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Chapter 7: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Eating which of the following would most increase dietary potassium intake?
a. Fruits and vegetables
b. Saltwater fish
c. Grains
d. Cereals
ANS: A
Fruits and vegetables tend to be the richest sources of dietary potassium, with a number of them
providing more than 300 mg per serving. Seafood, grains, and cereals do not contribute nearly
the same amount of potassium available in fruits and vegetables.

REF: p. 186

2. When vasopressin is excessively secreted in the blood, which of the following effects occurs?
a. Low serum potassium because water is retained
b. Low serum sodium because water is retained
c. High serum potassium because water is excreted
d. High serum sodium because water is excreted
ANS: B
Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone, stimulates renal reabsorption of water. In
syndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone, excessive secretion of vasopressin retains water and
results in hyponatremia and low urine output. Aldosterone is the hormone that stimulates renal
sodium retention, and when present, the kidneys excrete potassium in exchange for the sodium,
which then attracts the retention of water

REF: pp. 180, 184

3. What effect is of greatest concern in water intoxication?

a. Increased volume of the brain cells
b. Hypertension
c. Decreased circulating blood volume
d. Increased urinary output
ANS: A
 When water intake exceeds the body’s ability to excrete it, such as with impairment in kidney
function, intracellular fluid volume increases. The increase in the volume of brain cells results in
headaches, nausea, blindness, vomiting, and convulsions. Hypertension, decreased circulating
blood volume, and changes in urinary output tend to be associated with or the cause of
hypovolemia.

REF: p. 181

4. For the average woman, _____ mL/day would meet fluid needs.
a. 1500
b. 1700
c. 2700
d. 3500
ANS: C
A daily allowance of water from all sources, including beverages and foods, is about 2,700 mL
per day for women and 3,700 mL per day for men. The general recommendation for water intake
is 1 mL/kcal eaten of 35 mL/kg body weight for adults.

REF: p. 182

5. How does body water, as a percentage of body weight, change based on stage of the life cycle
and lifestyle?
a. Decreases significantly with age and is higher in athletes than non-athletes
b. Decreases significantly with age and is lower in athletes than non-athletes
c. Increases significantly with age and is higher in athletes than non-athletes
d. Increases significantly with age and is lower in athletes than non-athletes
ANS: A
At birth, an infant’s body weight is about 75% to 85% water compared with a lean adult, who is
60% to 70% by body weight. As muscle mass decreases with age, total body water also
decreases. Also, compared with the lean adult, an obese adult may be 45% to 55% water by body
weight. This is because the weight is displaced by adipose tissue, which contains very little
water.

REF: p. 179

6. Where in the body is interstitial fluid located?

a. Within body cells and the lymphatic system
b. Within body cells
c. Between and around body cells
d. In the blood and the lymphatic system
ANS: C
The interstitial space is the spaces between and around the body cells, and it contains the
interstitial fluid. Fluid within body cells is known as intracellular fluid. Fluid within the blood
and lymphatic system is considered to be extracellular fluid.

REF: p. 179
 7. By what mechanism is thirst stimulated in the hypothalamus?
a. Increase in serum osmolality
b. Decrease in serum osmolality
c. Increase in both serum osmolality and in extracellular volume
d. Decrease in serum osmolality and an increase in extracellular volume
ANS: A
A decrease in extracellular fluid volume results in a hemoconcentration of the blood, resulting in
an increase in serum osmolality. The renin–angiotensin system is triggered by the decreased
extracellular volume, and as a consequence, angiotensin II stimulates the thirst centers.

REF: p. 180

8. The kidneys compensate for a loss of body water by excreting

a. additional fluid and electrolytes.
b. additional electrolytes.
c. more concentrated urine.
d. more dilute urine.
ANS: C
When water loss occurs, antidiuretic hormone secretion promotes renal reabsorption of water as
a means of conserving water in the body. As a result, the urine that is excreted will be more
concentrated with metabolites and electrolytes. This can be evidenced by a darker urine that has
a higher than normal specific gravity.

