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Ch. 6 Systems of Equations and Inequalities
6.1 Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
1 Solve Systems of Equations by Substitution
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Verify that the values of the variables listed are solutions of the system of equations.
1)
4x + y = -6
3x + 4y = 2
x = -2, y = 2
A) solution B) not a solution
2)
x + y = -1
x-y=9
x = 4, y = -5
3)
x+y+ z=0
x - y + 2z = -2
5x + y + z = 20
x = 5, y = -1, z = -4
4)
x - y + 3z = 2
4x + z=2
x + 2y + z = 10
x = 0, y = 4, z =2
Solve the system of equations by using substitution.

x + 7y = 7
5) 5x - 2y = -2
A) x = 0, y = 1 B) x = 1, y = 0 C) x = 1, y = 1 D) x = 0, y = 0
3x + y = 13
6) 2x + 9y = -8
A) x = 5, y = -2 B) x = -5, y = 2 C) x = 5, y = 2 D) x = -5, y = -2
5x - 2y = -1
7) x + 4y = 35
A) x = 3, y = 8 B) x = 3, y = 9 C) x = 2, y = 8 D) x = 2, y = 9
5x + 3y = 80
8) 2x + y = 30
A) x = 10, y = 10 B) x = 0, y = 10 C) x = 10, y = 0 D) x = 0, y = 0
Page 1
x + 7y = -2
9) 3x + y = 34
A) x = 12, y = -2 B) x = -2, y = 3 C) x = 3, y = 7 D) x = 7, y = 12
2 Solve Systems of Equations by Elimination

Use the elimination method to solve the system.

1) x + y = -4
x - y = 18
A) x = 7, y = -11 B) x = 7, y = 11 C) x = 4, y = -11 D) x = 4, y = 7
2) 5x + 56y = 56
4x - 8y = -8
A) x = 0, y = 1 B) x = 1, y = 0 C) x = 1, y = 1 D) x = 0, y = 0
3) 2x + 20y = -90
12x + 4y = 40
A) x = 5, y = -5 B) x = -5, y = 5 C) x = 12, y = -12 D) x = -4, y = 5
Solve the problem.

4) A flat rectangular piece of aluminum has a perimeter of 58 inches. The length is 5 inches longer than the
width. Find the width.
A) 12 inches B) 17 inches C) 22 inches D) 29 inches
5) The Family Fine Arts Center charges $20 per adult and $14 per senior citizen for its performances. On a
recent weekend evening when 423 people paid admission, the total receipts were $6612. How many who
paid were senior citizens?
A) 308 senior citizens B) 115 senior citizens C) 218 senior citizens D) 205 senior citizens
6) A retired couple has $170,000 to invest to obtain annual income. They want some of it invested in safe
Certificates of Deposit yielding 7%. The rest they want to invest in AA bonds yielding 10% per year. How
much should they invest in each to realize exactly $15,800 per year?
A) $130,000 at 10% and $40,000 at 7% B) $130,000 at 7% and $40,000 at 10%
C) $120,000 at 7% and $50,000 at 10% D) $140,000 at 10% and $30,000 at 7%
7) A tour group split into two groups when waiting in line for food at a fast food counter. The first group
bought 8 slices of pizza and 5 soft drinks for $38.16. The second group bought 6 slices of pizza and 5 soft
drinks for $30.72. How much does one slice of pizza cost?
A) $3.72 per slice of pizza B) $1.68 per slice of pizza
C) $3.22 per slice of pizza D) $2.18 per slice of pizza
8) A movie theater charges $8.00 for adults and $5.00 for children. If there were 40 people altogether and the
theater collected $272.00 at the end of the day, how many of them were adults?
A) 24 adults B) 10 adults C) 16 adults D) 29 adults
9) An 8-cylinder Crown Victoria gives 18 miles per gallon in city driving and 21 miles per gallon in highway
driving. A 300-mile trip required 15.5 gallons of gasoline. How many whole miles were driven in the city?
A) 153 miles B) 147 miles C) 132 miles D) 168 miles
Page 2
3 Identify Inconsistent Systems of Equations Containing Two Variables
Solve the system.

x - 4y = -10
1) 2x - 8y = -17
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) (2, 3)
C) dependent (many solutions) D) (2, 4)
x + y = -1
2) x + y = -4
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) (-1, -4)
C) (0, -5) D) dependent (many solutions)
3x - 8y = -1
3) 3x - 8y = -5
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) (-1, -5)
1 5
C) - ,- D) consistent (many solutions)
8 3
7x - 8y = 2
4) 14x - 16y = 8
10 5
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) ,-
21 12
C) consistent (many solutions) D) (2, 4)
4 Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations Containing Two Variables

Solve the system.

1) 2x + y = 7
-6x - 3y = -21
A) y = -2x + 7, where x is any real number B) x = -2y + 7, where y is any real number
C) y = 2x + 7, where x is any real number D) inconsistent (no solution)
x + 3y = 9
2) 2x + 6y = 18
x
A) y = - + 3, where x is any real number B) (0, 0)
3
C) (9, 0) D) inconsistent (no solution)
Page 3
5 Solve Systems of Three Equations Containing Three Variables
Solve the system of equations.

x + y + z = -1
1) x - y + 3z = -19
5x + y + z = -9
A) x = -2, y = 5, z = -4 B) inconsistent (no solution)
C) x = -4, y = 5, z = -2 D) x = -4, y = -2, z = 5
x - y + 3z = 15
2) 5x + z = 4
x + 4y + z = -8
A) x = 0, y = -3, z = 4 B) inconsistent (no solution)
C) x = 4, y = -3, z = 0 D) x = 4, y = 0, z = -3
x - y + 5z = 4
3) 3x + z = 0
x + 4y + z = -16
A) x = 0, y = -4, z = 0 B) x = 0, y = 0, z = -4 C) Inconsistent, ∅ D) x = 0, y = -4, z = 4
x+y+ z=7
x - y + 2z = 7
4) 5x + y + z = 11
A) x = 1, y = 2, z = 4 B) x = 1, y = 4, z = 2 C) x = 4, y = 2, z = 1 D) x = 4, y = 1, z = 2
x-y+z=8
x+y+z=6
5) x + y - z = -12
A) x = -2, y = -1, z = 9 B) x = 2, y = -1, z = 9
C) x = -2, y = -1, z = -9 D) x = 2, y = -1, z =-9
Solve the problem.

6) The Family Arts Center charges $22 for adults, $13 for senior citizens, and $5 for children under 12 for
their live performances on Sunday afternoon. This past Sunday, the paid revenue was $8526 for 670 tickets
sold. There were 49 more children than adults. How many children attended?
A) 257 children B) 208 children C) 205 children D) 247 children
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
7) Lexie wants to have an income of $9000 per year from investments. To that end she is going to invest
$90,000 in three different accounts. These accounts pay 7%, 10%, and 14% simple interest. If she wants to
have $10,000 more in the account paying 7% simple interest than she has in the account paying 14% simple
interest, how much should go into each account?
8) Find real numbers a, b, and c such that the graph of the function y = ax2 + bx + c contains the points (1, 1),
(2, 4), and (-3, 29).
Page 4
9) A company has sales (measured in millions of dollars) of 50, 60, and 75 during the first three consecutive
years. Find a quadratic function that fits these data, and use the result to predict the sales during the
fourth year. Assume that the quadratic function is of the form y = ax2 + bx + c
5 5
A) y = x2 + x + 45; sales during the fourth year = $95 million
2 2
B) y = -5x2 + 40x + 15; sales during the fourth year = $95 million
15 25 325
C) y = x2 - x + ; sales during the fourth year = $151.25 million
2 2 4
D) y = 5x2 + 5x + 40; sales during the fourth year = $180 million
6 Identify Inconsistent Systems of Equations Containing Three Variables


x + y + z = -4
1) x - y + 5z = -2
5x + 5y + 5z = 8
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) x = -2, y = -5, z = 3
C) x = -2, y = 3, z = -5 D) x = 3, y = -5, z = -2
x - y + 3z = -1
2) 5x + z =0
-x + y - 3z = 4
A) inconsistent (no solution) B) x = 3, y = 1, z = 0
C) x = 0, y = 0, z = 1 D) x = 0, y = 1, z = 0
7 Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations Containing Three Variables

x + 4y - z = 3
1) x + 5y - 2z = 5
3x + 12y - 3z = 9
A) x = -3z - 5 B) x = z - 2
y=z+2 y = -3z - 5
z = any real number z = any real number
C) x = 3z + 5 D) inconsistent (no solution)
y=z-2
z = any real number
-x + y + 2z = 0
2) x + 2y + z = 6
-2x - y + z = -6
A) x = z + 2 B) inconsistent (no solution)
y=2-z
z = any real number
C) x = z + 2 D) x = 2 - z
y=z-2 y=z+2
Page 5
2x - y + 5z = -7
3) x + y - 2z = -2
x - y + 4z = 8
A) x = -3 - z B) inconsistent (no solution)
y = 3z + 1
z = any real number
C) x = z + 3 D) x = 3z + 1
y = 3z + 1 y=z-3
6.2 Systems of Linear Equations: Matrices

1 Write the Augmented Matrix of a System of Linear Equations
Write the augmented matrix for the system.

1) 4x + 9y = 81
3x - 2y = 17
A) 4 9 81 B) 81 9 4 C) 4 3 81 D) 4 9 17
3 -2 17 17 3 -2 9 -2 17 -2 3 81
2) 2x - 2y = 0
9y = 27
A) 2 -2 0 B) 2 -2 0 C) 9 0 27 D) 0 -2 2
0 9 27 9 27 0 2 -2 -2 27 0 9
4x +7y +5z = 70
3) 5x +4y +5z = 68
6x +6y +6z = 84
4 7 5 70 475 4 5 6 70 70 5 7 4
A) 5 4 5 68 B) 5 4 5 C) 7 4 6 68 D) 68 5 4 5
6 6 6 84 666 5 5 6 84 84 6 6 6
-2x +5z = -3
4) 6y +4z = 66
6x -2y +5z = 51
-2 0 5 -3 -2 0 6 -3 -2 5 0 -3 -2 0 5
A) 0 6 4 66 B) 0 6 -2 66 C) 6 4 0 66 D) 0 64
6 -2 5 51 5 4 5 51 6 -2 5 51 6 -2 5
2 Write the System of Equations from the Augmented Matrix

Write the system of equations associated with the augmented matrix. Do not solve.
1) 9 7 8
-5 9 -3
9x + 7y = 8 9x + 7y = 0 7x + 9y = 8 9x + 7y = 8
A) -5x + 9y = -3 B) -5x + 9y = 0 C) -5x + 9y = -3 D) 9x - 5y = -3
Page 6
2) 2 17 20
18 8 13
2x + 17y = 20 2x + 17y = -20 17x + 2y = 20 2x + 17y = 20
A) 18x + 8y = 13 B) 18x + 8y = -13 C) 18x + 8y = 13 D) 8x + 18y = 13
1 0 0 -1
3) 0 1 0 3
0 0 1 -6
x = -1 x=1 x=0 x=5
A) y = 3 B) y = -3 C) y = 2 D) y = 9
z = -6 z=6 z = -7 z=0
3 -5 6 7
4) 5 4 0 2
9 0 -3 9
A) B)
3x - 5y + 6z = 7 3x - 5y + 6z = 7
5x + 4y =2 5x + 4y + 2z = 0
9x - 3z = 9 9x - 3y + 9z = 0
C) D)
3x - 5y + 6z = 7 3x - 5y + 6z = 7
5x + 4z = 2 5x + 4y =2
9x - 3y =9 9x - 3y =9
5 4 7 -2
5) 4 0 8 4
3 9 0 2
5x + 4y + 7z = -2 5x - 4y + 7z = -2 5x + 4y + 7z = -2
A) 4x + 8z = 4 B) 4x + 8z = -4 C) 4x + 8z = 4
+
3x 9y = 2 +
3x 9y = -2 3x + 9z = 2
3 Perform Row Operations on a Matrix

Perform the row operation(s) on the given augmented matrix.

