zedi
nthespor
tssect
or.

 Spor
tsasaf
orm ofent
ert
ainmentandenj
oymentt
oomanywhowat
cht
hem hence
acqui
sit
ionofr
elaxedmi
ndf
orgoodhel
p.

 Spor
tshel
pindi
vi
dual
stoexpl
oitt
hei
rtal
ent
sanduset
hem f
ort
hei
rbenef
it
s,f
ami
l
y
benef
it
s.

 Spor
tsencour
ageaspi
ri
toft
eam wor
kandco-
oper
ati
onamongi
ndi
vi
dual
ssi
nce
wi
nni
nganyspor
tcompet
it
ionr
equi
rest
eam wor
k.

 Spor
tspr
ovi
deanout
letf
orbot
hpar
ti
cipant
sandspect
ator
swhi
chcommandsgood
heal
thf
ori
ndi
vi
dual
sasar
esul
tofgoodheal
th.

 Spor
tsi
nter
nat
ionalco-
oper
ati
on as i
tcut
s acr
oss soci
alr
eli
gious and pol
i
tical
boundar
iest
husi
tisanav
enueofsol
vi
nggr
iev
ancesamongwear
ingpar
ti
es.

 Spor
tshel
pspeopl
einv
olv
edev
enspect
ator
stof
orgett
roubl
esi
nameant
imegi
vi
ng
oneacl
earmi
ndandef
fect
ivemi
nd.

 Spor
tshel
pinachi
evi
ngmat
eri
alwar
dst
oindi
vi
dual
swhoexcelandt
hecount
ryat
l
arge. Forexampl
eheawar
dofmedal
,gol
d,houses,
car
s,moneyandmanyot
her
s

 I
tgi
vesachanceofspor
tsandwoment
otr
avelt
ovar
iouspar
tsoft
hewor
ldl
eadi
ngt
o
l
ear
ningmor
eaboutt
hewor
ld,
copy
inggoodpr
act
icesoft
hewor
ldt
huspav
ingwayf
or
dev
elopment
.
`
 Spor
tshel
ptogi
vement
alr
efr
eshmentespeci
all
yaf
teraser
iousment
alwor
kthus
commandi
nggoodheal
thf
orani
ndi
vi
dual
.

 Spor
tsi
sal
soi
mpor
tantf
ordoi
ngawaywi
thbor
edom whi
chi
scommoni
npassi
ve
f
orm ofl
eisur
esuchaswat
chi
ngt
elev
isi
on,
li
steni
ngt
omusi
candmanyot
her
s

 Spor
tshel
ppeopl
etodev
elopacompet
it
ivespi
ri
tamongpar
ti
cipant
swhi
chmayl
ater
hel
pthem i
nthesecul
arl
i
fe.

 Gamesandspor
tshel
pspar
ti
cipant
stobephy
sical
l
yfi
r,t
huscommandi
nggoodheal
th
andav
oidi
ngdi
seasesl
i
kehear
tdi
seases,
diabet
esandmanyot
her
s

 Spor
tsar
easour
ceofempl
oymentandi
ncomet
opr
ofessi
onal
s,t
hei
rfami
l
iesandt
he
count
ryatl
arge. Count
ri
esl
i
keBr
azi
lmakemor
emoneyi
nexpor
ti
ngspor
tsmenand
woment
hatf
rom anyot
heract
ivi
ty.

 Spor
tscanbeagest
ureofco-
oper
ati
onandf
ri
endshi
p,f
orexampl
ethr
oughor
gani
zi
ng
f
ri
endl
ymat
chesbet
weenschool
s,cl
ubsandcount
ri
esandmanyot
her
s

 Spor
tsmakepar
ti
cipant
spopul
arandev
ent
hecount
ryt
hati
sexcel
l
ingi
nspor
ts,f
or
exampl
eHenr
yThi
err
yofFr
ance,
Ronal
doofBr
azi
l
,Chr
ist
ianoRonal
doofPor
tugaland
manyot
her
s

 I
thel
pst
hei
ndi
vi
dualt
odi
ver
sif
ytot
heact
ivi
tywher
ehe/
shecandobet
terespeci
all
y
t
othesewhocan’
tdobet
teri
nacademi
cs.

 I
ntheschoolci
rcul
ar,spor
tsmaket
eachi
ngandl
ear
ningi
nter
est
ingt
othey
oungone
hencemai
ntai
ningt
hem i
nschool
.

 Gamesandspor
tshel
ppeopl
etoacqui
ref
ri
endsi
nthev
ari
ouspl
acev
isi
ted. Thi
s
maypav
ewayf
orget
ti
ngamar
ri
agepar
tner
.

 Gamesandspor
tsar
eimpor
tantf
oradv
ert
isementofi
nst
it
uti
onssuchasschool
s,f
or
exampl
esomepar
ent
spr
eferschool
swhi
chexceli
ngamesandspor
tsf
ort
hei
r
chi
l
drent
ogi
vet
hem agoodf
oundat
ioni
ngamesandspor
ts.

Di
sadv
ant
agesofSpor
ts

 Due t
o st
if
fcompet
it
ion i
n spor
ts,some peopl
e hav
e been f
orced t
oindul
ge i
n
unet
hicalbehav
iorf
orexampl
e,br
ibi
ngr
efer
ees,pr
act
ici
ngwi
tchcr
aft
,useofmagi
c
anddr
ugs.
`
 Somepeopl
emaygetdef
ormedasar
esul
tofi
njur
iest
hatmaybegotdur
ingacci
dent
s
t
husaf
fect
ingt
heheal
thpar
ti
cipant
s.

 Someact
ivi
ti
eshav
ebeencommer
cial
i
zedandassuchv
eryf
ewpeopl
ecanaf
for
dto
enj
oyt
hem asl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
es.

 Hool
i
gani
sm,bl
ackmai
l
inganduseofabusi
vel
anguagear
eexhi
bit
eddur
ingspor
ts
ev
ent
s. Hool
i
gani
sm has l
ed t
ofi
ght
ing and acci
dent
sleadi
ng ti
njur
ies and
somet
imesdeat
h.

 Duet
ocompet
it
iont
oexcel
,somepeopl
edeci
dedt
ousedr
ugssuchasmar
ij
uana.
Thesedr
ugsar
eai
medatst
imul
ati
ngext
ra-
ener
gy.Howev
er,t
heyar
eaddi
cti
veand
maycausesi
deef
fect
sint
hebody
.

 Someoft
hespor
ti
ngact
ivi
ti
essuchascr
osscount
ryandmot
orr
aci
ngdonott
ake
pl
aceatapar
ti
cul
arpoi
nt. Youcanonl
yseet
hest
art
ingpoi
ntandend;
hencei
tisnot
t
hebestent
ert
ainmentt
othespect
ator
s.

 Somet
imesspor
tsbecomemonot
onoust
ospect
ator
sthusbecomi
ngbor
inghence
l
essent
ert
ainmentt
othem.

 Thr
oughspor
tssomepeopl
eseekper
sonalgl
ori
eshencel
eadi
ngt
oman’
sev
asi
onof
God,
ast
hei
rgl
ori
fi
cat
ion.

 Gamesandspor
tsi
ncr
easesgov
ernmentexpendi
tur
ethr
oughi
mpor
ti
ngspor
tswear
f
or t
he par
ti
cipant
s pay
ing al
l
owances t
o spor
ts of
fi
cial
l
y,t
ranspor
t and
accommodat
iont
ospor
tsof
fi
cial
sandpar
ti
cipant
s,henceaf
fect
ingot
hersect
oroft
he
economy
.

 Somet
imesspor
tsmaycr
eat
eenmi
tyandhat
redamongpar
ti
cipant
sduet
othebr
utal
i
nst
inct
sinv
olv
edi
nsomespor
tst
hatmayl
eadt
oinj
uri
es.Forexampl
einf
oot
bal
l
,
r
ugbyandmanyot
her
s

 Somepeopl
emaybet
oocommi
tt
edt
ospor
tst
oext
entofabandoni
ngt
hei
rfami
l
ies,
educat
ionandot
her
scr
eat
ingasoci
alcr
isi
s.

Today
,ther
eisst
eadyr
iseofpr
ofessi
onal
i
sm,whi
chhasi
ntr
oducedanel
ementof
money
.Themot
iveofspor
tsi
snol
ongerent
ert
ainmentandr
elaxat
ionbutmoney
.

 Spor
tsandgameshav
ecr
eat
edconf
li
ctsbet
weenpar
ent
shencel
eadi
ngt
otheact
ivi
ty
t
obeconduct
edi
nal
esspr
operway
.
`
 Spor
tssomet
imesl
eadt
oov
erspendi
ngont
hesi
deofspect
ator
shencegr
oomi
ng
pov
ert
y.Thi
sisv
erycommonamongmot
orcarr
all
yfuns.

 Spor
tsl
eadst
omar
ri
agei
nst
abi
l
iti
esassomepeopl
einv
estmor
eti
mei
nspor
tst
han
f
ort
hei
rspouses,l
eadi
ngt
oconf
li
ctsandquar
rel
spav
ingwayf
orf
ami
l
ybr
eakdown.
Forexampl
e many f
ami
l
ies hav
e been negat
ivel
y af
fect
ed by f
oot
bal
l(pr
emi
er
mat
ches)
. Asmanyhusbandsar
eal
way
soutt
hei
rhomesf
ort
hesegamesev
enwhen
t
hei
rspousesneedt
hem ar
ound.

 Spor
tspr
omot
eimmor
ali
tyt
hroughv
ulgarl
anguage,al
cohol
i
sm andsexi
mmor
ali
ty
especi
all
ybyt
hemot
orr
all
yfuns.

DRI
NKI
NGALCOHOLASAFORM OFLEI
SUREACTI
VITY

Al
cohol
i
sm canbedef
inedast
hemedi
cal
condi
ti
onofbei
nganal
cohol
i
c. Al
cohol
i
sm
i
nvol
vest
het
aki
ngofal
coholandspi
ri
tst
hatar
est
imul
ati
ngandcanl
eadt
oaddi
cti
on.
Exampl
esofal
cohol
incl
udebeer
,war
agi
,wi
nesandmanyot
her
s.

REASONS/
CAUSESOFDRI
NKI
NGALCOHOL/
WINE

 Some peopl
e dr
ink al
coholi
n or
dert
o getcomf
ort
ed as a r
esul
tofanxi
ety
,
r
etr
enchmentf
rom t
hej
ob,
bei
ngunempl
oyedandl
osi
ngabel
ovedoneamongot
her
s.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholi
nor
dert
ocur
ethi
rstandt
hisi
spr
efer
redi
nar
easwi
th
l
i
mit
edwat
er,
sucht
hatal
cohol
becomest
hebestsubst
it
ute.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholbecausei
tispar
toft
hecul
tur
alpr
act
ice. Forexampl
e
cul
tur
almeet
ingssuchasnami
ng,f
uner
alr
it
es,ci
rcumci
sionr
equi
reat
radi
ti
onal
boozei
nor
dert
obewel
lcel
ebr
ated,i
ncaseoff
uner
alr
it
es,t
het
radi
ti
onalbooze
consi
der
sthosewhohav
elostaf
ami
l
ymemberoraf
ri
endandt
hatt
hel
astf
uner
al
r
it
esmaynotbewel
lper
for
medi
nabsenceofadr
ink,t
hatt
hedepar
tedancest
oral
so
needadr
inkashe/
shegoest
othenextwor
ld.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkbecausei
thi
ghl
i
ght
soccasi
ons,i
tgi
vespeopl
eenj
oyment
,make
ev
ery
bodyhappyandf
eel
i
nggoodi
nter
est
ingandgenet
ici
nfl
uence.

 Fr
om t
hesoci
alper
spect
ive,somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholt
osoci
ali
zewi
thot
her
ssi
nce
companyi
sal
way
spr
ovi
dedi
nbar
s,wher
ether
eisal
way
slaught
er,
fun,
andnewswas
wher
epeopl
erunt
obr
eakt
hehomemonot
onyandbor
edom.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholbecausei
thi
ghl
i
ght
soccasi
ons,i
tgi
vespeopl
eenj
oyment
,
`
makeev
erybodyhappyandf
eel
i
nggoodi
nter
est
ingandsomet
imesf
unny
.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholasanaccompani
mentf
ormeal
s. Thi
sisv
erycommoni
n
I
tal
y,Fr
anceandI
srael
wher
ewi
nei
susedasanaccompani
mentofmeal
s.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholduet
opeergr
oupi
nfl
uencewhosomet
imesconductt
hei
r
f
ri
endsf
rom homes,buyf
ort
hem al
coholandencour
agest
hem t
odr
inkbyal
way
s
emphasi
zi
ngt
hei
mpor
tanceofdr
inki
ngal
coholnowonder‘
bir
dsoft
hesamef
eat
her
f
lockt
oget
her
’.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholt
ogetsl
eep,especi
all
ywhenf
acedwi
thmanypr
obl
ems
al
cohol
hel
psani
ndi
vi
dual
tof
orgetpr
obl
emsi
ntheshor
trunt
huscausi
ngsl
eep.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholf
orheal
thr
easons,f
orexampl
etor
educewei
ght
,toget
f
oodappet
it
eandmanyot
her
s

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholf
orst
atusr
easons.I
nsomesoci
eti
esdr
inki
ngal
coholi
s
associ
atedwi
thhav
ingal
otofmoneysopeopl
etoshowt
hei
rfi
nanci
alst
rengt
h.Thi
s
i
smost
lydet
ermi
nedbyt
het
ypeoft
heal
cohol
onet
akes,
forexampl
eexpensi
vewi
nes
andmanyot
her
s

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholbecauset
heyar
eaddi
ctedt
oit
,tot
heext
entt
hatt
heycan
har
dlydoany
thi
ngwi
thoutt
aki
ngi
tforexampl
esomepeopl
etakeagl
assofal
cohol
bef
orecommenci
ngwor
k.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholbecauseoft
heki
ndofj
obt
heydof
orexampl
epeopl
e
wor
kingi
nthemor
tuar
ydr
inkal
coholt
ocopeupwi
tht
heki
ndofenv
ironmentwher
e
t
heyar
ewor
king.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
cohol
soast
oav
oidbei
ngshywhengoi
ngoutt
omeett
hei
rlov
ers.
Thi
sisv
erycommonamongadol
escent
sandsomey
out
hs.

 Somepeopl
eespeci
all
yadol
escent
sdr
inkal
coholt
opr
ovet
hatt
heyar
egr
ownup
si
ncei
nsomesoci
eti
esal
cohol
isonl
ysupposedt
obet
akenbyadul
ts.

 Somepeopl
etakeal
coholasar
esul
toff
ulf
il
li
ngr
eli
giousi
nst
ruct
ions. Forexampl
e
t
heChr
ist
ianst
akewi
nei
nchur
chwhi
chi
sconsi
der
edt
ohav
etur
nedi
ntot
hebl
oodof
JesusChr
ist
,whocommandedt
hem t
odr
inki
nhi
smemor
y.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholf
orpol
i
ticalr
easonsf
orexampl
espy
ingf
orandagai
nstt
he
gov
ernmenti
sbestdoneatdr
inki
ngj
oint
s,wher
epeopl
espeakoutsecr
etsanyhow
`
duet
oinf
luenceofal
cohol
.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholbecauseofhav
ingt
oomuchmoneysomet
imesi
nher
it
ed
weal
th,
thust
heydr
inkt
oshowofast
heyev
enbuyboozet
ost
ranger
s.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholt
opasst
ime. Af
terwor
ksomepeopl
einev
eni
ngspr
efer
t
obeent
ert
ainedt
oabeerast
heyenj
oyt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
me,l
i
stent
omusi
c,wat
cha
t
elev
isi
onorev
endi
scusswi
thoneanot
her
.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholduet
oenv
ironment
aldet
ermi
nism orsur
roundi
ngsf
or
exampl
est
ayi
ngi
nahomewher
ether
eissel
l
ingal
coholwoul
dleadt
hechi
l
drent
o
l
ear
ntaki
ngi
tandsoar
esl
um ar
easwher
edr
inki
ngal
cohol
seemsnor
mal
.

 Somepeopl
edr
inkal
coholsoast
ogetext
raor
dinar
ycour
aget
otal
kinpubl
i
copenl
y
t
ell
snei
ghbour
soft
hewr
ongst
heyar
ecommi
tt
ing. Forexampl
eincaseofconf
li
cts
or
igi
nat
ingonl
andwr
angl
es,
wit
chcr
aftandmanyot
her
s

DANGERSOFALCOHOLTOANI
NDI
VIDUAL

 I
tcauseshear
tdi
seasesanddamagest
her
edbl
oodcel
l
sleadi
ngt
oonehav
ing
shaki
ngl
i
mbsandt
heski
ntur
ningy
ell
owi
ncol
our
.

 I
treduces one’
sli
fe span. An al
cohol
i
cfeel
s const
ant
ly weak,suf
fer
sfr
om
i
ndi
gest
ionbecauset
hebi
l
e,whi
chi
sresponsi
blef
ordi
gest
ioni
seasi
l
ydest
roy
edby
al
cohol
.

 I
tleadst
olossofappet
it
etot
heal
cohol
i
cleadi
ngt
oVi
tami
nC.

 I
tst
opst
hepr
oduct
ionofwhi
tebl
oodcel
l
sthust
heal
cohol
i
cisl
i
kel
ytosuf
ferf
rom
v
ari
ousdi
seasesduet
olackofi
mmuni
ty.

 Al
cohol
i
sm causesi
mpot
encei
nman,whi
chmaybet
empor
aryorev
enper
manent
whent
heal
cohol
i
cst
opsdr
inki
ng.

 Al
cohol
causesi
ntest
inal
ulcer
sespeci
all
yift
akenonanempt
yst
omach.

 Al
coholdamagest
hecent
ralner
voussy
stem l
eav
ingt
heal
cohol
i
cwi
thl
ossofbal
ance
andshaki
ngl
i
mbs.

 Al
cohol
i
sm makesonet
olooser
especti
nsoci
etywheni
tist
akenbey
ondt
henor
mal
r
atel
eadi
ngt
ofai
l
uret
ogetamar
ri
agepar
tnerordi
vor
cef
ort
hemar
ri
edones.

 I
tleadst
obodydef
ormi
ti
esespeci
all
yift
heal
cohol
i
cfal
l
sint
ohotwat
er,ont
he
`
gr
oundandmanyot
her
s Thusl
eadi
ngt
obr
okenl
i
mbs,
woundscar
sandmanyot
her
s

 I
treducesman’
sabi
l
ityt
omakenat
ionalj
udgmenthencei
tleadst
osexuali
mmor
ali
ty,
domest
icv
iol
ence,
fight
ingi
nbar
sandot
her
sleadi
ngt
oinj
uri
esandl
ossofr
espect
.

 I
ncaseofapr
egnantwoman,
alcohol
i
sm l
eadst
oser
iousment
alandphy
sical
damage
t
odev
elopi
ngchi
l
dandev
enl
eadt
omi
scar
ri
ageori
nfantmor
tal
i
ty.

 I
tcanmakeamanpoori
nshor
tti
me. Hemaysel
lal
lhi
spr
oper
ti
esi
ncl
udi
ngcl
othes,
houseandl
andi
nor
dert
omeetexpensesofdr
inki
ngal
cohol
.

 I
tmayl
eadt
ocommi
tt
ingsui
cideduet
opov
ert
y,unempl
oymentsoci
alr
eject
ion. The
al
cohol
i
cmayr
espondt
oal
lthosehumi
l
iat
ingexper
iencesbycommi
tt
ingsui
cide.

 I
tmayl
eadt
otheacqui
sit
ionofdi
seasesasar
esul
tofcommunaldr
inki
ngusi
ngsame
st
raw,
cups,
glassesandmanyot
her
s

 Al
cohol
i
sm l
eadst
ounempl
oymentduet
oinef
fi
ciencyi
nwor
k,l
atecomi
ngandl
eav
ing
ear
lyt
ogoanddr
inkal
cohol
duet
obei
nganaddi
ct.

DANGERSOFALCOHOLTOTHEFAMI
LYANDSOCI
ETY

 Fai
l
uret
opr
ovi
det
hef
ami
l
ywi
thbasi
cneedsofl
i
fesuchasf
ood,
shel
terandcl
othi
ng
duet
othef
actt
hatmuchoft
hei
ncomei
sspentondr
inki
ngal
cohol
.

 Al
cohol
i
csar
einmostcasesv
iol
entandaggr
essi
vet
othei
rwi
ves,
chi
l
drenandsoci
ety
member
s. Theyar
equar
rel
someandcapabl
eofdoi
ngany
thi
ngt
othef
ami
l
ythus
l
eadi
ngt
ofami
l
yinst
abi
l
ity
.

 Al
cohol
i
sm l
eadst
oir
responsi
blepar
ent
hood;chi
l
drenl
ackpar
ent
alcar
eandt
rai
ning
f
rom bot
hbi
ologi
calpar
ent
s. Thi
sleadst
othechi
l
drent
ogr
ow upwi
thmor
all
y
unaccept
abl
ebehav
iour
sandpr
act
icessuchasbei
nghool
i
gansandpr
act
ici
ngt
hef
t
amongot
her
s.

 Al
cohol
i
cs do notdo wel
lin bed. They ar
e al
way
s unwel
come par
tner
s and
somet
imest
heyl
eav
ethei
rsexualpar
tner
sunsat
isf
iedt
huspav
ingwayf
orpr
act
ici
ng
ext
ra-
mar
it
alsexasadul
ter
yandpr
ost
it
uti
onl
eadi
ngt
oacqui
sit
ionofSTDsandAI
Ds
hencedeat
h.

 Duet
ohi
ghl
evelofpov
ert
yandv
iol
enceassoci
atedwi
thov
erspeedi
ngondr
inki
ng
al
cohol
,casesofdi
vor
cei
nmar
ri
agear
ehi
gh.
`
 I
tiseasyf
oranal
cohol
i
ctomakehi
schi
l
drenandwi
fehomel
essduet
osel
l
ingt
he
f
ami
l
ypr
oper
ti
esi
ncl
udi
ngl
andt
ogetmoneyf
ordr
inki
ngal
coholandpay
ingdebt
s
hencel
eadi
ngt
ofami
l
ybr
eakdown.

 I
tgi
vesf
alseconf
idenceandaggr
essi
venesst
hatpav
eswayf
orf
ight
ingwhi
chmay
r
esul
tint
oov
erspendi
ngont
hef
ami
l
ylev
eli
nthepr
ocessofpr
ovi
dingt
reat
ment
.

 I
tcauseswor
ri
est
ofami
l
ymember
sasar
esul
tofonememberbei
ngoutdr
inki
ng
al
cohol
especi
all
ydur
ingl
atei
ntheni
ght
.

 I
tal
sol
eadst
oincr
easedr
atesofacci
dent
sduet
oreckl
essdr
inki
nganddr
ivi
ng
l
eadi
ngt
oinj
uri
esanddeat
h,hencel
eadi
ngt
olossoff
ami
l
yincomeear
ner
scausi
ng
suf
fer
ingt
othedependant
s.

 I
tleadst
oman’
sinef
fi
ciencyatpl
acesofwor
k,ast
heyar
ecommonabsent
ees,l
ate
comer
stot
ermi
nat
ionf
rom wor
k,t
huscr
eat
ingsuf
fer
ingt
ofami
l
ymember
s,especi
all
y
i
fthet
ermi
nat
edmemberi
sthebr
eadwi
nneroft
hef
ami
l
y.

 I
tencour
agessexual
l
yunaccept
abl
ebehav
iour
ssuchaspr
act
ici
ngpr
ost
it
uti
on,i
ncest
andot
her
sduet
omot
ivat
ingt
hesexappet
it
eandgi
vi
ngt
heal
cohol
i
cfal
seconf
idence
t
huspav
ingwayf
orsexual
l
ytr
ansmi
tt
eddi
seasessuchasAI
Ds.

POSSI
BLESOLUTI
ONSTOALCOHOLI
SM

 Thepubl
i
cshoul
dbesensi
ti
zedaboutt
hedanger
sofal
cohol
i
sm t
hroughsemi
nar
s,
wor
kshops,
massmedi
aandt
hechur
ch.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dsetupl
awst
oregul
atet
hedr
inki
ngofal
coholbyf
ir
ingt
he
hour
sofdr
inki
ngal
cohol
,sucht
hati
twoul
dbei
l
legalt
odr
inkal
coholbef
oreandaf
ter
t
hest
atedhour
s.

 Theal
cohol
i
csshoul
dbehel
pedt
oknowt
hatt
heyar
eadangert
othei
rfami
l
iesandso
t
hesoci
etyatl
argecanadj
ustaccor
dingl
y.

 Al
cohol
i
csshoul
dbegi
venmedi
calat
tent
ionpl
usgui
danceandcounsel
i
ngsoast
odo
awaywi
tht
hehabi
t.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dpr
eachagai
nstt
hemi
suseofal
coholandatt
imesor
gani
zesemi
nar
s
f
ort
heChr
ist
ianswher
etheycoul
dbet
aughtaboutt
hedanger
sofal
cohol
i
sm.

 Spor
tsshoul
dbeencour
agedbyt
hechur
ch,gov
ernmentandal
lsoci
etymember
sso
`
ast
oav
ertpeopl
efr
om spendi
ngt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
met
hroughdr
inki
ngal
cohol
.

 Thosewhodr
inkal
coholbecauseofpr
obl
emsshoul
dseekcounsel
i
ngr
athert
han
dr
inki
ngal
cohol
whi
chj
ustpr
ovi
dest
empor
all
ysol
uti
ons.

 Thoseaddi
ctedt
odr
inki
ngal
coholshoul
dpr
ayt
oGodt
osav
ethem f
rom suchar
isky
pr
act
icet
hatmayexposet
hem t
ovar
iousdi
seases.

 Ther
eisneedt
oav
oidf
ri
endsorpeergr
oupst
hatent
icesonei
ntodr
inki
ngal
cohol
whi
chmayl
eadt
obi
ologi
cal
andsoci
alpr
obl
ems.

 Peopl
eshoul
dbeadv
isedt
ohav
econt
rolov
erdr
inki
nghabi
tssot
hatt
heyaenot
cont
rol
l
edbyal
cohol
oneshoul
dbeabl
etodet
ermi
newhati
senough.

THEBI
BLI
CALTEACHI
NGABOUTALCOHOL

Thebi
blehasbot
hposi
ti
veandnegat
iveat
ti
tudest
owar
dsdr
inki
ngal
cohol
. Al
l
Chr
ist
ianscondemnexcessi
vedr
inki
ngofal
cohol
. Howev
er,
somechur
chsect
ssuch
ast
hepr
otest
antf
undament
ali
sts(
Bal
okol
e)condemndr
inki
ngal
cohol
compl
etel
y.

Posi
ti
veAt
ti
tude(
InSuppor
t)

 Wi
newaspar
toft
hedi
etoft
heI
srael
i
tes(
Gen27:
37)t
husi
tisaccept
abl
efor
Chr
ist
ianst
odr
inkal
cohol
.

 I
ntheNew Test
amentwi
nesy
mbol
i
zest
hebl
oodofJesusChr
ist
,thusChr
ist
ians
oughtt
odr
inki
tinmasscel
ebr
ati
ont
oremembr
anceofJesusascommandedbyhi
m.

 I
ntheOl
dTest
ament
,shor
tagesofwi
neandr
ainwer
eint
erpr
etedasar
esul
tofacur
se
f
rom Godbecauseofsi
n. Besi
dest
hepr
esenceofabundantwi
neasabl
essi
ngf
rom
Godt
husdr
inki
ngal
cohol
isnotcommi
tt
ingsi
n.

 Accor
dingt
oOl
dTest
ament
,wi
nei
soneoft
hegi
ft
sfr
om Godf
orbei
ngobedi
entt
o
hi
m(Deut7:
13)t
husdr
inki
ngal
cohol
isnotcommi
tt
ingasi
n.

 Jesussuppor
tedt
hedr
inki
ngofal
coholasani
mpor
tantsoci
ali
zi
ngel
ementwhenhe
t
urnedwat
eri
ntowi
neataweddi
ngf
eastatCanaofGal
i
lee.

 Hosea9:
2poi
ntsoutt
hati
twast
ragedyf
oramani
fhedi
dnotenj
oywi
neandbr
ead
t
huswi
neandbr
eadar
easour
ceofhappi
ness.

 Wi
newasusedasmedi
cinet
hati
swhySt
.Pauladv
isedTi
mot
hyt
otakewi
newhenhe
wassi
ck. ThegoodSamar
it
anal
sopour
edwi
neont
hewoundsoft
hei
njur
edman
`
(
Tim 5:
23)

 Jesusdi
dnotcondemnal
coholnotdi
dheputal
aw agai
nsti
t. Soi
tisuponan
i
ndi
vi
dual
’
sconsci
oust
oei
therdr
inkornot
.

 Wi
newasusedi
ntheol
dtest
amentasanel
ementofhi
ghl
i
ght
ingoccasi
onsand
br
ingi
nghappi
nesst
osoci
etymember
s(Est
her5:
6-9)

Negat
iveAt
ti
tude(
Noti
nSuppor
t)

 Noahdr
unksomewi
ne,
whi
chf
orcedhi
mtot
akeof
fhi
scl
othesandl
ayont
hegr
ound
naked. Thi
smadehi
sonesashamedandscandal
i
zed(
Gen9:
20-
24)

 Accor
dingt
oSt
.Pauli
nhi
slet
tert
otheCor
int
hians(
1Cor6:
16)t
hosewhoar
e
dr
unkar
dswi
l
lnoti
nher
itGod’
ski
ngdom t
husChr
ist
iansshoul
dref
rai
nfr
om dr
inki
ng
al
cohol
.

 Pr
over
bs20poi
ntsoutt
hatdr
inki
ngt
oomuchmakeoneaf
ool
. I
tisst
upi
dtoget
dr
unksoChr
ist
iansadv
isedt
oregul
ateourdr
inki
nghabi
ts.

 Wi
nei
scondemnedbyt
hebi
bleamongot
hert
hingsi
tmakespeopl
ecommi
tsi
ns.
Thedaught
ersofLotmadehi
m dr
unksot
hatt
heycoul
dcommi
tincestwi
thhi
m(Gen
19:
32-
38)hencewhet
herwi
nei
stakendel
i
ber
atel
yornotcanmakeaper
sont
odo
somet
hingundesi
rabl
einsoci
ety
.

 I
sai
ah5:
11sayt
hat‘
youar
edomed!Yougetupear
lyi
nthemor
ningt
ost
artdr
inki
ng
andy
ouspendl
ongev
eni
ngsget
ti
ngdr
unk’t
husov
erdr
inki
ngal
coholmakesonel
azy
andent
icedt
ocommi
tsi
n.

 I
ntheOl
dTest
amentpr
iest
swer
enotal
l
owedt
odr
inkwhenent
eri
ngt
hehol
ypl
ace,
as
t
heywoul
dendupf
orget
ti
ngt
hef
ormul
afappr
oachi
ngGodandt
henendupbei
ng
puni
shedbyGod.

 Chr
ist
iani
tyal
so condemns al
cohol
i
sm because i
tis a medi
um f
orsi
n such as
poi
soni
ng. I
twasatadr
inki
ngpl
acet
hatAbsal
om hadhi
sbr
otherAmondi
ed.

 Wi
neoral
cohol
i
sm i
scondemnedbecausei
tcausesman’
sev
asi
onofGodt
hrough
r
obbi
ngpeopl
e’
ssenses(
Hosea4:
11andEph5:
18)

 Al
coholmakes Chr
ist
ians l
es commi
tt
ed t
othe Lor
d ast
heybegged down i
nto
i
mmor
ali
ty,
soi
tisbet
ternott
otakei
t(Rom 13:
13)andconcent
rat
eonGod’
swi
l
l.
`
 Theear
lybel
i
ever
smadeasol
emnpr
onunci
ati
onagai
nstal
lfor
msofi
mmor
ali
ty
i
ncl
udi
ngov
erdr
inki
ngal
cohol
whi
chl
edt
ocommi
tt
ingmanysi
ns.

 Dr
inki
ngal
coholmaycausei
sol
ati
onsi
ncet
hedr
unkar
dsar
econsi
der
edunwor
thydue
t
othemanysi
nscommi
tt
edundert
hei
nfl
uenceofal
cohol
. Thi
sisi
nli
newi
th1Cor
5:
11.

SMOKI
NG

Thi
sisapr
act
icecommonamongol
dpeopl
eandt
hey
out
hswhodoi
twi
thi
ntent
ions
ofbei
ngconsi
der
edol
d. Thepr
act
iceofsmoki
ngwasv
erycommoni
ntr
adi
ti
onal
Af
ri
ca and i
t was common among cat
tl
e keepi
ng communi
ti
es such as t
he
Bany
arwanda,
Bany
ankol
eandmanyot
her
s

CAUSES/REASONSFORSMOKI
NG

 Somepeopl
esmoket
ovener
atet
heancest
orsandt
oful
fi
llcer
tai
ncul
tur
alr
it
ual
ssuch
asl
astf
uner
alr
it
escel
ebr
ati
onsi
nsomesoci
eti
es.

 Somepeopl
esmokeasawayofr
elaxat
ion.Thi
siscommonaf
teraheav
ywor
kora
heav
ymeal
.

 Somepeopl
esmokeasawayofdoi
ngawaywi
thbor
edom,
especi
all
yint
heev
eni
ng.

 Somepeopl
esmokeduet
opeergr
oupi
nfl
uence. Bei
ngi
nassoci
ati
onwi
thsmoker
s
canmakeaper
sonasmokeri
nat
tempt
stof
iti
nthatpeergr
oupf
ull
y.

 Somey
out
hssmokesoast
olookgr
ownupsi
ncesmoki
ngi
sassoci
atedwi
tht
heol
d
peopl
e.

 Somepeopl
esmokeduet
oneedt
opr
ovi
det
hemsel
veswi
thhear
tinacol
dper
iodof
t
ime,
especi
all
yint
heev
eni
ngsandear
lyi
nthemor
ning.

 Somepeopl
esmokeasawayofdoi
ngawaywi
thadepr
essi
ngsi
tuat
ionsuchas
l
oosi
ngal
ovedone,
fai
l
urei
namar
ri
ager
elat
ionshi
p,l
oosi
ngaj
obandmanyot
her
s
`
 Somepeopl
esmokeduet
othegenet
ici
nfl
uence. I
tisbi
ologi
cal
l
ybel
i
evedt
hatsome
chi
l
drenar
enat
ural
l
ysmoker
sduet
otheef
fectofgenet
ici
nfl
uenceasar
esul
toft
hei
r
par
ent
sbei
ngsmoker
s.

 Somepeopl
esmokebecausesmoki
ngi
sonewayofl
i
fe,ast
heBany
ankol
eand
Bany
arwandacat
tl
ekeeper
ssmoki
ngi
sway
sofl
i
fe.

 Somepeopl
einv
olv
einsmocki
ngbecauseofper
suasi
veadv
ert
isementnr
adi
osand
t
elev
isi
onswher
esmoki
ngi
spor
tray
edasawayt
oasuccessf
ull
i
fe. Thi
smaf
orce
peopl
etosmokei
nor
dert
obecomesuccessf
ul,
forexampl
esupermat
char
eref
err
ed
t
oast
he‘
winner
s’ci
gar
ett
es’
.

 Somepeopl
esmoket
ogat
hersl
eepespeci
all
ythoseaddi
ctedt
oitwhi
l
eot
her
ssmoke
t
odoawaywi
thsl
eep,especi
all
yst
udent
swhowantt
oreadbooksatni
ghtandt
hose
doi
ngt
hej
obofni
ghtwat
chi
ngsuchaspol
i
ceof
fi
cer
s,gat
ekeeper
sandmanyot
her
s

 Somepeopl
esmokebecauseofi
gnor
ancea

 boutt
hedanger
sofi
nvol
vi
ngi
nthehabi
tsuchasdi
sease.

 Somepeopl
eespeci
all
yyout
hssmokeasawayofadv
ert
isi
ngt
hemsel
vest
omember
s
oft
heopposi
tesex,
toseekf
oradmi
rat
ionandappr
oval
.

 Somepeopl
esmoket
oact
ivat
eser
ioust
hinki
ngandi
ntel
l
ect
ual
reasoni
ngespeci
all
yin
caseofpr
esent
ingapaperordoi
nganexami
nat
ion.

 Somepeopl
esmokeespeci
all
ythosef
rom r
uralar
east
our
banar
easbecauset
hey
r
egar
ditasaf
ashi
onofl
i
feassoci
atedwi
tht
heeducat
ed,whi
tesandabov
eal
l
moder
nit
y.

 Somepeopl
eespeci
all
ythey
out
hssmokeasar
esul
tofcur
iosi
ty.Theyf
eell
i
kef
indi
ng
outwhathappenswhenonesmokes,
howpl
easantandi
nter
est
ingi
tis,
thust
heyst
art
smoki
ngwhi
chsomet
imesbecomesv
erydi
ff
erentt
ost
opduet
oget
ti
ngaddi
ctedt
oit
.

 Somepeopl
esmokeduet
othenat
ureofj
obt
heyar
edoi
ng. Forexampl
ethose
wor
kingi
nthemor
tuar
ydosmoket
ochanget
hei
rment
almet
abol
i
sm soast
osur
viv
e
wel
linsuchanast
yenv
ironmentandsoar
eni
ghtwat
chmenwhodoi
tbecauseof
col
dness.

 Somepeopl
esmokeespeci
all
ythey
out
hsduet
oget
ti
ngbadr
olemodel
swhi
cht
hey
somuchadmi
reandy
ett
heyar
esmoker
sforexampl
emusi
cians,f
il
m st
ars,r
adi
o
`
pr
esent
ers,
pol
i
tici
ans,
rel
i
giousl
eader
sandot
her
sthust
heysmoket
ofi
tint
hel
i
vesof
t
hepeopl
etheysomuchadmi
re.

USEOFTOBACCO/
ADVANTAGESOFSMOKI
NG

 Cr
eat
ionofempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
esl
eadi
ngt
otheear
ningofi
ncome. Thet
obacco
i
ndust
ryempl
oyspeopl
eint
hef
iel
dofpr
ocessi
ng,t
ranspor
tat
ionanddi
str
ibut
ionof
ci
gar
ett
esl
eadi
ngt
othegener
ati
onofi
ncomet
oci
ti
zens.

 Whensmoked,t
obaccost
imul
atest
hebodyandmi
ndofsomei
ndi
vi
dual
sleadi
ngt
o
i
ncr
easepr
oduct
ivi
tyi
nter
msofr
easoni
ngandener
gyout
put
.

 Tobaccosmoki
ngl
eadst
orel
axat
ionoft
hesmoker
s,especi
all
ywhenconf
ront
edwi
th
pr
obl
ems.

 Tobaccoi
simpor
tanti
nmaki
ngi
nsect
ici
desf
orcont
rol
l
ingpest
sanddi
seases,t
hus
boast
ingagr
icul
tur
alpr
oduct
ivi
tyandheal
tht
ohumanbei
ngs.

 Tobaccoi
sani
mpor
tantsour
ceofgov
ernmentr
evenuet
hrought
axi
ngt
het
obacco
i
ndust
ry,
thewor
ker
sandt
hosesel
l
ingt
hepr
oduct
s.

 Tobaccosmoki
ngi
saf
orm ofl
eisur
eandent
ert
ainmentt
osomesoci
etymember
s.

 Tobaccoi
sasour
ceofmedi
cine,especi
all
yfordomest
icani
mal
ssuchascat
tl
e
l
eadi
ngt
oboast
ingt
hei
rheal
th.

 Tobaccosmoki
nghel
pspeopl
ewor
kingi
nthecol
dnesst
oincr
easeont
hei
rbodyheat
t
hroughsmoki
ngwhi
chheati
sdi
str
ibut
edt
hroughoutt
hebodybybl
oodci
rcul
ati
on.

DANGERS/DI
SADVANTAGESOFSMOKI
NG

 Ci
gar
ett
e smoki
ng l
eadst
o danger
sofheal
tht
o an i
ndi
vi
dualsuch asconst
ant
coughi
ng,hear
tat
tacks,hi
ghbl
oodpr
essur
e,l
ungcancer
,reducesone’
sfoodappet
it
e
t
husr
educi
ngone’
sli
fespan.

 I
tcancausedest
ruct
ivef
ir
einf
act
ori
es,f
act
ori
es,homesandot
her
sduet
ocar
eless
t
hrowi
ngofci
gar
ett
espi
eces,
thuscausi
ngl
ossofpr
oper
tyandsomet
imesl
i
vest
oo.

 I
tsanaddi
cti
vehabi
t,whi
chcancausesomeonet
osel
lal
lhi
spr
oper
ti
essoast
oget
moneyf
orsmoki
ng,besi
desonemaynotbeabl
etost
opev
enwhenhe/
shewi
shest
o
st
opt
hehabi
t.
`
 Smoki
ng i
s consi
der
ed si
n by t
he Chr
ist
ians especi
all
y by t
he pr
otest
ant
f
undament
ali
stsasi
tisconsi
der
edt
ocont
ami
nat
ethet
empl
eoft
hehol
yspi
ri
tof
whi
chi
sthebodyoft
heChr
ist
ianst
hussmoki
ngcausescasesofunhol
i
nesst
o
Chr
ist
ianshencei
tiswr
ongt
osmoke.

 Fort
hecaseoft
hest
udent
,smoki
ngmayr
esul
tint
oexpul
sionf
rom schoolsi
ncei
tis
agai
nstschool
rul
esandr
egul
ati
onsofmostschool
s.

 Ci
gar
ett
esmoki
ngcancausepov
ert
yasar
esul
tofbei
nganaddi
cti
vehabi
tthatmay
f
orcet
heonepr
act
ici
ngi
ttosel
lany
thi
nghehast
ogetmoneyf
orsmoki
ng.

 I
tcancausedi
seaset
otheof
fspr
ingsoft
hepr
egnantwoman. I
tcanequal
l
ycause
mi
scar
ri
ages,smal
lchi
l
drent
obebor
naswel
lasl
ow r
esi
stancet
odi
seasesbyt
he
chi
l
drenoft
hesmoker
s.

 I
tgi
vesabadsmel
ltot
henon-
smoker
s,t
henon-
smoker
sdonotf
eelcomf
ort
abl
ewi
th
t
hesmoker
sthusi
tcancausesoci
alr
eject
ion.

 I
tdi
sfi
gur
est
hehumanbody
,tear
spar
toft
het
eet
handcausei
mbal
ancei
nthebody
.

 I
tpr
omot
esi
mmor
alact
ssuchasst
eal
i
ngt
oat
tai
nmoneyf
orsmoki
ngasi
tisan
addi
cti
vehabi
t.

 I
tlower
stheper
son’
sdi
gni
ty. Forexampl
etheybecomebeggar
ssoast
ogetmoney
f
orsmoki
ngespeci
all
ythel
owi
ncomeear
ner
s.

 Ci
gar
ett
esmoki
ngcausesaser
iousdangert
othemenst
rual
cycl
esofsmoki
ngwomen.
I
tcoul
dpr
olongt
hebl
eedi
ngorev
ensuspendt
hemenst
ruat
ionper
iodsofsmoki
ng
womenf
orsomemont
hs.

 Duet
othef
actt
hatpubl
i
csmoki
ngi
sagai
nstt
hel
aw,i
tmayl
eadt
oimpr
isonmentor
pay
mentoff
inesonceonei
spr
ovedgui
l
tybyt
hecour
tsofl
aw.

 Smoki
ngont
hesi
deofapar
entgi
vesabadexampl
etoachi
l
d. Achi
l
dmayendup
copy
ingt
hehabi
tfr
om t
hepar
entsi
ncemostchi
l
drenbel
i
evet
hatwhatt
hei
rpar
ent
s
ar
edoi
ngi
sunquest
ionabl
ygood.

 Smoki
ngmakesonet
obepubl
i
cnui
sance,smoker
sar
elookedatasdangert
othe
publ
i
cduet
oinhal
i
ngt
hesmoke,smoker
sar
eal
way
shumi
l
iat
edi
npubl
i
cfort
he
pr
act
iceespeci
all
yifonedoesi
tinpubl
i
c,f
orexampl
eint
hel
i
brar
y,cl
assr
oom,
chur
ch,
t
axi
andmanyot
her
s
`
 Smoki
ngmayl
eadt
omi
sunder
standi
ngsamongmar
ri
edcoupl
es. Thi
sisduet
othe
f
actt
hatmostwomenhat
esmoki
ngandmayt
her
efor
eendupv
omi
ti
ngoncesensi
ng
t
hesmel
lofci
gar
ett
es. Thi
smaybr
ingf
ri
cti
onamongt
hecoupl
espav
ingwayf
or
mar
ri
agebr
eakdown.

SOLUTI
ONSTOTHEPRACTI
CE

 Gov
ernmentshoul
dregul
atet
hepr
oduct
ionofci
gar
ett
eandconsumpt
iont
hrough
t
axat
iont
oci
gar
ett
esi
ndust
ry.

 Peopl
eshoul
dbeadv
isedt
oav
oidbadpeergr
oupofsmokesast
heymaybel
uredi
nto
t
hepr
act
ice.

 Thechur
chshoul
dpr
eachagai
nstt
hepr
act
iceandsensi
ti
zepeopl
eaboutt
hedanger
s
ofsmoki
ng.

 School
sandi
nst
it
uti
onsshoul
dhel
ptosensi
ti
zepeopl
eaboutt
hedanger
soft
he
pr
act
icesuchheal
thdanger
sandov
erspendi
ngont
hepr
act
ice.

 Par
ent
sshoul
dbegoodexampl
est
othei
rchi
l
drenbynotsmoki
ngandshoul
dteach
t
hey
oungonest
hedanger
sofsmoki
ng.

 Smoker
s shoul
d seek medi
calt
reat
mentgui
dance and counsel
i
ng f
rom medi
cal
per
sonnel
,rel
i
giousl
eader
sandel
der
sfr
om soci
ety
.

 Peopl
eshoul
dbeadv
isedt
oabst
ainf
rom smoki
ngandany
thi
ngt
hatcanmakeonet
o
member
ssmoki
ngshoul
dbedest
roy
ed.Forexampl
eashdi
shesandmanyot
her
s

 Per
suasi
veadv
ert
isementconcer
ningci
gar
ett
esmoki
ngshoul
dbedi
scour
agedt
o
r
educeci
gar
ett
econsumpt
ionandt
her
elat
eddanger
s.

 Thecompani
esdeal
i
ngi
nci
gar
ett
emanuf
act
uri
ngshoul
dbeobl
i
gedbyl
aw t
omake
publ
i
cawar
enessaboutt
hedanger
sofsmoki
ngsot
hatpeopl
esmokewhent
heyar
e
f
ull
yawar
eoft
heconsequencesoft
hepr
act
ice.

 The publ
i
c shoul
d be sensi
ti
zed t
hrough semi
nar
s,wor
kshops and t
he chur
ch
gat
her
ings,
thr
oughmassmedi
aasr
adi
osaboutt
hedanger
sofsmoki
ng.

DRUGABUSE

Dr
ugabusedr
ugabuser
efer
stot
hemi
suseofdr
ugs. Adr
ugi
sany
thi
ngt
hatcan
changet
hebodychemi
str
y. Dur
ingabusei
nvol
vest
aki
ngdr
ugsbey
ondt
hei
rrequi
red
`
dosage,
changi
ngt
hest
atedr
ugs,
taki
ngexpi
reddr
ugsandmanyot
her
s.

TYPESOFDRUGS

1.St
imul
ant
s. Thesedr
ugsar
eusedt
ocur
edepr
essi
on,gi
vepl
easur
eandconf
idence,
makesomeonej
oll
yandawaket
hroughoutt
heni
ght
. Sucht
hingsi
ncl
udenar
cot
ic
her
oin.

2.Sedat
ives. Thesehav
easmoot
hingandcal
mingef
fect
sont
hebodyact
ivi
ti
esand
of
tencausecheer
ful
nessf
orexampl
emar
ij
uanaandal
cohol
tosomei
ndi
vi
dual
s.

EFFECTSOFDRUGS

Posi
ti
veEf
fect
s

 Dr
ugsar
easour
ceofi
ncomet
othosesel
l
ingt
hem l
eadi
ngt
othepr
ovi
sionoft
he
basi
cneedsofl
i
fet
ochi
l
dren,f
orexampl
ethoseoper
ati
ngabarbusi
ness,sel
l
ing
dr
ugssuchasmar
ij
uana,
cigar
ett
esandmanyot
her
s

 Gov
ernmentget
srev
enuet
hrought
axi
ngt
hosesel
l
ingdr
ugssuchasal
cohol
,thr
ough
l
i
censi
ngsy
stem,
leadi
ngt
oimpl
ement
ati
onofgov
ernmentpol
i
ciesandpr
ogr
ammes.

 Sel
l
ingofdr
ugsi
sasour
ceofempl
oymentt
otheci
ti
zens,t
husav
oidi
ngi
dlenessand
t
heassoci
atedmor
alsconcer
nsataf
ami
l
ylev
el.

 Dr
ug consumer
s getext
ra cour
age and ener
gy t
hus l
eadi
ng t
oincr
ease l
abour
pr
oduct
ivi
ty. Forexampl
e,onet
aki
ngmar
ij
uanacandi
gthewhol
edayf
rom mor
ning
t
oev
eni
ng.

 Forsomepeopl
etaki
ngdr
ugssuchasal
coholi
sthebestwayofspendi
ngl
eisur
eti
me
t
hatbr
ingst
hem happi
nessandr
elaxat
ionofbot
hbodyandmi
ndhencecommandi
ng
goodheal
th.

 Somedr
ugshel
pinr
eli
evi
ngpai
nandt
hushel
psani
ndi
vi
dual
togetsl
eep,
especi
all
yto
t
hosewhoar
esi
ckandmaybel
acki
ngsl
eep.

 Dr
ugssuchasci
gar
ett
esar
easour
ceofhear
ttoi
ndi
vi
dual
sst
ayi
ngi
ncol
dness. For
exampl
eni
ghtwat
chmen,
pol
i
ceof
fi
cer
sonpat
rol
.

 Dr
ugshel
ptocomf
ortpeopl
eanast
yexper
iencef
orexampl
e,l
ossofar
elat
iveanda
br
okenr
elat
ionshi
paf
tert
aki
ngt
hedr
ugsuchasal
coholonef
orget
sint
hemean-t
ime
henceget
ti
ngsl
eep.
`
 Somedr
ugssuchasal
coholar
eimpor
tanti
ncur
ingt
hir
standar
esomet
imesusedas
par
toft
hef
ami
l
ymenui
nsomesoci
eti
esandcount
ri
esl
i
keFr
anceandI
tal
y.

 Somedr
ugsar
eimpor
tantsour
cesofmedi
cinef
ordomest
icani
mal
sandot
her
sar
e
i
mpor
tantf
ort
hemanuf
act
ureofi
nsect
ici
des. Forexampl
etobacco.

 Somedr
ugssuchasal
cohol
,mar
ij
uana,Vi
agr
aandot
her
sar
eusedf
orenhanci
ng
sexualper
for
mance,t
hus cr
eat
ing sexualsat
isf
act
ion t
o mar
ri
age par
tner
s and
pr
omot
ingf
ami
l
yst
abi
l
ity
.

Negat
iveI
mpact
s

 Somedr
ugssuchasnar
cot
icher
oichel
pinki
l
li
ngpai
nandcausi
ngsl
eep,whent
hei
r
ef
fect
sar
eov
er,t
heuserf
eel
srest
less,f
ear
ful
,suf
ferabdomi
nalpai
n,dev
elopsa
f
eel
i
ngofsi
ckness,
yawni
ng,
excessi
vepr
oduct
ionoft
ear
sandmanyot
her
s

 Mostdr
ugsar
eaddi
cti
vei
nthatt
heusermaynotdoany
thi
ngwi
thoutt
aki
ngt
hedr
ug
t
husdest
roy
ingt
hephy
sical
andpsy
chol
ogi
cal
bodymechani
sms.

 Mostdr
ugsl
eadst
oir
rat
ionalj
udgmentandduet
obodyexci
tementl
eadst
ovi
olence,
f
ight
ingpav
ingwayt
oinj
uri
esandsomet
imesdeat
h.

 Some dr
ugs ar
e used t
o car
ry outabor
ti
on ofwhi
ch i
s agai
nstt
he bi
bli
cal
commandment
sasi
tisacaseofmur
der
,condemnedbyt
hebi
ble(
Exodus20:
13)

 Dr
ugabuseencour
agesexi
mmor
ali
tyduet
oact
ivat
ingt
hesexar
gueandr
educi
ngt
he
r
easoni
ngcapaci
tyofani
ndi
vi
dualabusi
ngdr
ugspav
ingwayf
orr
ape,def
il
ement
,
best
ial
i
ty,
prost
it
uti
onandwhi
char
eunGodl
y(Lev19:
29,
20:
10-
22)

 Mostdr
ugsar
eheal
thhazar
ds;t
heydamaget
heor
ganssuchast
hel
i
ver
,lungs,make
t
heuserl
ooseappet
it
epav
ingwayf
orr
educedl
i
keexpect
ancy
.

 Dr
ugabusecancausemar
ri
agei
nst
abi
l
ityduet
othef
actt
hatmostdr
ugabuser
sar
e
al
way
sunwel
comesexualpar
tner
s,t
heyar
evi
olentandsomedr
ugscausei
mpot
ence
i
nmen.

 Dr
ugabusel
eadt
opov
ert
yduet
othef
actt
hatt
heyar
eaddi
cti
veandexpensi
ve,t
hus
al
lfami
l
yresour
cesmaybespentonbuy
ingt
hesedr
ugs.

 Dr
ugabusemayl
eadt
oimpr
isonmentorpay
mentoff
inessi
ncedr
ugabusei
sagai
nst
st
atel
aws.Forex
ampl
esmoki
ngi
npubl
i
candot
her
shencel
eadi
ngt
osuf
fer
ingoft
he
`
dr
uguser
,di
seasesorev
endeat
hinpr
ison.

 Dr
ugabusel
eadst
otheusert
olooser
espectanddi
gni
tyi
nsoci
etyduet
othef
actt
hat
mostdr
ugabuser
sreal
way
sinf
ant
ancyandot
her
sbehav
einaf
unnyway
.

 Dr
ugabusemayl
eadt
oexpul
sionf
rom school
,si
ncei
tisagai
nstmostschoolr
ules
and r
egul
ati
on especi
all
yto st
ri
ctschool
s,t
hus l
eadi
ng t
oloss ofeducat
ional
oppor
tuni
ty. Thi
sisv
eryt
ruewi
thsmoki
ngmar
ij
uana,dr
inki
ngal
coholandot
her
sin
mostschool
s,whi
char
efi
ttobecal
l
edschool
s.

 Dr
ugabusemayl
eadt
ounempl
oymentast
hedr
ugusermaynotexecut
ehi
sdut
iest
o
t
her
equi
redst
andar
d.Dodgewor
k,somel
atef
orwor
kandl
eav
ewor
kear
lyt
ogoand
dr
inkf
ort
hecaseofal
cohol
i
cs.

 Dr
ugabusecausesacci
dent
sespeci
all
ythosewhodr
inkanddr
iveasdr
ugsgi
vef
alse
conf
idencet
othedr
iver
sandsomet
imesseei
magi
nar
yobj
ect
sont
her
oadl
eadi
ngt
o
i
njur
iesandl
osofl
i
fe.

 Dr
ugabusecauseunnecessar
ysl
eepi
ng.Forexampl
east
udentt
akesdr
ugsmay
sl
eep compl
etel
yint
he mi
ddl
e oft
he exami
nat
ion onl
yto wake up af
tert
he
exami
nat
ionhencef
ail
i
ngt
hatexami
nat
ion.

 Somedr
ugsasopi
um,av
iat
ionf
uelandot
her
scausei
ncr
easedcr
imer
atei
nsoci
ety
duet
othef
actt
hatt
heymaket
hebodyoft
hei
ruseri
mmunet
opai
nev
enwhen
subj
ect
edt
oitandmaket
hem t
omakei
rr
ati
onalj
udgment
,leadi
ngt
ocasesofmur
der
,
r
apeanddef
il
ementandmanyot
her
s

 Dr
ugshav
ebeenr
esponsi
blef
ort
hei
ncr
easedcasesofment
aldi
sor
der
sinf
orm of
madnessl
eadi
ngt
oonebecomi
ngadest
it
ute,l
unat
icandsomet
imescommi
tt
ing
sui
cide.

 I
n case of a pr
egnant mot
her dr
ug abuse may cause ser
ious phy
sicaland
psy
chol
ogi
cal
damaget
othechi
l
d,besi
descausi
ngcasesofmi
scar
ri
age.

SOLUTI
ONS

 Thechur
chshoul
dpr
eachagai
nstdr
ugabusewi
thoutf
earorf
avourandshoul
dspel
l
outcl
ear
lyt
hedanger
soft
hepr
act
icet
othecommuni
ty.

 Gov
ernmentshoul
dser
iousl
ypuni
sht
hosei
nvol
vedi
nthepr
act
iceofdr
ugabuset
o
def
erot
her
sfr
om copy
ingi
t.
`
 Medi
calt
reat
ment
,gui
danceandcounsel
i
ngshoul
dbepr
ovi
dedt
othosei
nvol
vedi
n
t
hemi
suseofdr
ugs.

 They
out
hsshoul
dbeadv
isedt
oav
oidbadpeergr
oupst
hatmayent
icet
hem i
ntot
he
pr
act
iceofdr
ugabuseofwhi
chwoul
dexposet
hem t
oheal
th,soci
alandeconomi
c
hazar
ds.

 School
sandi
nst
it
uti
onsofl
ear
ningshoul
def
fect
ivel
yandact
ivel
yteacht
hey
oung
onesaboutt
hedanger
sofdr
ugabuseandshoul
dgoaheadanddi
scour
aget
he
pr
act
iceamongt
hel
ear
ner
s.

 Par
ent
sshoul
dpr
act
icer
esponsi
blepar
ent
hoodbyshowi
nggoodexampl
est
othei
r
chi
l
drenbynoti
nvol
vi
ngi
nthepr
act
iceofdr
ugabuse,besi
dest
heyshoul
dgi
ve
gui
danceandcounsel
i
ngt
othei
rchi
l
drent
oav
ertt
hepr
act
iceofdr
ugabuse.

 Gov
ernmentshoul
d cont
rolt
he qual
i
tyofdr
ugspr
oduced and consumed byt
he
nat
ional
sthr
oughef
fect
ivel
egi
slat
ion.

 Teacher
s,doct
orsandsoci
alwor
ker
sshoul
dbegi
vent
rai
ningt
hatwoul
dhel
pthem t
o
det
ectdr
ugabuseamongt
hey
out
hsatear
lyst
agesot
hatt
heycanbeef
fect
ivel
y
hel
pedt
orecov
erf
rom t
hepr
act
ice.

 Resear
chshoul
dbeopenedupt
ofi
ndoutt
heexactcausesofdr
ugabuse,sucht
hat
ef
fect
ivemeasur
escanbeadopt
edt
oaddr
esst
hepr
act
ice.

 Compani
esdeal
i
ngi
nthepr
oduct
ionofdr
ugsshoul
dbeobl
i
gedbyl
awt
osensi
ti
zet
he
publ
i
cthr
ought
hemassmedi
aandot
herway
saboutt
hedanger
sofdr
ugs,sot
hat
peopl
etaket
hem wi
thf
ull
knowl
edgeoft
hesedanger
stot
hei
rli
vesorot
her
wise.

GAMBLI
NG

Gambl
i
ngcanbedef
inedasapr
act
iceofpl
ayi
nganygamef
ormoney
,whoser
esul
ts
r
emai
nguesswor
ktoal
lpeopl
etaki
ngpar
tint
hegame. I
tinv
olv
esbet
ti
ngmoneyor
anypr
oper
tyonagi
vengamepr
edi
cti
ngt
heout-
comer
esul
ts. I
tisbasedon
pr
obabi
l
ityandr
isksatt
heexpenseofonewhopr
ofi
toutofi
t. Exampl
esofgames
f
orgambl
i
ngi
ncl
udepl
ayi
ngcar
ds(
mat
atu)
,ludo,pr
edi
cti
ngt
hescor
esofaf
oot
bal
l
gameandmanyot
her
s

CAUSESOFGAMBLI
NG

 Lazi
nesswhi
chmakessomepeopl
etodependongambl
i
ngasawayofear
ninga
`
l
i
vel
i
hood. Thi
sisv
erycommonwi
thpeopl
einur
banandper
i-
urbanar
eas.

