SV-Chapter 4- Quản lý dự trữ

CHƯƠNG 4: QUẢN LÝ DỰ TRỮ
2 Nội dung
• Khái niệm.
• Mục dích của dự trừ

29/02/2024
•Các loại dự trừ
• Các loại chỉ phí dự trứ
• Thiết kế hệ thống hàng dự trừ
• Các mô hình quản lý hàng dự trừ:
- Mô hình đặt hàng kinh tế EOQ (Economic Order Quantity Model)

MSc. Le Thi Thanh Ngan
- Điểm tái đặt hàng
- Mức dự trữ an toàn

3
Khái niệm?
Quản lý hàng dự trữ là việc doanh nghiệp thiết lập một hệ
thống quản lý hàng dự trữ để theo dõi các loại hàng hóa dự
trữ và đưa ra các quyết định về số lượng, thời gian đặt hàng
29/02/2024
nhằm tối ưu hoa hiệu quả kinh doanh
Mục đích?
4
Các loại hàng tồn kho:
Nguyên liệu
29/02/2024
Sản phẩm trong quá trình sản xuất
Thành phẩm
Bảo dưỡng, sửa chữa và vận hành

(MRO - Maintenance, Repair &
Operating)
5
Phân loại hàng tồn kho
Cycle stock (base stock)

29/02/2024
Safety stock (buffer stock)
Pipeline stock (in-transit stock)
Speculative stock
Psychic stock
6
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE!
1. ____ refers to stocks of goods and materials that are maintained

29/02/2024
for many purposes, the most common being to satisfy normal

demand patterns.
A. logistics
B. supply chain management
C. inventory
D.production
7

2. ____ stock refers to inventory that is needed to
satisfy normal demand during the course of an order
29/02/2024
cycle.
A.base
B.speculative
C.pipeline
D.safety
8

3. ____ stock refers to inventory that is held in addition
to cycle stock to guard against uncertainty in demand
29/02/2024
and/or lead time.
A.base
B.pipeline
C.speculative
D.buffer
9

4___ stock refers to inventory that is en route between
various nodes in a logistics system.
29/02/2024
A.base
B.safety
C.speculative
D.cycle
E.none of the above
10

5. ____ stock refers to inventory that is held for several reasons,
including seasonal demand, projected price increases, and
29/02/2024
potential shortages of product.

A.base
B.safety
C.pipeline
D.speculative
11
Quản lý hàng tồn kho
29/02/2024
Timing Quantity
1.Inventory costs
2.Inventory planning
3.Uncertainty management
12
Inventory management
Inventory costs
29/02/2024
Timing Quantity 1. Ordering costs (chi phí đặt

hàng)
2. Carrying costs (or Holding costs)-
chi phí giữ hàng
3. Carrying costs vs stock-out costs
13
Carrying cost or Holding cost

 Cost of holding an item in inventory for a period of time
 Approximate percentage of the value of an item: 25% – 26%.
Carrying cost
29/02/2024
→ Vary from product to product

components
Obsolescence Inventory Storage Handling Insurance Interest

Taxes
costs shrinkage costs costs costs costs
Opportunity cost
Specialized storage Costs for keeping

requirements result in “products” alive
higher costs
14
Trade-off between Carrying and Ordering costs
Ordering cost for a year CO = no. of orders
per year × ordering cost per order
29/02/2024
= sum of expenses related to

servicing an order
Costs
Carrying cost for 1 order Ch= average

inventory × carrying costs per unit
average inventory = ½ order size

Order quantity
Note: Assume that as many orders as inventories
15
Trade-off between Carrying and
Ordering costs
29/02/2024
16
Ordering cost and Carrying cost

Suppose weekly demand is 100 units, order cost per order is £80,
the value of an item is £50 and carrying cost is 20% of the value of
an item.
29/02/2024
a)If we place one order per year for the product, how much will
the ordering cost and carrying cost be?
b)If we place one order per week, how much will those costs be?
Co for a year = number of orders per year × Co per order
Ch for 1 order = Average inventory × Ch per unit

a) Ordering cost = £80 b) Ordering cost = £4160

Carrying cost = £26000 Carrying cost = £500
17
Trade-off between
Carrying costs and Stockout costs
29/02/2024
Carrying Stockout
costs costs
18
Inventory planning
When to order
29/02/2024
Re-order point
Timing Quantity How much to order
ABC analysis
Inventory flexibility
19
When to order?
Fixed order quantity system Fixed time period system
(Continuous system) (Fixed order interval/ Periodic system)
29/02/2024
 Orders placed with a constant size in  Orders placed for variable amount at
different time period specific time intervals
+ Inventory level continuously monitored. + Proactive occasion.

