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Test Item File to accompany Abnormal Psychology: Perspectives, 6e
Chapter 06: Dissociative Disorder and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Chapter 06 Multiple Choice Questions
1. Dissociative disorders and some of the somatic symptom disorders were once viewed as expressions of ___ ,
which denoted a symptom pattern of emotional excitability and physical symptoms without medical cause, and
which was felt to be caused by a ____.
A) neurosis; suppression of psychic stress
B) neurosis; repression of traumatic memories
C) brain degeneration; an over-excitable brain and nervous system
D) hysteria; repression of traumatic memories
E) hysteria; wandering uterus
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-01
Page-Reference: 129
Skill: Factual
Answer: E) hysteria; wandering uterus
2. In earlier editions of the DSM, dissociative and somatic symptom and related disorders were categorized as
A) psychoses.
B) depressive disorders.
C) somatic symptom disorder.
D) neuroses.
E) physical disorders.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-02
Page-Reference: 130
Skill: Factual
Answer: D) neuroses.
3. At present, dissociative disorders are characterized by

A) flat affect.
B) severe brain damage.
C) delusions and hallucinations.
D) maladaptive alterations of identity, memory, and consciousness.
E) poor concentration.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-03
Page-Reference: 130
Skill: Factual
Answer: D) maladaptive alterations of identity, memory, and consciousness.
4. Heather has suddenly left home and has lost all memory of herself and her past life. She is most likely
suffering from
A) repression.
B) depersonalization/derealization disorder.
C) dissociative amnesia.
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Canada Inc.

6-1
D) dissociative amnesia with fugue.

E) dissociative identity disorder.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-04
Page-Reference: 130
Skill: Application
Answer: D) dissociative amnesia with fugue.
5. A disorder in which people are induced by therapists to remember events that have never occurred is referred
to as
A) iatrogenic memory syndrome.
B) trauma-repression syndrome.
C) creative recall syndrome.
D) false memory syndrome.
E) distorted memory syndrome.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-05
Page-Reference: 131
Skill: Factual
Answer: D) false memory syndrome.
6. The dissociative disorders have a high degree of comorbidity

A) with physical complaints that clearly don't have a medical cause.
B) with types of delirium, dementias and amnestic disorders.
C) with anxiety, mood and personality disorders.
D) in terms of severe maladaptive disruptions or alternations of identity, memory and consciousness that are experienced
as being beyond one's control.
E) in terms of physical symptoms suggestive of medical illness, but no organic basis can be found to account for them.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-06
Page-Reference: 132
Skill: Factual, Application
Answer: C) with anxiety, mood and personality disorders.
7. Approximately _______ of the general population have some type of dissociative disorder whereas _______ of
psychiatric patients do.
A) 0.5%; 1.5 to 3%
B) 1.5%; 3 to 6%
C) 3%; 5 to 11%
D) 6%; 10 to 16%
E) 9.1%; 15 to 21 %
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-07
Page-Reference: 132
Skill: Factual
Answer: E) 9.1%; 15 to 21 %

6-2
8. Leanne experiences the sudden feeling of being detached from herself. The term best suited to describe her
experience is
A) depersonalization/derealization disorder.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) dissociative amnesia with fugue.
D) dissociative amnesia.
E) repression.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-08
Page-Reference: 132
Skill: Application
Answer: A) depersonalization/derealization disorder.
9. Two forms of amnesia are ___________ amnesia, in which an individual forgets his or her entire life history,
and ___________ amnesia, in which a person can remember nothing following a certain point in time.
A) localized; continuous
B) localized; generalized
C) systematized; selective
D) generalized; localized
E) generalized; continuous
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-09
Page-Reference: 132
Skill: Factual
Answer: E) generalized; continuous
10. Which of the following is NOT among the five patterns of memory loss described in the DSM-5?
A) localized
B) regressive
C) generalized
D) selective
E) continuous
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-10
Page-Reference: 132
Skill: Factual
Answer: B) regressive
11. Which of the following matches is incorrect?

A) dissociative amnesia: inability to recall important personal information
B) depersonalization/derealization disorder: presence of two or more personalities
C) dissociative identity disorder: presence of two or more personalities
D) dissociative amnesia with fugue: sudden, unexpected flight from home
E) depersonalization/derealization disorder: feeling of being detached from oneself
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-11

6-3
Page-Reference: 132
Skill: Factual
Answer: B) depersonalization/derealization disorder: presence of two or more personalities
12. Which of the following matches is incorrect?

A) continuous amnesia: failure to recall information from a specific date until the present
B) selective amnesia: failure to recall only certain categories of information
C) localized amnesia: failure to recall information from a specific time period
D) generalized amnesia: failure to recall anything in one's lifetime
E) systematized amnesia: failure to recall certain categories of information
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-12
Page-Reference: 132
Skill: Factual
Answer: B) selective amnesia: failure to recall only certain categories of information
13. Dissociative amnesia with fugue is a loss of memory with the added dimension of
A) mania.
B) substance abuse.
C) psychosis.
D) physical flight.
E) depression.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-13
Page-Reference: 132
Skill: Factual
Answer: D) physical flight.
14. Feelings of depersonalization/derealization are quite common in young adults, and they are only considered
pathological when
A) they occur at least 5 times a week.
B) they occur in conjunction with substance use.
C) they occur in conjunction with depersonalization/derealization disorder.
D) they occur in conjunction with feelings of anxiety or depression.
E) they are persistent and personally distressing.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-14
Page-Reference: 132
Skill: Factual
Answer: E) they are persistent and personally distressing.
15. Wendy feels as though she is outside of her body, observing her own behaviour. This experience is a
symptom of
A) dissociative amnesia with fugue.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) dissociative amnesia.
D) repressed memory.