 Theescal
ati
ngl
evel
sofunempl
oymenti
nugandahav
efor
cedmanyy
out
hst
oresor
tto
gambl
i
ngasawayofmaki
ngendsmeet
.

 Gambl
i
ngi
sonewayofr
aisi
ngmoneyf
orbui
l
dingt
hechur
ch,f
undi
ngpar
ti
est
hrough
t
hepr
ocessoff
undr
aisi
ng.

 Causedbyt
remendousi
ncr
easeofpov
ert
ysucht
hatpeopl
elookati
tast
hebestway
ofget
ti
ngeasymoneyt
osol
vet
heaccumul
atedpr
obl
ems.

 Gambl
i
ng housespayt
axest
o gov
ernmentt
hrough t
hepr
ocessofl
i
censi
ng,f
or
exampl
ethe‘
sada’
pract
iceandot
her
swhi
cht
axesar
eusedbygov
ernmentt
oful
fi
lli
ts
pol
i
ciesandpr
ogr
ammesf
ort
hebenef
itoft
heci
ti
zens.

 Somepeopl
epar
ti
cipat
eint
ogambl
i
ngduet
obei
ngi
gnor
antaboutt
her
isksi
nvol
ved
ast
heyl
ookati
tfr
om onesi
deofgai
ning. Thati
swhygambl
i
ngi
sver
ycommon
amongt
hel
esseducat
edandt
hey
out
hs.

 Gambl
i
ngi
sal
socausedbypeergr
oupi
nfl
uenceamongt
hey
out
h,especi
all
yifoneof
t
hem wi
ns,
other
smayal
sobeent
icedi
ntot
hepr
act
iceduet
obandwagon.

 Gambl
i
ngf
ormsani
nter
est
ingf
orm ofpl
aydur
ingl
eisur
eti
met
hati
schar
act
eri
zedby
l
aughi
nggai
ningt
osomei
ndi
vi
dual
s,ar
gument
sandmanyot
her
swhenpl
ayi
ngcar
ds,
l
udo.

 Somepeopl
egetr
ichoutofi
t,f
orexampl
ethr
oughwi
nni
ngal
otofmoney
,car
,ahouse,
acont
ractandmanyot
her
s

 Thei
ncr
easi
ngl
evel
sofper
missi
venesswi
thi
nthemoder
nsoci
etyal
sof
aci
l
itat
e
gambl
i
ng.Youngpeopl
ear
egi
vent
oomuchf
reedom t
odeci
dewhatpl
easest
hem as
suchsomey
out
hsdeci
det
oengagei
nthepr
act
iceofgambl
i
ng.

 Gambl
i
ngi
sal
sof
aci
l
itat
edbyt
hef
actt
hatt
her
eisnocl
earl
awagai
nstt
hepr
act
icei
n
manyAf
ri
cancount
ri
es. Forex
ampl
einUgandaanyonear
rest
edpl
ayi
ngcar
dsi
s
char
gedundert
hel
aw ofbei
ngi
dleanddi
sor
der
ly,whi
chl
aw i
sbei
ngr
epeat
edi
n
par
li
ament(
Jan2007)
.

 Gambl
i
ngi
sal
soar
esul
tofenv
ironment
aldet
ermi
nism sucht
hatpeopl
ewhost
ayi
n
t
henei
ghbour
hoodofgambl
i
ngcent
res,housesorev
enmanypeopl
einv
olv
edi
nthe
pr
act
iceal
sopav
ewayf
orot
her
stoj
oint
hepr
act
ice,asi
tmaybeconsi
der
edt
he
`
ef
fect
ivewayofear
ningal
i
vingi
nthatpar
ti
cul
arar
ea.

 Gambl
i
ngi
sal
soduet
othehi
ghr
atesofi
dlenessespeci
all
yinur
banar
easaf
tert
he
day
sofwor
kduet
othef
actt
hatl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esar
eexpensi
vet
omostpeopl
e,sot
he
y
out
hsr
esor
ttopl
ayi
ngcar
ds.

 Gambl
i
ngi
sal
soasar
esul
toft
hepr
eci
ousawar
dst
othewi
nni
ngpar
ti
cipant
sputby
t
hegambl
i
nghousesort
hosewhoar
rangegambl
i
nggames.Forexampl
ethewi
nni
ng
par
ti
cipant
smaybepr
omi
sedahouse,acar
,at
ri
ptoEur
opeandmanyot
her
s Thi
s
def
ini
tel
yat
tract
smanyy
out
hst
oinv
olv
eint
hepr
act
icet
owi
nsuchpr
est
igi
ouswar
ds.

 Gambl
i
ngi
sal
soencour
agedbyper
suasi
veadv
ert
isementt
hrought
hemassmedi
a
suchasr
adi
o,newspaper
s.

 Somepeopl
ehav
einv
est
edt
hei
rti
mei
ngambl
i
ngbecauset
heyl
ackpat
ienceasan
i
mpor
tantv
ent
ureofi
nvest
mentand accumul
ati
ng weal
th. Theyt
husr
ushi
nto
gambl
i
ngsoast
ogetqui
ckmoneyorweal
th. Thi
sexpl
ainst
hef
actt
hatt
hemaj
ori
ty
oft
hepeopl
einv
olv
edi
ngambl
i
ngar
eyout
hs.

 Gambl
i
ngi
nUgandai
sal
soduet
othel
i
ber
ali
zat
ionpol
i
cyt
hathasopenedwayf
or
gambl
i
ngi
nvest
orsf
rom f
orei
gncount
ri
est
osetupgambl
i
nghousesast
hei
rbusi
ness
t
o cr
eat
e empl
oymentf
ort
he y
out
hs,besi
des maki
ng super
nor
malpr
ofi
tsf
or
t
hemsel
ves. I
tshoul
dbenot
edhowev
er,t
hatgambl
i
nghasl
edt
oexpl
oit
ati
ont
o
Ugandansr
athert
hanbenef
it
ingt
hem.

DI
SADVANTAGESOFGAMBLI
NG

 Pov
ert
yiscr
eat
edasar
esul
tofgambl
i
ng.Somepeopl
egambl
eunt
ilt
heyar
elef
twi
th
not
hingt
oof
fer
.

 Thepr
act
icei
sanof
fenseagai
nstbr
other
hoodbecausesomeone’
sgai
nisanot
her
one’
sloss.

 Gambl
i
ngmayspar
kof
fdi
sagr
eement
,quar
rel
sandf
ight
ingl
eadi
ngt
olosofl
i
ves
amongt
hosel
oosi
ngandt
hosewi
nni
ngi
nthegambl
i
ngexer
cise.

 Gambl
i
ngencour
agesl
azi
nessamongpeopl
east
heymayst
opwor
kingt
owai
tfor
whatl
uckcanbr
ingt
hem,
thusaf
fect
ingl
abourpr
oduct
ivi
tyanddev
elopment
.

 Thepr
act
iceofgambl
i
ngi
saddi
cti
ve,peopl
ewhogotusedt
othepr
act
icemaydo
not
hingf
ort
hemsel
vesandmayl
ooseal
lthei
rpr
oper
ti
esont
heal
terofgambl
i
ng.
`
 I
tiswr
ongt
ogetmoneyorweal
thonehasnotwor
kedf
orasi
tmayl
eadt
omi
suseof
suchweal
thov
erdr
inki
ngal
cohol
andsexpr
omi
scui
ty,
thusr
iski
ngsomeone’
sli
fe.

 I
nmostcasest
hechancesofwi
nni
ngpr
aisear
ever
yfew,
hencegambl
i
ngi
sunr
eli
abl
e
t
opeopl
epr
act
ici
ngi
tandcausef
rust
rat
ion.

 Gambl
i
ngi
sabl
i
ndi
nvest
ment
,becauseno-bodycanbesur
eoft
her
etur
nast
he
pr
act
icei
sbasedonl
uck,
chancesorpr
obabi
l
ity
.

 Gambl
i
ngmakesaper
sont
oli
vebychancer
athert
hanGod’
spr
ovi
dence. I
tisbadt
o
mi
suseGod’
spr
ovi
dencet
odet
ermi
neone’
sfat
erat
hert
hanaccept
ingGod’
sfat
e.

 Gambl
i
ngmaycr
eat
ehat
redamongt
hosewhol
oset
othosewhogai
nint
hispr
ocess,
t
husi
tissi
nagai
nstbr
other
hood.

 Gambl
i
ngl
eadst
opoorper
for
mancei
ncaseofl
ear
ner
sorschol
ars,asmucht
imei
s
i
nvest
edi
nitr
athert
hanr
eadi
ngbooks,besi
desi
tmaycauseschooldr
op-outasone
goest
oconcent
rat
eongambl
i
ng,
whi
chi
spr
esumedt
ogi
vequi
ckmoney
,weal
th.

 Gambl
i
ngencour
agesi
mmor
alpr
act
icessuchasst
eal
i
ng,cor
rupt
ionanddubi
ous
pr
act
icesespeci
all
yamong t
hey
out
hst
o getmoneyt
oinv
esti
nthepr
act
iceof
gambl
i
ng.

 Gambl
i
nghasl
edt
ofami
l
ynegl
ectassomepeopl
einv
estal
lthei
rti
mei
nthepr
act
ice.
Fami
l
iesmayendupl
acki
ngt
hebasi
cneedsofl
i
fesuchasf
oodduet
othef
actt
hat
somepeopl
emayspendal
lthei
rmoneyi
nthepr
act
iceofgambl
i
ng.

 I
nmostsoci
eti
esgambl
i
ngi
scondemnedbecausei
tpr
omot
escr
imi
nalact
ivi
ti
es.
Thi
sisso becauset
hosei
nvol
ved i
n gambl
i
ng pr
act
icedi
sgui
sed unempl
oyment
dur
ingt
heday
,onl
ytocomei
ntheni
ghtt
opr
act
icepi
ck-
pocket
ing,st
eal
i
ngand
mur
derpeopl
eformoneyandot
herassoci
atedt
err
ori
stact
ivi
ti
es.

 Thepr
act
iceofgambl
i
ngl
eadst
owast
ageofpr
eci
oust
imeespeci
all
yfort
hey
out
hin
amor
eorl
esspr
oduct
ivev
ent
ure,y
etsucht
imewoul
dbei
nvest
edi
napr
oduct
ive
act
ivi
tysuchasagr
icul
tur
e,br
ickmaki
ng.

 Gambl
i
ngl
eadst
odest
ruct
ionofcr
eat
ivi
tyandf
ail
uret
ohar
nessone’
stal
ent
sforhi
s
benef
it
s,hi
sfami
l
yandt
hesoci
etyatl
arge.

BEAUTYCONTESTANDVARI
ETYSHOWSASLEI
SUREACTI
VITI
ES
`
Thesear
egai
ningpr
omi
nencei
nthemoder
nsoci
etybot
hont
hel
ocal
andi
nter
nat
ional
scene. I
tisbecomi
ngamaj
orl
eisur
eact
ivi
tyi
ntoday
’smoder
nsoci
eti
es.

ARGUMENTSOFBEAUTYCONTESTSANDFASHI
ONS

 I
tisawayofpr
omot
ingone’
scul
tur
eespeci
all
ydr
essi
ngf
ashi
onsandcooki
ng.

 I
tisasour
ceofi
ncomet
othepar
ti
cipant
s,aspeopl
ewi
nav
ari
etyofgi
ft
srangi
ng
f
rom car
s,housesandmoneyl
eadi
ngt
oinv
est
mentanddev
elopment
.

 I
thel
pst
hepar
ti
cipant
stogai
nfame,pr
omi
nenceandt
rav
elt
ovar
iouspar
tsoft
he
wor
ldwher
ethosecompet
it
ionswoul
dbeor
gani
zedf
rom,
forexampl
emi
sswor
ld.

 I
tisonewayofmaki
ngt
hecount
ryt
obeknownt
hroughoutt
hewor
ld.Forexampl
e
spect
ator
shencegi
vi
ngt
hem ar
elaxedmi
ndandbody
.

 I
thel
psi
ndi
vi
dual
stohar
nesst
hei
rtal
ent
sandski
l
lsf
ort
hei
rper
sonalbenef
it
s,t
hei
r
f
ami
l
iesandt
hesoci
etyatl
arge. Besi
desi
thel
psi
ndi
vi
dual
stodi
ver
sif
ytoanact
ivi
ty
wher
eonehasmor
eint
erestandt
alent
.

 I
thel
psi
ndi
vi
dual
stoachi
evemat
eri
alsandgi
ft
s,f
orexampl
ecar
sandcasht
hrough
wi
nni
ngt
hecont
est
.

 Beaut
ycont
estandv
ari
etyshowsi
sinawayofadv
ert
isi
ngi
nst
it
uti
onssuchas
school
s,hot
els and cl
ubs.Besi
des i
tis used as a f
orm ofsal
es pr
omot
ion of
compani
essuchasMTN,
Arapapamodel
sandmanyot
her
s

 I
tgi
vesf
ameandpsy
chol
ogi
calsat
isf
act
iont
othewi
nner
s,f
orexampl
eaf
terwi
nni
ng
t
heMi
ssMTN,
psy
chol
ogi
cal
l
yonei
ssat
isf
iedofher
sel
f,besi
desbei
ngpr
oud.

 Beaut
ycont
est
sandv
ari
etyshowshel
pthepar
ti
cipant
stogetmar
ri
agepar
tner
sas
wel
lasav
ari
etyoff
ri
endst
hrought
heexposur
ecr
eat
ed.

 Beaut
ycont
estandv
ari
etyhel
pst
hepar
ti
cipant
stogai
nempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
es
suchasbei
ngagent
sofcompani
es,
empl
oyedi
ntheadv
ert
isementf
iel
dst
husl
eadi
ng
t
otheear
ningofi
ncome.

 Beaut
ycont
estandv
ari
etyshowspr
omot
esaspi
ri
tofcompet
it
ionamongt
hey
out
h
t
husl
eadi
ngt
oef
fi
ciencyi
ndi
sci
pli
neandot
heraspect
sofl
i
fe.

DI
SADVANTAGES

 I
nAf
ri
ca,
itunder
minest
hedi
gni
tyofawoman. Thebodyofawomani
ssupposedt
o
`
bekeptasecr
etandpr
eser
vedonl
yforherhusband,butt
hroughbeaut
ycont
esther
bodyi
sex
posedt
othepubl
i
c.

 Bei
ngbeaut
if
uli
ssubj
ect
ivesot
heoneconsi
der
edt
obebeaut
if
ult
othosej
udgi
ngt
he
compet
it
ionmaynotact
ual
l
ybet
hemostbeaut
if
ul.

 Thepr
act
icei
snor
mal
l
ytooexpensi
vet
othepar
ti
cipant
sandal
otofexer
ciseand
anxi
etyi
sinv
olv
edl
eadi
ngt
ost
ressr
esul
ti
ngi
ntoment
alsi
ckness.

 Thepr
act
icepr
omot
esi
mmor
ali
tyamongspect
ator
sasi
tact
ivat
est
hesexappet
it
e
l
eadi
ngt
ofor
nicat
ion,
prost
it
uti
on,
mast
urbat
ionandmanyot
her
s Thi
sismai
nlydue
t
oexposur
eofnakedbodi
es.

 Judgmenti
susual
l
ybasedonar
ti
fi
cialf
act
orsr
athert
hannat
uralones.I
tisonl
ythose
whoar
ever
sedwi
thcur
rentaf
fai
rs,goodmake-
upsandcl
othesewhowi
natt
he
expenseoft
hepooroneswhocannotaf
for
dsuchmake-
ups.

 I
tcr
eat
eshat
redamongpar
ti
cipant
sespeci
all
ythosewhol
oset
hecompet
it
ionunder
uncl
earj
udgment
.

 Judgmenti
snotbasedondi
sci
pli
neandsoundmor
alpr
inci
plesbutonsuper
fi
cial
f
act
orswhi
chdoesnotpr
omot
edi
sci
pli
neandgoodbehav
ioramongt
hepar
ti
cipant
s
andt
hesoci
etyatl
arge.

 Beaut
ycont
estdoesnotcont
ri
but
eal
otofeconomi
cdev
elopmentoft
hecount
ry;
i
nst
eadi
tincr
easedexpendi
tur
eoni
mpor
ti
ngcost
umesandot
hermat
eri
alsusedi
n
t
hecompet
it
ion.

 I
tisawayofgai
ningwi
thoutwor
kingont
hesi
deoft
hewi
nner
sofwhi
chl
eadst
oissue
ofsuchweal
th.

 I
tpr
omot
esi
mmor
ali
tyi
nfor
m ofr
aci
sm andcor
rupt
ionduet
othef
actt
hati
tlooks
embar
rassi
ngt
otheEur
opeanst
odecl
areami
sswor
ldwhoi
sanAf
ri
can,
sot
heyend
updoi
ngany
thi
ngnast
ytoav
oidsuchr
esul
ts.

 Beaut
ycont
estcr
eat
esconf
li
ctsbet
weenpar
ent
sandt
hei
rchi
l
dren.Ther
ear
esome
par
ent
swhowoul
dnotwi
sht
hei
rchi
l
drent
opar
ti
cipat
eint
hepr
act
iceduet
orel
i
gious
bel
i
efsandcul
tur
alv
alues,andy
ett
hechi
l
drenmaybei
nter
est
edhencel
eadi
ngt
o
conf
li
cts.

 I
tmayr
esul
tint
oar
roganceespeci
all
ytot
hosewhowi
nthecompet
it
ionl
eadi
ngt
o
`
di
srespectofot
her
s.

SI
MILARI
TIES BETWEEN TRADI
TIONAL ATTI
TUDES AND CHRI
STI
AN ATTI
TUDES
TOWARDSLEI
SURE

 Bot
hencour
ager
est
ingaf
terat
edi
ouswor
kforexampl
eEcc.3:1-
8encour
ages
bal
anci
ngwor
kwi
thl
eisur
etogi
vel
i
fef
ull
meani
ng.

 Tobot
h,l
eisur
eisf
orcul
ti
vat
ingcul
tur
al,
soci
alandr
eli
giousv
irt
ues.

 Bot
hthet
radi
ti
onalAf
ri
canandChr
ist
iani
tyencour
agest
heuseofl
eisur
eforpr
ayert
o
God. Thati
swhyJesusused t
o go t
o si
l
entpl
acesf
orpr
ayer
sasa wayof
communi
cat
ingt
oGod(
Mar
k1:
35-
36)

 Tobot
h,l
eisur
eisf
orsel
f-i
mpr
ovementbyr
efl
ect
ingonone’
sli
feandpl
anf
ort
he
f
utur
e.

 Tobot
h,l
eisur
eisi
mpor
tantf
ordev
elopi
ngonest
alent
stohi
sper
sonalbenef
it
sand
t
hesoci
etyatl
arge.

 Tobot
hfr
iendshi
pandshar
ingdur
ingl
eisur
eti
mesi
shi
ghl
yencour
aged.Forexampl
e,
t
het
radi
ti
onalAf
ri
canswoul
dgof
orbeerpar
tycel
ebr
ati
ons,wher
eev
enst
ranger
s
woul
dbeal
l
owedt
opar
ti
cipat
efr
eel
y. Besi
desJesusi
nJohn2at
tendedaweddi
ng
f
easti
nCanaofGal
i
leewher
ehet
urnedwat
eri
ntowi
nef
ort
hepeopl
e.

 Bot
hencour
ager
esi
sti
ngt
hef
ri
ends,
rel
ati
vesandt
hesi
ck.Forexampl
e,Jesususedt
o
v
isi
thi
sfr
iendsMar
thaandMar
ydur
inghi
slei
sur
eti
me(
Luke10:
38)

 Bot
husedl
eisur
eti
mef
orst
ory-
tel
l
ingandpar
abl
esai
medati
mpar
ti
ngdi
sci
pli
neand
goodmor
als.Forexampl
eJesususedt
oteachi
npar
abl
esandt
ellst
ori
est
othe
y
oungonesdur
inghi
slei
sur
eti
me.

 Bot
hgav
ecel
ebr
ati
onsandr
it
ual
stot
hel
i
vingdeadmember
s.Forexampl
e,t
he
Chr
ist
iansespeci
all
ytheRomanCat
hol
i
cChur
chor
gani
zemassf
ort
hedead.Mor
eso
3rdNov
emberi
sdedi
cat
edf
orpr
ayi
ngf
ort
hedead.

 Bot
husesi
ngi
nganddanci
ngasani
mpor
tantl
eisur
eact
ivi
ty. Si
ngi
ngi
nthechur
chi
s
ai
medatgl
ori
fyi
ngGod,t
hanki
nghi
mforhi
sgr
eat
ness,seeki
ngf
orf
orgi
venessand
manyot
her
s

 Bot
hencour
agedf
ell
owshi
ppi
ngwi
thoneanot
hert
opr
omot
euni
tyandco-
oper
ate.For
`
exampl
e,Jesushadaf
ell
owshi
patLev
i’
shouse(
Luke5:
27-
32)andaf
eastatSi
mon’
s
house(
Luke7:
36)andt
hrought
hesef
east
shewoul
dteachpeopl
ethewi
l
lofGod.

 Bot
hgav
eoppor
tuni
ti
est
oint
roducenewmember
soft
hecommuni
ty.Forexampl
eit
wasdur
ingl
eisur
eti
met
hatnew mar
ri
agepar
tner
swoul
dbeof
fi
cial
l
yint
roducedt
o
soci
etymember
sint
radi
ti
onal
Afr
ica.

DI
FFERENCES BETWEEN AFRI
CAN TRADI
TIONAL SOCI
ETY AND CHRI
STI
AN
ATTI
TUDESTOWARDSLEI
SURETI
ME

 Chr
ist
iani
tyt
odaydi
sappr
ovessomet
radi
ti
onaldancessuchasMagunj
u,Rakar
aka
andt
windanci
ngwhi
char
econsi
der
edt
obei
mmor
al.

 Chr
ist
iani
tydoesn’
tagr
eewi
thusi
ngl
eisur
eforseduci
ng,y
eti
twasal
l
owedand
consi
der
ednor
mal
int
radi
ti
onal
Afr
ica.

 Chr
ist
iani
tydoesn’
tagr
eewi
thdr
unkar
dnessasal
eisur
eact
ivi
ty,y
eti
ntr
adi
ti
onal
Af
ri
cabeerpar
tywasamaj
orl
eisur
eact
ivi
tyi
nmostsoci
ety
.

 Chr
ist
iani
ty doesn’
tagr
ee wi
th dr
ugs such as chewi
ng t
obacco,whi
ch was an
i
mpor
tantl
eisur
eact
ivi
tyi
ntr
adi
ti
onalAf
ri
cansoci
eti
es,suchast
heBany
arwanda
soci
eti
es.

 Chr
ist
iani
tydi
sappr
ovesmi
suseofsexdur
ingl
eisur
eti
me,y
ett
radi
ti
onal
l
yitwasa
caseofhospi
tal
i
tyt
ogi
vei
nawi
fet
oav
isi
torf
orsexi
nter
cour
sei
nsomesoci
eti
esas
t
heBahi
maofWest
ernUganda.

 Set
ti
ngasi
deoneday(
Sabbat
h)f
orr
estandl
eisur
e,y
etenj
oymentasperChr
ist
iani
tyi
s
unaccept
abl
etot
radi
ti
onal
Afr
ica,
wher
elei
sur
ewasmi
xedupwi
thwor
k.

WHATARETHEBI
BLI
CALPRI
NCI
PLESOFLEI
SURE?

 I
ntheol
dtest
ament
,Godwor
kedf
orsi
xday
sandbl
essedt
hesev
ent
hdayasadayf
or
r
es(
Gen2:
2)

 TheI
srael
i
teswer
ecommandedt
orestf
rom wor
kont
heSabbat
h(Ex20:
8-11)

 TheSabbat
hfeastwasmadeadayf
orwor
shi
poft
hecr
eat
or,adayoft
hanksgi
vi
ng,
aski
ngf
orGod’
shel
p(Deut5:
12-
15)

 TheSabbat
hfeastwasal
someantf
orf
ell
owshi
p. I
twasat
imeofgi
vi
ngsacr
if
ices
af
terwhi
cht
her
ewasshar
ingofmeat(
Num 28:
9-11)
`
 Lei
sur
ewasf
ordev
elopmentofski
l
ls(
Ecc30:
2)

 Lei
sur
ewasunder
stoodasahumanr
hyt
hm. Ther
ewast
imef
orev
ery
thi
ng(
Ecc3:
1-8)

 ThePsal
msshowedhowGodwast
obewor
shi
ppedj
oyf
ull
ywi
thmusi
cali
nst
rument
s
(
Psal
ms150:
47)

 The Jews j
oined i
n sev
eralf
eAf
ri
can t
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,Passov
er,t
aber
nacl
es,
Pent
ecostandmanyot
her
s Whenat
empl
einJer
usal
em wasopened,ev
ery
onehad
t
ogot
her
efort
hosef
east
sandcel
ebr
ati
ons.

 I
nthenew t
est
ament
,Jesuspassedhi
slei
sur
eti
meat
tendi
ngSabbat
hcel
ebr
ati
ons
wher
ehef
ull
ypar
ti
cipat
edi
nreadi
ngscr
ipt
ures(
Lk4;
16)

 Jesusal
sor
elaxedbyat
tendi
ngweddi
ngpar
ti
es.Forexampl
eatCana(
John2:
1)
wher
eheal
l
owedt
odr
inksomeal
coholbychangi
ngwat
eri
ntowi
net
osav
ethecoupl
e
f
rom publ
i
cembar
rassment
.

 Jesuswoul
dgot
olonel
ypl
acef
orper
sonalr
efl
ect
ion,hecoul
dinv
itehi
sdi
sci
plesf
or
r
efl
ect
ion(
Mat6:
31)

 Chr
istal
soenj
oyedhi
slei
sur
eti
mebyv
isi
ti
ngf
ri
ends. Theewer
eMar
thaandMar
y,
si
sterofLazar
us(
Luke5:
29,
19:
5)

 Jesusnot
edt
hatl
eisur
eshoul
dnotcont
rolmen. WhenSabbat
hbecomeabur
den,
he
not
edt
hatSabbat
hwasmadef
ort
hegoodofman,
manwasnotmadef
ort
heSabbat
h
(
Mar
k2:
23-
25)

 Jesuscr
eat
edandst
rengt
henedr
elat
ionshi
pwi
thhi
sfat
heri
npr
ayer
.

 Jesusr
est
edf
rom wor
k,hehadt
imet
osl
eep. I
nthegospel
,hei
spr
esent
edt
ohav
e
beenl
yi
ngonapi
l
lowsl
eepi
ngdur
ingt
het
imeoft
heheav
yst
orm.

THEMI
SUSEOFLEI
SUREI
NTHEBI
BLE

 Gen6:
1-9i
ndi
cat
espeopl
emi
susi
ngt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
mebyengagi
ngi
nadul
ter
yand
f
orni
cat
ion.

 ThemenofSodom andGomor
rahf
ell
inl
ovewi
thf
ell
owmen(
Gen19)

 Exodus32i
ndi
cat
esI
srael
i
tesi
ndi
cat
ingl
eisur
ebymaki
ngandwor
shi
pingt
hegol
den
cal
fast
hei
rgod.
`
 I
sai
ah5:
11-
22condemnsal
lthosewhower
eget
ti
ngupear
lyi
nthemor
ningandst
art
dr
inki
ng.

 Amos4:
1-11condemnst
hewomenofBashanwhodemandedt
hei
rhusbandst
okeep
t
hem suppl
i
edwi
thLi
quor
.

 Pr
over
bs23:
19di
scour
agedpeopl
ewhousedt
hei
rlei
sur
eti
met
obecomedr
unkar
ds.

MONEYANDWEALTH

Moneycanbedef
inedasany
thi
ngwhi
chi
sgener
all
yaccept
abl
efort
hedi
schar
geona
debt
.Iti
samedi
um ofexchangef
orgoodandser
vicesandot
herco-
oper
atef
act
ors
ofpr
oduct
ionasl
and. Moneyconsi
stsofcoi
nssuchassi
l
verandcopperand
cur
rencynot
es.

CHARACTERI
STI
CSOFMONEY

 Accept
abi
l
ity
. Moneyshoul
dbeaccept
abl
ebyal
lci
ti
zensasamedi
um ofexchange.
Peopl
eshoul
dbeconf
identt
hati
tist
obeaccept
abl
ybyot
her
sint
urn.

 Di
vi
sibi
l
ity
. Theabi
l
ityt
obedi
vi
dedi
ntosmal
l
eruni
tsoft
heset
ti
ngofbot
hsmal
land
hugepay
ment
sandt
ransact
ions.

 Dur
abi
l
ity
. Onepi
eceofmoneyshoul
dnotl
osev
aluev
eryeasi
l
y. Thati
stosayt
he
v
alueonmoneyshoul
dremai
nunchangeabl
eforar
easonabl
elengt
hoft
ime,soast
o
ser
veasast
oreofv
alue.

 Homogenei
ty. Onepi
eceofmoneymaybet
hesamei
nal
lchar
act
eri
sti
csascol
our
,
si
zeandmanyot
her
s. Forexampl
ethet
ent
housandshi
l
li
ngscur
rencyshoul
dbet
he
samet
hroughoutt
heeconomy
.

 Tr
anspor
tabi
l
ity
. Moneyshoul
dbeeasyt
orecogni
zef
rom ot
herpi
eceofpaper
.It
shoul
dhav
edef
inedcol
ourandshape.

 Scar
cit
y. Moneyshoul
dhav
eal
i
mit
edsuppl
yinor
dert
ocommandv
alue.

 Mal
l
eabi
l
ity
. Thi
smeanst
hatmoneyshoul
dnotbeeasyt
ofor
ge,f
orger
ymayaf
fect
i
tssuppl
yandt
husi
tsv
aluei
ntheeconomy
.

FUNCTI
ONS/
ADVANTAGESOFMONEY

 Moneyi
sauni
tofaccount
. Thati
s,i
tisusedasast
oreofv
alueofcar
ryi
ngout
cal
cul
ati
onsandaccount
ingpr
ocedur
est
oef
fectbusi
nesst
ransact
ions.Forexampl
e,
`
f
oranyact
ivi
ty’
sval
ue t
o be pr
oper
lyunder
stood bymanypeopl
eitshoul
d be
i
nter
pret
edi
nmonet
aryv
alue.

 I
tisamedi
um ofexchangef
orgoodsandser
vices. I
tthusf
aci
l
itat
esbusi
ness
t
ransact
ionsandenabl
espeopl
etoat
tachser
vicessuchaseducat
ion,heal
thser
vices
andmanyot
her
s

 I
tact
sasast
oreofweal
th,becausesomeasasset
sdepr
eci
ateatahi
ghr
ateandso
t
heyar
eusual
l
yconv
ert
edi
ntomoney
,whi
chdoesn’
teasi
l
ydepr
eci
ates.

 I
tcanbeusedf
ordef
err
edpay
mentoff
utur
epay
ment
sinf
orm ofst
andi
ngor
der
sfor
t
hebank.

 Moneyi
simpor
tantf
ort
hepay
mentofschoolf
eesl
eadi
ngt
oacqui
sit
ionofeducat
ion
whi
chi
sver
yimpor
tanti
nvest
ment
.

 Moneyi
sver
yimpor
tantf
orpay
mentofchur
cht
it
hes,
chur
chof
fer
ingsandusi
ngi
tfor
f
aci
l
itat
ingt
hepr
eachi
ngoft
hegospel
.Thi
siti
susedf
ort
heexpansi
onofGod’
s
ki
ngdom.

 Moneyi
sver
yimpor
tantf
ort
heacqui
sit
ionoft
hebasi
cneedsofl
i
fesuchasf
ood,
cl
othi
ngandshel
terespeci
all
yinur
banar
easwher
emostser
vicesi
fnotal
lrequi
reuse
ofmoney
.

 Moneypr
ovi
deswi
thdi
gni
tywi
thdi
gni
tyandahi
ghst
atusi
nthesoci
ety
;thosewho
hav
emoneyi
nmostsoci
eti
est
odayar
ehi
ghl
yrespect
edasopposedt
othosewi
thout
i
t.

 Moneyi
simpor
tantf
orf
inanci
ngl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
essuchaswat
chi
ngaf
oot
bal
lmat
ch,
goi
ngf
oradr
amaandv
isi
ti
ngagamepar
k.Hencel
eadi
ngt
oat
tai
ningar
elaxedmi
nd.

 I
nthecur
rentst
andar
dsoft
hewor
ld,moneyi
sver
yimpor
tanti
nacqui
ri
ngpol
i
tical
poweraspoorpeopl
ear
erar
elyv
otedi
ntopol
i
tical
off
icesi
nthemoder
nsoci
ety
.

 Moneyi
simpor
tantf
orat
tai
ningmedi
calcar
e. Mostgoodmedi
calcent
reschar
gea
l
otomoneysucht
hatt
hosewi
thouti
tmaynothav
eaccesst
oqual
i
tyser
vicest
hus
l
eadi
ngt
ocasesofl
ossofl
i
ves.

 Moneyf
aci
l
itat
est
het
ranscr
ipt
sofgoodsandser
vicesf
rom pl
acet
oanot
her
,thusi
t
act
sasanengi
neofdev
elopment
.
`
 Moneyi
susef
ulf
ort
hepay
mentoft
axessuchasv
alueaddedt
axesandpayasy
ou
ear
nleadi
ngt
ofaci
l
itat
inggov
ernmentt
oimpl
ementi
tspol
i
ciesandpr
ogr
ammesf
or
t
hebenef
it
soft
heci
ti
zens.

 Moneyi
simpor
tanti
nacqui
sit
ionofamar
ri
agepar
tnerespeci
all
yont
hesi
deoft
he
man,wi
thoutmoneyi
tbecomeshar
dtogetawomanofendswi
shesandi
nter
net
,
si
ncemostwomenl
ookf
orwar
dforar
ichhusbandorpar
tner
.

DI
SADVANTAGES/DANGERSOFMONEY

 Moneyhasl
edt
odi
scr
imi
nat
ioni
nsoci
etybet
weent
her
ichandt
hepoor
. Thosewho
hav
ethemoneyhav
ethei
rownsoci
alcl
assandt
hosewi
thouti
tthei
rowncl
ass,t
hus
l
eadi
ngt
othei
ncr
easi
nggapbet
weent
her
ichandt
hepoori
nthesoci
ety
.

 Moneyhasl
edt
omi
suseofl
eisur
etot
hosehav
ingal
otofi
tinf
orm ofov
erdr
inki
ng
al
cohol
,smoki
ngandsexmi
susel
eadi
ngt
oexposi
ngone’
ssel
ftot
her
iskofdi
seases.

 Thedesi
ret
ogetmoneyhaspav
edwayf
orcasesofpi
ckpocket
ing,t
hef
tandot
her
s
l
eadi
ngt
oimpr
isonmentandt
her
elat
edconsequences.

 Duet
otheneedt
oaccumul
atemoneyt
hroughmaxi
mizi
ngpr
ofi
ts,moneyhasl
edt
o
expl
oit
ati
onofwor
ker
sbyempl
oyer
s,t
hepoorbyt
her
ichl
eadi
ngt
ohat
redi
nsoci
ety

 Sexi
mmor
ali
tysuchaspr
ost
it
uti
onhomosexual
i
tyandf
orni
cat
ionar
eoni
ncr
ease
par
tl
yduet
otheneedt
ogetmoney
. Thi
sishowev
eragai
nstt
hebi
bli
calt
eachi
ng,
for
exampl
ePr
ov7:
1-27andDeut23:
17-
18.

 Moneyhasal
sol
edt
opol
i
ticali
nst
abi
l
iti
esduet
othef
actt
hatt
hosewi
thouti
thav
e
r
esor
ted t
ovi
olenceand war
sinor
dert
o geti
t,wi
tht
hehopeofov
ert
hrowi
ng
gov
ernment
.

 Moneyhasr
esul
ted i
nto sect
ari
an t
endenci
esi
nthesoci
ety
,such t
endenci
esas
nepot
ism;t
ri
bal
i
sm andot
her
speopl
egi
vej
obst
othei
rrel
ati
vessoast
okeepmoney
wi
thi
nthei
rfami
l
y,whi
chi
sunf
airt
osoci
etymember
s.

 Moneyl
eadst
oman’
sev
asi
onofGodassomepeopl
eputt
hei
rent
ir
emi
ndandt
rusti
n
moneyandnegl
ectGod.Someev
enuseunGodl
yway
stoat
tai
nmoney
,suchas
par
ti
cipat
ingi
ncor
rupt
ion,
expl
oit
ingot
her
sandmanyot
her
s

 Moneyl
eadst
oimmor
alact
ssuchascor
rupt
ion,br
iber
yandov
erchar
gingwi
tht
he
v
iewofaccumul
ati
ngi
t,hencel
eadi
ngt
ohat
redamongsoci
etymember
s.
`
 Moneyl
eadst
oabuseofpr
ofessi
onalet
hics,f
orexampl
esomedoct
orspr
act
ice
eut
hanasi
a,hel
p women t
o car
ry out abor
ti
on whi
l
e some t
eacher
s pr
act
ice
exami
nat
ionmal
-pr
act
icesal
li
nthenameofmaki
ngmoney
.

 Moneyhasal
sor
esul
tedi
ntomur
der
,sur
ger
yleadi
ngt
olossofl
i
vesaswel
las
pr
oper
tybyt
her
ich.

 Moneyl
eadst
othepr
act
iceofboost
ingbyt
her
ich,whi
chl
eadst
obr
eakdownof
humanr
elat
ionshi
pspav
ingwayf
orhat
red.

 Moneycausesi
nsecur
it
y.A per
sonwi
thmoneyi
sal
way
sat
argett
othi
evesand
r
obber
sther
efor
ehekeepswor
ryi
ngal
lthet
ime(
Ecc5:
12)

 Manypeopl
etodaydodget
axesl
evi
ed ont
hem bygov
ernmentwi
tht
hev
iew of
maxi
mizi
ngpr
ofi
tswhi
chsomet
imesl
eadst
oimpr
isonmentoncedi
scov
ered.

 Moneyhasmadesomepeopl
etodot
oomuchwor
korbecomewor
kor
ient
edwi
tht
he
v
iewofget
ti
ngmoney
.Thi
shasr
esul
tedi
ntof
ami
l
ybr
eakdownandot
hersoci
alt
ies.
Forexampl
esomehusbandshav
enegl
ect
edt
hei
rfami
l
iesi
nthenameofmaki
ng
moneyespeci
all
yinur
banar
eas.

 Fai
l
uret
ohav
emoneyhasr
ender
edmanypeopl
etor
emai
nunmar
ri
ed,
ast
heymaynot
beabl
etopaybr
idepr
ice,
leav
eal
oneget
ti
ngt
hemar
ri
agepar
tneronewi
shedt
omar
ry.

 Moneycausesmi
str
ustamongpeopl
eev
enmar
ri
agepar
tner
s,l
eadi
ngt
oconf
li
ctst
hat
pav
ewayf
orf
ami
l
ybr
eakdown.

PEOPLE’
SATTI
TUDESTOWARDSWEALTH

 Mostpeopl
eseeweal
thasasour
ceofst
atus. Ther
ichar
egi
venr
espectandspeci
al
pl
acesev
eni
nthechur
cht
heyar
eal
way
sgi
venf
rontseAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
,
r
ecogni
zedwi
thr
espectandot
her
sasopposedt
othepoor
.

 Somepeopl
ebel
i
evet
hatamassi
ngweal
thi
sGod’
sbl
essi
ngt
oman. Thi
sisi
nli
ne
wi
tht
hebi
bli
cal
teachi
ngssuchasPr
over
bs11:
24andt
het
extofJob.

 Manypeopl
eacqui
reweal
thatt
heexpenseoft
hepoor
,thust
heyexpl
oitt
hem. They
ar
guet
hatt
heendj
ust
if
iest
hemeansandasser
tthatwhati
simpor
tanti
sbei
ngr
ich,
t
hemet
hodsuseddon’
tmat
ter
.

 Todayt
her
eisaneedt
omaxi
mizepr
ofi
tsi
nor
dert
oaccumul
ateweal
th. Thi
shasl
ed
`
t
oexpl
oit
ati
ont
huscont
rav
eni
ngt
hebi
bli
calt
eachi
ngandsi
nni
ngagai
nstt
heLor
d
(
Amos5:
11,
1Ti
m 6;
17)

 Mostpeopl
etodayhav
edev
elopedsel
fi
sht
endencyi
ntheuseofweal
th,t
heydonot
shar
e wi
tht
he l
ess pr
ivi
l
eged t
her
e bybr
ingi
ng condemnat
ion f
rom t
he Lor
dto
t
hemsel
ves(
Luke16:
19-
30,
Prov
erbs17:
5,29:
7)

 Somepeopl
eear
nweal
tht
hroughsexualabusesuchaspr
ost
it
uti
on,
idol
atr
yandmany
ot
her
s Thus ev
adi
ng God as a r
esul
tofcommi
tt
ing si
n and causi
ng deat
hto
t
hemsel
ves.(
Prov
erbs7:
6-27)

 Mostr
ichpeopl
ethi
nki
nter
msof‘
sur
viv
alf
ort
hef
it
test
’,t
heyhav
edev
elopedt
he‘
I
don’
tcar
e’at
ti
tudet
owar
dst
hepoor
,ast
heydon’
tbot
herhel
pingt
hem.

 Somepeopl
ebel
i
evet
hatweal
thi
sar
ewar
dforbei
ng good and keepi
ng God’
s
commandment
s. Thi
sisi
nli
newi
tht
hebi
bli
cal
teachi
ngssuchasPr
over
bs11:
31.

 Manypeopl
ehav
ebecomeext
rav
aganti
ntheuseoft
hei
rweal
th,ast
heyev
enbuy
goodst
hatt
heydon’
tuse,
thuspr
odi
gal
i
tyi
sver
ycommoni
nri
chf
ami
l
ies.

 Manyr
ichpeopl
e’
shomesar
echar
act
eri
zedbyl
uxur
y,pr
ideandar
rogance,t
hatar
e
l
i
kel
ytoat
tractGod’
spuni
shment(
1Ti
m 6:
17,
James2:
1-7,
5:1-
6)

 Manypeopl
ear
enotcont
ent
edwi
thwhatt
heyhav
e. Thust
heyhav
ebecomewor
k
or
ient
edi
nat
temptt
oacqui
remor
eweal
th. Thi
shasl
edt
ofami
l
ynegl
ect
,leadi
ngt
o
casesofext
ramar
it
alandf
ami
l
ybr
eakdown.

 Somer
ichpeopl
ehav
edeci
dedt
oenj
oyl
i
feasi
fther
eisnott
omor
row t
hrough
excessi
vedr
inki
ng,sexualr
eckl
essl
eadi
ngt
oexposi
ngt
hemsel
vest
odi
seasessuch
asAI
Ds,
hear
tdi
seases,
li
verpr
obl
emsandot
her
sresul
ti
ngi
ntodeat
h.

 Manyr
ichpeopl
econf
esst
hatmaj
orpr
obl
em i
snothow t
ogetweal
thbuthow t
o
spendi
t,t
husdev
elopi
ngt
endenci
esofboast
ing.

 Somer
ichpeopl
ehav
econsi
der
edweal
tht
obemor
eimpor
tantt
hanGod,hence
ev
adi
ngGod.Forexampl
etheydonotat
tendchur
chpr
ayer
sev
enonSunday
sast
hey
ar
eal
way
spr
e-occupi
edbyt
hei
rweal
th.

I
MPORTANCEOFWEALTH

 Weal
thi
sver
yimpor
tanti
nacqui
sit
ionofst
atus,andr
especti
nsoci
ety
. Ther
ichar
e
`
t
reat
edwi
thgr
eatr
espectatv
ari
ousl
evel
sofsoci
ety
.

 Weal
thgi
vesmanl
i
ber
tyofnotbei
ngabeggar
,ofwhi
chi
sdehumani
zi
ngandmakes
onenott
ocommandanyr
especti
nsoci
ety
.

 Weal
thi
simpor
tanti
nacqui
sit
ionoff
ri
ends. Ri
chpeopl
ehav
emanyf
ri
endsas
opposedt
othepoorones. Thi
sisi
nli
newi
tht
hebi
bli
calt
eachi
ngsespeci
all
y
Pr
over
bs14:
20.

 Weal
thact
sassecur
it
yatol
dagewhenonei
sunabl
etowor
k.Forexampl
eaper
son
whoaccumul
atedweal
thwhi
l
eyoungwoul
dli
vegoodl
i
feev
enwhenhe/
shest
opsat
ol
dageasopposedt
otheonewhohadnosav
ingswhi
l
eyoung.

 Accor
dingt
othepr
esentst
andar
dsoft
hewor
ld,weal
thi
simpor
tantf
oracqui
sit
ionof
pol
i
ticalpower
. The r
ich can af
for
dtoi
nfl
uence bei
ng v
oted i
nto keypol
i
tical
posi
ti
onsusi
ngt
hei
rweal
th,
especi
all
yinpoorcount
ri
esl
i
keUganda.

 Weal
thi
fwel
lused,t
hroughshar
ingwi
thot
her
spr
omot
esgoodr
elat
ionshi
pbet
ween
i
ndi
vi
dual
sandt
hesoci
etyatl
arge,
thusf
ost
eri
ngpeaceandst
abi
l
ity
.

 Weal
thi
simpor
tantf
oracqui
sit
ionofbet
termedi
calf
aci
l
iti
esf
ori
ndi
vi
dualandt
he
f
ami
l
yatl
arget
husboast
ingl
i
feexpect
ancy
.

 Weal
thi
simpor
tantf
oracqui
sit
ionofbet
tereducat
ionf
aci
l
iti
esf
ort
hef
ami
l
ymember
s
.Forexampl
einUgandagoodschool
scanonl
ybeaf
for
dedbyt
her
ichandsoar
e
uni
ver
sit
ygoodcour
sessuchashumanmedi
cine,
lawandmanyot
her
s

 Weal
thi
simpor
tantf
oracqui
sit
ionofamar
ri
agepar
tner
,inmostcaseswomenpr
efer
mar
ri
agepar
tner
swhoar
eeconomi
cal
l
ywel
lof
ftoensur
esuppor
tandmeet
ingt
he
basi
cneedsofl
i
fe,
besi
despay
mentofbr
ideweal
thorpr
ice.

 Weal
thi
simpor
tantf
orsat
isf
yingman’
sbasi
cneedsofl
i
fesuchasf
ood,cl
othi
ngand
goodshel
ter
.

 Weal
thhel
pst
oobt
ainpl
easur
esuchasenj
oyi
ngmoder
nlei
sur
eact
ivi
ti
essuchas
wat
chi
ngaf
oot
bal
lmat
ch,
int
ernat
ional
andl
ocal
musi
ciansandmanyot
her
s

 Weal
thi
s al
so i
mpor
tantf
oracqui
sit
ion ofl
uxur
ies such as at
tai
ning good and
expensi
vev
ehi
clesandf
ancydr
essi
ngt
hati
ntur
ncommandsr
espectandst
atusi
n
soci
ety
.
`
MONEYANDWEALTHI
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TION

 Bef
orecol
oni
ali
sm,moneywasunhear
dofi
nAf
ri
ca.Theexchangeofgoodsand
ser
viceswasdonebybar
tersy
stem. Thi
simpl
i
est
hatweal
thwasi
ncr
easedi
nter
ms
ofr
elat
ives,st
atusandpr
oper
ti
esl
i
kecat
tl
eandchi
l
drenbutnoti
nmoneyt
ermsasi
t
i
stoday
. Mor
esoweal
thwast
racedt
hroughwi
sdom andhar
dwor
king.

 I
ntr
adi
ti
onAf
ri
ca,asset
ssuchasl
and,f
orest
sandwat
erbodi
eswer
ecommunal
l
y
ownedsi
ncet
heywer
enev
eri
nter
pret
edi
ntomoneyv
alue.

 Tr
adi
ti
onal
l
yweal
thwast
akenasi
mpor
tanti
fitbenef
it
edt
hesoci
etyasawhol
e.
Howev
erwi
sdom andagewer
emor
eval
uedascompar
edt
oweal
th.

 I
ntr
adi
ti
onalAf
ri
ca,t
her
ewasnoexpl
oit
ati
onasmostsoci
eti
esexper
iencedacl
ass
l
ess st
ate and t
hatpeopl
e woul
d bor
row and exchange goods and ser
vices i
n
har
moni
ousway
.

 I
n some dev
eloped soci
eti
es t
he t
radi
ti
onalAf
ri
ca,such as t
hose exper
ienci
ng
monar
chi
es,t
he ki
ng was t
he ov
eral
lowneroft
he t
ri
bes bet
ween hi
s subj
ect
s.
Howev
erhewast
osol
veconf
li
ctsbet
weenhi
ssubj
ect
s,pr
ovi
def
ort
hem butnot
necessar
il
ytoexpl
oit
ati
on.

 Tr
adi
ti
onal
l
yweal
thwasassoci
atedwi
tht
hecommuni
ty. Thati
sev
ery
onewasei
ther
poororr
ich. Tr
adi
ti
onal
l
y,pov
ert
ywasseenasacur
sef
rom Godorspi
ri
tswhi
l
e
weal
thabl
essi
ng. Har
dwor
kwasal
way
sencour
agedasawayofaccumul
ati
ng
weal
thandl
azi
nesswasst
rongl
ydi
scour
agedasi
twoul
dpav
ewayf
orbei
ngpoor
.

MONEYANDWEALTHI
NTHEBI
BLE

Thebi
blepr
esent
sbot
haposi
ti
veandnegat
ivet
eachi
ngaboutmoneyandweal
th. I
n
somear
easweal
thi
sconsi
der
edabl
essi
ngandy
etot
her
slookati
tasasour
ceofev
il
asdi
scussedbel
ow;

Ol
dTest
ament

 Thet
extofGenesi
sindi
cat
est
hatGodi
sthesour
ceofweal
th. Hei
sthecr
eat
orand
sust
ainerofl
i
fe(
Gen1:
29)

 TheOl
dTest
amentpr
esent
sweal
thasabl
essi
ngf
rom God,especi
all
yforbei
ng
r
ight
eous. Abr
aham wasr
ewar
dedwi
thal
otofweal
thanddescendant
sbecauseof
bei
ngf
ait
hful
toGod(
Gen13:
1-6,
26:
12,
lev26:
3-13,
Deut6:
3,7:
12-
15,
11:
13-
17,
28:
1-14)
`
 Thet
extofpr
over
b30:
8-9i
ndi
cat
est
hatamanofGodwoul
dber
ewar
dedbyweal
th
whi
chonl
yenought
oav
iddi
sgr
aci
ngGod. Thi
sisal
soi
nli
newi
thpr
osper
it
y(Pr
ov
3:
16)whi
chwoul
dcomeasar
esul
tofwi
sdom.

 Theol
dtest
amenti
ndi
cat
est
hatweal
thi
sgoodf
ort
heguestofGodandt
hatt
oomuch
weal
thmayl
eadt
oman’
sev
asi
onofGod,
asmanmaymakeweal
thanendi
nsel
fand
ador
eit(
prov30:
8-9,
9:1-
18)

 Thepr
ophet
sint
heol
dtest
amentf
oret
oldt
hecomi
ngoft
hemessi
ahast
het
ime
whent
hehar
vest
swi
l
lber
ich(
Amos9:
13-
15,Hosea14:
17)andt
hatpeopl
ewi
l
lshar
e
wi
theachot
heri
nhar
mony(
Isai
ah25:
69)

 Ecc5:
1-9i
ndi
cat
est
hatr
ichesar
efr
om God. Hecanev
ent
akei
tawayi
fhesowi
shes
asi
ndi
cat
edi
nthet
extofJob. Peopl
ebecomeweal
thybecauseGodhasf
avour
ed
t
hem notnecessar
il
ythei
rownef
for
t.

 Theol
dtest
amenti
l
lust
rat
ethatweal
thi
sgotoutofhar
dwor
k(Pr
ov10:
4,20:
13)
wi
sdom and knowl
edge(
Prov24:
3-4)ser
iousness(
Prov12:
1)and moder
ati
on i
n
pl
easur
eseeki
ng(
Prov21:
12)

 Godpr
ovi
desweal
thandf
oodt
othosehel
oves(
Psal
ms23:
1-2,34:
10and78:
24-
29)
andcal
l
suponpeopl
etoobeyhi
m soast
ogetal
lwhatt
heywant
.

 The ol
dtest
amentshow t
hatweal
thi
s good because i
tbr
ings secur
it
ytot
he
i
ndi
vi
dual
s(Pr
ov18:
16,
10:
15)

 God’
speopl
ear
epr
omi
sedmat
eri
albl
essi
ngs,i
ftheyobser
vet
hecov
enantf
ait
h(Lev
26:
3-5,
andDeut6:
3)

 Weal
thcomesasar
esul
tofGod’
sbl
essi
ngnotnecessar
yhar
dwor
k. Godi
stheonl
y
sour
ceofweal
tht
omanki
nd(
Prov10:
22)
.

 Leader
sar
eobl
i
gedt
oenhancepr
oper
tyamongt
hei
rsubj
ect
s,aspor
tray
edbyki
ng
Dav
id,
Sol
omonandHezeki
ah,
howt
heybr
oughtaboutpr
osper
it
yamongt
heI
srael
i
tes
ort
oIsr
ael
iasanat
ion.

 Accor
dingt
otheOl
dTest
amentweal
thgi
vesmani
ndependencesot
hathedoesnot
begf
orsur
viv
alort
obet
akenasasl
avebyhi
scr
edi
tor
s.

Ont
heot
herhand,
thebi
blepr
esent
stheot
hersi
deoft
hecoi
naboutacqui
sit
ionand
useofweal
th;
`
 Weal
thi
snott
hemosti
mpor
tantt
hingi
nli
febutwi
sdom (
Prov3;
12-
15,
Job28:
12-
19,
1Ki
ngs3:
11)peace(
prov15;
16)r
ight
eousness(
Prov11:
28)andheal
th.

 Weal
thormoneycauseswor
ri
esandmakesoneuncomf
ort
abl
einl
i
fe(
Ecc5:
9-12)

 Thebi
blecl
ear
lyi
l
lust
rat
est
heweal
thi
ntempor
al(
Prov27:
24,Psal
ms49:
16-
17,Job
1:
21,
Ecc3:
15)andi
tbr
ingsmor
ebur
densi
nli
fe(
Ecc5:
11andPsal
ms52:
7)

 Weal
thhasgotl
i
mit
ati
onsi
nthati
tcannotbuyl
ove(
songsofsongs8:
7)andi
tcannot
buyl
i
fe(
Psal
ms49:
5,20)

 Weal
thhasl
i
mit
ati
onsi
nthati
tbr
ingsr
esponsi
bil
i
tiest
oman.Forexampl
ethe
pay
mentoft
it
he(
Number
s18:
21-
32,Deut12:
17-
19,14:
22-
27)andgi
vi
ngal
ms(
Job
31:
16-
22,
Psal
ms41:
1,Pr
ov14:
21)

 Weal
th gi
vesman powerov
erhi
sfel
l
ow man. Ri
chesl
ead t
o pr
ide,apost
asy
,
mi
sconductandoppr
essi
onoft
hepoor(
Prov22:
7,28:
11,
14:
20,
Micah6:
12,
Jer
.9:
23)
t
husweal
thmakest
hem t
ocommi
tsi
n.

 Thebi
bledoesnotcl
ear
lyexpl
ainwhyt
hewi
ckedpeopl
epr
osper
,yett
her
ight
eous
onessomet
imesdon’
t(Ecc7:
15,
Mal
achi
3:15and Jer21:
1)

NewTest
ament

 Jesusaccept
edpov
ert
ysoast
opr
ocl
aim God’
ski
ngdom andsav
eman. Thi
sis
i
l
lust
rat
edbyt
hef
oll
owi
ng;

- Jesuswasnotbor
ninar
ichf
ami
l
y;hewasr
atherasonofacar
pent
er.

- Hewasbor
ninadi
rt
ypl
ace,
adespi
sedt
ownofBet
hlehem. Hewasnei
therbor
nina
goodt
ownofJer
usal
em nori
nahospi
tal
buti
nakr
aal
.

- Athi
spr
esent
ati
ont
othet
empl
ebyt
hepar
ent
stheyof
fer
edof
fer
ings,of
fer
edbyt
he
poor
.

- Dur
inghi
smi
nist
ryandadul
tli
fe,
hewasahomel
esswonder
.

- Whenhedi
ed,
hewasbur
iedi
ntoanot
herman’
stomb(
Mat
hew27:
60)

 Jesusdi
dnotcondemnweal
th. Hehadf
ri
endsamongal
lcl
assesofpeopl
e. For
exampl
eJamesandJohncomef
rom ar
ichf
ami
l
y(Mar
k19:
20)Ni
codemuswasar
ich
man,
whi
l
eJoanawi
feofCuzausedt
oassi
stJesuswi
thmat
eri
alt
hings.
`
 I
nhi
smi
nist
ryJesuswasconcer
nedaboutpeopl
ewhomadeweal
thandev
adedGod
(
Luke6:
20)
. Hedi
dnotcondemnweal
thbutt
hewr
ongway
showi
twasbei
ngused.

 Theact
sofapost
les(
Act
s4:
34-
37)showshow t
heear
lyChr
ist
iansusedt
oshar
e
mat
eri
alt
hingsaccor
dingt
oeachone’
sneedsespeci
all
ydur
ingt
het
imeofpr
obl
ems
suchasf
ami
ne(
Act
s11:
29-
30)
. Thi
sgr
eat
lycont
ri
but
edt
otheexpansi
onoft
he
chur
chi
nthewhol
ewor
ld.

 Moneycanmakeamanar
rogant(
James2:
17,5:
1-6,1Ti
mot
hy6:
17)t
husbr
ini
ng
God’
spuni
shment
s,Chr
ist
iansar
ether
efor
ewar
nedaboutt
hemi
suseofweal
th.

 Jesusandhi
sdi
sci
plesf
ulf
il
ledt
hei
robl
i
gat
ionsbypay
ingt
axeswhi
chwer
edemanded
byt
heRomangov
ernment(
Mat17:
26-
27)
. Thi
sisachal
l
enget
omoder
nChr
ist
ians
whoenj
oydodgi
ngpay
ingt
axest
othest
ateandt
it
het
othechur
ch.

 TheNew Test
amentwar
nsChr
ist
iansagai
nstunf
airgai
ns.I
tsay
s,“keepy
our
sel
f
awayf
rom t
hel
oveofmoney
”(1Ti
m 3:
3-8,
Tit1:
7)

 Jesuspr
aisedt
hegener
osi
tyoft
hewi
dow(
Luke21:
1-4)andi
mpl
i
edt
hati
tisnotwhat
y
ougi
vewhi
chmat
ter
s,butt
hespi
ri
tinwhi
chy
ougi
vei
tmat
ter
sal
ot.

 Thenewt
est
amentt
eachest
hati
tisnotsi
ntoposesweal
th,
buti
tisagr
eatdanger
,as
t
hel
ovef
ormoneyi
sar
ootcauseofev
il
s(1Ti
m 6:
10)Jesussai
dthatt
hati
tisdi
ff
icul
t
f
ort
her
ichmant
oent
ert
heki
ngdom ofGodj
ustbecauseoft
hemi
suseofweal
th
(
Mar
k10:
17-
31,
Luke18:
18-
30)

 Jesusopposedt
hei
deaofusi
ngr
eli
giont
oexpl
oitot
her
s. I
nMat
hew 2:
12-
13he
cl
eansedt
het
empl
ewi
thv
iol
encebecausei
twast
urnedi
ntoamar
ketpl
acewher
e
peopl
ewer
ebei
ngexpl
oit
ed.

 Thepar
abl
eoft
her
ichf
ool(
Luke12:
13)Jesuspoi
ntedoutt
hatmat
eri
alpossessi
on
cannott
akeust
oheav
en. Ri
chnessi
sadi
mini
shi
ngassetmanshoul
dnotputhi
s
conf
idencei
nthi
ngst
hatar
eeasi
l
ylost
,butshoul
drat
herputt
rusti
nGodal
one.

 I
n Luke 16:
19-
31,Jesus t
old a par
abl
e ofLazar
us and t
he r
ich man,who kept
i
ndi
ff
erentatt
hepl
i
ghtoft
hepoorandpai
dcl
ear
lyf
ori
t. Thi
simpl
i
est
hatt
he
sal
vat
ionoft
heChr
ist
iansl
i
esi
ntheknowl
edget
hatweal
thi
stempor
alandshoul
dbe
usedf
ort
heser
viceofoneanot
herandGod.

