CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CÂU GIÁN TIẾP (Indirect sentences)

Câu gián tiếp: Là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần phải dùng đúng hoàn toàn
những từ mà người nói đã sử dụng.

1. CÁC LOẠI CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

1. Câu gián tiếp ở dạng câu kể S + say(s)/ said + (that) + S + V

Ví dụ:
He said to me: “I am tired.” (Anh ta nói với tôi: “Tôi mệt”)
→ He told me that he was tired. (Anh ta nói với tôi rằng anh ta mệt.)

2. Câu gián tiếp ở dạng câu hỏi

Yes/ No questions:
S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/ whether + S + V
Ví dụ:
“Are you hungry?”, he asked. (“Bạn đói không?”, anh ta hỏi.)
→ He asked if/whether I was hungry. (Anh ta hỏi là tôi có đói hay không.)
Wh-questions:
S + asked (+O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh-words + S + V
Ví dụ:
“What are you talking about?”, said the teacher.
(Cô giáo hỏi: “Các em đang nói về điều gì?)
The teacher asked us what we were talking about.
(Cô giáo hỏi xem chúng tôi đang nói về điều gì.)
3. Câu gián tiếp ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh
Khẳng định: S + told + O + to-V Phủ định: S + told + O + not to-V
Ví dụ:
“Please wait for me here, Tom said to Mary. (“Hãy đợi anh ở đây” nhé, Tom nói với Mary.) Tom
told Mary to wait for him there.
(Tom nói với Mary hãy đợi anh ta ở đó.)

2. CÁCH CHUYẾN CÂU TRỤC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIÉP

• Nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở các thì hiện tại, ta giữ nguyên thì của động từ chính, đại
từ chỉ định, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang gián
tiếp.
Ví dụ:
• He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week.” He says he is going to Ha Noi next week.
• Nếu động từ tường thuật của câu ở thì quá khứ thì ta phải lùi động từ chính về quá
khứ một bậc và thay đổi một số từ trong câu theo quy tắc:
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
Các thì (tenses) Hiện tại đơn Quá khứ đơn
Hiện tại tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Hiện tại hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ hoàn thành
 Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn / Quá khứ hoàn thành
tiếp diễn

Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành

Tương lai đơn Tương lai trong quá khứ
Tương lai gần (is/am/are + going to + Was/were + going to + V
V)
Động từ khuyết thiếu Can May Could Might
(modal verbs) Must Must/Had to

Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn This That These That That Those
(Adverb of place) Here There

Trạng từ chỉ thời gian Now Today Yesterday Tomorrow Then That day
(Adverb of time) Ago The day before/the previous day
Thisweek The day after/the next (following) day
Last week Nextweek Before
That week
The week before/ the previous week
The week after/ the following week

Chủ ngữ/ tân ngữ I/ me We/ our She, he/ Her, him They/ them
(Subject/Object) You I, we/ me, us

LUYỆN TẬP (20)

1. John asked the teacher in Spanish.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
2. He said he at the Daewoo Hotel.
A.is staying B.has stayed C.was staying D. will stay
3. She asked me I liked country music.
A.if B.whether C. that D.A& B
4. The students asked if I was going to give them the tests
A. thenextday B. next day
C. day next D. the day next
5. Joe asked me how long I a teacher of Chemistry at that school.
A. the next day B. next day
C. day next D. the day next
6. He asked me with whom I French.
A.studied B. study
C.am studying D. have studied
7. John asked me fond of any kind of sports.
A. if I am B. if I was C. if was I D. if I were
8. “How are you?” he asked.
A. He asked me how are you. B. He asked me how I am
C. He asked me how was I. D. He asked me how I was.
9. Joe said to Adele: “Where are you going?”
1. Joe asked Adele where was she going.
2. Joe asked Adele where she was going.
3. Joe asked Adele where is she going.
4. Joe asked Adele where she is going.
10. “Go home,” said the teacher to the kids.
1. The teacher told the kids to go home.
2. The teacher said the kids to go home.
3. The teacher told the kids go home.
4. The teacher told to the kids to go home.
11. “I didn’t meet Susan last week”, he said.
1. He said he didn’t meet Susan the week before.
2. He said he hasn’t met Susan last week.
3. He said he hadn’t met Susan last week.
4. He said he hadn’t met Susan the week before.
12. “We are ready to start a new project”, they said to us.
1. They told us they are ready to start a new project.
2. They told us they will ready to start a new project.
3. They told us we were ready to start a new project.
4. They told us they were ready to start a new project.
13. “I have finished the test”, Orla said to me.
1. She told me she has finished the test.
2. She told me she finished the test.
3. She told me she had finished the test.
4. She told me she has been finished the test.
14. “Please bring me some chicken soup,” he said to the waitress.
1. He asked the waitress bring him some chicken soup.
2. He asked the waitress to bring her some chicken soup.
3. He asked the waitress to bring him some chicken soup.
4. He asked the waitress bring her some chicken soup.
15. “Don’t shout”, she said to me.
A. She told me don’t shout. B. She told to me not to shout.
C. She told me not to shout. D. She said to me don’t shout.
16. “I wrote to a friend yesterday”, she said.
1. She told me she had written to her friend the day before.
2. She said to me I wrote to a friend the day before.
V. She told me she had written to a friend yesterday.
D. She told me she wrote to a friend yesterday.
17. “Can you lend me some money?”, he asked me.
1. He asked me can you lend him some money.
2. He asked me could you lend him some money.
3. He asked me if I can lend him some money.
4. He asked me if I could lend him some money.
18. Charlie said, “I’ll see you tomorrow”.
1. Charlie said he’ll see me tomorrow.
2. Charlie said he would see me tomorrow.
3. Charlie said he would see me the next day.
4. Charlie said he’ll see me the next day.
19. They said, “Your father is in the office”.
1. They said that my father is in the office.
2. They said that his father was in the office.
3. They said that his father is in the office.
4. They said that my father was in the office.
20. “Can you open the door for me, Patrick?” Donna asked.
1. Donna asked to open the door for her, Patrick.
2. Donna asked Patrick to open the door for her.
3. Donna asked Patrick open the door for her.
4. Donna asked Patrick to open the door for me.