6-4
E) derealization/depersonalization.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-15
Page-Reference: 133
Skill: Factual
Answer: E) derealization/depersonalization.
16. Which of the following is NOT true of depersonalization disorder?

A) People with this disorder often describe themselves as feeling like a robot that is able to respond to those nearby but
without feeling connected to their actions.
B) It is characterized by a feeling of detachment from oneself or one's surroundings.
C) It typically is not associated with depression or anxiety; indeed, patients often display an indifference to their symptoms
(la belle indifference).
D) It is highly related to a history of trauma, particularly emotional abuse.
E) A diagnosis of this disorder is usually made in adolescence and tends to be chronic in course.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-16
Page-Reference: 133
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: C) It typically is not associated with depression or anxiety; indeed, patients often display an indifference to their
symptoms (la belle indifference).
17. Depersonalization/derealization disorder differs from the other dissociative disorders, in that
A) there are no symptoms of memory impairment or identity confusion.
B) there does not appear to be any sort of dissociative process going on.
C) only with this disorder is there a loss of awareness of one's central and knowing self.
D) there are reduced symptoms or no symptoms of a feeling of depersonalization/ derealization.
E) it alone is associated with history of trauma, particularly emotional abuse.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-17
Page-Reference: 133
Skill: Factual
Answer: A) there are no symptoms of memory impairment or identity confusion.
18. With regard to brain correlates of depersonalization/derealization, the textbook cites research that suggests
____ play(s) a role.
A) perceptual pathways
B) temporal lobe epilepsy
C) circuits involved in awareness and working memory
D) processing functions
E) circuits responsible for adaptive integration of emotional learning with decision- making
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-18
Page-Reference: 133
Skill: Factual
Answer: A) perceptual pathways

6-5
19. __________ is the DSM-5 label for the disorder in which certain aspects of a person's identity become
detached or dissociated; it was formerly known as ______.
A) Multiple personality disorder; dissociative identity disorder
B) Dissociative identity disorder; split personality disorder
C) Dissociative identity disorder; multiple personality disorder
D) Split personality disorder; multiple personality disorder
E) Multiple personality disorder; split personality disorder
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-19
Page-Reference: 133
Skill: Factual
Answer: C) Dissociative identity disorder; multiple personality disorder
20. The different unique personalities in an individual diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder are often
referred to as
A) alternates.
B) others.
C) egos.
D) splits.
E) alters.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-20
Page-Reference: 133
Skill: Factual
Answer: E) alters.
21. Which of the following is TRUE of dissociative identity disorder?

A) Alters may have different eyeglass prescriptions and allergies.
B) For a diagnosis there must be at least 4 alters that control the person's behaviour.
C) Alters typically share the same memories and have similar histories and mannerisms.
D) The various personalities always claim to be of the same gender.
E) The host is never aware of the various alters.
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-21
Page-Reference: 133
Skill: Factual
Answer: A) Alters may have different eyeglass prescriptions and allergies.
22. Which of the following is true of the transition from one alter to another?
A) It is often called the "transfer".
B) It cannot be artificially precipitated, such as through hypnotic suggestion.
C) It is often precipitated by stress or other identifiable cues in the environment.
D) It happens gradually, with the dominant alter fading and the new one growing stronger.
E) It is always obvious when a transition between alters has occurred.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-22

6-6
Page-Reference: 133
Skill: Factual
Answer: C) It is often precipitated by stress or other identifiable cues in the environment.
23. Relative to previous editions of the DSM, the diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 dissociative identity disorder are:
A) are far more restrictive.
B) are far more wordy.
C) more strongly grounded in psychodynamic theory.
D) more strongly grounded in attachment theory.
E) more flexible and emphasize less dramatic presentations of the disorder.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-23
Page-Reference: 134
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: E) more flexible and emphasize less dramatic presentations of the disorder.
24. Which of the following is true regarding patterns of DID diagnosis over time?
A) Prior to 1980, DID was second only to depression in terms of prevalence.
B) Prior to 1980, only about 200 cases were documented in the entire world.
C) Prior to 1980, DID was the 5th most diagnosed disorder.
D) Since DSM-5, there has been a dramatic, unexplained increase in DID diagnoses.
E) The prevalence of DID diagnoses has not changed over the last 50 years.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-24
Page-Reference: 134
Skill: Factual
Answer: B) Prior to 1980, only about 200 cases were documented in the entire world.
25. Which of the following is true regarding the trauma model of dissociative disorders?
A) This model was very popular but is no longer accepted.
B) According to the model, dissociative disorders develop secondary to severe trauma in adulthood.
C) The model posits that people are most likely to develop dissociative disorders after a motor vehicle accident.
D) The model proposes that people who are high in agreeableness are susceptible to dissociation.
E) According to the model, high hypnotizability is a risk factor for dissociative disorders.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-25
Page-Reference: 134
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: E) According to the model, high hypnotizability is a risk factor for dissociative disorders.
26. Nick Spanos was a leading proponent of the ___________ model of DID.
A) iatrogenic
B) trauma
C) medical
D) socio-cognitive
E) repressed memory