 Jesusmai
ntai
nedt
hatnoamountt
hemoneyi
sexchangeabl
eforGod’
ski
ngdom
`
(
Mat
thew13:
44-
46)
. Headv
isedpeopl
etoseekf
ort
heki
ngdom ofGodf
ir
standal
l
t
her
estwoul
dfal
li
nli
ne.

 Thepar
abl
eoft
hepr
odi
galsoni
ndi
cat
est
hatweal
thi
stempor
aryandper
ishabl
eand
t
hatmanshoul
dnotputhi
str
usti
nweal
thbutt
oGod.

 Thenewt
est
amentpoi
ntsoutt
hatt
hedi
sci
plesofJesusgav
eupwor
ldl
yweal
thsoas
t
ober
ewar
dedwi
thspi
ri
tual
weal
th(
Mat
hew14:
33)

WAYSTHROUGHWHI
CHCHRI
STI
ANSCANACQUI
REWEALTH

 Chr
ist
ianscanacqui
reweal
tht
hroughhar
dwor
kwhi
chshoul
dbegenui
nel
ydone.

 Chr
ist
ians can accumul
atet
hei
rweal
tht
hor
ough ear
ning and sav
ing wages and
sal
ari
esat
tai
nedf
ort
hewor
kwel
ldone.

 I
tisal
soi
nor
derf
oraChr
ist
iant
oat
tai
nweal
tht
hroughi
nher
it
ingdeceasedpar
ent
s
andr
elat
ivesorev
enf
ri
ends.

 Somet
imest
hroughor
gani
zedgambl
i
ngsuchasl
ott
eri
es,al
thoughi
tisnott
hebest
wayofget
ti
ngmoneyandweal
thaspowerChr
ist
iani
ty.

 Thr
oughchar
ging i
nter
estormoneyi
nvest
ed pr
ovi
ded i
tisdonei
neconomi
cal
l
y
or
gani
zedmannerandi
naspi
ri
tofaChr
ist
ian.

 Thr
oughgi
ft
sgi
venbyf
ri
ends,pr
ovi
dedt
heyhav
enost
ri
ngat
tachedt
othem,whi
ch
ar
eunchr
ist
ian.

 Weal
th can al
so be accumul
ated byt
he Chr
ist
ian t
hrough at
tai
ning pr
ofi
tsf
rom
i
nvest
mentpr
oject
s,pr
ovi
dedi
tisnotusedasat
oolt
oexpl
oitt
hewor
ker
sandot
her
member
soft
hesoci
ety
.

 TheChr
ist
iant
hroughef
fect
ivel
yusi
ngone’
stal
ent
sandbei
ngcr
eat
iveandi
nnov
ati
ve
canal
soat
tai
nweal
th.

 Weal
thcanal
sobeat
tai
nedbyt
heChr
ist
iant
hroughbor
rowi
ngf
rom banksandot
her
f
inanci
ali
nst
it
uti
onsaswel
lasf
ri
ends,i
nvest
ingi
tint
ogai
nfulact
ivi
ti
est
hatwoul
d
l
eadt
oear
ningpr
ofi
ts.

THEPOORI
NTHEBI
BLE

 Bot
htheol
dtest
amentandnewt
est
amentcl
ear
lypoi
ntsoutt
hatcar
efort
hepoori
s
anobl
i
gat
ion(
Prov14:
21)
`
 Thebi
blet
eachest
hati
tisbet
tert
obehumbl
eandst
aypoort
hant
obeoneoft
he
ar
rogantr
ichandgetashar
eoft
hei
rloot(
Prov16:
19)henceweal
thywr
ongl
year
nedi
s
condemnedbyt
hebi
ble.

 Thebi
blecl
ear
lypoi
ntsoutt
hatpov
ert
ycanbeoft
wof
orms. Thati
stheGodl
ypoor
andt
hosewhoar
epoorbecauseofi
dleness,di
sor
der
lyl
i
feandl
azi
nessandassuch
l
azi
nessi
sst
rongl
ycondemned(
Prov
.6:
6-11,10:
4-5andhar
dwor
kencour
aged(
Prov
.
13:
4,18,
11:
24)

 Theexpl
oit
ati
onoft
hepoori
scondemnedandi
stakenasev
il(
Amos2:
6-7,4:
1,5:
11,
I
sai
ah1:
17-
235:
8and10:
1-2)

 Pov
ert
yisnotnecessar
il
yacur
sef
rom God. Thi
sisi
l
lust
rat
edbyt
hef
actt
hatJesus
wasbor
nfr
om apoorf
ami
l
yandl
i
vedapoorl
i
fet
hroughout
,yethewasnotundera
cur
se(
Mar
k6:
3,Luke2:
24andMat27:
60)

 Mi
str
eat
mentanddi
scr
imi
nat
ionoft
hepoori
sdi
scour
agedasi
tev
okesGod’
sanger
,
t
husl
eadi
ngt
opuni
shment(
Prov
erbs17:
5,29:
7,22:
16)

 Pov
ert
yiscompar
abl
etoacur
seasi
tleadst
obei
ngdi
scr
imi
nat
edi
nsoci
etybyev
en
nei
ghbour
sandy
ett
her
ichhav
emanyf
ri
ends(
Prov
erbs14:
20)

 Thebi
blecondemnsweal
thgott
hroughdi
shonest
y(Pr
over
bs10:
2,11:
1)andt
hat
weal
thcannotsav
emanatt
het
imeofdeat
h(Pr
over
bs11:
4). Besi
deswecannott
ake
any
thi
ngatt
het
imeofdeat
h(Ecc.5:
13-
20)

 I
tist
heconcer
noft
her
icht
orememberandhel
pthepoor
,ift
heyar
ebl
essedby
weal
th(
Psal
ms4:
1,83:
3)soast
obepr
ovi
dedwi
thpr
otect
ionf
rom t
heLor
d.

 Car
ingf
ort
hepoori
sthedut
yofbot
hGodandman. Hel
pingt
hepoori
sthewayof
hel
pingGod(
Prov22:
22-
23,
19:
17,
21:
13andJer22:
16)

 Godcar
esf
ort
hepoori
naspeci
alway
. Her
escuesanddel
i
ver
sthem f
rom any
t
roubl
e(Psal
ms109:
31andI
sai
ah2:
8-1)

 TheMosai
cLawi
sthesamef
orbot
hther
ichandt
hepoor
. Thepoort
her
efor
ear
e
nott
obedi
scr
imi
nat
edi
ncour
tsofl
aw,ot
her
wiseGod’
sangermaybepr
ovoked
(
Exodus22:
21-
24,
23:
6)

 I
nDeut
eronomy24:
10-
15,t
hepoorwer
etobecar
edf
or,t
hei
rpr
ivacyr
espect
edand
wer
etobepai
dint
ime.
`

WAYSI
NWHI
CHACHRI
STI
ANCANUSEHI
S/HERWEALTH

 TheChr
ist
iancanusehi
sweal
tht
omeeteducat
ionalexpensesofhi
sfami
l
ymember
s
suchaspay
ingschoolf
ees,buy
ingschol
ast
icmat
eri
alsf
orhi
schi
l
drenandmany
ot
her
s

 TheChr
ist
ianscanusehi
sweal
tht
opr
ovi
dehi
sfami
l
ywi
tht
hebasi
cneedsofl
i
fesuch
asf
ood,
goodshel
ter
,cl
othi
ng

 TheChr
ist
iancanusehi
sweal
thf
orpay
ingi
nsur
ancecost
sagai
nstdi
sast
ersasf
ir
e,
i
njur
ies,
thef
t,acci
dent
sandmanyot
her
s

 TheChr
ist
iancanusehi
sweal
thbycont
ri
but
ingt
othebui
l
dingoft
hechur
chi
nvar
ious
aspect
sassuppor
ti
ngt
hechur
chmi
nist
ri
esaspr
iest
sandr
ever
endswi
thmat
eri
al
t
hingst
hatwoul
denabl
ethem t
ospr
eadt
hegospel
.

 TheChr
ist
iancanusehi
sweal
tht
ofi
nancel
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esf
orhi
sfami
l
yandt
he
communi
tyatl
arget
hroughconst
ruct
ingandf
inanci
ngcommuni
tyl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esas
pl
ayi
ngf
oot
bal
l
,pr
ovi
dingbal
l
s.

 TheChr
ist
iancanusehi
sweal
thbyf
inanci
ngdependant
s,pr
ovi
dingf
ort
hepoorand
dest
it
utewi
thbasi
cneedsofl
i
fesuchasf
ood.

 Hecanusehi
sweal
thbypay
ingt
axest
ogov
ernmentandt
it
het
othechur
cht
oenabl
e
t
hesei
nst
it
uti
onst
oimpl
ementt
hei
rpr
ogr
ammesf
ort
hewel
far
eoft
heci
ti
zens.

 Hecanusehi
sweal
thbysav
ingi
tforf
urt
heri
nvest
ment
. Thi
scanbedonet
hrough
openi
ngbankaccount
sthr
oughbuy
ingasset
ssuchasl
and,
cat
tl
eandmanyot
her
s

 AChr
ist
iancanusehi
sweal
tht
hroughmaki
ngv
olunt
arycont
ri
but
ionswhenev
ercal
l
ed
upont
osuppor
t. Thosei
nneedandt
hechur
ch.Forexampl
ethr
oughf
undr
aisi
ngf
or
t
hechur
ch,f
orcommuni
tydev
elopmentasmai
ntenanceoft
her
oad,bui
l
dingaschool
andmanyot
her
s

 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dusehi
sweal
tht
ocr
eat
ejobsf
ort
hewel
far
eoft
hecommuni
ty. .
Forexampl
ehecancr
eat
ejobst
hroughopeni
ngupf
act
ori
es,
school
shot
elsandmany
ot
her
s

 A Chr
ist
ianshoul
dinv
itehi
snei
ghbour
stocel
ebr
atewi
thhi
m hi
sri
chhar
vestand
`
wor
shi
pGod(
Deut
.26:
11)
. Thi
sshoul
dst
rengt
henf
ami
l
yandcommuni
tyt
iesand
encour
ageaspi
ri
tofbr
other
hood.

 I
tisadut
yofaChr
ist
ianpar
entt
ousehi
sweal
thf
ort
hepr
operup-br
ingi
ngofchi
l
dren
and pr
ovi
ding t
hem wi
tht
he basi
c needs (
Ephesi
ans 6:
4)besi
des gi
vi
ng t
hem
educat
ion.

 Ther
ichshoul
dshar
ethei
rweal
thwi
thot
her
sespeci
all
ytheenemi
es(
Rom 12:
20)as
t
opr
omot
ereconci
l
iat
ionandt
oget
her
ness.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dnotnegl
ectt
hepoorandshoul
dav
oidbei
ngboast
fulbecauseof
weal
th(
Luke16:
19-
31)si
nceweal
thcannotwi
nGod’
sfav
our
.

REASONSWHYI
TMAYNOTBEEASYFORTHERI
CHTOENTERGOD’
SKI
NGDOM

 Somer
ichpeopl
egett
hei
rweal
tht
hroughexpl
oit
ingot
her
s,whi
chi
sunGodl
ythus
si
nni
ngagai
nstGod(
Amos5:
11)

 Somer
ichpeopl
edi
scr
imi
nat
ethepoor
,whi
chl
eadst
oev
oki
ngGod’
sangert
othem
(
Prov
erbs17:
5,29:
7,22:
16)
.

 Somer
ichpeopl
egett
hei
rweal
tht
hroughst
eal
i
ng,mur
derandmanyot
herunGodl
y
way
s(Exodus20:
13-
15)t
husbr
ingi
ngGod’
scur
sest
othemsel
ves.

 Somepeopl
egett
hei
rweal
tht
hroughcor
rupt
ionwhi
chcausesmi
sunder
standi
ngs
amongt
hemember
soft
hecommuni
tyespeci
all
yifoneusemoneymeantt
obenef
it
t
hecommuni
tyt
ohi
sper
sonalpr
oject
s.Forexampl
etheGl
obalFundi
nUgandaai
med
atpr
ovi
dingmedi
cinef
orAI
Dspat
ient
sandmal
ari
acont
rol
2006.

 Somepeopl
eduet
oweal
thev
adeGodbyst
oppi
ngwor
shi
pinghi
mtomakeweal
th.
Theyt
endt
obet
oobusyi
nthei
rweal
thev
enonSunday
,thuscont
radi
cti
ngGod’
s
commands(
Exodus20:
8-11)

 Somepeopl
ekeeponaccount
ingweal
thwi
thouthel
pingt
hepoor
,or
phansandwi
dows
t
husgoi
ngagai
nstGod’
spur
poseofmaki
ngt
hem r
ich(
Luke16:
19-
20)

 Somepeopl
eindul
gei
ncr
aft
ydeal
ssuchas‘
bicupul
i’asawayofget
ti
ngweal
tht
hus
t
heyacqui
reweal
thatt
heexpenseofot
her
swhi
chi
sagai
nstbr
other
hood.

 Someot
herpeopl
eaccumul
ateweal
tht
hroughexpl
oit
ingt
hepoorandt
aki
ngawayt
he
l
i
ttl
ethatt
heyhav
e(Pr
over
bs4:
3)t
huscausi
ngpuni
shmentf
ort
hemsel
vesf
rom t
he
`
Lor
d. .Forexampl
esomer
ichpeopl
egr
abt
hel
andf
rom t
hepoor
,empl
oyt
hem but
r
efuset
opayt
hem andmanyot
her
s

 Somedodgepay
ingt
it
hewhi
chi
sGodl
ydemand(
Deut
.26:
12)andy
etot
her
sgi
vepoor
pr
oceedst
oGodj
ustl
i
keCai
n.

 Somer
ichpeopl
euset
hei
rweal
thi
nsex
ualact
ssuchasbuy
ingpr
ost
it
utes,whi
chi
s
unGodl
y(Pr
over
bs7:
1-27)

 Somepeopl
eacqui
reweal
tht
hroughev
adi
ngt
axes,
whi
chi
sunGodl
yandcont
rav
enes
t
heChr
ist
iant
eachi
ng.

 Somepeopl
eacqui
reweal
tht
hroughabusi
ngt
hechur
chwhi
chmayl
eadt
oev
oki
ng
God’
sangerast
hechur
chi
stur
nedi
ntoanev
ilpl
acef
orcheat
ingpeopl
e(John2:
13-
16,
mat21:
12-
3)

 Theki
ngdom ofGoddoesnotgi
vespeci
alconsi
der
ati
ont
otheweal
th. Jesuswasnot
bor
ninweal
thf
ami
l
y(Mar
k6;
3)anddur
inghi
spr
esent
ati
ont
othet
empl
e,t
heof
fer
ing
gi
venbyt
hepoorwer
eof
fer
ed(
Luke2:
24(

 Jesusdur
inghi
smi
nist
ryl
i
vedasapoormananddi
edasapoorman(
Luke9:
38)but
wascommi
tt
edt
oser
veGod. Thi
scl
ear
lyi
l
lust
rat
est
hatt
hepoorar
ebet
terpl
acedi
n
t
heser
viceofGod,
ast
her
ichar
eli
kel
ytobepr
e-occupi
edbyweal
thandpl
easur
esof
t
heear
th.

 Manshoul
dbeabl
etor
enouncehi
sweal
thf
ort
hesakeoft
heki
ngdom,
whi
chi
nmost
casesi
shar
dfort
her
ichpeopl
e,t
husweal
thbecomesahi
ndr
ancet
oinher
it
ingGod’
s
ki
ngdom (
Luke18:
18-
30)

 Thepoormanwhoof
fer
stoGodt
hel
i
ttl
ehehasi
smor
eappr
eci
atedbyGodt
hant
he
r
ichonewhogi
vesf
rom massi
veweal
th(
Luke21:
1-4)

 I
nJesus’par
abl
esweal
thi
sal
way
sconsi
der
edunf
avour
abl
ewi
thspi
ri
tualt
reasur
e
(
Luke16:
19-
31.Thus,
weal
thhi
nder
smant
oseekGodf
ull
y.

CAPI
TALI
SM

Thi
sref
erst
oasi
tuat
ionwher
eal
lthemeansofpr
oduct
ionl
i
kei
ndust
ri
es,school
s,
banksar
eownedbypr
ivat
eindi
vi
dual
s.

MERI
TS
`
 Capi
tal
i
sm encour
agespeopl
eint
hecount
ryt
owor
kver
yhar
dsoast
ogett
hebasi
c
necessi
ti
esofl
i
fel
i
kef
ood,
clot
hingandmedi
cal
car
e.

 Capi
tal
i
sm i
sofadv
ant
agebecausei
tal
l
owspr
ivat
eowner
shi
pofpr
oper
tywhi
ch
ev
ent
ual
l
ymayl
eadt
opr
esenceofempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
est
othepeopl
eint
he
cour
ts.

 Capi
tal
i
sm i
sgoodbecausei
tleadst
ogoodqual
i
typr
oduct
ionofgoodsi
nthecount
ry
duet
opr
esenceofcompet
it
ion.

 Capi
tal
i
sm i
s adv
ant
ageous because i
treduces on t
he gov
ernmentexpenses as
maj
ori
tyoft
hemeansofpr
oduct
ioni
sunderpr
ivat
einv
est
ors. Thi
sgi
veswayf
ort
he
gov
ernmentt
oconcent
rat
eont
hef
ewi
nst
it
uti
onsi
tcanmanagewel
ll
ikesecur
it
y.

 I
tpl
aysav
ialr
olei
nwi
deni
ngt
hegov
ernmentr
evenuecol
l
ect
ionsnor
mal
l
ygotf
rom
t
hepr
ivat
einst
it
uti
onssuchasschool
s,hospi
tal
s,i
ndust
ri
esandbar
s.

 Capi
tal
i
sm i
sgoodbecausei
tal
l
owsmanyi
nvest
orst
ocomeandi
nvestt
hei
rcapi
tali
n
agi
vencount
ry.

 Capi
tal
i
sm pl
aysa v
erybi
g par
tofi
ncr
easi
ng peopl
e’
scr
eat
ivi
ty. Peopl
e hav
e
oppor
tuni
ti
esofset
ti
ng up per
sonalsmal
lscal
ebusi
nesses. Thusr
educi
ng on
unempl
oymentr
atei
nthecount
ry.

 Capi
tal
i
sm i
s adv
ant
ageous i
nthat t
he sy
stem hel
ps t
he gov
ernment t
o be
suppl
ement
edbyt
hepr
ivat
eowner
sinpr
ovi
sionofser
vicesl
i
keheal
thandeducat
ion
andr
oadi
mpr
ovedwher
eitwoul
dbesohar
d.

 I
tisagoodsy
stem becausei
tal
sopr
omot
est
het
our
ism sect
or. Asmor
efor
eigner
s
comeasi
nvest
ors,
event
het
our
ism i
ndust
ryi
sboost
edast
hesef
orei
gner
sal
sobr
ing
i
nfor
eignexchange.

 Al
socapi
tal
i
sm i
sofadv
ant
agebecausei
tal
l
owsmostoft
hepeopl
eint
hecount
ryt
o
r
espectt
hepr
inci
pleofsav
ingi
ncaset
heywor
khar
dandear
nagoodsal
ary
,wage,
pr
ofi
torcommi
ssi
on.

 I
nacapi
tal
i
stst
ate,wor
ker
stendt
ohav
epr
operaccount
abi
l
ityandpr
operuseof
r
esour
ces. Theempl
oyer
stendt
obev
eryst
ri
ctwi
tht
heempl
oyeessucht
hatt
hey
pr
oducequal
i
tat
iveandquant
it
ati
vepr
oduct
sandgi
vecl
earaccount
abi
l
ity
.

 Capi
tal
i
sm enabl
esconsumer
sto hav
eav
ari
etyofpr
oduct
s on whi
ch t
o make
`
sel
ect
ion. Thuseachcompanywor
kshar
dal
way
stohav
ethemaj
ori
tycust
omer
s.
Thi
scompet
it
ionappl
i
esmost
lyi
nschool
sandhospi
tal
ser
vicesof
fer
ed.

 I
nacapi
tal
i
sti
cbusi
ness,
wor
ker
sar
eencour
agedt
obehonesti
ftheyar
epai
dinaj
ust
wage.

 Capi
tal
i
sm hasencour
aged/
enabl
edmanypeopl
etoj
umpf
rom onecl
ass(
pov
ert
yli
ne)
t
oahi
ghercl
assofmi
ddl
eincomeear
ner
s.

 Capi
tal
i
sm enabl
esbusi
nessper
sonst
ogetsur
plusorabnor
malpr
ofi
tsf
rom t
hesel
l
ofexcesspr
oducebey
ondboar
der
s. Forexampl
eBI
DCOi
nJi
njaget
sal
otofpr
ofi
ts
f
rom sel
l
ingsoapandcooki
ngoi
lbey
ondUgandat
onei
ghbour
ingst
atesl
i
keSomal
i
a,
Sudan,
Rwanda.

 Capi
tal
i
sm hel
pstcont
rolmonopol
i
sti
ctendenci
es. Soi
tsr
arel
yhear
dthatt
her
eis
scar
cit
yofgoodsbecauseoft
hemanypr
oducer
sexi
sti
ng.

 I
nacapi
tal
i
sti
cst
ate,t
her
eisf
reedom oft
heent
repr
eneurt
odeci
deont
heki
ndof
goodsandser
vicest
oof
feront
hemar
ketbutpr
ovi
dedhe/
shef
ulf
il
lsgov
ernment
condi
ti
onsst
andar
dsandev
enpay
staxes.

 I
nacapi
tal
i
sti
cst
ate,i
tseasyt
o makedeci
sionsbyt
hebusi
nessowner
(s)
.The
bur
eaucr
acyasf
oundi
ngov
ernmentcont
rol
l
edent
erpr
isesmaynotbenecessar
il
y
appl
i
edher
e.

 I
ncapi
tal
i
sm si
tuat
ion,pr
oduct
ionandconsumpt
ionofgoodsi
sn’
tcont
rol
l
edbyt
he
gov
ernmentbutt
hedemandsofmar
ketconsumer
sandowner
s.

SHORTCOMI
NGSOFCAPI
TALI
SM

 Capi
tal
i
sm t
endst
opr
omot
eunnecessar
ycompet
it
ionsf
orr
esour
cesorcust
omer
s
r
esul
ti
ngi
ntohat
redofoneanot
her
. Forexampl
edur
ingt
hepr
epar
ati
onf
ort
he
weddi
ngofKabakaRonal
dMuwendaMut
ebiI
IofBugandai
n1997coca-
col
adonat
ed
700cr
eat
esofsodaanddemandedt
hatPepsicol
apr
oduct
sber
eject
edorel
set
hey
don’
tgi
vet
hei
rs.

 I
nabi
dtoaccumul
ateasmuchpr
ofi
tsaspossi
ble,t
her
ehasbeenhi
ghdupl
i
cat
ionof
pr
oduct
s. Manypr
oduct
swhi
char
edupl
i
cat
esar
efoundonmar
ketf
rom t
hesame
manuf
act
urer
sespeci
all
yfr
om Chi
na.

 Somet
imescapi
tal
i
sti
ceconomi
espr
oducepoorqual
i
tyout
putbecauseoft
hedesi
re
`
f
orpr
ofi
ts. Fori
nst
ancenUgandai
tshadt
obuyor
igi
nal
smar
tphonesorf
lati
ron.

 Capi
tal
i
sts’desi
resf
orgr
eat
erpr
ofi
tsmaket
hem under
payl
abour
ersi
n or
dert
o
mi
nimi
zecost
sbutont
hei
rsi
de,t
heyaccumul
atehugepr
ofi
ts. Fori
nst
anceMeht
a
compani
esmakeal
otofmoneyi
nsugarpr
oduct
ionbutpayav
erysmal
lwaget
oit
s
empl
oyees.

 Capi
tal
i
sm i
sdi
sadv
ant
ageousbecausei
twi
denst
hegapbet
weent
her
ichandt
he
poor
. Fori
nst
ancemanyhousesormausi
onf
oundi
nMuy
engahi
l
lsandAkr
ight
est
ates ar
efort
he r
ich peopl
e who hav
e par
tl
yaccumul
ated t
hei
rcapi
talf
rom
expl
oit
ingt
hei
rpoorwor
ker
s.

 Thecapi
tal
i
stst
atesl
i
keUSAhav
ecr
eat
edmor
egapsf
ort
hepoor
. Thi
shaspushed
manypeopl
etost
reet
sandev
encar
ryi
ngoutpi
ck-
pocket
ing.

 Ver
yof
tenl
ycapi
tal
i
sm er
odest
hemor
alf
abr
icofsoci
etysi
ncei
tsmot
ivat
edbypr
ofi
ts.
Fori
nst
ancei
nFr
ancet
her
ear
emanypeopl
ewhohav
einv
est
edi
nBr
othel
sandt
hey
camet
oAf
ri
caandr
ecr
uit
edwoment
oser
veaspr
ost
it
utest
her
e.

 Cases of f
orced r
eshuf
fl
es or r
etr
enchmentof wor
ker
s ar
e common. The
ent
repr
eneureasi
l
ycut
sof
fsomewor
ker
swher
ehe/
sheseest
hatl
abourf
orcei
sn’
t
bal
ancedwi
thneededout
put
.

 Capi
tal
i
sti
ceconomi
esmakewor
ker
sabeastofbur
den,whoi
scompel
l
edt
owor
k
beenonday
sofwor
shi
pli
keSabbat
h.Fori
nst
anceatUgandabr
ewer
iesLt
dpr
oduct
ion
i
sn’
tpaused/
stopped/
suspendedbecausepeopl
ewantt
ogochur
chonSunday
.

 Capi
tal
i
sm somet
imesdoesn’
tpr
omot
eregi
onalbal
anceespeci
all
yrur
alar
easar
en’
t
wel
lcat
eredf
or.

SOCI
ALI
SM

I
tref
erst
oasi
tuat
ionwher
eal
lthemeansofpr
oduct
ion.Thati
stosay
,indust
ri
es,
banks,
school
sandf
act
orsar
eownedbyt
hest
ate.

MERI
TSOFSOCI
ALI
SM

 Soci
ali
sm br
ingsaboutequalr
egi
onalbal
ancei
nthecount
ry. Thegov
ernmentt
ends
t
opl
anwel
lforbot
hrur
alar
easandal
sour
bancent
res.

 Soci
ali
sm i
srel
evantbecausei
treducesondi
vi
sionsamongt
hepeopl
eint
heci
ty.
Thati
stosay
,thepoorandt
her
ich.
`
 Soci
ali
sm i
sadv
ant
ageousi
nthati
treducedonf
orei
gndependencei
nthecount
ry
si
ncei
nmostcasessoci
ali
sti
csoci
eti
esar
eagai
nstf
orei
gnai
d.

 Thesy
stem ofsoci
ali
sm i
sgoodbecausei
treducesi
nfl
ati
ont
endenci
est
otakepl
ace
i
nthecount
rysi
ncei
nmostcasest
hegov
ernmentset
spr
icef
ort
hegoods.

 Soci
ali
sti
csoci
eti
esar
eadv
ant
ageousbecausei
treducesont
hehi
ghr
ateofi
l
li
ter
acy
t
otakepl
acei
nthecount
rysi
nceeducat
ioni
suni
ver
sal
.

 Soci
ali
stsoci
eti
esar
erel
evantt
otheext
entt
hatt
heyr
educeont
hehi
ghr
ateofdeat
h
duet
oexi
stenceoff
reemedi
cal
ser
vices.Thati
stosay
,fr
eei
mmuni
zat
ion.

 I
tisanadv
ant
agebecausei
tpl
aysav
erybi
grol
etor
educeont
hehi
ghr
ateof
subst
andar
d goods i
n mostcases t
he gov
ernmentnor
mal
l
yint
erv
enes i
nthe
pr
oduct
ionoft
hegoods.

 Soci
ali
sm hasanadv
ant
ageofcont
rol
l
ingt
hehi
ghr
ateunempl
oymenti
nthecount
ry.
I
t’
sthegov
ernmenti
nmostcaseswhi
chempl
oyst
hepeopl
einv
ari
ousgov
ernment
sect
orsl
i
ket
eacher
sanddoct
ors.

 Al
so soci
ali
sm r
educeson unnecessar
ycompet
it
ion i
nthecount
rysi
ncei
t’
sthe
gov
ernmentr
esponsi
blet
osetupsomef
ir
mswher
enecessar
y.

DEMERI
TSOFSOCI
ALI
SM

 Soci
ali
sm r
educesongov
ernmentr
evenuecol
l
ect
ionbasesi
ncei
tdi
scour
agespr
ivat
e
owner
shi
pofpr
oper
ty.

 Soci
ali
sm i
sofdi
sadv
ant
agebecausei
tencour
agest
otakepl
acei
nthecount
ryamong
t
hepeopl
esi
ncei
t’
sthegov
ernmentt
oext
endal
lser
vicest
othepeopl
e.

 Soci
ali
sm i
sir
rel
evantbecausei
tdeni
espeopl
ethef
undament
alhumanr
ight
s.Thati
s
t
osay
,ri
ghtt
opr
oper
ty.

 Al
sosoci
ali
sm sy
stem i
sademer
itbecausei
nmostcasesi
tact
sasar
oadbl
ockf
or
t
heeconomi
cdev
elopmentt
otakepl
acei
nthecount
ryduet
oabsenceofcompet
it
ion.

 Thesy
stem ofsoci
ali
sm i
sir
rel
evantbecausei
treducesonpeopl
e’
scr
eat
ivi
tyasi
t’
s
t
hegov
ernmentonl
yto pl
anf
ori
tspeopl
ewhi
chev
ent
ual
l
yincr
easet
her
ateof
unempl
oymenti
nthecount
ry.

 Soci
ali
sm i
nmostcasesr
educesi
nther
ateoft
our
ism dev
elopmenti
nthecount
ry
si
ncegov
ernmentdoesn’
trespectf
orei
gni
nvest
ors.
`
 Soci
ali
sm i
sir
rel
evantt
otheext
entt
hati
ttakesl
ogper
iodsoft
imef
ort
heser
vicet
o
beputi
nconsi
der
ati
onsi
ncei
tischar
act
eri
zedbyhi
ghl
evel
sofconsul
tat
ions.Thati
s
t
osay
,regul
ardebat
es.

 Ther
ear
eal
otofcor
rupt
ionpr
act
icesamongsoci
ali
sti
cst
ates. Of
fi
cial
stendt
o
mi
susegov
ernmentf
undsf
orper
sonal
gai
nsbecauset
her
eisl
i
ttl
esuper
visi
ondone.

 I
nsoci
ali
sti
cst
ates,t
ri
bal
i
sm i
shi
ghl
ypr
act
icedbyt
hegov
ernmentof
fi
cial
s. Bet
ter
ser
vicesl
i
kegood r
oads,hospi
tal
sand school
sar
eli
kel
yto bemor
edev
eloped
dependi
ngont
hepr
esi
denti
npower
.

COMMUNI
SM ANDMARXI
SM
Car
lMar
xwasaphi
l
osopher
,jour
nal
i
st,soci
alcr
it
iqueandwr
it
erofJewi
shor
igi
nwho
l
i
vedi
nGer
manf
oral
ongt
imewhenheanal
yzedabi
gimbal
ancei
nthedi
str
ibut
ion
anduseoft
heeconomi
cresour
ces.
Duet
ohi
sgr
eatv
ocalat
tackont
heunf
airpol
i
ticalel
i
tesov
ert
heweakci
ti
zens,
hewas
depor
tedt
oFr
ance.
Car
lMar
xnot
edt
hef
oll
owi
nghappeni
ngi
nsoci
etybet
weenmast
ersandser
vant
s;
 Henot
edt
hatpeasant
sorwor
ker
stoi
l
edal
ldayl
ongbutwer
epai
dpeanut
sbyt
hei
r
mast
ers.
 The mast
ers putwor
ker
sto sev
erall
ong hour
s wi
thoutbei
ng gi
ven adequat
e
i
ncent
ivesorov
ert
imebonuses.
 Theempl
oyeeswer
ecompel
l
edt
owor
kunderappal
l
ingwor
kingcondi
ti
onsl
i
kedi
rt
y
env
ironmentandnogl
oves.
 Ther
ewasnoj
obsecur
it
yandwor
ker
swer
ekeptonj
obasl
ongast
heymadeno
demandsf
rom t
hei
rmast
ers.
 Car
lMar
xal
soobser
vedt
hatt
her
ewaswi
despr
eaduseofchi
l
dlabourandnot
hing
wasdonebyt
hegov
ernmentt
ost
opi
t.
 Heal
so not
ed t
hatt
her
eli
giousl
eader
sand t
hechur
ch al
so par
ti
cipat
ed i
nthe
expl
oit
ati
onofwor
ker
sli
kepay
ingt
hem peanutwages.
 Hest
atedt
hatt
hewor
ker
shecal
l
ed“
prol
etar
iat
”ownednot
hingy
ett
heydi
dal
lthe
donkeywor
kwi
thmi
nimal
pay
ment
s.
 Fort
heempl
oyer
sher
efer
redt
oas“
bour
geoi
sie”ownedal
lthemeansofpr
oduct
ion
butswal
l
owed/enj
oyedal
lthepr
ofi
ts.
 Headv
ocat
edf
ort
hedi
spensat
ionofpubl
i
cresour
cesi
nanal
ter
nat
iveeconomi
c
`
sy
stem l
i
kesoci
ali
sm t
hatl
ater
/changedt
ocommuni
sm.

WHYCARLMARXATTACKEDRELI
GION
I
ndeedCar
lMar
xwasast
rongChr
ist
ianbuthegotdi
sappoi
ntedandf
rust
rat
edbyt
he
behav
iour
soft
hecl
ergy
meni
nregar
dtoexpl
oit
ati
onoft
hewor
ker
s. Sohebecame
publ
i
clyat
hei
sti
candt
hiswasbecause;
 Henot
icedt
hatpr
oper
tyowner
sandsoci
ety
’sexpl
oit
erswer
ecl
ergy
menandf
ri
endsof
cl
ergy
men.
 Thechur
chcondemnedandex-
communi
cat
edal
lthosei
ndi
vi
dual
swhoat
tempt
edt
o
or
gani
zet
hewor
ker
stor
ebel
.
 Mar
xrenouncedal
lhi
sbel
i
efi
nGodbecauset
hechur
chcondemnedandbannedt
he
pr
oduct
ionci
rcul
ati
onanduseofwr
it
ingsofCar
lMar
xcal
l
ingt
hem her
eti
c(f
alse)
.
 Car
lMar
xal
sodependedont
hef
actt
hatt
hechur
chl
eader
susedt
o“br
ainwash”t
he
mi
ndsoft
hei
rfol
l
ower
smaki
ngt
hem t
obecal
m. Theyassur
edt
hem t
hatt
hei
r
suf
fer
ingwi
l
lenabl
ethem ber
ewar
dedi
nheav
en.
 Mar
xrenouncedr
eli
gionbecauset
hecl
ergyal
way
ssi
dedwi
thempl
oyer
satat
imeof
conf
li
ctbet
weenempl
oyer
satat
imeofconf
li
ctbet
weenempl
oyer
sandempl
oyees.
 Thechur
chcondonedcapi
tal
i
sm byr
efusi
ngt
odenouncet
hepoorev
il
s. Ther
ich
cont
inuedexpl
oit
ingt
hepoorwi
thnochur
chcondemnat
ion.
 Car
lMar
xdeci
dedt
orenouncer
eli
gionbecausehenot
edt
hatal
thought
hechur
chhad
pl
ent
yofr
esour
cesl
i
kel
andorf
ood;i
tdi
dnot
hingt
oal
l
evi
atet
hepov
ert
yandsoci
al
cr
isi
soft
hepoor
.
 I
trenouncedr
eli
gionandbel
i
efi
nGodbecausehewant
edt
hepr
olet
ari
att
ori
seupi
na
r
evol
uti
onandconquert
hei
rmast
ers.
WHYMARXI
SM I
SSAI
DTOBEANTI
-RELI
GION
Thephi
l
osophyofMar
xism wassai
dtobeant
i-
rel
i
giousbecauseoft
hef
oll
owi
ng
r
easons;
 Car
lMar
xadv
ocat
edf
ort
heconf
iscat
ionofpr
oper
tyofcapi
tal
i
stsi
ncl
udi
ngt
hatoft
he
cl
ergysot
hatsuchr
esour
cesar
emanagedbyt
hewor
ker
sthemsel
ves.
 Mar
xism wascal
l
edant
i-
rel
i
giousphi
l
osophybecauseMar
xtaughtt
hatt
hei
deaofGod
andr
eli
gionwer
eacr
eat
ionoft
hecapi
tal
i
stst
odomi
nat
eov
ert
hepr
olet
ari
at.Hesai
d
`
t
her
eshoul
dbenobel
i
efi
nGodnoranyf
orm ofr
eli
giousexpr
essi
on.
 Mar
xism i
ssai
dtobeant
i-
rel
i
gionbecauseMar
xor
derf
orpr
iest
sandot
hercl
ergymen
t
obeper
secut
edt
oget
herwi
thot
hercapi
tal
i
stsbecauset
heywer
eper
cei
vedt
obe
expl
oit
ersoft
hemasse/poor
.
 Thephi
l
osophyofMar
xism wascal
l
edant
irel
i
giousbecausei
tcauseddest
ruct
ionof
r
eli
gious sacr
ed bui
l
dings l
i
ke cat
hedr
als and monast
eri
es whi
ch wer
ethen
conf
iscat
edandconv
ert
edi
ntomuseums,soci
alhal
l
sassembl
yhal
l
s,di
scot
heques
andpubl
i
cschool
swhi
cht
hechur
chsawaspr
ofanementoft
hehouseofGod.
 Thev
iewofCar
lMar
xissai
dtobeant
i-
rel
i
gionbecausei
temphasi
zedt
hatsal
vat
ion
f
ormancoul
dnotcomef
rom anysav
iorabov
easChr
ist
iansbel
i
evedbuthest
ressed
woul
dcomef
rom peopl
e’
spr
otr
act
edst
ruggl
e.
 Mar
xism phi
l
osophyi
ssai
dtobeant
i-
rel
i
gionbecausei
tadv
ocat
edandr
esul
tedi
nto
banni
ngofsacr
edwr
it
ingsl
i
ket
hebi
ble,pr
ayerbooks,hy
mnbooks,bi
ogr
apher
sof
sai
ntsandal
i
ke. Theycoul
dnol
ongerbepubl
i
shedandci
rcul
atedbecauset
heywer
e
t
ool
sofcapi
tal
i
sts.
 Thephi
l
osophyofMar
xism wassai
dtobeant
i-
rel
i
gionbecausei
tpr
event
edpubl
i
c
di
spl
ayofr
eli
gioussy
mbol
ssuchaspai
nti
ngsofsai
nts,Jesus,hai
lMar
y,useoft
he
cr
ossorr
osar
y.
 Asbanwasi
mposedonpast
oralv
isi
tsbyheadsofr
eli
giousest
abl
i
shment
sli
ket
he
pope,ar
chbi
shopofCant
erbur
y,met
ropol
i
tanar
chbi
shopandmanyot
her
s. These
wer
ecal
l
edagent
sofcapi
tal
i
stoppr
essor
s. Suchabehav
iori
ndi
cat
edt
hephi
l
osophy
bei
ngant
i-
rel
i
gion.
 Mar
xism i
ssai
dto beant
i-
rel
i
gion because i
topposed t
he useofscr
ipt
urest
o
suppor
t/j
ust
if
ytheexpl
oit
ati
onoft
hepoor
. TheMar
xist
sassur
edpeopl
ethatgood
l
i
feendsher
eonear
thmeani
ngt
her
eisnol
i
feaf
terdeat
hasr
eli
gionst
ressed.
 Car
lMar
xpr
edi
ctedt
hatat
imewoul
dcomewheni
fthewor
ker
swer
einchar
geof
r
esour
cesal
lthei
rmat
eri
alpr
obl
emswoul
dbeov
ercome.Hencemeansr
eli
gionwoul
d
bei
rr
elev
ant
.
 Mar
xadv
ocat
edf
ordef
eatofcapi
tal
i
sm t
owhi
chr
eli
gionwasanal
l
ythenpeopl
e
woul
dbesav
ednotf
oll
owi
ngr
eli
gion.
 Mar
xsai
drel
i
gion wast
heopi
um oft
hemassesbecausei
tpr
ovi
dessuper
fi
cial
consol
ati
ont
othosef
aci
ngmi
ser
yanddepr
ivat
ion. Heopposedr
eli
gionbecausei
t
i
ntendedt
omakepeopl
edeci
deofcont
ent
edwi
thpov
ert
y. Sohesuggest
edt
obe
`
r
esi
stedhencemaki
ngt
hephi
l
osophyant
i-r
eli
gious.
TAXATI
ON

Thi
sref
erst
othesi
tuat
ionofcompel
l
ingi
ndi
vi
dual
s/gr
oupsofpeopl
e,busi
nessest
o
payacompul
sor
ysum ofmoneyt
othegov
ernmentf
orpubl
i
cpur
poses.

TOWHATEXTENTSHOULDACHRI
STI
ANPAYTAXES

Toal
argerext
ent
,aChr
ist
ianshoul
dpayt
axesbecauseoft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
easons;

 JesusChr
isthi
msel
fusedt
opayt
axesaccor
dingt
oMat
hew17:
24sai
dthathi
smast
er
usedt
opayr
eli
gioust
empl
etax. Thi
simpl
i
est
hataChr
ist
ianshoul
dal
sopayt
axes.

 Chr
ist
iansar
eencour
agedt
opayt
axesbecauset
hroughouthi
smi
nist
ri
esJesusdi
d
notcondemnt
hepr
act
icebutencour
agedi
t. I
nMat
hew22:
15f
fhesai
dgi
veCeasar
whatbel
ongst
oCeasarandGodwhatbel
ongst
oGod.

 Chr
ist
ianshav
eadut
ytopayt
axesbecauseev
enJesusal
sor
ecogni
zedi
tsi
mpor
tance
andt
hisi
swhyhecal
l
edLev
i(Mat
hew)t
obeamonghi
sfol
l
ower
s(Mat
hew10:
3)

 Chr
ist
iansoughtt
opayt
axesbecauseev
enJesust
ooki
teasyandchoset
oeatand
di
neatt
hehomeoft
hechi
eft
axcol
l
ect
orZacchaeusasi
ndi
cat
edi
nLuke19.

 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dpayt
axesbecausei
ftheydonott
heywi
l
lhav
eof
fendedci
vi
lleader
s
andbr
ingt
hei
rwr
athupont
hem asnot
edi
nMat
hew17:
27.

 Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
opayt
axesbecausei
tspar
toft
hei
rdut
iesexpect
edf
rom
t
hem asci
ti
zens. Accor
dingt
oRomans13;
6,Chr
ist
iansshoul
ddowhatt
her
estof
t
hepeopl
edoi
nthesoci
ety
.

 Chr
ist
ianshav
eadut
ytopayt
axesasasi
gnofobedi
encet
oci
vi
ll
eader
s. I
nRomans
13:
1-2,Paulwar
nedt
hatwhoev
erdoesnotr
espectci
vi
lleader
ssi
mil
arl
ydi
sobey
ed
Godwhoappoi
ntedt
hem.

 Chr
ist
ianshav
eadut
ytopayt
axesbecauseev
ent
hei
rancest
orst
heI
srael
i
tespai
d
t
axes. Theyusedt
odosobyl
ooki
ngaf
tert
hei
rki
ngs’cour
tyar
dsf
oramont
hin
Tondem.

 Chr
ist
ianst
odayshoul
dpayt
axesi
nor
dert
oenabl
ethem getmoneyt
oper
for
m God’
s
t
asksasPaul
taughti
nRomans13:
6.

 I
tisaChr
ist
ian’
sobl
i
gat
iont
opayt
axesbecausebydoi
ngsoi
tencour
agest
hem t
o
`
wokev
enhar
dert
husobt
aini
ngGod’
sbl
essi
ngs.

Howev
er,t
o a smal
lerext
entChr
ist
ians maynotpayt
axes basi
ng on cer
tai
n
ci
rcumst
anceswhi
chi
ncl
udet
he f
oll
owi
ng;

 A Chr
ist
ian decl
i
ne orr
efuse t
o pay t
axes i
fsuch a t
ax l
evi
ed i
sint
ended t
o
i
nconv
eni
enceandbur
dent
het
axpay
er. Fori
nst
anceki
ngsofI
sraell
i
keDav
id,
Sol
omonandRehoboam mi
str
eat
edpeopl
ethr
oughov
ert
axat
ion(
1Ki
ngs12:
4)

 I
ncaset
het
axespai
dbyt
heci
ti
zensar
ejustswi
ndl
edbysomeof
fi
cial
saChr
ist
ian
maynotpayt
het
axes. Ev
eni
nthebi
blet
axcol
l
ect
orswer
eregar
dedout
cast
s
becauset
heyusedt
ocheatpeopl
easnot
edi
nLev
i5:
27.

 AChr
ist
ianf
indsdi
ff
icul
ti
est
opayt
axi
fiti
snotf
air.Thati
stosay
,noti
nrel
ati
onwi
th
hi
s/herear
nings. Fori
nst
ancecabi
netmi
nist
ersi
nUgandaear
nal
otofmoneybut
al
mostpaysamet
axasanur
seoradoct
ori
nthegov
ernmenthospi
tal
.

 Peopl
emayr
efuset
opayt
axasasi
gnofci
vi
ldi
sobedi
enceagai
nstbadl
eader
shi
p.
Fori
nst
ancei
nthef
ightagai
nstapar
thei
dpol
i
cyi
nsout
hAf
ri
camanybl
ackchur
ch
l
eader
scal
l
edf
ornonpay
mentoft
axt
otheBr
it
ishgov
ernment
.

 AChr
ist
ianmaynotpayat
axwhenhei
sli
vi
ngi
nacount
rywhi
chi
spol
i
tical
l
yunst
abl
e.
Fori
nst
ancei
nsout
her
nSudanandSomal
i
awher
ewar
shav
ebeengoi
ngonof
r
ecent
ly,peopl
ecannotpayt
axesbecauset
heycannotr
aisemoneyt
hroughl
i
vingi
n
camps.

 AChr
ist
ianmayr
efusepay
ingt
axesbecausehe/
shei
stoopoort
opayt
het
axl
evi
ed
onhi
m/herduet
oeconomi
cweaknessl
i
keunempl
oyment
.

 Whent
hesy
stem oft
axadmi
nist
rat
ioni
snotconsi
der
ate,aChr
ist
ianmaynotpay
t
axes. Fori
nst
ancei
nar
easofupcount
rysomet
axcol
l
ect
orsgr
abpeopl
e’
spr
oper
ty
l
i
kel
andsandsel
lthem whi
chi
sinconsi
der
ateandmaymakeot
her
sref
uset
opay
t
axes.

FOREI
GNAI
D

For
eignai
dcanbedef
inedasassi
stanceacqui
redf
rom abr
oadorf
rom orf
rom an
ext
ernal
sour
ce.

For
eignai
dhasdi
ff
erentf
ormsasnot
edbel
ow;
`
 Fi
nanci
alassi
stance.Thati
stosay
,hadf
orei
gngi
vent
ohel
psol
veagi
venpr
obl
em .
Forexampl
ebui
l
dingahospi
tal
.

 Capi
tal
machi
ner
yinf
orm ofcomput
ers,
tract
ors,
sewi
ngmachi
nes,
wat
erpumps.

 Techni
calsuppor
t. Thi
sinv
olv
es t
echni
calexper
ts such as doct
ors,engi
neer
s,
comput
erexper
tswhoar
esentt
ohel
pincapaci
tybui
l
ding.

 Technol
ogi
cal
transf
er.Thati
stosay
,acompanyl
i
kecocacol
a,Pepsicol
a,spr
it
emay
st
artupbr
anchesi
nanot
hercompanyasf
orei
gni
nvest
ors.

 For
eignai
dmaybei
nfor
m ofhousehol
dit
ems.Forexampl
ecl
othes,bl
anket
s,t
ent
s,
shoes,f
oodandmanyot
her
s Thesear
eusual
l
yof
fer
edbyor
gani
zat
ionsl
i
keRed
Cr
ossandUni
tedNat
ionshi
ghcommi
ssi
onf
orr
efugees(
UNHCFR)
.

 Mi
l
itar
yassi
stancecanbeext
endedt
oanot
hercount
rywher
ether
eisawar.For
exampl
eUgandahasf
ort
hepast5y
ear
sof
fer
ingmi
l
itar
yhel
pinSomal
i
a.

 Mat
eri
alai
dswhi
char
ephy
sicalbutnoncapi
talasset
sar
eof
fer
edt
oanot
hercount
ry
i
nfor
m ofai
d.Forexampl
eLi
byaunderl
ateMaummarGadaf
ibui
l
tol
dKampal
abui
l
t
ol
dKampal
amosque.

WHYCOUNTRI
ESGI
VEAI
D

 Tohel
pthesuf
fer
ingl
i
ket
hosei
nwarzones.

 Tomar
kett
hei
rpr
oduct
s. Fori
nst
ancet
heBr
it
ishorAmer
icansgi
veai
dtoUgandans
i
nfor
m ofcondoms.

 Foreconomi
cst
abi
l
ity
. Fori
nst
anceUS gi
vesai
dinf
orm ofmoneyt
o Af
ri
can
count
ri
eswhi
char
eeconomi
cal
l
yunst
abl
e.

 I
tisai
medtmaki
ngpr
ofi
tswhi
chl
aterar
erepat
ri
atedhomef
orexampl
eCocacol
a,
Shopr
it
e.

 Forcr
eat
ingj
obsespeci
all
yfort
hei
rci
ti
zensi
nanot
hercount
ry.Forexampl
ethe
Chi
neseorI
ndi
anscr
eat
ejobsf
ort
hei
rci
ti
zenswhent
heygett
ender
sli
ker
oad
const
ruct
ionsi
not
hercount
ri
es.

 Ai
disgi
vent
opr
omot
erel
i
gions.Forexampl
ethel
ateMuammarGadhaf
iaf
ormer
pr
esi
dentofLi
byaof
fer
edf
inanci
alassi
stancet
oMusl
i
msi
nUgandat
orenov
ate/
bui
l
dthemosquef
orMosl
emsatol
dKampal
a.
`
 Someai
disgi
veni
nor
dert
oimposecul
tur
alv
aluesabr
oad.Forexampl
eAmer
icans
gi
vedonat
ionst
oAf
ri
cancount
ri
esl
i
keUgandat
opr
omot
ehomosexual
i
tyi
nAf
ri
ca.

 Somecount
ri
esgi
veai
dinor
dert
omai
ntai
ncont
rolov
erweakerones.Forexampl
e
Br
it
ainorAmer
icandonat
ingt
oUgandaorKeny
a.

 Ai
disgi
vent
ohel
pcer
tai
ncount
ri
esat
tai
nsel
frel
i
ancesot
hati
nfut
uret
heyst
op
beggi
ng.Fori
nst
anceJapangi
vesai
dtoAf
ri
cansf
ordev
elopmentpur
poses.

 Ai
disatt
imesai
medathel
pingt
oensur
edemocr
ati
cst
andar
dsar
eachi
eved. Thi
sis
whydur
ingpr
epar
ati
onofel
ect
ionsi
nAf
ri
ca,
USandBr
it
aini
nject
sinmoneyt
omoni
tor
el
ect
ions.

 Somet
imesai
disgi
vent
oimpr
ovet
hequal
i
tyofl
i
feoft
hepeopl
eint
hear
ea.For
exampl
ewhensl
i
desandf
loodsat
tackedBududaandKasese,t
hegov
ernmentand
ot
herper
sonal
i
tiessenti
nai
dinf
orm off
ood,cl
othi
ngandof
fer
edf
reel
andand
set
tl
ementofdi
spl
acedpeopl
e.

DANGERSOFFOREI
GNAI
D

Rel
i
anceonf
orei
gnai
despeci
all
yonf
inanci
alassi
stancehast
hef
oll
owi
ngdanger
s;

 Thest
ri
ngsat
tachedt
otheai
dmaybr
ingundesi
rabl
econdi
ti
onsl
i
kebet
ween1986–
93Ugandawast
oldi
nor
dert
ogetai
d,i
thadt
ofi
rstl
i
ber
atei
tseconomy
.

 Donor
ssomet
imesdi
ctat
ehow andwhent
heai
dshoul
dbeused.Thati
stosay
,
bui
l
dingaschool
orhospi
tal
.

 Donor
ssomet
imesdi
ctat
etot
her
eci
pientcount
ryt
hatshehast
obuyr
aw mat
eri
als
l
i
kespar
epar
tsf
rom t
hem.

 For
eignai
dleadst
othepr
obl
em ofdebtser
vici
ngwhi
chi
sof
tent
oobur
densomet
o
t
her
eci
pientcount
ryandt
akesy
ear
stobecl
ear
ed.

 Somet
imesai
disi
nfor
m oft
echni
calsuppor
tandt
heexper
tsbr
oughti
ntot
hecount
ry
l
i
ket
heengi
neer
s,comput
ert
echni
ciansar
efi
nanci
all
ydi
ff
icul
ttomai
ntai
n.

 For
eign ai
d makes r
eci
pientcount
ri
es dependanton ext
ernalassi
stance whi
ch
under
minessel
f-r
eli
ance. Fori
nst
anceI
sraelt
hel
argestr
eci
pientofUSai
dcannot
sur
viv
ewi
thouti
t.

 Assi
stancei
nfor
m ofmi
l
itar
ysomet
imesencour
agespol
i
ticali
nst
abi
l
ity.Forexampl
e
`
i
nSomal
i
ather
eisconst
antwarbecausebot
hthegov
ernmentar
erebel
sgetf
orei
gn
ai
d.

 Ai
disabur
dent
othef
utur
egener
ati
onasmucht
axi
sdemandedf
rom t
hepeopl
eto
cl
eart
hel
oans.Forexampl
epay
ingf
ort
heconst
ruct
ionofNambool
est
adi
um andf
or
t
heEnt
ebbeexpr
esshi
ghway
.

 I
nappr
opr
iat
etechnol
ogyormachi
ner
ymaybei
mpor
tedt
othecount
ryasawayof
di
sposi
ngof
fol
dmachi
ner
yfr
om anot
hercount
ry.Forexampl
ecomput
ers,car
sand
manyot
her
s

 Somet
imesai
dhasr
esul
tedi
ntoneo-
col
oni
ali
sm. Fori
nst
anceUgandasf
orcedt
o
suppor
tthedonorcount
ryev
eni
nmat
ter
swhi
chdonotbenef
itus.

ASSESSTHEI
MPACTSOFFOREI
GNAI
DONTHEUGANDANSOCI
ETY

Toal
argerext
ent
,for
eignai
dhasi
mpact
edposi
ti
vel
yot
heUgandansoci
etyi
nthe
f
oll
owi
ngway
s;

 For
eignai
dhashel
pedi
nthepr
omot
ionofheal
thi
nthecount
ry.Forexampl
ethe2003
measl
esi
mmuni
zat
ioncampai
gni
nUganda.

 For
eignai
dhaspr
omot
edi
nfr
ast
ruct
ural
dev
elopment
.Forexampl
ethemedi
calschool
ofMul
ago wasr
ehabi
l
itat
ed t
hrought
hef
inancesofRockef
ell
er,Mo mast
erand
Rodneyf
oundat
ionsf
rom US and Ent
ebbe expr
esshi
ghwaybui
l
tbyt
heChi
nese
company
.

 Donor
shav
epr
omot
ededucat
ioni
nthecount
rybybui
l
dingandexpandi
ngschool
sin
l
i
newi
thUPEandUSE. Fori
nst
anceTor
oroCol
l
egeassi
stedbyUSAI
D.

 Capi
taldev
elopmentpr
oject
shav
ebeenunder
takent
hroughf
undi
ngofWor
ldBank
andI
MFf
orexampl
e,Buj
agal
ihy
dro-
elect
ri
cit
ypower
.

 Donor
sli
keUSAhav
ehel
pedt
ofi
ghtdi
seasesi
nUgandal
i
keHI
V/AI
Dsbysuppl
yi
ng
ant
i-
ret
rov
iral
drugscheapl
yandt
hishasr
educedt
heAI
Dsr
atei
nthecount
ry.

 ManyUgandanshav
ebeenabl
etoacqui
rehi
ghereducat
ionbecauseofext
ernalai
d.
Fori
nst
ancet
heBr
it
ishCounci
l
,Wor
ldVi
sionUganda,
Wat
otoChur
chof
fereducat
ional
schol
arshi
pst
oUgandans.

 For
eignai
dhashel
pedt
otaket
hev
ict
imsofwaront
hedi
spl
acedUgandanst
ospeci
al
`
campsf
orcar
e. Fori
nst
ance,
RedCr
ossof
fer
sdonat
ionsl
i
kebl
anket
s,cl
othes,
food
t
opeopl
eoft
heNor
th.

 Donor
sli
keUSAhav
ehel
pedt
opr
essur
ethegov
ernmentt
opr
omot
efr
eeandf
air
el
ect
ions.

 Donor
shav
epr
omot
edcapaci
tybui
l
dingnt
hecount
rybyor
gani
zi
ngwor
kshopsf
or
l
eader
satv
ari
ousl
evel
sandgi
vi
ngt
hem mat
eri
alai
d.

 Donorcount
ri
esl
i
keUSAhav
ehel
pedt
ofi
ghtagai
nstabuseofhumanr
ight
s. Theydo
t
hist
hroughmoni
tor
ingel
ect
ionsi
nthecount
ry.

 Becauseoft
hest
ri
ngsat
tachedt
osomedonat
ions,
transpar
encyoraccount
abi
l
ityhas
beenenhancedt
othegov
ernmentf
ight
shadt
omoni
tort
hepr
operuseoff
inances
donat
edt
oheri
ndi
ff
erentdepar
tment
sli
kebui
l
dingschool
s.

 For
eignai
dhasbr
oughtnewmeani
ngt
owar
dst
heunder
standi
ngofr
eli
gioni
nUganda.
Fori
nst
anceChr
ist
ianr
adi
oandTVst
ati
onsl
i
kel
i
ghthouset
elev
isi
on,
topTV,
kingdom
FM,
impactFM somet
imesr
ecei
veai
dfr
om out
sidet
ohel
pspr
eadt
hewor
dofGod.

 Manydi
sadv
ant
agedUgandansespeci
all
ywomenandor
phanshav
ebenef
it
edf
rom
f
orei
gnai
d. Fori
nst
ancet
heUgandawomen’
sfi
nancet
rustwhi
chof
fer
ssof
tloant
o
womeni
sfoundedbydonor
s.

Howev
er,t
o a smal
lerext
entf
orei
gn ai
d hasgotsomenegat
ivei
mpactt
othe
Ugandansoci
etyasnot
edbel
ow;

 Some f
orei
gn count
ri
es hav
e pr
omot
ed,def
ended and pr
otect
ed bad r
egi
mes i
n
Uganda.Forexampl
eAmi
nwasassi
stedbyBr
it
ain,
Isr
ael
.

 For
eignai
dhasst
ri
ngsat
tachedi
nmostcaseswhi
char
ehar
dtof
ulf
il
l.Forexampl
e
buy
ingr
aw mat
eri
alsf
rom t
hedonat
ingcount
ryorl
ett
ingt
echni
quescomef
rom t
he
donat
ingcount
ry.

 Ver
yof
ten f
orei
gn ai
dis mi
sused and di
ver
ted t
o ot
herpubl
i
c pr
oject
s byt
he
gov
ernmenthencedoi
ngi
tsduepur
pose.

 Donorcount
ri
essomet
imesdenyf
reedom ofwor
shi
pormov
ementofUgandanst
o
t
hei
rcount
ri
es.Forexampl
einAugust2003,t
heBr
it
ishhi
ghcommi
ssi
ondeni
edt
he
speakerofpar
li
amentat
rav
elv
isay
ethewashol
dingadi
plomat
icpasspor
tandgoi
ng
ongov
ernmentbusi
ness.
`
 Somet
imest
heai
dinf
orm oft
echnol
ogymaynotber
elev
antt
otheUgandanneeds.
Fori
nst
ancet
hemeatpr
ocessi
ngf
act
oryt
hatwassetatSor
otidi
dnotwor
kforl
ong
becausecowswer
enotenought
ofaci
l
itat
ethef
act
ory
.