1
1) R1 = r1
2
2 4 8
4 2 -5
1 2 4
A) 1 2 4 B) 2 1 - 5 C) 1 2 4 D) 1 2 8
4 2 -5 2 5 4 -1 4 2 -5
2) R2 = 2r1 + r2
1 5 10
-2 2 -6
A) 1 5 10 B) 1 5 10 C) 2 10 20 D) 2 10 20
0 12 14 0 -8 -26 0 12 14 -2 2 -6
Page 7
3) R3 = 4r1 + r3
-7 -5 -1 -10
6 -2 9 5
28 -6 6 18
4) R2 = -2r2 + r1
2 4 6 -8
1 2 3 6
4 6 7 1
2 4 6 -8 2 4 6 -8 2 4 6 -8 2 4 6 -8
A) 0 0 0 -20 B) 0 0 0 0 C) -4 -8 -12 6 D) -4 -8 -12 -20
4 6 7 1 4 6 7 1 4 6 7 1 4 6 7 1
5) (a) R2 = -5r1 + r2
(b) R3 = -4r1 + r3
(c) R3 = 4r2 + r3
1 -3 -5 -2
5 -5 -4 5
4 5 4 6
1 -3 -5 -2 1 -3 -5 -2 1 -3 -5 -2 1 -3 -5 -2
A) 0 10 21 15 B) 0 -8 -9 3 C) 0 10 21 15 D) 0 20 29 10
0 57 108 74 0 -15 -12 2 0 27 45 29 0 97 140 54
6) (a) R2 = -4r1 + r2
(b) R3 = 2r1 + r3
(c) R3 = 3r2 + r3
1 -3 -5 2
4 -5 2 5
-2 -5 4 6
1 -3 -5 2 1 -3 -5 2 1 -3 -5 2 1 -3 -5 2
A) 0 7 22 -3 B) 0 7 22 -3 C) 0 7 22 -3 D) 0 17 22 -3
0 10 60 1 0 -62 -60 1 0 22 80 1 0 6 16 7
4 Solve a System of Linear Equations Using Matrices

Solve each system of equations using matrices (row operations). If the system has no solution, say that it is
inconsistent.
1) 3x + 5y = 13
6x + 8y = 16
A) x = -4, y = 5 B) x = 5, y = -4 C) x = -4, y = -5 D) Inconsistent
Page 8
2)
2x - 3y = 1
-4x + 6y = 7
A) x = 2, y = 7 B) x = 1, y = 7 C) x = 2, y = 2 D) Inconsistent
2x + 6y - z = 61
3) x + 6y + 8z = 83
6x + y + z = 42
A) x = 5, y = 9, z = 3 B) x = 5, y = 3, z = 9
C) x = -5, y = 9, z = 10 D) Inconsistent
6x - y - 3z = 26
4) 8x - 5z = 43
9y + z = 64
A) x = 6, y = 7, z = 1 B) x = 6, y = 1, z = 7
C) x = -6, y = 7, z = 12 D) Inconsistent
5) x - y + 2z + w = 3
y+z=2
z-w =5
A) {(-10 - 4w, -3 - w, 5 + w, w)} B) ∅
C) {(-10, -3, 5, w)} D) {(-14, -4, 6, 1)}
6) x + 3y - 2z - w = 13
4x + y + z + 2w = 18
-3x - y - 3z - 2w = -10
x - y - 3z -2w = 6
A) {(4, 2, -2, 1)} B) {(13, 18, -10, 6)}
C) {(4 + w, 2 - 2w, -2 + 2w, w)} D) {(3, 4, -6, 3)}
Solve the problem using matrices.

7) Find the function f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d for which f(0) = -2, f(1) = 5, f(-1) = 3,
f(2) = 4.
10 13
A) f(x) = - x3 + 6x2 + x-2 B) f(x) = 10x3 - 18x2 - 13x + 6
3 3
8 5
C) f(x) = x3 + 4x2 + x - 2 D) f(x) = -8x3 +12x2 + 5x - 6
3 3
8) Find real numbers a, b, and c such that the graph of the function y = ax2 + bx + c contains the points (-2,
-4), (1, -1), and (3, -19).
9) Melody has $45,000 to invest and wishes to receive an annual income of $4290 from this money. She has
chosen investments that pay 5%, 8%, and 12% simple interest. Melody wants to have the amount invested
at 12% to be double the amount invested at 8%. How much should she invest at each rate?
Page 9
10) A company manufactures three types of wooden chairs: the Kitui, the Goa, and the Santa Fe. To make a
Kitui chair requires 1 hour of cutting time, 1.5 hours of assembly time, and 1 hour of finishing time. A Goa
chair requires 1.5 hours of cutting time, 2.5 hours of assembly time and 2 hours of finishing time. A Santa
Fe chair requires 1.5 hours of cutting time, 3 hours of assembly time, and 3 hours of finishing time. If 41
hours of cutting time, 70 hours of assembly time, and 58 hours of finishing time were used one week, how
many of each type of chair were produced?
6.3 Systems of Linear Equations: Determinants

1 Evaluate 2 by 2 Determinants
Find the value of the determinant.

1) 7 2
89
A) 47 B) 79 C) -47 D) -58
2) 7 -2
-1 9
A) 61 B) 65 C) -61 D) -5
3) 1 3
31
A) -8 B) 10 C) 8 D) 0
4) 12 -7
-4 3
A) 8 B) 64 C) -8 D) 4
Solve for x.
5) 8 x = 32
2 5
2 Use Cramerʹs Rule to Solve a System of Two Equations Containing Two Variables
Use Cramerʹs rule to solve the linear system.

1) 6x + 6y = 6
4x + y = -5
A) x = -2, y = 3 B) x = 3, y = -2 C) x = -3, y = -2 D) x = 2, y = -3
2) 4x + 4y = 44
3x + 5y = 45
A) x = 5, y = 6 B) x = 6, y = 5 C) x = -6, y = 5 D) x = -5, y = -6
3) 3x + 2y = 31
3x - 3y = -9
A) x = 5, y = 8 B) x = 8, y = 5 C) x = -8, y = 5 D) x = -5, y = -8
Page 10
4) 4x - 7y = 5
2x + 5y = -3
2 11 23 11 2 11 2 1
A) x = ,y=- B) x = ,y=- C) x = - ,y= D) x = , y =
17 17 3 3 17 17 3 3
Find the value of the determinant.

-3 5 2
1) 5 -2 -3
3 -2 -3
A) 112 B) 22 C) -22 D) -188
435
2) 4 4 3
265
A) 46 B) 390 C) -46 D) 10
-2 5 4
3) 3 -2 1
1 6 -3
A) 130 B) 80 C) -90 D) -12
Solve for x.
x -4 -1
4) -2 2 0 = 10
-1 -2 8
Solve the problem.

x y 1
5) The equation of the line passing through the distinct points (x1 , y 1 ) and (x2 , y 2 ) is given by x1 y 1 1 =
x 2 y2 1
0. Find the equation of the line passing through the points (3, 5) and ( -1, 4).
A) x - 4y + 17 = 0 B) x + 7y + 17 = 0 C) -x + 4y - 17 = 0 D) x + 4y + 17 = 0
4 Use Cramerʹs Rule to Solve a System of Three Equations Containing Three Variables
Use Cramerʹs rule to solve the linear system.

8x - 2y - z = 47
1) x + 8y - 5z = 28
9x + y + z = 98
A) x = 9, y = 8, z = 9 B) x = 8, y = 9, z = 8
C) x = 9, y = -8, z = -9 D) x = 10, y = 6, z = 9
Page 11
7x - 3y - 8z = -37
2) -8x + 6y + 5z = 20
-9x - 2y - 6z = -56
A) x = 2, y = 1, z = 6 B) x = 1, y = 6, z = 1
C) x = 2, y = -1, z = -6 D) x = 3, y = -1, z = 6
-3x + 3z = 9
3) 7x + 5y - 5z = 5
-6x - 7y = -44
A) x = 5, y = 2, z = 8 B) x = 2, y = 8, z = 2
C) x = 5, y = -2, z = -8 D) x = 6, y = 0, z = 8
5 Know Properties of Determinants

Use the properties of determinants to find the value of the second determinant, given the value of the first.
x y z 1 -2 4
1) u v w = 119 u v w = ?
1 -2 4 x y z
A) -119 B) 119 C) 0 D) Cannot determine
xy z x y z
2) u v w = 5 u vw =?
1 1 -3 -3 -3 9
A) -15 B) -5 C) 15 D) 5
x y z uv w
3) u v w = -26 -3 9 -9 = ?
1 -3 3 xy z
A) 78 B) -78 C) 26 D) -26
xy z 1 3 3
4) u v w = -22 -2u -2v -2w = ?
13 3 x-1y-3z-3
A) -44 B) 22 C) 44 D) -22
xy z xy z-x
5) u v w = 22 uvw-u =?
12 1 12 0
A) 22 B) -22 C) 0 D) Cannot determine
x y z x-3 y+6 z+6

6) u v w = -13 -3u - 1 -3v + 2 -3w + 2 = ?
1 -2 -2 1 -2 -2
A) 39 B) 13 C) -39 D) -13
s t u 32 - s 16 - t 64 - u
7) Given v w x = 3, find the value of v w x .
4 2 8 4 2 8
A) 3 B) -24 C) 24 D) -3
Page 12
Solve the problem.
x y z 2 4 5
8) Given that a b c = 3, find the value of the determinant 3a 3b 3c .
2 4 5 x-2 y-4 z-5
A) -9 B) 9 C) 0 D) 6
6.4 Matrix Algebra

1 Find the Sum and Difference of Two Matrices
Perform the indicated operation, whenever possible.

2 -1 -2 5
1) -8 -5 + 8 8
4 4 2 -1
04 4 -6 0 4 0 -5
A) 0 3 B) -16 -13 C) 0 -5 D) 0 3
63 2 -3 6 -3 6 3
2) -1 0 - -1 6
63 31
A) 0 -6 B) -2 6 C) 0 6 D) [-1]
3 2 94 -3 -2
7 -4 8 -2 -6 -1
3) Let A = -6 5 -1 and B = -7 -4 3 . Find A - B.
0 6 -3 -3 -9 -5
9 2 9 9 2 9 5 -10 7 5 -10 7
A) 1 9 -4 B) 1 9 2 C) -13 1 -8 D) -13 1 2
3 15 2 3 15 -4 -3 -3 2 -3 -3 -8
-4 6 7 6 10 - 4
4) Let A = 3 -5 12 and B = -5 6 - 8 . Find A - B.
7 -11 14 3 11 7
-10 -4 11 2 16 3 -10 -4 3 10 4 -11

A) 8 -11 20 B) -2 1 4 C) -2 -11 4 D) -8 11 -20
4 -22 7 10 0 21 4 -22 7 -4 22 -7
2 Find Scalar Multiples of a Matrix

Perform the indicated matrix operations.

