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    ICE Revision

    Uploaded by

    Cursed Pirate

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Lab revision Objective: This experiment shows how to find the flash point for a fuel. Flash point is the minimum temperature that make fuel vapor generated combusted and it is very important for fuel storage and transportation. Three points are measured open flash point, closed flash point & fire point. Procedure: 1. A sample of diesel fuel put ina tank, Heating of the sample of fuel with continuous flipping so that fuel begin to evaporate. A cover put on the tank to close it and vapor accumulated inside the tank. ‘The cover is opened and a flame is directed to the vapor to make a flash. Tf there is no flash the cover closed again and wait until temperature rise again by 5 °C, . The cover is opened again and a flame is directed to the vapor to make a flash. . If there is no flash again repeat point 5 again until flash occurred. . The temperature measure is the closed flash point. eenegaawn - Remove the tank cover and Continue in heating, a flame is directed to the vapor to make. a flash, 10. The temperature measure is the open flash point. 11. Continue in heating and a flame is directed to the vapor to make a sustainable flame. 12. The temperature measure is the fire point. Sf Flame source Temperature sensor Cover Fuel Container Scanned with CamScanner Objective: This experiment shows how to find the Reid's vapor pressure for gasoline that shows the volatility of gasoline. Procedure: 1. 100 em? of gasoline fuel put in Reid bomb its volume is 400 cm? and connected to a pressure gauge to measure vapor pressure. 2. The Reid bomb is then immersed in a water bath held at 100 F (37,8 °C), 3. After a while, the Reid bomb should be shaken and brought back to the water bath to ensure no bubbles formed which could affect the pressure reading 4. Repeat the previous process until you find the pressure reading doesn’t change. 5. The pressure gauge measure the vapor pressure of fuel at the given temperature in terms of gauge pressure. pressure gauge Temperature Scanned with CamScanner ‘Objective: ‘This experiment shows how to find the angler degree for oil that shows the viscosity of oil. Procedure: 1. 250 cm? of oil sample put ina tank with a thermometer to measure oil temperature. 2. The tank of oil is putted in a bath of hot water to control the temperature of oil. 3. The tank is opened from down side and the oil begin to spill in to a flask put under the apparatus, 4. Measure the time took by 200 cm* oil sample to fill the flask, 5. Divide the time measured by the time for water ( 52 sec ) to get angler degree, sensors Scanned with CamScanner oF Distillation test Objective: ‘This experiment shows how to find the distillation curve for gasoline that shows ‘the volatility of gasoline along the entire boiling range. Procedure: 1, 100 cm? (100 ml) of gasoline fuel put ina flask with a thermometer to measure vapor temperature. 2. Slowly heating of the sample of fuel so that fuel begin to evaporate, 3, The vapor of fuel passes through a heat exchanger to condense it and collect it again, 4, Measure the temperature at the first point of fuel condensed. 5. Measure the temperature after collecting 10 cm? of fuel vapor. 6. Draw the distillation curve for fuel over the boiling temperatures range. ‘Thermometer Sealing > Water outlet Water tank Fuel: ‘Cover Flat Graduated vessel Scanned with CamScanner Distillation curve: 10% 50% 90% V% ELE on BLE aye pS fatal aia Es AE: soloe sSley eee Sol Jo 0 ibis sb5 ole cles lb ly Siugl pet che ssl Ae ye Jao Se ugg cd Mss apts WW er Cue De Ms loot dl Gall Ser US. 5 Galop cbt ay tyll gal yy aes Lisl y pout fo% 5 Sell a Sue ( Cold starting) Ctl Sis hs wey @ 15h Hels pags cazis obp pp Os wigll ow aot sted, wl co Cis only ayo pool « Algll gh) 2Nlsy Le ell ol et? GM lee oi oe SUE age fee Ge ke Th, cell I) al Say Car Napor lock Can yi g Be Te, Cl I nage FN ee a Ny yl Sele apy wr su aye gan + Agtl ald woe Ge, lee ell spit Be & xb r Corburator IL abet fuel chamber 4 aeteM owl ral stb Cuses ( Dy Lh (shh bia 3) sed oll shin rae, yell Sats Vy + et wae Mw leo spl a hee ayy pod ols Scanned with CamScanner 7 port som, biol SS cx See ( Morty up) sell maiz dye @ Aad oie «Shady stole St les Gt ded cttss lets Sues Ul hese eM whee Way dil iy er aad” cam, 30 2 ale Thay cell I) + Marmng up J! GLE! A Cae (Corburabor ieung) Cats ug * bitin Thay OU VA tall Sb I gly Gil 9 ail ee oly Ul woh Ger Sol lye P29 shal ode ets an his bee ny sled agg uo Sle cio le ayy Jers se Sl hs 35 Hg shyll @oserll Ul sled sagt sed (LAI Cus os 030 Byala) Cortateator @ arestl throdl welve It pot dot o He ob cs Jepll oi0 UE cee Sheady shale II dos @ de org, ag CS Ge yell Set @ Ute aghy Ogre wy May ALE 4 cyl 2h AL soil sump IW piston JI ds we > I + Pebte Tag aa ol coe Ulg eae Fol ed abe» ail oho & Scanned with CamScanner 2 This experiment shows how to measure the fuel mass flow rate of internal combustion engine Objective: Test Rig: Tt consists of the following: 1. Internal combustion engit 2. Graduate tube connected through a valves to the engine and the fuel tank 3. Stopwatch Procedure: 1, The engine is turned on via the conventional ignition system(valve 1 and 2 open), 2. The fuel valve is switched from the position of admitting the fuel from the tank into 1g the fuel trapped in the glass tube (valve 1 open, valve 2 and 3 open), until the fuel fill the tube, 3. Close valve 1 and record the time required to consume a certain volume of the fuel Coleulation: = Pfuet* Vruet Where pruet is the fuel density a ——— Scanned with CamScanner Objective: ‘This experiment shows how to measure the air mass flow rate of internal combustion engine 1. Internal combustion engine. 2. Air tank to damp the air pulsation 3. Manometer Procedure: 1. The engine is tured on 2. The air is allowed to flow through a tank (to damp the air pulsation) 3, The reading of the manometer is measured 4. the air mass flow rate is calculated using the orifice equation Orifice Air tank Water at ‘Manometer Calculation: ® Their = Ca | dorisice” |2 Pair (9 Pwater Ah) Where Cq is the orifice discharge coefficient, and dorisice is the orifice diameter, — Scanned with CamScanner boo rreosurements| + How to coleulate the effective power 2 {-Dyromomefer, Cork hath Jl Mace co shaft wn, Ze stobor S15 rotor I aw ole esd « + Stator st c)yS Jgleo oll Ys, a) Boe ee ae ing e N Re cod. (ea te tes SES oll Gd 2 Eletric leod's connected vio. opnerator rests Sos 5 Ayetl genedor 0 Syn wef baler off oS wl, quer Jt 2h Curent Ng Nellege IM ¢ 2.0 3 geile) a PeNT fd os) an ee ly Scanned with CamScanner Objective: This experiment shows how to measure the friction power of multicylinder engine. Test Rig: Tt consists of the following: 1, Gasoline engine (variable speed engine). 2. Hydraulic dynamometer to measure the brake torque. 3. Laser tachometer to measure the engine rotation speed. Procedure: 1. The engine is started. 2. The dynamometer inlet water valve is opened thus filling the dynamometer with water. 3. The load is varied till the desired speed is reached which is measured using tachometer. 4, The dynamometer reading is determined and the brake power for the four cylinders is calculated (Pe) using the following formula: = Dyno read-ReM Brake power = oe ee ant where dynamometer constant = 1300 5. One cylinder is misfired and the load is readjusted from the dynamometer to reach to the original rotational speed. 6. The dynamometer reading is determined and the brake power for the three cylinders is calculated (Pots). 7.. The indicated power for the misfired cylinder is the difference between the two readings. Pix = Pe Pout 8. Repeat steps 5, 647 to calculate the indicated power for four cylinders. iat Pi2t Piat Pia 9. Friction power is the difference between the indicated power and the effective power. Scanned with CamScanner ion power of CIE. Objective: This experiment shows how to measure the fri Test Rig: It consists of the following: 1. Diesel engine with generator (constant speed engine). 2. Electric loads to determine the brake power, 3. Constant volume tube and stopwatch to measure fuel flow rate. Procedure: 1. The engine is started with no load condition at constant speed at 1500 rpm. 2. The engine is then loaded by loading generator with various sets of lights bulbs and electric heaters, 3. Engine speed remains constant due to governor. 4. Mass flow rate of fuel is measured after each increase of load on the engine. 5. Draw the mass flow rate of fuel (on Y-axis) with engine load (on X-axis), Draw line pass throw the points of mass flow rate of fuel until it intercept the X-axis and determine the friction power. ME) At N= 1500 rpm F Pr 0.75 Pemex Pe Scanned with CamScanner A a a ah as weed org gh We nein Furl Jb esi 4%, Full ood! 1 wie BY ppt tense Uta gad mining dyne nays AU Gx sgl eats SH fall bod Jt ne ol Sl pie seas Mb te mp tt be Em yt Was EP al deme 4, sell ale ty st oy dy cat Sb UMS dee % 1 ee Tadedel dlesenes 4, Poy eS MN ye me ke de WER ast A Bh 3p SBM oly, SEL aT EN os en Sis Bary Sl iS 4, ols sds DP dl og pine leche elbeienes 4, = oy Le B= 1B eechond theses Peron Broke spectic fuel consumphon 2g DH ak Gave St oJe gf bho I me Yul Set load Se i Ath aay t oes a ie tafe ap Wt) gh the Sou lead AS As JV Lt * can ee mie Feiler Bt GMA Guyot co ae ale de Gl, Scanned with CamScanner Nolumelrce effcccency vs Nat caret. tooel ofa Ee um BNA es sed ull Sk ae Ye op es, Set LN Sut ace ot es, wk ay TOL, Abed ant - tO he tal he Wal oly he ™ N Thdicoli mean pressure ws. Nolumetric elficiency at cor: load Pee se > + Excess ote foc wm AFL RO tre ge» MMOH isa Ie