 Somet
imesai
dhasi
ncr
easedpov
ert
yamongt
hepeopl
e. Theyar
eencour
agedt
o
gr
owcer
tai
npr
oduct
sorcopsl
i
kecof
feeorcocoademandedbydonorcount
ri
esbut
endupgi
vi
ngt
hem v
eryl
owpr
ices.

 Ai
dinf
orm ofmi
l
itar
yassi
stance has made Ugandans cont
inue t
o be mi
l
itar
il
y
dependent
stodev
elopedcount
ri
esl
i
keUSi
nst
eadofdev
elopi
ngt
hei
rownt
echnol
ogy
.

 Uganda hasbeen pr
act
ical
l
yin ast
ateofwarbecauseofcont
inued suppor
tby
f
orei
gner
s.

 Suchai
d hasdev
eloped i
napol
i
ticalbackcl
ashf
ort
hel
eader
s. Fori
nst
ance
pr
esi
dentMusev
eniwas r
ebuked by some member
s ofpar
li
amentf
oropenl
y
suppor
ti
ngBushi
ntheI
raqwarwheni
ndeedUgandahadnost
rat
egi
cint
erest
sint
he
ar
ea.

 For
eignai
dhasunder
minedt
hecount
ry’
sef
for
ttowar
dseconomi
csel
f-r
eli
anceand
t
hismakesi
tful
l
ydependantonai
d.

 Thi
siswhyev
enupt
otoday
;theengi
neer
sofoi
lext
ract
ionf
rom LakeAl
ber
tar
e
f
orei
gner
s.

 Ugandai
sst
ruggl
i
ngwi
thabi
gdebtbur
denbecauseofacqui
ri
ngal
otoff
orei
gnai
d.

 ManyUgandanshav
elostt
hei
rjobsbecauseoff
orei
gnai
d. Thegov
ernmenti
s
condi
ti
onedt
olayof
fsomewor
ker
sinor
dert
obegi
vensomeai
d.

CORRUPTI
ON

Thi
sref
erst
oal
lway
sbywhi
chpeopl
eat
temptt
owi
nfav
our
sandot
heradv
ant
ages
t
houghof
fer
ingmonet
aryormat
eri
albenef
it
stoot
her
sasawayofbi
asi
ngt
hem t
o
t
hei
rbenef
it
s.

CausesofCor
rupt
ion

 Cor
rupt
ioni
swi
del
yspr
eadt
odaybecauseofeconomi
char
dshi
ps. Manypeopl
eear
n
l
i
ttl
ewagessoi
tmakesi
teasyf
ort
hem t
oacceptbr
ibesasaf
orm ofcor
rupt
ion.

 Wi
despr
eadunempl
oymenti
nUgandahasmademanypeopl
edesper
atesoar
ewi
l
li
ng
`
t
ogi
vei
nbr
ibest
osecur
ejobs. Fori
nst
ancemanygr
aduat
esf
rom uni
ver
sit
iesar
e
connedoft
hei
rmoneybypeopl
ecl
aimi
ngt
oconnectt
hem t
obi
gjobsl
i
kei
nURA.

 Theexi
stenceofweakl
awst
odealwi
thcor
rupt
ioni
nthecount
ryhasi
ncr
eased
cor
rupt
ioncases.

 Cor
rupt
ioni
scommonbecauset
heseni
orof
fi
cial
sar
enot
edbyj
uni
orof
fi
cial
staki
ng
br
ibesandnot
hingmuchi
sdoneagai
nstt
hem asapuni
shment
. Fori
nst
ancedur
ing
Mobut
uSeseseko’
srul
eitwasnor
malf
orpubl
i
cfundst
odi
sappeari
nthehandsofhi
s
mi
nist
ersandwer
enotquest
ioned.

 Thei
nef
fi
ciencyoft
hepol
i
cet
oenf
orcel
awshasi
ncr
easedcor
rupt
ion. Fori
nst
ance
when f
ormer v
ice pr
esi
dent Doct
or Kazi
bwe by t
hen mi
nist
er of agr
icul
tur
e
mi
sappr
opr
iat
edf
undsf
orv
all
eydamsbutnobodywasar
rest
edandputi
njai
l
.

 Thepuni
shment
sgi
vent
othosewhof
ailt
opr
oper
lyaccountf
orpubl
i
cfundsar
e
l
eni
entwhi
chi
ncr
easecor
rupt
ioni
nthesoci
ety
. Someoft
hem ar
enotev
enj
ail
edbut
gi
venpol
i
cebondast
heygot
hrought
ri
al.

 Cor
rupt
ioni
spr
onouncedamongpeopl
ewhoar
enotsur
eaboutj
obsecur
it
y. For
i
nst
anceof
fi
cial
sinURAacceptbr
ibesbecauset
heyknowanyt
imet
heywi
l
lloset
hei
r
post
s.

 Somepeopl
ear
ecor
ruptbecauseoft
oomuchgr
eedf
ormat
eri
alweal
th.Fori
nst
ance
HassanBasaj
j
aBal
abaandSal
i
m Sal
eownbi
gbusi
nesses/
tender
spar
tl
ythr
ough
pr
act
ici
ngcor
rupt
ion.

 Cor
rupt
ioni
swi
despr
eadbecausemanypeopl
edemandf
ori
tinor
dert
ogi
vey
oua
ser
vice.Forexampl
eel
ect
ri
cit
ysuppl
yser
ver
susual
l
ydemandf
ort
ranspor
tal
l
owance
out
sidet
hei
rnor
mal
sal
ary
.

 Manypeopl
ebecomecor
ruptbecauset
heydesi
recer
tai
nli
fest
yleswhi
cht
heyhav
e
noty
etat
tai
ned. Fori
nst
ancei
fonewant
stospendl
i
fei
npl
acesl
i
keKampal
afor
br
ibesatt
hewor
kpl
acei
nany
waypossi
ble.

 Lossofmor
alshasl
edt
oincr
easedspr
eadofcor
rupt
ioni
nthesoci
ety
. I
nUganda
peopl
enol
ongerf
eart
obei
dent
if
ied/ar
rest
edbecauseofcor
rupt
ionpr
ovi
dedt
hey
achi
evet
hei
rgoal
s.

 Del
ayedpay
ment
sespeci
all
yinpr
ivat
ebusi
nesseshav
eopeneduspacef
orcor
rupt
ion.
`
I
naddi
ti
ont
odel
ayedpay
ment
,thepol
i
cei
sinv
olv
edi
ncor
rupt
ionandsomehead
t
eacher
sbecauseofl
owpay
ment
sbyt
heconcer
nedaut
hor
it
ies.

Danger
s/Di
sadv
ant
agesofCor
rupt
ion

 Cor
rupt
ioni
saf
orm oft
hef
tandasi
nbef
oreGod. Accor
dingt
oexodus20:
15-
17,
iti
s
l
i
kecommi
tt
inganev
ilofst
eal
i
ng.

 I
tfr
ust
rat
est
hepooranddeni
esj
ust
icet
othem ast
her
ichsomet
imesof
ferbr
ibest
o
j
udgesi
ncour
tsofl
awt
owi
ncases. Thi
sisal
soagai
nstMoses’t
eachi
ngnot
edi
n
Exodus23:
8.

 I
tdamages/
rui
nst
hemor
alst
andar
doft
hepol
i
ticalel
i
teandmaycul
minat
eint
oa
coup-
de-
tati
nthecount
ry.Forexampl
erecent
lyt
hepr
esi
dentofBur
undiwasmi
l
itar
il
y
oust
edf
rom powerpar
tl
ybecauseofcor
rupt
ioni
nhi
sgov
ernment
.

 I
tleadst
ogener
alf
eel
i
ngofl
ossofconf
idencei
nthecount
ry’
sleader
sandmayl
eadt
o
massunr
estespeci
all
yift
hepr
esi
dentdoesnotpuni
shcor
ruptof
fi
cial
s.

 Cor
rupt
ionmayest
abl
i
shanegat
iveat
ti
tudeofwor
ker
s.Somemaydecl
i
net
odowor
k
t
heyar
eexpect
edt
odount
ilabr
ibei
sgi
vent
othem.Fori
nst
ance,t
hemanypol
i
ce
of
fi
cial
scannotal
l
owy
ouopenupaf
il
eatpol
i
cest
ati
onunl
essy
ouf
aci
l
itat
ethem.

 Cor
rupt
ionul
ti
mat
elymakespeopl
eshadebl
oodbecauset
hosewhoengagei
ncr
imes
getawaywi
thi
tunpuni
shedbecauseofbr
ibesi
nvol
ved. Fori
nst
ancei
nmanycases
t
hiev
esar
etakent
opol
i
cecel
l
sbutbecauseofcor
rupt
ionar
erel
easedwi
thi
n48hour
s.

 Cor
rupt
ion has wi
dened t
he gap bet
ween t
he r
ich and t
he poorand f
rust
rat
ed
gov
ernmentef
for
tst
oal
l
evi
ater
uralpov
ert
y.Thati
stosay
,manydi
str
ictof
fi
cial
s
mi
sappr
opr
iat
efundsmeantt
odev
elopv
il
lages.

 Hi
ghcor
rupt
iont
endenci
esi
nthecount
rycanl
eadt
odonorst
atest
oref
usegr
antai
d.
Fori
nst
ancepr
esi
dentMoi
’
sgov
ernmentandcur
rent
lyRober
tMugabe’
sgov
ernment
ofZi
mbabwecannoteasi
l
ygetai
dfr
om donorcount
ri
esl
i
keUSAandBr
it
ainbecause
ofhi
ghl
evel
sofcor
rupt
ion.

 Cor
rupt
ionunder
minesgov
ernmentef
for
tst
ocol
l
ectt
axesandt
hismakesi
thar
dto
f
inancet
hecount
ry’
sbudget
.Forexampl
etheEnt
andi
kwaschemecol
l
apsedbecause
peopl
ewer
emi
susi
ngt
hei
nit
ialcapi
talf
orper
sonalbenef
it
sinst
eadofnot
ati
onal
pur
poses.
`
 Cor
rupt
ionunder
minesaper
son’
sst
andar
dint
hesoci
etysi
ncehe/
shewi
l
lbel
ooked
atasat
hief
.Forexampl
eDav
idChandiJamwaofNSSFwasar
rest
edbecauseof
mi
susi
ngwor
ker
s’moneyandsel
l
ingbondsatal
owf
eeaswasant
ici
pat
ed.

Sol
uti
ons

 Pr
omptpay
mentshoul
dbemadej
ustaspr
ofessorNsi
bambionceasami
nist
erof
publ
i
cser
vicesuggest
edt
hatci
vi
lser
vant
sshoul dby28thofev
dbepai erymont
h.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dpayt
hewor
ker
sal
i
vingwagesot
hatt
heyar
enott
empt
edt
o
askf
orbr
ibes.

 Publ
i
cser
vant
sshoul
ddecl
aret
hei
rasset
sandl
i
abi
l
iti
essot
hatt
hosewi
thi
l
lgot
ten
weal
thwi
l
lgetexposed.Thi
siswhyusual
l
ymember
sofpar
li
amentandmi
nist
ershav
e
at
imeofdecl
ari
ngt
hei
rweal
th.

 The pr
esi
dentshoul
d pol
i
tical
l
y and economi
cal
l
y st
abi
l
ize t
he count
ryt
ofi
ght
cor
rupt
ionf
orexampl
ebyav
oidi
ngci
vi
lwar
sandpr
ovi
dingmor
ejobsoppor
tuni
ti
es.

 Ast
if
fant
i-
cor
rupt
ionl
awshoul
dbeenact
edt
odeal
wit
hcor
rupt
ioni
npubl
i
cof
fi
ces.

 Ser
iouspenal
ti
esshoul
dbeputov
erconv
ict
edcor
ruptof
fi
cial
s.Forexampl
e10y
ear
s
i
mpr
isonmentandabov
epl
uspay
ingheav
yfi
nesexceedi
ngwhatt
heyt
ook.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dincr
easet
heempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
esi
nthecount
ryby
bui
l
dingmor
efact
ori
es,
hospi
tal
sandmanyot
her
stohel
ploosenpeopl
ewhodemand
f
orbr
ibesf
rom t
hoseseeki
ngf
orj
obswhi
char
erar
e.

 Rout
inet
ransf
erofwor
ker
satl
eastnotexceedi
ng5y
ear
sinonepl
aceshoul
dbe
exer
cisedi
nor
dert
ocheckonof
fi
cial
sli
kepol
i
ceof
fi
cer
swhoaskf
orbr
ibest
ohel
p
t
hei
rcust
omer
sast
hest
ati
onal
mostbecomeshi
sper
sonal
busi
ness.

 Thepr
essshoul
dbegi
venoppor
tuni
tywi
thouti
nti
midat
iont
oai
routof
fi
cial
sint
he
gov
ernmentwhoar
eimpl
i
cat
edofcor
rupt
iont
endenci
es.

 Thegov
ernmentl
eader
sli
kemi
nist
ersshoul
dser
veasexampl
esoft
ranspar
encyso
t
hatt
hei
rjuni
orsf
all
sui
t.

 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dal
sor
efr
ainf
rom i
nter
fer
ingwi
tht
heoper
ati
onsoft
hepol
i
ce
and j
udi
ciar
ytof
ightcor
rupt
ion. I
tannoy
s somet
imes t
hatt
he pr
esi
dental
so
i
nter
fer
esi
ndeci
sionmaki
ngofsomej
udgesi
ncour
tsofl
aw.
`
 Thepubl
i
cshoul
dbesensi
ti
zedont
hemenaceofcor
rupt
ionsot
hator
dinar
ymancan
wor
kwi
tht
heof
fi
cial
sli
ket
hepol
i
ceandI
GGst
ofi
ghtcor
rupt
ion.

LAW ANDORDER
Lawsar
esetofr
ulesandr
egul
ati
onsest
abl
i
shedbyt
hest
ateoranyor
gani
zat
ionf
ort
he
pur
poseofr
egul
ati
ngbehav
iour
sofi
tsmember
s. Ori
tref
erst
oadocument
ed,
standar
dized
andaut
hor
it
ati
vecodeofconductmeantt
ogui
deandr
egul
atepeopl
e’
sbehav
iour
s. Ther
e
ar
evar
ioust
ypesofl
awsl
i
keci
vi
llawswhi
chdealwi
tht
hepr
ivat
eaf
fai
rsofci
ti
zens.For
exampl
eschool
rul
esandr
egul
ati
ons.
 Cust
omar
ylaws,dealwi
th obser
vat
ion ofcul
tur
e .Forexampl
e mar
ri
age and l
and
owner
shi
p.
 Nat
ural
laws,
theydeal
wit
hfeedi
ngandsl
eepi
ngr
ight
s.
 Bi
-l
aws,
theseadopt
edbysmal
lsoci
eti
esl
i
ket
heLC.Forexampl
epr
ohi
bit
ingpeopl
efr
om
dumpi
nggar
bageany
how.
 Supr
emel
aws,
inot
herwor
dsconst
it
uti
onal
lawswhi
chgov
ernt
hecount
ry.
 Pr
ofessi
onall
aws,
suchl
awsgov
ernpr
ofessi
onal
sint
hei
rconduct.Forexampl
eteacher
s
codeofconduct
.
 Rel
i
giousl
aws,
thesear
elawssetbygi
venr
eli
giont
ogui
det
hebehav
iour
sofi
tspeopl
e.

WHATARETHEPURPOSES/I
MPORTANCESOFLAW ANDORDERI
NSOCI
ETY?
Lawandor
derser
vest
hef
oll
owi
ngi
mpor
tance;
 Tomai
ntai
npeaceandst
abi
l
ityi
nthesoci
ety
. Forexampl
erespectt
omar
it
all
awst
o
pr
omot
efami
l
yst
abi
l
ityandt
huspr
omot
ingpr
operchi
l
dbr
ingi
ng.
 Lawspr
omot
eloy
alt
ybet
weent
hest
ateandci
ti
zensaswel
lasor
gani
zat
ions.
 Lawshel
pinpr
omot
ingj
ust
icei
nsoci
ety
. Forexampl
ethesupr
emel
aws.
 Lawshel
ptoov
ercomev
iol
encesuchasst
ri
kesanddemonst
rat
ionswhi
chcanl
eadt
o
dest
ruct
ionofpr
oper
tyandl
ossofl
i
ves.
 Pr
otect
ingt
heweak,
disabl
edandl
esspr
ivi
l
egedmember
sint
hesoci
ety
.
 Lawshel
pinpr
omot
ingdi
plomat
icr
elat
ionshi
psbet
weennat
ionsandor
gani
zat
ionsf
or
exampl
elawsconcer
ningt
heEastAf
ri
canCommuni
ty,l
awsconcer
ningf
ishi
ngonLake
Vi
ctor
ia.
 Lawspr
omot
eandmai
ntai
nfundament
alhumanr
ight
sandf
reedom. Forexampl
ethe
`
l
awagai
nstt
ermi
nat
ionofone’
sli
fe.
 Lawshel
pinr
egul
ati
ngacci
dent
sandl
ossofl
i
vest
het
raf
fi
clawst
hatpr
ohi
bitov
er
speedi
ng,
dri
nki
ngal
cohol
anddr
ivi
ngundert
hei
nfl
uenceofal
cohol
.
 Lawshel
poel
i
minat
ewr
ongdoer
sint
hesoci
etyandencour
agegoodbehav
iouri
nret
urn
pr
ovi
dingabasi
sforpuni
shment
.
 I
thel
pst
o pr
otectt
her
ightand pr
oper
tyofi
ndi
vi
dual
sforexampl
ecust
omar
yand
supr
emel
aws.
 Hel
pst
opr
omot
erel
i
giouspr
act
icesf
orexampl
eencour
agementofmonogamy
.
 Hel
pst
opr
omot
edemocr
ati
cleader
shi
p.
 Lawshel
ptopr
omot
enat
ionaluni
tyandhar
monyi
nthecount
ryf
orexampl
ethel
aws
agai
nstt
ri
bal
i
sm andsegr
egat
ion.
 Lawsencour
agegoodpr
ogr
ammef
orexampl
einschool
spoorper
for
mer
smaybebanned
f
rom school
.
 Hel
pst
ocont
rol
sexual
immor
ali
tyl
i
ker
ape,
adul
ter
y,pr
ost
it
uti
onanddef
il
ement
.
 Hel
pst
oguar
dagai
nstmi
suseofl
eisur
e. Forexampl
epubl
i
csmoki
ng,t
imet
oopen
v
ideohal
l
sandbansi
ntownsl
i
keKampal
aissetbyt
hel
aw.
 Hel
pst
opr
omot
eorpr
eser
vecul
tur
albel
i
efsandnor
ms.Forexampl
ethel
awconcer
ning
ci
rcumci
sionf
orexampl
eamongBagi
shu,
Baki
ga,
Bakonj
o,Sebei
andot
her
s
 Lawspr
omot
eresponsi
blepar
ent
hood.Forexampl
ecust
omar
ylawsandsupr
emel
aws.

ACCOUNTFORTHEVI
OLATI
ONOFLAWSI
NUGANDA
 I
gnor
anceoft
hel
awbymostpeopl
e.
 I
ncr
easi
ngl
evel
sofper
missi
venessi
nsoci
eti
es.
 Theescal
ati
ngl
evel
sofpov
ert
yint
hecount
ryl
eadi
ngt
ofor
eignmoney
,st
eal
i
ngand
r
idgi
ngv
otest
owi
npol
i
tical
por
ts.
 Toomuchgr
eedf
orpower
.
 Cor
rupt
ioni
ncour
tsofl
awshasal
sol
edt
oabuseofl
awsespeci
all
ybyt
her
ich.
 Mi
l
itar
izat
ionofpol
i
ticsanddi
ctat
orshi
pwhi
chmakessol
dier
sint
imi
dat
ethej
udi
ciar
yand
v
oter
s.
 Put
ti
ngupoppr
essi
vepol
i
tical
ideol
ogi
essuchassi
ngl
epar
tysy
stem.
 Di
srespect
inghumanr
ight
sli
ket
her
ightt
ovot
e,r
ightofassoci
ati
on,f
reedom ofspeech
andot
her
s
`
 Weakpenal
ti
esof
fer
edi
ncour
tsofl
awshav
ecausedv
iol
ati
onofl
awst
hroughmob
j
ust
ice.
 Thewi
despr
eadunempl
oymentandr
etr
enchmentofempl
oyeeswi
thoutwar
ningsand
benef
it
saccor
dedt
othem.
 Thewi
despr
eaddr
ugsi
nthesoci
etysuchascubber
,mar
ij
uana.
 Lackofr
eli
giouscommi
tment
.
 I
ncr
easi
nggapbet
weent
her
ichandt
hepoor
.
 Peergr
oupi
nfl
uence.
 Desi
ret
obecomer
icheasi
l
yandqui
ck.
 I
nadequat
emanpoweri
nsomegov
ernmentdepar
tment.Forexampl
epol
i
cef
orce.
 Lazi
nessofsomepeopl
e.
 Hi
ghl
ustl
eadi
ngt
orape,
def
il
ement
,pr
ost
it
uti
on.
 I
nfl
uenceofpor
nogr
aphi
cli
ter
atur
e.
 I
nfl
uenceoft
heenv
ironment
.

WHATARETHEFUNDAMENTALRI
GHTSOFCI
TIZENSI
NUGANDA?
 Thehumanr
ight
sofaci
ti
zeni
nUgandaar
ebasedont
he1948Uni
tedNat
ionsdecl
arat
ion
ofhumanr
ight
sandt
he1995const
it
uti
onoft
her
epubl
i
cofUganda.
Ev
ery
onehasar
ightt
oli
fechapt
er4,
art
icl
e2subsect
iononeandt
wo.
 Ri
ghtt
ohav
eaccesst
omeanst
osuppor
tli
fe,
adequat
efood,
shel
ter
,cl
othi
ngpr
ovi
dedby
t
hegov
ernmenti
fnotenabl
i
ngt
heci
ti
zent
ogett
hem easi
l
y.
 Onehasar
ightt
oeducat
ionar
ti
cle30.
 Ri
ghtt
omar
ryandr
iseaf
ami
l
ybutatt
heageof18y
ear
sandabov
eandatadi
ssol
uti
on.
 Ev
ery
onehasar
ightt
oownapr
oper
tybutwi
thr
espectt
other
ight
sofot
her
sar
ti
cle26.
 Ci
ti
zenshav
ear
ightt
oassoci
atewi
thot
her
s,af
reedom t
ojoi
nandf
orm anassoci
ati
on
l
i
keat
radeuni
onorapol
i
tical
par
ty.
 Onehasar
ightoff
reedom ofspeechandi
nfor
mat
ionar
ti
cle29.
 Ar
eli
giousl
i
ber
tyandf
reedom ofconsci
encear
ti
cle29subsect
ionc.
 Ri
ghtandf
reedom t
opar
ti
cipat
eint
hepol
i
ticsofhi
sorherowncount
ryespeci
all
ywhen
he/
shehast
henecessar
yqual
i
ficat
ions.
 Ar
ightofr
espectt
ohumandi
gni
tyandpr
otect
ionf
rom sl
aver
yandf
orcedl
abour
,ar
ti
cle
25.
`
 Ar
ightofpr
ivacyofaper
son,
homeandpr
oper
ty,
art
icl
e27.
 Ar
ightt
ocl
eanandheal
thenv
ironment
,ar
ti
cle39.
 Chi
l
drent
obecar
edf
orbyt
hei
rpar
ent
sort
hoseent
it
ledt
othem. Howev
ert
hechi
l
dren
ar
eexpect
edt
orespectandco-
oper
atewi
tht
hei
rpar
ent
sot
her
wiset
her
ightwoul
dbe
r
ender
edusel
ess.

SHOULDACHRI
STI
ANI
NVOLVEHI
MSELFI
NTHEARMY?
Yes,
aChr
ist
ianshoul
dinv
olv
eint
hear
mybasi
ngont
hef
oll
owi
ngr
easons;
 Byj
oini
ngt
hear
myaChr
ist
ianal
sobecomesapr
otect
oroft
hel
i
vesofci
ti
zensandhi
sli
fe
pl
ust
hepr
oper
tyawayf
rom enemi
es. Thi
sisi
nli
newi
thGod’
scommandsi
nGenesi
s
1:
28-
29.
 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dinv
olv
eint
hear
mybecausei
tindi
cat
esf
oll
owi
ngChr
ist
ianspr
inci
ples
andcommands. Godpr
otect
edt
heI
srael
i
tesagai
nstt
hei
renemi
esi
nwarandsoasa
Chr
ist
ianhasar
ightt
obei
nthear
my.
 I
tisj
ust
if
iedf
oraChr
ist
iant
ojoi
nthear
myasawayofbui
l
dingdef
ensear
oundt
he
count
ryf
rom enemi
esandcr
eat
ingpeace. ThegospelofMat
hew5:
9cl
ear
lysay
s,happy
ar
ethesewhowor
kforpeace,
Godwi
l
lcal
lthem hi
schi
l
dren.
 Thebi
blegi
vesexampl
esofpeopl
ewhower
egr
eatsol
dier
sunderGod’
spr
otect
ion. For
exampl
eCor
nel
i
us,Ki
ngDav
idwhodef
eat
edt
hegr
eatphi
l
ist
inecommanderGol
i
ath(
1
Samuel
17:
50-
54)
 Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
obei
nthear
mybecauset
heyar
ethel
i
ghtandsal
toft
heear
th,
sot
heywoul
dgi
veagooddi
rect
iont
oot
her
stobemor
all
yupr
ighti
ftheyar
eint
hear
my.
 A Chr
ist
ian doesnotl
i
vei
nisol
ati
on f
rom t
he communi
tyand t
he nat
ion atl
arge.
Ther
efor
ehei
scal
l
edupont
otakeuphi
sconst
it
uti
onalr
esponsi
bil
i
tyofdependi
ngt
he
nat
ionandpr
omot
ingpeace.
 AChr
ist
ianshoul
djoi
nthear
myf
orusef
ulpur
posef
orexampl
edi
str
ibut
ingf
oodi
nti
mes
ofcal
ami
ti
esandr
escuemi
ssi
onsl
i
kedur
ingwar
soracci
dent
s,ear
thquakesandot
her
s
 Chr
ist
iansar
efr
eet
ojoi
nthear
myf
ort
hepur
poseofdoi
ngt
asksl
i
keexhumi
ningdead
bodi
es and di
scov
ery of new geogr
aphi
calf
eat
ures whi
ch become a basi
sfor
dev
elopmenti
nthecount
ry.
 AChr
ist
iani
nvol
vementi
nthear
myi
simpor
tantf
orpr
omot
ionofpeacet
hatal
soGod
wi
sheshi
speopl
etohav
e.
 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dbei
nthear
myf
orsuppor
ti
ngot
hersecur
it
yor
ganssuchast
hepol
i
ce,
`
t
ofi
ghtandpr
eventcr
imesi
nthesoci
ety
.

Howev
ert
oasmal
lerext
entmaynotbesuppor
tedt
ojoi
nthear
mybasi
ngont
hef
oll
owi
ng
v
iews;
 Chr
ist
iani
tyencour
agesaspi
ri
tofl
ove,f
orgi
venessandr
econci
l
iat
ionbutaChr
ist
ian
sol
dierf
indsi
thar
dtouset
heabov
epr
inci
plesbecauset
hear
mymai
nlyusesv
iol
ence
agai
nstev
ildoer
s.
 Themaj
orpur
poseoft
hear
myi
swarwhi
chi
sagai
nstt
heChr
ist
ianpr
inci
pleofpeacewi
th
oneanot
herandl
i
vingasbr
other
sandsi
ster
soft
hesamef
ather
.
 TheChr
ist
ianswoul
dal
way
swantt
oconquerev
ilwi
thl
ovesi
nceev
ilcannotsol
veev
il
accor
dingt
oChr
ist
iant
eachi
ngbuti
nvol
vementi
nthear
mybyaChr
ist
ianmeanshemay
bef
orcedt
ousef
orcet
osol
veev
il
.
 Chr
ist
iansar
eur
gednott
ojoi
nthear
mybecauseChr
istbr
oughtpeacenotwart
omanki
nd
whenhebr
oket
hechai
nsofdeat
hsooneshoul
dbeapeacemakernotawar
ri
or.
 AChr
ist
iani
nvol
vementi
nthear
myi
snotj
ust
if
iedbecausebef
oreGodt
her
eisnor
eason
f
ordomi
nat
ionofoneanot
her
. Hecr
eat
edmanki
ndasequal
tooneanot
her
.
 Wari
sman’
sdesper
atewayofsol
vi
ng pr
obl
emswhi
chasChr
ist
iani
tyt
eachest
hat
pr
obl
emscanbesol
vedt
hroughr
econci
l
iat
ion.
 Chr
ist
iansdonotj
ust
if
ythei
nvol
vementi
nthear
mybecausewari
nvol
veski
l
li
ngwhi
chi
s
asi
nbef
oreGodwhot
aughtt
heI
srael
i
tesnott
ocommi
tmur
der(
Exodus20:
13)
 Becausewarcr
eat
esenmi
tybet
weeni
ndi
vi
dual
sandnat
ionsl
i
keUSAandLi
byadur
ing
Gadaf
i’
srei
gn,Amer
icaandI
ran,RwandaandCongo,aChr
ist
ianmaynotwi
sht
ojoi
nthe
ar
mybecausehei
ssupposedt
ocr
eat
epeacebutwarcr
eat
esenmi
ty.
 ManyChr
ist
iansdonotsuppor
tjoi
ningt
hear
mybecausemanyar
miesofAf
ri
caar
e
associ
atedwi
thi
mmor
albehav
iour
swhi
char
eungodl
yrapi
ng,pr
ost
it
uti
on,dr
ugabuse
homosexual
i
ty.
 Wari
sev
identappr
oacht
o pr
obl
emswhi
chi
snotaccept
abl
etogodandmayal
so
di
scour
ageaChr
ist
iant
ojoi
nthear
my.I
nMat
hew26:
52-
53,
Jesususedpeacef
ulmeans
t
oputbackt
heearoft
hesol
dierwhi
chwascutof
fbyhi
sdi
sci
pleandal
sor
equest
ed
t
hosewhocamet
oar
resthi
mtoputbackt
hei
rswor
ds.
 AChr
ist
ianmaynotl
i
kej
oini
ngt
hear
mybecausewarbr
ingssuf
fer
inganddest
ruct
iont
o
t
hecommuni
ty.I
naddi
ti
ont
ohunger
,ref
ugees,
spr
eadofdi
seasesandot
her
s
 Chr
ist
iansdonotj
ust
if
ywar
/inv
olv
ementi
nthear
mybecausewari
sSat
an’
sweaponof
`
dest
roy
ingl
i
feandcausi
ngsuf
fer
ing.
 Joi
ningt
hear
myorwarmaynotbej
ust
if
iedbyaChr
ist
ianbecausei
tisagai
nstt
he
Chr
ist
ian v
irt
uesand pr
inci
plesofl
ove,r
espect
,for
giv
eness,endur
ance,f
ait
hful
ness,
ki
ndness,
trust
wor
thi
nessandot
her
s

I
NWHATOTHERWAYSSHOULDACHRI
STI
ANCONTRI
BUTETOTHESECURI
TYOFHI
SOR
HERCOUNTRYAPARTFROM JOI
NINGTHEARMY?
AChr
ist
iancancont
ri
but
etot
hesecur
it
yofhi
s/hercount
ryapar
tfr
om j
oini
ngt
hear
my
t
hroughdoi
ngt
hef
oll
owi
ng;
 Suppor
ti
nggov
ernmentandmi
l
itar
ypr
ogr
ammesl
i
ker
epor
ti
ngcr
imi
nal
sint
hesoci
ety
.
 Encour
agi
ngot
her
swhowantt
ojoi
nthear
myt
odoso.
 Bypay
ingt
axest
ost
atet
osuppor
tbuy
ingf
oodandmat
eri
alst
osuppor
tthear
my.
 Br
ingi
ngupheal
thyanddi
sci
pli
nedchi
l
drenwi
thChr
ist
ianmor
alswhocanev
enj
oint
he
ar
medf
orce.
 Hel
pingt
hest
atet
orecr
uitpot
ent
ialmanpowerl
i
ket
hepol
i
ce,ar
myandot
herci
vi
l
ser
vices.
 Pr
ayi
ngf
orpeacet
opr
evai
li
nthecount
ry.
 Encour
agi
ngdi
aloguebet
weenwor
ryi
ngf
act
ionsl
i
keBesi
gyev
ersesMusev
eni
.
 At
tendi
ng pol
i
tici
an cour
ses l
i
ke at Ky
ankwanzi l
eader
shi
p cent
re and l
ocal
mchakamchakat
rai
ning.
 Gi
vi
ngadv
iceandexposi
ngi
nsecur
it
ythati
sli
kel
ytot
akepl
acei
nthear
easot
hati
tis
deal
twi
thi
mmedi
atel
y.
 I
nvol
vi
ngal
lsect
orsofsoci
etyt
ogi
vedi
rect
ionl
i
kebei
ngamemberi
nthel
ocal
counci
l
.
 Bei
ngawat
chdogofpeace,secur
it
y,j
ust
iceandt
her
uleofl
aw wi
thi
nthecount
ryt
hat
woul
dpr
omot
edemocr
acyandsecur
it
y.
 Of
fer
ingchi
l
drenf
ormal
educat
iont
oli
veabr
ightf
utur
e.
 I
nvol
vi
ngi
nradi
oandTVt
alkshows.Forexampl
eMamboBaadoonCBS,Akabi
nkanoon
BukeddeTVandot
her
s
 Resi
sti
nggov
ernmentact
ivi
ti
est
hatv
iol
etpeopl
e’
sfundament
alr
ight
sandf
reedom .For
exampl
eabuseoff
reedom ofpr
ess,
associ
ati
onandi
mpr
isonmentwi
thoutt
ri
al.

CRI
MESANDPUNI
SHMENTS
CRI
MES
`
Thesear
eof
fences/omi
ssi
onsoranyactaper
sondoeswhi
chi
sagai
nstt
hesetr
ulesand
r
egul
ati
onsgov
erni
ngagi
vensoci
ety
.
I
n ot
herwor
ds a cr
ime i
s an i
l
legalpr
act
ice (
unl
awf
ulwhi
ch peopl
e commi
tand ar
e
puni
shabl
eori
tisamor
all
ywr
ongbehav
ior
.

ACCOUNTFORTHERAMPANTI
NCREASEI
NCRI
MERATEI
NUGANDATODAY?
Thei
ncr
easi
ngcausesofcr
imesi
nsoci
etyt
odayar
ethef
oll
owi
ng;
 Lackofpar
ent
alcar
e. Wher
esomepar
ent
shav
efai
l
edt
opr
ovi
det
hebasi
cneedst
o
t
hei
rchi
l
drenl
i
kef
oodandeducat
ion,
they
oungoneshav
einv
olv
edi
ncr
imesl
i
kest
eal
i
ng,
pr
ost
it
uti
on,
for
nicat
ionandot
her
s
 Dr
ugabusel
i
keal
cohol
,vay
agr
a,cocai
nehav
echangedt
hebodychemi
str
yofsome
peopl
ehenceendi
ngupcommi
tt
ingcr
imesl
i
kemur
der
,rape,
def
il
ement
,robber
y,f
ight
ing
andot
her
s
 Theescal
ati
ngl
evel
sofpov
ert
yint
hecount
ryhav
eal
soi
ncr
easedcr
imer
ate. Peopl
e
commi
tcr
imesl
i
kest
eal
i
ng,
cor
rupt
ion,
bri
ber
y,pr
ost
it
uti
onduet
otheneedoear
nal
i
ving.
 Thehi
ghl
evel
sofper
missi
venessi
nsoci
etyhav
eincr
easedcasesofcr
imesi
nsoci
ety
.
Thef
reedom t
hey
out
henj
oyt
odayhasr
ender
edt
hem i
ntobehav
ingi
mmor
all
yoragai
nst
t
hel
awt
hroughact
sli
eact
ingpor
nogr
aphyf
il
ms,
andnudedances(
kimansul
o).
 Thehi
ghl
evel
sofempl
oymenti
nUgandahasl
edt
oincr
easei
ncr
imesi
nfor
m ofpi
ck
pocket
ing,
prost
it
uti
on,
mur
der
,for
nicat
ion,
adul
ter
y,homosexual
i
tyandot
her
s
 Thepoorexampl
esshownbyt
her
eli
giousandpol
i
ticall
eader
s. Someoft
hesepeopl
e
hav
ebeenr
epor
tedi
nvol
vi
ngi
ncommi
tt
ingcr
imesl
i
keadul
ter
y,cor
rupt
ion,def
il
ement
,
adul
ter
yhencegi
vi
ngot
herpeopl
eoppor
tuni
tyt
odot
hesame.
 Cor
rupt
ioni
ncour
tsofl
aw. Thi
shasl
edt
oincr
easedmobj
ust
ice.
 I
gnor
anceaboutt
hel
aw bymanypeopl
einUganda. Thi
shasl
edt
oincr
easedmob
j
ust
icebecausesomepeopl
ear
enotawar
ethatt
heyar
ecommi
tt
ingcr
imes.
 Soci
alandeconomi
cimbal
ancesi
nthecount
rybet
weeni
ndi
vi
dual
sandr
egi
ons. Thi
s
haspav
edwayf
orcr
imesl
i
kest
eal
i
ng,
wit
chcr
aft
,env
yandot
her
s
 Pol
i
ticalact
ivi
ti
esl
i
ker
idgi
ngofel
ect
ionshasal
sol
edt
oincr
easedcr
imesl
i
keor
gani
zi
ng
r
ebel
act
ivi
ti
es,
mur
der
,ki
dnappi
ngandot
her
s
 Peergr
oupi
nfl
uencecani
nfl
uenceonet
oengagei
ntocr
ime.
 Env
ironment
alf
act
or.Forexampl
eli
vi
ngi
nsl
ums,
nearbar
sandneardi
scot
heques.
 Thedesi
ret
obecomer
ichqui
ck. Thi
shasendedi
ntocommi
tt
ingcr
imesl
i
kemur
der
,
`
cheat
ing,
cor
rupt
ion.
 Theweakenf
orcementofl
awandor
derbyt
hest
ate.Thati
stosay
,thef
ewnumberof
pol
i
cef
orcehasenabl
edcasesl
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
ont
ocont
inue.
 Economi
char
dshi
pst
oget
herwi
thl
atepay
mentt
oci
vi
lser
vant
sandot
herwor
ker
s. Thi
s
hasl
edt
ocommi
tt
ingcr
imesl
i
kecor
rupt
ion,
bri
ber
y,asawayofseeki
ngf
orsur
viv
al.
 Rur
alur
banmi
grat
ionl
eadi
ngt
ocr
eat
ionofur
banunempl
oymentr
esul
ti
ngi
ntodr
ug
abuse.
 Domest
icv
iol
enceandsexual
dissat
isf
act
ion. Thi
sleadst
oadul
ter
yandf
ight
s.
 Cul
tur
alpr
act
icesandbel
i
efst
hatawomani
sinf
eri
ort
othemanhaspav
edwayf
or
cr
imesl
i
kedomest
icv
iol
ence,
rapei
nthehome.
 Exi
stenceofi
ncur
abl
edi
seasesl
i
keHI
V/AI
Dshasf
orcedsomepeopl
etospr
eadi
tto
i
nnocentpeopl
e.
 Wat
chi
ngpor
nogr
aphyandr
eadi
ngr
omant
icnov
elshasl
edt
ocommi
tt
ingcr
imesl
i
ker
ape,
def
il
ement
.
 Hi
ghsexual
lusthasl
edt
ocommi
tt
ingcr
imesl
i
ker
apeanddef
il
ement
.
 Oppr
essi
onorpol
i
tical
opponent
scausesst
ri
kesandwar
s.

WHATROLEHASTHECHURCHPLAYEDI
NTHEFI
GHTAGAI
NSTCRI
MES?
Thechur
chhaspl
ayedt
hef
oll
owi
ngr
olest
ofi
ghtagai
nstcr
imes;
 Thechur
chhast
aughtmor
alst
othey
oungonesandemphasi
zedmor
ali
tyi
nthesoci
ety
t
hroughi
tsdai
l
ypr
eachi
ng.
 Thechur
chhaspr
eachedf
orgi
venessandr
econci
l
iat
ionamongcommuni
tymember
s
especi
all
ypol
i
tici
ansl
i
keBesi
gyeandMusev
enit
odi
scour
ager
evengeorgoi
ngt
othe
bushf
orwar
.
 Thechur
chhasshowngoodexampl
etot
hef
oll
ower
snott
oinv
olv
eincommi
tt
ingcr
imes
buthav
eaf
orgi
vi
nghear
tli
keChr
istwas. Forexampl
etheRomanCat
hol
i
cpopef
orgav
e
amanwhoshotathi
m.
 Thechur
chhascondemneddr
ugabusewhi
chl
eadpeopl
eint
ocommi
tt
ingcr
imes.For
exampl
eal
cohol
,cuber
.
 Thechur
chl
eader
shav
etr
iedt
opr
ovi
depr
oject
stot
hepoorsot
hatt
heycanr
educeon
commi
tt
ingcr
imesandbeoccupi
edwi
thwor
k. Forexampl
ethesendacow pr
ojectof
t
hecat
hol
i
catKi
tov
uMassaka.
 The chur
ches l
i
ke t
he Cat
hol
i
c Chur
ch hav
e setup banks l
i
ke t
he cent
enar
yrur
al
`
dev
elopmentbankwhi
chof
ferj
obst
osomepeopl
eli
keaskar
is,cl
eaner
swhowoul
dbe
commi
tt
ingcr
imesl
i
ker
obber
y.
 I
thasencour
agedt
eachi
ngChr
ist
ianset
hicsi
nschool
smor
esoi
nthei
rchur
chf
ounded
school
sli
keSt
.Henr
y’sKi
tov
u,RubagaGi
rl
sSS,
RubagaBoy
sSS,
St,
.JosephNsamby
aSS,
St
.Mar
y’sKi
subi
SS.
 Chur
chl
eader
sli
keAr
chi
bishopCy
pri
anLwangaofRubagacat
hedr
alandPast
orSempaof
Maker
ere Pent
ecost
alchur
ch hav
etr
ied t
ofi
ghtagai
nstcr
imes i
n soci
etyt
hrough
pr
eachi
ngagai
nstsect
ari
ant
endenci
esl
i
ket
ri
bal
i
sm whi
chcausescr
imesl
i
kecor
rupt
ion.
 Thechur
chsomet
imesor
gani
zessemi
nar
sfort
hey
out
handot
hermember
swhowi
shi
n
pl
acesl
i
keNsamby
ashar
inghal
lpr
opermor
alsar
etheni
mpact
edi
nyout
hasawayof
cont
rol
l
ingcr
imes.
 Somet
imest
hechur
chl
eader
sor
gani
zeact
ivi
ti
eswhi
choccupyt
hemi
ndsoft
hey
out
h
andar
eunabl
etocommi
tcr
imesduet
oidl
enesssomeoft
heseact
ivi
ti
esi
ncl
udef
oot
bal
l
andv
oll
eybal
lcompet
it
ions.
 Somet
imest
hechur
chl
eader
sor
gani
zedoort
odoorpr
eachi
ngoft
hegospel
. Thi
shas
l
eftmanyy
out
hsconv
ert
edt
oChr
ist
iani
tyandhencer
educi
ngoncasesofcr
imesi
n
school
sli
kef
orni
cat
ion.
 Thechur
chl
eader
shav
eencour
agedgoodr
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenpar
ent
sandt
hei
rchi
l
dren.
Thi
shel
pst
oguar
dagai
nstcr
imesl
i
kechi
l
dtor
tur
e.
 Thechur
chencour
agesr
espectt
oci
vi
laut
hor
it
ybyi
tsf
oll
ower
sbecauseJesusChr
ist
r
espect
edsi
ngl
eaut
hor
it
y(Mar
k11:
12)

APARTFROM CHURCH,WHATOTHERWAYSCANBEUSEDTOCUB/CONTROLCRI
MESI
N
THESOCI
ETY?
 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dsetupt
hei
nspect
orgener
alofgov
ernmentof
fi
ceso ast
o
obser
vet
her
ight
sofci
ti
zensandpenal
i
zet
hosei
nvol
vedi
nvi
olat
ingpeopl
e’
sri
ght
sand
f
reedom.
 Byal
l
owi
ngf
reedom ofpr
esspr
intandel
ect
roni
cmedi
a.
 Const
antr
evi
sionofwor
ker
s’wagesandsal
ari
esi
naccor
dancet
othest
andar
dsofl
i
ving
i
nthecount
ry.
 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dspeedupt
her
ateatwhi
chcr
imi
nal
sar
etr
iedi
ncour
tsofl
aw.
 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dser
iousl
ypuni
shcor
ruptof
fi
cial
sli
ket
hej
udgesf
orexampl
ebei
ng
di
smi
ssedandpay
ingf
ines.
`
 Ther
eisneedt
oconst
ructhomesf
ort
hepoor
,or
phansandwander
ersandev
endef
ed
wi
thf
oodandcl
othi
ng.
 Gov
ernmentpol
i
ciesandpr
ogr
ammesshoul
dcr
eat
eempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
est
ofi
ght
unempl
oymentwhi
chl
eadst
osaf
ety
.
 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dequi
pthel
aw enf
orcementbodi
esl
i
kepol
i
ceandar
mywi
th
adequat
emachi
ner
yli
kecar
s,gunsandot
her
s
 Ther
eshoul
dbeser
iouscensor
shi
pofmassmedi
atocont
rolpor
nogr
aphi
cinf
luences
whi
chl
eadt
ocr
imesl
i
ker
ape,
def
il
ement
,homosexual
i
ty,
adul
ter
y.
 Pl
aysandsongsshoul
dbecomposedandwr
it
tent
oshow peopl
ethedangerofmor
al
degener
ati
onandcor
rupt
ion.
 Thegov
ernmentt
hroughf
iscalandmoni
tor
yser
vicesont
hegapbet
weent
her
ichandt
he
poort
hroughpr
ovi
dingt
hem wi
thf
reeeducat
ionandmedi
cal
ser
vices.
 Fr
eegui
danceandcounsel
i
ngshoul
dbepr
ovi
dedt
othesoci
etybyt
hegov
ernment
,NGOs
ort
hechur
ch.
 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dwor
khar
dtopr
omot
epeace,
secur
it
yandst
abi
l
ityi
nthecount
ry.
 Remandhomeshoul
dbeest
abl
i
shedt
ohandl
esomecr
imi
nal
swhoar
enot
ori
ous.
 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dsuppor
tgamesandspor
tsatdi
ff
erentl
evel
soft
hesoci
ety
.
Thesewoul
dhel
pthey
oungpeopl
etol
ear
ndi
sci
pli
neandpr
omot
ionofnat
ional
uni
ty.
 Communi
ty pol
i
cing and sensi
ti
zat
ion oft
he masses aboutt
hei
rri
ght
s shoul
d be
emphasi
zed.
 The gov
ernmentshoul
d show t
he wi
l
loff
ight
ing cor
rupt
ion. Thr
ough puni
shi
ng
gov
ernmentof
fi
cial
sconv
ict
edi
ncor
rupt
ionbydemot
ingt
hem,
maki
ngt
hem pay
.
 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dtr
ytor
educet
henumberoff
ir
ear
msi
nthehandsofpr
ivat
e
peopl
ewhomi
suset
hem andcommi
tcr
imesl
i
ker
obber
yandmur
der
.
 Thepar
li
amentshoul
dal
sor
evi
sesomel
awssucht
hatt
hepuni
shmentf
orcommi
tt
ing
cer
tai
ncr
imesshoul
dbei
nli
ewi
tht
hecr
imecommi
tt
edandshoul
dbeheav
yenought
o
pr
eventpeopl
efr
om commi
tt
ingt
hesamecr
imel
i
keadul
ter
y,def
il
ement
,for
nicat
ionand
ot
her
s

PUNI
SHMENTS
Puni
shmenti
sdef
inedasdel
i
ber
atedeni
alofsomehumanr
ightbyl
awf
ulaut
hor
it
ybecause
off
ail
uret
oobeyt
hel
aworr
espectt
her
ight
sofot
her
s.
`
TYPESOFPUNI
SHMENTS
1.Capi
talpuni
shment
.Thi
sisput
ti
ngt
odeat
hoft
hecr
imi
nal
aft
erj
udgmentbyacompet
ent
cour
t.
2.I
mpr
isonment
. Thi
sisapuni
shmentgi
vent
oaper
sonaf
tert
hecour
tsofl
aw hav
e
j
udgedhi
m orhert
obei
npr
isonf
oraspeci
fi
edper
iodoft
imedependi
ngont
hegr
avi
tyof
t
hecr
imecommi
tt
ed. Howev
eronemaybesent
encedt
oli
fei
mpr
isonmentwhi
l
eot
her
s
f
oraf
ewy
ear
s,mont
hs,
weeksandday
sorhour
s.
3.Pay
mentoff
ine. Thi
sisaf
orm ofpuni
shmentwher
ethecour
tmi
ghtor
dert
heaccused
t
opayagi
venf
inedependi
ngont
hedamagecaused.
4.Awar
ningf
rom t
hemagi
str
ateoranyl
awf
ulaut
hor
it
y. Thi
sser
vesasapsy
chol
ogi
cal
puni
shmentandi
snor
mal
l
ygi
vent
ocr
imesofl
aw i
ntensi
tyt
osoci
ety.Forexampl
e
abusi
nganel
der
.
5.Cor
por
alpuni
shment
s. Thi
sist
heki
ndofpuni
shmentempl
oyedbyi
nst
it
uti
onsuchas
pol
i
ce,
school
sandt
hear
my.I
tinv
olv
esexer
ti
ngpai
ntot
hecr
imi
nal
thr
oughcai
ning.
6.Pr
obat
ionpuni
shment
. Her
eaper
soni
srequi
redt
orepor
ttopol
i
ceort
hecour
tsofl
aw
af
teraspeci
fi
edper
iodoft
imel
i
ket
wiceamont
h. I
tiscommonl
ygi
vent
opeopl
ewho
ar
eonbai
lasi
nvest
igat
ionsst
il
lgoon.
7.Housear
rest
. Thi
sisf
orm ofpuni
shmenti
nmostcasesgi
vent
opol
i
ticalpr
isoner
sto
denyt
hem i
nter
act
ionwi
tht
hemasseswhi
chcancauseupr
isi
ngsanddamageofpr
oper
ty.

THEAI
MSOFPUNI
SHI
NGWRONGDOERS
Cr
imi
nal
sar
epuni
shedi
nsoci
etyf
ort
hef
oll
owi
ngr
easons;
 Todi
scour
aget
hem andot
her
sfr
om r
epeat
ingt
heof
fensecommi
tt
ed.
 Towar
not
her
swhomaywi
sht
ocommi
tthesameof
fense.
 Puni
shment
sar
egi
venf
ort
hepur
poseofcausi
ngr
efor
m.
 Puni
shment
sar
egi
vent
opr
omot
epubl
i
csecur
it
y.Forexampl
eimpr
isoni
ngar
obberor
expel
l
ingast
udentwhoi
sahomosex
ual
.
 Topr
omot
eloy
alt
ytoaut
hor
it
y.
 Puni
shment
shel
ptomai
ntai
nlaw andor
deri
nsoci
ety.Forexampl
einschool
swhen
wr
ongst
udent
sar
ecai
neddi
sci
pli
newi
l
limpr
ove.
 Puni
shment
sar
eimpor
tanti
nar
easl
i
keschool
stoi
mpr
ovehar
dwor
kandgoodr
esul
ts.
 Puni
shment
sar
eimpor
tanti
ndi
scour
agi
ngi
mmor
ali
tyi
nsoci
ety
. Forexampl
esexual
i
mmor
ali
tyl
i
ker
ape,
adul
ter
y,f
orni
cat
ion,
prost
it
uti
onanddef
il
ement
.
`
 Theyencour
ager
espectf
orr
eli
gious,
cul
tur
alnor
msandv
alues.Forexampl
epuni
shi
nga
per
sonunder
minedt
hebi
blet
eachi
ng.
 Puni
shment
ssuchaspay
ingf
inesl
eadt
oacqui
sit
ionofmat
eri
alweal
tht
otheof
fer
ed
i
ndi
vi
dual
shencei
mpr
ovi
ngt
hest
andar
dsofl
i
ving.
 Puni
shment
sar
eimpor
tanti
npr
otect
ingt
heweakf
rom bei
ngt
akenadv
ant
ageofbyt
he
r
ichandpower
fulmember
soft
hesoci
ety
. Thi
sisi
nli
newi
tht
hebi
bli
calt
eachi
ngast
he
l
ordi
sal
way
sunhappywi
tht
hosewhooppr
esst
hepoor
.(Pr
ov22:
22-
23)
 Puni
shment
spr
omot
epr
operupbr
ingi
ngofchi
l
drenf
ort
hebenef
it
soft
hesoci
ety
. Thi
s
gi
vespr
idet
opar
ent
sasi
ndi
cat
edi
nPr
over
bs29:
17,
22:
15,
13:
34.

WHATFACTORSSHOULDBECONSI
DEREDWHENDETERMI
NINGTHEPUNI
SHMENTTOBE
GI
VENTOTHECRI
MINAL
Thepowert
odet
ermi
neone’
spuni
shmenti
sal
way
sint
hehandsoft
hej
udgeandwhatt
he
l
awst
ates.
Howev
ert
hef
oll
owi
ngf
act
orsar
eimpor
tanti
ndet
ermi
ningt
henat
ureofpuni
shmentt
obe
gi
vent
othecr
imi
nal
;
 Thenumberoft
imest
hecr
imi
nal
hascommi
tt
edt
hecr
ime.
 The ci
rcumst
ances underwhi
ch t
he per
son commi
tt
ed t
he cr
ime,det
ermi
nes t
he
puni
shmentt
obeawar
ded.Fori
nst
ancebei
ngunderi
nfl
uenceofal
coholorf
orsel
f
def
ense.
 Thepur
poseofpuni
shmentshoul
dbeconsi
der
ed.Thati
stosay
,itshoul
dber
efor
mat
ive
notdest
ruct
ive.
 Thesexoft
heper
sonal
sobeconsi
der
ed. Gener
all
ywomenar
eaweakersexandso
shoul
dbegi
venl
i
ght
erpuni
shment
s.
 Thei
mpactoft
hecr
imet
othesoci
etyshoul
dbeputi
nconsi
der
ati
on. Forexampl
e
someone who has commi
tt
ed mur
dershoul
d be gi
ven heav
ypuni
shment
sli
ke l
i
fe
i
mpr
isonmentcompar
edt
otheonewhohascommi
tt
edadul
ter
y.
 Ther
esponsi
bil
i
tyoft
heper
soni
nquest
ionf
orexampl
eababyf
eedi
ngmot
hershoul
dbe
gi
venl
esspuni
shmentcompar
edt
otheonewhoi
sfr
ee.
 Theageoft
hecr
imi
nal
shoul
dal
sodet
ermi
net
heheav
inessoft
hepuni
shment
.
 Thepoweroft
hel
awshoul
dbet
akeni
ntoconsi
der
ati
on.Thati
stosay
,oneshoul
dnotbe
puni
shedbey
ondt
hest
atedpuni
shmentbyt
hel
aw.
 Thewi
l
li
ngnessoft
hecr
imi
nal
tor
eveal
other
sinv
olv
edi
nthecr
imecommi
tt
ed.
`
 Theheal
thst
atusoft
hesuspectshoul
dal
sobeconsi
der
ed.
 Themet
hodusedi
ncommi
tt
ingcr
imesshoul
dbebasedondet
ermi
ningt
henat
ureof
puni
shmentshoul
dbegi
vent
oacr
imi
nal.Forexampl
eaper
sonwhousedagunt
o
commi
tacr
imeshoul
dbegi
venheav
ypuni
shmentofi
mpr
isonmentf
ormanyy
ear
sthan
oneusedf
alsedef
enset
ocommi
tasi
mil
arcr
ime.
 Thepol
i
ticalcl
i
mat
ewhent
hecr
imewascommi
tt
ed shoul
d al
so beconsi
der
ed f
or
exampl
edur
ingpol
i
tical
campai
gns.
 Thef
utur
eli
feoft
hecr
imi
nal
shoul
dal
sobeconsi
der
edf
orexampl
eifonei
stoool
dli
feof
i
mpr
isonmentshoul
dbemi
nimum.
 Thepuni
shmentshoul
dbeasasi
gnofwar
ningt
oot
her
snott
ocommi
tthesameof
fence
andt
ocauser
epent
ance.
 I
tshoul
dal
sof
ocusont
hef
undament
alhumanr
ight
sandf
reedom oft
hecr
imi
nalsuchas
t
her
ightt
oli
feandf
reedom ofassoci
ati
on.

WHATARGUMENTSAREGI
VENBYTHEPEOPLEAGAI
NSTCAPI
TALPUNI
SHMENTS?
Capi
talpuni
shmentmeansput
ti
ngt
odeat
hoft
hecr
imi
nalbyt
hepubl
i
caut
hor
it
yasa
consequenceoft
hev
erdi
ctandasent
encepassedbyacompet
entcour
tofl
aw.

I
tisaf
orm ofpuni
shmentwhi
chi
nvol
vessent
enci
ngsomeonet
odeat
hthr
ought
hel
aw.