6-7
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-26
Page-Reference: 135
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: D) socio-cognitive
27. Merskey asserted that dissociative identity disorder is an iatrogenic condition. What does this mean?
A) That the condition emerges very early in infancy.
B) That the condition emerges from psychodynamic defenses against early childhood trauma.
C) That the condition is self-generated.
D) That the condition is caused by treatment.
E) That the condition spreads in families.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-27
Page-Reference: 135
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: D) That the condition is caused by treatment.
28. According to Merskey, cases of dissociative identity disorder

A) represent a legitimate psychiatric disorder.
B) are most frequently found in individuals with criminal inclinations.
C) may be iatrogenic conditions unintentionally caused by practitioners.
D) are frequently cases of individuals faking or malingering their illnesses.
E) are more common outside of North America.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-28
Page-Reference: 135
Skill: Factual
Answer: C) may be iatrogenic conditions unintentionally caused by practitioners.
29. Which of the following is true of the treatment and prognosis of DID?
A) There have been few attempts to evaluate the success of the treatments.
B) There is considerable evidence that individuals get better without professional help.
C) There is general consensus among experts regarding a specific series of stages that are followed.
D) In general, the prognosis is optimistic.
E) Medication has been found to be useful in treating the disorder.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-29
Page-Reference: 136
Skill: Factual
Answer: C) There is general consensus among experts regarding a specific series of stages that are followed.
30. Which of the following is NOT one of the steps that is usually followed in the treatment of dissociative identity
disorder?
A) discussing emotionally charges memories of past trauma
B) helping patients develop new coping skills
C) integrating the various personalities

6-8
D) using hypnosis to assist the patient in role playing the various alters
E) the establishment of trust through a careful discussion of the risks and benefits of therapy
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-30
Page-Reference: 136
Skill: Factual
Answer: D) using hypnosis to assist the patient in role playing the various alters
31. Which of the following medications is sometimes used in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder and
associated comorbid disorders?
A) a variety of SSRIs
B) antipsychotics, such as Haldol
C) sodium amytal
D) antianxiety drugs, such as Valium
E) antidepressants, such as Prozac
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-31
Page-Reference: 136
Skill: Factual
Answer: C) sodium amytal
32. Heather is deliberately faking symptoms of illness in order to gain the attention of doctors. This behaviour is
best described as:
A) conversion disorder.
B) factitious disorder.
C) malingering.
D) somatizing.
E) faking.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-32
Page-Reference: 137
Skill: Application
Answer: B) factitious disorder.
33. Sandra is experiencing a loss of vision for which her doctor can find no physical cause. The term best suited
to describing her condition is
A) factitious disorder.
B) illness anxiety disorder.
D) conversion disorder.
E) major depressive disorder
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-33
Page-Reference: 138
Skill: Factual
Answer: D) conversion disorder.

6-9
34. In conversion disorder

A) there is excessive preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated body disfigurement.
B) people have long-standing fears, suspicions, or convictions about having a serious disease.
C) a pattern of multiple, recurring, somatic complaints that have no diagnosable basis are observed, leading the individual
to seek medical treatment.
D) psychological factors are important in the onset, exacerbation, severity, or maintenance of the patient's pain
complaints.
E) symptoms are observed in voluntary motor or sensory functions that suggest neurological causes, but these cannot be
confirmed.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-34
Page-Reference: 138
Skill: Factual
Answer: E) symptoms are observed in voluntary motor or sensory functions that suggest neurological causes, but these
cannot be confirmed.
35. "Glove anesthesia" refers to

A) loss of sensation in the hands when wearing gloves.
B) loss of sensation in the extremities.
C) loss of sensation in the part of the hands which would be covered by gloves.
D) an inability to remember where one has left one's gloves and keys.
E) an extreme fear of wearing gloves.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-35
Page-Reference: 138
Skill: Factual
Answer: C) loss of sensation in the part of the hands which would be covered by gloves.
36. The term la belle indifference refers to

A) the lack of worry patients with conversion disorder display about their symptoms.
B) the lack of awareness of each other displayed by each of the alters in patients suffering from dissociative identity
disorder.
C) the attitude displayed by people accused of malingering.
D) the lack of awareness of their condition displayed by patients suffering from dissociative amnesia with fugue.
E) the lack of concern doctors show patients suffering from conversion disorder.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-36
Page-Reference: 138
Skill: Factual
Answer: A) the lack of worry patients with conversion disorder display about their symptoms.
37. In somatic symptom disorder, patients usually attribute their symptoms to

A) feelings of depersonalization/derealization.
B) psychological problems.
C) an insecure attachment with their parents as children.
D) depression.
E) medical problems.

