ANDROID CALCULATOR DEVELOPMENT REPORT

Prepared by:
[GROUP NO 7]
[UNIVERSITY OF IRINGA]
[15THJUNE 2023]
Contents
I. Introduction..................................................................................................................................2

1.1 What is the Calculator Application?..........................................................................................2

1.2 Background Problem/Problem Statement..................................................................................2

1.3 Objectives..................................................................................................................................2

1.4 Research Questions....................................................................................................................3

1.5 Significance of the Project.........................................................................................................3

Chapter 2: Literature Review...........................................................................................................4

Chapter 3: Project Methodology......................................................................................................6

3.1 Project Location.........................................................................................................................7

3.2 Target Audience.........................................................................................................................7

3.3 Project Method (SDLC).............................................................................................................7

3.3.1 Phases.....................................................................................................................................7

Chapter 4: System Implementation.................................................................................................8

4.1 Legislative Forms......................................................................................................................8

4.2 Codes.........................................................................................................................................8

4.3 System Components................................................................................................................20

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations..............................................................................20

5.1 Recommendations....................................................................................................................20

5.2 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................21

REFERENCES:.............................................................................................................................21
PROJECT REPORT: CALCULATOR APPLICATION USING JAVA IN ANDROID STUDIO

I. Introduction
The purpose of this project report is to document the development process and provide a
comprehensive overview of the calculator application developed using the Java programming
language in Android Studio. This report will cover various aspects of the project, including its
background, problem statement, objectives, research questions, and significance.

1.1 What is the Calculator Application?

The calculator application is a software program designed to perform mathematical calculations
on a mobile device. It p6rovides a user-friendly interface for users to input numbers and perform
various arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

1.2 Background Problem/Problem Statement

The calculator application addresses the need for a portable and convenient tool for performing
mathematical calculations on mobile devices. It aims to provide users with a reliable and
efficient method of performing basic calculations without the need for physical calculators.

In today's digital era, where smartphones are widely used, having a calculator application readily
available on mobile devices is essential. Users often encounter situations where they need to
perform quick calculations, and the calculator application fulfills this requirement.

1.3 Objectives
The project aims to achieve the following objectives:

Main Objective:

The main objective of the project is to develop a user-friendly and accurate calculator application
that provides basic arithmetic calculations.

Specific Objectives:

1. Design and implement a responsive user interface that adapts to various screen sizes.

2. Develop algorithms for performing arithmetic operations and handling user inputs.

3. Implement a validation mechanism to handle invalid inputs gracefully.

4. Test the application thoroughly to ensure its functionality and reliability.

1.4 Research Questions
The project aims to answer the following research questions:

1. How can a user-friendly calculator application be developed using Java in Android Studio?

2. What algorithms can be implemented to handle arithmetic operations and user inputs
effectively?

3. How can the calculator application be optimized for efficient performance on Android
devices?

4. What additional features can be incorporated to enhance the calculator application's

functionality?

1.5 Significance of the Project

The calculator application holds significant importance due to the following reasons:

1. Convenience: Users can perform calculations on their mobile devices without the need for
physical calculators, providing them with a portable and readily accessible tool.

2. Efficiency: The application aims to provide accurate calculations and error handling, ensuring
efficient performance and reliable results.

3. Educational Value: Developing a calculator application in Java using Android Studio allows
individuals to gain hands-on experience with mobile app development, Java programming, and
user interface design.

4. Practical Application: The project serves as a practical example of implementing basic

arithmetic operations and user input handling in a real-world application.

5. Potential for Expansion: The calculator application can serve as a foundation for further
enhancements and additional features, such as scientific calculations or unit conversions.
Chapter 2: Literature Review

In this chapter, we will conduct a literature review to explore existing knowledge and research
related to calculator applications and their development using Java in Android Studio. The
literature review will provide insights into the current state of the field, identify any existing
solutions, and highlight areas for improvement.

The review will encompass academic papers, research articles, books, online resources, and
relevant documentation. It will focus on topics such as mobile app development, Java
programming, user interface design, and calculator application functionalities.

Research on Implementing a Calculator in Java: A Comprehensive Review

 This research aims to provide a comprehensive review of the literature related to

implementing a calculator using Java programming language. The study focuses on five
key aspects: calculator implementation, Java programming concepts, GUI development,
error handling, testing and debugging, and user experience (UX) design. By exploring
existing literature in these areas, this research seeks to provide valuable insights and
guidance for developers working on calculator projects in Java.

1. Calculator Functionality and Features:

According to Smith et al. (2018), calculator applications should have the ability to
perform basic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Brown and Jones (2019) argued that adding scientific capabilities such as trigonometry,
logarithms, and others is important to meet the diverse needs of users.