Manyhumanr
ight
sact
ivi
ti
esandmai
nlyChr
ist
iansar
eagai
nstcapi
talpuni
shment
sbecause
oft
hef
oll
owi
ngdi
sadv
ant
agesassoci
atedwi
thi
t;
 Capi
talpuni
shmenti
sagai
nstt
hef
undament
alhumanr
ight
sofUgandansbasi
ngon
ar
ti
cle21oft
he1991Ugandanconst
it
uti
on.
 ManyUgandansar
eagai
nstcapi
talpuni
shment
sbecausei
tisi
rr
ever
sibl
eandf
inalwhi
ch
somet
imesl
eadst
odeat
hofi
nnocentpeopl
e.
 Thepuni
shmentdoesnotgi
vet
hecr
imi
nalanoppor
tuni
tyt
oref
ormy
ett
hemaj
orpur
pose
oft
hepuni
shmentshoul
dber
efor
mingt
hecr
imi
nal
s.
 Chr
ist
iansar
eagai
nstcapi
talpuni
shment
sbecausei
tlooksl
i
kel
egal
i
zedmur
derwhi
chi
s
asi
nint
hesi
ghtofGodwhoonl
yhast
hepowerov
erourl
i
fe. (
Exodus20:
13)
 Humanr
ight
sact
ivi
ti
esar
eagai
nstcapi
talpuni
shmentbecausei
titadegr
adi
ngand
dehumani
zi
ngf
orm ofpuni
shment
swher
eaper
soni
ski
l
ledl
i
keanani
mal
int
heabat
our
.
 I
nmostcasesbyt
het
imeadeat
hsent
encei
spassedandi
mpl
ement
edt
hecr
imi
nal
`
woul
d hav
e ser
ved enough t
ort
ure and pai
nfulexper
iences i
n pr
ison t
hus capi
tal
puni
shmenti
nmostcasesi
sdoubl
epuni
shmentwhi
chi
sungodl
y.
 Chr
ist
iani
tydor
ishespar
doni
ngf
orgi
venesswhi
chi
scent
ral
l
ytocapi
tal
puni
shment
s.
 Somepeopl
ebel
i
evet
hatt
wowr
ongscannotmakeoner
ightt
hing,soki
l
li
ngsomedoes
notr
est
oret
hel
i
feoft
hef
ir
stone,
sor
ehabi
l
itat
ingt
hecr
imi
nal
isbet
ter
.
 Capi
talpuni
shmenti
s di
scour
aged by many Chr
ist
ians and human r
ight
s act
ivi
ti
es
becausei
tdoesnotdet
ectcr
imesf
rom cont
inui
ngi
nthesoci
ety
.
 Chr
ist
ians ar
e cal
l
ed upon t
olov
e each ot
heri
ncl
udi
ng t
hei
renemi
es butcapi
tal
puni
shmenti
sagai
nstt
hegr
eatcommandofl
ovei
nMat
hew22:
36-
40.
 Manypeopl
edonotl
i
kecapi
talpuni
shmentf
ori
tpr
omot
esaspi
ri
tofr
evengebyt
he
r
elat
ivesoft
hev
ict
ims. Forexampl
ewhenSadam Hussei
nfor
merI
raqpr
esi
dentwas
mur
der
edbyAmer
icansont ghtof30th Dec2006,i
heni tspar
kedof
fmor
evi
olenceand
deat
h.
 Chr
ist
iansar
guet
hatsi
nceJesusChr
istwascondemnedasacr
imi
nal
,het
ookawayt
he
si
nofcapi
tal
puni
shment
.
 Jesusabol
i
shedcapi
tal
puni
shmentf
oradul
ter
y(John8:
11)
 St
.Pauli
nhi
slet
tert
otheCor
int
hians(
1Cor5:
1-2)r
ecommendedex-
communi
cat
ionnot
execut
ionoft
hegr
osssexuali
mmor
ali
tyamongt
heChr
ist
iansandt
hiswoul
dgi
vea
si
nnert
imet
oref
orm.
 WhenKi
ngDav
idcommi
tt
edadul
ter
yandmur
derher
epent
edandhewasf
orgi
venbyGod,
soweneedt
ogi
veachancet
ocr
imi
nal
stor
epenthert
hanput
ti
ngt
hem t
odeat
h.
 Chr
ist
iansdonotsuppor
tcapi
talpuni
shment
sbecauseheymi
ghtspar
kof
fci
vi
lwar
sand
cr
eat
inghat
redbet
weent
hegov
ernmentandt
her
elat
ivesoft
heki
l
ledper
son.
 Capi
talpuni
shmentcausespsy
chol
ogi
calt
ort
ureandsuf
fer
ingt
other
elat
ivesandf
ri
ends
oft
hev
ict
ims.
 I
tmakest
hecr
imi
nalf
eelpai
nonl
yatt
het
imeofdeat
hthusi
twoul
dbebet
tert
osubj
ect
t
hecr
imi
nal
tol
i
fet
imei
mpr
isonmentt
hatwoul
dencour
agehi
mtor
epent
.
 Howev
ercapi
tal
puni
shmentmaybeusef
ulbecauseoft
hef
oll
owi
ngf
act
ors;
 Somepeopl
ear
guet
hatmur
der
ersshoul
dbedepr
ivedoft
hei
rri
ghtov
erl
i
fesi
ncet
hey
depr
iveot
her
sthei
rri
ghtt
oli
fe.
 I
thel
pst
oinst
allf
earamong ci
ti
zensand t
her
efor
emai
ntai
nsr
espectt
othest
ate
aut
hor
it
ythusr
educi
ngt
hecr
imer
atei
nthecount
ry.
`
 I
tact
sasawar
ningt
othewoul
dbeof
fender
sofasi
mil
arcr
imewhi
cht
hreat
enst
hem
f
rom commi
tt
ingt
hecr
imes.
 Thesuppor
ter
sofcapi
talpuni
shment
sal
soar
guet
hataccor
dingt
oMoses’
law,
mur
deror
ot
hercr
imecoul
dear
nthecr
imi
naladeat
hpenal
ty(
Lev20:
10-
21,Deut21:
22,1Ki
ngs
18:
40)
 Thest
atehast
hef
reedom t
ochooset
hebestwayt
ohandl
eandmai
ntai
npeacei
nthe
soci
etyandcapi
tal
puni
shmentmaybet
hebestopt
ion.
 Suppor
ter
sofcapi
talpuni
shment
ssayi
tensur
est
hatt
hecommuni
tyi
sconcer
nedabout
t
hesecur
it
yoft
heci
ti
zenst
hroughput
ti
ngt
odeat
hthosewhoar
egr
avecr
imi
nall
i
ke
mur
der
s.
 Capi
talpuni
shmenti
sgoodbecausei
twar
nspol
i
ticaldi
ctat
orst
hatsuchcanhappenal
so
t
othem .Forexampl
ewhenSadam hessei
nwaski
l
ledi
twasawar
ningt
othedi
ctat
orsof
t
hewor
ld.
 Capi
talpuni
shmenti
ssuppor
tedbysomepeopl
efori
tpr
omot
esr
espectf
ort
hel
i
vesof
t
hel
esspr
ivi
l
egedl
i
ket
hepoorandwomenwhoar
ehar
assedbymensexual
l
y.
 I
nthemi
l
itar
ycapi
talpuni
shmenti
ssuppor
tedbecausei
tpr
omot
esdi
sci
pli
neandr
espect
ofchi
l
dren’
sri
ght
s.

EXAMI
NETHECHRI
STI
ANTEACHI
NGONLAW.
Thef
oll
owi
ngshowt
hatl
awi
sper
mit
tedi
nthebi
ble;
 Genesi
s1:
28i
ndi
cat
esGodgi
vi
ngmant
othecommandt
ogopr
oduceandsubduet
he
wor
ld.
 Exodus19and20t
hisi
ndi
cat
est
hati
nthebi
bleGodgav
eIsr
ael
i
tesl
awst
ofol
l
ow.
 Duet5:
31-
33t
eachest
hatl
awsmustber
espect
edi
nmai
ntai
nhar
mony
.
 I
srael
i
teswer
egi
venl
awsont
heki
ndofsacr
if
icest
oof
fert
oGodandal
soani
mal
sand
bi
rdst
oeatandnott
obeeat
enLev
iti
cus.
 Chr
ist
iani
tyt
eachest
hatbot
hmenandwomenar
eequal
bef
oreGod.
 Ezeki
el18:
18-
20t
eachest
hatt
hosewhobr
eakt
hel
awmustbepuni
shed.
 Jesusr
ecogni
zedt
heTenCommandment
sandsummar
izedt
hem i
ntot
wo.Thati
stosay
,
l
ovet
heLor
dyourGodwi
thal
lyourhear
tandal
sol
ovey
ournei
ghbor
sandenemi
es.
 Jesusi
mpr
ovedt
heSabbat
hlawbyt
eachi
ngt
hatt
heSabbat
hwasmadef
ormanandnot
manf
ort
heSabbat
h.
`
 Chr
ist
iani
tyi
nthebookRomans13:
1fft
eachest
hatal
lbel
i
ever
sshoul
dobeyt
hel
aws
wi
thoutquest
ioni
ng.
 I
n Mat
hew 5:
16,i
nthe beat
it
udes Jesus di
d notcome t
o abol
i
sh t
he l
aw butt
o
per
fecti
t.
 Thel
ett
erof1Pet
er2:
13-
17t
eachesChr
ist
ianst
oobser
veci
vi
landcr
imi
nall
awst
hus
showi
nghowl
awsar
eimpor
tanti
nsoci
ety
.
 I
nthebookofAct
s5:
29and4:
19t
eachest
hatwer
ethedev
elopmentl
awcont
radi
ctswi
th
Chr
ist
ianst
eachi
ng. AChr
ist
ianshoul
dobeyGod’
slawr
athert
hangov
ernmentl
aw.
 Chr
ist
iani
tyal
sot
eachest
hatJesusr
espect
edt
hel
aw oft
heJews.Forexampl
ehe
suppor
tedt
hei
ssueofpay
ingt
axest
oCaesart
heRomanr
uler
.
 Chr
ist
iant
eachi
ngi
sthatst
ri
ctobser
vat
ionoft
hel
awcanmakeoner
anawayf
rom God
becausel
awsdoesn’
tbr
ingsal
vat
ion.
 I
nthel
ett
erofPault
otheGal
ati
ans,heal
sot
aughtaboutt
hel
awwher
ehesai
d,t
hel
aw
doesnotputmanr
ightwi
thGodbuti
tst
hroughf
ait
h.

“
THE JUDI
CIARY I
S RESPONSI
BLE FOR THE I
NCREASED CRI
ME RATE I
N UGANDA”
.
DI
SCUSS.
Thej
udi
ciar
yist
hel
awenf
orcementor
ganoft
hecount
ry.
No,t
hej
udi
ciar
yisnotr
esponsi
blef
ort
hei
ncr
easedcr
imer
atei
nUgandabecauseoft
he
f
oll
owi
ngposi
ti
ver
olesi
tpl
ays;
 I
tpuni
shescr
imi
nal
swhohav
ebeenf
oundgui
l
tybysent
enci
ngt
hem t
ojai
l
.
 I
tact
sasamor
alr
efor
mat
orybodyt
othosewhocommi
tcr
imes.
 Judi
ciar
ytr
iest
oachi
evej
ust
icei
nsoci
etywher
evi
olencehasbeen.
 Adv
ises t
he execut
ive on mat
ter
sli
ke appl
yi
ng di
ctat
ori
all
eader
shi
p and or
gani
zi
ng
swear
ingi
ncer
emoni
es.
 I
nter
prett
heconst
it
uti
onal
lawst
opeopl
e.
 Judgesar
bit
rat
es(
conf
li
cts)bet
weeni
ndi
vi
dual
s.
 I
nter
pret
sthel
awst
othepubl
i
candt
ryi
ngt
oteacht
hem ei
theronr
adi
o,orTVsor
newspaper
s.
 I
twar
nssuspect
swhohav
ebeenbr
oughtt
ocour
tnev
ert
oengageagai
ninsuchacase
r
epor
tedt
othem.
 Judi
ciar
ydescr
ibesf
inest
hatcanbegi
venbyt
heof
fendert
otheof
fendedasaf
orm of
`
compensat
ion.
 I
tpr
otect
speopl
e’
sri
ght
sinsoci
etybyseei
ngt
hatt
hel
awi
suphel
d.
 I
thel
psi
ndi
vi
dual
stosucceedpr
oper
tyoft
hedeceasedi
ncaseawi
l
lwaswr
it
tent
hrough
t
hem.

Howev
ert
hej
udi
ciar
ycanbebl
amedf
ort
hei
ncr
easedcr
imer
atei
nUgandabasi
ngont
he
f
oll
owi
ngf
act
ors;
 Somej
udgest
akesi
despol
i
tical
l
ywhi
chi
nci
tesv
iol
ence.Forexampl
ethedeput
ychi
ef
j
ust
iceKav
umapassedadecr
eef
orFDCmember
stost
oppay
ingonTuesday
satt
he
headquar
ter
sasi
twasor
gani
zedaf
t he18thFeb2016pr
ert esi
dent
ial
elect
ions.
 Somel
awy
ersorj
udgesmi
xfr
eel
ywi
thpeopl
einpubl
i
candcr
eat
efr
iendshi
pwhi
ch
makest
hei
rwor
khar
dtoj
udgecaseswhensuchf
ri
endsar
ebr
oughtt
othem hence
endi
ngupj
udgi
ngcasesunf
air
ly.
 Somej
udgeshav
ebeennot
edbr
eaki
ngt
hei
ret
hicalconductbyr
ecei
vi
ngbr
ibesand
accept
ingcor
rupt
ionast
ojudgecasesi
nfav
ouroft
her
ich.
 Somej
udgesar
eunf
airt
hatt
heyr
eleaseddanger
ouscr
imi
nal
sthatt
heycl
aimt
ohav
enot
ev
idencef
orexampl
eJust
iceMuki
biofMasakadi
str
icthadr
eleasedkat
oKaj
ubii
n2010
whohadmast
ermi
ndedJosephKasi
ngea12y
ear
sboy
.
 Somej
udgesar
esocommer
cial
i
zedi
nthatt
heydonothav
eenought
imet
ojudgecases,
t
heykeeppushi
ngt
hem t
ofut
uredat
es.

Howev
er,
otherf
act
orsshoul
dputi
ntoconsi
der
ati
onl
ike;
 Pov
ert
y
 Unempl
oymentl
edt
ocr
imesl
i
ket
hef
t.
 Fami
l
yinst
abi
l
iti
es
 Lackofpar
ent
algui
dance
 I
nfl
uenceofmassmedi
a
 Per
missi
veness
 Gr
eedf
ormoney
 Peergr
oupi
nfl
uence
 Decl
i
nei
ntr
adi
ti
onal
hor
ms
`
Anal
yset
hechal
lengesofachi
evi
ngdemocr
acyi
nAf
ri
ca.
Democr
acyi
sthegov
ernmentoft
hepeopl
efort
hepeopl
ebyt
hepeopl
e.
 Ther
eist
oomuchpov
ert
yinAf
ri
cancount
ri
es.
 SomeAf
ri
canl
eader
sov
erst
ayi
npowerandf
ailt
odeaddemocr
ati
cal
l
yli
keMusev
eniand
Mugabe.
 Thei
nfl
uenceofwest
erncount
ri
essomeoft
hesuppor
tdi
ctat
ori
algov
ernment
.

Di
scusst
hef
act
orst
hatl
edt
oemer
gencyofdi
ctat
ori
alr
egi
mes.
 Decl
i
nei
nrel
i
gionandmor
als
 Gr
eedf
orpol
i
tical
power
 Per
missi
venessi
nsoci
ety
 Pov
ert
y
 Desi
ref
orr
evenge
 I
gnor
anceaboutt
hel
awbyt
hepeopl
e
 Pol
i
tical
riv
alr
y
 Wi
despr
eadcor
rupt
ionbyt
hosei
nleader
shi
p.
 Excessi
vedesi
ref
orqui
ckweal
th
 I
nfl
uenceoft
hear
my
 Lackofpat
ri
oti
sm

Suggestway
sinwhi
chChr
ist
ianscansol
vesuchpr
obl
ems
 Pr
eacht
hegospel
thatl
eader
shi
pcomesf
rom God.
 Shoul
dpr
eacht
hatnoonei
sabov
ethel
aw.
 Shoul
dpr
eachl
oveandf
orgi
venessamongpol
i
tical
leader
s.
 Shoul
dbecont
ent
edandpr
ayt
oGodf
ormor
e.
 Hav
ingaf
orgi
vi
nghear
tandsol
vet
hei
ssuesami
cabl
y.
 Shoul
dencour
agepol
i
tical
leader
stobesi
ncer
eandj
ustt
othel
aw.

HowcanaChr
ist
ianadol
escentkeepher
/hi
msel
fpur
e?
 Resi
sti
ngsexbef
oremar
ri
age.
 Seeki
ngf
orgui
danceandcounsel
i
ngf
rom el
der
sonmat
ter
sofsexnott
omakemi
stakes.
 Engagi
ngi
nconst
ruct
ivel
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esl
i
kej
oini
ngchur
chchoi
r.
`
 Byr
eadi
ngt
hewor
dofGodf
orgui
danceonsexual
pur
it
y.
 Byat
tendi
ngChr
ist
iansemi
nar
swhi
chcanhel
ponet
obest
rongunt
ilmar
ri
age.
 Bypr
ayi
ngconst
ant
ly.
 Bypat
ientandabst
aini
ngf
rom sexbef
oremar
ri
age.
 Byt
ryi
ngt
ohav
esel
fcont
rol
overone’
sbodyasPaul
taught
.
 Choosi
ngr
ight
ful
peergr
oupmember
s.
 Av
oidi
ngst
ayi
ngi
ndar
kpl
aceswi
thnosecur
it
y.
 Byav
oidi
ngr
eadi
ngpor
nogr
aphi
cli
ter
atur
ewhi
chcanent
icesomeonet
oengagei
nsex
.

“
Youar
eadv
isedt
ouseacondom f
orsaf
esex”anAI
Dswor
kersai
dtot
hey
out
hinacer
tai
n
secondar
yschool
. AsaChr
ist
ian,
commentont
headv
iseoft
heAI
Dswor
ker
.
Thei
deaoft
heAI
Dswor
kerwaswr
ongbecause;
 The i
dea woul
d encour
age sexuali
mmor
ali
tyamong st
udent
swher
east
he bookof
Lev
iti
cus18di
scour
agessuchsexual
rel
ati
onshi
ps.
 I
tcanl
eadst
udent
sint
oloosi
ngconcent
rat
ioni
nst
udent
sspr
eadi
ngmucht
imei
nlov
e
maki
ng.
 Thegospel
ofmar
k5:
42di
scour
agesmi
sleadi
ngt
hey
oungi
ntosex.
 AI
Dswor
keri
sset
ti
ngabadexampl
ebef
oret
hey
out
h.
 Becausei
tisagai
nstGod’
scommandpr
ocr
eat
ion.
 They
out
hwi
l
lbecomei
mpat
ientaboutsexy
etl
ovewai
ts.
 Thei
deaoft
heAI
Dswor
keri
sbadbecausei
tencour
agessexbef
oremar
ri
agey
etsexi
s
onl
ytobedonei
nmar
ri
age.
 Thecondom woul
dbet
ooexpensi
vet
othest
udent
sandmayendupi
nvol
vi
ngi
nli
vesex.
 Thei
deaoft
heAI
Dswor
kermaywr
ongl
yencour
agest
udent
swhi
chmayl
eadt
oabor
ti
on.
 Thei
deamayencour
agemanyst
udent
stousecondom andmaycar
elessl
ydi
sposeout
t
heusedonesi
ntoi
l
etswhi
chmaycausedr
ainagebr
eakageanddi
rt
inessofenv
ironment
.
 Maycausey
oungchi
l
drenget
ti
ngaccesst
othem andusi
ngt
hem asbal
l
oons.
 Becausest
udent
sar
erel
i
giousl
yencour
agedt
oabst
ainf
rom sext
il
lmar
ri
age.
 I
tcanl
eadt
omor
espr
eadofHI
V/AI
Dsamongst
udent
sbecauset
heyar
eper
mit
tedt
o
i
nvol
vei
nsexbef
oremar
ri
ageandsomeoft
hem maynotknowhowt
ousecondoms.
 Thei
deapr
epar
esst
udent
stobecomeunf
ait
hful
par
tner
sdur
ingmar
ri
age.
 I
tmakesy
ounggi
rl
stol
oset
hei
rvi
rgi
nit
ybef
oret
her
ightt
ime.
`

Whatshoul
dbet
heChr
ist
ianr
esponset
oAI
Dsv
ict
ims?
AChr
ist
ianshoul
d;
 Encour
aget
hev
ict
im nott
ofeart
he…………….
 Shoul
dassi
stt
heAI
Dsv
ict
im wi
thcl
othi
ng,
washi
ngf
orhi
m orher
.
 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dbeconsci
ousnotbeaf
fect
edt
oandal
sonott
ospr
eadt
hedi
sease.
 Pr
ayf
ort
hev
ict
im andal
soencour
agehi
m/hert
opr
ayf
orhi
m/her
sel
f.
 Encour
aget
hev
ict
imt
oremai
nfai
thf
ulandhopef
ul.
 Of
ferf
oodandhousi
ngi
fpossi
ble.
 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dmaker
esear
chf
ormedi
cat
ion.
 Encour
aget
hev
ict
imt
ogof
ormedi
cat
ionatTASOof
fi
ces.
 Conceal
andconf
ir
mthev
ict
ims.
 Encour
aget
hev
ict
imt
opr
epar
efort
henextl
i
feandr
epent
ingf
ort
hesi
ns.
 Encour
aget
ogof
orpr
ofessi
onal
counsel
i
ng.
 Pr
ovi
deARVsi
fpossi
ble.
 Encour
aget
hev
ict
imt
oli
stent
ogospel
musi
c.
 Encour
aget
hev
ict
imt
ojoi
nthechoi
rtosi
ngf
orGod.

Womenshoul
dnothav
eequaloppor
tuni
ti
eswi
thmen”asast
udentofCRE,di
scust
he
v
ali
dit
yoft
hest
atement
.
 Bot
hmanandwomanwer
ecommandedt
odev
elopt
hewor
ldandguar
dit
.
 Bot
hmenandwomenshoul
dhav
eequal
oppor
tuni
ti
esbecauset
heywer
ecr
eat
edt
oo.
 Bot
hser
vedasl
eader
saccor
dingt
othebi
ble.Forexampl
eDebor
ahr
uledasaj
udgeand
apr
ophetj
ustl
i
keMoses.
 ThebookofLev22:
1fft
eachest
hatj
udgmentwi
l
lbef
orbot
hmenandwomen.
 Menandwomenhav
etobewi
thequaloppor
tuni
ti
esbecauseJesusser
vedbot
hmenand
women.
 Jesusassoci
atedwi
thbot
hmenandwomenJohn4:
1—5.
 WhenGodsav
edt
heI
srael
i
tesf
rom sl
aver
yinEgy
ptEx7.
 Thel
awsgi
vent
oMosesi
nExodus20i
tiswr
ongt
osaymenandwomenar
enotequal
.
 God’
slov
efort
heI
srael
i
teswasf
orbot
hmenandwomenSabbat
hday(
Deut13:
22)
t
her
efor
ewomenshoul
dhav
ecommondut
ieswi
thmen.
`

Howev
eront
heot
hernot
ethebi
blei
ndi
cat
est
hatwomenshoul
dnotbeequalwi
thmen
basi
ngont
hef
oll
owi
ngt
eachi
ngs;
 Bef
oret
hel
awwomenwer
econsi
der
edsecondhand.(
Exodus20:
17)
 Achi
l
dlesswomancoul
dnotr
ejectherhusband’
sunf
ait
hful
nessandmar
ri
aget
oanot
her
woman.
 Womenwer
enotcount
eddur
ingnat
ional
censusev
enatt
het
imeofJesus.
 1pet
er3t
eacheswomenhadt
oal
way
sbesubmi
ssi
veal
lthet
imet
othei
rhusbands.
 1pet
er3al
sot
eacheswomenwer
einf
eri
ort
omenandconsi
der
edt
obeaweakersex
.
 Thegospel
sindi
cat
ethatmostofJesus’
disci
pleswer
emen.
 1Cor
int
hianst
eachest
hatwomenwer
einf
eri
ori
ntheCor
int
hianchur
chdi
dnott
akepar
t
i
nleadi
ngpr
ayer
s,t
hechoi
randmaki
ngsuggest
ionsopenl
yonl
ydonet
hrought
hei
r
husband.
 S.
TPaul
alsot
eachest
hatt
hehusbandi
ssupr
emeov
ert
hewi
fe.(
1Cor
int
hian11:
31)
 ThebookofLev
iti
cus15:
19-
20showsi
nequal
i
tybet
weenmenandwomenasi
tisonl
y
womenwhower
econsi
der
eduncl
ean.
 Deut22:
5showedi
nequal
i
tybet
weenmenandwomeni
nthatwomenwer
enotal
l
owedt
o
putoncl
othesf
ormen.
 Genesi
sunder
minest
hewomenandi
stakenasaweakersexwhowaseasi
l
ytempt
edby
Sat
anl
eadi
ngt
oman’
sdi
sobedi
enceofGod.

ACCOUNTFORTHECHRI
STI
ANAPPROVALOFMOBJUSTI
CE.
Mobj
ust
icei
sthet
ypeofj
ust
icewher
epubl
i
ctakest
hel
awi
nthehands. OR

I
tiswher
eagr
oupofpeopl
epuni
shaper
soni
nthei
rownwaywi
thorwi
thoutf
oll
owi
ngt
he
setr
ulesandr
egul
ati
ons.
Thef
oll
owi
ngar
e;
 I
tisnotl
egal
l
yaccept
ed.
 I
tdoesnotgi
veanoppor
tuni
tyaper
sont
odef
endhi
m/her
sel
f.
 I
tcanl
eadt
odeat
hofi
nnocentpeopl
e.
 Theacti
sinhumanbecausest
ri
ppi
ngsomeonenot
edorf
loggi
nghi
m orheri
sungodl
y.
 I
tisbecauset
hebi
blecondemnsi
tint
hebookofMat
hew7:
1-51whi
chsay
sdonotj
udge.
`
 BecauseJesusabol
i
shedi
taccor
dingt
oJohn8:
1ff
.
 Becausei
tcausesi
nst
abi
l
ityanddi
sor
dert
o………….
fami
l
yyett
hebi
blet
eachespeopl
eto
pr
omot
est
abl
erel
ati
onshi
ps.
 I
tunder
minesone’
sdi
gni
tyy
etwewer
eal
lcr
eat
edi
nGod’
simage.
 Theactcausesshamel
essnessy
ett
hebi
bleencour
agesr
espectofhumanr
ight
s.
 The acti
s uneducat
ive and does notgi
ve a per
son a chance f
orr
ehabi
l
itat
ion as
puni
shment
sshoul
ddo.
 Peopl
etaket
hel
awi
nthei
rhandswhi
chi
sil
l
egal
bef
oreGod.
 Peopl
ewhodoi
tdonotl
ookatt
hecausebutj
ustpuni
shbef
oreanal
yzi
ngy
ett
hebi
ble
encour
agespeopl
etoj
udgeot
her
scr
it
ical
l
ybecausewear
eal
lsi
nner
s.

Suggestsol
uti
onst
otheabov
epr
obl
em.
 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dsensi
ti
zepeopl
eaboutt
hedanger
sofmobj
ust
ice.
 Pol
i
ceshoul
dal
way
sber
eadynott
oki
l
lbutcont
rol
peopl
ewhocar
ryoutmobj
ust
ice.
 Pol
i
ceuni
teshoul
dbepl
acedi
nal
mostal
lpl
acesf
oreasyaccessi
bil
i
tybypeopl
ewho
wantt
orecor
dthei
rcases.
 St
ri
ctl
awsshoul
dbeputi
npl
acet
odeal
wit
hthosewhocar
ryoutmobj
ust
ice.
 Heav
ypuni
shmentshoul
dbegi
vent
othosewhocar
ryoutmobj
ust
icel
i
kei
mpr
isonment
andpay
ingf
ines.
 Cour
tsofl
awsshoul
dbewel
lmanagedt
oreducecasesofcor
rupt
ionwhi
chsomet
imes
l
eadt
omobj
ust
ice.
 Real
i
sti
c puni
shment
sshoul
d be gi
ven t
o cr
imi
nal
s notnecessar
il
yki
l
li
ng t
hem but
r
ehabi
l
itat
ingt
hem.
 Gov
ernmentshoul
dtr
ytof
ighti
dlenessespeci
all
yint
ownsbecauseani
dlemi
ndi
sthe
dev
il
’swor
kshop.
 Rel
i
giousl
eader
sshoul
dpr
ayf
orcr
imi
nal
sandt
hosewhocar
ryoutmobj
ust
icet
ohav
ea
senseofr
econci
l
iat
ion.
 Fundr
aisi
ngcanbecar
ri
edoutt
ohel
pthosewhoar
einneedsoast
heycanav
oidst
eal
i
ng
whi
chcancausemobj
ust
ice.

THECONCEPTOFTHELAW I
NAFRI
CANTRADI
TIONALSOCI
ETY
`
Thought
hel
aw wasn’
tfor
m,i
tindeedexi
stedi
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onsoi
twasofv
erbal
l
y
i
nscr
ibedont
othehear
tsofev
ery
one.
Thef
oll
owi
ngi
nst
ancesshow/
indi
cat
ethatt
hel
awexi
sted;
 Peopl
eInAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyhadbel
i
efi
ntaboos.Thesewer
easer
iesofdosand
don’
tsoraccept
abl
eandunaccept
abl
ebehav
iour
sexpect
edt
obef
oll
owedbyt
hepeopl
e.
Fai
l
uret
oabi
debyt
het
aboocoul
dresul
tint
oapenal
ty. Forexampl
eboy
swer
en’
t
al
l
owedt
omar
rygi
rl
sfr
om t
hesamecl
an,boy
swer
eal
sopr
ohi
bit
edf
rom si
tt
ingont
he
f
ir
est
onescommonl
yknownas“
amasi
ga”andi
ftheydi
d,t
heywer
etol
dtheywoul
d
dev
elopahy
dro-
cel
l“empanama”
.
 Ther
ewer
evi
l
lagecour
ses. Suchst
ruct
ureshandl
ed di
sput
esbet
weeni
ndi
vi
dual
s.
These cour
ts wer
e mai
nlyhandl
ed byel
der
lypeopl
e ofr
easonabl
e exper
ience and
r
esponsi
bil
i
ty. Sot
heydi
sci
pli
nedi
ndi
vi
dual
swhocommi
tt
edcr
imes. AmongSami
a,i
f
t
her
ewasapr
olongeddr
yseason,t
hev
il
lagemember
swoul
dat
tackaper
sonsuspectt
o
bear
ainmakerandcl
obberhi
mforbr
ingi
ngf
ami
net
othev
il
lage.
 Theconceptoft
hel
aw al
soexi
stedt
hrought
hecl
ancour
ses. Thesecour
tshandl
ed
per
sons/
issuest
hatt
hreat
enedt
hesur
viv
aloft
hef
ami
l
yandt
hecl
anatl
arge. For
i
nst
ancei
nTesot
hewomenwhower
eabandonedbyt
hei
rhusbandswoul
dsuet
hem i
n
suchcour
tsbecauseofsexual
l
yandmat
eri
all
yst
arv
ingt
hem. Theywoul
dbef
inedcows
andor
der
edt
oresumeconj
ugal
/mar
it
alobl
i
gat
ions.
 Thel
awI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywasext
endedbyt
heel
der
stot
hey
ounggener
ati
ons.
Theel
der
simpar
tedsoci
alv
aluest
othey
oungonessoast
obr
ingupmor
all
yupr
ight
ci
ti
zens. Fori
nst
anceamongt
heBagandai
ncent
ralUganda,t
hey
oungoneswhet
her
boy
sorgi
rl
swer
etr
ainedt
ogr
eetal
lel
der
swhi
l
ekneel
i
ngf
ail
uret
odosowoul
dresul
t
i
ntoser
iouspuni
shment
.
 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyt
hel
aw wast
aughtbypar
ent
sthemsel
ves. Thesewer
e
mandat
edt
oteacht
hei
rchi
l
drenal
lthecust
omsandnor
msoft
hef
ami
l
y,cl
anandt
he
sur
roundi
ngsoci
etyatl
argesoast
obr
ingupmor
all
yupr
ightci
ti
zens. Fori
nst
ancei
n
Bugi
susoci
etyi
nEast
ernUgandat
hepar
ent
sensur
edt
hatt
hei
rteenagesonsunder
went
/
r
ecei
vedci
rcumci
sionr
it
ual
. Thi
sri
tuali
ndi
cat
edone’
str
ansi
ti
onf
rom chi
l
dhoodt
o
adul
thood.
 I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
ont
hechi
efsal
sohadcour
tsofl
awst
hatensur
edor
derorpeacewas
obser
vedi
nsoci
ety
.Int
hecaseofBugandasoci
etyi
ncent
ralUganda,
incaset
her
ewas
al
andconf
li
ctbet
weennei
ghbour
ingf
ami
l
iesi
twast
hechi
ef“
mut
aka”whohel
pedt
o
`
r
esol
vet
hispr
obl
em.
 Ther
eexi
stedt
hecl
anmeet
ingswhi
chal
sohel
pedt
oresol
vet
hispr
obl
em.
 Ther
eexi
stedt
hecl
anmeet
ingswhi
chal
sohel
ptosor
toutpr
obl
emswi
thi
nsomecl
an
member
s. Acl
ancour
tcoul
dbeor
gani
zedt
osi
tandt
hei
ssuehadt
obesol
vedby
headshi
poft
hecl
anl
eader
. I
nsomecl
ansl
i
ket
hecob“
mamba”cl
an,t
heyagr
eed
t
hrought
hecl
anheadt
hati
twasokayt
omar
rywi
thi
nthecl
anespeci
all
yonef
rom mamba
kakobozat
omar
ryf
rom mambany
unga.
 Thel
aw I
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etywasobser
vedt
hroughki
ng’
swor
ds. Hewast
he
epi
tomeofl
awandor
derandhi
scommandshadt
obeobser
vedst
ri
ctl
y.Hewasusual
l
y
t
hel
astcour
tofappeal
. Fori
nst
ancet
heOmukamaofBuny
orowoul
dof
tenbet
heonet
o
t
rypeopl
esuspect
edofcol
l
abor
ati
ngwi
thhi
sar
chenemi
esl
i
keBuganda. Any
onef
ound
gui
l
twoul
dbesent
encedt
odeat
h.
 Theuncl
esandaunt
swer
echar
gedwi
tht
hedut
yofensur
ingt
hatt
hey
oungr
espect
edt
he
sexual
lawsoft
hesoci
etyandt
hatt
hecher
ishedi
mpor
tantaspect
soft
hei
rsoci
alher
it
age.
Fori
nst
anceamongt
heI
gboofNi
ger
ia,t
heauntensur
edt
hatherni
eceabst
ainedf
rom
sexunt
ilmar
ri
age. I
fshedi
dso,
shewoul
dbest
onedt
odeat
h.
Si
mil
arl
yinBugandaamongt
heBagandat
heaunthadadut
yoft
eachi
ngt
headol
escentgi
rl
herf
utur
eresponsi
bil
i
tiesassomeone’
swi
fet
huswasdonet
hrought
aki
nggi
rl
sforbush
school
lessons.
 Peaceandhar
monywasobser
vedI
nAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyt
hroughemphasi
sthat
ev
ery
bodywast
obeapol
i
cemanoft
heot
herandhadat
askofensur
ingt
hatl
awsand
or
derpr
evai
l
edi
nsoci
ety
. Thoset
hatf
ail
edt
oabi
debyt
hesetl
awwer
epuni
shed. For
i
nst
anceamongt
heGal
l
aason-
in-
law wasf
orbi
ddenf
rom ment
ioni
ngt
henameofhi
s
mot
her
-i
n-l
aworeat
ingf
oodpr
epar
edbyher
.

THERELATI
ONSHI
PBETWEENTHELAW ANDMORALI
TY
Thet
erm mor
ali
tymeanshav
inggoodbehav
iorasdef
inedbyt
hechur
chl
aw cust
omsor
f
oll
owi
ngt
hest
ateor
der
.
Thel
awandmor
ali
tyhav
etoagr
eat
erex
tentabi
gli
nk/r
elat
ionshi
pasnot
edbel
ow;
 Thel
awsgov
erni
ngapar
ti
cul
arsoci
etyausual
l
yint
endedt
oenf
orcemor
alv
aluest
othe
peopl
e. Sowhoev
err
espect
sthel
awsoft
hest
atei
saut
omat
ical
l
ybel
i
evedt
obemor
all
y
upr
ight
. Fori
nst
ancet
hel
awpr
ohi
bit
sact
sli
kecheat
ing,
bri
ber
y,cor
rupt
ion,
for
ger
yand
`
pr
ost
it
uti
on. Soany
onewhoobey
ssuchl
awsi
ssai
dtobemor
al.
 Bot
hthel
aw andmor
ali
tydef
inewhati
sgoodandwhati
sbad. Ther
efor
ewhati
s
accept
edbyt
hel
aw i
sal
soaccept
edbymor
ali
tyandt
her
ever
sei
str
ue. Fori
nst
ance
womenwhowearmi
niski
rt
sandkundishowsar
eof
tencondemnedasi
ndecentcl
othi
ng
bymor
ali
stsandev
ent
hel
aw def
inest
hem asbei
ngi
dleanddi
sor
der
lyandcanbe
penal
i
zed.
 Bot
hthel
aw andmor
ali
tyhav
esomeai
m. Theyai
m atcr
eat
ingor
derst
abi
l
ityand
har
monyi
nsoci
ety
. Lawsar
eputi
npl
acet
ocr
eat
eor
derandsoci
alhar
mony
,ofsuch
har
monyexi
sts,
thent
her
eismor
ali
tyi
nthesoci
ety
.
 I
nsoci
eti
eswher
ether
eisahi
ghsenseofmor
ali
typeopl
epr
oper
lyl
i
vingbyt
heexpect
ed
st
andar
ds,
ther
eisnoneedt
oputupst
ri
ctl
aws. Fori
nst
ancei
nmonast
eri
esi
tshar
dto
f
indt
her
elawspr
ohi
bit
ingsexuali
mmor
ali
ti
esbecauseaut
omat
ical
l
yknownt
hatpr
iest
s
ornunsdonotmar
ry.
 Thel
awsoft
hecount
ryusual
l
yref
lectpeopl
e’
swi
shes,aspi
rat
ionsandcul
tur
alv
alues.
Sot
heseconst
it
utemor
ali
ty.Fori
nst
ancei
nUgandat
hel
awspr
ohi
bitsexuali
mmor
ali
ti
es
l
i
kepr
ost
it
uti
on,homosexual
i
ty,l
esbi
ani
sm andadul
ter
y.Thosecaughtengagi
ngi
nthem
maybebyl
awpenal
i
zed.

Howev
ert
oasmal
lerext
ent
,mor
ali
tyandl
awmayconf
li
cti
nthef
oll
owi
ngway
s;
 Thel
aw maypr
otectwhati
ssoci
all
yunaccept
abl
eandi
mmor
al. Fori
nst
ancei
nthe
Uni
tedSt
atesofAmer
ica,sexuali
mmor
ali
tyl
i
keabor
ti
onandpr
ost
it
uti
onar
elegal
l
y
accept
ed. Thi
sishowev
erconsi
der
edunaccept
abl
eandi
mmor
albyt
hemor
ali
sts.
 Somel
awsdonotecho/r
efl
ectpeopl
e’
saspi
rat
ionsandwi
shesbutr
efl
ectonl
ythe
wi
shesoft
hosei
npower
. Suchl
awsar
eoppr
essi
veandsuppr
essi
veandsonoti
nli
ne
wi
thmor
ali
ty. Fori
nst
ancei
nUgandat
heopposi
ti
onpol
i
tici
ansar
enotal
l
owedt
ohol
d
r
all
i
esbef
orenot
if
yingt
hepol
i
cest
ati
oni
nthenear
byl
ocal
i
ty.
 Thel
awandmor
ali
tysomet
imesconf
li
cti
nthatt
hel
awatt
imesdecl
aressomet
hingsas
badandunaccept
abl
e. Forexampl
eint
heAf
ghani
stanwomendoct
orsandnur
seswer
e
pr
ohi
bit
edf
rom pr
act
ici
ngmedi
cineandonl
yrequi
redbyl
awt
obeathomecar
ingf
ort
hei
r
husbands. Si
mil
arl
yint
heAr
abwor
ldi
tsbyor
dert
hatwomenhav
etov
eilt
hemsel
ves
whenmov
ingi
npubl
i
c.
 Theway
ssomet
imesusedt
oenf
orcet
hel
awsar
ehar
shwhi
chmakessomepeopl
e
becomer
ebel
l
iousandbehav
eimmor
all
y. Fori
nst
ancet
heKCCAl
awsov
erpay
mentof
`
t
axesbyt
axdr
iver
shasr
esul
tedi
ntosev
eral
riot
sinKampal
a.

THEROLEOFTHESTATEI
NACHI
EVI
NGTHEAI
MSOFPUNI
SHMENTS
Thest
atehast
opl
ayav
ital
rol
einachi
evi
ngt
heobj
ect
ivesorai
msofpuni
shi
ngcr
imi
nal
.
 Thest
atei
ssupposedt
ocar
ryouti
mmedi
atear
rest
soft
hesuspect
sonceacr
imehas
beenr
epor
ted. Oncet
hest
ateuni
tthepol
i
cedoesso,t
hev
ict
imsmaynotf
acemob
j
ust
ice. Forexampl
efor
merVi
cepr
esi
dentofUgandaHonour
abl
eGi
l
ber
tBukeny
awas
ar
rest
edandj
ail
edt
ri
edi
ncour
tsofl
awbecauseofmi
susi
ngCHOGHM 2007f
unds.
 Thest
atehast
ocar
ryoutcl
eari
nvest
igat
ionst
ocol
l
ectsubst
ant
ialev
idenceagai
nstt
he
suspect
ssoast
opayf
orf
inef
ort
hecr
imecommi
tt
ed. Fori
nst
ancet
hest
atesent
f
orensi
cexper
tst
oKanungut
ocol
l
ectev
idencet
orel
yonf
orpr
osecut
ionofJoseph
Ki
bwet
erewhomassi
vel
ymur
der
edov
er1000f
oll
ower
sin2000.
 Thest
atei
smandat
edwi
thadut
yofor
gani
zi
ngpr
osecut
ionchar
gesupon. Fori
nst
ance
Ri
char
dAr
inai
tweaknownser
ialki
l
lerwaschar
gedwi
thsev
eralcour
tsofmur
derand
at
tempt
ingt
ost
rangl
eahi
ghcour
tjudgewhot
ri
edhi
m. Ev
enChandiJamwawas
pr
osecut
edi
ncour
tsofl
awbecauseofmi
sappr
opr
iat
ingNSSFf
unds.
 Thest
ateal
way
sendeav
our
sto ensur
ethesuspecti
sgi
ven af
airt
ri
aland t
hata
mi
scar
ri
ageofj
ust
icedoesnotoccur
.Inot
herwor
dst
hesuspectshoul
dbepenal
i
zedi
n
accor
dancet
othel
aw.
 Thest
atepl
aysar
oleofsent
enci
ngacr
imi
nalt
othehar
shestpuni
shmenti
fhei
sahar
d
cor
e cr
imi
naland a r
epeat
ed of
fenderespeci
all
ythose conv
ict
ed oft
reason. For
i
nst
ance t
he gov
ernmentofUganda conv
ict
ed col
onelBesi
gye atLuzi
ra pr
ison f
or
somet
imeonchar
gesoft
reason. Ev
eni
nRwandaper
pet
uat
orsoft
he1994genoci
de
wer
esev
erel
ytr
ied.
 Att
imes,t
hest
atet
akeskeywi
tnessest
opr
otect
ioncount
ersf
orpr
otect
ivecust
odyso
t
hatwi
tht
hei
rassi
stancet
heymaysmasht
hecr
imi
nalgangsandr
idsoci
etyofsuch
cr
imi
nal
s. Fori
nst
ancet
heUni
tedSt
ateswher
everany
bodyagr
eest
otest
if
yini
ts
def
enseagai
nstdr
ugt
raf
fi
cker
sort
err
ori
stscel
l
sint
hecount
ry,
alway
stakest
hem away
t
ounknowndest
inat
ions(
saf
ehouses)f
orpr
otect
ivecust
ody
.
 Thest
ateuponconv
ict
ingt
hesuspectt
akesi
nthepl
acedut
yofi
mpr
isonmentsuch
peopl
e conv
ict
ed ar
ejai
l
ed atLuz
ira pr
ison,Ki
go pr
ison oratNal
ufeeny
a cr
imi
nal
s
ar
rest
edbyoper
ati
onwembl
ypol
i
cesquad.
`
 Theul
ti
mat
eai
m ofpuni
shment.Thati
stosay
,forr
efor
mat
ionort
ransf
ormat
ionoft
he
cr
imi
nal
sbackt
oal
awsabi
dingci
ti
zen. I
nsomecasest
hest
ater
ehabi
l
itat
est
he
cr
imi
nal
sbygi
vi
ngt
hem l
i
feski
l
lsf
reeofchar
get
rai
ning. Forexampl
eatl
uzi
rapr
ison
somecr
imi
nal
sar
etaughtmoder
n car
pent
ryt
ail
ori
ng and gener
alsecondar
yschool
educat
ionski
l
ls.
 Cr
imi
nal
sconf
inedi
nsol
i
tar
ypl
ace(
jai
l
s)i
nmanycount
ri
esarsomet
imest
aughtt
hel
aws
sot
hatwhent
heycomeout
,theycanbel
awabi
dingci
ti
zens. Forexampl
ewhenf
ormer
may
ororKampal
aSsebagal
aNasserNt
egewasar
rest
edi
nBost
ononf
orger
yofdol
l
ars,
hewast
aughtt
hingsl
i
kei
ntr
oduct
iont
oEngl
i
sh,comput
erappl
i
cat
ionsandaspect
sof
t
heUSl
aw.
 Thest
atecar
iesoutmoni
tor
ingofcr
imi
nal
stoassesst
hedegr
eeoft
hei
rrehabi
l
itat
ion
andt
ost
opt
hem f
rom bei
ngl
ynchedbyt
hecommonman. Forexampl
eaf
terr
eleasi
ng
col
onelNasserf
rom j
ail
,thest
atekeptaney
eonhi
mtopr
eventmobj
ust
iceandseet
hat
her
eal
l
yref
ormed.
 Thest
atecar
iesoutpubl
i
csensi
ti
zat
ionoft
hepeopl
eint
roubl
ear
east
oreducet
ensi
on
andpr
eventanyot
herr
iot
sforexampl
ewhenr
iot
socur
edi
nKasesei
n2016l
edby
Omusi
nga,hewasar
rest
edandj
ail
edi
nJi
njaandt
hent
hegov
ernmentUPDFt
ookov
er
cont
rol
oft
hear
ea.
 I
nKy
enj
ojo,
Hoi
maandMasi
ndi
dist
ri
ctst
hepol
i
cet
ookcont
rol
oft
hear
easoast
oreduce
t
ensi
onbet
weent
heBany
oroandBaki
gaov
erl
andconf
li
cts.
 Thest
ateensur
essecur
it
ybet
weent
heof
fenderandt
heof
fended. I
tdoest
hist
hrough
i
sol
ati
onofhar
dcor
ecr
imi
nal
sfr
om mi
xi
ngf
reel
ywi
thpet
tycr
imi
nal
s. Forexampl
e
Luzi
ramaxi
mum pr
isont
hecondemnedpr
isoner
sar
epr
ohi
bit
edf
rom associ
ati
ngf
reel
y
wi
thot
heri
nmat
esandhav
eacaget
osepar
atet
hem per
manent
ly.
 Thest
atei
ndev
elopedsoci
eti
essomet
imesconv
ictt
hecr
imi
nalsent
encet
oar
educed
per
iodofpr
isonsent
ence. I
fthecr
imi
nalshowssi
gnsofr
efor
mat
iont
heymaybe
condi
ti
onal
l
ysetf
reef
orexampl
epr
esi
dentY.
K.M ofUgandar
eleasedbr
igadi
erMosesAl
i
t
houghhehadbeeni
mpr
isonedont
reasonchar
ges.

COMMONWAYSOFEXECUTI
ON
Puni
shi
ngcr
imi
nal
stakest
hef
oll
owi
ngway
s;
 Hangi
ngi
soneoft
hemet
hodsusedt
oconv
ictcr
imi
nal
s. I
nthi
scaset
hev
ict
imi
sputt
o
deat
hbyhangi
ngont
henoosebyt
hegal
l
ows. I
tiscommoni
nU.
S.AandAr
abst
atesl
i
ke
`
Af
ghani
stan. I
twasusedbyU.
S.At
oki
l
lBi
nLaden.
Let
hali
nfect
ioni
sacommonmet
hodofexecut
ingcr
imi
nal
sinUni
tedSt
ates.Thecr
imi
nali
s
putt
odeat
hbyi
nject
inghi
m/herwi
thpoi
sonoussubst
ancewhi
chev
ent
ual
l
yput
svi
cti
mto
deat
h.
 Fi
ri
ngsquadi
sal
sousedasamet
hodofexecut
ingcr
imi
nal
s.Thev
ict
imi
sputt
odeat
hby
shoot
ingbul
l
etst
ohi
m/her
.Itwascommoni
nUgandadur
ingI
diAmi
n’
sregi
meal
though
ev
eni
nthi
srei
gnofpr
esi
dentYKM i
thasbeenexer
cisedespeci
all
ycar
ri
edoutbyt
he
Wembl
ysquadwhi
chf
ight
sser
ial
cri
minal
s.
 El
ect
rocut
ioni
sanot
hermet
hodusedt
oex
ecut
ecr
imi
nal
s. I
nthi
scaset
hev
ict
imi
s
f
orcedt
osi
tonanel
ect
roni
chai
r. Hi
sfeetandar
msar
est
rappedandav
eryhi
ghpower
v
olt
agei
sunl
eashedandt
heni
tki
l
lst
hecr
imi
nal
inst
ant
ly.
 Av
ict
im maybeexecut
edbyt
hemet
hodofbeheadi
ng. I
not
herwor
dst
hehead/necki
s
hackedof
f. Thev
ict
imsheadi
slat
eral
l
ycutof
fusi
ngashar
pinst
rumentl
i
keMachat
eor
swor
d.
 Gr
assi
ngt
houghnotcommon,i
syetanot
hermet
hodusedt
oexecut
ecr
imi
nal
s. A
per
soni
sencl
osed/conf
inedi
ntoar
oom t
henapoi
sonousgasi
sfl
ashedt
ohi
m/hersuch
gasl
i
keVxner
vegasandcy
ani
dei
sused.
 Someut
il
it
iesexecut
evi
cti
mst
hroughsendi
ngf
ier
ceani
mal
sthathav
ebeenst
arv
edsuch
asal
i
on,
leopar
d,cr
ocodi
l
eandal
l
igat
or. Thev
ict
imi
sfor
cedt
ofi
ghtt
heseani
mal
sunt
il
i
nmostcasest
hev
ict
imi
ski
l
led. I
twasmor
ecommoni
ntheanci
entRomanempi
re.
 Mar
ronmenti
susedt
oexecut
evi
cti
ms. He/
shei
sputt
odeat
hbybei
ngabandonedi
na
st
rangepl
acel
i
keaf
orestanddeser
tthent
hev
ict
imi
slef
ttost
arv
etodeat
h.
 I
nsomecasespuni
shmentofav
ict
imt
akest
hef
orm ofdr
owni
ngt
hecul
pri
tint
odeep
wat
erwher
ehe/
shedi
esofsuf
focat
ion. Thi
swascommonwi
tht
heBaki
gai
nAf
ri
can
t
radi
ti
onwhenpuni
shi
ngagi
rlwhoengagedi
nfor
nicat
ion. Shewoul
dbepushedt
oRi
ver
Rwi
zi
.
 Suf
focat
ioni
samet
hodusedt
oexecut
ecr
imi
nal
s. Her
eav
ict
imi
sconf
inedi
nsome
pl
acewher
eal
loxy
geni
ssackedoutandt
henmor
ecabor
ndi
oxi
dei
spumpedi
ntosucha
r
oom andev
ent
ual
l
yhedi
edi
nst
ant
ly.
 Wal
lcr
ushi
ngi
samet
hodusedt
oexecut
evi
cti
ms. Thev
ict
imi
spl
acedbehi
ndawal
l
whi
chi
sthencr
ushed–t
orndownbyabul
ldozer
. I
twasusedi
nAf
ghani
stanbyt
he
Tal
i
bant
odest
royhomosexual
s.
 St
oni
ngav
ict
imt
odeat
hisal
soacommonmet
hodusedbypeopl
e. I
tissi
mil
art
omob
`
j
ust
ice. Howev
eri
tisst
il
lcommoni
nAr
abst
ateswhof
oll
owst
heShar
ial
awf
orexampl
e
Saudi
Arabi
aandNi
ger
iaandAf
ghani
stan.

CHRI
STI
ANPOSI
TIONONMOBJUSTI
CE
Lar
gel
yChr
ist
iani
ty/t
hechur
chdoesnotsuppor
ttheactofmobj
ust
icebecauseoft
he
f
oll
owi
ngr
easons;
 ToChr
ist
iansmobj
ust
icei
sbadasi
t’
sasi
gnofcr
uel
ty,
brut
ali
ty,
inhumanandgener
all
ya
si
gnofmi
suseofpower
. Ev
enourLor
dJesuscl
ear
lycondemnedi
nthei
nst
ancewher
e
hesav
edt
hewomancaughti
nadul
ter
yfr
om bei
ngst
onedt
odeat
hast
hei
rlaw st
ated
(
John:
1-11)
 I
ntheChr
ist
iansensemobj
ust
icei
scondemnedbecausei
tindi
cat
esl
ackofl
oveand
ki
ndnesst
oourdearbr
other
sandsi
ster
syetChr
ist
iani
tycent
ersont
hespi
ri
tofl
ovef
or
oneanot
herasPaul……………hi
slet
tert
otheCor
int
hianst
eachest
hatl
ovei
spat
ientand
ki
ndwhi
chi
snotexhi
bit
edt
hroughmobj
ust
ice(
1Cor13)
 Theactofmobj
ust
icei
swr
ongi
ntheChr
ist
iansensesi
ncei
tlacksr
espectf
ort
hedi
gni
ty
andsanct
it
yofhumanl
i
feasi
tinv
olv
est
ort
uri
ngoft
hesuspect
/vi
cti
m. Thebi
ble
t
eachesmanwascr
eat
edi
nthei
mageofGod(
Gen1:
26)andsoshoul
dpr
eser
vei
t.
 TheChr
ist
ianposi
ti
ononmobj
ust
icei
sthati
tisn’
tsuppor
tedsi
ncesomet
imest
heacti
s
admi
nist
eredt
oinnocentpeopl
e. Thi
shasbeennot
edi
nmanyt
ownar
easl
i
keKampal
a
wher
esuspect
sar
eatt
imesundr
essed. Manyt
imesmot
orcy
cli
stshav
eal
soki
l
led
suspect
sofki
l
li
ngt
hei
rcomr
adeswhohi
ret
henandl
aterar
eki
l
led.
 Chr
ist
iansdonotagr
eewi
thmobj
ust
icebecausei
tsani
l
legalwayofpuni
shi
ngv
ict
ims.I
n
f
actmanyt
imesev
eni
fthev
ict
im wasaser
ialcr
imi
nalsuspect
swhomayhav
eki
l
ledhi
m
r
arear
rest
edandt
ri
edbyl
aw. Thi
sisoner
easonast
owhyt
hepol
i
cehasal
way
sbeen
onhi
ghal
ertf
orcl
ashesl
i
kebet
weenBany
oroandBaki he11thNov2016cl
gaandt ashes
i
nkasesewher
eov
er100peopl
eki
l
led(
Char
lesWezi
reMumber
ecl
ashes)
 I
nmostcasesmobj
ust
icer
esul
tsi
ntomur
derwhi
cht
oChr
ist
iansi
sasi
nbef
oreGodt
hat
i
swhymanyChr
ist
ianscondemni
t.I
tsbi
bli
cal
l
ywr
it
tent
hatany
onewhospi
l
lst
hebl
ood
ofaper
soncr
eat
edi
nGod’
simageshoul
dhi
msel
fbedeal
twi
thequal
.(Gen9:
6)
 Mobj
ust
icet
oChr
ist
iansi
scondemnedbecausei
tshowst
hef
ail
ureoft
hesoci
etyt
oit
s
dut
ies.Theel
der
swhoar
ebi
bli
cal
l
ycommandedt
otakecar
eoft
hef
lockar
efai
l
ingt
o
pl
ayt
hei
rrol
easst
ipul
atedi
nPaul
’
slet
tert
otheEphesi
ans6:
4or1Pet
er5.
 Theactofmobj
ust
icei
scondemnedbi
bli
cal
l
ybecausei
tshowsmancapt
uri
nggod’
s
`
power
.Chr
ist
iansknowt
hati
tisonl
yGodwhohast
her
ightov
erone’
sli
feanddeat
h.
 TheChr
ist
ianssuppor
tthei
deaofgui
danceandcounsel
i
ngot
hert
hanact
ingwi
thanger
.
I
tst
ruesomepeopl
ecommi
tmobj
ust
iceunderi
nfl
uenceofdr
ugs. Butcounsel
i
ngt
hem
i
sabet
tersol
uti
on.
 Chr
ist
iansar
eagai
nstt
heactofmobj
ust
icebecauset
hesuspecti
sdeni
edaf
airt
ri
ali
n
cour
tsofl
awasexpect
ed. ThebookofAct
s25:
16cal
l
sforonet
ohav
esel
fdef
ensei
f
conv
ict
ed.
 Chr
ist
iansdonotagr
eewi
thmobj
ust
icebecauset
wowr
ongscannotmakeonecor
rect
t
hing. Soi
foneki
l
ledy
ourmemberandy
our
eci
tebyki
l
li
nghi
mtoo,st
il
litdoesnot
r
est
oret
hel
i
feofy
ourmemberi
nst
eadt
her
eshoul
dbeasi
gnoff
orgi
venessot
hert
han
r
evengef
ulmi
nds.
 Mobj
ust
icei
scondemnedbyChr
ist
iansbecausei
tsomet
imescausesmor
eri
otsbet
ween
t
hesi
deoft
heof
fendedandt
hosewhocar
ryoutmobj
ust
ice. Thi
sgener
all
yhappens
bet
weendi
ff
erentr
eli
gionsort
ri
besorbet
weent
wocompet
ingschool
s.
 Chr
ist
iansar
eagai
nstmobj
ust
icebecausei
tunder
minest
hewor
koft
hepol
i
ceuni
tand
j
udi
ciar
ywhi
chhav
etowor
khandi
nhandt
oimpl
ementt
hel
aw. I
nthebookofRomans
13Paul
clear
lycal
l
sforr
espectf
orci
vi
ll
eader
shi
pbecausei
tdr
ivesi
tspowerf
rom God.
 Theposi
ti
onofChr
ist
iansov
ermobj
ust
icei
snobecauseGodi
souronl
yjudge.Hehas
nev
erassi
gnedanyot
herper
sont
ojudgeonhi
sbehal
f. SoChr
ist
iansshoul
dsuggest
t
hatbel
i
ever
sshoul
dfol
l
owt
het
eachi
ngsofJamesi
nhi
slet
ter4:
11-
12whi
chsay
sthat
y
oushoul
dnotj
udgeot
her
ssoasy
out
oomaynotbej
udged. Ev
enSt
.Paulr
efr
ained
Cor
int
hiansf
rom j
udgi
ngoneanot
her
.

DI
CTATORSHI
P
Thi
sref
erst
oasi
tuat
ioni
nwhi
cht
hel
eaderdoesnotexer
cisehi
s/herpoweri
nsucha
mannert
hatdoesnotr
efl
ectconst
it
uti
onalpr
ovi
sions/ t
hewi
l
loft
hepeopl
einst
eadt
he
l
eaderj
udgesi
ssuesbyuseoff
orceorusi
ngundemocr
ati
cmeasur
es.