– Costly. – Less direct control.
Reorder point – ROP ROP = (DD x RC) + SS
The level of inventory at which
a replenishment is placed DD: average daily demand (units)

RC: length of the replenishment cycle (days)
SS: safety stock
20
ROP = (DD x RC) + SS
ROP – Reorder point DD: average daily demand
RC: length of the replenishment cycle (days)
SS: safety stock
29/02/2024
Demand for chicken soup at a supermarket is always 900

packs a month. The shelves are restocked with chicken
soup after 4 days calculating from the moment an order
is sent. The manager always leaves an on-hand inventory
of at least 10 packs.
What is the reorder point?
What is the meaning of the result?
Note: Assuming a month has 30 days

21
How much to order?
Economic Order Quantity EOQ
Annual costs
EOQ model determines:

29/02/2024
 The point at which the sum of

carrying cost and ordering
cost are minimized
TC
 The point at which carrying
cost equal ordering cost
Q* Order quantity
= EOQ
22
Basic EOQ assumptions

1. A continuous, constant, and known rate of demand
2. A constant and known replenishment or lead time
29/02/2024
3. A constant purchase price that is independent of the

order quantity
4. All demand is satisfied
5. No inventory in transit
6. Only one item in inventory or no interaction between
inventory items
7. An infinite planning horizon
8. Unlimited capital availability

23
EOQ cost model
If Q units are ordered:
TC (Q ) = annual ordering cost + annual holding cost + annual
purchasing cost
Annual ordering cost = ordering cost per order × orders per year = Co × D/Q
29/02/2024
Annual holding cost = holding cost per unit × average inventory = Ch × Q/2
Annual purchasing cost = P × D

 D: the number of units demanded per year
𝑪𝟎 𝑫 𝑪𝒉 𝑸  Q: the quantity ordered each time the
⇒ 𝑻𝑪 = + + 𝑷𝑫
𝑸 𝟐 inventory level = 0
Then: 𝐶0 𝐷 𝐶ℎ 𝑄 2𝐶0 𝐷  Co: cost of placing 1 order

2
= ⇒ 𝑄 =
𝑄 2 𝐶ℎ  Ch: annual holding cost/unit
 P: purchase cost/unit
𝟐𝑪𝟎 𝑫
⇒ 𝑬𝑶𝑸 = 𝑸∗ = Problem is to find Q* that minimizes the annual
𝑪𝒉
inventory total cost.
24 EOQ model - Practice
A building materials supplier obtains its bagged cement from a single supplier. Demand is
reasonably constant throughout the year and last year the company sold 2000 tons of this
product. It estimates the costs of placing an order at around £25 each time an order is placed
and the annual cost of holding inventory is 20% of the purchase cost. The company purchases
the cement at £60 per ton.
29/02/2024
a) How much should the company order at a time?

b) How many orders should be placed each year?
c) How much time will elapse between the placements of orders (what is the cycle length)?
➢ D: the number of units demanded 𝑪𝟎 𝑫 𝑪𝒉 𝑸

per year. 𝟐𝑪𝟎 𝑫 ⇒ 𝑻𝑪 = + + 𝑷𝑫
⇒ 𝑸∗ = 𝑸 𝟐
➢ Q: the quantity ordered each time 𝑪𝒉
the inventory level = 0.
➢ Co: cost of placing 1 order. No. of orders per year = D/Q*

➢ Ch: annual holding cost/unit. Time between orders (Cycle) = Q*/D
➢ Pu: purchase cost/unit

Concepts and Tools of Inventory Management
(Continued)
ABC Inventory Control System

Determines which inventories should be counted & managed
more closely than others
▪ Groups inventory as A, B, & C Items