1) Let A = -3 5 . Find 4A.
02
A) -12 20 B) -12 20 C) -12 5 D) 1 9

0 8 0 2 02 46
Page 13
2) Let B = -1 1 7 -3 . Find -2B.
A) 2 -2 -14 6 B) 2 1 7 -3 C) -2 2 14 -6 D) -3 -1 5 -5
3) Let A = 1 3 and B = 0 4 . Find 4A + B.

26 -1 6
A) 4 16 B) 4 28 C) 4 16 D) 4 7
7 30 4 48 1 12 7 12
1 -1
4) Let C = -3 and D = 3 . Find C - 4D.
2 -2
5 -3 -5 5
A) -15 B) 9 C) 15 D) -6
10 -6 -10 4
5) Let A = -4 2 and B = 1 0 . Find 2A + 3B.

A) -5 4 B) -8 4 C) -7 4 D) -1 2
2 7 -9 -5 5 5
6) Let A = -3 -5 2 and B = -3 -9 8 . Find 2A + 2B.
-5 9 9 1 -8 -7
-6 24 -8 -1 19 -13 -3 12 -4 -3 -6 -4
A) -12 -28 20 B) -9 -19 12 C) -6 -14 10 D) 12 -14 1
-8 2 4 -9 10 11 -4 1 2 -4 10 2
3 Find the Product of Two Matrices

Perform the matrix multiplication.

1 2
1) Let A = 0 -3 1 and B = 0 1 . Find AB.
5 -1 0
1 -1
0 10 10 -5 1
A) 1 -4 B) 1 5 C) 0 -1 D) 5 -1 0
5 9 -4 9
0 0 -5 -2 0
-2
2) Let A = 1 and B = 1 -1 0 . Find AB.
-1
Page 14
3) Let A = -2 3 and B = -2 0 . Find AB.

32 -1 5
A) 1 15 B) 4 0 C) 4 -6 D) 15 1
-8 10 -3 10 -4 7 10 -8
2 -2 -4
4) Let A = 1 -6 -1 and B = 4 -3 5 . Find AB.
8 -1 -7
-9 -7 -7
1 -6 -1
-13 75 8 -1 -7 2 12 4
A) -13 23 -27 B) 23 36 C) 2 -1 -7 D) 32 3 -35
75 36 12
-27 12 4 -3 5 -72 7 49
-9 -9 -7
Perform the indicated operations and simplify.

7 -9 0
5) Let A = 3 -4 , B = 5 -2 8 , and C =
3 -5 1 . Find AB + BC.
-2 5 1 0 -3
-1 6 2
A) 32 7 50 B) 68 3 31 C) 32 19 40 D) -10 -19 12
5 -23 -37 8 -2 -5 -15 31 -37 -15 31 -25
4 Find the Inverse of a Matrix

Find the inverse of the matrix.

1) 0 5
1 -2
2 2 1
1 -1 0 0 1
5 5 5
A) 1 B) 1 C) 2 D) 1 2
0 - 0 1 5 5
5 5 5
2) 5 1
6 -2
1 1 1 1 3 5 5 1
- - -
8 16 8 16 8 16 16 16
A) 3 5 B) 3 5 C) 1 1 D) 3 1
- - -
8 16 8 16 8 16 8 8
3) 3 0
5 6
1 1 1
0 0 0
3 3 6
A) 5 1 B) 5 1 C) 5 1 D) No inverse
- -
18 6 18 6 18 3
Page 15
4) 54
-5 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
0- 0 -
5 5 4 4 4 5
A) 1 1 B) 1 1 C) 1 D) 1
- 0- 0
4 4 4 4 5 4
5) -5 -2
0 -2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - 0 - -
5 5 5 5 2 2 5
A) 1 B) 1 C) 1 1 D) 1
0 - 0 - - 0-
2 2 5 5 5
6) 2 -4
-3 6
3 2 3 2 3 1
-
5 5 5 5 10 5
A) No inverse B) 3 1 C) 3 1 D) 3 2
-
10 5 10 5 5 5
7) -5 2
5 4
2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
- - -
15 15 15 15 6 6 6 15
A) 1 1 B) 1 1 C) 2 1 D) 1 2
- - -
6 6 6 6 15 15 6 15
1 0 0
8) 1 1 0
0 2 1
1 00 1 0 0 1 2 -2 1 0 0
A) -1 1 0 B) 1 1 0 C) 0 1 1 D) 2 -1 0
2 -2 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 -2 1 1
100
9) -1 1 0
111
1 0 0 111 1 -1 1 -1 0 0
A) 1 1 0 B) 0 1 1 C) 0 1 -1 D) -1 -1 0
-2 -1 1 001 0 0 1 -1 -1 -1
111
10) 2 1 1
223
1 1 1
1
-1 1 0 -1 -1 -1 1 1
2
A) 4 -1 -1 B) -2 -1 -1 C) D) No inverse
1 1 1
-2 0 1 -2 -2 -3
2 2 3
Page 16
1 3 2
11) 1 3 3
2 7 8
1 1
1
3 2
-3 10 -3 -1 -3 -2 1 1
1
A) 2 -4 1 B) -1 -3 -3 C) 3 3 D) No inverse
-1 1 0 -2 -7 -8 1 1 1
2 7 8
108
12) 1 2 3
253
9 -40 16 112 -1 0 -8
A) -3 13 -5 B) 0 2 5 C) -1 -2 -3 D) No inverse
-1 5 -2 833 -2 -5 -3
2 -4 4
13) 2 -3 7
4 -7 11
2 2 4 1 0 8 1 08
A) No inverse B) -4 -3 -7 C) 0 1 3 D) 0 1 3
4 7 11 0 0 0 0 00
Show that the matrix has no inverse.

14) A = 14 -4
-7 2
Use a graphing utility to find the inverse of the matrix, if it exists. Round answers to two decimal places, if
necessary.
-16 3 28
15) 5 -14 15
34 25 2
-0.02 0.03 0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.01
A) 0.02 -0.04 0.02 B) 0.02 -0.03 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01
-0.01 0.03 0.02 -0.02 0.03 0.02
C) 0.02 -0.03 0.01 D) 0.02 -0.04 0.01
0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00
Page 17
1 -9 0 0
16) 0 1 -2 0
0 0 1 -2
0 0 0 1
1 9 18 36 1 2 -4 36 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
A) 0 1 2 4 B) 0 1 2 -18 C) 2 1 0 0 D) 9 1 0 0
0 0 1 2 0 0 1 9 -4 2 1 0 18 2 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 36 -18 9 1 18 4 2 1
5 Solve a System of Linear Equations Using an Inverse Matrix

Solve the system using the inverse method.

1) -2x - 6y = -2
2x - y = -5
A) x = -2, y = 1 B) x = 1, y = -2 C) x = 2, y = -1 D) x = -1, y = 2
2) x + 3y = -8
14x + 4y = 2
A) x = 1, y = -3 B) x = -3, y = 1 C) x = -1, y = 3 D) x = 3, y = -1
x + 2y + 3z = 11
3) x + y + z = -3
2x + 2y + z = 1
A) x = -24, y = 28, z = -7 B) x = -14, y = 61, z = 4
C) x = 44, y = 6, z = 1 D) x = 0, y = -2, z = -5
x + 2y + 3z = 11
4) x + y + z = -6
x - 2z = 1
A) x = -47, y = 65, z = -24 B) x = -41, y = 76, z = -24
C) x = 11, y = 0, z = 0 D) x = -1, y = 5, z = 0
x + 2y + 3z = 5
5) x + y + z = -10
-x + y + 2z = -9
A) x = 24, y = -83, z = 49 B) x = 17, y = -28, z = -16
C) x = 5, y = -40, z = 18 D) x = -14, y = -53, z = -29
2x + 4y - 5z = -8
x + 5y + 2z = -1
6) 3x + 3y + 3z = 15
A) x = 5, y = -2, z = 2 B) x = 2, y = 5, z = 2
C) x = 5, y = 2, z = -2 D) x = -5, y = -2, z = -2
Page 18
6.5 Partial Fraction Decomposition
1 Decompose P/Q, Where Q Has Only Nonrepeated Linear Factors
Tell whether the given rational expression is proper or improper.

x2 - 11x + 30
1)
(x 2 - 14x + 49)(x + 7)
A) Proper B) Improper
x3 - 6x + 9
2)
x2 - 14x + 48
A) Improper B) Proper
Write the partial fraction decomposition of the rational expression.

x-6
3)
(x - 4)(x - 5)
2 -1 -1 2 2 1 1 -2
A) + B) + C) + D) +
x-4 x-5 x-4 x-5 x-4 x-5 x-4 x-5
7x - 26
4)
(x + 2)(x - 3)
8 1 8 1 1 8 7 26
A) - B) + C) - D) -
x+2 x-3 x+2 x-3 x-3 x+2 x+2 x-3
4x2 - x - 17
5)
x(x + 1)(x - 1)
17 -6 -7 17 6 -7 17 -6 7 17 -7 6
A) + + B) + + C) + + D) + +
x x+1 x-1 x x+1 x-1 x x+1 x-1 x x+1 x-1
12x2 + 162x + 384

6)
(x + 8)(x + 2)(x + 11)
8 2 2 8 2 2
A) + + B) - - -
x + 8 x + 2 x + 11 x + 8 x + 2 x + 11
8 2 2 8 2 2
C) - + + D) + -
x + 8 x + 2 x + 11 x + 8 x + 2 x + 11
2x - 5
7)
2
x - 5x - 6
1 1 1 1 9 1 17 3
A) + B) + C) + D) -
x-6 x+1 x-3 x-2 x+2 x-3 x+6 x-1
Page 19
2 Decompose P/Q, Where Q Has Repeated Linear Factors

-8x2 - 17x - 7
1)
(x + 2)(x + 1) 2
-5 -3 2 5 -3 -2
A) + + B) + +
x + 2 x + 1 (x + 1) 2 x + 2 x + 1 (x + 1) 2
-5 3 2 2 -3 5
C) + + D) + +
x + 2 x + 1 (x + 1) 2 x + 2 x + 1 (x + 1) 2
x+3
2)
x3 - 2x2 + x
3 -3 4 3 4 -3
A) + + B) + +
-
x x 1 (x - 1) 2 -
x x 1 (x - 1) 2
3 -3 7 -3 3 4
C) + + D) + +
x x - 1 (x - 1) 2 x x - 1 (x - 1) 2
x+1
3)
(x - 2) 2 (x + 4)
1 1 1 1 1
- -
12 2 12 2 12
A) + + B) +
x-2 (x - 2) 2 x+4 (x - 2) 2 x+4
1 1
x -
-1 4 4 12 2 -12
C) + + D) + +
x-2 (x - 2) 2 x+4 x-2 (x - 2) 2 x+4
7x3 - 2
4)
x2 (x + 1) 3
3 Decompose P/Q, Where Q Has a Nonrepeated Irreducible Quadratic Factor