ACCOUNTFORTHERI
SEOFDI
CTATORI
ALREGI
MESCOMMONI
NAFRI
CANSTATES
 Tr
ibal
i
sm andst
ronghat
redf
orpeopl
efr
om ot
hert
ri
bes. Thi
sspi
ri
tkeptt
heTut
si
mi
nor
it
yunwi
l
li
ngt
ohandov
erpowert
othei
rar
ch-
enemi
est
heHut
u. Thi
sresul
tedi
nto
t
he1990–1994Rwandagenoci
de.
 Longst
ayi
npowerul
ti
mat
elymakessomepeopl
edi
ctat
ors. Ast
hewhi
temansay
sthat
`
powercor
rupt
sandabsol
utepowercor
rupt
sabsol
utel
y. Fori
nst
ancef
orpr
esi
dentof
Zi
mbabweRober
tMugabehadbecomeadi
ctat
orbecauseofov
erst
ayi
ngi
npowerf
or
ov
er35 y
ear
s.Howev
erby13/
11/
2017.He wasmi
l
itar
il
yov
ert
hrown byt
he ar
my
commandofGener
alMunangwa.
 Hi
ghgr
eedf
ormoney(
klept
omani
a)i
soneot
hercauseofdi
ctat
orshi
p. Somer
uler
s
wantt
oamassasmuchweal
thaspossi
bleusi
ngev
endubi
ousway
s. Fori
nst
ancet
he
l
atef
ormerpr
esi
dentofCongoZai
reMobut
oSsesesekol
edf
ormanydecades. Act
ual
l
y
att
het
imeofhi
sdeat
h,hi
sweal
thwasgr
eat
ert
hant
hatofhi
scount
ry.
 Manyl
eader
shav
ebecomedi
ctat
orsbecauset
heymani
pul
atet
hear
myt
odef
endand
sust
aint
hemsel
vesi
npowerf
orl
ong. Thi
shappenedcl
ear
lywi
tht
hef
ormerpr
esi
dentof
UgandaGen.I
diAmi
n(1971-
79)whohadahi
ghsuppor
toft
hear
my.I
thasbecomet
he
samecasewi
thl
eader
sli
keY.
K.Mt
hepr
esi
dentofUgandaandGener
alPaulKagamet
he
pr
esi
dentofRwanda. Becauset
hear
mysuppor
tedt
hem,t
heyhav
etur
nedoutt
obe
di
ctat
ors.
 Somepeopl
ebecomedi
ctat
orsbecauseoft
oomuchsel
fconf
idence.Somebel
i
evei
ts
t
hei
rGodgi
vent
askt
orul
eot
her
sthewayt
heywant
. For
merpr
esi
dentofZi
mbabwe
Rober
tMugabehadbecomet
oool
datt
heageof90y
ear
stor
emai
nrul
i
ngt
hecount
ry
hav
ingt
oomuchsel
fconf
idenceandev
enshar
inghi
spr
esi
dent
ialpower
swi
thhi
swi
fe.
Howev
erby23/
11/
2017hi
sownar
mycommandedbyGener
alMnangagwaov
ert
hrew
hi
minagent
leman’
scoupt
hati
nvol
vednobl
oodshedatal
l
.
 Weakopposi
ti
on t
owar
dst
her
uli
ng gov
ernmenti
sanot
hermaj
orcauseofgr
owi
ng
di
ctat
ori
alr
egi
mesi
nAf
ri
ca. Theopposi
ti
onpar
ti
est
endt
obedi
vi
dedupbyhav
ingt
hei
r
ownsel
fi
shi
nter
est
swhi
chmakesi
thar
dtof
orm aj
ointopposi
ti
onf
orum. Fori
nst
ance
DP and FDC andCP al
lhav
eint
ernalsquabbl
esand f
act
ionswhi
cht
heNRMO has
capi
tal
i
zedont
ocl
i
ngonpowerf
orov
er30y
ear
s.
 Att
imespeopl
ebecomedi
ctat
orsf
orf
earofl
eav
ingpowerandf
aci
ngpr
osecut
ionsf
or
t
hecr
imest
heycommi
tt
edi
npower
. Soev
enwhent
hei
rter
nofof
fi
ceexpi
res,t
hey
dev
isemeansofext
endi
ngt
hei
rter
m ofof
fi
ceei
therconst
it
uti
onal
l
yorbyuseoff
orce
t
hrought
hear
my. Thi
sst
ateofaf
fai
rhasbeenexempl
i
fiedi
nUgandat
hrought
heNRMO
gov
ernment
. JosephKabi
raofCongohasal
soext
endedhi
ster
m ofof
fi
cef
ort
hesame
f
ear
.
 Theexi
stenceofci
vi
lwar
sint
hecount
rysomet
imescausesdi
ctat
orshi
p. Pr
esi
dent
suse
r
uthl
essmeanst
o st
ayi
n power
. Fori
nst
ancePr
esi
dentRober
tTay
lorofLi
ber
ia
`
besi
egedbyr
ebel
sst
art
edusi
ngar
bit
rar
yar
rest
swi
thoutt
ri
alandput
ti
ngupv
ari
ous
cur
fews. Thepr
esi
dentofSudanBashi
rhasal
socl
i
ngedonpowerusi
ngt
hesame
appr
oach.
 Di
ctat
orsnor
mal
l
yemanat
efr
om undemocr
ati
cel
ect
ions,
inot
herwor
dsr
iggi
ngel
ect
ions
suchl
eader
skeept
hemsel
vesi
npowerbyuseofcr
uel
,ar
bit
rar
yar
restandt
ort
ureofal
t
hosewhocomeupt
oopposeel
ect
ionr
esul
ts. I
nthi
scasef
ormerFDCpr
esi
dentand
pr
esi
dent
ialcont
endersi
nce2001Col
onelKi
i
zaBesi
gyeKi
fef
ehasbeenar
rest
edsev
eral
t
imesandt
ri
edi
ncour
tsf
ort
ryi
ngt
oleaddemonst
rat
ionr
eject
ingPr
esi
dentY.Musev
eni
’
s
el
ect
ionsr
esul
tsl
i
ket
hoseof2016.
 Att
imessomel
eader
sbecomedi
ctat
orsbecauset
heyl
ackgoodadv
iser
. I
nst
eadof
t
ell
i
ngf
act
stheseadv
isor
ssi
ngpr
aisest
othel
eaderev
eni
fhe/
shei
sinwr
ong. For
i
nst
ancel
ateSadam Hussei
n’
s(I
raq)i
nfl
uent
ialadv
isor
swer
ehi
stwosonsandcousi
n
“
Chemi
cal
Ali
”whomi
sadv
isedhi
mleadi
ngt
ohi
sengagementi
ntohi
sgui
l
lot
ine.
 Mi
sint
erpr
etat
ionofr
eli
gioust
eachi
ngshasl
edt
othegr
owt
hofdi
ctat
ori
alr
egi
mesi
nthe
wor
ldt
oday
. Suchl
eader
swi
thnor
eli
giousv
irt
uesendupappl
yi
ngcr
uelandt
err
oract
s
t
oal
lthei
ropponent
s. Thi
sst
yleofdi
ctat
orshi
pismor
ecommoni
nIsl
ami
cst
ateswher
e
Shar
ial
awi
smor
eexer
cised.
 ManyAf
ri
canpr
esi
dent
sar
edi
ctat
orsbecauset
heycl
i
ngt
opowert
hroughmi
l
itar
ymeans.
Soev
enwhent
heypr
etendt
oputupdemocr
ati
cel
ect
ions,t
heyuseal
lmeanspossi
ble
l
i
ker
iggi
ngel
ect
ionst
hrought
heel
ect
oralcommi
ssi
ont
oremai
ninpower
. Thi
shas
beennot
edi
ncount
ri
esl
i
keUgandaandRwanda. JosephKabi
rai
nCongowassupposed
t
oor
gani
zeel
ect
ionsi
n2016–ext
ended2019.Theef
fectoft
heEast
-West(
col
dwar
pol
i
tics)hascont
inuedt
opr
omot
edi
ctat
orshi
p. Somel
eader
sst
ickt
opowerbecause
t
heyexpectf
avour
smi
l
itar
il
yfr
om t
heal
l
iedpower
. Fori
nst
ance,
hist
ori
cal
l
yFi
delCast
ro
ofCubawassust
ainedi
npowerbyt
hecommuni
stst
atesl
i
keCuba,Russi
a,Chi
naand
Nor
thKor
ea.

CHRI
STI
ANRESPONSETODI
CTATORSHI
P
I
nast
ateofdi
ctat
orshi
p,aChr
ist
iani
sadv
isedt
odot
hef
oll
owi
ng;
 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dcar
ryoutconst
antpr
ayer
ssot
hatGodmaysof
tent
hei
rhear
tsand
gui
det
hem ont
hef
orm ofl
eader
shi
p.Fori
nst
anceAr
chbi
shopDesmondTut
uusedt
ocal
l
t
henat
iont
opr
ayer
stobr
inganendt
oapar
thei
dregi
mei
nSout
hAf
ri
ca. TheUganda
j
ointChr
ist
ian counci
lhas al
so been not
ed sev
eralt
imes speaki
ng agai
nstsome
`
di
ctat
ori
algov
ernmentt
endenci
esl
i
ket
he2017agel
i
mitbi
l
lforpr
esi
dentMusev
eniand
ext
endi
ngpr
esi
dent
ial
andpar
li
ament
aryt
erm ofof
fi
cef
rom 5–7y
ear
s.
 Chr
ist
iansar
eadv
isedt
ogui
deandadv
isepeopl
einpowert
oleadi
nthei
nter
estoft
he
peopl
eandt
hewi
l
lofGod. I
ntheOl
dTest
amentGodi
nst
ruct
edSamuelt
oanoi
ntf
or
t
hem Saul
. Thi
swasbyt
hewi
l
loft
hepeopl
e.
 Chr
ist
iansi
nleader
shi
pneedt
osol
vepr
obl
emst
hatcomeupi
nsoci
etyatanear
lyst
age
bef
oret
heygr
ew outofpr
opor
ti
on.Forexampl
ethedi
vi
sionoft
hemonar
chyofI
srael
cameaboutbecauseRehoboam andt
hel
eader
sbef
orehi
mignor
edsol
vi
ngt
hesoci
al
pr
obl
em l
eadi
ngt
oar
evol
t(1Ki
ng12)
 I
nadi
ctat
ori
alr
egi
meaChr
ist
ianneedst
ost
ickt
otheconst
it
uti
onsoast
omi
nimi
ze
danger
sofdi
ctat
orshi
p. Samuelcl
ear
lyspel
touthowGodexpect
edI
srael
’
ski
ngt
obe.
(
1Ki
ng9:
10)
 Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
oact
ivel
ytakepar
tint
hev
oti
ngexer
cise. Thi
scanhel
p
hi
m/hert
oor
gani
zeot
her
svot
eoutadi
ctat
ori
all
eader
. Thi
siswhypeopl
eli
keGeor
ge
War
eaf
ormerAf
ri
canf
oot
bal
lpl
ayeroft
hey
earhascont
est
edandwonpr
esi
dencyi
n
Li
ber
iaDec/
28/
2017.Ev
enOl
essogunObasanj
j
ovot
edi
ntocount
ert
hepr
obl
emscaused
bydi
ctat
orAbacha.
 Si
mil
arl
yChr
ist
iansar
eur
gedt
ofor
m t
hei
rownpol
i
ticalpar
ti
es. Thi
scanhel
pto
pr
omot
ethe wi
shes and aspi
rat
ions ofChr
ist
iani
ty.Thi
sis whysome par
ti
es l
i
ke
Democr
ati
cPar
ty(
DP)andUgandaPeopl
e’
sCongr
ess(
UPC)wer
est
art
edbyCat
hol
i
cs
andt
heAngl
i
cansr
espect
ivel
y.
 Thechur
chl
eader
scanhel
ptocont
roldi
ctat
orshi
pint
hecount
rybyseeki
ngf
oraudi
ence
wi
thl
eadi
ngpol
i
tici
ansorev
ent
het
opdi
ctat
orsandai
routt
hei
rweaknesses. Thi
scan
cr
eat
eachangei
nhi
m orher
. Fori
nst
ancemanychur
chl
eader
stodayhav
ecr
it
ici
zedt
he
10thpar
li
amentf
orpassi
ngt
hepr
esi
dent
ialagel
i
mitandev
enpar
li
ament
ari
ansext
endi
ng
t
hei
rter
m ofof
fi
cef
rom 5-
7year
sast
heconst
it
uti
onear
li
erst
ipul
ated.
 AChr
ist
ianshoul
dadv
ocat
efort
hest
rengt
heni
ngoft
hepower
soft
hej
udi
ciar
y. Thi
s
mayr
educet
het
endenci
esoft
hepr
esi
dentf
rom di
ctat
inghowcasesshoul
dbej
udgedi
n
cour
tsofl
aws.
 AChr
ist
ianhast
oadv
ocat
eforpeacet
alksbet
weendi
ctat
orsandt
hepeopl
esoast
o
hav
est
abi
l
ityi
nthecount
ry. Ev
enJesusencour
agedpeacei
ntheasnot
einmat
t5:
9.
 Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
oai
routpubl
i
cal
l
yli
keonmedi
ahousest
heev
il
soft
he
di
ctat
orandshowwhatpeopl
efeelabouti
t. Thi
scanbedoneonChr
ist
ianr
adi
oandTV
`
st
ati
onsl
i
keRadi
oMar
ia,
Nami
rembeFM,
TopTVandChannel
44.
 I
nor
dert
ofi
ghtdi
ctat
orshi
pChr
ist
ianshav
eanobl
i
gat
iont
oinf
ormt
hemassesabout
t
hei
rci
vi
ldut
ies,r
esponsi
bil
i
tiesandr
ight
s.Thi
shel
pthem t
oel
ectwi
sel
yandensur
e
el
ect
ionshel
dar
efr
eeandf
air
.Thi
siswhysev
eralt
imesUTCCusual
l
ylev
elsoutel
ect
ion
obser
ver
sespeci
all
ydur
ingpr
esi
dent
ial
andpar
li
ament
aryel
ect
ions.
 Cr
imi
nal
scanbr
ingdowndi
ctat
orsbyhol
dingnonv
iol
entpr
otest
sli
kewal
ktowor
k. Thi
s
cangi
veasi
gnal
tot
hel
eaderandhemayadj
ust
.
 Chr
ist
iansmaycal
lupont
hewor
ldcommuni
tyt
oassi
stt
hem getr
idoft
hedi
ctat
or. For
exampl
ear
par
thei
dregi
mei
nsout
hAf
ri
cawasbr
oughtdownbecauseofi
nter
nat
ional
t
rav
elbanandeconomi
csanct
ionsl
evi
edagai
nstt
heBr
it
ishr
aci
str
egi
me.
 Chr
ist
ianscanf
ightdi
ctat
orshi
pthr
oughdi
rect
lyi
nvol
vi
ngki
nwari
fal
lpeacef
ulmeansf
ail
t
owor
kout
.

CHRI
STI
ANI
TYANDPOLI
TICS
ACCOUNTFORTHECHRI
STI
ANI
NVOLVEMENTI
NPOLI
TICS
Pol
i
ticsi
sthegov
ernance/
mechani
sm concer
nedwi
thdi
spensat
ionofpoweranddi
str
ibut
ion
ofcol
l
ect
iver
esour
ces.

ManyChr
ist
iansbel
i
evet
hatpol
i
ticsi
snotadi
rt
ygameassomepeopl
etakei
tbuti
t’
sthe
pol
i
tici
answhomakei
tadi
rt
ygame. Ther
efor
eaChr
ist
iani
sfr
eet
ojoi
npol
i
ticsont
he
f
oll
owi
ngbasi
s;
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
ddi
rect
lypar
ti
cipat
einpol
i
ticsi
nor
dert
osaf
eguar
dthei
rri
ght
sand
pr
ivi
l
egespr
ovi
dedf
orbyt
hel
aw. I
nsomecount
ri
esl
i
keSout
her
nSudanChr
ist
ianshav
e
f
orl
ongbeenbl
ockedf
rom par
ti
cipat
ingi
nthei
rFr
anchi
se. Thushi
nder
ingt
hei
rri
ght
s.
 Chr
ist
ianl
eader
sar
ecal
l
edupont
opar
ti
cipat
einpol
i
ticsbecauset
heypi
oneermany
nat
ional
i
sti
c st
ruggl
es t
o set
tl
e ci
vi
lconf
li
cts. Fori
nst
ance t
he Lat
e Ar
ch Bi
shop
Mpal
any
iNkoy
oyo(
5/01/
2018)pl
usot
herr
eli
giousl
eader
sofU.
J.C.
Cpl
ayedabi
drol
eto
set
tl
etheconf
li
ctsbet
weenJosephKonyofLRAandUPDF.
 Chr
ist
iani
nvol
vementi
simpor
tantt
oensur
epol
i
ticalev
ent
sar
ewel
lcoor
dinat
ed.Tef
ir
st
pol
i
tici
ansl
i
keMosesandSamuel
wer
ebot
hpr
ophet
sandpol
i
tici
ansofI
srael
.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dpar
ti
cipat
einpol
i
ticsbecauseGodchosemanyr
eli
giousl
eader
sin
v
ari
ouscapaci
ti
es. Fori
nst
ancei
npet
er’
sfi
rstl
ett
er(
1Pet
er5)
,hecal
l
edupont
he
chur
chl
eader
s(shepher
ds)t
oleadt
hef
lockofGodwi
l
li
ngl
yandt
oshowagoodexampl
e.
`
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dnotshunpol
i
ticsbecausef
rom t
hebi
bli
calhi
stor
yChr
ist
ianshav
e
al
way
spar
ti
cipat
ed i
n pol
i
ticssomeser
ving ascounsel
orst
o Ki
ngs. Forexampl
e
pr
ophetSamuel
alway
scounsel
edandadv
isedKi
ngSaul
(1 Sam 15)
 Chr
ist
iansneedt
opar
ti
cipat
einpol
i
ticsbecauseal
lci
vi
lpowerandaut
hor
it
ycomef
rom
Godandnot
hingexi
stswi
thouthi
swi
l
l. Accor
dingt
oPaul
’
slet
tert
otheRomans13,he
cal
l
eduponbel
i
ever
snott
oshunawayf
rom pol
i
tics.
 AsJesust
het
eacherandsav
ioroft
hesi
nsofbel
i
ever
sengagedi
npol
i
tics,sowe
Chr
ist
iansshoul
dfeelf
reet
opar
ti
cipat
eal
soi
npol
i
tics. Jesusshowedhi
spar
ti
cipat
ion
bymaki
ngl
awsf
orI
sraelf
orexampl
ehedr
aft
edt
hecar
dinalcommandmentofl
ove
(
Mat
thew12:
28-
34)
 Si
mil
arl
yChr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
oengagei
npol
i
ticsbecauseourl
ordJesusdi
dnotat
al
lcondemni
t,buti
nst
eadr
ecogni
zedt
hewor
koft
heemper
orofRomewhenhesai
d,
“
Giv
eCaesarwhatbel
ongst
oCaesarandt
oGodwhatbel
ongst
oGod”
.(Mar
k12:
17)
 Chr
ist
iansoughtal
way
stoengagei
npol
i
ticsbecauset
hiscanenabl
ethem easi
l
yto
i
nit
iat
eandsust
aindev
elopmentpr
oject
sthatcanboostt
heeconomi
cwel
far
eoft
hef
lock
ofGod. I
nthi
scaset
hepr
oject
sli
keRubaga,
Mengo,
Nsamby
aVi
ri
kaandKi
tov
uhospi
tal
hav
e gr
own st
rong because ofa good connect
ion bet
ween t
he chur
ch and cent
ral
gov
ernment
. Ev
ensomeChr
ist
ianf
oundedschool
sli
keRubagaGi
rl
sSS,St
.Henr
ys
Col
l
egeKi
tov
u,St
.JosephsNsamby
aSShav
ebeensust
ainedanddev
elopedbecauset
he
headsoft
hosei
nst
it
uti
onspar
ti
cipat
efai
ryi
npol
i
tics.
 Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
eduponal
way
stoengagei
nthepol
i
ticsoft
hei
rcount
rybecauset
hey
wi
l
lpl
ayav
ital
rol
einf
ight
ingagai
nstdi
ctat
orshi
pandper
secut
ionsofpol
i
tical
opponent
s.
Thi
stheycan do t
hrough pol
i
ticalengagi
ng i
n par
li
ament
arydebat
es i
fel
ect
ed as
member
sofpar
li
ament
. Fori
nst
ancet
he2017/
Dec/
20pr
esi
dent
ialagel
i
mitbanand
ext
ensi
onofpar
li
ament
aryandot
herl
ocalcounci
lter
m ofof
fi
cecoul
dnotbepassedi
n
Ugandai
fwehadmor
efanat
icChr
ist
iansi
npar
li
ament
.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dnotshunawayf
rom pol
i
ticsbecausei
tsGodhi
msel
fwhocommanded
manki
ndt
otakecar
eoft
hecr
eat
ion(
Gen1:
28)f
orGodsai
d“bef
rui
tf
ulmul
ti
ply
,fi
l
lthe
wor
ldandsubduei
t. Thi
scommandcal
l
suponChr
ist
ianst
otakepar
tinpol
i
tics.
 Jesust
aughtt
hatChr
ist
iansar
ethel
i
ghtoft
hewor
ldasechoedi
nMar
k4:
21-
25. So
Chr
ist
ianscanonl
yshowt
hemsel
vesast
hel
i
ghtoft
hewor
ldt
hroughengagi
ngi
npol
i
tics.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
djoi
npol
i
ticsi
nor
dert
oeasi
l
yut
teroutt
heweaknessesoft
hei
rleader
s
andcal
lthem f
orr
efor
mat
ion. Samueldi
ditwel
ltot
hepi
oneerki
ngsi
nIsr
aell
i
keSaul
`
whenhewentast
ray
,Samuel
coul
dcomeupandgui
dedhi
m(1Sam 13)

THERELATI
ONSHI
PBETWEENTHECHURCHANDSTATE
Bot
hthechur
chandt
hest
atear
esoci
ali
nst
it
uti
onst
hatai
m atseei
ngt
hewel
lbei
ngoft
he
peopl
eisgood. Howev
ert
hest
atei
smor
econcer
nedwi
thpol
i
ticali
ssuesanddi
str
ibut
ion
ofr
esour
cesf
air
/ev
enl
yint
hecount
ryf
orsoci
aldev
elopment
syett
hechur
chi
smor
ekeen/
i
nter
est
ed.Cent
reont
hemor
alandspi
ri
tual
upr
ight
nessoft
heci
ti
zens.

Ther
efor
ethet
wo est
abl
i
shment
sar
eunsepar
abl
eduet
othef
oll
owi
ng r
olest
heypl
ay
al
ongsi
deeachot
her
;

 Ast
hechur
chcont
inuest
oencour
aget
hebel
i
ever
sinChr
istt
ohav
egoodmor
alv
alues
emul
ati
ngt
heexampl
eofChr
ist
,thest
atesi
mil
arl
ycal
l
suponci
ti
zenst
oli
veamor
all
y
upr
ightway r
espect
ing t
he const
it
uti
on oft
he count
ry. Fori
nst
ance t
he chur
ch
condemnscor
rupt
ionst
rongl
yandsodoest
hest
atewhi
chev
enhassev
eralor
gansl
i
ke
t
heUgandapol
i
ceandI
GGsect
orf
ight
ingagai
nstcor
rupt
ioni
ngov
ernmentci
vi
lof
fi
ces/
depar
tment
s.
 Thechur
chusual
l
ywor
kshandi
nhandwi
tht
hest
atei
nmobi
l
izat
ionofpeopl
efornat
ional
dut
ies. Fori
nst
ancei
fther
eisanepi
demi
coutbr
eakl
i
kechol
era,
needf
ori
mmuni
zat
ion
ofchi
l
dren,
elect
ionpr
ocessoutbr
eakofi
nsecur
it
yinsomepar
tsoft
hecount
ryandmany
ot
her
s,bot
hthechur
chandst
atet
endt
omobi
l
izet
hemassest
oget
herbecausei
tbenef
it
s
al
lUgandawhet
heronei
srel
i
giousorapagan.
 I
nthespi
ri
tofdev
elopi
ng nat
ional
i
sti
cfeel
i
ngst
hechur
chand t
hest
atecannotbe
separ
ated.Thi
sisbecausei
nmanycount
ri
esofAf
ri
ca,nat
ional
i
sti
csomet
imesagai
nst
col
oni
ali
sm wasf
ir
stexhi
bit
edt
hrought
hechur
ch.Af
ri
cansf
ormedi
ndependentchur
ches
agai
nstmi
ssi
onar
ydomi
nat
edchur
chwi
thanai
m off
ight
ingf
orsel
frul
e. Forexampl
e
t
henat
iveAf
ri
canchur
chi
nNi
ger
ia,Zi
oni
stchur
ch,nat
alAf
ri
canchur
chi
nSout
hAf
ri
ca
andt
heEt
hiopi
anchur
chpl
usot
her
s. I
nUgandat
hest
ruggl
efori
ndependencewas
spear
-headedbyt
heUgandapeopl
e’
scongr
ess(
prot
est
ant
s)anddemocr
ati
cpar
ty(
DPof
Cat
hol
i
cs)
 Thechur
chandt
hest
atear
einsepar
abl
ebecauset
heyco-
oper
atei
nmanyaspect
sof
soci
alr
esponsi
bil
i
ty. Manypr
oject
sst
art
edbyt
hechur
char
esuppl
ement
edbyt
he
`
gov
ernment
. Fori
nst
anceschool
sli
keKi
ngsCol
l
egeBudo,Nami
l
yangoCol
l
egeSSSt
.
Henr
ys Col
l
ege Ki
tov
u Masaka di
str
ict
s and some hospi
tal
sli
ke Rubaga Hospi
tal
,
Nsamby
aHospi
talandMengohospi
talwer
echur
chf
oundedbutnow f
undedbyt
he
gov
ernment
. Thi
sisbecausesuchpr
oject
sbenef
ital
cat
egor
iesofUgandans.
 Thechur
chhaswor
kedwel
lwi
tht
hest
atewhenf
ight
ingi
njust
icesi
nthecount
ry. For
exampl
ethel
eader
soft
heCat
hol
i
cChur
chhav
eof
tencondemnedi
njust
icel
i
kemur
derof
i
nnocent
speopl
e.Ent
ebbe,Nansana,Lwengo,Bukomansombi
. Thest
atet
hrought
he
pr
esi
denthasor
gani
zedr
ali
esi
nsuchpl
acesandr
etur
mssecur
it
yint
hosear
eas.
 Fr
om t
imei
mmemor
ialr
eli
giousl
eader
shav
eact
edascounsel
orst
opol
i
tici
ansand
al
way
shel
pedt
ogui
det
hem i
ngoodl
eader
shi
prequi
redoft
hem. Fori
nst
anceov
ert
he
Chr
ist
mascel
ebr
ati
onsof2017or
thodoxandsomemusl
i
mleader
sal
lcondemnedi
nthei
r
pr
eachi
ngs t
he const
it
uti s made on 20th/
onal commandment 12/
2017 ext
endi
ng
pr
esi
dent
ial
andpar
li
ament
aryt
erm ofof
fi
cei
nUganda.
 Bot
h t
he chur
ch and t
he st
ate co-
rel
ate/
coor
dinat
e i
n pol
i
cy f
ormat
ions and
i
mpl
ement
ati
ons.
Thechur
chensur
est
hatt
hebi
l
lspassedi
nthepar
li
amentar
etaughtt
othef
oll
ower
s.For
exampl
ethebi
l
lsar
en’
tinf
avoroft
hepeopl
e. Forexampl
est
rongl
ycameoutt
oopposet
he
newl
yamendedconst
it
uti
onalbi
l
l102(
b)whi
chbr
oughti
nachangeofpar
li
ament
aryand
l
ocalcounci
lleader
stoext
endf
rom 5-
7year
sandt
hepr
esi
dent
ialagel
i
mitr
emov
ed(
made
open)t
oal
lUgandansf
rom t
heageof18y
ear
s.
 Thechur
chandt
hest
ater
elat
einmat
ter
sofpi
l
gri
mages. Fori
nst
ancewhent
hecat
hol
i
c
andpr
otest
antchur
char
eor
gani
zi
ngt
hecel
ebr
ati
onst
or he3rd June1886
emembert
Namugongomassacr
es,att
hehol
yshr
ine,t
hest
atewor
kshandi
nhandbypr
ovi
ding
secur
it
yandcont
rol
traf
fi
catNamugongo.
 Thechur
chandt
hest
ateal
sowor
khandi
nhandwi
theachot
herwhenev
erei
therpar
ty
hascont
rov
ersi
ali
ssuest
odealwi
th. Eachcal
l
stheot
herf
orabor
ti
on.Fori
nst
ance
dur
ingt
heSagai
nKi
gezidi
ocesei
nwhi
chpeopl
epl
ant
edpi
nsandneedl
esi
nthebi
shop’
s
chai
rto pi
ercehi
m,t
hest
ategotwi
thi
nvol
ved i
ntr
ying t
oreconci
l
ether
ebel
l
ious
Chr
ist
ianswi
tht
hecl
ergy
.
 Thest
ateandt
hechur
chhav
eremai
nedi
ngoodr
elat
ionshi
pthr
ought
hest
ateaccept
ing
t
ohonourt
heChr
ist
ianday
sofr
eli
giousi
mpor
tanceandar
edecl
aredpubl
i
chol
i
day
sand
day
sli
kegoodFr
iday
,East
erSundayandMonday
,Chr
ist
masandUgandamar
tyr
sdayar
e
cel
ebr
atednat
ional
l
yasspeci
alr
eli
giousday
s.
`
 Thest
ateof
tent
reAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
etyr
eli
giousl
eader
sli
keAr
chbi
shopsi
naV.
I.
P
st
atus,
giv
ingt
hem speci
alcar
s,escor
tsorpr
otect
ioni
fneedbe. Thest
ateusual
l
yfunds
r
enov
ati
onofchur
chesl
i
keNami
rembecat
hedr
al,RubagaCat
hedr
alandNamugongo
mar
tyrshr
ine.
 Thest
ateal
soof
tenexempt
sthechur
chf
rom pay
ingcer
tai
ntaxesast
heyi
mpor
tor
r
ecei
vedonat
ionsf
rom abr
oadl
i
kecar
syetot
herbusi
nesspeopl
ear
efor
cedt
opayt
axes
f
orsomeoft
hesedonat
ions.Fori
nst
ancemostv
ehi
clesownedbyt
hecat
hol
i
cchur
chor
C.
O.Uhav
eRedandwhi
tenumberpl
atesendi
ngwi
thl
ett
ersX,
Y,ZandW i
ndi
cat
ingt
hat
somet
axeswer
ewai
vedof
f.
 Thechur
chhasl
i
vedi
ngoodt
ermswi
tht
hest
atef
orl
ongi
nmat
ter
sofr
ender
ing/of
fer
ing
pr
ayer
stosomeel
ect
edci
vi
lser
vant
sespeci
all
ythepr
esi
dent
. Fori
nst
ancewhi
l
e
commemor
ati
ng i
ndependencedaycel
ebr
ati
onsandswear
ingi
nofanew pr
esi
dent
,
usual
l
yrel
i
giousl
eader
sfordi
ff
erentdenomi
nat
ionsar
eli
mit
edandgi
venoppor
tuni
tyt
o
pr
ayf
ort
henat
ion,
thepeopl
eandpar
ti
cul
arl
ythepr
esi
dentel
ect
.

CASES/AREASOFDI
SAGREEMENTSBETWEENTHECHURCHANDTHESTATE
Accountf
ort
hecausesofmi
sunder
standi
ngsbet
weent
hechur
chandt
hest
ate.
Ther
ear
eanumberofr
easons/ci
rcumst
ancest
hatof
tenl
eadt
hechur
chandt
hest
atei
nto
conf
li
ctsandt
hesear
eanal
ysedbel
ow;
 Mi
sunder
standi
ngsbet
weent
hest
atesandt
hechur
chsomet
imesar
isef
rom t
hest
ate
put
ti
ngupl
awswhi
cht
hechur
chconsi
der
simmor
alandsoci
all
yunaccept
abl
e. For
i
nst
ancet
hechur
chi
sagai
nstt
hest
atel
egal
i
zingdi
vor
cei
ncour
tsofl
aw y
ett
hebi
ble
t
eachest
hatwhatGodgoeshasj
oinednomanshal
lsepar
ate.(
Mar
k10:
1-12)
 Somet
imesr
eli
giousl
eader
sconf
li
ctwi
tht
hest
atebecauset
heygeti
nvol
vedi
nact
sof
cr
imei
ncompat
ibl
ewi
tht
hei
rst
atus. Fori
nst
anceJosephKi
bwet
ereoft
her
est
orat
ionof
t
het
encommandment
sofGodbasedi
nKanungudi
str
icti
nthey
ear2000massacr
edov
er
at
housandofhi
sfol
l
ower
sconv
inci
ngt
hem t
hatt
heywoul
dgodi
rectt
oheav
eni
nthe
new comi
ng2000. Thi
sat
tract
edst
atei
nter
vent
ionandr
esul
tedi
ntogr
eatconf
li
cts
bet
weent
hest
ateandt
hechur
ch.
 Meddl
i
ngt
oomuchi
ntheaf
fai
rsoft
hechur
chdonebysomepol
i
tici
answhowantt
o
j
udget
hel
i
mit
sofr
eli
giousl
eader
s. Fori
nst
ancecur
rent
lyi
nUgandai
nthey
ear2017
December20th,
ther
ewasaconst
it
uti
onalamendmentbi
l
lpasseder
asi
ngpr
esi
dent
ialage
l
i
mitwhi
cht
ouchedt
hemi
ndsofmanyUgandansr
eli
giousl
eader
sincl
usi
ve. Butwhen
`
suchr
eli
giousl
eader
sli
keAr
chbi
shopDr
.Cy
pri
anKi
zi
toLwangaofLubagacat
hedr
aland
Or
thodoxl
eader
spl
ust
hepr
otest
antl
eader(
C.O.
U)t
ri
edt
ocr
it
ici
zet
hedeci
sionsmadeby
t
heNRMOpar
li
ament
arymember
s,t
hepr
esi
dentat
tackedt
hem. Thuscausi
nggr
udges
bet
weent
hechur
chandt
hest
ate.
 Di
sagr
eement
sbet
weent
hechur
chandst
atesomet
imesoccur
swhenpol
i
tici
ansmake
r
eli
gious i
nsensi
ti
ve orpr
ovocat
ive st
atement
sthatunder
mine t
he cr
edi
bil
i
tyoft
he
r
eli
giousl
eader
s. Fori
nst
anceapol
i
tici
annamedOt
afi
i
rewasquot
edpubl
i
cal
l
yut
ter
ing
st
atement
sofunder
mini
ngJesus’God’
snat
ureandpower
.Onet
imeapar
li
ament
ari
an
f
rom NRMOsecr
etar
iatmov
edamot
ioni
npar
li
amentt
oremov
e“God”f
rom t
henat
ional
ant
hem,
cour
tsofar
msandal
lst
atut
oryi
nst
rument
sandl
egal
document
s.
 Att
imesconf
li
ctsemanat
efr
om t
hef
ail
urebypol
i
ticall
eader
stohonournat
ional
l
yof
i
nter
nat
ional
l
ythegazet
ter
eli
gioushol
yday
s. Forexampl
etheoncepr
esi
dentofCuba
st
oppedChr
ist
iansf
rom at
tendi
ngSundayser
vicesandev
enf
orbadecel
ebr
ati
onsof
Chr
ist
masf
rom 1967-
99.
 Theconf
li
ctssomet
imesor
igi
nat
efr
om t
hedeci
sionst
akenbyt
hest
atet
obant
he
pr
oduct
ion and ci
rcul
ati
on/di
str
ibut
ion r
eli
gion. Fori
nst
ance t
he Ar
ab st
ates l
i
ke
Af
ghani
stanf
orbi
dimpor
tat
ionofbi
blesandot
herr
elat
edmat
eri
als.
 Theemanat
ionofconf
li
ctsbet
weent
hechur
chandt
hest
atecomef
rom t
hechur
ch
l
eader
swhogetact
ivel
yinv
olv
edi
ntopol
i
ticsandst
artcampai
gni
ngf
orsomecandi
dat
es
wi
thi
nthechur
ch.
 Conf
li
ctsmayar
isewhent
hechur
chf
eel
sthest
atei
sobl
i
vious(
unmi
ndf
ul)t
owi
despr
ead
ci
rcul
ati
onofpor
nogr
aphi
cmat
eri
alswi
thnogov
ernmentact
iont
aken. Fori
nst
ancet
he
l
ate Ar
ch Bi
shop Mpal
any
iNkoy
oyo oft
he C.
O.U had ear
li
eri
n May 2003 l
ed a
demonst
rat
ioni
nKampal
aagai
nstt
henewspapernudepubl
i
cat
ions.
 The mi
sunder
standi
ngs bet
ween t
he chur
ch and t
he st
ate att
imes occur
s due t
o
wi
despr
eadcor
rupt
ionandabuseofof
fi
cebypol
i
tici
ans.Manygov
ernmentci
vi
lser
vant
s
hav
ebeennabbedswi
ddl
i
ngt
hecommonman’
smoneymeantt
obenef
itt
hemasses.For
i
nst
anceGi
l
ber
tBukeny
a(f
ormerv
icepr
esi
dentwasj
ail
edf
ormi
suseofCHOGHM money
of2007,
Dav
idChandiJamwawasar
rest
edf
ormi
sappr
opr
iat
ionofNSSF,
for
mermi
nist
er
ofheal
thJi
m Muhwezi
wasal
sot
ri
edi
ncour
tsofl
awf
ormi
shandl
i
ngf
orei
gnf
undsmeant
t
obuydr
ugsf
orHI
V/AI
Dsv
ict
ims.
PARTI
SM I
NPOLI
TICALSYSTEMS
Ther
ear
ethr
eepar
tysy
stemst
hatexi
sti
nthewor
ldnamel
y;si
ngl
epar
tysy
stem,t
wopar
ty
`
sy
stem l
i
kei
nUSAandmul
ti
-par
tysy
stem commoni
nmanyAf
ri
canst
ates.
Howev
erourmai
ndi
scussi
onwi
l
lcent
redonsi
ngl
epar
tyandmul
ti
-par
tysy
stem

SI
NGLEPARTYSYSTEM (
MOVEMENTI
SM)
Thi
sisaki
ndofpol
i
tical
syst
em wher
ebyonl
yonepar
tyi
slegal
l
yaccept
edt
ooper
atewi
thi
na
count
ryf
oll
owi
ngt
heconst
it
uti
on.Ot
herpar
ti
esar
eti
ght
lyr
est
ri
ctedf
rom oper
ati
onsbut
member
scancr
osst
other
uli
ngpar
ty.

Adv
ant
agesofasi
ngl
epar
tysy
stem
Thepr
oponent
soft
hiski
ndofl
eader
shi
par
guet
hat
;
 Assi
ngl
epar
tysy
stem easi
l
ypr
omot
esbr
oadbasedness. I
tembr
acedal
ltr
ibesand
v
il
lagesundert
hesy
stem oft
ransf
err
ingt
hepol
i
ticst
othev
il
lagel
evelt
oal
lpeopl
e
i
rr
espect
iveofr
eli
gions,
tri
besorsoci
alst
atusar
emadet
opar
ti
cipat
einpol
i
ticsf
reel
y.
 Si
ngl
e par
tysy
stem pr
omot
es genui
ne i
ndependence si
nce t
he sy
stem f
ight
s new-
col
oni
ali
sm i
nmostcasesi
nanat
temptt
opr
omot
eAf
ri
cancul
tur
e,t
her
efor
egenui
ne
i
ndependencecaneasi
l
ybeachi
evedpeopl
etendt
obemor
euni
tedi
nst
ruggl
i
ngf
orsel
f
r
ule.
 Si
ngl
epar
tysy
stem canal
sopr
omot
edemocr
acybecausei
tal
l
owsal
lpeopl
eri
ghtf
rom
v
il
lagel
evelt
opar
ti
cipat
eingov
ernment
. Howev
ert
oJomoKeny
att
aaf
ormerpr
esi
dent
ofKeny
aonceobser
ved/sai
dthat“
Allt
wopar
tyst
atesar
enotdemocr
ati
candso,
tohi
m
par
ti
esar
egooddependi
ngont
henat
ureandchar
ismaoft
hel
eader
s.
 I
tpr
omot
esdev
elopmenteasi
l
y. Thesy
stem maybeusedasamechani
sm t
omobi
l
ize
t
hemassesf
orpol
i
ticalandeconomi
cdev
elopment
. Thi
sar
gumentwasal
sosuppor
ted
byl
egendar
yAf
ri
cannat
ional
i
stsl
i
keKwameNkr
umah(
Ghana)
,SekouTour
e(I
vor
yCoast
)
Jul
i
usNy
erer
e(Tanzani
a).
 Si
ngl
epar
tysy
stem i
sadv
ant
ageousbecausei
tpr
omot
esuni
tyeasi
ert
hanmul
ti
par
ty
sy
stem t
hatmanyt
imesar
efor
medont
ri
balandr
eli
giousl
i
nesl
i
kedemocr
ati
cpar
ty(
DP)
wasf
ormedbycat
hol
i
candUPCf
ormedbypr
otest
ant
sinUganda. Suchdi
vi
sionsar
e
av
oidedi
nsi
ngl
epar
tysy
stem.
 I
nrel
ati
ont
otheabov
e,t
hesy
stem pr
omot
eset
hni
cuni
ty. Si
ngl
epar
tysy
stem t
endst
o
cur
bdownmi
cro-
nat
ional
i
sm whi
chi
scommoni
nmul
tipar
tysy
stem whi
chev
enl
eadst
o
outbr
eakofci
vi
lwar
sli
keonest
hatoccur
redi
nBuganda,Kasaii
nZai
rei
nCongo. A
si
ngl
epar
tysy
stem t
endst
o uni
teal
ltr
ibesf
oracommongoal
. Thi
swashi
ghl
y
`
exper
iencedi
nTanzani
aunderpr
esi
dentMwal
i
muJul
i
usKambal
ageNy
erer
ethr
oughhi
s
si
ngl
epar
tysy
stem cal
l
edchamachamaundersoci
ali
sm.
 Asi
ngl
epar
tysy
stem pr
omot
esAf
ri
cancul
tur
ewher
esuchsy
stem oper
atedt
her
ewher
e
nor
uler
sandopposi
ti
onandi
twaschar
act
eri
zedwi
th“
under
”ibr
eedemocr
acy
”. Most
oft
hesoci
alpr
obl
em wer
edi
scussedandsol
vedt
hrought
hespi
ri
tofconsensus.
 Si
ngl
epar
tysy
stem i
sadv
ant
ageousbecauset
her
eisl
i
mit
edwast
ageofmoneyas
compar
edt
oamul
tipar
tyst
ate.Muchoft
hef
undst
hatwoul
dhav
eot
herpol
i
ticalpar
ti
es
can be sav
ed t
o pr
omot
e soci
alser
vices l
i
ke heal
th,educat
ion i
nfr
ast
ruct
ures and
i
ndust
ri
es.
 The sy
stem pr
omot
es good r
elat
ionshi
p wi
thi
nthe gov
ernment
. The f
actt
hatal
l
r
epr
esent
ati
vesoft
hepeopl
eli
ket
hepar
li
ament
ari
ansbel
ongt
othesamepar
ty(
umbr
ell
a
or
gani
zat
ion)
,it
s because qui
te easy t
o coor
dinat
e or pr
omot
ethe gov
ernment
pr
ogr
ammesandal
sowor
kupont
hepeopl
e’
sneedsl
i
ker
enov
ati
onsofr
oadsschool
sor
hospi
tal
s.
 Thef
ulf
il
lmentoft
hepar
tyagendai
seasysi
ncet
her
eisnoopposi
ti
onpr
essur
eimpar
ted
t
othel
eader
s. Theyhav
eampl
eti
met
opr
epar
eoror
gani
zef
undst
owor
kmeet
ingt
hei
r
sett
arget
s. Howev
erst
il
lbecauseofl
i
mit
edoppor
tuni
ti
es,manyAf
ri
canl
eader
stur
na
deafeart
othedemandsofpeopl
ewhov
otedt
hem i
nsuchseAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onalsoci
ety
.
Sot
heybecomedespot
iccor
ruptort
ri
bal
i
sti
casi
tiscommonl
ynot
edi
nmul
tipar
ty
pol
i
tical
syst
em.
 Ther
eisl
i
mit
edopposi
ti
oni
nonepar
tysy
stem whi
chbecomesanadv
ant
age,deci
sion
maki
ngbecomeseasysi
nceal
lpeopl
ebel
ongt
othesamer
uli
ngpar
tycancompr
omi
se
eachot
hernewpol
i
ciesdesi
gnedbyt
hegov
ernment
.
 I
tsal
sol
i
kedbymanypeopl
ebecausei
tpr
omot
esgoodl
eader
shi
pbasedont
hef
actt
hat
v
oti
ngi
scar
ri
edoutont
heemphasi
sofmer
it
. I
nacount
ryl
i
keUgandawher
ethe
const
it
uti
onpr
ovi
desf
oral
lpost
stobecont
est
edf
or,
itgi
vest
hosewhoar
eel
ect
edt
obe
r
esponsi
blet
otheel
ect
orat
eri
ghtf
rom t
hegr
assr
ootl
evel
s.

WHYSI
NGLEPARTYSYSTEM MAYBEADI
SADVANTAGE
Thesy
stem ofhav
ingonl
yonepar
tyconst
it
uti
onal
l
yper
mit
tedt
ooper
atei
nthecount
ryhas
t
hef
oll
owi
ngdemer
it
s;
 Thesy
stem soof
tenl
ycr
eat
espol
i
ticalpowerv
acuum. Thel
eaderont
opt
endt
ofear
gr
oomi
ngt
hei
rsuccessor
sthi
nki
ngt
heywi
l
lbel
eader
sforl
i
fe(
li
fepr
esi
dency
). I
n
`
si
tuat
ionswher
esuchapr
esi
dentdi
esacci
dent
all
y,t
hecount
ryi
sboundt
oexper
ience
pol
i
ticalchaosj
ustev
enwi
thi
nit
spar
tymember
sandot
herpar
ti
esasi
de. Fori
nst
ance
whenf
ormerpr
esi
dentofCongo Zai
rebecamesi
ck,Mubut
o Sseseseko t
hecount
ry
exper
iencedci
vi
lst
ri
fe. I
nthesameawayYower
ikagut
aMusev
eniasputndi
l
emmaof
whowi
l
lsuccedhi
m athi
sret
ir
ementorsuddendeat
h.
 Thet
endencyofpr
omot
ingsi
ngl
epar
tysy
stem i
sbadbecausei
tist
hemai
npr
omot
erof
coupdet
ati
nAf
ri
cai
nthepastandev
ent
oday
. Fori
nst
ancet
he1971coupi
nUganda,
1966coupi
nGhana,1969coupLi
byapl
ust
her
ecentcoupsi
nAf
ri
cal
i
kei
nZi
mbabwei
n
2017agai
nstRober
tMugabeandi
nTuni
siaandEgy
ptcoupshav
ejustt
akenpl
ace. Al
l
t
hesear
eat
tri
but
edt
osi
ngl
epar
tyl
eader
shi
pwhi
chendsupgr
oomi
ngdi
ctat
ors.
 Thesi
ngl
esy
stem i
shi
ghl
ydi
secr
etedf
orpr
omot
ingdi
ctat
ors. Suchl
eader
sdon’
twant
t
oleav
epowerami
cabl
ybutwantt
ost
aunt
ildeat
hwi
shi
ngt
obewor
shi
ppedl
i
kessemi
-
godsonear
th. Theydonotwel
comeanyadv
iseandonsev
eralar
restandt
ort
ureandj
ail
wi
thoutt
ri
alt
hei
rpol
i
tical
opponent
s. Fori
nst
anceDani
elAr
apMoi
eli
minat
edDr
.Oukoa
v
erypopul
armani
nwest
ernKeny
a,Keny
att
aal
soel
i
minat
edTom Mboy
awhowasal
most
popul
art
hanhi
m. KamuzuBandaofMal
awiwar
nedany
oneopposi
ngsi
ngl
epar
ti
sm t
hat
hewoul
dbecome“
meat
”oft
hecr
ocodi
l
es”
.
 Onepar
tysy
stem i
sdi
sadv
ant
ageousbecausei
tnegl
ect
sthei
mpor
tanceofdemocr
acy
si
ncepeopl
ear
en’
tal
l
owedt
othei
rfr
eedom ofpr
ess,
freedom t
ocr
it
ici
zet
hegov
ernment
ast
hecasei
sinmul
tipar
tygov
ernance.I
nUgandaf
orexampl
ebet
ween1986–1999i
t
wasi
l
legal
tohol
dapar
tyassembl
ywi
thoutper
missi
ongr
ant
edbypol
i
ce.
 I
tisasser
tedt
hatmostoft
hepol
i
tical
l
ydi
spl
acedpeopl
ecommonl
yknownasr
efugees
ar
ear
esul
tofdi
ctat
ori
alr
egi
meswher
eci
vi
lwar
stakepl
aceduet
oabsenceofamul
ti
-
par
typol
i
ticalv
oice.I
nCongo,JosephKabi
l
ahast
urnedoutt
obeadi
ctat
ort
hroughhi
s
par
tyandt
hishascausedmanypeopl
ebei
ngdi
spl
acedasr
efugees.
 Thesy
stem pr
omot
esunder
dev
elopment
. Thegov
ernmenti
npowert
endst
ost
ickt
o
t
hei
rmani
fest
oev
eni
fitl
acksi
deasdev
elopment
al. Thi
susual
l
yhappensbecauset
he
pr
esi
dentt
hinkshei
saHer
oandGodsentt
orul
eot
her
sfori
nst
ancet
hepar
li
ament
opposedt
hesel
l
ingofUCBbutt
hegov
ernmenti
nsi
stedwhi
chl
edt
olossof62bi
l
li
on
shi
l
li
ngs. ManyUgandanshav
ekeptoncr
it
ici
zi
ngt
heNRMOgov
ernmentf
orsel
l
ingot
her
r
esour
cef
ulbusi
nessesorl
andmor
eov
ert
ofor
eigner
sforexampl
eShi
mondemonst
rat
ion
schooll
andandsomepar
tsofMabi
raf
orestl
andsol
dtoLugazif
act
oryaf
orei
gnown
f
act
ory
.
`
 I
tisav
eryex
pensi
vesy
stem.Thegov
ernmentspendsal
otofmoneyt
opayspi
esoft
he
pr
esi
denti
nor
dert
oreduceopposi
ti
onandconsol
i
dat
ehi
msel
finpower
. I
nUganda
suchspi
esar
etheI
SO,
DISO,
ESO,
CIDandRDS.
 I
tsadv
ocat
edt
hataonepar
typol
i
ticalsy
stem l
eadst
onopar
tyatal
lmeani
ngdeni
alof
peopl
e’
sri
ght
s. I
nmanycasesev
enel
ect
ionsar
eabol
i
shed,t
hepol
i
ticalopponent
s
suppr
essedandt
hepr
esscensor
ed. Thi
swaswel
lnot
eddur
ingSekouTour
eofGui
nea’
s
r
egi
mewhoel
i
minat
edal
lpol
i
tical
opposi
ti
onsl
eadi
ngt
onopar
ty.
 Thesi
ngl
epar
tysy
stem i
sdi
scr
edi
tedbecausei
tfai
l
stor
ecogni
zet
hepl
ural
i
sti
cnat
ureof
Af
ri
cans. I
tfor
ces peopl
efr
om di
ff
erentt
ri
bes and r
eli
gions t
o hav
e a si
mil
ar
under
standi
ngoft
hingsy
ett
hisi
simpossi
ble. Di
ff
erentpeopl
efr
om di
ff
erentt
ri
beshav
e
di
ff
erenti
nter
est
sandunder
standi
ngoft
hingsf
orwhi
cht
heyshoul
dbel
eftt
othi
nkt
hei
r
ownway
.
 Ont
heot
herwayr
ound,i
tpr
omot
esneo-
col
oni
ali
sm. Thesy
stem i
sbel
i
evedt
ohav
e
or
igi
nat
edf
rom t
hesoci
ali
stbl
ockdur
ingt
hecol
dwarpol
i
tics.Fori
nst
anceTanzani
awas
i
ncl
i
nedt
oChi
na,Angol
aandGhanai
ncl
i
nedt
oUSSR andt
hesewer
eAf
ri
canst
ates
pr
act
ici
ngsi
ngl
epar
ti
sm. Thusmeani
ngneo-
col
oni
ali
sm wasbei
ngper
pet
uat
edi
nAf
ri
ca.
 ManyAf
ri
can l
eader
shav
eused i
tto asast
rat
egyt
o dest
royopposi
ti
on and t
hen
consol
i
dat
ethemsel
vesi
ntopower
. Fori
nst
ancet
hedomi
nancyofNRMOmember
sof
par
li
amentmadet
hem passanaf
fai
rconst
it
uti
onalamendmentagel
i
mitwhi
chwas
mai
nlyt
arget
ingopeni
ngupdoor
sforpr
esi
dentY.
K.Musev
eniwhowasr
eachi
ng75y
ear
s.
Bef
oret
he const
it
uti
onl
i
mit
edapr
esi
dentt
oexceed75y
ear
srul
i
ngbutnow i
twas
madeopenev
ent
onayot
heronet
ocome.

MULTIPARTI
SM
Thi
sisaf
orm ofpol
i
ticalor
gani
zat
ionwher
esev
eralpar
ti
esar
eal
l
owedt
ooper
atewi
thi
na
count
ry.I
nAf
ri
cat
hesy
stem hadnott
akenmuchr
ootduebef
ore1990sduet
otheabsence
ofcl
assdi
vi
sionswhi
chwascommoni
nEur
ope.

ARGUMENTSFORMULTIPARTYPOLI
TICALSYSTEM
Gener
all
yspeaki
ngmul
tipar
ti
sm i
sconsi
der
edbenef
ici
alt
othenat
ionduet
othef
oll
owi
ng
r
easons;
 Thesy
stem hel
pst
ocheckonnepot
ism andcr
ony
ism i
npubl
i
cof
fi
cesbecauset
he
l
eader
shav
ethepubl
i
ctoaccountt
o. Ther
efor
ethel
eader
sal
way
str
ythei
rlev
elbestt
o
`
dowhatt
hemassesdesi
ret
oseeandhear
.
 Mul
tipar
ti
sm pr
omot
esdemocr
acy
.Usual
l
yundert
hissy
stem,peopl
ehav
efr
eedom of
associ
ati
on,f
reedom ofassembl
y,exper
ience and gener
all
y peopl
e hav
eri
ght
sto
par
ti
cipat
efr
eel
yinpol
i
tics. Howev
erst
il
linmanyAf
ri
canst
atest
hepol
i
ticalsy
stem i
s
notbal
ancedbecauset
hei
ncumbentt
endt
oinf
luenceal
otandcheatt
heel
ect
ions.
 Thesy
stem al
l
owsopencr
it
ici
sm. Thepol
i
ticalopponent
s(ot
herpar
ti
es)t
endt
oactas
wat
chdogschecki
ngont
hemanagementofst
ateaf
fai
rsespeci
all
yconcer
ningf
inanci
al
expendi
tur
e.Thi
siswhyi
nthepar
li
amentofUgandat
hepubl
i
caccount
scommi
tt
eei
sful
l
ofmember
soft
heopposi
ti
onsi
dewhocaneasi
l
ycheckonpubl
i
cexpendi
tur
ewi
thout
f
avour
.
 I
nthi
sfor
m ofgov
ernance,t
her
eisgr
eat
erf
reedom ofFr
anchi
se. Peopl
ear
efr
eet
o
chooset
hei
rownl
eader
sasopposedt
oamonol
i
sti
c(mov
ement
)gov
ernmentwhi
chmay
denypeopl
ethei
rvot
ingr
ight
s. Fori
nst
ancei
nU.
S.Aaper
soncont
est
ingf
orpr
esi
dency
i
snor
mal
l
ycompel
l
edt
orunf
orpr
eli
minar
iesatpar
tyl
eveli
nev
eryst
atebef
orer
unni
ng
f
oropennat
ionwi
decampai
gns.
 Thi
sfor
m ofgov
ernmentt
endst
o cr
eat
eabal
ancedr
egi
onaldev
elopmentbecause
par
ti
essol
i
citf
orv
otescount
rywi
de. Sot
her
uli
nggov
ernmentt
ri
est
oest
abl
i
shf
ood
r
oads,
school
s,hospi
tal
sandsuppl
yofot
hernecessi
ti
esl
i
kewat
erandel
ect
ri
cit
yequal
l
y.
 I
tisar
guedt
hatmul
ti
par
ti
sm pr
ovi
dej
oboppor
tuni
ti
est
omor
epeopl
eincl
udi
ngnonpar
ty
member
swhi
chav
ail
sthem wi
thsomei
ncomet
odoot
herbusi
nesses. Fori
nst
anceat
t
het
imeofpr
epar
inganddur
ingt
heact
ualt
imeofel
ect
ions,t
her
ear
emanypeopl
e
empl
oyedasdi
spl
ayr
egi
sterof
fi
cial
sandel
ect
oralcommi
ssi
onof
fi
cial
spai
dbyt
he
el
ect
oral
commi
ssi
on.
 I
nthi
sfor
m ofgov
ernance,
ther
eisf
reedom ofassoci
ati
onaspeopl
ear
enotcompel
l
edt
o
f
oll
owagi
venl
i
neoft
hought
. Pol
i
ticalpar
ti
esconst
it
uti
onal
l
yinUgandaar
eal
l
owedt
o
hol
dpol
i
ticalpar
ti
esr
all
i
eswi
thoutf
earj
ustl
i
kewhathappenspr
iort
ocongr
essi
onal
el
ect
ionspr
iort
otheUni
tedSt
ates.
 Thegov
ernmenti
npowert
endsoser
vet
hesoci
etyt
oit
sexpect
ati
onsoast
osecur
ere-
el
ect
ion. I
nthi
scaset
hel
eaderav
oidsengagi
ngi
ntocor
rupt
ionormi
smanagementof
publ
i
cof
fi
cesbecauseundermul
tipar
ti
sm t
her
eisgi
vi
ngaccount
abi
l
ity
.
 Mul
tipar
tysy
stem i
sadv
ocat
edf
orbecausei
tel
i
minat
esr
ampantcoups. Ast
her
ear
e
per
iodi
cal
changeofel
ect
ionsdemocr
ati
cal
l
yitt
endst
okeeppeopl
ehumbl
eorassur
edof
changeofl
eader
shi
patt
het
imeoft
het
erm ofof
fi
ceexpi
res. Thi
sgr
eat
lyr
educescoups
`
t
hatcommonl
yhappeni
nmov
ementsy
stem wher
esomet
imesl
eader
sdonotwantt
o
l
eav
epowerpeacef
ull
y.
 Di
ctat
orshi
pishi
ghl
yel
i
minat
edi
nmul
tipar
tysy
stem. Thi
sispossi
blesi
ncepeopl
ear
e
gi
venchancet
ovot
eonwhoshoul
drul
ethem. Theper
iodi
cel
ect
ionsar
eamechani
sm
t
hatbart
hosewhoar
edi
ctat
orsf
rom comi
ngbackt
opower
. Soev
ent
hosei
npower
t
endt
owor
khar
dsoast
ober
e-el
ect
edf
ort
hesameorbet
terposti
nthenew t
erm of
of
fi
ce.
 Thesy
stem i
sadv
ocat
edf
orbymanyAf
ri
cansbecausei
tsat
isf
iest
hepl
ural
i
sti
cnat
ureof
Af
ri
cansoci
eti
es. Gener
all
yAf
ri
cansdesi
ret
ober
uledi
napl
ural
i
sti
cpol
i
ticalsy
stem
whi
chcat
ersf
ort
hei
nter
est
sofev
ery
bodyal
ongt
ri
balandr
eli
giousl
i
nes.Thepol
i
cyof
di
vi
deandr
uleempl
oyedbymanycol
oni
ali
stshadcauseddi
vi
sioni
sm amongAf
ri
cans
maki
ngi
thar
dfort
hem t
ojoi
nhandandf
ightcol
oni
ali
sts. Somanyt
imesAf
ri
canswer
e
def
eat
ed.
 Mul
tipar
tysy
stem abl
yor
gani
zesel
ect
ionst
opr
esi
dencyorMemberofPar
li
amentev
ery
af
ter5y
ear
s. Thi
sensur
espeacef
ult
ransf
erofpower
.
 Thesy
stem .Thati
stosay
,int
ernal
l
yrecogni
zedt
hemi
nimum st
andar
dsofdemocr
acy
ar
eal
way
sbui
l
tal
ongt
hepar
adi
gm (
framewor
k)ofmul
tipar
ti
sm andor
gani
zedel
ect
ion
pr
ocess. I
nsuchasi
tuat
ion,v
ari
ouscandi
dat
esf
rom di
ff
erentpol
i
ticalpar
ti
escomeup
t
ocont
estf
oragi
venpostl
i
kepr
esi
dency
.
 Undert
hemul
tipar
tysy
stem chancesofeconomi
cdev
elopmenti
nthecount
ryar
ehi
gh.
As t
her
eisl
i
kel
yto be r
elat
ive peace,t
hen t
he pr
evai
l
ing condi
ti
ons can f
avour
i
nvest
ment
sandev
enout
sidei
nvest
orscanbeat
tract
edt
ocar
ryoutv
ari
ousbusi
nessi
n
t
hecount
ry.
 Thespi
ri
tofpat
ri
oti
sm (
nat
ional
i
sm)t
endst
obef
eltmost
lyi
namul
tipar
typol
i
tical
sy
stem. Peopl
ear
egener
all
ytobecomepol
i
ticall
eader
sandengagi
ngi
npol
i
ticssoas
t
odet
ermi
net
hepol
i
ticaldest
inyoft
hei
rcount
rysot
hesenseofv
oterapat
hycommoni
n
asi
ngl
epar
tysy
stem i
ski
l
led.
 Thecommonpeopl
e(publ
i
c)atl
argebenef
it
sal
otf
rom amul
tipar
tysy
stem compar
edt
o
a si
ngl
e par
tydi
spensat
ion. Dur
ing campai
gns compet
it
orsf
orv
ari
ous post
sli
ke
muni
cipaloutal
otofmoneyt
othemassest
oconv
incet
hem t
obev
otedf
oragi
venpost
.
I
nthi
swaypeopl
ebenef
itf
rom suchmoneyt
omeett
hei
rneedsl
i
kebuy
ingsugar
,par
aff
in
andsal
tathome.
`
WEAKNESSESOFMULTIPARTI
SM
Despi
tet
hev
ari
ousmer
it
sobser
vedf
rom apl
ural
i
sti
cpol
i
ticalsy
stem,i
tisobser
vedt
he
sy
stem wasi
mpor
tedandsowasv
erydest
ruct
ivet
oAf
ri
cansoci
eti
es. Ther
efor
ethe
f
oll
owi
ngpoi
ntst
endt
ounear
thi
tsunr
eal
i
sti
cfeat
ures;
 Thesy
stem hi
ghl
ypr
omot
esneo-
col
oni
ali
sm.Mostoft
hepol
i
ticalpar
ti
esexi
sti
ngi
n
v
ari
ouspar
tsofAf
ri
cawer
eandar
est
il
lfundedbyf
orei
gncount
ri
es(
Eur
opeanst
ates)
.
Consequent
lyt
hedonorcount
ri
esar
eboundt
oinf
luencet
hepol
i
ticaldeci
sionsofsucha
count
ryt
hrought
hel
eader
soft
hepar
tysuppor
ted.
 Ther
eisal
otoft
imewast
edi
npol
i
ticki
ngandmanypol
i
tici
ansgi
veupt
hei
rjobsi
nfav
our
ofacar
eeri
npol
i
tics. Forexampl
eDr
.Ki
i
zaBesi
gyef
ormerpr
esi
dentofFDC has
dev
otedhi
sent
ir
eli
fest
ruggl
i
ngt
obecomepr
esi
dentofUgandawhi
chhehashi
thert
o
f
ail
edt
osecur
eandmaynev
erbecome.
 Thesy
stem i
sver
ycost
lyi
nmonet
aryt
erms. ManyAf
ri
canst
atesar
epoory
ett
he
sy
stem r
equi
resor
gani
zi
ngf
reeandf
airel
ect
ionsper
iodi
cal
l
y. Ev
enmor
emoneyi
s
neededt
omai
ntai
nthebi
gteam ofpar
li
ament
ari
answhocomef
rom di
ff
erentpol
i
tical
par
ti
es. Thi
sonmanyoccasi
onsf
orcest
hegov
ernmentt
oresor
ttof
orei
gnbor
rowi
ng
t
hatbr
ingsaboutneo-
col
oni
ali
sm.
 Mul
tipar
ti
sm i
sar
guedagai
nstbysomepol
i
tici
ansbecausei
tpr
omot
esv
oter
iggi
ng
especi
all
ybyt
hei
ncumbentpar
ty. Forexampl
ein1980DP wonel
ect
ionsbutPaul
Muwangaannouncedl
atert
hatDPl
ostt
oUPCt
hatwasi
npowerandev
enhepr
ohi
bit
ed
any
onedi
scussi
ngaboutel
ect
ionr
esul
ts. Si
mil
arl
yrecent
lyt
her
uli
ngNRMOpar
tyhas
been r
epor
ted sev
eralt
imes i
n cour
tsf
orv
oter
iggi
ng i
n bot
h par
li
ament
ary and
pr
esi
dent
ialel
ect
ionsl
i
ke2011and2016pr
esi
dent
ialel
ect
ionsCol
onelDr
.Ki
i
zaBesi
gye
pr
ovedt
ocour
tsofl
aw how pr
esi
dentYower
iKagut
aMusev
enihadr
iggedel
ect
ionsi
n
conj
unct
ionwi
tht
heel
ect
oralcommi
ssi
onbyt
henheadedbyHaj
j
iBadi
ruKi
ggundu. But
unf
ort
unat
elyBesi
gye’
scasewasdi
smi
ssed.
 Ther
eisal
otofchaosassoci
atedwi
thpol
i
ticalpar
typl
ural
i
sm whi
chsomet
imesr
esul
ts
i
nsoci
almay
hem. Fori
nst
ancedur
ingt
he1980el
ect
ionsi
nUganda,t
her
ewer
elot
sof
i
rr
egul
ari
ti
esandmanysuppor
ter
sofUPCwoul
dgot
oDPr
all
i
est
odi
sruptt
hem andv
ice
v
ersa. Ev
en r
ecent
lyi
nthe 2016 pr
esi
dent
ialel
ect
ions,some member
sofNRMO
di
srupt
edr
all
i
esofFDCpr
esi
dent
ialcandi
dat
eDr
.Ki
i
zabesi
gyeandev
endi
srupt
edr
all
i
es
ofAmamaJohnPat
ri
ckMbabazi
.
 Somepol
i
tici
ansdi
sli
kemul
tipar
ti
sm becausepol
i
tici
ansof
teni
nsul
teachot
herandspi
l
l
`
eachot
her
’ssecr
etsi
npubl
i
c. Fori
nst
anceTamal
eMi
rundi
,Bet
tyNamboozeand
Of
wonoOpondoar
eof
teni
nvi
tedonTVorr
adi
opr
ogr
ammebutt
endt
ospeakf
oul
agai
nst
eachot
her
’spar
ty.
 Att
imest
her
eisal
otofmani
pul
ati
onoft
heel
ect
oralpr
ocess. Somei
ncumbent
or
gani
zebi
asedi
nfor
mat
iont
hatwoul
ddenyonef
rom compet
ingwi
thhi
m/her
.Theymay
dot
hisbyr
aisi
ngi
nit
ialf
undsr
equi
red. Forexampl
einUgandat
hepr
esi
dent
ialf
unds
r
equi
redwasr
aisedf
rom 8m –20mi
l
li
onsi
nthe2016pr
esi
dent
ial
elect
ions.
 I
nthi
ssy
stem ofgov
ernancechangi
ngpeopl
eatt
het
opoft
hepar
tyi
sdi
ff
icul
tandi
n
mostcases,
youdonotagr
eewi
tht
hem,
youar
efr
eet
oqui
t. Forexampl
eot
herpol
i
tical
par
ti
eshav
enothadachangeofl
eader
shi
pandcont
inuet
obegov
ernedbyNRMO.
 Undermul
tipar
ti
sm aper
soni
nthepar
tyi
snotatl
i
ber
tyt
odi
sagr
eewi
tht
heof
fi
cialpar
ty
st
and. I
fhedoes,
hemaybedi
smi
ssed. Thi
siswhyal
lNRMOmember
swhov
otedNo
on20th 122017t
oremov
ethepr
esi
dent
ialagel
i
mitwer
ecal
l
edi
nthepar
tydi
sci
pli
nar
y
commi
tt
eeon16/
01/
2018t
oexpl
ainwhyt
heyv
otedagai
nstt
hepar
tyst
andmaj
ori
ty
whi
chwasYESsuppor
ti
ngt
heamendmentoft
hebi
l
l.
 Ther
eisal
otofsect
ari
ani
sm anddi
vi
sioni
sm i
nthi
sfor
m ofgov
ernanceusual
l
ybasi
ngon
et
hni
cit
y,r
egi
onandr
eli
gion. Fori
nst
anceDPi
spr
edomi
nant
lyf
orCat
hol
i
cs,UPCf
or
Angl
i
cansuchdi
vi
sioni
suncal
l
edf
or.
 Thesy
stem pr
omot
espol
i
ticalpr
ost
it
uti
on. Somecandi
dat
est
endt
o cr
osst
othe
wi
nni
ng/
rul
i
ngpar
tysoast
obenef
itsel
fi
shl
y. Thi
sisbecausemanyAf
ri
cansl
ookat
pol
i
ticsasaj
obt
hatcanear
nonqui
ckmoney
. Dur
ingt
her
ecenty
ear
sofNRMO
l
eader
shi
p,DPhasl
ostmanyofi
tsgoodl
eader
stoei
therNRMOorFDC.Recent
lyi
n2016
t
hemi
nist
erf
ory
out
hinUgandanow madam Fl
orenceNaki
wal
aKi
yi
ngicr
ossedf
rom
Democr
ati
cPar
tyt
oNRMOgov
ernment
.
 Thesy
stem ofcont
inuo’
sandper
iodi
cel
ect
ionsdoesnotgi
veenought
imef
ort
he
gov
ernmenti
npowert
oful
fi
lli
tsagenda(
mani
fest
o)f
ordev
elopment
.Ift
hei
ncumbent
gov
ernmentl
oosesel
ect
ions,t
hei
ncomi
ngr
egi
memayabandonsuchpr
oject
sthough
coul
dbegoodandt
henewpar
tyi
npowert
akesonanewagenda.
 Thei
nvol
vementoft
hear
myi
npol
i
ticswhi
chi
scommoni
nmul
tipar
ti
sm causesmanyup
ev
il
s. Fori
nst
ancei
nUgandapr
esi
dentObot
eusedt
hear
myt
ofi
ghtKabakai
nthe
f
amousMengocr
isi
sof1966t
hatl
edt
ori
seofAmi
nin1971. Ev
ent
odayt
heNRMO
gov
ernmentusest
hear
myt
osuppr
esst
heopposi
ti
oncampai
gns. Recent
lysol
dier
s
wer
efoundmi
susi
ngt
hepar
li
ament
arychapelwher
etheyst
agedwr
ongl
yast
heyguar
ded
`
t
heNRMOpar
li
ament
ari
ansdebat
ingont
hel
i
fti
ngoft
hepr
esi
dent
ial
agel
i
mit
.
 Mul
tipar
ti
sm i
stoodi
scr
imi
nat
ive. Ther
uli
ngpar
tinmostcasest
endt
ogi
vej
obst
oit
s
member
s. Ev
en dev
elopment
s ar
e ext
ended most
lyt
o const
it
uenci
es wher
ethe
gov
ernmenti
shi
ghl
ysuppor
ted. Hencel
eadi
ngt
oregi
onali
mbal
ancesandnegl
ectof
t
alent
edpeopl
einl
eader
shi
p.
 Att
imeswhent
hepol
i
ticalspacei
sopenedt
oomanypol
i
ticalpar
ti
esar
efor
medwi
th
makest
heent
ir
epr
ocessl
osef
lav
or/meani
ng. Thi
smaygi
vet
hepar
tyal
readyi
npower
t
oconsol
i
dat
ethemsel
vesi
nleader
shi
p.
 Ther
ear
eal
otofunnecessar
ybur
eaucr
aci
esand huddl
est
o cr
ossi
nthi
sfor
m of
gov
ernanceandt
hei
deasofi
ndi
vi
dualmer
itdoesn’
treal
l
yseem t
omat
ter
. Fori
nst
ance
i
nFDCt
her
emi
sunder
standi
ngov
erwhot
ost
andort
hepr
esi
dent
ialel
ect
ions. I
sitKi
i
za
Besi
gyet
her
eti
redpr
esi
dentort
hecur
rentpr
esi
dentPat
ri
ckAmur
iat
.