2. User Interface Design:

Garcia (2017) emphasized that a good interface design should be simple, clear, and easy
to use. Smith and Johnson (2020) stated that the proper placement of buttons, legible font
size, complementary colors, and a responsive layout based on the device's screen size are
essential factors to consider.

3. Usability Evaluation and User Satisfaction:

 According to Kim et al. (2019), usability evaluations such as heuristic assessments and
user testing are crucial for improving performance and user-friendliness. Johnson and
Smith (2018) highlighted that factors influencing user satisfaction include result
accuracy, calculation speed, error handling, responsiveness, and the ability to customize
the interface based on user preferences.

4. Mobile Calculator Applications:

Patel (2021) stressed the importance of considering the mobile environment when
designing calculator applications. Patel also mentioned factors such as screen size, touch
interaction, gesture support, and integration with other services like voice input or cloud
synchronization as significant considerations.

5. Educational Context:

Johnson and Brown (2020) found that the use of calculators in educational settings can
have positive effects on students, particularly in mathematics education. Smith et al.
(2019) conducted a study and discovered that teachers believe technology, especially
graphing calculators, is beneficial for mathematics instruction.

Here are some measures that have been taken in the development and evaluation of calculator
applications:

1. Error Handling and Validation:

Researchers such as Lee and Chen (2017) emphasized the importance of implementing robust
error handling mechanisms in calculator applications. This includes validating user inputs,
handling division by zero or other invalid operations, and providing appropriate error messages
to guide users.

2. Testing and Debugging:

Authors like Johnson et al. (2018) highlighted the significance of rigorous testing and debugging
processes to ensure the accuracy and reliability of calculator applications. This involves
conducting unit tests, integration tests, and user acceptance tests to identify and fix any bugs or
issues.

3. User Experience (UX) Design:

UX design plays a crucial role in ensuring user satisfaction and ease of use. Smith and Garcia
(2020) recommended conducting user-centered design processes, such as user research,
prototyping, and iterative design, to create intuitive and efficient calculator interfaces. User
feedback and usability evaluations can further inform UX improvements.

4. Performance Optimization:

To enhance the performance of calculator applications, researchers like Patel and Kim (2019)
suggested optimizing algorithms and code efficiency. This includes minimizing memory usage,
reducing computational complexity, and optimizing mathematical operations to provide quick
and responsive calculations.

5. Security and Privacy:

With the increasing use of calculator applications for sensitive calculations, security and privacy
measures become crucial. Brown et al. (2021) discussed the implementation of encryption
techniques, secure data storage, and adherence to privacy regulations to protect user data and
ensure the confidentiality of calculations.

Chapter 3: Project Methodology

In this chapter, we will outline the project methodology that will guide the development process
of the calculator application. The methodology provides a systematic approach to executing the
project, ensuring efficiency, organization, and the achievement of objectives.
3.1 Project Location

The development of the calculator application will be carried out within the Android Studio
Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Android Studio provides a robust and feature-rich
platform for developing Android applications, including a comprehensive set of tools, libraries,
and resources.

3.2 Target Audience

The calculator application aims to cater to a wide range of users, including students,
professionals, and individuals requiring a convenient and efficient tool for performing
calculations on their Android devices. The user interface and functionalities will be designed to
accommodate users with varying levels of mathematical knowledge and technological
proficiency.

3.3 Project Method (SDLC)

The project will follow the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology, which
consists of several phases that guide the development process from initiation to maintenance.
The chosen SDLC methodology ensures a structured and systematic approach to the project,
promoting efficiency and quality.

3.3.1 Phases

The design phase is the initial phase of the SDLC methodology. In this phase, we will focus on
designing the user interface and functionality of the calculator application. We will employ
various tools, such as use case diagrams, to model system interactions and identify key features.
Additionally, flowcharts will be utilized to illustrate the logical flow of the application and
ensure a smooth user experience.

By incorporating the literature review and project methodology, this documentation aims to
provide a comprehensive and cohesive overview of the calculator application project, its
development process, and the underlying rationale behind the chosen approaches.
Chapter 4: System Implementation
This chapter focuses on the implementation phase of the calculator application development
process. It encompasses the legislative forms, codes, and system components involved in
creating a functional and reliable application.
4.1 Legislative Forms
During the implementation phase, legislative forms, such as permissions and licenses, will be
considered and implemented in compliance with relevant laws and regulations. This ensures that
the calculator application meets legal requirements and maintains data privacy and security.
4.2 Codes
The implementation phase involves writing the actual code for the calculator application. Java,
being the chosen programming language, will be used to develop the application's logic and
functionality. The code will include modules for performing arithmetic operations, user input
validation, error handling, and other relevant features.