REF: pp. 181–182

9. The recommended fluid intake based on caloric intake is

a. 2 mL/kcal for adults and 3 mL/kcal for infants.
b. 0.5 mL/kcal for adults and infants.
c. 2 mL/kcal for adults and 1 mL/kcal for infants.
d. 1 mL/kcal for adults and 1.5 mL/kcal for infants.
ANS: D
Fluid intake of 1 mL/kcal for adults and 1.5 mL/kcal for infants provides about 35 mL/kg in
adults and 150 mL/kg in infants. These levels help to maintain fluid balance within humans.

REF: p. 182

10. For a normal healthy adult, fluid balance is achieved when the amount of water taken in is
a. half the amount that is lost.
b. about equal to the amount lost.
c. twice the amount lost.
d. unrelated to the amount of water lost.
ANS: B
 Water balance is achieved when the water taken into the body through food and beverage
sources and water produced through metabolic processes is equal to the amount of water lost
through urine, feces, sweat, and respiration. Excessive water intake or losses results in water
imbalance.

REF: p. 180

11. How does dehydration affect the specific gravity of urine?

a. Specific gravity of urine increases above normal.
b. Specific gravity of urine does not change during dehydration.
c. Specific gravity of urine decreases below normal.
d. Specific gravity of urine undergoes a threefold increase.
ANS: A
Dehydration stimulates antidiuretic hormone activity, which promotes reabsorption of water
from the kidneys while still allowing for the excretion of electrolytes and metabolites. This
results in more highly concentrated urine. Because specific gravity is a measure of the
concentration of the urine, the specific gravity will increase above normal.

REF: p. 182

12. Which of the following results from ingesting a large amount of sodium in a short time?
a. Hypotension
b. Muscular cramps
c. Increased urinary calcium excretion
d. Increased urinary output of potassium
ANS: C
Persistent excessive sodium intake has been associated with the development of hypertension
and increased calcium excretion. Hypotension does not occur as result of decreased sodium
intake. Muscle cramping is more associated with imbalances in calcium and magnesium intake.
Increased urinary output of potassium is a common side effect of the use of loop diuretics used in
the control of hypertension and fluid volume.

REF: p. 184

13. Which organ(s) maintain acid–base balance by the regulation of hydrogen ions?
a. Lungs
b. Liver
c. Kidneys
d. Adrenal glands
ANS: C
Hydrogen ion excretion and retention is controlled through the kidneys. The kidneys also
contribute to acid–base regulation through the excretion and retention of bicarbonate. The lungs
are the other organs involved in acid–base regulation, and they do so by controlling the
expiration of carbon dioxide. The liver and adrenal glands do not function in acid–base
regulation, although their metabolic activities may contribute to acid or base production.
 REF: p. 186

14. What is the primary means by which hydrogen ions are generated in the body?
a. Normal tissue metabolism
b. Ingestion of highly acidic foods
c. Oxidation-reduction reactions
d. Reabsorption of bicarbonate
ANS: A
Hydrogen ion and acid formation results from normal metabolism. All foods, not just acidic
ones, may result in the production of organic acids. Carbon dioxide is a common volatile acid
that results from oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Bicarbonate is considered to be a
base, and control of its concentration, along with carbon dioxide concentrations, is a primary
focus of acid–base regulation.

REF: p. 186

15. Which of the following is a characteristic of metabolic acidosis?

a. Accumulation of bicarbonate
b. Decreased ventilation and retention of carbon dioxide
c. Accumulation of acids from abnormal metabolism
d. Excessive loss of carbon dioxide from the lungs
ANS: C
Metabolic acidosis is simply named for the production of acids through metabolic processes.
Diabetes ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis are two conditions that lead to metabolic acidosis.
Metabolic alkalosis results from an accumulation of bicarbonate. Respiratory acidosis results
from retention of carbon dioxide, but respiratory alkalosis is associated with excessive carbon
dioxide respiration.

REF: p. 186

16. Sodium is increased the most by the intake of

a. fresh vegetables.
b. frozen vegetables.
c. fresh meats.
d. luncheon meats.
ANS: D
One ounce of luncheon meat could provide 400 mg of sodium. Fresh meat provides 30 mg of
sodium per ounce if no salt, flavored salt, or flavor enhancers are used. Fresh vegetables provide
very little sodium, and processing 1 cup of frozen vegetables without salt will provide about 10
mg of sodium.

