THE ENGINEERING EXCELLENCE OF

RAM MANDIR

A Major Project Report Submitted

In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In

CIVIL ENGINEERING
By

Pranjal Singh Parihar (20302013)

Sachin Singh (20302082)
Gaurav Tiwari (20302066)
Deepak Sondhiya (20302003)
Aman Kumar Shukla (20302061)
Mahendra Kumar Chaudhary (20302011)

Under the Supervision of

Prof. Rajesh Chouhan

(Head Of Department, Civil Engineering)

Department of Civil Engineering

School of Engineering and Technology
Vikram University, Ujjain, (M.P.), 456010
SESSION(2023-2024)
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
VIKRAM UNIVERSITY, UJJAIN, (M.P.), 456010

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that major project report entitled “ The Engineering

Excellence of Ram Mandir” which is submitted by Pranjal Singh
Parihar, Sachin Singh, Gaurav Tiwari, Deepak Sondhiya, Aman
Kumar Shukla and Mahendra Kumar Chaudhary in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree Bachelor of
Engineering in Civil Engineering from Department of Civil
Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Vikram
University, Ujjain, is a record of the candidates own work carried out by
them under my supervision. The matter embodied in this major project
is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Prof. Rajesh Chouhan Prof. Rajesh Chouhan Dr. Sandeep Tiwari

(Project Guide) (Head of Department) (Director)

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 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
VIKRAM UNIVERSITY, UJJAIN, (M.P.), 456010

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that major project report entitled “ The Engineering

Excellence of Ram Mandir” which is submitted by Pranjal Singh
Parihar, Sachin Singh, Gaurav Tiwari, Deepak Sondhiya, Aman
Kumar Shukla and Mahendra Kumar Chaudhary in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree Bachelor of
Engineering in Civil Engineering from Department of Civil
Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Vikram
University, Ujjain, is a record of our own work carried out by us under
the guidance and supervision of our faculty member. We are very
thankful to them for their support.

Signature Signature
(Internal Examiner) (External
Examiner)

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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the
best of our knowledge and belief. It contains no material previously
published or written by another person nor material which to a
substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree
or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except
where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Pranjal Singh Parihar (20302013)

Sachin Singh (20302082)
Gaurav Tiwari (20302066)
Deepak Sondhiya (20302003)
Aman Kumar Shukla (20302061)
Mahendra Kumar Chaudhary (203020011)

Date:- 15-05-2024
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of B.E. major project undertaken
during B.E. final year.
First of all salutations to our beloved and highly esteemed institute “School of Engineering
and Technology” for having well qualified staff and labs furnished with necessary
equipment and computers.
We express our sincere gratitude to our respected director sir, Dr. Sandeep Tiwari, for
providing full accessibility to lab and providing us all the necessary lab equipment which
help us a lot to simplify our project.
Next in the row, we will like to express our sincere gratitude to our respected head of
department as well as our project guide, Prof. Rajesh Chouhan, for his invaluable inspiring
guidance and constant encouragement during the period of project work and for always
being available at every point of time when we want his guidance as well as for motivating
us throughout the project work.
We owe special debt of gratitude for his constant support and guidance throughout the course
of our work. His sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of
inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the
day.
We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Prof. Chetan Gurjar, Prof.
Sachin Sironiya, Prof. Mohit Prajapati, for their full support and assistance during the
development of the project.
We also like to acknowledge the contribution of all staff members of the department for their
kind assistance during the development of our project. Last but not the least, we
acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the completion of this project.

Pranjal Singh Parihar (20302013)

Sachin Singh (20302082)
Gaurav Tiwari (20302066)
Deepak Sondhiya (20302003)
Aman Kumar Shukla (20302061)
Mahendra Kumar Chaudhary (20302011)