6-10
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-37
Page-Reference: 139
Skill: Factual
Answer: E) medical problems.
38. Recently, experts have suggested that conversion disorder might best be viewed as a form of
A) somatic symptom disorder.
B) dissociative amnesia.
C) factitious disorder.
D) dissociative disorder.
E) anxiety disorder.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-38
Page-Reference: 139
Skill: Factual
Answer: D) dissociative disorder.
39. Deliberately adopting the sick role and complaining of symptoms to achieve some specific gain like receiving
insurance money or avoiding duties is characteristic of
A) la belle indifference.
B) factitious disorders.
D) malingering.
E) illness anxiety disorder.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-39
Page-Reference: 140
Skill: Factual
Answer: D) malingering.
40. There is some similarity between illness anxiety disorder and ___________.
A) panic disorder
B) conversion disorder
C) depression
D) psychogenic pain
E) dissociative amnesia
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-40
Page-Reference: 140
Skill: Factual
Answer: A) panic disorder
41. Which of the following represents an overconcern about serious disease?

A) malingering
B) illness anxiety disorder

6-11
C) conversion disorder
D) factitious disorder
E) dissociative identity disorder
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-41
Page-Reference: 140
Skill: Factual
Answer: B) illness anxiety disorder
42. Recent research suggests that conversion symptoms in people with conversion disorder result from
A) spontaneous self-hypnosis.
B) psychogenic pain.
C) malingering.
D) therapeutic suggestion.
E) valid medical problems.
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-42
Page-Reference: 141
Skill: Factual
Answer: A) spontaneous self-hypnosis.
43. Somatic symptom and related disorders were at one time viewed as masked
A) aggression.
B) anxiety.
C) depression.
D) psychological conflict.
E) obsessions.
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-43
Page-Reference: 142
Skill: Factual
Answer: D) psychological conflict.
44. Current treatments for somatic symptom and related disorders focus on
A) integrating the various personalities into a single personality.
B) finding the most appropriate pharmacological intervention for the particular individual.
C) helping individuals acquire insight into the origins of their difficulties.
D) the use of hypnosis to help individuals uncover forgotten memories of traumatic events that may be at the root of many
of these disorders.
E) affective, cognitive, or social processes that maintain these disorders.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-44
Page-Reference: 142
Skill: Factual
Answer: E) affective, cognitive, or social processes that maintain these disorders.

6-12
45. According to theories of health anxiety, the development of dysfunctional beliefs about illness leads an
individual to:
A) doubt themselves.
B) lose confidence in the healthcare system.
C) develop attentional and interpretive biases.
D) develop traumatic memories.
E) develop healthy eating and fitness habits.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-45
Page-Reference: 141
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: C) develop attentional and interpretive biases.
46. Dysfunction in which physiological system is proposed to be implicated in the development of somatic
symptom and related disorders?
A) the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) the prefrontal cortex-basal ganglia system.
C) the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
D) the reproductive system.
E) the sensory-perceptual system.
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-46
Page-Reference: 141
Skill: Factual, Conceptual
Answer: C) the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
47. Social learning theory proposes that individuals who report unexplained symptoms:
A) learn how to adopt the sick role from their family physician.
B) learn to adopt the sick role to please their parents.
C) develop a fear of illness via classical conditioning.
D) develop a fear of illness via operant conditioning.
E) observe and internalize the health-related opinions and behaviours of close others.
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-47
Page-Reference: 141
Skill: Factual, Conceptual
Answer: E) observe and internalize the health-related opinions and behaviours of close others.
Chapter 06 True/False Questions
1. Hippocrates believed that the dissociative and somatic symptom disorders were caused by a wandering
uterus.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-2-48

6-13
Page-Reference: 129
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. True
2. In the middle ages, supernatural beliefs of Plato were soon replaced by more scientific accounts of mental
disorders, including the syndromes we recognize as dissociative and somatic symptom and related disorders.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-2-49
Page-Reference: 129
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. False
3. Current thought about dissociative disorders and somatic symptom and related disorders suggests that both
are characterized by physical symptoms or behaviours that are caused or exacerbated by elevated serotonin
levels.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-2-50
Page-Reference: 129
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. False
4. With the rise of Christianity, biomedical theories of hysteria were replaced by supernatural explanations.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-2-51
Page-Reference: 129
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. True
5. Dissociation was emphasized in early Christianity as a function of God's will.

a True
b False
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-2-52
Page-Reference: 129
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. False
6. The defining symptom of the dissociative disorders is the disruption of mental processes involved in memory
or consciousness that are normally integrated.

