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Hydrosphere: Hydrological Cycle, Importance, and Sample Questions

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Hydrosphere is the combined mass of all the liquid and frozen water that is found above, on, or under the Earth’s surface.
This frozen and liquid water covers approximately 75% of the Earth's surface. Our Hydrosphere distinguishes Earth from other Atoms & Molecules: Definition, Properties, K
planets in the solar system, giving it the look of blue marble. Freshwater, which is found in rivers, lakes, and groundwater, makes ey Differences and Sample Questions

up a minor fraction of the water present on Earth. Properties of Matter: Physical and Chemical
Properties
Read Also: Role of Atmosphere
LPG Composition: Definition, Components a
nd Sample questions
Table of Content
Layers of the Earth: Inner and Outer Core, M
1. What is Hydrosphere? antle and Crust

2. Hydrological Cycle Isotopes: Types, Applications, Representatio

3. Importance of Hydrosphere n and Examples

4. Impact of Human Activities on Hydrosphere First 20 Elements of Periodic Table: Symbols

5. How to conserve Hydrosphere? , Atomic Number and Sample Questions

6. Things to Remember Chemical Change: Properties & Detailed Exp

7. Sample Questions lanation with Examples

Oxygen Cycle: Steps, Uses, Process and Sa

mple Questions
Key Terms: Water, Earth, Hydrosphere, Layers of Earth, Surface, Liquid, Geosphere, Atmosphere
Density of Water: Factors, Temperature & Ex
periment
What is Hydrosphere? [Click Here for Sample Questions] Unit of Distance: SI & CGS Unit, Conversion
The hydrosphere includes all of the water on the Earth's surface. It is linked to the geosphere (lithosphere and atmosphere), the
Difference Between Mass and Volume
biosphere, and the human-related anthroposphere in the Earth system.

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Water, the most abundant substance in our planet's environment, is available everywhere on Earth in liquid, solid, and vapor Effects of Force: Definition, Types and Samp
stages. The quantity of liquid water on Earth separates our world from the other planets in the solar system, which lack liquid water. le Questions

Difference between Land Breeze and Sea Br

eeze

Jaundice Symptoms: Causes, Types and Dia

gnosis

Speed-Time graphs: Constant Speed and Ac

celeration Units

Difference Between Force and Pressure: For

mula & SI Unit

Distance-Time Graph: Formula, Importance

& Plotting

Balanced Force: Difference, Examples & Un

balanced Force

Hydrosphere Air Pollution: Causes, Sources,Types, Conse

quences, Control
Water is required for the survival of life on Earth. The hydrological cycle (also known as the water cycle) is a never-ending
Tissues - Definition, Types and Functions
process of water circulation from clouds to land, to the ocean, and back to the clouds. The energy exchanges between the
Atmosphere, Cryosphere, Hydrosphere, and Geosphere assist to define the Earth's climate and are responsible for a lot of
natural climatic fluctuation. Science NCERT Solutions

The hydrosphere is significant because the water supports a variety of living forms. It also controls the atmosphere and plays an Difference Between Mitochondria and Plastid
important function in the ecosystem. Water held in the minerals could escape to the surface and condense to create the original s

hydrosphere after the planet's surface had cooled sufficiently. The hydrogen is ejected into space, leaving just the oxygen left. Cell Wall and Cell Membrane: Definition, Fun
ctions, Difference, Examples

Lithosphere: Types, Composition, Importanc

e

Squamous: Definition, Classification and Str

ucture

Role of Atmosphere in Climate Control: Glob

al Warming, Precipitation

Difference between Dominant and Recessiv

e Traits

Four Spheres of the Earth System Reverberation: Advantages, Applications, an

d Reducing Methods
Let’s Learn About Components of Hydrosphere
Difference between Molar Mass and Molecul
Components of Hydrosphere are: ar Mass: Definition & Formulas

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1. Oceans: Most of the water on our planet is salt water, and the vast majority of this saltwater is present in the oceans. Atomic Mass And Molecular Mass
2. Freshwater: Freshwater is much less abundant than saltwater, and is present in a variety of different places.
Elementary Idea Of Relative Density: Formul
3. Surface Water: Surface sources of freshwater consist of lakes, rivers, and streams. a, Factors and Sample Questions
4. Groundwater: Freshwater stored beneath the ground makes up a small portion of the fresh water on Earth.
5. Glacial Water: Water that melts off of glaciers.