8x + 1
1)
(x - 1)(x2 + x + 1)
3 -3x + 2 3 -3 2
A) + B) + +
x - 1 x2 + x + 1 x-1 x+1 x-1
-3 3x + 2 3 2x - 3
C) + D) +
x - 1 x2 + x + 1 x - 1 x2 + x + 1
Page 20
x2 - 111
2)
x4 - x2 - 72
1 1 7 1 1 7
A) - + B) + -
x + 3 x - 3 x2 + 8 x + 3 x - 3 x2 + 8
1 1 7 1 1 7
C) - - D) + +
x + 3 x - 3 x2 + 8 x + 3 x - 3 x2 + 8
3x - 2
3)
x3 - 1
1 1 7
- x+
3 3 3 3 1
A) + B) +
x-1 (x2 + x + 1) (x - 1) 2 (x - 1) 3
1 5
3 -3(x - 7) 2 2
C) + D) +
x-1 x2 + x + 1 x-1 x+1
x2 - 56
4)
x4 + 5x2 - 36
4 Decompose P/Q, Where Q Has a Repeated Irreducible Quadratic Factor


4x3 + 4x2
1)
2
(x2 + 5)
4x + 4 -20x - 20 4x - 4 -20x + 20 4x + 4 20x + 20 4x + 4 20x - 20
A) + B) + C) + D) +
x2 + 5 (x2 + 5) 2 x2 + 5 (x2 + 5) 2 x2 + 5 (x2 + 5) 2 x2 + 5 (x2 + 5) 2
6x3 - 2x2 + 6x - 10
2)
3
(x2 + 2)
6x - 2 -6x - 6 x+1 6x - 2 -6x - 6
A) + B) + +
2 3 x2 + 2 (x2 + 2)2 (x2 + 2)3
(x2 + 2) (x2 + 2)
6x + 2 -6x + 6 x 6x - 2 -6x - 6
C) + D) + +
2 3 2
x + 2 (x2 + 2) 2 3
(x2 + 2) (x2 + 2) (x2 + 2)
Page 21
6.6 Systems of Nonlinear Equations
1 Solve a System of Nonlinear Equations Using Substitution
Solve the system of equations using substitution.

1)
x2 + y 2 = 25
x + y = 7
A) x = 4, y = 3; x = 3, y = 4 B) x = -4, y = 3; x = -3, y = 4
C) x = 4, y = -3; x = 3, y = -4 D) x = -4, y = -3; x = -3, y = -4
2)
xy = 6
x + y = -5
A) x = -2, y = -3; x = -3, y = -2 B) x = 2, y = -3; x = 3, y = -2
C) x = -2, y = 3; x = -3, y = 2 D) x = 2, y = 3; x = 3, y = 2
3)
x2 + y2 = 25
x - y = 1
A) x = 4, y = 3; x = -3, y = -4 B) x = -4, y = 3; x = -3, y = 4
C) x = 4, y = -3; x = 3, y = -4 D) x = -4, y = -3; x = -3, y = -4
4)
y = x2 - 10x + 25
x + y = 11
A) x = 7, y = 4; x = 2, y = 9 B) x = -7, y = 18; x = -2, y = 13
C) x = 5, y = 6 D) x = 7, y = 18; x = 2, y = 9
5)
y = x2 - 3
x2 + y 2 = 5
A) x = -2, y = 1; x = -1, y = -2; x = 1, y = -2; x = 2, y = 1
B) x = -1, y = -2; x = 1, y = -2
C) x = -2, y = 1; x = 2, y = 1
D) x = 1, y = -2; x = 4, y = 13
6)
x2 + y 2 = 4
x + y =2
A) x = 0, y = 2; x = 2, y = 0 B) x = 0, y = 0; x = 2, y = -2
C) x = 0, y = -2; x = -2, y = 0 D) x = 2, y = -2; x = -2, y = -2
7)
xy = 20
x+y= 9
A) x = 5, y = 4; x = 4, y = 5 B) x = 6, y = 3; x = 3, y = 6
C) x = 10, y = 2; x = 2, y =10 D) x = 20, y = 1; x = 1, y = 20
Page 22
8)
x2 + y2 = 169
x + y = 17
A) x = 12, y = 5; x = 5, y = 12 B) x = -12, y = 5; x = -5, y = 12
C) x = 12, y = -5; x = 5, y = -12 D) x =-12, y = -5; x = -5, y = -12
9)
xy - x2 = -20
x - 2y = 3
11 11
A) x = 5, y = 1; x = -8, y = - B) x = -5, y = -1; x = 8, y =
2 2
11 11
C) x = 5, y = 1; x = - , y = -8 D) x = -5, y = -1; x = ,y=8
2 2
10)
x2 - y2 = 39
x - y = 3
A) x = 8, y = 5 B) x = 8, y = -5 C) x = -8, y = 5 D) x = -8, y = -5
11)
y = 6x2 - 5x
y = 2x + 3
3 1 7 1 11 3
A) x = , y = 6; x = - , y = - B) x = , y = ; x = - , y = 0
2 3 3 3 3 2
1 10 1
C) x = , y = ; x = 1, y = 5 D) x = - , y = 2; x = 1, y = 5
6 3 2
12)
ln x = 3ln y
3 x = 27y
A) x = 3 3, y = 3 B) x = 3, y = 3 3 C) x = 9, y = 3 D) x = 3, y = 9
2 Solve a System of Nonlinear Equations Using Elimination
Solve the system of equations using elimination.

1)
x2 + y2 = 61
x2 - y2 = -11
A) x = 5, y = 6; x = -5, y = 6; x = 5, y = -6; x = -5, y = -6
B) x = 5, y = 6; x = 6, y = 5; x = -5, y = -6; x = -6, y = -5
C) x = 5, y = -6; x = 5, y = 6
D) x = -5, y = -6; x = -6, y = -5
Page 23
2)
4x2 - 3y 2 = -11
3x2 + 3y 2 = 39
A) x = 2, y = 3; x = -2, y = 3 ; x = 2, y = -3; x = -2, y = -3
B) x = 2, y = 3; x = 3, y = 2; x = -2, y = -3; x = -3, y = -2
C) x = 2, y = -3; x = 2, y = 3
D) x = -2, y = -3; x = -3, y = -2
3)
x2 + y 2 = 9
x2 - y 2 = 9
A) x = 3, y = 0; x = -3, y = 0 B) x = 3, y = 3; x = -3, y = 3
C) x = 3, y = 0; x = 3, y = 3 D) x = -3, y = 0; x = -3, y = 3
4)
x2 + y 2 = 64
x2 y 2
+ =1
64 9
A) x = -8, y= 0; x = 8, y = 0 B) x = 0, y= -8; x = 0, y = 8
C) x = 0, y= -3; x = 0, y = 3 D) inconsistent
5)
3x2 + 2y 2 = 89
x2 - 2y 2 = -21
6)
2x 2 + y2 = 17
3x2 - 2y2 = -6
A) x = 2, y = 3; x = 2, y = -3; x = -2, y = 3; x = -2, y = -3
B) x= 1, y = 3; x = 1, y = -3; x = -1, y = 3; x = -1, y = -3
C) x = 2, y = -3; x = -2, y = 3
D) x = 1, y = 3; x = -1, y= -3
7)
2x2 + xy - y2 = 3
x2 + 2xy + y2 = 3
2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3
A) x = ,y= ; x=- ,y=- B) x = ,y=- ; x=- ,y=
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 1
C) x = - ,y= ; x= , y =- D) x = - , y= - ; x = ,y=
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Page 24
3 Demonstrate Additional Understanding and Skills
Which method should be used to solve the system? Explain your answer, including a description of the first step.
1) x2 + y2 = 1
x + 2y = 1
2) x2 - y2 = 9
-2x - y = 6
3) x2 - 10y 2 = 16
-8x2 + 7y 2 = 4
4) x2 + y2 = 16
10x - 5y = 10
5) 9x2 + 6y 2 = 16
x - 7y = -4
6) -9x2 + y2 = 64
-5x2 + 7y 2 = 4
7) -4x2 + 3y 2 = 16
-10x - 10y = 8
8) 10x2 + 8y 2 = 9
9x2 - 9y 2 = 81
Use a graphing utility to solve the system of equations. Express the solution rounded to two decimal places.
3x3 + y 2 = 6
9)
x4 y = 2
A) x = 1.18, y = 1.03; x = 1.07, y = 1.52; x = -0.91, y = 2.88
B) x = 1.99, y = 0.13; x = 1.04, y = 1.70; x = -0.91, y = 2.95
C) x = 1.81, y = 0.28; x = 0.20, y = 2.45; x = -0.20, y = -2.45
D) no solution
10)
x3 + y 2 = 2
x2y = 4
A) x = -1.37, y = 2.14 B) x = 2.14, y = 1.37 C) x = 1.37, y = 2.14 D) x = 2.14, y = -1.37
Page 25
The graph of two equations along with the points of intersection are given. Substitute the points of intersection
into the systems of equations. Are the points of intersection solutions to the system of equations (Y/N)?
11)
y
35
30
(-5, 26)
25
20
15
(3, 10)
10
5
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-5
x2 = y -1
y = -2x + 16
A) Yes B) No
12)
y
(-8.4, 136.6)
100
50
(1.4, -0.6)
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-50
2x2 = y + 5
y = -14x + 19
A) Yes B) No
Page 26
13)
y
7
6
5 (3, 4)
4
3
2
(-5, 0) 1
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
x2 + y 2 = 25
2y + x = 5
A) No B) Yes
14)
y
7
(-4, 6) 6
5
4
3
2
1
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6 (4, -6)
-7
x2 + y 2 = 52
2y+3x = 0
A) Yes B) No
Solve the problem.

