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 Chapter 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

1. Which of the following have been identified as common causes of the sudden death of
athletes?
A) Pulmonary problems
B) Hyperthermia
C) Drug abuse
D) Blunt chest trauma
E) All of the above

2. Sudden cardiac death ___________.

A) is defined as death of an individual occurring within 48 hours
B) is very common in athletes; 100 cases occur per 2500 participants
C) is generally precipitated by activity, many cases occur later in the day
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

3. In athletes older than 35 years of age the cause of sudden cardiac death typically stems
from ________.
A) coronary artery disease
B) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) exercise-induced anaphylaxis
D) sarcoidosis

4. ________is responsible for approximately one-third of all cases of sudden cardiac death
in athletes younger than age 35.
A) Coronary artery disease
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) Exercise-induced anaphylaxis
D) All of the above
E) B&C

5. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy _________.

A) is a congenital condition
B) is thought to involve primary arrhythmias and hemodynamic events
C) involves impaired systolic filling
D) A&B
E) A, B, & C

Page 1
 Chapter 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

6. Primary arrhythmias, hemodynamic events such as decreased stroke volume, decreased

diastolic filling, and impaired ventricular filling are often associated with ___________.
A) pulmonary embolisms
B) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) ventricular dysplasia
D) coronary artery abnormalities

7. Use of an electrocardiogram during a preparticipation physical may enable a clinician to

identify ventricular hypertrophy and marked symmetrical T-wave inversion.
A) True
B) False
C) True, but an echocardiogram is a better test
D) False, but an echocardiogram is a better test

8. Coronary artery anomalies are ______________.

A) less frequently diagnosed than hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as the cause of death in
athletes
B) diagnosed more frequently than ventricular dysplasia
C) assessed best using an angiogram
D) A&B
E) A&C

9. Long QT syndrome ___________.

A) can be an acquired condition
B) is a genetic or inherited condition
C) involves prolongation of cardiac depolarization
D) A&B
E) A&C

10. _________is a congenital cardiac condition in which the ventricle of the heart receives
electrical stimulation from accessory pathways.
A) Long QT syndrome
B) Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
C) Brugada syndrome
D) Arthur's syndrome

Page 2
 Chapter 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

11. _________involves preexcitation of the ventricle from the atrium and often results in
syncope. Patients with this condition also present with atrial fibrillation 10% to 30% of the time.
A) Long QT syndrome
B) Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
C) Brugada syndrome
D) Arthur's syndrome

12. Brugada syndrome _____________.

A) has a high risk for sudden death in young healthy adults
B) is a genetic disease
C) results in ventricular fibrillation
D) requires placement of an intracardiac defibrillator for treatment
E) All of the above

13. __________, which typically presents as mid- to late-systolic clicking, is associated with
sudden death in a minority of athletes.
A) Long QT syndrome
B) Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
C) Brugada syndrome
D) Valvular heart disease

14. Aortic stenosis presents with a harsh systolic murmur that increases upon squatting.
Patients with a mild case of this condition may participate in all competitive sports.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Only the first statement is true.
C) Only the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

15. You might expect the patient to be suffering from which of the following conditions, if
they present with chest discomfort, dyspnea, and a variety of symptoms associated with viral
infections?
A) Commotio cordis
B) Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
C) Viral myocarditis
D) Pneumonia

Page 3
 Chapter 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

16. _______________ is a genetic condition that is often associated with a ruptured aortic
aneurysm.
A) Marfan's syndrome
B) Kawasaki disease
C) Myocarditis
D) Long QT syndrome

17. Marfan's syndrome may present with which of the following signs and symptoms?
A) Chest pain and back pain
B) Limb ischemia
C) Syncope
D) Heart failure
E) A&B
F) A&C
G) A, B, C, & D

18. The use of supplements and drugs are sometimes associated with deaths in athletes.
Cocaine use has been associated with _____________.
A) heart arrhythmias
B) aortic dissection
C) cardiomyopathy
D) A&B
E) A, B, & C

19. A period of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be employed prior to utilizing

an automated external defibrillator (AED) and chest compressions should be resumed
immediately after use of an AED.
A) True
B) False
C) Cannot be determined from the information provided

20. Numerous changes have occurred over the years to ensure that appropriate ventilation
and compressions are made to the chest during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The
recommended ratio for breaths and compressions is __________.
A) 2:15
B) 2:30
C) 1:45
D) 2:50

Page 4
 Chapter 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

21. ___________ is a skin condition that presents as punctuate papules that come on after
short periods of exercise.
A) Cholinergic urticaria
B) Exercise-induced anaphylaxis
C) Variant type exercise-induced anaphylaxis
D) None of the above

22. ____________ involves fatigue, generalized warmth, pruritus, and erythema, progressing
further to include urticarial eruption. This condition may also result in periods of lost
consciousness, choking, stridor, and gastrointestinal (GI) colic with nausea and vomiting.
A) Cholinergic urticaria
B) Exercise-induced anaphylaxis
C) Variant type exercise-induced anaphylaxis
D) None of the above

23. __________ is characterized by punctuated urticaria and exercise-induced vascular

collapse.
A) Cholinergic urticaria
B) Exercise-induced anaphylaxis
C) Variant type exercise-induced anaphylaxis
D) None of the above

24. Which of the following is not a treatment for exercise-induced anaphylaxis?

A) Subcutaneous epinephrine
B) Intravenous fluid
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Antihistamines
E) Airway management

25. Which of the following are common asthma triggers?

A) Allergen exposure
B) Air pollutants
C) Drugs
D) Weather changes
E) All of the above

Page 5
 Chapter 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

26. Bronchorestriction is the result of _________.

A) inflammatory cell mediator release
B) local reflex stimulation
C) central neural reflex stimulation
D) A&B
E) A, B, & C

27. Which of the following are events associated with asthma?

1. Release of chemical mediators
2. Swelling of airway walls
3. Increased microvascular permeability
4. Mucosal thickening
A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 2, 3, 4
D) 1&3

28. Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of asthma?