REF: p. 185

17. In the extracellular space, what is the primary buffer system?

a. Phosphate
b. Bicarbonate and carbonic acid
 c. Hydrogen
d. Protein
ANS: B
Bicarbonate and carbonic acid buffer the production of hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide that
results from cellular metabolism, and this occurs primarily in the extracellular space. The
phosphate buffering system and protein buffering are activities that more commonly occur in the
intracellular space.

REF: p. 186

18. Which acid–base imbalance can result from diuretics use, vomiting, and loss of chloride?
a. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Metabolic alkalosis
d. Metabolic acidosis
ANS: C
Metabolic alkalosis results from a loss of acid, such as HCl through gastric suctioning, and loss
of extracellular fluid, such as would occur in diuretic use or vomiting. Respiratory alkalosis
occurs when excessive respiration occurs, such as heavy breathing after exercise or in anxiety.
Respiratory acidosis happens when there is damage to the lungs or respiration that does not allow
for the exchange of carbon dioxide with oxygen. Metabolic acidosis results from medical
conditions that lead to a build-up of metabolic acids in the body.

REF: pp. 188–189

19. What is the primary disturbance when respiratory alkalosis occurs?

a. Increased bicarbonate
b. Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide
c. Decreased bicarbonate
d. Decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide
ANS: D
Because respiratory alkalosis is associated with the excessive elimination of carbon dioxide, the
primary disturbance is a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Respiratory acidosis would result in an increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Metabolic
alkalosis would be reflected by an increase in bicarbonate, and metabolic acidosis would be
evident with a decrease in bicarbonate.

REF: p. 188

20. How would the body compensate for metabolic acidosis?

a. Increased kidney excretion of bicarbonate
b. Increased ventilation of carbon dioxide
c. Decreased kidney excretion of bicarbonate
d. Decreased ventilation of carbon dioxide
ANS: B
When excessive metabolic production of acids occurs, the body compensates by stimulating
increased expiration of carbon dioxide to reduce acid concentrations in the body. Whereas
increased kidney excretion of bicarbonate would be the compensation mechanism for dealing
with respiratory alkalosis, decreased excretion of bicarbonate would compensate for respiratory
acidosis. In metabolic alkalosis, the lungs would compensate by reducing expiration of carbon
dioxide.

REF: pp. 188–189

Another random document with
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 Springf’d Republican p9a Ag 29 ’20
250w

BENSHIMOL, ERNEST. Tomorrow’s yesterday.

*$1 Small 811

20–11179

Marsh dreams, The passing of a shadow, Morning and evening,

Confession of hope, Atonement, In the wilderness, The tale of the
grey wolf, The moon on the Palisades, At dusk, Evening, The end of
the trail, are some of the themes in this volume of poems. The author
is a young poet, a graduate of Harvard, class of 1917.

“It is pleasing to discover a poet today who thinks in every line he

writes. There is no superfluous word-painting in any of Benshimol’s
poems. They are the genuine and spontaneous expression of a highly
imaginative and reflective mind. Here and there, unfortunately, the
reader comes across an image that is obscure or jumbled.”

+ − Springf’d Republican p9a Jl 4 ’20 250w

“The writer is a true poet and this first volume not only has great
promise for the author’s future development, but has great charm in
the present.”

+ Springf’d Republican p11a Ag 1 ’20 100w

 BENSON, EDWARD FREDERIC. “Queen
Lucia.” *$2 (1½c) Doran

20–15389

Riseholme was a strictly Elizabethan village, and “The Hurst,” the

Lucas’s house, more Elizabethan than all the rest, was its social
centre. Here Queen Lucia reigned. For ten years she had been the
undisputed ruler when the smoldering rivalry between herself and
her neighbor, Mrs Quantock, threatened open eruption. Not content
with having set the town’s pace with her classic taste, Queen Lucia
must also make herself the leader in each new fad discovered and
introduced by Mrs Quantock. With the coming of the famous singer,
Olga Bracely, as a resident of the town, all social observances, rules
and precedents are knocked into a cocked hat and one by one the
bubbles, in which Mrs Lucas saw her own greatness reflected, are
pricked. She no longer rules and social oblivion threatens to engulf
her when Olga, in large-hearted pity, executes a series of maneuvers
which reinstate a humbler and wiser queen in something of her
former position.