15) The sum of the squares of two numbers is 5. The sum of the two numbers is 1. Find the two numbers.
A) -1 and 2 B) -1 and 2; or -2 and 1
C) -2 and 1 D) 1 and 2; or -2 and -1
16) The sum of the squares of two numbers is 29. The difference of the two numbers is 3. Find the two
numbers.
A) -5 and -2; or 2 and 5 B) -5 and -2
C) 2 and 5 D) -5 and 2; or -2 and 5
17) The difference of two numbers is 5 and the difference of their squares is 55. Find the numbers.
18) A right triangle has an area of 12 square inches. The square of the hypotenuse is 52. Find the lengths of the
legs of the triangle. Round your answer to the nearest inch.
A) 4 in. and 6 in. B) 16 in. and 36 in. C) 2 in. and 12 in. D) 8 in. and 3 in.
Page 27
19) The perimeter of a rectangle is 44 inches and its area is 105 square inches. What are its dimensions?
A) 7 in. by 15 in. B) 6 in. by 16 in. C) 8 in. by 14 in. D) 6 in. by 14 in.
20) A rectangular piece of tin has an area of 450 square inches. A square of 2 inches is cut from each corner,
and an open box is made by turning up the ends and sides. If the volume of the box is 572 cubic inches,
what were the original dimensions of the piece of tin?
A) 15 in. by 30 in. B) 17 in. by 32 in. C) 13 in. by 28 in. D) 11 in. by 24 in.
21) The diagonal of the floor of a rectangular office cubicle is 2 ft longer than the length of the cubicle and 5 ft
longer than twice the width. Find the dimensions of the cubicle. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary.
A) width = 9.7 ft, length = 22.4 ft B) width = 4 ft, length = 11 ft
C) width = 2 ft, length = 9 ft D) width = 3.9 ft, length = 9.7 ft
22) In a 1-mile race, the winner crosses the finish line 12 feet ahead of the second-place runner and 28 feet
ahead of the third-place runner. Assuming that each runner maintains a constant speed throughout the
race, by how many feet does the second-place runner beat the third-place runner? (5280 feet in 1 mile.)
A) 16.04 ft B) -12.06 ft C) -16.09 ft D) 4.01 ft
23) A person at the top of a 600 foot tall building drops a yellow ball. The height of the yellow ball is given by
the equation h = -16t2 + 600 where h is measured in feet and t is the number of seconds since the yellow
ball was dropped. A second person, in the same building but on a lower floor that is 152 feet from the
ground, drops a white ball 4 seconds after the yellow ball was dropped. The height of the white ball is
given by the equation h = -16(t - 4)2 + 152 where h is measured in feet and t is the number of seconds
since the yellow ball was dropped. Find the time that the balls are the same distance above the ground and
find this distance.
A) 5.5 sec; 116 ft B) 4.5 sec; 276 ft C) 5 sec; 200 ft D) 6 sec; 24 ft
Page 28
6.7 Systems of Inequalities
1 Graph an Inequality
Graph the inequality.

1) x > 7
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
x -10 -5 5 10 x
-10 -5 5 10
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
x -10 -5 5 10 x
-10 -5 5 10
-5 -5
-10
-10
Page 29
2) y ≤ -2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 30
3) -2x - 3y ≤ 6
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 31
4) 3x + 5y ≤ 15
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 32
5) -3x - 5y ≤ -15
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 33
6) x - y > -2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 34
7) x + y < -4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 35
8) x - y < -4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 36
9) x2 + y 2 ≤ 1
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 37
10) x2 + y 2 > 4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 38
11) y > x2 - 3
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 39
12) y ≤ x2 - 5
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 40
2 Graph a System of Inequalities
Graph the system of inequalities.

1) 2x + 3y ≤ 6
x-y≤3
6 y
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6x
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
6 y 6 y
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
6 y 6 y
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 41
2) 4x + 3y ≥ 12
x ≥ y
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
Page 42
2x + 3y ≥ 6
3) x-y≤3
y≤2
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
A) B)
y y
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
Page 43
2x + 3y ≥ 6
4) x-y≥3
y≤2
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
A) B)
y y
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
Page 44
5) -x + 2y ≤ -6
3x + 2y > -18
y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) B)
10 y 10 y
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
-10 -10
C) D)
10 y 10 y
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
-10 -10
Page 45
x2 + y 2 ≤ 64
6) -7x + 5y ≤ -35
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 46
7) y ≥ x2
x+y>6
y
A) B)
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
12 y 12 y
8 8
4 4
-12 -8 -4 4 8 12 x -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
-12 -12
Page 47
8) x2 + y ≤ 1
x2 - y ≤ 4
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) B)
y y
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
C) D)
y y
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
Page 48
9) y > x2
10x + 2y ≤ 20
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 49
10) y > x2
10x + 2y ≤ 20
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 50
11) x2 + y 2 ≤ 64
5x + 4y ≤ 20
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 51
12) x2 + y 2 ≤ 9
x2 + y 2 ≥ 4
y
8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
A) B) no solution
y y
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
Page 52
13) 2x + 3y ≥ 6
x- y ≥3
y ≤2
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 53
14) 2x + 3y ≥ 6
x-y≤3
x≥1
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 54
15) 2x + 3y ≤ 6
x-y≤3
x≥1
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 55
16) 2x + 3y ≤ 6
x-y≥3
x≥1
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 56
17) y - x ≤ 5
x+y≥3
y - 3x ≥ -1
y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
-10 -10
Graph the system of linear inequalities. Tell whether the graph is bounded or unbounded, and label the corner
points.
18)
x≥0
y≥0
x+ y ≤6
x+y ≥4
Page 57
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) bounded; B) unbounded;
corner points (6, 0), (0, 6),(0, 4), (4, 0) corner points (0, 0), (0, 4), (4, 0)
y y
12 12
(0, 6) (0, 6)
(0, 4) (0, 4)
(6, 0) (6, 0)
(4, 0) x (4, 0) x
-12 -12
C) unbounded; D) no solution
corner points (6, 0), (0, 6) y
12
y
12
(0, 6)
(0, 6) (0, 4)
(6, 0)
(4, 0) x
(6, 0) x
-12
-12
Page 58
Graph the region indicated by graphing the system of inequalities. Label all points of intersection.
19)
y ≥ x2 - 8
y ≤ -x2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) O(0, 0), A(0, -8) B) O(0, 0), A(0, -8)

y y
10 10
5 5
O O
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
(-2, -4) (2, -4) (-2, -4) (2, -4)

-5 -5
A A
-10 -10
C) O(0, 0), A(0, -8) D) O(0, 0), A(0, -8)

y y
10 10
5 5
O O
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
(-2, -4) (2, -4) (-2, -4) (2, -4)

-5 -5
A A
-10 -10
Page 59
Write a system of linear inequalities that has the given graph.
20)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) B) C) D)
y≥0 y ≥0 x≤3 y ≥0
x≥0 x≥0 y+ x≤9 x≥0
x ≤3 x ≤9 x ≤3
y+ x≤9 y+ x≤3 y+x≥9
21)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) B) C) D)
y ≥0 y ≥0 y ≥0 x ≤7
x≥0 x≥0 x≥0 y ≤7
x ≤7 y ≤7 x ≤7 x+y≥2
y ≤7 x+y≥2 x+y≥2
x+y≥2
Page 60
22)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) B) C) D)
x≥0 y ≥0 y ≥2 y≥0
y ≥2 x≥0 y ≥x x≥0
y ≤x y ≤2 y+ x≤7 y ≤2
y+ x≤7 y ≤x y+ x≤7
y+ x≤7
23)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) B) C) D)
y≥0 x≥0 x≥0 y≥0
y≤7 y≥0 y≤7 x≤7
y≤x-5 y≤7 y≤x-5 y≤x-5
y≥5-x y≤x-5 y≥5-x y≥5-x
y≤5-x
Page 61
Solve the problem.

24) A coffee store has available 75 pounds of A grade coffee and 120 pounds of B grade coffee. These will be
blended into 1 pound packages as follow: an economy blend that contains 4 ounces of A grade coffee and
12 ounces of B grade coffee and a superior blend that contains 8 ounces of A grade coffee and 8 ounces of
B grade coffee. Using x to denote the number of packages of the economy blend and y to denote the
number of packages of the superior blend, write a system of linear inequalities that describes the possible
number of packages of each blend. Graph the system and label the corner points.
25) A person with no more than $7000 to invest plans to place the money in two investments,
telecommunications and pharmaceuticals. The telecommunications investment is to be no more than 3
times the pharmaceuticals investment. Write a system of inequalities to describe the situation. Let
x = amount to be invested in telecommunications and y = amount to be invested in pharmaceuticals.
A) x + y ≤ 7000 B) x + y = 7000 C) x + y = 7000 D) x + y ≤ 7000
x ≤ 3y x ≤ 3y y ≥ 3x 3x ≤ y
x≥0 x≥0 x≥0 x≥0
y≥0 y≥0 y≥0 y≥0
26) A man is planting a section of garden with tomatoes and cucumbers. The available area of the section is
120 square feet. He wants the area planted with tomatoes to be more than 30% of the area planted with
cucumbers. Write a system of inequalities to describe the situation. Let x = amount to be planted in
tomatoes and y = amount to be planted in cucumbers.
A) x + y ≤ 120 B) x + y = 120 C) x + y ≤ 120 D) x + y ≤ 120
x > 0.30y x ≥ 0.30y x > 30y x < 0.30y
x≥0 x≥0 x≥0 x≥0
y≥0 y≥0 y≥0 y≥0
Page 62
6.8 Linear Programming
1 Set up a Linear Programming Problem
Write a system of linear inequalities that has the given graph.

1)
y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) y ≥ 0, x ≥ 0, x ≤ 3, and y + x ≤ 5 B) y ≥ 0, x ≥ 0, x ≤ 5, and y + x ≤ 3
C) x ≤ 3, and y + x ≤ 5 D) y ≥ 0, x ≥ 0, x ≤ 3, and y + x ≥ 5
2)
y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) y ≥ 0, x ≥ 0, x ≤ 6, y ≤ 7, and y + x ≥ 2 B) y ≥ 0, x ≥ 0, y ≤ 7, and y + x ≥ 2
C) y ≥ 0, x ≥ 0, x ≤ 6, and y + x ≥ 2 D) x ≤ 6, y ≤ 7, and y + x ≥ 2
Page 63
Set up the linear programming problem.

3) The Jillsonʹs have up to $75,000 to invest. They decide that they want to have at least $40,000 invested in
stable bonds yielding 6% and that no more than $20,000 should be invested in more volatile bonds
yielding 12%.
(a) Using x to denote the amount of money invested in the stable bonds and y the amount invested in the
more volatile bonds, write a system of linear inequalities that describe the possible amounts of each
investment.
(b) Graph the system and label the corner points.
Solve the problem.

4) The liquid portion of a diet is to provide at least 300 calories, 36 units of vitamin A, and 90 units of vitamin
C daily. A cup of dietary drink X provides 60 calories, 12 units of vitamin A, and 10 units of vitamin C. A
cup of dietary drink Y provides 60 calories, 6 units of vitamin A, and 30 units of vitamin C. Set up a system
of linear inequalities that describes the minimum daily requirements for calories and vitamins. Let x =
number of cups of dietary drink X, and y = number of cups of dietary drink Y. Write all the constraints as
a system of linear inequalities.
60x + 60y ≥ 300 60x + 60y > 300
12x + 6y ≥ 36 12x + 6y > 36 60x + 60y ≥ 300 60x + 60y ≤ 300
A) 10x + 30y ≥ 90 B) 10x + 30y > 90 C) 12x + 6y > 36 D) 12x + 6y ≤ 36
x≥0 x>0 10x + 30y ≥ 90 10x + 30y ≤ 90
y≥0 y>0
2 Solve a Linear Programming Problem

Find the maximum or minimum value of the objective function, subject to the constraints graphed in this feasible
region.
1) z = x + 7y. Find maximum.

A) Maximum 37 B) Maximum 24 C) Maximum 18 D) Maximum 30
Page 64
2) z = x + 7y + 5 Find minimum.
A) Minimum 23 B) Minimum 42 C) Minimum 30 D) No Minimum
Find the value(s) of the function, subject to the system of inequalities.