6-14
a True
b False
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-2-53
Page-Reference: 130
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: a. True
7. Dissociative symptoms are common among psychiatry patients and often co-occur with depression, anxiety
and personality disorders.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-2-54
Page-Reference: 132
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: a. True
8. The transition from one alter to another is called a "jump."

a True
b False
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-2-55
Page-Reference: 133
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. False
9. The separate personalities in a person suffering from dissociative identity disorder are often referred to as
"alters."
a True
b False
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-2-56
Page-Reference: 134
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. True
10. Proponents of false memory syndrome argue that therapists may inadvertently lead patients to uncover
repressed memories that have been distorted.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-2-57
Page-Reference: 134
Skill: Conceptual

6-15
Answer: b. False
11. Canadian psychologist Nick Spanos was an articulate supporter of the diagnosis of dissociative identity
disorder.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-2-58
Page-Reference: 135
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. False
12. Merskey has argued that dissociative identity disorder is created by the power of suggestion.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-2-59
Page-Reference: 135
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. True
13. There is no evidence that people with dissociative disorders score higher on measures of hypnotizability.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-2-60
Page-Reference: 135
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. False
14. Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more personalities.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-2-61
Page-Reference: 135
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. True
15. The average number of personalities in dissociative identity disorder is five.

a True
b False
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-2-62

6-16
Page-Reference: 134
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. False
16. Medication is generally not useful in the direct treatment of DID.

a True
b False
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-2-63
Page-Reference: 136
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. True
17. In malingering, individuals deliberately fake or generate the symptoms of illness in order to gain their doctor's
attention.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-2-64
Page-Reference: 137
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. False
18. Conversion disorder is characterized by voluntary motor or sensory symptoms that reflect underlying
neurological, although not anatomical, dysfunction.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-2-65
Page-Reference: 138
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. False
19. DSM-5 criteria for conversion disorder requires determination of whether a genuine medical condition is
present.
a True
b False
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-2-66
Page-Reference: 138
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. True
20. Patients with conversion disorder tend to be quite anxious about their symptoms.
a True

6-17
b False
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-2-67
Page-Reference: 138
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. False
21. Somatic symptom disorder shares similarities with panic disorder.

a True
b False
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-2-68
Page-Reference: 139
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. True
Chapter 06 Essay Questions
1. What is the defining symptom of dissociative disorders? What were dissociative disorders categorized as in
early editions of the DSM? What specific dissociative disorder has changed names recently?
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-3-69
Page-Reference: 130-131
Skill: Factual
Answer: The defining symptom of dissociative disorders is "dissociation," the disruption of mental processes involved in
memory or consciousness that are normally integrated. These disorders used to be called "neuroses." "Dissociative
Identity Disorder" was once called "Multiple Personality Disorder."
2. Identify and describe the major characteristics of three types of dissociative disorders.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-3-70
Page-Reference: 130
Skill: Application
Answer: Dissociative amnesia: Inability to recall important personal information.

Dissociative Identity Disorder: Presence of two or more personalities.
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder: Feeling of being detached from oneself
3. What is false memory syndrome and how is this distinguished from the trauma-repression hypothesis?
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-3-71
Page-Reference: 131
Skill: Factual
Answer: The concept of "repressed memory" comes from Freudian theory. The underlying faulty assumption is that the

6-18
mind records memories of childhood events accurately. According to the concept, traumatic events can be forgotten and
this serves as a defense against extreme anxiety. Although there appears to be a link between trauma and memory
functioning, the idea that trauma memories can be entirely repressed only to be recovered later through therapy has not
been supported. One main tenet that has been challenged is the idea that memories are accurate – it is understood now
that memories are actually distorted by various life events. Loftus advanced the notion of false memory syndrome, a
condition in which people are induced by well-meaning therapists to recall events that never actually occurred. Loftus
proposed that such "memories" are formed/implanted via leading questions and repeated suggestion. Loftus
demonstrated this effect in several experiments notably the "lost in the mall" experiment.
4. What are the various personalities in a person with dissociative identity disorder called? How many of these
personalities must there be for a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder?
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-3-72
Page-Reference: 133
Skill: Factual
Answer: The various personalities are called "alters." There must be at least two alters for the diagnosis of dissociative
identity disorder.
5. Describe five patterns of memory loss characteristic of dissociative amnesia.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-3-73
Page-Reference: 133
Skill: Factual
Answer: Localized amnesia: The person fails to recall information during a very specific time period (e.g., the events
immediately surrounding a trauma);
Selective amnesia: Only parts of the trauma are recalled while other parts are forgotten; Generalized amnesia: People
forget their entire lives;
Continuous amnesia: The individual forgets information from a specific date until the present;
Systematized amnesia: The individual only forgets certain categories of information.
6. List and BRIEFLY discuss the defining features of 3 somatic symptom and related disorders from the DSM-5.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-3-74
Skill: Factual
Answer: Somatic Symptom Disorder: Multiple symptoms including, gastrointestinal problems, sexual problems; all without
known cause
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder): Involuntary sensory or motor disruption, e.g., hysterical
blindness
Illness Anxiety Disorder: Excessive concern about serious illness when there is no underlying illness
7. List the somatic symptom and related disorders and summarize your impression of the current status of this
diagnostic category. What are the scientific reasons for keeping this category and the disorders within?.
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-3-75
Skill: Application / integration