A) Shortness of breath and wheezing
B) Chest tightness
C) Night and morning cough
D) Fast breathing that worsens with exercise or changes in the weather

29. Which of the following are not signs and symptoms that a person's asthma is flaring up?
A) Requiring extra doses of quick-relief rescue inhaler
B) Pulsus paranormal
C) Use of accessory muscles for inspiration
D) Diaphoresis

30. Asthma severity is determined via _________.

A) clinical examination
B) pulmonary function
C) asthma symptoms
D) need for rescue medication
E) All of the above

31. In order to guide initial management, which of the following should be done?
A) Provide a rescue inhaler.
B) Perform peak expiratory flow measurement.
C) Perform a chest x-ray.

Page 6
 Chapter 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

32. Albuterol, metaproterenol, and terbutaline are all types of __________.

A) beta-2 agonists
B) beta-2 antagonists
C) antihistamines
D) anticholergenics

33. The side effects of beta-2 agonists include _________.

A) tachycardia and tachyarrhythmia
B) skeletal muscle generators
C) hypokalemia
D) increase in blood-free fatty acids
E) All of the above

34. ___________ is a metabolic disorder that results from insulin secretion, action, or both.
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Insulin shock
C) Insulin withdrawal
D) All of the above

35. One of your athletes just received some medication to help manage an asthma attack. The
athlete begins to complain of blurry vision, depression, confusion, nausea, and skin redness.
Which of the following medications did she receive?
A) Beta-2 agonists
B) Beta-2 antagonists
C) Antihistamines
D) Corticosteroids

36. Athletes suffering from type 2 diabetes will present with _______.
A) electrolyte imbalances
B) hyperglycemia
C) dehydration
D) A&B
E) A, B, & C

Page 7
 Chapter 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

37. Diabetic ketoacidosis _________.

A) is a medical emergency
B) is brought on by hyperglycemia
C) develops as a result of hypoglycemia
D) is the result of excess insulin circulating throughout the body
E) A&B
F) A, B, & D

38. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency. It comes about as free fatty acids are
released into the circulation and the liver takes them up, converts them to ketones, and releases
them back into the circulation.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) Only the first statement is true.
D) Only the second statement is true.

39. Insulin deficiency results in ___________.

A) hyperglycemic conditions within the body
B) dehydration
C) hyerhydration
D) A&B
E) A&C

40. The Epstein-Barr virus results in the development of _________.

A) mononucleosis
B) lymphadenopathy
C) lymphocytosis
D) A&C
E) A& B

41. Which of the following are not signs and symptoms of mononucleosis?
A) Sore throat
B) Fever
C) Malaise
D) Increased red blood cell count

Page 8
 Chapter 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

42. Which of the following would be consistent with prehypertension?

A) Systolic blood pressure of 120 to 139 mm Hg
B) Systolic blood pressure of 140 to 159 mm Hg
C) Systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm Hg
D) None of the above

43. Which of the following would be consistent with stage I hypertension?

A) Systolic blood pressure of 120 to 139 mm Hg
B) Systolic blood pressure of 140 to 159 mm Hg
C) Systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm Hg
D) Diastolic blood pressure of 80 to 89 mm Hg
E) Diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mm Hg

44. If hypertension goes untreated, it can result in target organ dysfunction. Which of the
following organs are most affected by hypertension?
A) Central nervous system
B) Cardiovascular system
C) Renal system
D) All of the above

Page 9
 Chapter 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

Answer Key
1. E
All of the above
2. C
is generally precipitated by activity, many cases occur later in the day
3. A
coronary artery disease
4. E
B&C
5. D
A&B
6. B
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
7. C
True, but an echocardiogram is a better test
8. E
A&C
9. D
A&B
10. B
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
11. B
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
12. E
All of the above
13. D
Valvular heart disease
14. A
Both statements are true.
15. C
Viral myocarditis
16. A
Marfan's syndrome
17. G
A, B, C, & D
18. E
A, B, & C
19. A
True
20. B
2:30
21. A
Cholinergic urticaria
22. B
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis

Page 10
 Chapter 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

23. C
Variant type exercise-induced anaphylaxis
24. C
Carbon dioxide
25. E
All of the above
26. E
A, B, & C
27. A
1, 2, 3, 4
28. C
Night and morning cough
29. B
Pulsus paranormal
30. E
All of the above
31. B
Perform peak expiratory flow measurement.
32. A
beta-2 agonists
33. E
All of the above
34. A
Diabetes mellitus
35. D
Corticosteroids
36. E
A, B, & C
37. E
A&B
38. A
Both statements are true.
39. D
A&B
40. A
mononucleosis
41. D
Increased red blood cell count
42. A
Systolic blood pressure of 120 to 139 mm Hg
43. B
Systolic blood pressure of 140 to 159 mm Hg
44. D
All of the above

Page 11
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