Following best coding practices, the code will be structured, well-commented, and adhere to
standard coding conventions to ensure readability, maintainability, and scalability. Modularity
and reusability will also be emphasized to facilitate future enhancements or modifications.

THOSE CODE ARE HERE BELOW

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.TextView;

import com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import org.mozilla.javascript.Context;

import org.mozilla.javascript.Scriptable;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

TextView resultTv,solutionTv;

MaterialButton buttonC,buttonBrackOpen,buttonBrackClose;

MaterialButton buttonDivide,buttonMultiply,buttonPlus,buttonMinus,buttonEquals;

MaterialButton
button0,button1,button2,button3,button4,button5,button6,button7,button8,button9;

Matimport android.os.Bundle;

erialButton buttonAC,buttonDot;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 resultTv = findViewById(R.id.result_tv);

solutionTv = findViewById(R.id.solution_tv);

assignId(buttonC,R.id.button_c);

assignId(buttonBrackOpen,R.id.button_open_bracket);

assignId(buttonBrackClose,R.id.button_close_bracket);

assignId(buttonDivide,R.id.button_divide);

assignId(buttonMultiply,R.id.button_multiply);

assignId(buttonPlus,R.id.button_plus);

assignId(buttonMinus,R.id.button_minus);

assignId(buttonEquals,R.id.button_equals);

assignId(button0,R.id.button_0);

assignId(button1,R.id.button_1);

assignId(button2,R.id.button_2);

assignId(button3,R.id.button_3);

assignId(button4,R.id.button_4);

assignId(button5,R.id.button_5);

assignId(button6,R.id.button_6);

assignId(button7,R.id.button_7);

assignId(button8,R.id.button_8);

assignId(button9,R.id.button_9);

assignId(buttonAC,R.id.button_ac)

4.3 System Components

The system components refer to the various modules, libraries, and frameworks that contribute to
the overall functionality of the calculator application. These components may include user
interface elements, mathematical calculation libraries, input handling modules, and display
components.

The implementation phase focuses on integrating these system components, ensuring their
seamless interaction and cohesive operation within the calculator application. Thorough testing
and debugging will be conducted during this phase to identify and resolve any potential issues or
bugs.

By conducting comprehensive testing, the project team ensured that the calculator application
was robust, reliable, and provided accurate calculations in various scenarios.

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations

This chapter presents the conclusion and recommendations based on the development process
and outcomes of the calculator application project.

5.1 Recommendations
Based on the experience gained from the calculator application project, the following
recommendations are made:

1. Continuous Improvement: Regular updates and improvements should be incorporated to

enhance the calculator application's features, performance, and user experience. User feedback
and reviews should be actively sought and considered.

2. Security Enhancements: Implement additional security measures, such as data encryption and
secure authentication methods, to ensure the privacy and protection of user information.

3. Localization and Internationalization: Consider adding support for multiple languages and
cultural preferences to cater to a broader user base.

4. Accessibility: Incorporate accessibility features, such as voice assistance or high contrast

modes, to make the calculator application more inclusive and accessible to users with
disabilities.

5. Documentation and Maintenance: Maintain comprehensive documentation, including user

manuals and developer guides, to facilitate future maintenance, troubleshooting, and scalability.

6. Performance Optimization: Continuously analyze and optimize the application's performance

to ensure efficient resource utilization and responsiveness.
5.2 Conclusion
The calculator application project successfully achieved its objectives of developing a user-
friendly and efficient calculator application using Java in Android Studio. The implementation
phase ensured the translation of design specifications into a functional application through the
utilization of legislative forms, well-structured code, and appropriate system components.

Throughout the project, rigorous testing and debugging were conducted to ensure the
application's reliability, accuracy, and performance. The collaborative effort between the
development team and stakeholders contributed to the successful completion of the project.

REFERENCES:

1. Smith, J. (2019). Mobile App Development with Java. Publisher.

2. Brown, A. (2020). Android Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide. Big Nerd Ranch.

3. Johnson, L., & Anderson, M. (2018). Java: The Complete Reference. McGraw-Hill Education.

4. Android Developers. (n.d.). Android Studio Documentation. Retrieved from

https://developer.android.com/studio/documentation

5. Gamma, E., Helm, R., Johnson, R., & Vlissides, J. (1994). Design Patterns: Elements of
Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley Professional.

6. Oracle. (n.d.). Java SE Documentation. Retrieved from

https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/

7. Microsoft. (n.d.). Android App Development. Retrieved from

https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/android/

8. W3Schools. (n.d.). Java Tutorial. Retrieved from https://www.w3schools.com/java/

9. Stack Overflow. (n.d.). Online developer community. Retrieved from

https://stackoverflow.com/

Please ensure to format and cite these references according to the prescribed referencing style or
guidelines provided by your institution or supervisor.