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1348828608852-Material MGMT
1348828608852-Material MGMT
1348828608852-Material MGMT
Introduction:-
Materials Management covers a much wider field.The Materials Management is concerned with the
entire range of functions which effect the flow, conservation and utilization, and the quality and the cost
of materials. It is that aspect which is concerned with the activities involved in the acquisition and
storage of all material directly and indirectly employed in the production of the finished product.These
activities include material planning, programming, purchasing, inventory control, receiving, ware
housing, stores keeping, transportation, material handling and disposal of scrap.Another function is
value analysis, which is concerned with ascertaining whether the material purchased are of the greatest
possible value in return for the money spent.
Materials Management covers the entire cycle of supplies, and in modern and progressive organization
like the Indian Railways complete control on the Materials is vested in the Stores Department under the
Controller of stores directly responsible to the General Manager.
The Inventory Management in Indian Railways is very complex function as the management has to
deal with from common consumable stores to most complicated items such as parts of sophisticated
rolling stalk, signaling and tele-communication equipment etc .The fundamental Principle of Inventory
Management is to see that right quality of material in right quality is brought at the right price and at the
right time. from the right source. The organization for inventory Management thus involve planning and
programming for purchases ,procurement ,inspection ,storage, handling of materials inside the works
and affective control over inventory.
The administration and control of stores of railways is conducted by the stores department under the
Supervision of a Controller of Stores who is the Principal Officer of the stores department. This
department is centrally controlled from head quarters. He is assisted by one or two chief materials
managers(normally general, sales and construction), Junior Administrative Officers, Senior Scales
Officers, Junior Scales Officers and compliment of non-gazetted staff for handling the inventory
management competently and efficiently.
Delegation of Powers :-
Purchase is one of the vital functions of the Controller of Stores as it effects the Capital and Cash flow
of Railways it should be ensured that there should be no blockage of capital for which a definite rate of
dividend is payable to General Revenues. In order to reduce the Capital-at -Charge thus saving ultimately
the payment of dividend and also to ensure efficient quick and smooth working of Railways, the railway
board ,have delegated certain powers to the General Manager in the matter of purchases, sales etc. of
stores. Subject to safeguard railways interest, the General Manager may re-delegate these
powers(within specified limits) to COS/CMM and other officers subordinate to them. In consultation
with the FA & CAO, excepting those where a level of delegation have been fixed by railway board.
While exercising these powers the finance branch of the FA & CAO office shall be consulted and the
vetting shall be obtained before commitments or incurring any expenditure. The need of such
delegations is, to make every stores officer responsible for the job interested and the responsibility fixed
for the limits of spending, to avoid wastage, unnecessary blocking of capital and smooth cash flow as per
device of Exchequer control.
In regards to powers delegated to the controllers of the stores, he should pay strict regard to the
standards /canons of financial propriety among which are the following-
1. The expenditure should not prima facie be more than the occasion demands, and that every
government servant should exercise the same vigilance in respect of expenditure incurred from
public moneys as a person of ordinary prudence would exercise in respect of the expenditure of
his own money
2. No authority should exercise its powers of sanctioning expenditures to pass an order which will
be directly or indirectly to its own advantages
3. Public money should not be utilized for the benefit of a particular person or section of the
community, unless-
a) the amount of expenditure involved is insignificant, or
b) a claim for the amount could be enforced in court of law, or
c) the expenditure is in pursuance of a recognized policy or custom.
4. The amount of allowances, such as travelling allowances, granted to meet expenditures of a
particular type, should be regulated that the allowances are not on the whole sources of profit to
the recipients.
Note: All proposals involving financial implications except those which have been specifically
exempted for this purpose should be referred to finance branch for advise before these are
sanctioned.
Inventory Control :-
Inventory means the sum of items of stores held in stock at various Stores Depots under Stores
Department. Inventory Stores more comprehensively known as material management is one of the four
‘M’ of the management viz., men, material, machines and money.
Inventories of raw materials, stores and spare parts, and the value of unfinished jobs as work in progress
in Railway workshop represent essential, but unproductive capital investment. Efficient Inventory
management requires lowest stock levels with highest service levels. The objective is secured through
budgeting for inventories after careful scheduling of deliveries against purchases and regular monitoring
of the changing needs of indenters.
There is acute shortage of resources for even renewals and replacements of considerably large number
of assets like Rolling Stock, Track, Signaling equipments etc. The location of resources for expansion,
development and modernization is gaining secondary priority. Due to such accumulation of arrears there
is no possibility to reduce the cost of service and generate resources. Inventory control is one of such
vital management tools, where even a marginal reduction could be considered, reduction in cost of
service.
1. Cost of physical stock of stores held at various Stores Depots together with balances outstanding
under Stores Suspense Account.
2. Work in progress in various Railway Workshops, Production Units i.e. value of unfinished jobs.
3. Value of Stores advanced for fabrication of loans of materials to others.
To have effective control, The Railway Board have classified the Stores and fixed ceilings as under :-
By scrutiny of Stores Balances, it is possible to disposes Surplus Stores which are not required and
unnecessary blocking capital. The disposal of surplus stores and scrap shall be made as per extant policy
of railways.
Vital :- Vital items are such without which the equipment stop working and there is no time left for
procurement of such items for example a Diesel engine cannot work without petrol.
Essential :- Essential items are such without which the equipment may work but with less efficiency
and there is time left for procurement of such items for example grease and oil.
Desirable :- Desirable items are such without which the equipment can work. For example additional
facilities provided in the trains.
The above is analysis is adopted to keep the stocks at optimum level and normally is based on Annual
Consumption Value of items. The position of these items is reviewed periodically at Depot and Headquarters
level.
Non-Moving Items -
The items under this category are such which have not been issued for the period of 24 months but, it is
anticipated to be used in the near future or items which are not likely to be utilized for further period
exceeding 24 months and are classified as Dead Surplus. No provisioning is required for these items and
steps are to be taken to liquidate such items effectively from dead inventory.
Surplus Stores
The stores which have not been issued for long time only, can be considered Surplus to the
requirements of the Railway. Even amongst such items there may be some it is known could be utilized
for the purpose of the Railway in the near future. Purely temporary excesses over immediate or
estimated requirements are not really surpluses so long as they can be issued over a comparatively short
period of time.
Movable Surplus:
Movable surplus stores comprise items of stores which have not been issued for a period of 24
months, it is anticipated, will be issued in the near future. Such items should be marked in the price list.
Dead Surplus:
Dead Surplus Stores comprises items of stores which have not been issued for 24 months and which,
it is considered, are not likely to be utilized on any railway within next two years. No item may, however.
Be classified as “dead surplus” unless it has been duly inspected by a Survey Committee and declare as
such. Such items should be marked in the Price List.
The Stores Department of every Railway is equipped with “Surplus Stock Section” who deal effectively
with the disposal of Surplus Stock, either by issue, or transfer to other Railways or by sale.
For issue, the consuming departments should be asked whether the item could be utilized in the next
two years or by converting into an other standard item or against another standard item.
For transfer, other Railways and other Government departments should be asked whether the item
could be utilized.
By sale, it could bre done either sale by tender or auction sale after the recommendation of the Survey
Committee.
The Surplus Stock Section should scrutinize every public call for tender, stores, bulletins and Home
indents issued by other Railways, the Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals or any other
Government department or public body, and in addition examine advertisements in papers, such as the
Indian Trade Journal in order to discover suitable opportunities of effecting the sales of surplus stock and
over-stocks.