Lab session 4: Sequential circuits and Counters

Objective

The objective of lab session 4 is

 To define a sequential circuit and counter circuits
 To know the procedures that are used to design a sequential circuit specially
counter
 To differentiate a state diagram, state table, excitation table and logic diagram
 To design a sequential circuit using the simulator software

Pre-lab Exercise

1. Which of the following statements describe a sequential circuit?

A. It is an interconnection of flip flop and gates
B. Flip flops (binary storage device) are the elementary building unit of
sequential circuits
C. It involves feedback from output to input that is stored in the memory for
the next operation
D. Used mainly for Arithmetic and Boolean operations
E. Logic gates are the elementary building blocks of sequential circuits
F. Independent of clock and hence does not require triggering to operate
G. Output is a function of clock, present inputs and the previous states of the
system
H. Do not have the ability to store data (state)
2. A sequential circuit with m flip-flops, n input variables, and p output variables
will contain
A. m columns for present state
B. m + n columns for inputs
C. n columns for next state
D. p - n columns for outputs
3. That state of the flip flops at any given time t is called?
A. Present state C. Input
B. Next state D. Output

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 4. What is counter circuit?
A. It is a sequential circuit and it is the widest application of flip-flops
B. A digital circuit which is used for counting pulses
C. It is a group of flip-flops with a clock signal applied
D. All
5. A table that shows the required transition from present state to next state is?
A. Excitation table C. State table
B. Characteristics table D. All
6. How many binary combinations we have for M flip flop and N inputs?
A. M x N – 1 C. 2M+N
B. 2MxN D. M+N -1
7. Convert the below state diagram into state table

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In-lab Exercise

8. Design a three-bit "counter" which counts 0, 3, 6, 1, 4, 7, 2, 5, 0, 3 ... using D flip

flops.
 Follow the following design procedures
i. Understand the circuit and write circuit specification
ii. Translating the circuit specifications into a state diagram.
iii. Convert the state diagram into a state table.
iv. Extend the state table into an excitation table
v. Find the set of flip-flop input equation for the combinational circuit
vi. Draw the logic diagram

Post-lab Exercise

9. From the above design procedures, which one is the most important for
designing a sequential circuit?
10. A sequential circuit has two D flip-flops A and B, two inputs x and y, and one
output z. The flip-flop input equations and the circuit output are as follows:
DA = X’Y +XA
DB= XB + XA
Z=B
A. Draw the logic diagram of the circuit
B. Tabulate the state diagram

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