3) Find the maximum and minimum of
z = 10x + 6y subject to x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, 2x + 3y ≥ 6, x ≤ 10, y ≤ 5.
A) 130; 12 B) 100; 18 C) 30; 18 D) 130; 100
4) Find the maximum and minimum of

z = 6x + 21y subject to x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, 4x + 5y ≤ 30, 4x + 3y ≤ 20, x ≤ 5, y ≤ 8.
A) 30; -126 B) 30; 0 C) -97.5; -126 D) -126; 0
Solve the problem.

5) The Jillsonʹs have up to $75,000 to invest. They decide that they want to have at least $25,000 invested in
stable bonds yielding 6% and that no more than $45,000 should be invested in more volatile bonds
yielding 12%. How much should they invest in each type of bond to maximize income if the amount in the
more volatile bond should not exceed the amount in the more stable bond? What is the maximum income?
6) A doctor has told a patient to take vitamin pills. The patient needs at least 36 units of vitamin A, at least 9
units of vitamin C, and at least 91 units of vitamin D. The red vitamin pills cost 20¢ each and contain 6
units of A, 1 unit of C, and 7 units of D. The blue vitamin pills cost 40¢ each and contain 4 units of A, 1
unit of C, and 14 units of D. How many pills should the patient take each day to minimize costs?
A) 5 red and 4 blue B) 4 red and 5 blue C) 9 red and 0 blue D) 6 red and 3 blue
7) The Acme Class Ring Company designs and sells two types of rings: the VIP and the SST. They can
produce up to 24 rings each day using up to 60 total man-hours of labor. It takes 3 man-hours to make
one VIP ring and 2 man-hours to make one SST ring. How many of each type of ring should be made
daily to maximize the companyʹs profit, if the profit on a VIP ring is $40 and on an SST ring is $35?
A) 12 VIP and 12 SST B) 14 VIP and 10 SST C) 16 VIP and 8 SST D) 18 VIP and 6 SST
8) An airline with two types of airplanes, P1 and P2 , has contracted with a tour group to provide
transportation for a minimum of 400 first class, 750 tourist class, and 1500 economy class passengers. For a
certain trip, airplane P1 costs $10,000 to operate and can accommodate 20 first class, 50 tourist class, and
110 economy class passengers. Airplane P2 costs $8500 to operate and can accommodate 18 first class, 30
tourist class, and 44 economy class passengers. How many of each type of airplane should be used in
order to minimize the operating cost?
A) 9 P1 planes and 13 P2 planes B) 5 P1 planes and 17 P2 planes
C) 11 P1 planes and 7 P2 planes D) 7 P1 planes and 11 P2 planes
9) A summer camp wants to hire counselors and aides to fill its staffing needs at minimum cost. The average
monthly salary of a counselor is $2400 and the average monthly salary of an aide is $1100. The camp can
accommodate up to 45 staff members and needs at least 30 to run properly. They must have at least 10
aides, and may have up to 3 aides for every 2 counselors. How many counselors and how many aides
should the camp hire to minimize cost?
A) 12 counselors and 18 aides B) 27 counselors and 18 aides
C) 35 counselors and 10 aides D) 18 counselors and 12 aides
Page 65
Ch. 6 Systems of Equations and Inequalities
Answer Key
6.1 Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination
1 Solve Systems of Equations by Substitution
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
2 Solve Systems of Equations by Elimination
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
3 Identify Inconsistent Systems of Equations Containing Two Variables
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
4 Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations Containing Two Variables
1) A
2) A
5 Solve Systems of Three Equations Containing Three Variables
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) $40,000 at 7%, $20,000 at 10%, $30,000 at 14%
8) a = 2, b = -3, c = 2
9) A
6 Identify Inconsistent Systems of Equations Containing Three Variables
1) A
2) A
7 Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations Containing Three Variables
1) A
2) A
3) A
6.2 Systems of Linear Equations: Matrices
1 Write the Augmented Matrix of a System of Linear Equations
1) A
Page 66
2) A
3) A
4) A
2 Write the System of Equations from the Augmented Matrix
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
3 Perform Row Operations on a Matrix
1) A
2) A
-7 -5 -1 -10
3) 6 -2 9 5
0 -26 2 -22
4) A
5) A
6) A
4 Solve a System of Linear Equations Using Matrices
1) A
2) D
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) a = -2 , b = -1, c = 2
9) $9000 at 5%, $12,000 at 8%, and $24,000 at 12%
10) 14 Kitui chairs, 10 Goa chairs, 8 Santa Fe chairs
6.3 Systems of Linear Equations: Determinants
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) 4
2 Use Cramerʹs Rule to Solve a System of Two Equations Containing Two Variables
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
1) B
2) A
3) A
4) 5
5) A
4 Use Cramerʹs Rule to Solve a System of Three Equations Containing Three Variables
1) A
2) A
3) A
Page 67
5 Know Properties of Determinants
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
6.4 Matrix Algebra
1 Find the Sum and Difference of Two Matrices
1) A
2) A
3) B
4) A
2 Find Scalar Multiples of a Matrix
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
3 Find the Product of Two Matrices
1) A
-2 2 0
2) 1 -1 0
-1 1 0
3) A
4) A
5) A
4 Find the Inverse of a Matrix
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
10) A
11) A
12) A
13) A
1
2 1 0
1- 0 1-
2 14
14 -4 1 0 1 7 14
14) A I2 = -7 2 0 1 R1 = r1 R2 = 7r1 + r2 7 1
14 -7 2 01 1
0 0 2
The matrix A I2 is sufficiently reduced for us to see that the identity matrix cannot appear to the left of the
vertical bar. We conclude that A is singular and so has no inverse.
15) A
Page 68
16) A
5 Solve a System of Linear Equations Using an Inverse Matrix
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
6.5 Partial Fraction Decomposition
1 Decompose P/Q, Where Q Has Only Nonrepeated Linear Factors
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
2 Decompose P/Q, Where Q Has Repeated Linear Factors
1) A
2) A
3) A
6 2 6 3 9
4) - - + -
x x2 x + 1 (x + 1) 2 (x + 1) 3
3 Decompose P/Q, Where Q Has a Nonrepeated Irreducible Quadratic Factor
1) A
2) A
3) A
1 1 5
4) - +
x + 2 x - 2 x2 + 9
4 Decompose P/Q, Where Q Has a Repeated Irreducible Quadratic Factor
1) A
2) A
6.6 Systems of Nonlinear Equations
1 Solve a System of Nonlinear Equations Using Substitution
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
10) A
11) A
12) A
2 Solve a System of Nonlinear Equations Using Elimination
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
Page 69
5) x = 17, y = 19; x = - 17, y = 19; x = , 17, y = - 19 ; x = - 17, -y = 19
6) A
7) A
3 Demonstrate Additional Understanding and Skills
1) Substitution should be used, because using elimination would mean introducing an xy term into the second
equation unnecessarily. The second equation should be solved for x.
equation unnecessarily. The second equation should be solved for y.
3) Either method may be used. Elimination may be used since the equations have the same types of terms (x2 , y 2 ,
constant). If elimination is used, then the first equation should be multiplied by -8 or 8. Substitution may be used
efficiently, since a coefficient of the first equation is 1. If substitution is used, then the first equation should be
solved for x 2 .
4) Substitution should be used, because using elimination would mean introducing an xy -term into the second
equation unnecessarily. The second equation should be solved for x or y.
equation unnecessarily. The second equation should be solved for x.
6) Either method may be used. Elimination may be used since the equations have the same types of terms (x2 , y 2 ,
constant). If elimination is used, then the first equation should be multiplied by 7 or -7. Substitution may be used
efficiently, since a coefficient of the first equation has an absolute value of 1. If substitution is used, then the first
equation should be solved for y 2 .
equation unnecessarily. The second equation should be solved for x or y.
8) Elimination should be used since the equations have the same types of terms (x2 , y 2 , constant), while
substitution would require fractions or extra steps. The first step is to multiply the first equation by 9, -9, -9, or 9
or to multiply the second equation by 10, -10, 8, or -8.
9) A
10) A
11) A
12) A
13) A
14) A
15) A
16) A
17) 8 and 3
18) A
19) A
20) A
21) A
22) A
23) A
6.7 Systems of Inequalities
1 Graph an Inequality
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
Page 70
10) A
11) A
12) A
2 Graph a System of Inequalities
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
10) A
11) A
12) A
13) A
14) A
15) A
16) A
17) A
18) A
19) A
20) A
21) A
22) A
23) A
24)
x≥0
y≥0
3x + 2y ≤ 480
x + 2y ≤ 300
400
(0, 150) (90, 105)
(0, 0) (160, 0) 400 x
25) A
26) A
6.8 Linear Programming
1 Set up a Linear Programming Problem
1) A
2) A
Page 71
3) (a)
x + y ≤ 75,000
x ≥ 40,000
y ≤ 20,000
x≥0
y≥0
(b)
y
80000
60000
40000
(40,000, 20,000) (55,000, 20,000)

20000
(40,000, 0) (75,000, 0)
40000 80000 x
4) A
2 Solve a Linear Programming Problem
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) $37,500 in the stable bonds and $37,500 in the volatile bonds; maximum income $6750
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
Page 72
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
some striking points of resemblance, and yet how
wonderfully different!
The book then opens with an exclamation which

serves as a text or topic――‘Vanity of
vanities,’――and forthwith proceeds to state the
question, and work out the conclusion which this
topic suggests. Has mankind any advantage (in the
sense of a result in the future) by reason of his toil or
anxiety (the technical word here used is ‫עמל‬, by
which word is meant the same thing as the Greek
expresses by μέριμνα, cares of this life, Matthew
xiii. 22)? This he answers in the negative by eight
aphorisms, four drawn from observation of nature
and four from moral considerations, which we have
called the eight unbeatitudes of the sermon. This
constitutes the first part of the proof. Koheleth then
goes on to discuss the question, Can any solution of
this providential difficulty be discovered? This, in the
first place, is attempted to be answered by an
autobiography, in which Koheleth shows in
succession that wisdom, mirth, accumulation of
wealth, etc., are alike evanescent and unsatisfactory,
as his own experience (and no one was likely to do
better) abundantly displayed. These together form
the first great division of the book――Chapters i.
and ii.
In the next five Chapters, iii. to vii., the same
question is discussed from another point of view.
Koheleth remarks on the unalterable character of
Providence, and shows that even if it were possible
that human wisdom could cause change (which it
cannot), that the alteration could only be for the
worse. He begins by enumerating twenty-eight times
or seasons――that is, a fourfold seven――of which
the last is ‘a time of peace.’ This is especially worthy
of remark, as it is an instance of one of those hopes
of better things which Koheleth allows to appear, as it
were by stealth, amidst his most melancholy
utterances. He then argues this matter, and through
a long and sustained course of reasoning, the
conclusion of which is, that God must right the
wronged.
But there naturally arises the objection, If this be