 A items are given the highest priority with larger safety stocks. A items
account for approximately 20% of the total items & about 80% of the total
inventory cost
 B items account for the other about 40% of total items & 15% of total
inventory cost.
 C items have the lowest value and hence lowest priority. They account
for the remaining 40% of total items & 5% of total inventory cost.
26
ABC analysis? Why and how?
 The ABC analysis states that a
company should rate items from
A to C, based on:
29/02/2024
• Sales volume in money (high to low

Standards of evaluation
value
• Sales volume in units (high to low
quantity)
• Fastest-selling items (high to low
speed of selling)
• Item profitability (bring most to
least revenue)
• Item importance (high to low

protective level)
• Fragileness level
27
ABC analysis Flowers
50 $0.50
Sally who owns a grocery store is fairly profitable, but would like
to focus on the items that create more revenue.
Apples
Squashes
150
30
$0.10
29/02/2024
$0.25
Toothbrushes
100 $4.00
Magazines
200
$1.00
Balloons
Stools
Paper towels 400
100
$15.00 200 $1.50 $1.00
28
Stock out (or Shortage cost)

Customer agrees to wait for the item
29/02/2024
Customer chooses other products with the

same objectives
Possible
consequences The customer places an order for the item
that is out of stock and asks to have
the item delivered when it arrives.
Customer cancels the order, buy products

from a competitor and maybe is no longer a
customer
29
Trade-off between
Stockout and service level
29/02/2024
service
Stockout
level
“ The more inventory a
company has, the less likely
29/02/2024
they will have what they need

30
Taiichi Ohno
”
Thank you for your effort.

SV-Chapter 4- Quản lý dự trữ

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SV-Chapter 4- Quản lý dự trữ

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHƯƠNG 4: QUẢN LÝ DỰ TRỮ

• Mục dích của dự trừ

•Các loại dự trừ

• Các loại chỉ phí dự trứ

• Thiết kế hệ thống hàng dự trừ

• Các mô hình quản lý hàng dự trừ:

- Mô hình đặt hàng kinh tế EOQ (Economic Order Quantity Model)

- Điểm tái đặt hàng

- Mức dự trữ an toàn

nhằm tối ưu hoa hiệu quả kinh doanh

Các loại hàng tồn kho:

Sản phẩm trong quá trình sản xuất

Bảo dưỡng, sửa chữa và vận hành

Phân loại hàng tồn kho

Cycle stock (base stock)

Safety stock (buffer stock)

Pipeline stock (in-transit stock)

CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE!

1. ____ refers to stocks of goods and materials that are maintained

for many purposes, the most common being to satisfy normal

CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE!

CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE!

and/or lead time.

CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE!

CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE!

potential shortages of product.

Timing Quantity 1. Ordering costs (chi phí đặt

Carrying cost or Holding cost

→ Vary from product to product

Obsolescence Inventory Storage Handling Insurance Interest

Specialized storage Costs for keeping

= sum of expenses related to

Carrying cost for 1 order Ch= average

average inventory = ½ order size

Ordering cost and Carrying cost

Co for a year = number of orders per year × Co per order

Ch for 1 order = Average inventory × Ch per unit

a) Ordering cost = £80 b) Ordering cost = £4160

+ Inventory level continuously monitored. + Proactive occasion.

a replenishment is placed DD: average daily demand (units)

Demand for chicken soup at a supermarket is always 900

Note: Assuming a month has 30 days

EOQ model determines:

 The point at which the sum of

Basic EOQ assumptions

3. A constant purchase price that is independent of the

8. Unlimited capital availability

Annual purchasing cost = P × D

Then: 𝐶0 𝐷 𝐶ℎ 𝑄 2𝐶0 𝐷  Co: cost of placing 1 order

a) How much should the company order at a time?

➢ D: the number of units demanded 𝑪𝟎 𝑫 𝑪𝒉 𝑸

➢ Co: cost of placing 1 order. No. of orders per year = D/Q*

➢ Pu: purchase cost/unit

ABC Inventory Control System

▪ Groups inventory as A, B, & C Items

• Sales volume in money (high to low

• Item importance (high to low

Stock out (or Shortage cost)

Customer chooses other products with the

Customer cancels the order, buy products

they will have what they need

You might also like