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1 Potassium is a Group I element.

Potassium combines with sulfur to form an ionic compound, potassium sulfide, K2S.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
potassium sulfide.

....... .......

K S

.......

[3]

[Total: 3]

2 Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
sodium oxide.

....... .......

Na O

.......

Na

[3]

[Total: 3]

3 Sodium reacts with chlorine to produce sodium chloride.

(a) State the colour of chlorine gas.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) Chlorine is a diatomic molecule.

State the meaning of the term diatomic.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Complete the chemical equation for the reaction of sodium with chlorine.

2 Na + ...............→ ...............NaCl [2]

(d) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound.

Describe two physical properties of ionic compounds.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 6]

4 Lithium chloride, LiCl, is an ionic compound.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
lithium chloride.

..... .....

Li Cl

[3]

[Total: 3]
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5 A student adds excess large pieces of magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, to dilute hydrochloric acid,
HCl, and measures the volume of carbon dioxide gas, CO2, given off.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of the ions in magnesium
chloride.

The inner shells have been drawn.

Give the charges on the ions.

....... .......

Mg Cl

.......

Cl

[3]

[Total: 3]

6 The melting points and boiling points of fluorine, F2, and sodium fluoride, NaF, are shown.

melting point boiling point

/ °C / °C

fluorine −220 −188

sodium fluoride 993 1695

(a) Deduce the physical state of fluorine at −195 °C. Use the data in the table to explain your
answer.

physical state ..................................................................................................................

explanation ......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(b) Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why sodium fluoride has a much higher melting
point than fluorine.

Your answer should refer to the:

• types of particle held together by the forces of attraction

• types of forces of attraction between particles
• relative strength of the forces of attraction.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]

7 Magnesium oxide, MgO, is formed when magnesium burns in oxygen.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of the ions in magnesium
oxide.
The inner shells have been drawn.
Give the charges on the ions.

......... .........

Mg O

[3]

[Total: 3]

8 Fluorine forms both ionic and covalent compounds.

Magnesium reacts with fluorine to form the ionic compound magnesium fluoride.

The electronic structures of an atom of magnesium and an atom of fluorine are shown.
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Mg F

(a) Complete the dot-and-cross diagrams to show the electronic structures of one magnesium ion
and one fluoride ion. Show the charges on the ions.

......... .........

Mg F

[3]

(b) What is the formula of magnesium fluoride?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]