6-19
Answer: The somatic symptom and related disorders include conversion disorder (numbing or paralysis), somatic
symptom disorder (somatic complaints that change over time), and illness anxiety disorder (long-standing fears about
having a disease). They have in common the feature of physical symptoms and complaints that do not have any apparent
medical cause and it is for this perhaps superficial reason that they have been grouped together. There is likely a belief
that this superficial feature will be joined someday by some common etiological mechanism that remains to be discovered.
There is also the pragmatic reason that these disorders all tend to be seen primarily in general medical settings.
The current research offers little guidance as to what to do with the category – as reflected in the textbook's
biopsychosocial formulation, which states that a number of factors may interact in a series of vicious cycles, with different
somatic symptom and related disorders resulting from different patterns of interaction. It is believed that a series of
behavioral and cognitive processes may culminate in these disorders – perhaps only for persons rendered vulnerable to
these processes by biological, psychological and/or social factors. This formulation conveys the current status of the
category and does not rule out the possibility of a common etiological pathway being discovered in the future.
8. Explain the cognitive-behavioural conceptualization of health anxiety.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-3-76
Page-Reference: 141
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: According to this perspective, everyone develops beliefs and attitudes about physical well being and illness
through personal experience, observation of others, and information from other people about their experiences. For
people with somatic symptom and related disorders, these beliefs are dysfunctional and lead them to pay attention in a
biased way to their bodily sensations. Attention bias causes individuals to impose catastrophic misinterpretations when
they experience bodily symptoms (i.e., they assume the worst). These attentional and interpretation biases raise anxiety
and uncertainty which then motivates repeated safety-seeking behaviour (e.g., reassurance seeking, repeated checking of
symptoms, repeated visits to the doctor). These safety behaviours do not bring relief or assurance to the individual and
often there is a vicious cycle.

6-20
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Negroe slaves in North-America, i. 396 📘.
—— —— know a kind of poison, i. 397 📘.
New Bristol, i. 219 📘.
—— Brunswick, i. 229 📘. [319]
Newcastle, a town in Pensylvania, i. 26 📘.
—— founded by the Dutch, i. 26 📘.
New-York, i. 247 📘.
—— assembly of deputies, i. 259 📘.
—— houses of, i. 249 📘.
—— public buildings, i. 250 📘.
—— port, i. 252 📘.
—— trade, i. 253 📘.
Nicholson fort, near Canada, ii. 293 📘.
Noxious insects in America, ii. 6 📘.
Nyssa aquatica, Tupelotree, ii. 67 📘.
O.
Oenothera biennis, iii. 294.
Oriolus phoeniceus, ii. 79 📘.
Orleans, Isle of, in the river St. Lawrence, iii. 194.
Orontium aquaticum, ii. 101 📘.
Oxalis corniculata, i. 201 📘.

P.
Panax quinquefolium, iii. 114.
Paper-currency of Canada, iii. 68.
Papilio antiopa, ii. 105 📘.
—— euphrosyne, ii. ibid.
Parsneps, iii. 67.
Partridges, American, ii. 51 📘.
—— white. See Ptarmigans.
Parus major, i. 24 📘.
Pease, destroyed by an insect, i. 173 📘.
Pectinites, iii. 22.
Penn’s Neck, in New-Jersey, ii. 17 📘.
Petite Riviere, iii. 221.
Petrel, i. 23 📘.
Phaëton æthereus, i. ibid.
Philadelphia, capital of Pensylvania, i. 31 📘.
—— by whom, and when built, i. 32 📘.
—— houses of, i. 34 📘.
—— public buildings, i. 36 📘.
—— regularity, and beauty of its streets, i. 33 📘. [320]
——, temperature of its climate, i. 46 📘.
—— trade of, i. 49 📘.
Phytolacca decandra, American nightshade, i. 95 📘, 196 📘.
Picus auratus, ii. 86 📘.
—— carolinus, ii. ibid.
—— erythrocephalus, ii. ibid.
—— pileatus, ii. ibid.
—— principalis, ii. 85 📘.
—— pubescens, ii. 87 📘.
——— varius, ii. ibid.
——— villosus, ii. 86 📘.
Pierre à Calumet, iii. 230.
Pigeons, wild, ii. 82 📘.
Pinus abies, the pine, i. 360 📘.
—— sylvestris, the fir, i. ibid.
—— tæda, i. 69 📘.
—— Americana, i. ibid.
Plantago major, i. 118 📘.
—— maritima, iii. 211.
Platanus occidentalis, i. 62 📘.
Pleurisy, i. 376 📘.
Poa angustifolia, iii. 156.
—— capillaris, iii. 66.
Poke. See Phytolacca.

Polecat, American, i. 273 📘.
Polytrichum commune, i. 184 📘.
Pontederia cordata, iii. 260.
Porpesse, i. 16 📘.
Portuguese, or Spanish man of war, a species of blubber, i. 15 📘.
Portulaca oleracea, purslane, ii. 284 📘.
Potentilla fruticosa, i. 138 📘.
Prairie de Magdelène, a small village in Canada, iii. 52.
Preferableness of Old Sweden to New Sweden, ii. 188 📘.
Prinos verticillatus, i. 67 📘.
Probability of Europeans being in North-America long before Columbus’s

discovery, ii. 31 📘.
Procellaria pelagica, i. 22 📘. [321]
Procellaria puffinus, i. 23 📘.
Prunella vulgaris, iii. 294.
Prunus domestica, i. 67 📘.
—— spinosa, i. 68 📘.
—— Virginiana, i. 67 📘.
Ptarmigans, iii. 58.
Pyrites, cubic, i. 82 📘.
Pyrus coronaria, crabtree, i. 68 📘. ii. 166 📘.