“The dismallest feature of all is that Mr Benson’s humour should

have gone—not to the dogs, but to the cats.” K. M.

− Ath p241 Ag 20 ’20 700w

+ Booklist 17:30 O ’20

“Fantastic in the extreme, Mr Benson’s latest novel may be

accepted more as a light and airy fantasy than as a contribution to
the study of English social manners. It is, in fact, a merry farce
transferred from the lights of the stage to the printed pages of fiction
and it bears further tribute to the ingenious qualities of Mr Benson’s
humor.” E. F. E.

+ Boston Transcript p6 Jl 28 ’20 1150w

“A clever and amusing satire.”

+ Cath World 112:549 Ja ’21 170w

“The book is lacking in what we are constantly told is necessary for

a good novel. There is not much plot; there is no love interest; there
is no climax. But it is long since one has seen such a masterly bit of
satire, such a piece of character-study as Lucia.”

+ Lit D p101 S 18 ’20 1400w

“The book is a great treat from beginning to end.” E. L. Pearson

+ Review 3:249 S 22 ’20 480w

“Apart from its humor and comic sense of character, the narrative
emphasizes Mr Benson’s versatility and his mature art.”

+ Springf’d Republican p11a S 12 ’20

400w

“Taken as pure farce, ‘Queen Lucia’ is an altogether satisfying

entertainment; full of humorous situations, sparkling with
wholesome wit. The characters, too, are for the most part consistent
and original. So very little restraint would have kept it within the
limits of comedy and we do not feel that it gains in any way from the
touches which incline to extravaganza.”

+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p502 Ag 5

’20 480w

BENSON, EDWARD FREDERIC. Robin

Linnet. *$1.75 (2c) Doran

19–19852

The book shows us English society “snug and comfortable and

stereotyped” in various aspects. First among the students and faculty
of Cambridge where, in the former, the spirit of youth occasionally
pierces through the stereotyped smugness doubly emphasized in the
faculty. There we meet Robin Linnet, nicknamed “Birds,” a lovable
boy, full of fun and horse-play with his chums, but fortified by a rare
love and respect for his mother. The latter, Lady Grote—brilliant
society woman, patroness of celebrities, shining center of an
aristocratic coterie absorbed in “a fever of mere living, a
determination to make the most of the present moment, whether
bridge or scandal or games”—has for her saving quality her great and
sane love for her son. The war-change that English society suffers,
topples Lady Grote’s world over like a house of cards, when her son
goes to France. She decides to superintend the Red cross hospital,
into which her husband converts their country house, in person.
When Robin is killed her spirit rises nobly to the occasion and what
was a fill-gap and a duty now becomes a work of love.

“Full of bright and entertaining dialogue.”

 + Ath p1138 O 31 ’19 120w

“Parts of the book are so slow moving that some readers may not
care to finish it.”

+ − Booklist 16:242 Ap ’20

“The action moves cumbrously; too much time wasted in irrelevant

talk by superfluous characters. This tries the reader’s patience, and
makes negligible a book which might have been one of Mr Benson’s
most successful efforts.”

+ − Cath World 111:539 Jl ’20 210w

“The concluding pages of the book are beautifully written and very
moving, making the whole worth while. It is a book practically devoid
of even a slight thread of plot, and it is very much too long.” L. M.
Field

+ − N Y Times 25:1 F 29 ’20 1150w

N Y Times 25:190 Ap 18 ’20 70w

“Not Mr Benson’s best work in fiction. The whole [is] thrown

together rather than thought out.”

− + Outlook 124:479 Mr 17 ’20 70w

“The story is told with Mr Benson’s usual vivacity, but the

conversion of Lady Grote is far less convincing than the elaborate
and often acute analysis of her emotions in her unregenerate days.”

+ − Spec 124:179 F 7 ’20 500w

“The closing chapters are beautifully written. Mr Benson is deeply

sympathetic without giving way to the strong temptation to be highly
sentimental. The characters are excellently individualized.”

