BUILDING MATERIALS

BRICKS
 BUILDING MATERIALS

BRICKS
BRICKS
• Building unit to make walls & other elements in masonry
construction.
• They are artificially moulded clay blocks of uniform size and
shape.
• Good clay for making bricks – Weathered clay.
• Bricks are laid in a systematic manner and are bonded
together using mortar.
• Its is cheaper when compared to stone masonry.
BRICKS (IS: 1077 – 1992)
• IS Code for Common burnt clay building bricks - IS: 1077 – 1992
SIZE OF BRICK
 TYPES OF BRICKS

Standard bricks/Modular bricks Traditional bricks/ Non Modular bricks

Nominal size: 20 x 10 x 10 (cm) Not standard in size, commonly adopted size
Standard/ Modular size: 19 x 9 x 9 (cm) 23 x 11.4 x 7.6 (cm)
The size of modular bricks, is
A. 20 x 10 x 10 cm
B. 19 x 9 x 19 mm
C. 20 x 10 x 10 mm
D. 190 x 90 x 190 mm
The size of modular bricks, is
A. 20 x 10 x 10 cm
B. 19 x 9 x 19 mm
C. 20 x 10 x 10 mm
D. 190 x 90 x 190 mm
• Brick is a cuboid
• Weight of a brick is 3-3.5 kg
• Minimum compressive strength as per IS Code : 3.5N/mm2
• Unit Weight of brick : 18 kN /m³
• Unit Weight of brick masonry : 20 kN /m³
• Specific gravity: 1.8 – 2
The weight of 1m3 of brick earth, is about
A. 1800kN
B. 1200kN
C. 1500kN
D. 2000kN
The weight of 1m3 of brick earth, is about
A. 1800kN
B. 1200kN
C. 1500kN
D. 2000kN
HOW MANY BRICKS IN
3
1 CUBIC METER (M ) ?
Calculation for No: of Bricks
Size of Brick= 19*9*9 (cms)
Size of Brick with Mortar= 20*10*10 (cms)
Volume of Brick with Mortar= L*B*H
= 20*10*10 (cm3)
= 2000 cm3.
Volume of 1 m3 =1m*1m*1m
= 100*100*100 (cms) =1000000 cm3
No: of Bricks = (Volume of 1 m3)/(Volume of 1 Brick)
= 1000000/2000 = 500 Nos.
How many bricks are there in 3
2m ?
500 × 2 = 1000 bricks
GOOD INGREDIENTS OF BRICK EARTH

S
A
L
I
M
GOOD INGREDIENTS OF BRICK EARTH

1. SILICA (50 – 60% ):

• Major Ingredient
• Prevents shrinkage, warping and
cracking.
• Gives uniform shape
• Durability depends on it.
• Excess silica -Reduces cohesion between
the particles and brick becomes brittle.
GOOD INGREDIENTS OF BRICK EARTH

2. ALUMINA (20 -30 %)

• Chief / Main Ingredient
• Provides plasticity while moulding.
• Excess amount can cause shrinkage and
warping
GOOD INGREDIENTS OF BRICK EARTH

3. LIME ( <5 %)
• Should not exceed 5%
• Binding material
• Helps silica to fuse (as a flux)
• Excess lime melts the brick
GOOD INGREDIENTS OF BRICK EARTH

4. IRON OXIDE ( 5 - 6 %)
• Impart red color to the brick
• Excess –Dark Blue / Blackish color
• Deficient-Yellow color
GOOD INGREDIENTS OF BRICK EARTH

5. MAGNESIA ( 1 - 2 %)
• Provide yellowish color
• Prevents shrinkage
• Excess will cause decaying of bricks.
HARMFUL INGREDIENTS OF BRICK

1. Lime: Shape loss

2. Iron pyrites (fool’s gold) : crystallisation and
disintegration
3. Alkali : causes efflorescence
4. Pebbles: makes brick porous
5. Vegetation : organic matter make brick porous
Alkalies will absorb moisture from the atmosphere, which when gets
evaporated leaves grey or white deposits on the wall surface. This is
known as Efflorescence
If the grey or white spot is ≤ 10% -Slight efflorescence
If the grey or white spot is ≤ 50% -Moderate efflorescence
If the grey or white spot is >50% -Severe efflorescence
Which of the following ingredients show efflorescence?

a. Alkalies

b. Lime

c. Pebbles

d. All the above

Which of the following ingredients show efflorescence?

a. Alkalies

b. Lime

c. Pebbles

d. All the above

Which of the following ingredients show efflorescence?

a. Alkalies

b. Gypsum

c. Pyrites

d. All the above

Which of the following ingredients show efflorescence?

a. Alkalies

b. Gypsum

c. Pyrites

d. All the above