Q.
Quebec, the chief city in Canada, iii. 97.
—— the palace of, iii. 99.
—— other public buildings, iii. 100.
—— climate of, iii. 246.
Quercus alba, i. 65 📘.
—— Hispanica, i. 66 📘.
—— phellos, ibid.
—— prinos, ibid.
—— rubra, ibid.
—— —— varietas, i. 68 📘.
R.
Raccoon, i. 97 📘, ii. 63 📘.
Rana boans, bullfrog, ii. 170 📘.
—— ocellata, ii. 88 📘.
Rapaapo, a village in New-Jersey, ii. 168 📘.
Rats, not natives of America, ii. 47 📘.
Rattle-snake, found no further north than fort St. Frederick, iii. 48.
Reasons for supposing part of North-America was formerly under water, i. 132 📘,
i. 199 📘.
Redbird, ii. 71 📘.
Rein-deer moss, iii. 137.
Remarks upon the climate of North-America, i. 106 📘.
Rhus glabra, sumach, i. 75 📘, 66 📘.
—— radicans, i. 67 📘, 177 📘.
—— vernix, poison tree, i. 77 📘, 68 📘.
Ribes nigrum, i. 68 📘.
Robinia pseudacacia, locust-tree, i. 69 📘.
Robin-red-breast, American. See Turdus migratorius. [322]
Rockstones of various sorts, near Fort St. Frederic, iii. 20.
Rubus occidentalis, i. 66 📘.
Rudbeckia triloba, iii. 294.
S.
Sagittaria sagittifolia, ii. 97 📘.
Salem, a little town in New-Jersey, ii. 164 📘.
Sambucus occidentalis, S. Canadensis, i. 66 📘. ii. 283 📘.
Sands of several sorts, near Lake Champlain, iii. 24.
Sanguinaria Canadensis, ii. 140 📘.
Saratoga, an English fort towards Canada, ii. 289 📘.
Sarothra gentianoides, i. 126 📘.
Scarabæus, ii. 68 📘.
—— carolinus? ii. 125 📘.

Scirpus pallustris, iii. 83.
Scomber pelamys, boneto, i. 21 📘.
—— thynnus, tunny, i. 19 📘.
Sea hen, i. 24 📘.
Sea weeds, i. 12 📘.
Servants, different kinds of, i. 387 📘.
Shear water, i. 23 📘.
Ships, annually entered into, and sailed from Philadelphia, i. 53 📘.
Sison Canadense, iii. 27.
Skeleton found in Canada, supposed to be of an elephant, iii. 12.
Skunk, or American pole-cat, i. 273 📘.
Smilax laurifolia, i. 68 📘, ii. 185 📘.
Snake, black, ii. 202 📘.
Snow-bird, ii. 51 📘, 81 📘.
Soap-stone, i. 300 📘.
Sœurs de Congregation, iii. 304.
Soldiers advantageously provided for in Canada, iii. 16.
Sorbus aucuparia, iii. 151.
Spartium scoparium, i. 287 📘.
Squashes, i. 348 📘.
Squirrels, flying, i. 320 📘.
—— grey, i. 310 📘.
—— ground, i. 322 📘. [323]
State, former, of New-Sweden, ii. 106 📘.
—— of the American Indians before the arrival of the Europeans, ii. 36 📘.
Sterna hirundo, i. 23 📘.
Sturgeons, ii. 229 📘, 278 📘.
Sulphureous springs near Bay St. Paul, iii. 215.
Swallow, barn or house, ii. 14 📘.
—— chimney, ii. 146 📘.
—— ground, or sand martin, ii. 147 📘.
—— seen at sea, i. 24 📘.
T.
Tawho, or Tawhim, ii. 98 📘.
Tawkee. See Orontium.
Terns, i. 23 📘.
Tetrao lagopus, Ptarmigans, iii. 58.
Thuja occidentalis, iii. 170.
Tilia Americana, lime-tree, i. 59 📘.
Tisavojaune rouge, iii. 14.
Titmouse, great, i. 24 📘.
Tobacco pipes, Indian, ii. 42 📘.
Travado, ii. 214 📘.

Trees, which resist putrefaction less than others, ii. 19 📘.
Trientalis europæa, i. 138 📘.
Triglochin maritimum, i. 138 📘.
Trochilus colubris, i. 210 📘.
Trois Rivieres, a town in Canada, iii. 85.
Tropic bird, i. 23 📘.
Turdus migratorius, ii. 90 📘.
—— polyglottos, ii. 217 📘.
Turtle, i. 22 📘.
Typha latifolia, ii. 132 📘. iii. 218.
U.
Vaccinium, a species of, i. 66 📘.
—— another species, ibid.
—— hispidulum, ii. 79 📘.
Veratrum album, ii. 91 📘.
Verbascum thapsus, i. 128 📘.
Verbena officinalis, i. 119 📘. [324]
Viola Canadensis, iii. 294.
Viscum album, i. 360 📘.
—— filamentosum, i. 286 📘.
Vitis labrusca, i. 66 📘.
—— vulpina, ibid.
Viverra putorius, skunk, i. 273 📘.
Ulmus Americana, i. 67 📘. ii. 298 📘.
Ursus Meles, badger, i. 189 📘.
W.
Wampum, ii. 261 📘. iii. 273.
Wasp-nests, curious, ii. 137 📘.
Water, bad at Albany, ii. 253 📘.
Watering of meadows in Pensylvania, i. 308 📘.
Water-melons, iii. 261.
Waves, bigness of, in the Bay of Biscay, i. 3 📘.
Whip-poor-Will, ii. 151 📘.
Whortle-berries, American, ii. 80 📘.
Wilmington, a little town in Pensylvania, i. 156 📘.
Winds, changeable about the Azores, i. 5 📘.
Wolves in America, i. 285 📘.
Women in Canada, dress of, iii. 81.
Wood of different sorts, for joiners work, ii. 21 📘.
Woodbridge, a small village in New-Jersey, i. 232 📘.
Woodlice, ii. 16 📘. 303.
Woodpeckers, Carolina, ii. 86 📘.