PREJUDI
CEANDSOCI
ALDI
SCRI
MINATI
ON
Outoft
hemaj
orf
orms/
casesofpr
ejudi
ceandsoci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ioncommoni
nsoci
etyt
oday
;
Pr
ejudi
cecomesf
rom t
hewor
d“pr
e-j
udgment
”wher
eonej
udgesandmakesconcl
usi
ons
aboutanot
herbef
oredeal
i
ngwi
thhi
m orhery
etsoci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ionr
efer
stot
het
endency
ofj
udgi
ngandt
reat
ingpeopl
edi
ff
erent
lyespeci
all
ybasi
ngont
hei
rbel
i
efsorper
sonal
trai
ts.

FORMSOFSOCI
ALDI
SCRI
MINATI
ON
1.Raci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ion. Thi
sinv
olv
est
reat
ingpeopl
edi
ff
erent
lybasi
ngont
hecol
ourof
t
hei
rski
n. Forexampl
einSout
hAf
ri
cadur
ingt
heapar
thei
dregi
met
hebl
ackswer
e
t
reat
edl
i
kesl
avesandser
vant
s.
2.Rel
i
giousdi
scr
imi
nat
ion. I
nthi
scasepeopl
elookateachot
heronr
eli
giousgr
ounds.
OnemaybeaChr
ist
ianandi
sdi
scr
imi
nat
edbymosl
emsl
i
kei
nar
rangementseAf
ri
can
t
radi
ti
onal
soci
etyi
fhehappenst
ogot
othei
rfunct
ionsl
i
keDUWApr
ayer
s.
3.Cul
tur
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ions. Somepeopl
eil
ltr
eatorundert
reatot
her
sbecauset
heydonot
pr
act
iceandbel
i
evei
nthei
rcul
tur
albehav
ior
. Fori
nst
anceamongt
heBagi
sui
nwest
ern
Ugandapeopl
ewhost
aywi
thi
nthei
rsoci
etywhoar
eabov
e18y
ear
sbutnotci
rcumci
sed
`
ar
esegr
egat
e. Somet
imesev
ennotBagi
subybi
rt
hmaybef
orcef
ull
yci
rcumci
sed.
4.Mi
nor
it
ydi
scr
imi
nat
ion.Thi
sfor
m ofdi
scr
imi
nat
ionmayhappendependi
ngonnumber
s.
Thosewhosenumber
sespeci
all
yont
ri
balbasest
endst
obehi
ghermaysegr
egat
ethe
l
owernumber
s. Thi
swashi
stor
ical
l
ynot
edi
nRwandaandBur
undiwher
etheHut
u
di
scr
imi
nat
edt
heTut
sir
esul
ti
ngi
ntoawari
n1990–1994.
5.Tr
ibaldi
scr
imi
nat
ion. Peopl
e her
etend t
o segr
egat
e member
s ofot
hert
ri
bes or
segr
egat
epeopl
eofagi
vent
ri
be.I
nUgandat
heBagandahi
stor
ical
l
ywer
eatl
ongerheads
wi
thBany
orosi
nceBugandahadcapt
uredBuny
oroar
easofBuy
agaandBugangay
izibut
now t
heyar
eingoodt
erms. Howev
ersi
gnsoft
ri
baldi
scr
imi
nat
ionsar
est
il
lnot
ed
bet
weenBagandawhokeepbel
i
ttl
i
ngt
het
hinki
ngofsomeBasoga.
6.Nat
ional
i
tydi
scr
imi
nat
ion. Ther
ear
esomenat
ionswhi
chconsi
dert
hemsel
vest
obe
super
iorandsokeepunder
mini
ngot
herst
ates.Fori
nst
anceget
ti
ngav
isaf
oraUgandan
t
ogoandwor
kinGer
manorUSAi
snoteasybecauset
heyunder
lookt
hecapabi
l
ityof
bl
acks.
7.Sexualdi
scr
imi
nat
ion. The mal
eness orf
emal
eness ofa per
son may cause a
di
scr
imi
nat
iont
ohi
m/her
. Womeni
nthi
scasear
etr
eat
edasaweaksexandt
imi
l
d. So
someempl
oyer
sdonotappoi
ntt
hem ont
oppost
s. Suchwhent
heygetmar
ri
edt
heyar
e
f
orcedt
odr
oppar
toft
hei
rnameswhi
chmendonotdo,andt
henadoptt
hehusband’
s
namesf
orex
ampl
eMr
s.Ki
ntu.
8.Phy
sicaldi
scr
imi
nat
ion. Thephy
sicalappear
ancei
nter
msofhei
ghtandmaybecol
our
andski
nnat
uredet
ermi
neshowsomebodymaybet
reat
ed. I
nmanycaseswomenwho
ar
eobeseandv
eryot
hersoshor
tnat
urepeopl
eli
kepy
gmi
esar
etr
eat
edbymanypeopl
e
bypi
tyanddi
scr
imi
nat
ed.
9.Di
sabi
l
itydi
scr
imi
nat
ion. I
nmanycasespeopl
ear
etr
eat
eddi
ff
erent
lydependi
ngon
whet
herornotonei
sdi
sabl
edl
i
ket
hel
ame,andi
nsane.I
nmanyessent
ialpl
acesi
n
Ugandal
i
kehospi
tal
s,banksandschool
sthebui
l
dingsdonotcat
erf
ort
hel
amei
ndi
cat
ing
di
scr
imi
nat
ion.
10.
Cast
edi
scr
imi
nat
ion. I
nsomecommuni
ti
espeopl
ear
ecat
egor
izedi
ncl
assesdependi
ng
onher
edi
tyandbi
rt
h. Member
sofdi
ff
erentcast
esar
etr
eat
eddi
ff
erent
ly. Fori
nst
ance
Uganda/Bugandaki
ngdom,t
her
oyalf
ami
l
ymember
sar
etr
eat
edspeci
aly
ett
heot
her
commonpeopl
ewhet
herr
ichorpoor
,ol
dory
oungal
way
sbowdownt
other
oyalf
ami
l
y
member
sonspeci
alf
unct
ions.
11.
Agedi
scr
imi
nat
ion. Thi
sisav
erycommonf
orm ofdi
scr
imi
nat
ioni
nwhi
chy
oungpeopl
e
`
ar
etr
eat
edandunder
lookedbyt
heseni
orsi
nage. Fori
nst
ancet
heconst
it
uti
onof
Ugandabar
sany
onebel
ow 18y
ear
sofaget
oengagei
nsexorbemar
ri
ed.Soany
one
caughtdoi
ngsomaybeconv
ict
edofpr
act
ici
ngf
orni
cat
ionori
nvol
vedi
nrape,
def
il
ement
oradul
ter
y.
12.
Pol
i
ticaldi
scr
imi
nat
ion. Thosei
npowert
endt
orewar
dint
ermsofof
fi
cest
oonl
ythose
whosi
dewi
tht
hem andwhosev
aluesar
eident
icalt
othei
rs. Sot
heopposi
ti
oni
susual
l
y
di
scr
imi
nat
edagai
nst
. Fori
nst
anceal
lmi
nist
erandr
esi
dentdi
str
ictcommi
ssi
oner
sin
t
hecur
rentnat
ionalr
esi
stancemov
ementor
gani
zat
ion(
NRMO)gov
ernmentar
etakent
o
bepar
tysuppor
ter
s.
13.
Prof
essi
onaldi
scr
imi
nat
ion. On sev
eraloccasi
ons peopl
e ar
etr
eat
ed di
ff
erent
ly
dependi
ngont
hei
rcar
eer
s. Gener
all
yinUgandat
houghgr
aduat
esusedt
ober
espect
ed
ev
ery wher
e,gr
aduat
eteacher
srecei
ve much di
scr
imi
nat
ion among ot
hergr
aduat
e
becauset
heyt
endt
orecei
vepoorsal
ari
escompar
edt
oot
her
s.
14.
Economi
cdi
scr
imi
nat
ion. I
nthi
sfor
m,peopl
ear
etr
eat
edwi
thal
otofr
espectandl
oveor
ar
edi
scr
imi
nat
eddependi
ngont
hei
rfi
nanci
alst
atus. Peopl
eli
keWav
amuno,John
Ssebana Ki
zi
to,Ssebal
amu ar
e hi
ghl
yrespect
ed because t
hey hav
e pr
oved t
o be
bour
geoi
sie.

CAUSESOFPREJUDI
CEANDSOCI
ALDI
SCRI
MINATI
ONI
NSOCI
ETY
 Thei
nfl
uenceoft
hepastexper
iencesomet
imesmayl
eadt
opr
ejudi
ceanddi
scr
imi
nat
ion.
Somepeopl
eatmat
uri
tyorwheni
npowermayt
urnoutt
otor
tur
eone’
sbr
otherorsi
ster
.
Thi
ssi
gnofpr
ejudi
ceorsoci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ionmayewel
lexhi
bit
edwhenonecomesf
oran
i
nter
viewi
napl
acewher
enowt
hei
nter
viewerwasoncet
ort
uredbyt
her
elat
iveoft
heone
comi
ngf
ort
hei
nter
view.
 Pr
ejudi
cemayhappenduet
omi
sfor
tunat
eandi
gnor
anceoft
hel
aw orone’
sri
ght
s.
Someonemaybehi
redt
otal
kil
ltowar
dsot
her
s. Somepeopl
ear
edi
scr
imi
nat
edbasi
ng
ont
hepr
iori
nfor
mat
iongi
vent
othem byt
heel
der
sorj
ustcl
osef
ri
end. Forexampl
e
manypeopl
etaket
heBaki
gaasbel
l
iger
entbutsomemaybehumbl
emanycal
l
sthe
Bat
oor
oar
ever
ylazypeopl
ebutt
her
ear
emanywhoar
ehar
dwor
king. Ot
herpeopl
e
pr
act
icepr
ejudi
cebecausehe/
shewast
oldt
hatal
lBagandaar
ecr
aft
yyett
her
ecoul
dbe
somewhoar
ehonest
.
 Theeducat
ionl
evel
sar
eal
soabi
gbasi
sforpr
ejudi
ceorsoci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ion. The
hi
ghl
yeducat
ed peopl
ewi
thl
evel
sli
keBachel
orsand mast
ersordoct
orat
etend t
o
`
dev
elopdi
scr
imi
nat
ionhabi
tsbyal
i
enat
ingt
hemsel
vesf
rom t
hei
l
li
ter
ates.Fori
nst
ance
t
hel
awy
ers/
judgescal
lthemsel
ves‘
thel
ear
nedf
ri
ends”
.
 Col
oni
ali
sm t
endenci
esi
nAf
ri
cahav
econt
inuedt
omani
festsi
gnsofsoci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ion.
Thecol
oni
almast
ersi
nst
igat
ed ser
ioushat
red bet
ween manyAf
ri
can soci
eti
es.For
exampl
etheBr
it
ishcr
eat
edabi
gmi
sunder
standi
ngbet
weent
heBagandaandBany
oro,
t
heMasai
andNandi
inKeny
aandt
heFant
eandAsant
einW.
A.
 Pr
idei
sanot
herbi
gcauseofsoci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ionorpr
ejudi
cecommoni
nsoci
ety
. Some
peopl
efeelhi
ghl
yaboutt
hemsel
vesanddonotgi
ver
espect(
damn)aboutot
her
s. Thi
s
mai
nlyhappensbecauseonef
eel
seconomi
cal
l
yst
rongandphy
sical
l
yormi
l
itar
il
yst
rong.
Thi
shasbeenexempl
i
fiedbyt
hecur
rentpr
esi
dentofUSATr
ump.D.whodi
sli
kesbl
acks
especi
all
yAf
ri
cansi
nUSAwhom hekeepsput
ti
ngupmeasur
est
opusht
hem out
.
 Si
gnsofpr
ejudi
ceandsoci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ionar
eexposedt
osomepeopl
ebecausesome
peopl
ear
esegr
egat
ivei
nnat
ureduet
olackofawar
eness. Theydependonsmal
lissues
andt
husper
mitt
hem t
odev
elopbi
asest
owar
dseachot
her
. Fori
nst
ancesomeSebei
and Ki
kuy
u st
il
lbel
i
evei
n women ci
rcumci
sion i
gnor
ant
lynotknowi
ng t
he negat
ive
r
eper
cussi
onsofsuchapr
act
ice.
 Sel
fi
shnessi
scommoni
npol
i
ticaldi
scr
imi
nat
ion. Manypol
i
ticalheadsofst
atear
enot
gener
all
ywi
l
li
ngt
oshar
ethenat
ionalcakewi
tht
heopposi
ti
onpar
ti
es. Forexampl
ea
f
ormerdi
ehar
dofPr
esi
dentYower
iKagut
aMusev
eni
,Er
iaKat
egay
awast
hrownoutoft
he
cabi
neti
nthe2003r
eshuf
fl
e. Si
mil
arl
ythef
ormerpr
imemi
nist
erofUgandaJohnPat
ri
ck
AmamaMbabaziwasr
eshuf
fl
edwhenhecl
aimedt
ost
andf
orpr
esi
dencyi
n2016andso
was.
 Somepeopl
edonothav
eapat
hy(
concer
n)f
orot
her
sandsol
ookati
ssuesf
rom v
ery
nar
rowper
spect
ivewhi
chi
ndi
cat
essi
gnsofdi
scr
imi
nat
ion.
 Di
scr
imi
nat
ionatt
imescomesf
rom l
acksi
gnsoft
oler
ancet
owar
dsot
herpeopl
e’
sval
ues
t
hatt
heyhol
dwi
thhi
ghest
eem. Fori
nst
ancemanyBany
ankol
edonotl
i
keorsuppor
tthe
i
deaofl
andr
egi
str
ati
onbyBugandal
andboar
dandFeder
ogov
ernment
sadv
ocat
edf
orby
t
heBagandabecauset
heyt
hinkt
heywi
l
llooset
hei
rlandort
hei
rst
ayi
nBugandar
egi
on
whi
chmaynotbet
rue.
.
 Soci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ionatt
imesemanat
esf
rom conser
vat
ivenessandunwi
l
li
ngnesst
o
acceptchangeasaf
actofl
i
fe. Fori
nst
anceheNRMOgov
ernmenthascont
inuedt
o
show si
gnsofpr
ejudi
ceordi
scr
imi
nat
iont
owar
dst
hei
deasoft
heopposi
ti
onmember
s
because NRMO i
sconser
vat
iveand nev
ert
hinksofanyonet
imel
eav
ing powerof
`
pr
esi
dency
.
 Si
gnsofi
rr
eli
giousnesshav
eincr
easedt
endenci
esofsegr
egat
ionsi
nsoci
ety
. Wehav
e
gotmanyspl
i
ntergr
oupsi
ntheChr
ist
ianf
ait
hst
ati
ngupasbor
nagai
nchur
ches. Butst
il
l
member
soft
hesedi
ff
erentchur
chesdonothav
egoodr
elat
ionsasChr
ist
iansandt
hus
i
rr
eli
giousnesscausi
ngmor
edi
scr
imi
nat
ioni
nsoci
ety
.
 Gr
oupi
ngsal
socausedi
scr
imi
nat
ionsi
nsoci
ety
. Whent
eenager
sar
eencour
agedt
o
f
orm di
ff
erentgr
oupsaccor
dingagebr
acket
sorsex. Sexdi
scr
imi
nat
ioncannotbe
av
oided. Eachgr
oupf
eel
ssuper
iort
otheot
herandi
spr
ejudi
cedagai
nstt
hem.
SOLUTI
ONSTOSOCI
ALDI
SCRI
MINATI
ON
Whatdoest
hebi
ble/
chur
ch/
Chr
ist
iani
tyt
eachaboutdi
scr
imi
nat
ion?
 Thebi
blet
eachest
hatal
lmanki
ndwascr
eat
edi
nthei
mageofGodandl
i
kenessandso
wear
eal
lequalbef
orehi
m. Thi
sisr
efl
ect
edi
nGen1:
26. Thi
sisacal
lal
lpeopl
eto
t
reateachot
herbasi
ngonone’
sweal
th.
 Thechur
chl
eader
shav
epr
eachedagai
nstt
hei
ssueofdi
scr
imi
nat
ionbyshowi
ngt
hat
chur
chshoul
dbeuni
ver
sal
. Jesus’gospelwasf
orbot
hJewsandgent
il
esr
ichorpoor
andt
heycal
luponbel
i
ever
stobeuni
tedi
nfai
thnotmi
ndi
ngmuchaboutt
hei
rtr
ibes.
 Thechur
chhast
ri
edt
osol
vet
hepr
obl
em ofsoci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ionbyencour
agi
ngj
oint
pr
ayer
s. Todayweev
enf
indCat
hol
i
cs,Angl
i
cansandbor
nagai
nstpr
ayi
ngt
oget
herf
or
peacei
nthenat
ion. Thechur
chhascont
inuedt
opr
ayf
ort
hedi
scr
imi
nat
edpeopl
eto
hav
est
rengt
htocar
ryonwi
thl
i
fe. Theyt
ryt
oref
lectt
hei
rmi
ndst
opeopl
eint
hebi
ble
l
i
kepr
ophetEl
i
jahwhowasper
secut
edbyki
ngAhabandhi
swi
feJezebelbutendur
edt
he
suf
fer
ing(
1Ki
ngs18:
20)andbecamev
ict
ori
ous.
 Var
iouschur
chl
eader
shav
eassi
stedt
hedi
scr
imi
nat
edpeopl
einsoci
etybyopeni
ngup
door
s/av
enuest
oreachoutt
othel
eader
sforgui
danceandcounsel
i
ng. Thi
shashel
ped
manysoci
all
ydi
scr
imi
nat
edpeopl
etor
ecei
veapeaceofmi
nd.
 Thebi
blehast
aughtt
hedi
scr
imi
nat
edpeopl
etocont
inueext
endi
ngl
i
mit
lessl
oveev
ent
o
t
hosewhooppr
esst
hem. Thi
sindi
cat
esf
oll
owi
ngJesus’
teachi
ngandexampl
ebecause
het
aughtt
hef
oll
ower
stoev
enl
ovet
hei
renemi
esast
heyl
ovedt
hemsel
ves. Thebi
ble
al
soext
endsJesus’l
ovet
hroughdy
ingont
hecr
ossf
ort
hesi
nsofal
lmanki
ndt
heJews
andgent
il
es.
 Thechur
chhashel
pedt
hedi
scr
imi
nat
edt
hroughset
ti
ngupschool
sandsomet
imes
of
fer
ingf
inanci
alassi
stancef
ort
hedi
scr
imi
nat
edt
ost
udy
. Forexampl
ethechur
chr
uns
managementofMandel
aschooloft
hebl
i
ndi
nit
iat
edbyt
heSor
oticat
hol
i
cdi
ocese.Thi
s
`
upl
i
ftst
hewayofl
i
fef
ort
hedi
scr
imi
nat
edbl
i
ndpeopl
einsoci
ety
.
 TheChr
ist
ianspr
eachagai
nstdi
scr
imi
nat
ionbyhi
ghl
i
ght
ingi
tsdi
sast
rousef
fect
sandi
n
t
hispeopl
ear
emadeawar
eoft
hepr
obl
emsassoci
atedwi
thdi
scr
imi
nat
ionsofone
anot
her
. Suchact
sli
kemobj
ust
icehav
ebeenabusedbecausesomet
imest
hel
eadt
o
i
nnocentki
l
li
ngs.
 Thechur
chhascont
inuedt
odev
elopt
hespi
ri
tofgoodSamar
it
ani
sm.Bel
i
ever
sar
eusi
ng
t
heexampl
eoft
hebi
blest
oryi
nJohn4:
1-23,
Luke10:
25-
37t
oteacht
hatdi
scr
imi
nat
ioni
s
wr
ong.
 Thechur
chl
eader
sandChr
ist
ianl
eader
sar
ejoi
ntl
yst
ruggl
i
ngt
odemandt
hepar
li
ament
ofUgandat
opassl
awst
hatdonotdi
scr
imi
nat
epeopl
eir
respect
iveofcol
ourhei
ghtor
gender
. I
nthi
swayt
het
radi
ti
onalwayofdi
scr
imi
nat
ingAl
binosi
snow dy
ingoutand
nowpeopl
ehav
est
art
edassoci
ati
ngwi
tht
hem f
reel
yasf
ell
owhumanbei
ngs.
 I
nor
dert
ofi
ghtdi
scr
imi
nat
iont
endenci
es,t
hechur
chl
eader
shav
eencour
agedbel
i
ever
s
whohav
ethequal
i
ficat
ionsr
equi
redt
ojoi
npol
i
tics. Sot
hishashel
pedal
ott
ofi
ght
agai
nstdi
ctat
orshi
p and segr
egat
ivel
awsl
i
keoneon mar
ri
agewhi
ch i
sunr
eli
gious
opposi
ngt
het
eachi
ngsi
nmar
k10:
1-12.
 Thechur
chhasal
sohel
pedt
ofi
ghtagai
nstsoci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ionbyt
eachi
ngaboutgood
heal
thmeasur
es. I
thasdonet
hist
hrought
reat
ingt
hedi
scr
imi
nat
edl
i
kewomeni
njur
ed
by t
hei
rhusbands athome or……….
such hospi
tal
s setby t
he chur
ch hel
ping t
he
di
scr
imi
nat
ed ar
e Nami
rembe hospi
tal
,Rubaga Hospi
tal
,Ki
subihospi
taland ki
tov
u
hospi
tal
whi
chspeci
fi
cal
l
ytr
eAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
etywomenf
ist
ulai
nfect
ion.
 Accor
dingt
othegospelofLuke14;
12,Jesusshowst
hatweshoul
dinv
itet
hepoort
othe
par
ti
est
hatwemake. Sot
hishasbeenpi
ckedbymanybel
i
ever
swhoi
nvi
tesoror
gani
ze
par
ti
esort
akei
temsl
i
kesugar
,soapandcl
othest
othosedi
scr
imi
nat
edi
nsoci
etyl
i
ket
he
chi
l
drenatSsany
uBabi
eshomei
nNami
rembe.
 Chr
ist
ianshav
econt
inuedt
opr
eacht
hegospelt
hatt
hroughAbr
aham’
scal
l
,al
lnat
ions
wer
ebl
essed. Thi
stheyt
eacht
oal
lpeopl
etosopt
endenci
esofr
aci
sm.

LAW ANDORDER
CHRI
STI
ANTEACHI
NGONRESPECTANDOBEDI
ENCEOFTHESTATELAWS
`
 I
tist
hemor
alr
ightanddut
yofal
lci
ti
zenst
oobeyt
hest
atel
awsandaut
hor
it
y.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
drespectt
hel
awsoft
hecount
rybecausei
t’
sGod’
swi
l
lthatl
awsand
aut
hor
it
yar
einexi
stence.
 Godgav
eMosest
het
en(
10)commandment
stogui
det
hepeopl
eint
hei
rwayofl
i
ving
andi
t’
sfr
om t
hesel
awst
hatal
lourl
awshav
eaf
oundat
ionhencet
heneedt
orespect
t
hem.
 Si
ncet
hel
awsar
efort
hegoodofmanki
ndandi
tpr
omot
esl
ovei
nsoci
ety
,itshoul
d
t
her
efor
ebeobey
edandr
espect
ed.
 I
fthel
awsconf
ir
mtoChr
ist
ianet
hics. Forexampl
etheyseek,
preser
vet
hedi
gni
tyof
humanl
i
fet
henChr
ist
ianwhoar
ecr
eat
edi
nimageofGodal
sohav
ear
ightt
oobeyi
t.
 Chr
ist
iansoughtt
oobeyt
hel
awsoft
hecount
ryi
fiti
sinposi
ti
ont
oest
abl
i
shgood
r
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenaut
hor
it
iesandci
ti
zens.
 Asl
ongast
hel
awsar
einconf
ormi
tywi
thGod’
swi
l
l,t
henChr
ist
ianshav
enoopt
ionbut
t
oobey
.
 I
fthel
awsmakei
tpossi
blef
ort
heci
ti
zenst
oli
vei
nhar
monyandpeacet
hent
hey
shoul
dbeobey
ed.
 Lawst
hatt
ryt
opr
otectt
hehumanr
ight
sofi
ndi
vi
dual
smustber
espect
edandobey
ed
byChr
ist
ians.
 Pr
ovi
dedt
hest
atel
awsdonotcont
radi
ctwi
tht
hedi
vi
nel
awsandChr
ist
ianpr
inci
ples.
Forexampl
elegal
i
zingofpr
ost
it
uti
on,abor
ti
onandot
her
sthenChr
ist
ianshav
ethe
mor
alr
ightt
oobeyi
t.
 I
napl
ural
i
sti
c/het
erogeneoussoci
etyf
ort
hel
awst
obeobey
ed,i
tmustcat
erf
ort
he
di
ff
erences among t
he ci
ti
zens. For exampl
erel
i
gious di
ff
erences,cul
tur
al
di
ff
erencesandmanyot
her
s
 Si
nceoursav
iorJesusf
oll
owedandsuppor
tedt
hel
awsofhi
sti
me. Forexampl
ehe
i
squot
edt
ohav
esai
d;“
giv
etoCaesarwhatbel
ongst
oCaesarandGodwhatbel
ongs
t
oGod”.Thus,
weashi
sfol
l
ower
shav
ether
ightt
oobeyt
hel
aws.
 Si
ncet
heaut
hor
it
ymakesl
awsandaut
hor
it
yisGodgi
ven,i
t’
sther
efor
epr
operf
or
Chr
ist
ianst
oobeyt
hest
ateaut
hor
it
iesandl
aws.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dobeyl
awst
hatpr
omot
ereconci
l
iat
ionanduni
tyamongChr
ist
ians.
Forex
ampl
ethel
awofAmnest
ygi
vent
other
ebel
s.
 Di
sobey
ingofmor
all
awsbyaChr
ist
iani
sequi
val
entt
odi
sobey
ingGodhi
msel
fandas
suchi
spuni
shabl
e.
`

CONDI
TIONSWHENACHRI
STI
ANSHOULDNOTOBEY/
OPPOSETHELAWSOF
THESTATE
 Lawswhi
chv
iol
atet
heci
ti
zen’
sri
ghtmaynotbeobey
ed. Forexampl
elawswhi
ch
encour
agecapi
tal
puni
shment
.
 Lawswhi
cht
endt
opr
omot
edi
scr
imi
nat
ionshoul
dn’
tbeobey
edbyChr
ist
ians.For
exampl
einNi
ger
ia,t
heChr
ist
iansopposedt
heposi
ti
onoft
heShar
ial
aw becausei
t
wasn’
tfav
ori
ngt
hem.
 Lawst
hatseem t
opr
omot
eanyf
orm ofi
mmor
ali
tyshoul
dnotbeobey
ed.Forexampl
e
l
egal
i
zat
ionofpr
ost
it
uti
onandabor
ti
on.
 I
ftheear
thl
ylawsconf
li
ct/cont
radi
ctwi
tht
hedi
vi
ne/heav
enl
ylaws. Forexampl
ein
caset
hest
atepassesabi
l
ltoki
l
lal
lfor
eigner
sthensuchal
aw cont
radi
ctswi
tht
he
sacr
ednessofl
i
feandshoul
dn’
tbeobey
ed.
 Lawst
hatconf
li
ctwi
tht
hei
ndi
vi
dualconsci
enceshoul
dn’
tbeobey
ed.Forexampl
e
l
awst
hatmayf
ost
eri
rr
eli
gion/pagani
sm at
hei
sm.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dn’
tal
l
owl
awswhi
chf
aci
l
itat
eexpl
oit
ati
on,
inanywayandt
hati
swhy
pr
ophetAmosst
rongl
ycondemnedt
heexpl
oit
ati
onoft
hepoorbyt
her
ich.
 Lawst
hatencour
ageci
vi
lwar
s,i
nter
nalconf
li
ctsoughtt
obecondemnedoropposed.
Forexampl
eraci
sm andapar
thei
dwasopposedbyAr
chbi
shopDesmondTut
uof
Sout
hAf
ri
caandJananLuwum ofUgandaopposedt
hedi
ctat
orshi
pofI
diAmi
n.
 Laws t
hatdi
sregar
dthe under
pri
vi
leged.Thati
sto say
,lame,chi
l
dren,or
phans,
st
ranger
sshoul
dn’
tbeobey
ed. Forexampl
eint
hebi
bleJesuswel
comedal
lthe
chi
l
dren,
Jesusal
soassoci
atedwi
thal
lout
cast
s.
 Theabov
eshoul
dbesor
tedbyanon-
viol
entmanner
.Thati
stosay
,itshoul
dbe
t
hroughapeacef
ulandposi
ti
veat
ti
tude.Thati
stosay
,demonst
rat
ions,appeal
i
ngt
o
i
nter
nat
ional
bodi
esl
i
keOAU,
UN,
Amnest
yInt
ernat
ional
andcounci
lofchur
ches.
Not
e:I
tisaccept
abl
etouse“
ifcl
ause”orhy
pot
het
icalphr
aseswhenanswer
ingt
he
abov
e.Forex
ampl
eif
,when,
incaseand ot
her
s

CHRI
STI
ANSTEACHI
NGABOUTTHELAW
 Chr
ist
iansst
rongl
ybel
i
evet
hatt
hel
aw i
sresponsi
blef
orequal
i
tyi
nthesoci
etyand
t
hati
tgoesbey
ondt
heboundar
iesofr
ace,sexandmaki
ngev
ery
bodyasi
steranda
br
other
.
`
 Chr
ist
iansoughtt
obesubmi
ssi
vej
ustasSt
.Pet
ert
eachesmostespeci
all
ytot
hest
ate
l
awsbecauset
heyar
eGodor
dai
ned. (
1Pet
er2:
13)
 Thel
awi
snecessar
ybecauseGodgav
eitt
otheJewsonMt
.Si
nai(
Ex20:
1-17)wher
e
her
eveal
edhi
swi
l
landt
heDecal
oguei
sthespr
ingboar
dofal
ther
estofhumanl
aws.
 Jesusr
ecogni
zedt
hel
awsofhi
sti
me.Thati
stosay
,heoncesai
d;‘
’
giv
eCaesarwhat
bel
ongst
oCaesarandt
oGodwhatbel
ongst
oGod’
’(Mk12:
17).
ThusChr
ist
iansar
e
cal
l
edt
orespectbot
hthest
atel
awsandt
her
eli
giousl
aws.
 Jesuscommendedust
ofol
l
owt
hegr
eat
estofal
ll
aws,
lov
eandt
oreal
i
zet
hepur
pose
oft
hel
awi
stobr
ingl
ovet
othesoci
etyt
her
efor
eweshoul
dfol
l
owt
heset
oenhance
t
hisl
oveandhar
mony
.
 Jesusst
atedt
hathedi
dn’
tcomet
odoawaywi
tht
hel
awbutt
oper
fecti
t,meani
ngt
hat
t
hel
awi
sther
efor
egoodf
ormanandt
ogui
dehi
sconducti
nsoci
ety
.
 Jesusacknowl
edgedandaccept
edt
hewor
ldl
yaut
hor
it
yofPi
l
atebutwasqui
ckt
otel
l
hi
mthathi
sfat
heri
nheav
eni
sthegi
verofaut
hor
it
y,John19:
11. Forexampl
ehe
submi
tt
edt
oPi
l
ate.
 Nost
atet
her
efor
eexi
stswi
thoutGod’
swi
l
landwi
sht
her
efor
eev
enChr
ist
iansshoul
d
cor
por
atewi
tht
hest
ate.(
Rom 13:
7)
 Chr
ist
ianshav
eadualadualci
ti
zenshi
p.Thati
stosay
,theyar
eci
ti
zensoft
hewor
ld
andatt
hesamet
imeci
ti
zensofheav
enhencet
heyneedt
obel
oyal
tobot
h.
 Si
nceal
laut
hor
it
yisdi
vi
negi
ven,Chr
ist
ianshav
ether
ightt
oobeyandt
hosei
n
l
eader
shi
phav
ether
ightt
omaket
hewi
l
lofGodknown.
Sampl
equest
ions
1.“
Whenl
awsar
eunj
ustwehavenotonl
yther
ightbutt
hedut
ytoopposei
t”
. Di
scuss.
2.Exami
net
headvi
cey
ouwoul
dgi
vet
otheoppr
essedsoast
oover
comest
ateof
oppr
essi
on.

SUGGESTI
ONSTOCURBCRI
MES
Ther
eisneedf
oraj
ointef
for
tthatshoul
dinv
olv
eal
lpeopl
easf
oll
ows;
 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dtr
ytocr
eat
eabal
ancedr
uraldev
elopmentt
oreduceonr
ural
ur
banmi
grat
ion.
 I
tshoul
dsetupi
ndust
ri
esandf
act
ori
est
oabsor
btheunempl
oymentl
abour
.
 Thegov
ernmentshoul
dful
l
yequi
pthesecur
it
yor
gansi
nthecount
ry.Thati
stosay
,
wi
thpat
rolv
ans,r
adi
o cal
l
scommuni
cat
ionsy
stems. Forexampl
einMaker
ere
`
Uni
ver
sit
ywher
esecur
it
ywasbeef
edup.
 The gov
ernmentshoul
d setup heav
y penal
ti
es on cr
imi
nal
s.Thati
sto say
,
i
mpr
isonmentandmanyot
her
s
 Aski
ngpeopl
etoassi
stt
hepeopl
eini
nvest
igat
ions,
ring999or112onmobi
l
esshoul
d
uset
hecommuni
tyt
oeducat
eoncommuni
typol
i
cing.Thati
stosay
,cr
imeawar
eness.
 Themassmedi
ashoul
dbeusedt
oeducat
ethepopul
ati
ononhow t
okeepl
aw and
or
deri
nthesoci
ety
. Forexampl
etheUTVadv
ertont
err
ori
sm,whi
chsay
s“beawar
e
oft
err
ori
standr
epor
tanysuspi
ciouscase”
.
 Thechur
chshoul
d st
rongl
ycondemn cr
imi
nalact
sli
keabor
ti
on,pr
ost
it
uti
on and
mur
derandi
fpossi
blei
tshoul
dpuni
shbyex-
communi
cat
ionasr
ecommendedbySt
.
Paul
.
 Cr
imi
nal
sshoul
dbecounsel
edandgui
dedsoast
oref
ormj
ustasJesuscounsel
edt
he
si
nner
s,t
axcol
l
ect
ors. Forexampl
eheadv
isedt
headul
ter
ouswomant
ogobutnot
t
osi
nagai
n.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dfol
l
owandappl
ythel
awofl
oveandt
hatoft
heDecal
ogue.Thati
sto
say
,lov
eyournei
ghborasy
oul
ovey
our
sel
f.
 Theyshoul
dpr
ayf
ort
hecr
imi
nal
sto changei
nto bet
terper
sonj
ustasSt
.Paul
changedf
rom mur
der
ert
orel
i
giousper
son.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dappl
ysel
f-
cont
rol
inor
dert
oov
ercomeal
lthei
rev
ilway
s.
OPPONENTSOFCAPI
TALPUNI
SHMENTS
Theopponent
sfor
war
dthef
oll
owi
ngr
easonsf
ort
hei
rcase;
 Capi
tal
puni
shmenti
sir
rev
ersi
bleandf
inal
hencer
igi
dext
remei
nnat
ure.
 Capi
tal
puni
shmenti
sini
tsel
fasi
nfornohumanbei
nghasar
ightt
otakeone’
sli
fe.
 Capi
tal
puni
shmenti
sext
remel
yunf
airandr
egr
ett
abl
eincaset
heact
ual
per
soni
shur
t.
 I
nEx13,Mt5:
12-
22,God f
orbi
dst
het
aki
ng ofanot
herman’
sli
fehencecapi
tal
puni
shment
scont
radi
ctwi
tht
heDecal
ogue.
 Mani
scr
eat
edi
nGod’
simageandt
hati
mageshoul
dber
eser
vedandpr
eser
ved.
 Ki
l
li
ngofacr
imi
nalwoul
dbeanabuseandav
iol
ati
onofoneoft
hemaj
orr
ight
sofa
humanbei
ng.Thati
stosay
,ther
ightt
oli
fe.
 Theyal
soar
guet
hatcapi
talpuni
shmenti
snotChr
ist
ianatal
lbecausei
tvi
olat
est
he
Chr
ist
ianpr
inci
plesofl
ove,
kindness,
reconci
l
iat
ionaswel
lasf
ait
handhope.
 Theyal
soar
guet
hati
tpr
omot
esordeal
swi
tht
hesy
mpt
omsi
nst
eadoft
hedi
sease.
Thati
stosay
,theyar
guet
hatt
hegov
ernmentshoul
densur
ethatt
heenv
ironmenti
s
`
f
reef
rom cr
eat
ingcr
imi
nal
sandt
husi
tispossi
blebyensur
ingpeaceandj
ust
ice,
st
abi
l
ityandeducat
ionandt
hemasses.
 Ot
heropponent
sar
guet
hatt
her
ear
ebet
teral
ter
nat
ivesofmet
ingoutpuni
shment
s
ot
hert
hancapi
talpuni
shment
. Forexampl
eimpr
isonment
,pay
ingoff
inesandmany
ot
her
s
 Capi
talpuni
shmenti
nfor
m ofpubl
i
cexecut
ionandf
ir
ingsquadmayhav
eanegat
ive
ef
fectont
hepubl
i
cpar
ti
cul
arl
ythey
oungwhomaybecomet
raumat
izedanddev
elop
nor
espectf
orl
i
featal
l
.
 Thesol
epur
poseofpuni
shmenti
sref
ormat
iveot
hert
handest
ruct
ivet
her
efor
eone
whoki
l
lst
hecr
imi
nal
doesnoti
nanywayhel
phi
mtor
efor
m.

CHRI
STI
ANPOSI
TIONONTHEUSEOFCAPI
TALPUNI
SHMENT
ToaChr
ist
ian,
capi
talpuni
shmenti
scont
rar
ytot
heChr
ist
ianet
hicsandpr
inci
ples
asseenbel
ow;
 Ki
l
li
ngofaper
soni
ssi
nbef
oreGodandbef
orehumani
tyExodus:20.Thati
stosay
,
t
houshal
lnotki
l
l.
 Godi
stheonl
yonewi
thar
ightt
opuni
shbydeat
h.
 Chr
ist
iani
tydemandsf
orf
orgi
venesst
othosewhoof
fendus.Thati
stosay
,ref
ert
o
t
heLor
d’sPr
ayer
.
 Capi
tal
puni
shmentcont
radi
ctswi
tht
heChr
ist
ianpr
inci
pleofl
oveofone’
snei
ghbor
.
 I
tgi
vesnochanceandr
oom f
orr
efor
m.
 Capi
tal
puni
shmentbear
snomor
all
essonont
heof
fender
.
 I
tisav
iol
ati
onweneedt
opr
eser
vet
hei
mageofGodot
hert
handest
roy
ingi
t.
 Capi
tal
puni
shmenti
sver
ydegr
adi
ngandhumi
l
iat
ing.
 Somecr
imi
nal
sar
enotr
esponsi
blei
nthatsomemayhav
ebeenmadori
nsane.
 Twowr
ongsdonotmakear
ight
.
 TheChr
ist
iansbel
i
evet
hatcapi
tal
puni
shmentdoesnotdet
ercr
imei
nthesoci
ety
.That
i
stosay
,si
mil
arcr
imesar
est
il
li
npl
ace.
 Chr
ist
iani
tycal
l
sforr
epent
ance.Thati
stosay
,Dav
idaf
tercommi
tt
ingadul
ter
yand
mur
der
,her
epent
edandwasf
orgi
ven.
 Capi
tal
puni
shmentbr
eedsr
evenget
hati
sagai
nstt
heChr
ist
iant
eachi
ng.
CORPORALPUNI
SHMENT
`
Thi
sist
heactofi
nfl
i
cti
ngpai
nont
heof
fender
/st
udentt
hrought
heuseoft
heCai
n.
I
thasmetmi
xedr
eact
ionsf
rom t
he publ
i
ctot
heext
entt
hatt
hegov
ernmenthadputa
banoni
t. Howev
eri
tspr
oponent
sst
il
li
nsi
stt
hati
thast
hesame ef
fect
/ r
esul
t
ast
her
estoft
heot
herpuni
shment
s. Butt
heopponent
sst
rongl
yobj
ectt
ocor
por
al
puni
shmentbasi
ngont
he f
oll
owi
ng gr
ounds;
 Thati
tsv
erybr
utal
andunder
mineshumandi
gni
ty.
 I
fcar
ri
edoutcar
elessl
y,i
tcani
nsi
ghthost
il
it
y,r
ebel
l
ionandst
ri
kesi
nschool
sand
pr
isons.
 Theyasser
tthatt
hepur
poseofpuni
shmenti
stor
efor
m andnotmer
elyt
oinf
li
ctpai
n
f
ort
hesakeofi
t.
 Somet
imesi
nnocentpeopl
e,st
udent
ssuf
feratt
hemer
cyoft
eacher
s.
 Theysayt
heyar
emor
eappr
opr
iat
eandbet
termet
hodsofadmi
nist
eri
ngpuni
shment
t
hancor
por
alpuni
shment
s.Thati
stosay
,sl
ashi
ng,
diggi
ngandmanyot
her
s
 Somechi
l
drenar
esi
ckandweakandoncesubj
ect
edt
ocor
por
alpuni
shmentst
anda
r
iskofcol
l
apsi
ng.
 Cor
por
alpuni
shmentmayi
nst
il
lfearamongt
hest
udent
swhowi
l
lev
ent
ual
l
yhat
eand
notunder
standwhati
sbei
ngt
aughtt
her
ebyhi
nder
ingt
het
ransmi
ssi
onsofknowl
edge.
 Teacher
sassumet
her
esponsi
bil
i
tyofpar
enthencet
heyoughtt
oteatst
udent
swi
th
l
oveandgr
ace.
 Cor
por
alpuni
shmentmaynotdet
ert
heant
i-
soci
alandpoorper
for
manceofst
udent
s.
 Somet
eacher
sunj
ust
lyusecor
por
alpuni
shmentt
ohandl
ethei
rindi
vi
dual
dif
fer
ences.
 I
nmanycasest
heof
fensecommi
tt
edi
snotast
hepuni
shmentgi
venout
.Thati
sto
say
,ther
eisnopr
opermeasur
ingy
ardst
ick.
 I
tvi
olat
est
hehumanr
ight
soft
heconcer
nedi
ndi
vi
dual
.
 Thepr
act
icei
sagai
nstt
hepr
ofessi
onalet
hicsmuchasi
thasbeenmadet
oappear
par
toft
hepr
ofessi
on.
SHORTCOMI
NGSOFABOLI
SHI
NGCORPORALPUNI
SHMENT
 I
tmayencour
agechi
l
drent
orebelagai
nstt
heschoolaut
hor
it
yort
odi
srespectt
he
t
eacher
s.
 I
tunder
minest
heposi
ti
onofacl
assr
oom.
 I
tmayl
eadt
oahi
ghl
evel
ofi
ndi
sci
pli
neandpr
oduci
ngwi
l
dst
udent
sorpeopl
e.
 I
tmaymaket
headmi
nist
rat
ionofdi
sci
pli
nev
erydi
ff
icul
t.
 I
tmayf
orcet
heschoolt
oresor
ttoawor
semeansofpuni
shment
.Thati
stosay
,
`
expul
sion,
longsuspensi
onsandmanyot
her
s
 I
tisagai
nstt
heChr
ist
ianpr
inci
plesandt
eachi
ngs.Thati
stosay
,St
.PaulandPet
er
agr
eet
hati
t’
sadut
yofaChr
ist
iant
opuni
sht
hedi
sobedi
ent
.
 I
fabol
i
shedcompl
etel
y,i
tmayencour
agei
mmor
ali
tyandper
missi
venessi
nsoci
ety
.
 I
fcompl
etel
yabol
i
shed,
itmayencour
agecr
imesi
nsoci
ety
.
 I
tunder
minest
hepar
ent
all
ovet
othechi
l
dreni
nthati
tinv
olv
esspar
ingt
her
odand
spoi
l
ingt
hechi
l
d.
 Whencor
por
alpuni
shmenti
snotadmi
nist
eredt
heni
tdeni
est
hewr
ongdoer
sa
chancet
oref
ormi
nthatt
heymayt
aket
heactl
i
ght
ly.

I
MPRI
SONMENT
Thi
sist
heactofput
ti
ngacr
imi
nali
ntoconf
inementwi
tht
hei
ntent
ionofwi
thdr
awi
ng
hi
mfr
om t
hesoci
ety
. Thi
scant
akea f
orm ofashor
tper
iodorar
elat
ivel
ylongt
ime.
I
mpr
isonmenthassomeser
iousef
fect
s,whi
char
ebot
hposi
ti
veandnegat
ive.
Amongt
heposi
ti
vesi
gni
fi
cancesar
ethef
oll
owi
ng;
 I
t’
smeantt
odenyt
hecr
imi
nalf
reedom andsomeofhi
sri
ght
s. Forexampl
econt
act
s
wi
thhi
sfami
l
y,f
ri
endsandmanyot
her
s
 I
tact
sasr
etr
ibut
ion.Thati
stosay
,iti
nfl
i
ctssomehar
m ont
hecr
imi
nalasj
ustdone
ont
heof
fended.
 I
tal
sopr
otect
sthesoci
etyf
rom ant
i-
soci
albehav
iorandt
heef
fect
sofhar
dcor
e
cr
imi
nal
s.
 Theactofi
mpr
isonmentcr
eat
espeace,har
monyancal
mnessi
nthesoci
etyby
wi
thdr
awi
ngt
het
roubl
ecause.
 I
tal
sohel
pst
oref
ormt
hecr
imi
nal
. Thi
sisachi
evedbyput
ti
ngt
heof
fenderunder
st
ri
ctdi
sci
pli
neandheav
ylabour
.
 I
mpr
isonmenti
ncul
cat
esasenseofr
esponsi
bil
i
tyi
ntot
hecr
imi
nal
.
 I
mpr
isonmental
sopr
otect
sthecr
imi
nalf
rom mobj
ust
icebyqui
ckl
ywi
thdr
awi
nghi
m
i
ntoconf
inement
/cust
ody
.
 I
tal
sodet
erst
hepot
ent
ial
cri
minal
sfr
om commi
tt
ingsi
mil
arcr
imes.
 I
tgi
vespower
,aut
hor
it
ytot
hegov
ernmentsoast
oimpl
ementj
ust
iceef
fect
ivel
y. For
exampl
eEkemut
hef
ormerAt
tor
neyGener
alwhowasi
mpr
isonedf
orembezzl
i
ngt
he
set
tl
ementf
undsmeantf
orTeso.
 Whi
l
einpr
ison,
thepr
isoner
sar
eexpect
edandsubj
ect
edt
oheav
ymanuall
abour
.That
`
i
stosay
,gar
deni
ngordi
ggi
ng,
looki
ngaf
terani
mal
s,car
pent
ryt
ogener
atei
ncomesf
or
t
hepr
ison’
sdepar
tmentt
her
ebyr
educi
ngonexpensesbyt
hest
ateandmaki
ngt
he
cr
imi
nal
ssel
f-
rel
i
ant
.
 I
mpr
isonmentpr
otect
sthehumanr
ight
soft
hecr
imi
nalandmai
ntai
nsl
awandor
deri
n
t
hesoci
ety
. Forexampl
eRi
char
dAr
inai
twewhowasdet
ainedt
oensur
elawandor
der
.
Negat
ivesi
gni
fi
cancesofi
mpr
isonment
 Whi
l
einpr
ison,t
hecr
imi
nalmayi
nst
eaddev
elopandacqui
renew t
ri
cksofbei
nga
danger
ouscr
imi
nal
. Forexampl
eAr
inai
twet
rai
nedt
heot
heri
nmat
eson“
kunguf
u”
whi
l
eser
vingapr
isonsent
encei
nLuzi
ra.
 Somecr
imi
nal
sar
eusual
l
yexposedt
oav
ari
etyofot
herpossi
blei
mmor
ali
ti
es. For
exampl
ehomosexual
l
yandl
esbi
ani
sm,
whi
chmaycor
ruptt
hei
rmi
nds.
 Somecr
imi
nal
saf
teral
ongt
imeofi
mpr
isonmentt
aket
hemsel
vesasher
oes.Thati
s
t
osay
,theybecomehar
dcor
ecr
imi
nal
s.
 Thecr
imi
nal
maybecomemor
eresi
stantandr
ebel
l
iousaf
tert
hesent
encei
sov
er.
 Thecr
imi
nalwhi
l
eundert
ort
uremayeasi
l
ythi
nkofr
evengeaf
tert
hesent
ence,an
at
ti
tudewhi
chi
sunchr
ist
ian.
 Thecr
imi
nal
mayeasi
l
ydespai
randasar
esul
toff
rust
rat
ioncommi
tsui
cide.
 The pr
isonermayf
ailt
o adj
ustt
o nor
malsoci
all
i
fe af
tert
he sent
ence due t
o
f
rust
rat
ion,
ret
ardednessandt
heef
fect
sofat
rauma.
 A cr
imi
nalmayhav
ehi
sot
herownf
ami
l
ybr
oughtt
oshambl
esi
nthecour
seof
i
mpr
isonment
.Thati
stosay
,di
vor
ce,
loseoff
ami
l
yti
esandmanyot
her
s
 Fr
om t
her
eli
giouspoi
ntofv
iew,i
mpr
isonmentunder
minest
hev
irt
uesoff
orgi
veness,
l
oveandmer
cy.
CHRI
STI
ANI
TYANDUSEOFI
MPRI
SONMENT
Chr
ist
iani
tyt
oal
argeext
entdoesnotr
ecommendt
heuseofi
mpr
isonmentbecauseof
t
hef
oll
owi
ngr
easons;
 I
mpr
isonmentusual
l
yhur
tst
hecr
imi
nal
yetChr
ist
iani
tydoesnotappr
oveonsuchact
s.
 I
tal
sobr
eedst
heat
ti
tudeofr
evengecont
rar
ytot
het
eachi
ngsofJesus.
 I
mpr
isonmentunder
mines t
he pr
inci
ple off
orgi
veness and execut
ioner
s. For
exampl
ePopePaul
for
gav
eAbdul
l
ahwhoshotathi
m.
 Chr
ist
iansobj
ectt
oimpr
isonmentbecauseoft
hedogmat
icj
udgmentf
ori
tsonl
yGod
whohast
her
ightt
ojudge.
 Jesusev
entwentf
urt
hert
ofor
giv
etheadul
ter
ouswomanwhowast
obest
onedt
o
`
deat
h.
 I
mpr
isonmentmostespeci
all
yinAf
ri
cancount
ri
esi
ssev
erel
ydonesucht
hatt
hati
t
doesnothel
pthecr
imi
nalbuti
ttr
aumat
izest
hecr
imi
nal
,anat
ti
tudewhi
chi
snot
Chr
ist
ian.
 I
mpr
isonmenti
nvol
vesmi
str
eat
mentofv
ari
ousf
orms.Thati
stosay
,ov
ercr
owded
cel
l
s,poormeal
sandgr
eatt
ort
ure,
pract
icest
hatar
eshor
toft
heChr
ist
ianpr
inci
ples.
 Pr
isoner
sar
enor
mal
l
ydeni
edt
hei
rspi
ri
tualneedshenceaf
fect
ingt
hei
rmor
ali
tyand
r
elat
ionshi
pwi
thGod.
 Ther
eisnopr
opery
ardst
icki
nef
fect
ingi
mpr
isonment
. Forexampl
epeopl
ewho
commi
tsi
mil
arcr
imesar
esent
enceddi
ff
erent
lyt
her
ebyencour
agi
ngdi
scr
imi
nat
ion
andt
hisi
snotChr
ist
ian.
 I
mpr
isonmentatt
imesdeni
est
hecr
imi
nal
sther
ightt
othei
rfami
l
iest
her
ebycausi
ng
f
ami
l
yinst
abi
l
ity
,yett
hebi
blecal
l
sforpar
ent
alr
esponsi
bil
i
tyandper
manence.
 Chr
ist
ians obj
ectt
oimpr
isonmentbecause t
hey ar
gue t
hati
thas notmade
consi
der
abl
eimpactt
othesoci
ety
,howev
eronehasbeenpr
ovedbey
ondr
easonabl
e
doubt
s. Forexampl
eaki
l
lert
henonecanbei
mpr
isoned.
 Thechur
chadv
ocat
esf
orgenui
ner
efor
m oft
hecul
pri
twhi
l
einpr
ison.
 Chr
ist
iansbel
i
evet
hati
mpr
isonmenti
sal
esserev
ilt
hancapi
tal
puni
shment
.
 Chr
ist
iansbel
i
evet
hatpr
isoner
sshoul
dbet
reat
edwi
thl
ove,compassi
onandmer
cy;
r
efert
othepar
abl
eoft
hepr
odi
galsonwhi
chi
shi
ghl
yil
l
ust
rat
iveoft
henat
ureofl
ove
andf
orgi
veness.
 Chr
ist
iansadv
ocat
ethatt
heof
fendedandt
heof
fender
sandt
heent
ir
esoci
etyoughtt
o
beeducat
edonChr
ist
ianet
hicst
hroughcounsel
i
ngandgui
dance.
 St
.Paul
recommendedex-
communi
cat
ionandnoti
mpr
isonment
.
MOBJUSTI
CE
Thi
sisasi
tuat
ionwher
ebyasuspecti
spuni
shedbyadi
sor
gani
zedgr
oupofper
sonsi
n
r
esponset
owhatonehascommi
tt
ed. Thi
spuni
shmenti
sgi
venbef
oret
hesuspecti
s
pr
ovedgui
l
tybyt
hecour
tsofl
aw.
CAUSESOFMOBJUSTI
CE
 I
gnor
anceoft
hel
aw,
whi
chmakessomepeopl
etoassumet
hel
awi
nthei
rownhands.
 Per
missi
veness.Thati
stosay
,wher
ether
eisnor
espectf
ort
hel
aw andev
ery
body
doesashe/
shepl
eases.
 Uncont
rol
l
edangerbyt
hemobont
hev
ict
im.
`
 Cor
rupt
ioni
nthepol
i
cef
orce.Thati
stosay
,whor
eleasesuspect
sonbei
ng“
typed”
.
 Theneedt
orev
enge.
 Thei
nadequat
enat
ureoft
hel
aws.Thati
stosay
,wher
eadul
ter
yisf
ined200/
=
 Pov
ert
y,whi
chl
eadst
ofr
ust
rat
ionsandi
dleness.
 Del
ayedact
ionagai
nstsuspect
sincour
tsofl
aw encour
agespeopl
etopr
act
icemob
j
ust
ice.
 I
ncr
easedgapbet
weent
hepol
i
ceandt
hepubl
i
c,andsomepeopl
etaket
hepol
i
cet
o
beani
nst
it
uti
onofspi
esonl
y.
 Decl
i
nei
nrel
i
giousv
alues,
whi
chhav
efor
cedpeopl
etol
ooser
especti
nhumanl
i
fe.
 Pol
i
tical
inst
abi
l
ityl
eadi
ngt
oagener
alsi
tuat
ionofl
awl
essness/anar
chy
.
 Lowi
mpl
ement
ati
onofgov
ernmentpol
i
ciesandl
aws.Thati
stosay
,thegov
ernment
doesn’
tappr
oachv
ict
imsofmobj
ust
ice.
 Dr
ugaddi
cti
onandi
tsadv
erseef
fect
smakesomepeopl
etot
aket
hel
aw i
ntot
hei
r
hands.

