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Discussion Paper

Name

Institution

Course

Instructor Name

Date
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QUESTION 1

Now that you have learned the

normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
 3

Vertebral column think about

abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
 4

curvatures that exist in the

following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
 5

lordosis - (also, swayback)

excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
 6

the lumbar vertebral column

region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
 7

Now that you have learned the

normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
 8

Vertebral column think about

abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned
dsvdffd

the normal curvatures of the

Vertebral column think about
abnormal
 9

curvatures that exist in the

following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
 10

lordosis - (also, swayback)

excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
 11

the lumbar vertebral column

region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
 12

Now that you have learned the

normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
 13

Vertebral column think about

abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned
vsdvsdfv

the normal curvatures of the

Vertebral column think about
abnormal
 14

curvatures that exist in the

following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
 15

lordosis - (also, swayback)

excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
 16

the lumbar vertebral column

region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
 17

Now that you have learned the

normal curvatures of the
Vertebral column think about
abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Now that you have learned the
fff

normal curvatures of the

 18

Vertebral column think about

abnormal
curvatures that exist in the
following disorders: Lordosis,
Kyphosis, and Scoliosis.
lordosis - (also, swayback)
excessive anterior curvature of
the lumbar vertebral column
region
Kyphosis- (also, hump
Lordosis is characterized by the spine curving inwards at the lower back. It is also known

as swayback (Nalda, 2021).

Kyphosis is characterized by excessive outward curvature the upper back, usually the

curvature is more than 50 degree. It’s also known as humpback (Mark, 2010).

Scoliosis is characterized by abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. It can either be S-

shaped or C-shape.

The following are the vertebra first and the complications resulting:
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Lordosis affects all age groups. It can affects the lumbar vertebrae and sometimes affects

the neck. A person appears swayback and buttocks more notable.

If the spine curve more it results in a lot of pressure on the spine resulting in complications such

a lot of pain and uneasiness which if unchecked can affect mobility.

Kyphosis often affects the thoracic section of the spine. It can occur at birth affecting spine

development (Samanthi, 2016).

The following complications result:

 Posture complications

 Digestive complications

 Breathing complications as pressure is exerted on the lungs.

 Little physical activity as back muscles are weak limiting mobility.

Scoliosis affects the thoracic vertebrae and has the following complications:

 In severe cases, breathing complications occur

 A lot of back pain

 After surgery, there might be a spinal infection

 Chronic pain if the bones undergo wear and tear.

QUESTION 2

The bone fractured is the fibula

The bone that articulate with the fibula are the tibia and talus.
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References

Mark, H. (2010, August 30). Types of spine curvature disorders. WebMD; WebMD.

https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/guide/types-of-spine-curvature-disorders

Samanthi. (2016, June 7). Kyphosis, Scoliosis & Lordosis. 🩺Singapore Sports & Orthopaedic

Surgeon. https://www.orthopaedicsurgeon.com.sg/3-types-of-spine-deformity-kyphosis-

scoliosis-and-lordosis/
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Nalda, T. (2021, June 9). Spinal Curvature Disorders: Lordosis, Kyphosis, & Scoliosis. Scoliosis

Reduction Center. https://www.scoliosisreductioncenter.com/blog/spinal-

curvature#:~:text=So%20while%20lordosis%20and%20kyphosis