Tndieabl power Re fn = 7, yeu fede y, Liedete cv Cv = const. + = Const. = Cond. at the sane lod 4, = cond. at the sone kod Shee qb HH ch— mips be + Hoon delve presue p= pp tote BON wh tie BN ane P dbs ede p Jl ke © p= ements = T+ aa rs Rav RF Cure 3 si Bape I cure a Scanned with CamScanner “P oT yooe Ts SUN bike power JI Gare ened Tepe I gins an Scanned with CamScanner « Sucion stroke ( Tdoke SIE S. Scavenging is usually done to increase a. Thermal efficiency b. Speed ‘4. Fuel consumption 6. Which of the following medium is compressed in a diesel engine cylinder b. Airand fuel ¢. Airand lubricating oll d. Fuelalone 7. Number of strokes per min for four stroke cycle engines are the speed of the engine in r.p.m a, Equalto b. One-half d. Four-times 8. Number of strokes per min for two stroke cycle engines are the speed of the engine in rpm. a. Equal to b. One-half. © d. Four-times —_—_— Scanned with CamScanner 9. The thermodynamic cycle on which the petrol engine works, is b. Joule cycle © Rankine cycle di. Stirling cycle 10. The thermal efficiency of petrol and gasoline engines is about a. 15% b. 30% c. 50% d. 70% 11. The thermal efficiency of diesel engines is about 3. 15% b. 30% & 50% d. 70% 12. The size of inlet valve of an engine in comparison to exhaust valve is 2. More ‘b. Less c.. Same 4. More / ess depending on capacity of engine 13. A spark plug gap is kept from b. 0.2t00.8mm &. 0.4to0.9mm d. 0.6 to1.0mm 14. When crude oil is heated, then which of the following hydrocarbon is. given off first a. Kerosene . Gasoline Paraffin 15. Which one of the following events would reduce volumetric efficiency of a vertical compression ignition engine? 2._ Inlet valve closing aftr bottom dead centre Inlet valve opening betocetop dead centre 4, Exhaust valve closing aftr top dead centre 16, Which of the following doesn’t relate to a compression Ignition engine? 2. Fuelpump ». Fuelinjector © Governor 17. Which of the following doesn’t relate to a spark ignition engine? 2. Ignition coll b. Sparkplug €. Carburettor Scanned with CamScanner 18. The output of a diesel engine can be increased without increasing the engine revolution or size in following way a. Feeding more fuel b. Heating incoming air Scavenging 22. The pressure at the end of compression in diesel engines, is approximately a 10bar > fers CTE b. 20bar c 2Sbar 23, The pressure at the end of compression in petrol engines, is 24.The method of determination of indicated power of a multi cylinder spark ignition engine is using b. Prony braketest ©. Motoring test d. Heat balance test 25. The air-fuel ratio of the petrol engine is controlled by a. Fuel pump b. Governor c Injector 26. The, engines can work on very lean mixture of fuel. a en r= ¢. Both (a)and (b) d. None of these 27. Iso-octane ( CeHis ) has octane number of 28. Ina four-stroke cycle engine, the sequence of operations is 'b. Suction, expansion, compression, and exhaust . Expansion, compression, suction, and exhaust d. Compression, expansion, suction, and exhaust ——_—_—__— Scanned with CamScanner 29. The actual volume of fresh charge admitted in four-stroke petrol engine Is a. Equal to stroke volume 'b. Equal to stroke volume and clearance volume d. More than stroke volume 30.To prevent knocking in spark ignition engines, the charge away from the \ spark plug should have a. Low density b. Low temperature <_Long ignition detay 31.The inlet valve of a four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine remains open for a 130° b. 180° . 2308 d. 270° 32. In compression ignition engines, swirl denotes a ‘2. Haphazard motion of the gases in the chamber 'b. Rotary motion ofthe gases in the chamber ‘c. Radial motion of the gases in the chamber 4. None of the above 33. Ina four-stroke cycle diesel engine, the compression b. Starts at 40° before top dead centre and ends at 40° after top dead centre ¢. Starts at top dead centre and ends at 40° before bottom dead centre d. May start and end anywhere 34, In a four-stroke cycle petrol engine, the compression e. Starts at 40? after bottom dead centre and ends at 30° before top dead centre {._ Starts at 40° before bottom dead centre and ends at 30° bottom top dead centre g. Starts at top dead centre and ends at top dead centre fh. May start and end anywhere 35. Ina four-stroke cycle diesel engine, the inlet valve 2. Opens at 20° before top dead centre and closes at 40? after bottom dead centre b. Opens at 20° after top dead centre and closes at 20° before bottom dead centre C. Opens at top dead centre and closes at bottom dead centre d, May open and close anywhere 36. In a four-stroke cycle petrol engine, the inlet valve b. Opens at 20° after top dead centre and closes at 20° before bottom dead centre ‘C. Opens at top dead centre and closes at bottom dead centre

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