+ Springf’d Republican p13a Ap 25 ’20

700w

“Has the same merits and weaknesses as Mr E. F. Benson’s

previous novels.... Mr Benson, in fact, is almost entirely preoccupied
with the superficial.”

+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p629 N 6

’19 460w

BENSON, STELLA. Living alone. *$1.75

Macmillan

20–2266

“This little book describes the adventures of Angela and the

adventures of those with whom she comes in contact while she is
caretaker of a small general shop which is also part convent and
monastery, part nursing home and college, and wholly a house for
those who wish to live alone. She is an out-and-out, thorough witch,
a trifle defiant, poor, always hungry, intolerant of cleverness and—
radiant.... We have said that ‘Living alone’ is a book about the war.
There is an air raid described from below and from above, together
with a frightful encounter which Harold has with a German
broomstick, and one of the inmates of the house of ‘Living alone’ is
Peony, a London girl who is drawing her weekly money as a soldier’s
wife—unmarried. The story that Peony tells her fellow-lodger Sarah
Brown of how she found the everlasting boy is perhaps the highwater
mark of Miss Benson’s book.”—Ath

“We hardly dare to use the thumbmarked phrase, a ‘born writer’;

but if it means anything Miss Stella Benson is one.” K. M.

+ Ath p1187 N 14 ’19 440w

Booklist 16:203 Mr ’20

“Stella Benson possesses the rarest of attributes among writers—

that of personality.” D. L. M.

+ Boston Transcript p4 My 5 ’20 950w

“The particular merit of ‘Living alone’ is that it is a fairy-tale for

grown-ups, a piece of whimsical madness without rhyme or reason.”
H. S. G.

+ Freeman 1:406 Jl 7 ’20 200w

“No one but a poet could have written ‘Living alone.’ It is Barrie at
moments; again it is Chesterton, that preposterously humorous
Chesterton of the romances; and, after all, it is Stella Benson. It is a
book for the lonely and it is a lesson for the self-conscious. Best of all,
it can be read for the sake of the narrative by those who do not care
to trouble themselves with allegory.”

+ N Y Evening Post p2 My 1 ’20 720w

“It is a book to dally over and reflect on.”

+ Sat R 129:70 Ja 17 ’20 100w

“There are many amusing sketches of people.”

+ Springf’d Republican p11a My 16 ’20

330w

“It is a pity that mere manner should so have marred this new
essay in beautiful nonsense. Beautiful is none too grand a word for
‘Living alone.’ The book teems with beautiful ideas, beautiful
imaginings, best of all—beautiful feeling.”

+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p586 O 23

’19 550w

BERESFORD, JOHN DAVYS. Imperfect

mother. *$2 (2c) Macmillan
 20–8237

A story based on what the Freudians term the “mother complex.”

Cecilia Kirkwood, a woman of dynamic personality, is married to a
sombre little book-seller and is mother to three grown children. At
forty-one she falls in love with the cathedral organist and leaves her
family to go to London with him. Before taking the step she tells her
story to her seventeen year old son thinking him the only one who
will understand her. Stephen at this time is just beginning to fall in
love with little Margaret Weatherly and his mother, hungry for
admiration and sensitive to all shades of feeling toward herself, is
conscious of the slight change in his attitude, and the one bond that
might have held her to her home is broken. All thru his young
manhood Stephen is influenced by the tie that binds him to his
mother and all his relations with women, including his love for
Margaret, are affected by it. With the dissolution of the conflict her
spell over him is broken and he moves forward unhampered to
business success and happy marriage.

+ Booklist 16:346 Jl ’20

+ Boston Transcript p8 Je 12 ’20 950w

“Reads like a case book on the ‘Oedipus complex.’ But in spite of

the author’s effort to get everything right according to Freud it is not
a bad story.”

+ − Ind 103:54 Jl 10 ’20 110w

 “The story is woven with great delicacy and with unobtrusive skill
and is remarkably interesting. Yet it is doubtful whether really great
fiction would thrive on so much scientific awareness.” Ludwig
Lewisohn

+ − Nation 111:74 Jl 17 ’20 750w

“‘An imperfect mother’ is certainly one of the best of the recent

English novels. The author is secure in the consciousness of a ripe
and finely developed art.” W. H. C.

