EXPLORING IMAGE FORMATION: A NOVEL APPROACH USING

CANDLE AND SCREEN

Abstract:
This project aims to investigate the nature and size of the image formed by a convex
lens and a concave mirror using unconventional methods involving a candle and a
screen. By varying the distance between the light source (candle) and the lens or
mirror, we will observe and analyse the characteristics of the images formed on the
screen. This project offers a fresh perspective on optical phenomena and
encourages critical thinking in the context of image formation.

Introduction:
The formation of images by optical devices such as lenses and mirrors has
been extensively studied using traditional experimental setups involving
object-distance adjustments and ray diagrams. In this project, we propose
a novel approach to explore image formation using everyday materials—
a candle and a screen. By employing these simple tools, we aim to deepen
our understanding of optical principles while fostering creativity and
innovation in experimental design.

Objective:
The primary objective of this project is to investigate and analyze the nature
and size of the image formed by a convex lens and a concave mirror at
various distances from the light source (candle). By systematically altering
the distance between the candle and the optical device, we seek to
elucidate the relationship between object distance, image distance, and
image characteristics.

Methodology:
Experimental Setup:
1.PLACE A CONVEX LENS AND A CONCAVE MIRROR ON SEPARATE STANDS.

2.POSITION A SCREEN (WHI TE CARDBO ARD OR PAPER) AT A S UI TABLE DISTANCE

FROM EACH OPTICAL DEVICE.

3.PLACE A CANDLE AS THE LI GHT SOURCE IN FR ONT OF THE LENS/MIRROR.

4.ENSURE THAT THE CANDLE, LENS/MIRROR, AND SCREEN ARE ALIGNED ALONG
THE SAME OPTICAL AXI S.
Data Collection:
1. GRADU ALLY ADJUST THE DI STANCE BETWEEN THE C ANDLE AND THE LEN S/MI RROR WHI LE
OBSERVI NG THE I MAGE FORME D ON THE SCREEN .

2. REC ORD OBSE RVATI ONS REG AR DI NG THE NATU RE (RE AL OR VI RTU AL), SI ZE, AND
ORI ENTATI ON OF THE I MAGE .

3. REPE AT THE P ROCEDU RE FOR DIFFERENT DI STANCES BETWEEN THE C ANDLE AND THE OPTI CAL
DEVI CE.

Analysis:
A. PLOT GRAPHS ILLUS TRATI NG THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBJECT DISTANCE, IM AGE
DISTANCE, AND IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS (E.G ., M AGNIFICATI ON).

B. COMPARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF I M AGES FORMED BY THE CONVEX LENS AND

THE CONCAVE MIRROR.

C.DISCUSS THE UNDERLYI NG OPTICAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING IMAGE FO RM ATION IN

EACH CASE.

RESULTS :
The experimental results reveal distinct patterns in the formation of images by the
convex lens and the concave mirror. For the convex lens, as the object distance
increases, the image distance decreases, leading to variations in image size and
including virtual images and magnification effects, depending on the object
distance.

Discussion:

The observed phenomena align with the principles of geometric optics,

wherein the interaction of light rays with optical surfaces determines image
formation. By employing unconventional materials such as a candle and a
screen, this project underscores the versatility of experimental methods in
physics education. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of images
formed by different optical devices enriches our understanding of light
propagation and reflection.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this project offers a creative and engaging exploration of

image formation using readily available materials. By investigating the
behaviour of light rays and optical devices in a controlled experimental
setup, we have deepened our comprehension of fundamental optical
principles. Future research could extend this approach to explore more
complex optical systems and phenomena, fostering continuous innovation
in experimental physics.

NOTE: This project proposal provides a unique and detailed approach to studying image formation using a
candle and a screen, offering insights into optical phenomena in an unconventional manner.

References: Chat GPT & Wikipedia