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Page | 6
ABSTRACT
The meticulous construction of the Ram Mandir in Ayodhya stands as a beacon of
engineering excellence and unwavering devotion. At the heart of this monumental project is
the use of specially chosen stones subjected to rigorous testing — a process overseen by the
National Institute of Rock Mechanics (NIRM) in Bengaluru. Special technology is employed
to place the carved stones in the construction, and NIRM played a pivotal role in ensuring
that every aspect of the temple, from its foundation to the superstructure, adheres to the
highest quality and durability standards.
The strength of the Ram Temple comes from the rocks used in its construction. Around
20,700 large blocks of granite, 32,800 blocks of sandstone, and 7,200 blocks of marble,
certified by the scientists of NIRM, have been used in the construction. The temple’s
construction showcases a meticulous engineering feat, with a foundation rooted in a 15-
metre-thick layer of rolled compacted concrete. This formidable base, consisting of 54 layers
of the compacted concrete made from fly ash, dust, and chemicals, provides a solid footing
to the structure. Also strengthening the foundation is a 21-foot-thick plinth of granite,
strategically designed to shield the temple from moisture.
On the advice of the IIT Chennai, engineers excavated the land up till 15 metres to remove
the clayey topsoil. This void was filled with re-engineered soil, a substance capable of
solidifying into stone within 14 days.
Construction approach of Ram Mandir is to avoid the use of iron and minimising the use of
cement. The stones are intricately interlocked, forming a robust structure. To enhance
stability, shear keys are strategically employed at male-female joints. Copper clamps and
pins further fortify the assembly, creating a durable and interconnected framework without
the traditional reliance on iron or excessive cement. This method not only demonstrates a
commitment to resource efficiency but also results in a distinctive and resilient architectural
outcome designed to last for more than 1,000 years.
The temple can withstand major earthquakes. The collaborative effort of a dedicated team
comprising 150 engineers and thousands of workers underscores the temple’s architectural
marvel, projected to remain free of repairs for over 1,000 years.
The grey granites, aged at least 2,100 million years, their hardness was scientifically
determined using advanced tools like the Schmidt Hammer.
The intricately carved pillars, a hallmark of the temple’s architectural beauty, underwent non-
destructive testing (NDT) using cutting-edge techniques such as ultrasonic and infrared
thermography.
The rocks utilised in the construction of the Ram temple would endure for more than
thousand years.

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 CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE 1 2
CERTIFICATE 2 3
DECLARATION 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5
ABSTRACT 6
CONTENTS 7
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1:- INTRODUCTION
1.1 About Ram Mandir
1.2 Details of Ram Mandir Construction Project
1.2.1 Project Information
1.3 Mandir Information
1.3.1 Geographical Location
1.3.2 The Main Temple
1.3.3 The Temple Complex
1.3.4 Other Architectural Facts
CHAPTER 2:- ENGINEERING BEHIND RAM MANDIR
2.1 Project Brief

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LIST OF FIGURES

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LIST OF TABLES

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 About Ram Mandir

The Ram Mandir is a partially constructed Hindu temple complex in Ayodhya, Uttar
Pradesh, India. Many Hindus believe that it is located at the site of Ram Janmabhoomi, the
mythical birthplace of Rama, a principal deity of Hinduism. The temple was inaugurated on
22 January 2024 after a prana pratishtha (consecration) ceremony.
The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra trust began the first phase of construction of the
Ram Mandir in March 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India caused a
temporary suspension of the construction. On 25 March 2020, Ram's idol was moved to a
temporary location in the presence of the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi
Adityanath. In preparation for the temple's construction, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP)
organised a 'Vijay Mahamantra Jaap Anushthan', in which individuals would gather at
different places to chant the 'Vijay Mahamantra' – Shri Ram, Jai Ram, Jai Jai Ram, on 6
April 2020. This was said to ensure "victory over hurdles" in constructing the temple.
It was officially announced by Champat Rai, the General Secretary of the Sri Ram
Janmbhoomi Kshetra Trust, that 22 January 2024 would be the scheduled date for the
installation of the Ram Lalla idol in the garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum). On 25 October
2023, a formal invitation was extended to Prime Minister Narendra Modi to attend the
ceremony.
In August 2021, a viewing location was created for the public to observe the construction
works in the temple site. Following the groundbreaking ceremony, up to 40 feet (12 m) of
debris were removed and the remaining earth compacted. The foundation was made
using roller-compacted concrete. A total of 47–48 layers, with each layer 1-foot (0.30 m)
high, were completed by mid-September 2021. Due to electricity supply issues in Mirzapur,
the cutting of the sandstone was slowed down. In early 2022, a video was released by the
temple trust, showing the planned construction of the temple in 3D along with other related
information.
In January 2023, two 60-million-year-old Shaligram rocks, 26 tonnes and 14 tonnes
respectively, were sent from the Gandaki river in Nepal. These rocks were used to carve the
idol of Ram Lalla in the sanctum sanctorum. In August 2023, according to the Shri Ram
Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust, 70% of the groundwork was completed and 40% of the
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roof work was completed. In December 2023, the entire base, along with the six smaller
temples that surround the main temple, which consists of the sanctum sanctorum, were
almost completed. For its consecration, only the ground floor was opened. The temple is
expected to be completed by the end of 2024.