+ New Repub 24:52 S 8 ’20 900w

“It is all symmetrical enough. And yet it is all quite unconvincing.

It is even uninteresting. Cecilia alone emerges—a splendid creature
bursting through the murky moralities of stuffy Medboro.”

− + N Y Times 25:264 My 23 ’20 700w

“It is an easy enough book to read; but there is nothing much to

carry away from it, except the impression of an experienced
chronicler rehandling his materials in the light of an ‘idea.’”

+ − Review 2:654 Je 23 ’20 650w

“Where it might be thought to fail, is in the too subtle

characterisation of Celia; older hands would have broadened their
touches. It is a fine piece of work.”

+ − Sat R 130:14 Jl 3 ’20 100w

 “The merit of the book lies in the skill with which the conflict
between Cecilia’s better instincts and her invincible egotism is
drawn. Mr Beresford is an admirably self-effacing narrator....
Allowing for the improbabilities we have noted, this is an excellent
and restrained study of an ‘a-moral’ type of womanhood.”

+ − Spec 124:697 My 22 ’20 560w

“Judged as an essay in morbid psychology, ‘An imperfect mother’

is an interesting document; judged as a novel, it is a failure.”

− + The Times [London] Lit Sup p199 Mr

25 ’20 850w

BERGER, MAURICE. Germany after the

armistice. *$3.50 (5c) Putnam 914.3

20–9640

“A report, based on the personal testimony of representative

Germans, concerning the conditions existing in 1919.” (Sub-title) The
author of this book, which is translated from the French, with an
introduction, by William L. McPherson, was a lieutenant of the
Belgian army. He went to Berlin after the signing of the armistice to
engage in a series of personal interviews with men of prominence in
diplomacy, the army, industry, finance, politics, journalism, the arts
and sciences. These interviews are here published in full and contain
such names as: Brockdorff-Rantzau; Prince Lichnowsky; General
Kluck; Karl Helfferich; Hugo Haase; Karl Kautsky; Theodor Wolff;
Maximilian Harden; Hermann Sudermann, and many others. In his
conclusions the author treats of: Germany and the war; Germany and
the atrocities; The Kaiser—militarism—bolshevism; Public spirit—the
government; Germany and the society of nations; The new Germany.
The book also contains a preface by Baron Beyens, former Belgian
minister in Berlin, and has an index.

+ Booklist 16:339 Jl ’20

“A full revelation is this volume of the true inwardness of the

German character.”

+ Boston Transcript p6 Ag 4 ’20 500w

“The interviewer writes with the violent prejudice of an enemy who

still fears his defeated foe. But many of the conversations are of
peculiar interest none the less. Especially valuable, perhaps, are the
statements of Kautsky and other Socialists; also the account of the
shameless murder of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg.” H: W.
Nevinson

+ − Freeman 1:404 Jl 7 ’20 280w

“No better account has appeared of the individuals who are

directing the destinies of the young republic.”

+ Ind 104:67 O 9 ’20 30w

“Lieutenant Berger draws with bold strokes the portraits of the

men he met—they stand out with lifelike distinctiveness. His style is
simple and vivacious and his subject matter is engrossing.”
 + N Y Times 25:10 Jl 18 ’20 1300w
R of Rs 62:112 Jl ’20 40w

“There is a tone of sincere frankness in the interviews which

carries weight. Lieutenant Berger is evidently a man of tact and
discernment; he refused to enter upon useless discussion, but he was
able to guide the conversation so skilfully as to secure for his
superiors the desired information.” C: Seymour

+ Yale R n s 10:419 Ja ’21 310w

BERGSON, HENRI LOUIS. Mind-energy.

*$2.50 (3c) Holt 194

20–15087

This collection of lectures and essays, translated from the French

by H. Wildon Carr, is not only an authorized translation, says the
translator, but has been carefully supervised by M. Bergson himself,
as to details of meaning and expression, in order to give it the same
authority as the original French. The lectures are partly in exposition
of philosophical theory, partly detailed psychological investigation
and metaphysical research illustrative of their author’s concept of
reality as a fundamentally spiritual activity. Contents: Life and
consciousness; The soul and the body; “Phantasms of the living” and
psychical research; Dreams; Memory of the present and false
recognition; Intellectual effort; Brain and thought; a philosophical
illusion; Index.
 + Booklist 17:137 Ja ’21

“Bergson is brilliant, and he is in close touch with the life of men.