so, why does impiety and oppression exist so
continually in the very places or circumstances where
we ought to expect the reverse? To this Koheleth
offers two solutions, which, however, are neither
satisfactory; the second indeed would lead to
absolute scepticism. The true deduction is however
stated in the last verse of chapter iii. (22), which is,
that if any result is to be accomplished by human toil,
it can only consist in present gratification.
Koheleth then turns to the consideration of
oppressions or afflictions, this turn of thought being
that present enjoyment is marred by the existence of
so much irremediable unhappiness; that if this world
be all, the dead are better off than the living; that the
result even of success is envy rather than pleasure;
that it is useless labouring for posterity, and no avail
in the present. Koheleth here sarcastically points out
that labour for others does give some advantage, the
only instance where he sees the possibility of any at
all. He carefully limits, however, all this to the present
life, this formula ‘under the sun,’ i.e. in this world of
labour and toil, being introduced frequently, showing
that all he says is to be taken with this proviso.
In Chapter v. Koheleth begins to display the great

remedy for human ills――that is, piety, patience, and
submission to the Divine will, cautioning against
foolish sacrifices, rash vows, rash speeches,
selfishness and avarice. This display of the remedy,
however, is as yet subordinate, the main object being
to show that all arguments conspire to prove the
vanity or transitoriness of human existence. With this
Chapter vi. ends, and with it the more argumentative
portion of the treatise.
Chapter vii. opens with a paradoxical statement

of seven good things, which look like evil ones, and
on this Koheleth develops the thought that man does
not know a good thing when he sees it. He shows
that even wisdom itself will not necessarily produce
happiness in this world, though this, he is sure, is a
good thing; but he is very bitter and sarcastic on
those who, because right does not always succeed,
resort to impiety; this, he shows, is a great and fatal
mistake. Though the proposition that piety is
happiness is not formally stated or worked out
argumentatively, nevertheless this is proved so
completely that Koheleth is able at the end of the
whole to cite this as the real result of his argument.
If, however, piety be the remedy for human ills,

early piety is essential to tolerable ease and quiet in
this world. This is set forth in the same paradoxical
and sarcastic way as before. We are advised to
avoid certain evils while we can. These are described
with great pathos in Chapter xii. It is however, we
believe, quite a mistake to imagine that the close of
the book contains an allegorical description of old
age. The weakness and other trials of age are, no
doubt, brought before us in very poetic and
picturesque language. There is an Oriental richness
and floridness about this language at first strange to
Western ears; but the images employed all admit of
resolution by an appeal to the usage of Scripture
elsewhere, and can be shown to be quite in place.
The conclusion of the whole is significantly the same
as the topic at the beginning, ‘Vanity of vanities, the
whole is vanity.’
The Epilogue, chapter xii. 9, follows. This has

been pronounced by some to be an interpolation, the
work of a later hand; but we could no more imagine a
book of the Old Testament ending with such an
aphorism as vanity of vanities, without doing violence
to our critical instinct, than we could believe that the
Gospel of St. Mark was ever intended to end with the
words ‘They were afraid’ [ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ, Mark xvi. 8].
It is rather the bold, open statement of the truth,
which has in a more or less covered manner formed
the subject of the whole book. The aphorism, ‘Fear
God and keep His commandments,’ contains the
only possible solution of providential difficulties or
remedy of human ills, and it is in vain to look for any
other. The reasons for this mystery we must leave to
God alone. He will bring into judgment――i.e. into
adjustment or declared consistency with
justice――every mystery, whether to our notions
good or evil. With this assurance the book
appropriately ends.
grammatical peculiarities.
The Book of Ecclesiastes being a didactic and
argumentative treatise, and the only work of its kind
in the Scriptures, its Hebrew is modified to meet the
requirements of that which is a new philosophy, so
that we may fully indorse Ewald’s expression, that
‘Koheleth uses the Hebrew language as a flexible
instrument for the expression of novel ideas.’ This
naturally implies a usage of words and phrases
peculiar to this book, and accounts for the large
number of unusual forms and once occurring words
and the like which here meet us. It will be apparent to
any who will diligently examine the text, that Koheleth
confines himself very strictly indeed to the rules of his
own grammar, and uses articles, prepositions, and
tenses with an accuracy not inferior to Greek itself.
For example, there is a real distinction to be
discovered between the usage of masculine and
feminine forms, where a substantive is of both
genders. It is not a matter of indifference whether the
full relative is used or the contracted form; on the
contrary, it will be seen that the contracted relative
gives an optative or subjunctive sense; or whether a
verb governs directly or through the intervention of
the particle ‫ ;את‬a distinction which the LXX. were
quite aware of, and which gave rise to their adverbial
σὺν. What, for want of a better term, we have called
distributive plurals――i.e. a singular noun and plural
verb in agreement, or vice versâ――are exceedingly
significant. They have a peculiar shade of meaning,
according to circumstances and position in the
sentence. It is too a matter of some consequence
whether the nominative precedes or follows the verb;
hence in the running translation this order is never
reversed, even where our idiom requires it, but
explanatory words are introduced. All these matters
are, where necessary, pointed out in the
notes――perhaps some may imagine pressed too
far, and repeated ad nauseam; but the excuse must
be that on these minutiæ depend the evidence of
correct rendering. If thus a good sense is made out,
as it were spontaneously, and which, moreover, is
found to fall into place as it occurs in the context, we
have strong evidence that we have hit the real
meaning.
Connected with this grammatical usage is a

peculiar terminology, also to be expected in a
scientific treatise. Thus ‫ דבר‬is very commonly
rendered in this Commentary by ‘reasoning,’ the
exact idea implied being a matter or thing reasoned
about, with the further notion or conclusion that this
reason will become ground of action. No single
English or even Greek word will render it, but once
let us master its real significance, and the force and
cogency of many passages will become manifest.
Again, ‫חפץ‬, which has the sense of ‘an agreeable
occurrence,’ ‘a providence,’ and then generally of
‘any event,’ in this book denotes a ‘providential
occurrence.’ Again, ‫ עמל‬is not exactly toil, but the
fatigue, distress, or anxiety that comes of it. It differs
from ‫ענין‬, which is also anxiety, but that kind of
anxiety which comes of uncertainty as to a future
result. Two most important words are ‫ סכלות‬and ‫הללות‬:
the former is that kind of folly which has the
appearance of wisdom, clever folly, or foolish
wisdom; the latter is that kind of folly which is
begotten of a false expectation of the result, as in our
expression ‘made a fool of.’ So again ‫ כבר‬is not an
adverb ‘already,’ but rather a substantive,――this
present considered as now existing. These technical
words are all noticed as they occur, and a sense
given, the proof of the correctness of which is that
appropriate meaning is made in every place in which
they occur. As several are found nowhere else in
Scripture, this is the only true method of coming at
their meaning. It is also worthy of notice that these
words occur usually seven or ten times, or some
other round or mystic number. This happens so
frequently that it can hardly be accidental, but I have
seldom been able to trace any rule or law in this
circumstance. On the whole, however, it may be
taken as an axiom that when Koheleth uses a
peculiar word, he intends to express a peculiar idea,
and his meaning must be sought accordingly. Careful
attention to this point clears up many difficulties.
Alliteration and paronomasia occur with great and

characteristic frequency, a proof surely that the book
was intended to be preached or delivered as an
address. It is, of course, very difficult to give these in
the English version. Sometimes in the paraphrastic
translation this is attempted by means of rhymes and
alliterations. I can hardly pronounce these quite
successful, and often have felt inclined to return to a
more literal rendering, but then this most
characteristic feature of the book would have been
lost to the English reader. Every one who has ever
addressed an assembly knows how very telling these
hits are, and moreover they are of real importance to
the commentator, as bringing the words on which the
alliteration depends into artificial prominence. There
is a danger, no doubt, that when once the mind is
aroused to this, that equivokes should be found
where they were not intended; but of this the reader
must judge.
This perhaps is the best point at which to discuss

the meaning of the word Koheleth. In its present form
and pointing ‫ ֹק ֶה ֶלת‬is the active feminine participle of
Kal of the verb ‫קהל‬, occurring as a verb only in niphal
and hiphil. The feminine noun occurs Deuteronomy
xxxiii. 4, ‫――ְק ִה ַּלת‬i.e. this word differently
pointed――which the LXX. render by συναγωγῆς. ‫ְק ִה ַּלת‬
occurs Nehemiah v. 7, rendered ἐκκλησίαν. With this
before us it seems beside the mark to seek a
meaning out of the root ‫קהל‬. According to the usage
observable in this book, feminines (we should prefer
to call them abstracts) in ‫ ת‬differ from those in
‫――ה‬compare ‫עמדת‬, chapter i. 4; the abstract in this
form again becomes as it were a concrete. Thus we
should incline to indorse the view enunciated by
Preston, who considers the word to be represented
by ‘collector’ or ‘concionator’ in Latin. Both these
meanings we believe are contained in the word, and
it is quite consistent with what we know of the style of
Ecclesiastes to admit that both these meanings were
intended to be conveyed. The discourse is a
collection of separate but connected aphorisms on
the transitoriness of human existence――the author
is thus a collector of them; and as the discourse was
delivered apparently when collected, he is a
concionator or preacher also. The word used by the
LXX., ἐκκλησιαστὴς, occurs nowhere else, either in
the Old or New Testaments, so that the precise
meaning they affixed to the word is unknown. In
classical Greek it means preacher.
The repetition of a word, whether substantive or
particle, in the same sentence, of course gives
emphasis to that word; to translate accurately,
therefore, when this occurs, we have to add some
English equivalent, such as ‘this’ or ‘as well,’ and so
forth, see Commentary passim. A careful attention to
this rule will often considerably help to clear up
obscure passages.
on the peculiar renderings of the

version of the lxx.
The remark of Delitzsch on the translation of the

LXX., affixed to the Book of Psalms (Delitzsch on the
Psalms, Clark’s Library, Edinburgh) may be
introduced here:――‘This translation, as being the
oldest key to the understanding of the language of
the Old Testament writings, as being the oldest mirror
of the Old Testament text, and as an important check
upon the interpretation of Scripture handed down in
the Talmud and Midrash, and in that portion of the
national literature not originating in Egypt, is
invaluable.’ For this remark applies to the rendering
of Ecclesiastes in an equal, if not greater degree, and
may be offered as an excuse, if one be needed, for
the comparatively large space assigned to the
discussion of the Septuagint renderings.
A peculiarity which meets us in this book is the
occurrence of the preposition σὺν followed by an
accusative, and in one case a genitive, and which
seldom if ever occurs in other books. This apparently
trifling circumstance, which is usually treated as a
barbarism, will give the clue which will lead to some
curious and interesting facts connected with the
methods of translation adopted by the LXX.
If we examine carefully and in detail the wording