Fig 1.1 Idol of Lord Ram

Fig 1.2 Shree Ram Mandir

1.2 Details of Ram Mandir Construction Project

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Shri Ram Mandir has captured the nation’s attention and is a masterpiece and a celebration
of engineering brilliance. In the heart of Ayodhya, our nation will be embarking on a journey
where devotion and engineering excellence will be witnessed.
Shri Ram Mandir has captured our interest, and it is also amazing that it showcases advanced
construction techniques.
1.2.1 Project Information:-

Chief Architect Chandrakant B. Sompura (CBS)

Construction Company Larsen and Toubro (L&T)
Project Management Tata Consulting Engineers
Company Limited (TCEL)
IIT Chennai, IIT Bombay, IIT Guwahati,
Design Advisors CBRI Roorkee, SVNIT Surat, NGRI Hyderabad
Arun Yogiraaj (Mysore), Ganesh Bhatt and Satyanarayan
Sculptors Pandey
Total area 70 Acre (70% green Area)
Temple area 2.77 Acre
Temple Dimension L:380 feet, W: 250 Ft, H: 161 Ft
3 Stories(Floors)
392 Pillars
Architectural Highlights 44 Doors

Construction Style Indian Nagara Style

2 Sewer Treatment Plants
1 Water Treatment Plant
Dedicated Power Supply
Table 1. Ram Mandir Information

1.3 Mandir Information

1.3.1 Geographical Location:-

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Q5WV+7Q Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh
Sai Nagar, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh 224123

Fig 1.3 Location of Ram Mandir in Map

1.3.2 The Main Temple:-

The main temple is built in Nagara Style.
The original design for Ram Mandir was developed in 1988 by the Sompura family of
Ahmedabad. However, in 2020, the old design was modified as per the Vastu Shastra and the
Shilpa Shastra.
This reflects a conscious effort to blend aesthetic grace with ancient wisdom.
The Sompura family has a rich legacy of temple craftsmanship and has been associated with
the design of some renowned Indian temples such as Somnath. Thus, their association brings
a sense of continuity to the architectural design of the Ram Mandir and adds a historical and
artistic dimension to it.

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The Mandir will have three stories (floors), with each story designed to give the devotees an
experience of the various stages of Lord Rama’s divine journey.
The ground floor of the temple has been designed to depict the story of the birth and
childhood of Lord Rama.
The first floor is designed like Lord Rama’s Darbaar.
The revered temple consists of a total of five Mandaps (Hall) – Nritya Mandap, Rang
Mandap, Sabha Mandap, Prarthna, and Kirtan Mandaps.

Fig 1.4 Information About Ram Mandir

The temple has a total of 44 doors, of which some will be coated with 100 kg gold.
The main entrance to the temple is called the Singh Dwar. This entrance features a series of
statues and busts of prominent characters from Ramayana.
The pillars as well as walls of the temple are adorned with statues of deities as well as
intricate carvings depicting India’s century-old history.
All along the parikrama path, 100 events from Valmiki’s Ramayana have been engraved on
the walkways and columns. The idea is to present Ram Katha Darshan.

1.3.3 The Temple Complex:-

The temple is surrounded by a rectangular compound wall, called Parkota.

The total length of this wall is 732 metres and its width is 14 feet.
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Along with the main Ram Mandir, the temple complex consists of several other religious
structures.
One temple has been built at each of the four corners of the compound. These temples are
dedicated to Surya Dev, Devi Bhagwati, Ganesh Bhagwan, and Lord Shiva.
The northern arm of the temple complex consists of a temple of Maa Annapurna and in the
southern arm, there is a temple of Lord Hanuman.
A historic well called Sita Koop is located near the temple. This dates back to the ancient era.
Some other temples proposed to be constructed within the temple complex are those
dedicated to Maharishi Vashishtha, Maharishi Valmiki, Maharishi Vishwamitra, Maharishi
Agastya, Nishad Raj, Devi Ahilya, and Mata Shabri.
Kuber Tila is located in the southwestern part of the complex. The ancient temple of Lord
Shiva located in this part has been restored. Also, a bronze idol of the Ramayana character
‘Jatayu’ has been installed here.
The temple complex consists of several independent infrastructures of its own
 A sewage treatment plant
 A water treatment plant
 A fire service
 An independent power station.
 A Pilgrims Facility Centre of 25,000 capacity to provide medical facilities and locker
facilities to the pilgrims.
 A separate block with a bathing area, washrooms, washbasin, open taps, etc.
Learning from the damage caused by lightning strikes to some old temples in Mathura and
Kashi, around 200 KA light arresters have been installed over the temple structure.
The temple complex includes a museum showcasing artifacts related to Lord Ram and the
Ramayana. Thus. more than just a religious center, the Ram Mandir has been envisioned as a
cultural and educational center as well.

1.3.4 Other Architectural Facts:-

A time capsule has been placed approximately 2,000 feet below the ground, right underneath
the temple. The capsule contains a copper plate inscribed with relevant information
regarding the Ram Mandir, Lord Rama, and Ayodhya.

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The purpose of this time capsule is to ensure that the identity of the temple remains intact
over time so that it doesn’t get forgotten in the future.
The temple is an earthquake-resistant structure, with an estimated age of 2500 years.
The idols are made up of 60 million years old Shaligram Rocks, brought from the Gandaki
River (Nepal)
The Bell is made of Ashtadhatu (Gold, Silver, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Tin, Iron, and Mercury)
The Bell weighs 2100 Kg
The sound of the bell can be heard up to a distance of 15 Km.

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