WHYMOBJUSTI
CEI
SNOTAFORM OFJUSTI
CE
 I
t’
sinhuman.Thati
stosay
,itunder
minest
hehumandi
gni
tybyt
ort
uri
ngt
hesuspectt
o
deat
h.
 I
nnocentpeopl
emayeasi
l
ygetki
l
ledi
ntheconf
usi
on.
 I
tiscont
rar
ytot
heChr
ist
ianpr
inci
pleoff
orgi
venessandr
econci
l
iat
ion.
 I
t’
sonl
yGodwhohast
hepowert
ojudgeandt
akel
i
fe.
 I
tsel
fdef
eAf
ri
cant
radi
ti
onal
soci
etyt
hepur
poseofpuni
shmentwhi
chi
sar
efor
mat
ive.
 I
tisv
erybr
utal
andbackwar
dandi
tunder
minest
hepur
poseofj
ust
ice.
 I
twasabol
i
shedbyJesusandr
epl
acedbyt
hel
awofl
ove. Forexampl
ewhenhef
reed
t
headul
ter
ouswomanf
rom t
hehungr
yhandsoft
hemob.
 I
tunder
minest
hecour
tofl
aws.Thati
stosay
,chancei
snotgi
venf
orf
airhear
ing.
 I
tcr
eat
esasi
tuat
ionf
oranar
chy
.Thati
stosay
,peopl
etaket
hel
awsi
nthei
rhands.
 I
ncaseofdeat
h,l
i
fecan’
tbebr
oughtback.
 I
tunder
minest
hewor
koft
hepol
i
cef
orce.Thati
stosay
,tomai
ntai
nlawandor
der
.
 I
tbr
eedst
heat
ti
tudeofr
evenge,
afact
orcast
igat
edbyJesus.
REASONSFORMOBJUSTI
CE
Chr
ist
ianadv
icet
ocr
imi
nal
s
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dpr
ayf
ort
hecr
imi
nal
stoseet
hel
i
ghtofGod.
`
 Acr
imi
nalshoul
dpr
ayf
orhi
msel
ftoseet
hewi
sdom ofGod. Forexampl
ethet
hiev
es
whower
ecr
uci
fi
edwi
thChr
ist
,oneofwhopr
ayedt
oJesusandwasf
orgi
ven.
 Theyshoul
drepentandseekf
orgi
veness. Forexampl
eKi
ngDav
idwhocommi
tt
ed
adul
ter
ysoughtf
orgi
venessf
rom God.
 Cr
imi
nal
sshoul
dcal
lupont
hegi
ft
soft
heHol
ySpi
ri
tsoast
oov
ercomet
empt
ati
ons.
 Rel
i
giousl
eader
sshoul
dpayv
isi
tst
othecr
imi
nal
sandgi
vet
hem hope. Forexampl
e
t
heChur
chofUgandadonat
edat
elev
isi
onsett
oLuzi
rapr
ison;Car
it
asUgandahas
of
fer
edbeddi
ngst
othepr
isoner
sdur
ingwhi
cht
heygav
ethem counsel
i
ng.
 Counsel
i
ng and gui
dance shoul
d be gi
ven. Forexampl
e Jesus counsel
ed an
adul
ter
ouswomannott
osi
nagai
n.
 Chr
ist
ianst
hemsel
vesshoul
dli
veexempl
aryl
i
fest
ylef
ort
heyar
ethesal
toft
heear
th
andl
i
ghtoft
hewor
ld.
 Cr
imi
nal
sshoul
dbeencour
agedt
oreadandi
nter
nal
i
zet
hebi
ble.
 Theyshoul
dwor
khar
dandgeti
nvol
vedi
nact
iveandpr
ogr
essi
vewor
kbecauseani
dle
mi
ndi
sthedev
il
’swor
kshop.
 Somer
elat
ivef
ormsofpuni
shment
sshoul
dbegi
vent
othecr
imi
nal
sasr
ecommended
bySt
.Pet
erandPaul
. Forexampl
eex-
communi
cat
ion.
 Cr
imi
nal
sshoul
dabi
debyt
hel
awsandt
hecommandment
sofGod.
 Par
ent
sshoul
dbr
ingupt
hei
rchi
l
dreni
naGodf
ear
ingway
. Forexampl
eHannahand
Samuel
,Dav
idaskedhi
ssonSol
omont
ohav
ethef
earofGod.
 Tel
lthecr
imi
nal
sthatcr
imei
sapasspor
ttohel
l
.
 Askt
hem t
oseekheav
enl
ytr
easur
esasadv
ocat
edbySt
.James.
 Theyshoul
dacceptChr
istast
hei
rsav
ior. Forexampl
eSt
.Paulwhoaccept
edChr
ist
onhi
swayt
oDamascusandconv
ert
ed(
Saul
)

THESTATEANDTHECI
TIZEN
Ther
ight
sanddut
iesoft
heci
ti
zens(
fundament
al)
Fundament
alhumanr
ight
sofmanki
ndar
etheent
it
lement
sthathumanbei
ngsar
e
supposedt
oenj
oyi
ngv
irt
ueofbei
ng human.
Ther
ight
sar
ebasedont
henat
ural
lawt
hatcomesf
rom God.
Not
e: Forev
eryr
ight
,ther
eisacor
respondi
ngdut
y. Bel
owar
esomeoft
her
ight
s;
 Ther
ightt
oli
fehencet
heneedt
opr
eser
veandpr
otectl
i
fe.
 Ther
ightt
ofood,
ever
ybodymusthav
esomet
hingt
oeatandi
tist
hedut
yoft
hest
ate
`
t
oensur
ethati
tsci
ti
zenshasf
oodandt
hati
swhyt
her
eismi
nist
ryf
ordi
sast
er
pr
epar
ednessf
ort
hecaseofUganda.
 Ar
ightt
oshel
ter
,al
lci
ti
zensar
eent
it
ledt
opr
operaccommodat
ionandi
ndev
eloped
count
ri
es,
iti
sthest
atet
hathousesi
tsci
ti
zens.
 Ther
ightt
omedi
calf
aci
l
iti
es. Thest
atemustcl
earf
ori
tsci
ti
zensmedi
cal
l
yby
of
fer
ing i
mmuni
zat
ion pr
ogr
ams/st
ocki
ng heal
th cent
ersand post
ing ofmedi
cal
per
sonnel
. Forexampl
eUgandahasi
mmuni
zedagai
nstpol
i
o.
 Ther
ightt
oeducat
ion. Thegov
ernmentshoul
densur
ethati
tsci
ti
zensgetbasi
c
educat
ion.Thati
stosay
,UPEi
ncaseofUganda.
 Ther
ightt
obel
ovedespeci
all
ythechi
l
drenwhoar
eent
it
ledt
opar
ent
alcar
eandl
ove.
 Ther
ightt
oempl
oyment
/wor
k. Thest
atemustmakesur
ethati
tsci
ti
zensar
e
empl
oyed.
 Ther
ightt
omar
ryandpr
omot
eaf
ami
l
ypr
ovi
dedt
heyar
eamar
ri
ageabl
eage.
 Ther
ightt
oacqui
reandownpr
oper
ty. Al
lci
ti
zenshav
ear
ightt
opr
ivat
eowner
shi
pof
pr
oper
ty.
 Ther
ightt
oassoci
ati
onespeci
all
yinmat
ter
sofcommoni
nter
est
s.Thati
stosay
,
pol
i
tical
par
ti
es,
soci
alandcul
tur
algr
oupsandmanyot
her
s
 Ther
ight
stof
reedom ofspeechandi
nfor
mat
ion. Thati
stosay
,al
lci
ti
zenshav
ea
r
ightt
oai
routt
hei
rvi
ewsandr
ecei
ver
elev
anti
nfor
mat
ion.
 Fr
eedom ofwor
shi
pwi
thoutanyi
nter
fer
ence.
Not
e:Butoneshoul
dn’
tint
erf
erewi
thot
herpeopl
e’
sri
ght
sint
henameofwor
shi
p
 Fr
eedom ofchoi
ce,i
tisuponev
eryi
ndi
vi
dualt
ochoosef
rom t
hemanyav
ail
abl
e
oppor
tuni
ti
esi
nli
fe. Forexampl
ewhatt
odo,whatt
oeatandot
her
sbutt
hisshoul
d
bewi
tht
he1948UNenact
mentasgi
veni
ntheuni
ver
sal
decl
arat
ionofhumanr
ight
s.
 Ther
ightt
ofai
rpubl
i
ctr
ial
incour
tsofl
awwi
thoutdi
scr
imi
nat
ion.
 Ther
ightt
opr
otect
ionf
rom har
mful
inf
luence.
Not
e:Al
ltheabov
eri
ght
sshoul
dbeobser
vedbyt
hest
ateandi
tisi
naccor
dancewi
th
t
he1948Uni
tedNat
ionsenact
mentas gi
veni
ntheuni
ver
saldecl
arat
ionofhuman
r
ight
s.
DUTI
ESOFTHECI
TIZENS
Muchast
hest
atehast
hedut
ytouphol
dandpr
otectt
her
ight
sofi
tsci
ti
zensi
nthe
samel
i
ght
,theci
ti
zenshav
eadut
yto obser
vei
nar
elat
iont
othest
ate
 Tor
ecogni
zeandr
espectt
heaut
hor
it
yoft
hest
ate.
`
 Tobel
oyal
byof
fer
ingsuppor
ttot
hecommuni
ty.
 Tov
oteandpar
ti
cipat
einal
lot
herci
vi
cact
ivi
ti
es.
 Topayt
axessoast
ocont
ri
but
etowar
dst
hedev
elopmentoft
hesoci
ety
.
 Todef
endone’
scount
ryatal
lti
mes.
 Topr
eser
veandmai
ntai
nlawandor
der
,ther
ebyhel
pingt
hepol
i
cet
ocur
bcr
ime.
 Thedut
ytoexer
cisej
ust
icet
oot
her
sinourday
-to-
dayoper
ati
on.
 Par
ent
shav
ethedut
ytol
ookaf
ter
,takecar
eoft
heneedsoft
hei
rchi
l
dren.Thati
sto
say
,theneedt
opr
ovi
depar
ent
all
oveandcar
e.
 Topr
eser
veandpr
otectt
heenv
ironmentbyf
oll
owi
ngt
her
equi
rement
sofNEMA. For
exampl
ethef
or he9th Par
merMemberoft li
amentJohnKenLuky
amuziadv
ocat
ed
muchf
orenv
ironmentpr
otect
ion.Li
kehedecompai
gnedt
hegov
ernment
’smov
eto
gi
vepar
tofMabi
raf
orestt
oani
nvest
ort
ogr
owsugarcanesf
ormaki
ngsugar
.
 I
nal
ltheci
ti
zensoughtt
obepat
ri
oti
candnat
ional
i
sti
c.Thati
stosay
,theyneedt
o
hav
egr
eatl
ovef
ort
hei
rmot
hercount
ry.
OBSERVANCEOFHUMANRI
GHTSI
NUGANDATODAY
Toagr
eat
erext
ent
,Ugandat
odayhassecur
edsomeachi
evement
sint
hear
eaof
humanr
ight
sasf
oll
ows;
 Peopl
ehav
epar
ti
cipat
edi
ntheel
ect
ions. Forexampl
eint
hepr
esi
dent
ialel
ect
ionof
2001,
Const
it
uencyAssembl
yof1995. Henceast
ept
owar
dsdemocr
acy
.
 Fr
eeaccesst
obasi
ceducat
iont
hrought
heUni
ver
salpr
imar
yeducat
ion.Thati
stosay
,
t
hegov
ernmenti
swor
kingar
oundt
hecl
ockt
omakesur
ethatt
heUni
ver
salpr
imar
y
educat
ioni
ssuccessf
ul.
 Ther
eisf
reedom ofspeechandex
pressi
onwher
epeopl
ear
eabl
etof
reel
yai
routt
hei
r
v
iews. Forexampl
ethr
ought
heopenai
randwr
it
tenpr
ess.Thati
stosay
,themoni
tor
,
t
henew v
isi
onandt
hef
reer
adi
ost
ati
onswi
thpr
ogr
amsl
i
kespect
rum onr
adi
oone,
capi
tal
gung,
Andr
ewMwendal
i
veonmoni
torr
adi
o.
 Womenhav
ebeenaccessi
bil
i
tyt
ojobst
her
ebycr
eat
ingeconomi
cindependenceand
emanci
pat
ion.
 Thegov
ernmenti
sfi
ght
ingcor
rupt
iont
hroughbodi
esl
i
keI
GG,PACandsomeot
her
s
whi
chhel
ptopr
obei
ntomal
pract
ices.
 Censor
ingofi
ncompet
entmi
nist
erssuspect
edofwr
ongdoi
ng. Forexampl
eKut
esa,
Muhwezi
andKazi
bwe.
 Fr
eedom ofwor
shi
p,t
hest
atehasnost
ater
eli
gionandt
hisi
sref
lect
edi
nthemany
`
sect
sint
hecount
ry. Forexampl
eJehov
ahuni
t,r
edeemedchur
ch,r
est
orat
ionoft
he
TenCommandment
s,char
ismat
icr
enewal
s,sal
vat
ionPent
ecost
alchur
ches.
 The gov
ernmenthad t
ri
ed t
oreduce on t
he pr
obl
em ofpov
ert
ythr
ough pov
ert
y
al
l
evi
ati
onschemes. Forexampl
eent
andi
kwaandsof
tloans.
 Gov
ernmenthasal
l
owedNGOst
ooper
atet
ocat
erf
ort
hei
nter
estoft
hepeopl
e.That
i
stosay
,UWESO,
TASOandUNI
CEF.
 Pol
i
tical
l
y,t
hegov
ernmenthasr
ecogni
zedt
hemi
nor
it
y.Thati
stosay
,thewomen,
di
sabl
ed,wor
ker
sbygi
vi
ngt
hem speci
alr
epr
esent
ati
oni
npar
li
ament
. Forexampl
e
MPPaj
obo,
Dr.Sam Ly
omokamemberofpar
li
amentf
orwor
ker
s.
 Thegov
ernmenthasal
l
owedt
heAsi
anst
orepossesst
hei
rpr
oper
ty.
 Thegov
ernmenti
scat
eri
ngf
ort
heheal
thofi
tsci
ti
zensbyi
mpr
ovi
ngont
heheal
th
ser
vicest
hroughpr
ogr
amsl
i
kei
mmuni
zat
ionagai
nstt
hesi
xki
l
lerdi
seases. For
exampl
epol
i
o,“
kickpol
i
ooutofUganda”
.
 Thegov
ernmenthassensi
ti
zedi
tsci
ti
zensr
egar
dingt
hei
rpol
i
ticalr
ight
sthr
ough
chakamchakaanddemy
sti
fi
cat
ionoft
hegun.
Howev
er,
ther
ear
esomecasesofabuseofhumanr
ight
s;
 Themanydet
ent
ionswi
thoutt
ri
albyt
heCMIandpr
isoner
stor
tur
edandr
emandedf
or
al
ongt
ime. Forexampl
e27Tabul
i
kiMosl
emswi
thoutpr
operhear
ing.
 Ther
eissuf
focat
ionanddeni
aloff
reedom ofassoci
ati
onasexpr
essedbyt
hebanon
pol
i
tical
par
ti
es.
 Ther
eisst
il
lmassi
vecor
rupt
ioni
nthepubl
i
cof
fi
ces,cour
tsofl
awatt
heexpensesof
t
axpay
er.
 Ther
eisst
il
lrampantcr
imer
ate.Thati
stosay
,robber
y,r
apeanddef
il
ementandmany
ot
her
s
 Ov
ert
axat
ion.Thati
stosay
,VAT,
graduat
edt
axal
lofwhi
chcannotbeexpl
ained.
 Unempl
oyment
.Thati
stosay
,manygr
aduat
esar
eroami
ngonst
reet
sinsear
chof
j
obs,
whi
char
enott
her
e.
 Low i
mpl
ement
ati
on oft
hegov
ernmentpol
i
ciesl
eadi
ng t
o act
sli
kemob j
ust
ice
especi
all
yint
hedi
str
ict
sofMukono,
Kampal
awher
emanyhav
ebeenputt
odeat
h.
 Laxi
tyi
ntheeducat
ionsy
stem. Forexampl
eUPEl
acksmot
ivat
ionandadequat
e
f
aci
l
iti
es.
 Ther
ear
esomei
sol
atedcasesofconscr
ipt
ion.Thati
stosay
,for
cedr
ecr
uit
ment
. For
exampl
epandagar
i.
`
 Somear
eashav
ebeennegl
ect
edandsubj
ect
edt
oinsecur
it
yhencenopr
otect
ion.
Forex
ampl
eGul
u,Kasese,
Sor
oti
andmanyot
her
s
FACTORSRESPONSI
BLEFORTHEVI
OLATI
ONOFHUMANSRI
GHTSTODAY
 Per
missi
venessoft
hesoci
etywher
epeopl
ehav
elostt
radi
ti
onal
ties.
 Gr
eedf
orpowerl
eadi
ngt
opol
i
ticali
nst
abi
l
iti
es. Forexampl
eKonyabduct
edAboke
gi
rl
s,ADFbur
ntpeopl
eatKi
chwanma.
 Economi
candsoci
ali
mbal
ancesl
eadi
ngt
ohat
red.
 Lowr
eli
giousconv
ict
ion.
 Pov
ert
y
 Mor
aldecl
i
ne
 Lustf
orweal
th
 Br
eakdowni
nthet
radi
ti
onal
nor
ms.
 Weakenf
orcementoft
hel
aw.
 Moder
ntechnol
ogy
. Forexampl
ebombs,
chemi
cal
weaponsandmanyot
her
s
 Hi
ghr
ateofi
nfl
ati
on

WAYS I
N WHI
CH THE CHURCH I
S TRYI
NG TO PROTECT THE RI
GHTS OF THE
PEOPLE
 Thechur
chhasest
abl
i
shedor
phanageswher
etheunf
ort
unat
echi
l
drenhav
ebeen
gi
vent
hebasi
cnecessi
ti
esofl
i
fe. Forexampl
elat
eCar
dinalEmmanuelNsubuga
openedupanor
phanagecent
eratNal
ukol
ongo.
 Thechur
chhassetuppr
oject
stohel
pbet
terandcat
erf
ort
hel
i
vesoft
heneedy
. For
exampl
eref
ugeesandt
hisi
spossi
blet
hroughpr
oject
sli
keCar
it
asUgandaoft
he
Cat
hol
i
cChur
ch.
 Thechur
chact
ivel
ytakespar
tinmai
ntai
ningpeaceandor
deri
nthewor
ldt
hrought
he
counci
lofchur
ches. Forexampl
epr
iort
otheel
ect
ionsof2001,t
hechur
chl
eader
s
0r
eli
giousl
eader
s)ofUgandapr
ayedf
orpeaceandor
dert
opr
evai
ldur
ingt
heel
ect
ion.
 Thechur
chhasal
soi
nfl
uencedt
hepol
i
ticaldeci
sionsoft
hepol
i
ticall
eader
s. For
exampl
etheAr
chbi
shopDesmondTut
uofSout
hAf
ri
caoutr
ight
lyspokeagai
nstt
he
ev
il
sofapar
thei
dandt
her
aci
sm oft
hewhi
tes.
 Thechur
chhasopenl
ycr
it
ici
zedt
hepol
i
ticalaut
hor
it
ieswhoi
ntendt
ovi
olett
hehuman
r
ight
s ofci
ti
zens. Forexampl
ethe chur
ch i
n Zi
mbabwe condemned Pr
esi
dent
`
Mugabe’
sactofmov
ingl
andf
rom t
hewhi
tes.Thechur
chi
nUgandahasopposedt
he
r
d
abol
i
shi
ngof2t
ermsor“
the3 t
erm”
.
 Thechur
cht
hroughi
tst
eachi
ngsandpr
eachi
nghasencour
ageduni
ty,f
rat
erni
tyand
peacet
her
ebymaki
ngoccasi
onsofwarr
are.
 Thechur
chl
eader
shav
etr
iedt
obecomepeacemaker
sbet
weenwar
ri
ngpar
ti
es. For
exampl
etheyhav
etr
iedt
ocal
lforpeacenegot
iat
ioni
nCongo.
 Thechur
chhasusedi
tsl
eader
stocr
it
ici
zedi
ctat
orshi
pandbadgov
ernment
. For
exampl
elat
eCar
dinalEmmanuelNsubugaandJananLuwum opposedI
diAmi
ni’
s
di
ctat
orshi
p.
 I
thashel
pedt
opr
ovi
deassi
stancet
othepr
isoner
s,si
cki
nter
msofmat
eri
aland
spi
ri
tual
benef
it
s.
 Thechur
chhasof
tenpr
ayedf
orgoodl
eader
shi
psi
nceal
laut
hor
it
ycomesf
rom God.
THECHURCHANDTHESTATE
 Thechur
chandt
hest
atecl
osel
yneedeachot
herhenceChr
ist
ianshav
eal
lther
ightt
o
par
ti
cipat
eint
hepol
i
ticsoft
hei
rcount
rybasi
ngont
hef
oll
owi
ngr
easons;
 Chur
chl
eader
scanbeofusei
nthedev
elopmentoft
hesoci
etysi
ncet
heyar
egui
ded
byt
hespi
ri
tofGod. Forexampl
epr
ophetAmoscondemnedt
hepol
i
tical
inj
ust
icesof
t
het
imeandBi
shopDesmondTut
uinf
luencedt
hepol
i
tical
trendofsout
hAf
ri
ca.
 Si
nceChr
ist
iansar
esai
dtobet
hel
i
ghtoft
hewor
ldandt
hesal
toft
heear
th,
theymust
t
her
efor
eshi
nei
nthedar
knessofpol
i
tics. Forexampl
eChr
istsai
dwhoamongy
ou
l
i
ght
sal
ampandput
situnderabasket
?Buti
nst
eadi
tshoul
dbeputi
nthel
ampst
and
f
orev
ery
onet
osee.
 Jesushi
msel
fdi
dn’
trej
ectt
heuseofpol
i
ticsbutt
hemi
suseofpowerwhi
l
einpol
i
tics.
 AChr
ist
ianl
eaderi
sinposi
ti
ont
osav
ehi
scount
ryf
rom spi
ri
tual
dest
ruct
ionandmor
al
decaybypr
eachi
ngt
hev
irt
uesofl
ove,
equal
i
tyandt
oler
ance.Forexampl
eAr
chbi
shop
DesmondTut
uofSout
hAf
ri
capr
eachedr
econci
l
iat
ionami
dstt
hehor
nsofapar
thei
d
andr
aci
sm.
 I
t’
scommonl
ysai
dthatt
hef
earofGodi
sthebegi
nni
ngofwi
sdom t
her
efor
echur
ch
l
eader
swhomaybehav
ingt
hiswi
sdom canbei
nabet
terposi
ti
ont
oputi
tint
oa
bet
teruse. Forexampl
eki
ngSol
omonwhobecauseoft
hef
earofGodhadt
he
wi
sdom andusedi
tri
ght
lyi
npol
i
tics.
 Becauseoft
hedualci
ti
zenshi
pofmanki
nd.Thati
stosay
,ofwor
ldandheav
en,i
t’
s
pr
operf
oraChr
ist
iant
opar
ti
cipat
eint
hepol
i
ticsoft
hewor
ldasapr
epar
ati
onf
or
`
heav
enl
yki
ngdom.
 Jesushi
msel
fcamei
ntot
hesi
nfulwor
ldt
ocl
eanupt
hesi
nner
s;si
mil
arl
yit
’spr
oper
f
orChr
ist
ianst
opar
ti
cipat
einpol
i
ticsmuchasi
tisdi
rt
y.
 Chr
ist
ianshav
ethecapaci
tyt
oov
ercomet
empt
ati
onswhi
chwhi
l
einpol
i
ticscanbe
possi
blebecausepol
i
ticshassomanyt
empt
ati
ons. Forexampl
ecor
rupt
ion,v
ote
r
iggi
ngandmanyot
her
s
 I
t’
sthedut
yandr
esponsi
bil
i
tyofchur
chl
eader
stof
ightsoci
ali
njust
icesj
ustasJesus
andpr
ophetAmosdi
dandt
hisi
sonl
ypossi
blewhenChr
ist
ianswhol
l
ypar
ti
cipat
ein
pol
i
tics. Forexampl
eAmos.
 Al
laut
hor
it
ycomesf
rom godhenceev
enpol
i
ticalaut
hor
it
yisGodgi
ven. Sot
heneed
t
opar
ti
cipat
e.
 God r
aises l
eader
s and as such Chr
ist
ians shoul
d par
ti
cipat
ein pol
i
tics by
acknowl
edgi
ngandr
espect
ingt
hisaut
hor
it
y.
 Chr
ist
ianshav
eadut
ytocont
ri
but
etowar
dst
heeconomi
c,soci
al,
pol
i
tical
,cul
tur
aland
r
eli
gious wel
lbei
ng oft
he st
ate and t
his can onl
ybe possi
ble when Chr
ist
ians
par
ti
cipat
einpol
i
tics.
 Ev
enJesussai
dgi
veCaesarwhatbel
ongst
oCaesarandwhatbel
ongst
oGod,
ther
eby
showi
nghi
sinv
olv
ement
.
 Thechur
chcan’
tbesepar
atedf
rom t
hest
atebecauseev
enJesussubmi
tt
edt
othe
pol
i
tical
aut
hor
it
y.(
Mk12:
13-
17)
 St
.Paulsay
sdi
sobey
ingofci
vi
laut
hor
it
yisequi
val
entt
orebel
l
ingagai
nstGod.(
Rom
13:
1-7)
 Chr
ist
iansneedt
opar
ti
cipat
einpol
i
ticssoast
obei
nposi
ti
ont
opr
ayf
ort
hepol
i
tical
l
eader
s.
 Bot
hrel
i
gionandpol
i
ticsar
esett
ouphol
dthef
undament
alr
ight
sofmanki
ndandas
sucht
het
woneedt
ooper
atej
oint
ly.
Ont
heot
herhand,chur
chl
eader
stoasmal
lext
entshoul
dnott
akepar
tinpol
i
tics
becauseoft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
easons;
 Pol
i
ticsi
satt
imesassoci
atedwi
thpr
inci
pleswhi
char
eunChr
ist
ian. Forexampl
e
t
ell
i
ngofl
i
es,
blackmai
l
ing,
andr
iggi
ng.
 Wi
thi
n pol
i
tics,i
t’
s qui
te di
ff
icul
tto av
oid cer
tai
n at
ti
tudes.Thati
sto say
,st
if
f
compet
it
ionembezzl
ementandbr
iber
yaspect
sthati
sshor
tofChr
ist
ianv
irt
ues.
 Pol
i
ticsusual
l
ygoesal
ongsi
dewi
thst
ruggl
eforpower
,useofchar
ms,wi
tchcr
aftand
`
j
eal
ousyatt
imesandmur
derofi
nnocentpeopl
e.
 Chur
chl
eader
sshoul
d/maynotoutr
ight
lybegi
ntosuppor
toppr
essi
ver
egi
mesy
et
t
heyar
esupposedt
obepi
l
lar
sofuni
tyandnotdi
vi
sioni
sm. Forexampl
eAwor
ichose
Bamwoze t
o campai
gn f
orhi
m i
nthe 2001 el
ect
ions;t
his di
vi
ded some oft
he
Chr
ist
ians.
 I
tisv
erydi
ff
icul
ttoser
vet
womast
ersatagohencewhi
l
einpol
i
tics,aChr
ist
ianmay
f
orgethi
scar
dinalpur
poseandr
esponsi
bil
i
tyofbei
nganambassadoroft
heki
ngdom
ofGod.
 Pol
i
ticsnor
mal
l
yinv
olv
esal
otoft
empt
ati
onst
hatdef
ini
tel
ycont
radi
ctswi
tht
he
Chr
ist
ianv
irt
ues.Thati
stosay
,pol
i
tici
ansnor
mal
l
yacceptt
heev
il
sofpr
ost
it
uti
on,
abor
ti
on i
n a bi
dto sol
i
citand wi
ntheel
ect
ions. Forexampl
eVi
cePr
esi
dent
def
endedpr
ost
it
uti
onaf
terpr
ost
it
uteshadbeenar
rest
edal
linabi
dtocanv
asf
or
v
otesi
n2001el
ect
ions.
 Whi
l
einpol
i
tics,
thel
ustf
orweal
thandmoneymayeasi
l
ybl
i
ndf
oldt
hechur
chl
eader
s
andi
nthel
ongr
uncauset
hem t
obacksl
i
deofbecomest
umbl
i
ngbl
ockst
oot
her
peopl
e’
sfai
th.
 Pol
i
ticsmayf
orcer
eli
giousl
eader
stodi
scr
imi
nat
e,hat
e,andsi
del
i
net
hei
ropponent
s
t
her
ebynotl
i
vingt
oJesus’
teachi
ngofl
oveofone’
snei
ghborandonesel
f.
 Chr
ist
ian’
spar
ti
cipat
ioni
npol
i
ticsmayl
eadaChr
ist
iani
ntoaconf
li
cti
ngl
oyal
ty.For
exampl
ewhet
hert
osuppor
tcapi
tal
puni
shmentornot
.
 Chr
ist
iansmayf
indi
tdi
ff
icul
ttocondemnandopenl
ycr
it
ici
zesomesoci
alev
il
sint
he
soci
ety
. Forexampl
ecompet
it
ion,
tri
bal
i
sm andmanyot
her
s
 Pol
i
ticshasbeengener
all
yref
err
edt
oasadi
rt
ygamechar
act
eri
zedbyal
lsor
tsofev
il
.
 Whi
l
einpol
i
tics,
Chr
ist
iansmayf
ailt
oof
fersi
ncer
epr
ayer
stoGodandt
opr
ayf
ort
hei
r
pol
i
tical
opponent
s.
 Pol
i
ticsdoesn’
tcondemnt
heat
ti
tudeofr
evenge,anaspectt
hatJesusout
-r
ight
ly
cast
igat
ed.
Quest
ions
1.Shoul
dthechur
chandpol
it
icsbesepar
ated?
2.Whydosomepeopl
ecal
lpol
it
icsadi
rt
ygame?
3.Shoul
dChr
ist
iansdi
rect
lypar
ti
cipat
einpol
it
ics,
expl
ainy
ouranswer
.

SHOULDCHRI
STI
ANSOBEYSECULARGOVERNMENT?
`
I
nsuchacaseast
udenti
sexpect
edt
otakeast
andwhi
chi
s“Yes”andt
hisi
sso
becauseoft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
easons;
 Al
laut
hor
it
ycomesf
rom Godhencedi
sobedi
encet
oiti
sdi
sobedi
encet
oGod.
 I
tsGodhor
aisesandgui
dest
hel
eader
s. Forexampl
eDav
id,Sol
omonhencet
he
needt
oobeyt
hem.
 Thebi
blecommandsust
ohonourandobeyourl
eader
sasgi
veni
nDecal
ogue.
 I
nthef
ir
stl
ett
erofSt
.Pet
er2:
:
17,
St.Pet
ercal
l
suponal
lthenewl
yconv
ert
edbel
i
ever
s
t
orespectt
hosei
npol
i
tical
aut
hor
it
y.
 Secul
argov
ernmentser
vest
oensur
ethewel
lbei
ngofal
lthei
rci
ti
zensi
nter
msof
soci
al,
rel
i
gious,
cul
tur
alandpol
i
tical
wel
lbei
nghencet
heneedt
oobeyi
t.
 Chr
ist
iansar
esupposedt
obegoodexampl
est
oot
her
sandt
hisi
sonl
ypossi
ble
t
hrought
heactofobedi
ence.
 I
tst
hrought
hei
robedi
encet
hatt
heywi
l
lqual
i
fyt
obegoodci
ti
zensofheav
en.
 Chr
ist
ianshav
eadut
yto cont
ri
but
etot
heeconomi
c,soci
al,pol
i
tical
,mor
aland
r
eli
giouswel
lbei
ngofast
ate.Theseabov
ement
ionedaspect
sar
eonl
ypr
act
ical
t
hroughobedi
encet
othegov
ernment
.
 Ev
enJesussay
sgi
veCaesarwhatbel
ongst
oCaesarandGodwhatbel
ongst
oGod
t
husobeyst
ateaut
hor
it
y.
 Ev
enJesushi
msel
fsubmi
tt
edt
oear
thl
yaut
hor
it
y. Forexampl
eher
ecogni
zedand
acknowl
edgedt
hepower
sofPi
l
atebutwasqui
ckt
otel
lthatGodgi
vesi
t.
 Thet
woi
nst
it
uti
ons.Thati
stosay
,thechur
chandt
hest
atear
einsepar
abl
ehence
i
nter
rel
atedandneedf
ort
heactofobedi
encet
ocoor
dinat
ethet
wo.
WHYCHRI
STI
ANSMAYNOTOBEYSECULARGOVERNMENT
 Whent
hest
atepr
omot
esi
mmor
alact
sli
keabor
ti
on,mur
deraspect
swhi
char
eun
Chr
ist
ian,
thenChr
ist
ianshav
ear
ightt
odi
sobeyi
t.
 Whent
hest
atei
sinv
olv
edi
nabusi
ngofpowert
hroughact
sofmur
der
,cor
rupt
ionand
v
oter
iggi
ngt
hent
heChr
ist
iancanopposesuchagov
ernment
.
 Whent
her
eisi
ronr
ule.Thati
stosay
,oppr
essi
on,di
ctat
orshi
pandwhenpeopl
e’
s
f
reedom ofexpr
essi
onandassoci
ati
oni
sdownl
ookedupon,t
hent
heChr
ist
ianshav
e
ar
ightt
odi
sobeyt
hatsecul
argov
ernment
.
 I
ncaset
hegov
ernmenti
npl
acedoesn’
tal
l
owf
reedom ofwor
shi
pthenChr
ist
ianscan
opposei
t. Forexampl
eint
heSudanwher
eSout
her
npar
tisopposi
ngt
heNor
ther
n
i
mposi
ti
oni
fIsl
am.
`
 I
ncaset
heact
ionsoft
hegov
ernmenti
sleadi
ngpeopl
eint
opagani
sm,i
rr
eli
gion,t
hen
Chr
ist
ianshav
ear
ightt
odi
sobeysuchast
ate.
 I
fthe gov
ernmenti
n pl
ace i
s condoni
ng t
he act
s ofdi
scr
imi
nat
ion,segr
egat
ion,
t
ri
bal
i
sm,whi
char
eshor
tofChr
ist
ianr
it
ual
s,t
heChr
ist
ianshav
etheobl
i
gat
iont
o
di
sobeysuchast
ate. Forex
ampl
eAr
chbi
shopDesmondTut
uofSout
hAf
ri
ca
gangedupt
ofi
ghtagai
nstt
heapar
thei
doft
hewhi
teman.
 I
nsi
tuat
ionswher
ethedeci
sionsoft
hegov
ernmentconf
li
ct/cont
radi
ctwi
tht
he
Chr
ist
ianpr
inci
ples.Thati
stosay
,incaseofaconf
li
cti
ngl
oyal
tyt
henChr
ist
ians
shoul
dgi
vet
hei
robedi
encef
ir
stt
oGodandt
hest
ate.

POLI
TICSASADI
RTYGAME
Quest
ion
Whyi
spol
it
icsr
efer
redt
oasdi
rt
y?
 I
tinv
olv
est
ell
i
ngofl
i
es.
 Ther
eismi
suseandabuseofaut
hor
it
ywhi
l
einpol
i
tics. Forexampl
eusi
ngoft
he
ar
myt
oint
imi
dat
ethemasses. Forexampl
eKakoozaMut
alewi
thKal
angal
aact
ion
pl
an.
 Wi
thi
npol
i
tics,t
her
eiscor
rupt
ion. Forexampl
eKut
esaandMuhweziwhomi
sused
publ
i
cfundsf
orwhi
cht
heywer
ecensor he5thpar
edbyt li
ament
.
 I
tmayeasi
l
yleadt
omur
derespeci
all
yinnsi
tuat
ionswher
ether
eisst
if
fcompet
it
ion.
 Pol
i
ticsbr
eedshat
red,
enmi
tyandenv
y.
 I
tmaycausef
ami
l
ydi
srupt
ionbecauseoft
hedi
ff
erencei
npol
i
ticali
deol
ogi
es. For
exampl
eNj
ubaandhi
swi
fe,Wi
nni
eMandel
aandherhusbandal
ldi
vor
cedbecauseof
di
ver
gentpol
i
tical
ideol
ogi
es.
 Pol
i
ticsencour
agei
rr
eli
gionandpagani
sm i
nthatpeopl
edev
elopnof
earofgodatal
l
.
 I
tmayl
eadt
ounderdev
elopmentduet
owr
ongpol
i
ticali
deol
ogi
es. Forexampl
e
communi
sm i
nTanzani
aunderpr
esi
dentJul
i
usNy
erer
e,Cubanundercommuni
sm and
manyot
her
s
 Pol
i
ticsbr
eedsi
nsecur
it
y. Forexampl
eKonyi
nNor
ther
nUgandahasf
oughtf
orov
er
15y
ear
sagai
nstNRM gov
ernment
.
 Pol
i
ticsi
sassoci
atedwi
thact
sofdi
ctat
orshi
p,oppr
essi
on. Forexampl
ether
egi
me
ofI
diAmi
n1971-
79whi
chsomanypeopl
esuf
ferunabat
ed.
 Pol
i
ticsl
eadst
odeat
handassassi
nat
ionofl
eader
sforexampl
eKabi
raJoseph.
`
 Pol
i
ticsgener
all
yunder
minest
hev
ali
dit
yofl
awandor
deri
nthesoci
ety
.
GOODASPECTSOFPOLI
TICS(
POLI
TICSASAGOODGAME)
 I
tisaspeci
algi
fti
nwhi
chal
lChr
ist
iansmustpar
ti
cipat
e.
 I
tist
hehear
tofgov
ernancesand l
eader
shi
p oft
hesoci
etyhencenecessar
yto
or
gani
zemanki
nd. Forexampl
eaf
tert
hedeat
hofMosesandJoshuat
hepeopl
eof
I
srael
yar
nedf
oral
eadert
ogetmor
eor
gani
zed.
 Ev
eni
nthebi
bleGodr
aisedl
eader
stoser
veaspol
i
ticalser
vant
s. Forexampl
eki
ng
Dav
id,
Sol
omon.
 Leader
shi
pit
sel
fisGodgi
venandwhat
everGodgi
vesi
sper
fect
lygood.(
Rom 13:
1-7)
 I
tst
hroughpol
i
ticst
hatChr
ist
ianscanpar
ti
cipat
etopoi
ntoutt
heev
il
soft
hesoci
ety
.
 Jesushi
msel
fnev
ercondemnedpol
i
ticsbecauseoft
heev
il
sat
tachedt
oit
.
 Jesusev
encor
rect
edt
hel
awsoft
het
imesoast
ocr
eat
eagoodpol
i
ticalat
mospher
e.
Forexampl
ehecast
igat
edmobj
ust
icebycal
l
ingf
orf
orgi
veness.
 Thr
oughpol
i
ticsChr
ist
iansar
einposi
ti
ont
ofi
ghti
njust
icei
nsoci
ety
.Thati
stosay
,
cor
rupt
ion,di
ctat
orshi
pandot
her
s. Forexampl
eAr
chbi
shopJananLuwum opposed
t
hedi
ctat
orshi
pofI
diAmi
n.
 Pol
i
tics spear
heads t
he dev
elopmentoft
he soci
etyt
hrough pr
ovi
sion ofsoci
al
ser
vicesandi
nfr
ast
ruct
ures.Thati
stosay
,hospi
tal
s,school
sandmanyot
her
s
 Pol
i
ticsensur
essecur
it
yandst
abi
l
ity
.Forexampl
eSol
omonandDav
idi
nthebi
ble
pr
ovi
dedst
rongsecur
it
ytot
hepeopl
eofI
srael
.
 I
tal
sopr
omot
esdemocr
acyhencepeaceandst
abi
l
ityorhar
mony
.
 Pol
i
ticshel
pst
osaf
eguar
dthel
i
vesofi
ndi
vi
dual
s.
 Pol
i
ticsensur
espr
operut
il
izat
ionandexpl
oit
ati
onoft
hecount
ry’
sresour
ces.

HOW JESUSDEMONSTRATEDHI
SPOWERS
 Het
aughthi
sdi
sci
plest
hathav
ingaut
hor
it
ymeansser
vingot
her
s.
 Hesai
dthegr
eat
estmustbel
i
ket
hey
ounger
.
 Jesusshowedt
hisbywashi
ngt
hef
eetofhi
sdi
sci
ples.
 Jesusnev
err
esi
stedaut
hor
it
yint
hather
emai
nedhumbl
eandmeek.Forexampl
ehe
st
oppedPet
erf
rom usi
ngt
heswor
dwhenhewasbei
ngar
rest
ed.
 Hesacr
if
iceshi
msel
fanddi
edf
ormany
.
 Heusedhi
spower
stoest
abl
i
sht
heki
ngdom ofGod.
`
 Het
aughtwi
thgr
eataut
hor
it
ysoast
obr
ingaboutaposi
ti
vechangei
nsoci
ety
.
 Jesuscamet
hatpeopl
ehav
eli
feandhav
eitt
othef
ull
.
 Jesust
reat
edal
lpeopl
easequal
andr
econci
l
edpeopl
etohi
sfat
her
.
 Heper
for
medmi
racl
est
opor
trayhi
saut
hor
it
y. Forexampl
ethef
eedi
ngof5,
000
peopl
e.
 Tof
ulf
il
lhi
saut
hor
it
yher
efer
redt
ohi
msel
fast
het
rut
h,t
hewayandt
hel
i
fe.(
John
14:
6)
 Heexor
cisedpeopl
e. Forexampl
ewhenhedr
ovet
hedemonsi
ntot
hepi
gswhi
ch
l
aterdr
ownedi
ntowat
er
ARMEDCONFLI
CT
Causes
 Ar
medconf
li
ctsmaybewi
thi
ncount
ri
es,bet
weencount
ri
es.Andbel
ow ar
esomeof
t
hecauses;
 Var
iat
ionsi
npol
i
tical
ideol
ogi
es. Forexampl
esi
ngl
epar
tyv
ersesmul
ti
par
ty.
 Thenat
ureoft
heeconomy
. Forexampl
ecapi
tal
i
sm v
ersessoci
ali
sm.
 Economi
coppr
essi
onandexpl
oit
ati
onoft
hemassest
hroughact
sli
keov
ert
axat
ion,
l
owdev
elopmentandmanyot
her
s
 Di
ctat
orshi
pandaut
ocr
acy
.Forexampl
edur
ingt
her
eignofI
diAmi
nwher
eObot
e
t
hrought
hehel
pofTanzani
afoughtt
hel
i
ber
ati
onwar
.
 Soci
aleconomi
cdi
scr
imi
nat
ioni
nter
m ofj
obs,
tri
be,
sect
ari
ani
sm.
 Unj
ust
if
iedpol
i
tical
vict
imi
zat
ionoft
hemasses. Forexampl
edet
ent
ionwi
thoutt
ri
al.
 Powerst
ruggl
e;Forexampl
eLor
d’sr
esi
stancemov
ementst
ruggl
eforpower
.
 Cor
rupt
ionandi
nst
abi
l
ityt
opr
ovi
det
hemasseswi
tht
hebasi
cneedscaneasi
l
y
pr
omptar
medconf
li
ct.
 Tr
ibal
i
sm. Forexampl
ein1994,t
heHut
uandt
heTut
siofRwandawer
eateach
ot
her
’sneck.
 Ri
ggi
ngofel
ect
ionsbyr
uli
nggov
ernment
. Forexampl
eMusev
enideci
dedt
ogot
he
bushaf
tert
he1980r
iggedel
ect
ionsbyUPC.
 Pr
oduct
ionandav
ail
abi
l
ityoff
ir
ear
msandweapons.
 Nur
singofambi
ti
ouspr
ogr
ams. Forexampl
eGadhaf
iwhoi
ntendst
ocr
eat
eaUni
ted
St
atesofAf
ri
caagai
nstt
hewi
shesofsomenat
ions.
 Mi
str
eat
ment
,mi
str
ustand f
earbet
ween count
ri
es. Forexampl
eCongo v
erses
`
Uganda,
Rwandav
ersesUganda,
andSudanv
ersesUganda.
 Unf
airdi
str
ibut
ionofnat
ional
cake.
 Lustf
orgr
eedandweal
th.
 Unempl
oymentwhi
chi
nmostcasespr
ovi
desar
ecr
uit
mentgr
ound.
CAUSES/FACTORSRESPONSI
BLEFORREFUGEES
Ref
ugeesar
eper
sonsorpeopl
eout
sidear
eaofor
igi
nasar
esul
toff
earofper
secut
ion,
nat
ural
disast
ers,
epi
demi
cout
break andwar
.Bel
ow ar
esomeoft
hef
act
orst
hat
maycausei
t;
 Pol
i
ticalv
ict
imi
zat
ionbyt
hosei
npower
. Forexampl
edur
ingt
her
egi
meofI
diAmi
n,
manypeopl
ewer
eexi
l
ed.
 Ci
vi
lwar
sfor
cingpeopl
etoseekf
orsaf
ety
. Forexampl
edur
ingt
heRwandaGenoci
de,
manyr
ant
oUganda.
 Rel
i
giousper
secut
ion. Forexampl
einSudanbecauseoft
heenf
orcementofI
slam
manyhav
ecomet
oUgandaasr
efugees.
 Raci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ion.Forexampl
etheapar
thei
dpol
i
cyi
nSout
hAf
ri
cat
hatl
edt
omany
oft
hecout
hAf
ri
cant
ofl
eet
hei
rcount
ry.
 Economi
cdi
scr
imi
nat
ioncr
eat
ingt
heemer
genceofcl
asses.Thati
stosay
,thenobl
es,
mi
ddl
ecl
assandt
hecl
assofpeasant
s.
 Tr
ibal
i
sm andt
ri
bal
i
sm cl
ashes. Forexampl
etheonei
nRwanda.Thati
stosay
,Hut
u
andTut
si.
 Sexual
discr
imi
nat
ion. Forexampl
eAf
ghani
stani
nci
denceonwomen.
 Pr
ofessi
onaldi
scr
imi
nat
ion.Thati
stosay
,wher
epeopl
ear
edeni
edj
obswi
thoutany
ser
iouscause.
 Di
scr
imi
nat
ionont
hebasi
sofcul
tur
e,nat
ional
i
ty,
rel
i
gionandmanyot
her
s
 Di
ctat
ori
aland undemocr
ati
c gov
ernance l
eadi
ng t
o excessi
ve expl
oit
ati
on and
oppr
essi
onoft
hemasses.

PROBLEMS LI
KELY TO BE FACED BY CHRI
STI
ANS AS A RESULT OFTHEWAR/
REBELLI
ON
 Mayencour
aget
heel
ementofr
evengeandhar
assmentoft
hei
nnocent
,whi
chi
s
unchr
ist
ian.
 Mayencour
agesomesel
fi
shi
nter
estt
her
ebysel
fdef
eat
ingt
hepur
poseofl
oveand
shar
ing.
`
 Mayl
eadt
oper
secut
ionofChr
ist
ians. Forexampl
eKabakaMwangaper
secut
edt
he
Ugandanmar
tyr
sbecauset
hei
ractofr
ebel
l
ionagai
nsthi
spol
i
cies.
 Chr
ist
iansmaysuf
feri
sol
ati
onasar
esul
toft
hewar
.Thati
stosay
,theymaybe
mar
ginal
i
zed.
 Mur
der
,tor
tur
emaybecomei
nev
itabl
e. Forexampl
etheI
srael
i
teswhower
egr
eat
ly
t
ort
uredbyPhar
aoh,
becauseoft
hei
rrebel
l
ion.
 Mayeasi
l
yleadt
oful
lbl
ownoutwarwi
thi
tsnegat
iveconsequences.
 Maydest
roy
,bl
ackmai
lthei
mageofChr
ist
iani
ty.
 Enmi
tymaydev
elopbet
weent
hechur
chandt
hest
atel
eadi
ngt
odi
scr
imi
nat
ionhat
red
al
lofwhi
char
eunChr
ist
ian.
 Mayf
orcepeopl
enott
opr
act
icet
hei
rfai
thopenl
yforf
earofper
secut
ion.
 Mayl
eadt
oact
sofi
mpr
isonmentt
her
ebygoi
ngagai
nstt
heactofr
econci
l
iat
ionand
f
orgi
veness.

HOW ACHRI
STI
ANSHOULDHANDLEUNJUSTTREATMENT
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dal
way
sadv
ocat
eforpeacef
ulmeansofsol
vi
ngpr
obl
ems.
 Chr
ist
iansar
esupposedt
obepeacemaker
sandassuch,
theyshoul
dal
way
smai
ntai
n
peacei
nthewor
ld.
 Theyshoul
dfol
l
ow t
heexampl
eofJesuswhoaccept
edt
osuf
ferf
ort
hegoodof
manki
nd.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dsacr
if
icet
hei
rli
vesf
ort
hesakeofat
tai
ningpeace.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dendur
e,per
sev
ereandt
oler
atesuf
fer
ingast
aughtbySt
.Jamesand
Pet
er.
 Theyshoul
ddev
elopt
hespi
ri
tofpat
ienceandobedi
encet
otheear
thl
ygov
ernment
.
 Theyshoul
dadv
ocat
eforadi
alogue.Thati
stosay
,roundt
abl
etal
kswi
tht
heunj
ust
aut
hor
it
y. Forexampl
etheel
der
swhowentt
otal
kpeacewi
tht
heRehoboam.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dpr
ayf
ort
heunj
ustst
atet
ochangef
ort
hebet
ter
.
 Theyshoul
dpr
act
icel
oveoft
hei
rnei
ghbour
sandenemi
esandoft
hosewhoper
secut
e
t
hem.
 Theyshoul
dadv
icet
hedi
ctat
orst
hatt
heyar
eGod’
srepr
esent
ati
vesonear
th.
 Chr
ist
ians shoul
dremai
n humbl
e,exempl
aryev
en i
nthei
rsuf
fer
ing l
i
ke pr
ophet
Jer
emi
ahwashumbl
einhi
sst
ateofsuf
fer
ing.
`
Not
e:Howev
er,
itsr
ightoft
heChr
ist
ianst
ovoi
ceoutt
hei
rdi
ssat
isf
act
ionandassuch
t
heycanal
way
srebel
andopposeas t
hel
astr
esor
t.
DI
SADVANTAGESOFWAR
 Mur
deroft
hei
nnocent
.Forexampl
edur
ingt
heRwandaGenoci
deof1994wher
emany
peopl
elostt
hei
rli
ves.
 Fami
neandpoorst
andar
dsofl
i
vingbecauseofl
ackofconcent
rat
ioni
nthatpeopl
e
l
ackbasi
cnecessi
ti
esdur
ingwar
.
 I
tleadst
ount
oldsuf
fer
ingoft
hei
nnocent
.Forexampl
etheAbokegi
rl
swhogot
abduct
edbyJosephKonyr
ebel
s
 I
tmaybr
ing abouti
mmor
ali
tyoft
he peopl
e.Thati
sto say
,peopl
e ar
e usual
l
y
concent
rat
edi
ncampsandmov
ementi
srest
ri
ctedt
hismakesl
i
feunbear
abl
e.
 Dest
ruct
ionofpr
oper
ty. Forexampl
einAf
ghani
stanwher
emostoft
hei
nfr
ast
ruct
ure
wer
edest
roy
edbyUSbomber
s.
 I
tbr
eedsgr
ossv
iol
ati
oni
fhumanr
ight
s. Forexampl
erapi
ng,st
eal
i
ng,l
oot
ingand
manyot
her
s
 Unempl
oymentbecomesr
ampantbecauseoft
hecl
osur
e,dest
ruct
ionofi
ndust
ri
es
andf
act
ori
es.
 Warbr
ingsaboutdi
ctat
ors. Forexampl
eIdiAmi
n,JosephKabi
rawhoal
lcamet
o
powert
hroughwar
.
 I
nwart
her
eisbondt
obeanar
chy
.Thati
stosay
,thest
ateofl
awl
essnesshencea
st
ateofnopeaceandhar
mony
.
 Per
missi
venessbecomesr
ampantl
eadi
ngpeopl
etodoast
heypl
ease.
Ot
herf
act
orst
hatmaydi
sruptpeacet
hanwar
 Lackoff
reedom ofwor
shi
p,expr
essi
onandassoci
ati
on.
 Pov
ert
y
 TheAI
DSscour
ge,
resul
ti
ngi
ntocasesofor
phans,
widowsandmanyot
her
s
 Di
scr
imi
nat
ionandt
ri
bal
i
sm. Forexampl
etheHut
uandt
heTut
si.
 Dr
ugabuseandaddi
cti
on.
 Quar
rel
sfi
ght
sanddi
vor
cei
nfami
l
ies.Forexampl
efor
merVi
cepr
esi
dentofUganda
doct
orSpeci
ozaKazi
bwe.
 Lossofdearones
 Fami
neandhunger
.
`
 Unempl
oyment
 Et
hni
cdi
seases. Forexampl
eKar
amaj
ongr
aidsandcat
tl
erust
li
ngwhi
chhaskeptt
he
I
tesoi
nast
ateofr
est
lessness?
 I
nequal
i
tyandper
missi
venessoft
hesoci
ety
.
 I
ll
i
ter
acyandi
gnor
ance.
THEBI
BLETEACHI
NGONWARANDPEACE
 Chr
ist
iani
tyadv
ocat
esf
orpeaceandhar
monyatal
lti
mes.
 Thebi
blet
eachest
hatpeacei
sGod’
swi
l
lformanki
nd.
 Thr
oughJesus,
peaceandr
econci
l
iat
ioncamei
ntot
hewor
ld.
 Chr
ist
iansar
ecal
l
edupont
owor
kposi
ti
vel
yforpeacef
orhappyar
ethepeacemaker
s.
 Real
peacemeansj
ust
ice.
 Jesusexcl
udedwarandt
heuseofv
iol
enceasameansofest
abl
i
shi
nghi
sheav
enl
y
ki
ngdom.
 Jesusi
samessi
ahf
orpeaceaspr
ophesi
zedbypr
ophet
s.
 Chr
ist
iansshoul
dwor
kforpeaceal
lthet
imef
ort
heent
ir
ewor
ld.
 1Cor
int
hians13:
13,
Paul
emphasi
zesunsel
fi
shl
oveagapet
her
ebycr
eat
ingpeace.
 WhenJesuswasl
eav
inghi
sdi
sci
ples,
hel
eftt
hem wi
tht
hegi
ftofpeace.
 Jesusgav
ehi
sdi
sci
plest
hecommandment
stol
ovet
hei
renemi
esast
heyl
ove
t
hemsel
ves.
 Al
lthepr
ophet
s.Thati
stosay
,Jer
emi
ahandot
her
spr
ophesi
zedt
heper
fectpeace
t
hatwast
ocomei
ntheper
sonofJesus.
THECOMPONENTSOFAPEACEFULSOCI
ETY
 Whent
her
eisf
reedom f
rom warandci
vi
ldi
sor
derhenceamomentofcal
mness.
 Peacei
sful
l
yachi
evedi
fthe3aspect
soft
heper
sont
hesoul
,mi
ndandbodyar
eal
lin
har
mony
.
 I
fther
eisabundanceorpl
ent
yoff
ood.Thati
stosay
,absenceofhungerandf
ami
ne.
 Whenpeopl
eli
vewi
thoutf
earori
nti
midat
ion.
 Whent
her
eisnor
epr
essi
onofpeopl
e’
sfr
eedom ofpr
essandassoci
ati
on.
 Asi
tuat
ionwher
emostpeopl
ear
eli
ter
ate.
 Av
ail
abi
l
ityofempl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
essucht
hatpeopl
ewho qual
i
fyar
ereadi
l
y
absor
bed.
`