of the LXX. we can hardly fail to be struck with the
excessive care that is taken to render in the exact
order of the Hebrew――a remark which may be
extended to other portions of this version, the Book
of Job being, however, a striking exception, (and
when there is any considerable departure, in almost
every instance hitherto examined a serious variation
of text in the different recensions of the LXX. will be
found to occur.) In Ecclesiastes this order is so strict
that, with hardly an exception, it would be possible to
print the Greek text as it stands as an interlinear
translation. This most interesting point deserves
further investigation than appears as yet to have
been given to it. My own impression from this
circumstance, is that the version of the LXX. was
made with the idea that those who used it had the
Hebrew before them, and this hypothesis, for in truth
it is nothing more, will I think group together more
facts than any other suppositions which have been
adopted to explain these strange renderings met with
in the LXX.,――as, for example, variation of original
text, wilful corruption on the part of the translators,
Hagadic influence (of which more presently), and the
like. The LXX. have executed their work so well, that
notwithstanding this restriction which they thus laid
upon themselves, we have a very good translation,
which for many centuries was used as the sole
representative of the ancient Scriptures, and on
which the whole fabric of ancient theology was
erected.
This interlinear character, as we may call it, of the

version of the LXX., will explain why they render the
same Hebrew word by such very different Greek
equivalents. In an interlinear translation there is no
special value in uniform rendering; rather the
reverse. It is better even to study variety than
uniformity, although we believe that the LXX. do
neither the one nor the other, but simply endeavour
to give the best possible rendering of the passage
before them. For example, the word ‫ חפץ‬is rendered
in chapter iii. 1, 17, v. 8 (7), viii. 6, by πρᾶγμα, and in
the other three cases in which it occurs, viz., chapter
v. 4 (3), xii. 1, 10, by θέλημα. Now the real meaning of
this word, as we have shown, is an agreeable
providential occurrence, or, since all providential
occurrences imply the Divine will on their side, any
such whatever. The LXX. use the one rendering or
the other as best suits the context. This book
containing so large a number of technical words, the
meaning of which is to be sought by a careful
comparison of all the passages in which they occur,
the renderings of the LXX. become of special
interest. The meaning compounded of the meanings
of the LXX.’s renderings, to use a mathematical
simile, will give us often the precise shade of
signification of the Hebrew of which we are in search,
and this will then approve itself as correct by its
suitableness in every instance.
The same observation applies to the grammar of

the Greek as representing that of the Hebrew. There
is no attempt whatever to render Hebrew
grammatical forms with any uniformity. Hebrew
perfects are rendered by Greek presents, aorists, or
perfects; Hebrew presents by aorists or perfects.
Participles are rendered sometimes by participles, at
others by principal verbs. The same Hebrew
prepositions are sometimes rendered by different
Greek prepositions, and sometimes simply by case-
endings. The relative is rendered by the relative, by
the pronoun, and by ὅτι. The Hebrew conjugations
are not represented on any settled principle; Piels
are sometimes indeed apparently marked by a
preposition compounded with the verb, sometimes
not noticed at all. In certain cases in which the root is
doubtful, as for example in ain vaw, and ain ain
verbs, the LXX. do not always follow the Masoretic
pointing and derivation. On the whole, however, the
deviations of the LXX., from both pointing and
accentuation, are more apparent than real, and may
be explained, for the most part, on the principle that
the translators felt themselves obliged to follow the
order of the words in the original.
We must, however, bear in mind that the present

text of the LXX. is of all texts the most time-worn, and
often requires correction. Most providentially we do
not depend on one recension; we have in existing
copies the remains of several, and we may make use
of them to restore the original readings. The problem
in this case differs essentially from that which meets
us in revising the Greek text of the New Testament.
Here diplomatic evidence has not the same weight
as there. Emendations may be detected, even when
better readings of the Hebrew, by want of conformity
to the Hebrew order (and the temptation to make
such kind of alterations, when the version was used
independently, would clearly be very great), or again
a comparison of the various readings will enable us
to guess with tolerable confidence what the Hebrew
originally was. In this way, when the Hebrew text is
doubtful, we can ascertain the correct reading by
searching for that common origin from which the
variants in the LXX. were derived, and we may then
turn round on the version with the help of the
Hebrew, and show how the changes successively
arose. An instance of this will be found at chapter
x. 10; how far I have succeeded the reader must
judge. We must also bear in mind that what we
should now denote by marginal renderings are in the
ancient versions inserted in the text. The interlinear
character of the version enables us to detect this: we
find two Greek words standing in place of a single
Hebrew equivalent. The result of all this, as applied
in the Book of Ecclesiastes, is to vindicate the
accuracy of the received Hebrew text, and, in a less
degree, of the pointing and accentuation also. Only in
a very few instances is it needful to propose an
emendation of the Hebrew text, and that where the
ancient versions are apparently unanimous in
requiring it.
There remains another point, however. Dr.

Ginsburg (and from his extensive acquaintance with
Jewish literature no one is better qualified to give an
opinion) considers that Hagadic influence must be
taken largely into account in explaining difficult
passages in Ecclesiastes; amongst other points he
notices the rendering of ‫ את‬by σὺν, which has been
referred to already. ‘Commentators,’ he says, ‘have
been perplexed to account for this barbarism, and
violation of grammatical propriety, but a reference to
Hagadic exegesis will show that this Hebrew particle
was looked up to as having a mystical signification,
because the two letters, ‫ א‬and ‫ת‬, of which it is
composed, are the Alpha and Omega of the Hebrew
alphabet. Hence the anxiety of the translator to
indicate this particle in Greek, when a passage
appeared to him to be fraught with special mysteries.’
But, as he remarks, it is only in twenty-nine instances
out of seventy-one occurrences of this particle that it
is so rendered by the LXX. Moreover, Dr. Ginsburg
has not shown that these passages are specially
mysterious. They are in fact neither more nor less so
than some others in which this particle is not so
rendered. An examination of these passages will
show, we think convincingly, that what the LXX.
wished to do was to point out that ‫ את‬was emphatic
and with the meaning of ‘respect to,’ or the like, as
will be seen by reference to the Commentary,
especially chapters ii. 17, iii. 17, vii. 26, viii. 8, 15.
The Hagadic influence, according to Dr. Ginsburg,

is still more evident in the peculiar rendering of
chapter ii. 12, as well as chapters ii. 17, iii. 15, iv. 17,
v. 1, all which are fully treated in the Commentary,
and the renderings of the LXX. explained and
elucidated, it is hoped satisfactorily. So far from the
true explanation of these renderings being found in
the Chaldee paraphrase, as Dr. Ginsburg imagines,
that version gives distorted interpretations of
passages but partially understood. Again, the gloss
of the LXX. at chapter ii. 15 is shared by the Syriac,
and is a marginal reading; chapter ii. 17 is a verbatim
reading of the Hebrew in every particular; and the
gloss at chapter ii. 9 is too evidently foisted in from
the margin to make it of much value in any argument.
See note there.
Holding as I do the paramount authority of the

LXX., I have not scrupled to follow them against the
Masoretic interpretation when the sense of a
passage seemed to require it, and I deem it a
sufficient answer to any objections on this head, that
the rendering proposed is supported by the LXX. On
the whole, however, these differences are, as
remarked above, not very great, and we have rather
occasion for surprise, not that there is here and there
a divergence, but that on the whole there is so
substantial agreement. The pointing which we have
in our Hebrew Bibles embodies a most valuable and
venerable tradition, but in its present form younger by
centuries than that furnished by the rendering of the
LXX. While, therefore, we admit its great value, we
ought not to make its authority absolute, and this is
done to all intents and purposes by those who reject
without question the ancient interpretation because it
conflicts with the present pointing. No language is too
high to characterize our obligations to those Jewish
fathers who have guarded so faithfully that special
trust committed to them――the oracles of God. But
the Synagogue is no more infallible in matters of
criticism than is the Church. Neither the Masorets nor
the LXX. are inspired, though inspiration has been by
their respective partisans vehemently claimed for
both. Each party, also, has unduly depreciated the
other, and the Hebrew scholars have been for
centuries divided into punctists and anti-punctists.
But as there is no royal road to learning, so there is
no short-cut to certainty; the whole evidence, let it
come from whence it may, must be diligently weighed
and compared. So far as the version of the LXX. is
concerned, this is not done until their errors, or
supposed errors, have been at least duly explained
and accounted for, even when their renderings are
rejected.
other versions of antiquity.
Next in order in point of antiquity to the version of

the LXX. stands the Syriac Peshito. This I have
sometimes quoted in the present Commentary,
having considered it my duty to make myself
acquainted with this version, so that if I am not in a
position to offer anything of my own, I can follow
other commentators, and test their accuracy. The
citations are made from the edition of Dr. Lee,
published by the Bible Society. As might be
expected, the Syriac version stands midway between
the LXX. and Masoretic text, agreeing sometimes
with the one and sometimes with the other. It is often
assumed that the peculiar renderings of the Syriac
which agree with the LXX. against the Masoretic
rendering, arise from corrections of the former text by
the latter; this, however, is not proved. The existence
of such an element of correction may well be
admitted, but it is only one out of many, and in some
cases we shall, I think, have reason to conclude that
the sense, set aside as of no critical value by some
commentators, does in fact embody the real meaning
of the passage under discussion. See chapter x. 10
for an instance of this.
The Vulgate is generally accessible; its value is

subordinate as compared with the above-mentioned
versions, being only, as is well known, corrected from
the Hebrew by Jerome. Sometimes, however, the
evidence it affords of an ancient reading is all the

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College Algebra 10th Edition Sullivan Test Bank

Precalculus Concepts Through Functions A Right Triangle

Solve the system of equations by using substitution.

2 Solve Systems of Equations by Elimination

Use the elimination method to solve the system.

Solve the problem.

Solve the system.

C) consistent (many solutions) D) (2, 4)

4 Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations Containing Two Variables

Solve the system.

C) (9, 0) D) inconsistent (no solution)

Solve the system of equations.

Solve the problem.

6 Identify Inconsistent Systems of Equations Containing Three Variables

Solve the system of equations.

7 Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations Containing Three Variables

Solve the system of equations.

6.2 Systems of Linear Equations: Matrices

Write the augmented matrix for the system.

2 Write the System of Equations from the Augmented Matrix

3 Perform Row Operations on a Matrix

Perform the row operation(s) on the given augmented matrix.

4 Solve a System of Linear Equations Using Matrices

Solve the problem using matrices.

6.3 Systems of Linear Equations: Determinants

Find the value of the determinant.

Use Cramerʹs rule to solve the linear system.

Find the value of the determinant.

A) 130 B) 80 C) -90 D) -12

Solve the problem.

Use Cramerʹs rule to solve the linear system.

5 Know Properties of Determinants

x y z x-3 y+6 z+6

6.4 Matrix Algebra

Perform the indicated operation, whenever possible.

-10 -4 11 2 16 3 -10 -4 3 10 4 -11

2 Find Scalar Multiples of a Matrix

Perform the indicated matrix operations.

A) -12 20 B) -12 20 C) -12 5 D) 1 9

3) Let A = 1 3 and B = 0 4 . Find 4A + B.

5) Let A = -4 2 and B = 1 0 . Find 2A + 3B.

3 Find the Product of Two Matrices

Perform the matrix multiplication.

3) Let A = -2 3 and B = -2 0 . Find AB.

Perform the indicated operations and simplify.

4 Find the Inverse of a Matrix

Find the inverse of the matrix.

Show that the matrix has no inverse.

5 Solve a System of Linear Equations Using an Inverse Matrix

Solve the system using the inverse method.

Tell whether the given rational expression is proper or improper.