Read More: Deforestation

Hydrological Cycle [Click Here for Sample Questions]

The hydrological cycle (water cycle) is critical to the existence of the hydrosphere. It consists of four stages: evaporation,
condensation, precipitation, and surface run-off. The heat of the sun evaporates water from lakes, seas, streams, and other
bodies of water through the process of evaporation. When hot air carries water vapour away from the earth's surface, it begins to
cool.

Later, it takes the shape of clouds through the process of condensation. Cloud particles clash, grow, and fall out of the sky as
precipitation as the air currents carry clouds around the world. Some rain falls as snow, which can form ice caps and glaciers that
retain frozen water for millions of years. When spring approaches, snowpacks soften and melt, and the melted water flows.

Hydrological Cycle

When water condenses in clouds, it gets heavy and, depending on the temperature of the atmosphere, begins to fall as snow or
rain through precipitation. The majority of precipitation falls into the seas or onto land, where it runs over the ground as surface
runoff owing to gravity. Lakes collect runoff and groundwater seepage and store it as freshwater.

However, not all runoff ends up in rivers. Infiltration absorbs a large portion of it. Some water seeps deep into the earth, replenishing
aquifers (saturated subsurface rock) that may hold large volumes of freshwater for extended periods of time. Some groundwater
seeps back into surface-water bodies as groundwater discharge, whereas other groundwater finds holes in the land surface and

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emerges as freshwater springs. However, over time, all of this water continues to move, part of it returning to the ocean, where the
water cycle "ends."

Also check:

Important Concepts Related to Hydrosphere

How are clouds formed Effects of Water Pollution Forms of Water Cycle

Transpiration Oxygen Cycle Our Enviroment

Importance of Hydrosphere [Click Here for Sample Questions]

The hydrosphere is extremely important since it is essential for the existence of all living forms. Here are some of the hydrosphere's
important roles:

1. A part of a living cell

Water makes up at least 75 percent of each cell in a living creature. This encourages the cell to operate normally. The majority of
chemical reactions in living organisms involve elements dissolved in water. Without water, no cell would survive or be able to carry
out its usual duties.

2. Provides a Home for Diverse Life Forms

The hydrosphere serves as a vital habitat for a variety of plants and animals. Water dissolves several nutrients, including nitrate,
nitrite, and ammonium ions, as well as gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen. These chemicals are essential for the survival of life
in water.

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Provides a Home for Diverse Life Forms

3. Control the weather

The specific heat of water is one of its distinguishing features. Water takes a long time to heat up and cool down. It aids in the
regulation of Earth's temperatures, ensuring that they remain within a range that is suitable for the existence of life on the planet.

4. Atmosphere Existence

The hydrosphere makes a considerable contribution to the current state of the atmosphere. When the world was created, it just had
a thin atmosphere. This atmosphere was comparable to Mercury's present atmosphere as it was densely packed with helium and
hydrogen.

Helium and hydrogen were evacuated from the atmosphere subsequently. As the Earth cooled, gases and water vapor were
created, forming the present atmosphere. This occurrence is thought to have occurred 400 million years ago.

5. Human Requirements

Aside from drinking, water is utilized for human activities for both home and industrial functions, such as cooking and cleaning.
Water may be utilized for transportation, agriculture, and hydropower generation, among other things.

Impact of Human Activities on Hydrosphere [Click Here for Sample Questions]

The major cause of depletion of water supplies and degradation of the hydrosphere is irresponsible human activities.

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• Tree cutting has a negative impact on the ecosystem and contributes to global warming.
• Industrial waste, hazardous chemicals, pesticides, radioactive substances, and plastics discharged into water bodies have a
negative influence on the freshwater system as well as aquatic flora and animals.
• Fossil fuel combustion is the primary source of hazardous greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and
nitrogen oxides. Acid rain is caused by these gases.
• When this water collects in the hydrosphere, it becomes acidified. The majority of fishes cannot survive in acidified water, and
their numbers have been steadily declining.