He is always worth reading for his intellectual strength and his
insight into things spiritual. In this book Bergson is found at his
best.” F. W. C.

+ Boston Transcript p4 S 22 ’20 1050w

“The present volume is valuable for students of Bergson just

because its confident reaffirmations proclaim that, in the author’s
judgment, his theories have stood the test of time. Hence this is a
good opportunity for attempting a total estimate of Bergson’s work
and a sorting out of what is likely to live from what is likely to die.” R.
F. A. Hoernle

+ N Y Evening Post p6 Ja 15 ’21 850w

“The student who lacks either the time or the training to study Mr
Bergson’s larger and more difficult work will find in this volume of
essays clues not difficult to understand and profitable to follow.”

+ Outlook 126:767 D 29 ’20 300w

“The essays before us, though diversely prompted, all converge

towards one centre, which is revealed by the title of the book. At the
end they leave the feeling that he has been pursuing the same subject
all the time. The tenacity with which he applies his principles is
certainly to be noted in a thinker who suggests such a flexible, almost
elusive, view of reality. There is a fascinating essay about ‘false
recognition.’”
 + The Times [London] Lit Sup p715 N 4
’20 800w

BERNSTORFF, JOHANN HEINRICH

ANDREAS HERMANN ALBRECHT, graf von.
My three years in America. *$5 Scribner 940.32

20–11505

“As a pendant to Mr Gerard’s reminiscences of the American

embassy in Berlin during the war, Count Bernstorff’s account of his
work as German ambassador at Washington is of some historic
interest. He is mainly concerned to defend himself and to put all the
blame for the quarrel with America on the Berlin foreign office and
on the military chiefs. He denies, of course, that he had anything to
do with the campaign of bomb outrages which German-Americans,
assisted by Irish-Americans, waged against American and Canadian
factories and allied shipping. He records the profound horror and
indignation caused by the torpedoing of the Lusitania, but disclaims
all previous knowledge of that foul deed.”—Spec
“For the historian and student of the war Count von Bernstorff’s
book has undoubted value. The excellence of the translation may be
due in part to the style of Count von Bernstorff; for, unlike many
German writers, he does not hide his thought behind dense and
complicated entanglements of language, but sets it forth in clear,
short, crisp sentences.” E. E. Sperry

+ Am Hist R 26:99 O ’20 1100w

 “There are many curious statements in the book, some of which no
sophisticated reader will believe without confirmation. At any rate
students of political science will find many things in this volume to
provoke dissent, and some also that will meet with hearty
concurrence.”

+ − Am Pol Sci R 14:736 N ’20 250w

“The book is interesting and has a certain historical value.”

+ Ath p11 Jl 2 ’20 580w

“The tone is reasonable and conciliatory, the logic sometimes too

smooth.”

+ − Booklist 17:23 O ’20

“Throughout the narrative Count Bernstorff is wonderfully frank.

Whether this frankness arises from an honest openness of mind or
from an utter absence of ability to realize his own obliquity is a
question for each reader to solve for himself.” E. J. C.

+ Boston Transcript p6 Jl 10 ’20 900w

“Count Bernstorff himself is not a thinker like Norman Angell and

Bertrand Russell, but he is intelligent to a high degree, exact,
fearless, without cheap pride, living in a much more real atmosphere
than most of the German war statesmen. He has the prime
advantage, for a time of such complexity, of having a good mind that
functions without interference from his prejudices or his passions.”
Norman Hapgood
 + Nation 111:132 Jl 31 ’20 1750w

“The story is told coolly and without any sign of prejudice, except
for an occasional slurring reference to Colonel Roosevelt or
Ambassador Gerard. The narrator analyzes his characters in an
objective sort of way, unmoved by anger or enthusiasm, except for
one exclamation of admiration for Colonel House; he dissects, he
does not eulogize or condemn.” C. W. Thompson

+ N Y Times 25:3 Jl 4 ’20 2150w

“This book, as a real contribution to history, will assuredly take its

place alongside volumes of such permanent value as Viscount
Haldane’s, General von Falkenhayn’s, and Count Czernin’s. Indeed,
in none of these is there sharper, more illuminative, and more
cynical observation both of men and events.”