—— crested, ibid.
—— gold winged, ibid.
—— king of the, ii. 85 📘.
—— least spotted, ii. 87 📘.
—— lesser spotted, yellow bellied, ibid.
—— red headed, ii. 86 📘.
—— seen at sea, i. 25 📘.
—— spotted hairy, ii. 86 📘.
Z.
Zizania aquatica, iii. 32, 54.
FINIS.
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Travels into North

Title: America (Volume 3
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Pehr Kalm (1716– Info
Author:
1779) https://viaf.org/viaf/37042419/
John Reinhold
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1798)
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distance
N.A. REINOLD REINHOLD 1
v, 34,
104,
114,
172,
322, . , 1
323,
323,
324,
324
N.A. Pensilvania Pensylvania 1
6 Gaultier Gaulthier 1
7 : ; 1
13,
[Not in source] , 1
208
15, 26, Laurence Lawrence 1
43
21 Wal. Wall. 1
44 houshold household 1
46 in In 1
48, 55,
Galissoniere Galissonniere 1
68
49, 60,
114,
312,
[Not in source] . 1
315,
317,
324
51, 81,
92, to day to-day 1
185
68,
120,
, . 1
177,
202
79 Missisippi Mississippi 1
85 Riveres Rivieres 1
100,
100,
Recolets Recollets 1
101,
102
115 similiar similar 1
127 Eskimaux Esquimaux 2
140 recolet récollet 2/1
141 Saut Sault 1
147 recolets recollets 1
151 recolet recollets 2
168 croud crowd 1
172 theese these 1
182 enterview interview 1
206 prettty pretty 1
240 Esquimanx Esquimaux 1
250 Where-ever Wherever 2
250 athmosphere atmosphere 1
250 inhabitans inhabitants 1
278 où ou 1/0
278 ecureuils écureuils 1/0
278 musques musqués 1/0
284,
284,
Sault au
287, Saut au Recollet 2/1
Récollet
288,
288
298 To day To-day 1
310 acquaintaince acquaintance 1
313 Cattle, wild, —— 13
315 Esquimaux —— 9
320 Philadelphia —— 12
321 sumack sumach 1
321 [Not in source] i 1
324 Ziz ania quatica Zizania aquatica 2
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Chapter 06 Multiple Choice Questions

Answer: E) hysteria; wandering uterus

3. At present, dissociative disorders are characterized by

Answer: D) maladaptive alterations of identity, memory, and consciousness.

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Canada Inc.

D) dissociative amnesia with fugue.

Answer: D) dissociative amnesia with fugue.

Answer: D) false memory syndrome.

6. The dissociative disorders have a high degree of comorbidity

Answer: C) with anxiety, mood and personality disorders.

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Answer: A) depersonalization/derealization disorder.

Answer: E) generalized; continuous

11. Which of the following matches is incorrect?

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Answer: B) depersonalization/derealization disorder: presence of two or more personalities

12. Which of the following matches is incorrect?

Answer: B) selective amnesia: failure to recall only certain categories of information

Answer: D) physical flight.

Answer: E) they are persistent and personally distressing.

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16. Which of the following is NOT true of depersonalization disorder?

Answer: A) there are no symptoms of memory impairment or identity confusion.

Answer: A) perceptual pathways

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Answer: C) Dissociative identity disorder; multiple personality disorder

21. Which of the following is TRUE of dissociative identity disorder?

Answer: A) Alters may have different eyeglass prescriptions and allergies.

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Answer: C) It is often precipitated by stress or other identifiable cues in the environment.

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Answer: D) That the condition is caused by treatment.

28. According to Merskey, cases of dissociative identity disorder

Answer: C) may be iatrogenic conditions unintentionally caused by practitioners.

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Answer: C) sodium amytal

Answer: B) factitious disorder.

Answer: D) conversion disorder.

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34. In conversion disorder

35. "Glove anesthesia" refers to

36. The term la belle indifference refers to

37. In somatic symptom disorder, patients usually attribute their symptoms to

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Answer: E) medical problems.

Answer: D) dissociative disorder.

Answer: A) panic disorder

41. Which of the following represents an overconcern about serious disease?

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Answer: B) illness anxiety disorder

Answer: A) spontaneous self-hypnosis.

Answer: D) psychological conflict.

Answer: E) affective, cognitive, or social processes that maintain these disorders.