Impact of Human Activities on Coastal Water

The need for water will rise as the population grows. Our lakes, rivers, freshwater ponds, and wells, on the other hand, are
dwindling. The freshwater shortage is expected to become a major issue in the future years.

Important Facts on Hydrosphere

1. The total amount of water on Earth is about 333 million cubic miles or 1,386 million cubic kilometers.
2. About 68.7% of the freshwater exists in the form of permanent snow. This exists in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, as well
as other mountain glaciers.
3. The hydrosphere interacts with the atmosphere and the lithosphere primarily through the hydrologic cycle.
4. The Earth is known as water planet in light of the fact that life on the Earth entirely depends on the water that exists in the
hydrosphere.
5. According to scientists, the amount of water on the Earth’s surface doesn’t change over time. This implies the amount of
water available on the Earth today is the same as it was when dinosaurs were roaming the Earth.

Read Also: Difference Between Evaporation and Transpiration

How to Conserve Hydrosphere? [Click Here for Sample Questions]

The presence of the hydrosphere is necessary for the survival of life on the planet. We can all take small actions that contribute to
large-scale water conservation.

1. Educate youngsters about the importance of water and teach them how to conserve our hydrosphere. Small modifications that
begin in each home have a large impact on the preservation of the environment.
2. Preventing oil spills that are one of the most common causes of hydrosphere damage. Because oil dispersion on the water's
surface generates a thin layer that impedes the evaporation process.
3. Grow native plants that may not necessitate a lot of water or fertilizer.
4. Properly dispose harmful chemical substances such as paint, medication bottles, plastics, and other hazardous items.
5. Do not put rubbish into ponds and wells.

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6. Check for leaks in the toilets and faucets throughout the house.
7. Only use a little amount of water to wash the veggies, clothing, and automobiles.

Conservation of Hydrosphere

Things to Remember
• The hydrologic cycle is the primary means through which the hydrosphere interacts with the atmosphere and lithosphere.
• The hydrosphere accounts for around 1.41018 tonnes of Earth's total mass or about 0.023 percent of the planet's total mass.
• Approximately 68.7% of freshwater is found in the form of perpetual snow. This can be found in the Arctic and Antarctic, as well
as on other mountain glaciers.
• Temperature and pressure in the hydrosphere are thought to change dramatically with depth.
• Ocean currents always flow from East to West as the Earth rotates from West to East. Near the equator, when the Coriolis force
is near zero, the currents are more noticeable
• The hydrosphere, like the environment, is thought to be in perpetual motion.

Also Read:

Chapter Related Topics

Components of Ecosystem Volcanoes Quantum Physics

Food Chain And Food Web Constellation Wind Chimes

Rain Types of Wind Difference Between Land Breeze and Sea Breeze

Sample Questions

Ques: What is hydrosphere? (2 marks)

Ques: What are three interesting facts about the hydrosphere? (3 marks)

Ques: What causes the formation of the hydrosphere? (3 marks)

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Ques: What role does the hydrosphere have in human life? (2 marks)

Ques: What are five different types of hydrospheres? (5 marks)

Check Important Notes for Biogeochemical Cycles

Ques: Comment on availability of Oxygen in Hydrosphere? (1 mark)

Ques: What are the hydrosphere's layers? (3 marks)

Ques: What will happen if the hydrosphere isn't present? (2 marks)

Ques: What is Specific Freshwater Availability? (3 marks)

Ques: What are the natural changes in the hydrosphere? (2 marks)

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CBSE X Related Questions

1. Explain the following terms with one example each.

(a) Corrosion
(b) Rancidity

View Solution

2.
What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?

View Solution

3. An electric bulb is rated 220 V and 100 W. When it is operated on 110 V, the power consumed will be –

A 100 W

B 75 W

C 50 W

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D 25 W

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4. A spherical mirror and a thin spherical lens have each a focal length of −15 cm. The mirror and the lens are likely to be

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C the mirror is concave and the lens is convex

D the mirror is convex, but the lens is concave.

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5.
Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group

A carboxylic acid

B aldehyde.

C ketone.

D alcohol.

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6. Which of the following correctly describes the magnetic field near a long straight wire?

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A The field consists of straight lines perpendicular to the wire.

B The field consists of straight lines parallel to the wire.

C The field consists of radial lines originating from the wire.

D The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire.

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