+ Outlook 126:690 D 15 ’20 250w

Review 3:710 Jl 7 ’20 360w

“It would be a serious mistake to consider his ‘plaidoyer’ as

dispassionate history. It is a further and exceedingly interesting
addition to that large library of self-justification now appearing in
Germany. It differs from other volumes only on a point of good
taste.” Christian Gauss

− + Review 3:190 S 1 ’20 1200w

“The reader into whose hands it may come will not fail to find its
chapters exceedingly interesting, as they review familiar episodes
from what to Americans is an unfamiliar standpoint.”

+ R of Rs 62:221 Ag ’20 240w

“We think that all the great actors in the German tragedy, military,
political and diplomatic, have now told their story, except the ex-
Kaiser. Count Bernstorff’s is certainly the best of these ‘pieces
justificatives,’ for it shows that the writer’s judgment was better than
that of his masters, and his style is temperate and logical.”

+ Sat R 129:542 Je 12 ’20 900w

Spec 124:799 Je 12 ’20 430w

“His attempt to gauge American character is on the whole happy.

Even those who differ with him will find it difficult to disprove his
findings. There is no rancor in his judgments. There is no attempt to
add piquancy to the narrative by gossip.”

+ Springf’d Republican p6 Ag 9 ’20 280w

BERRIMAN, ALGERNON E., and others.

Industrial administration. (Manchester univ.
publications) il *$2.40 Longmans 331

20–9654

“The lectures published in this volume were delivered in the

department of industrial administration in the College of technology,
Manchester, during the session 1918–19, by various well-known
authorities on subjects relating to industrial administration.”
(Nature) “Contents: Social obligations of industry to labour, by B. S.
Rowntree; The applications of psychology to industry, by T. H. Pear;
Education as a function of management, by A. E. Berriman;
Occupational diseases, by T. M. Legge; Atmospheric conditions and
efficiency, by L. Hill; Industrial councils and their possibilities, by T.
B. Johnston; Training for factory administration, by St G. Heath;
Industrial fatigue, by A. F. S. Kent.” (Am Econ R)

Am Econ R 10:840 D ’20 50w

Ath p814 Je 18 ’20 60w
Nature 106:74 S 16 ’20 620w

BETTER letters; a little book of suggestions and

information about business correspondence. $1
Herbert S. Browne, 608 S. Dearborn st., Chicago 658

20–3557

“This little book has been compiled for the average person in
business, whether executive or stenographer, who wants a statement
in simple and direct form of the elementary things that are essential
to good letters. It is a first-aid manual of style for business
correspondence, suitable for adoption by any commercial concern,
large or small.” (Introd.) Contents of part 1—The letter itself:
Appearance; Substance; Phraseology; Punctuation; Paragraphing;
Abbreviations; Miscellaneous. Contents of part 2—Words, right and
wrong; Some misused words; Verbal vulgarisms; Similar words often
confused; Pronouns: their use and abuse; Miscellaneous.

Booklist 17:17 O ’20

BIERSTADT, EDWARD HALE, ed. Three

plays of the Argentine; tr. from the Spanish by Jacob
S. Fassett, jr. *$1.75 Duffield 862

20–4775

In his introduction to these plays Mr Bierstadt has given us a

glimpse of the culture of one of our American neighbors to the South,
of whom we have hitherto known too little. His historical sketch of
the folk drama of the Argentine, known as the drama criollo, shows it
to have sprung from the very heart of the people, the gaucho, and to
have had its inception in the sawdust ring of the circus. As given in
the translation, the plays are transcriptions from the original popular
and unprinted versions and although modified, have retained their
true atmospheric and colorful qualities. Of the two first Mr Bierstadt
says: “They are perhaps the most famous in all the category of
gaucho plays, and carry as do no others the very spirit of the
pampas.” These are “Juan Moreira” and “Santos Vega.” The third,
“The witches’ mountain,” is not in the same sense a gaucho play, as it
is set in the mountain country, but is considered as marking the last
milestone in the epoch of truly native drama.