A Case Study: Unraveling Factors Behind the Stray People

Population in Bulan, Sorsogon

Calimlim, John Kristopher L.

Hular, John Brix L.

Diaz, Libril Maien G.

Gentugao Mark Daniel B.

Lazona, Denzel S.

Beato, Andrea Gail G.

Placer, Samantha Kristina G.

Submitted in requirements of Research in Daily life 1

11 STEM BPGF

St. Louise De Marillac School of Bulan Inc

March 2024

John Ryan P. Belon

 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

This chapter will provide an introduction of the topic that

has been chosen. This chapter also includes the background of the

study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study,

significance of the study, scope and delimitation, conceptual

framework, and definition of terms used.

Background of the study

One of humanity’s most complex and serious challenges is the

phenomenon of the street people (Lamberte, 1994). Today, there

are street people in every nation on the planet. According to

Silverio (2018), it is a sign of unequal social order and

unbalanced development that has direct consequences on the

political, cultural, and socioeconomic domains on these people.

Numerous marginalized communities exist in the Philippines,

yet no group is more excluded than the homeless people in this

country nation. The risk that is being evaluated, the health and

hygienic issue, and risk that forced them to move away from the

homeless population.

The term "street people" has diverse meanings in various

nations and civilizations, in addition to the reasons for this

significant issue (Rodriguez, 2014). According to Ibid (2001),

three broad categories have been applied to recognize these

individuals who interact with their families on a regular basis,

but individuals who formerly worked and resided on the streets

spend the majority of their time the streets and are either run

away from their homes, ignored, or abandoned; and Some people

just exist as vagrants.

According to Garrette et al. (2008), those without stable

housing who regularly engage in street culture are considered

homeless, and Milburn et al. (2006) defines a homeless episode as

spending at least one night on the streets. In literary works,

these people are often referred to as pushouts, castaways, or

throwaways.

According to Lee (2008), homelessness is a disability

condition in and of itself that makes it nearly impossible for

homeless people to adapt forever. One could think that there is

no hope for the homeless people in the Philippines. They are

abandoned, neglected, or victims of human trafficking. They're

defenseless and illiterate (Sharp, 2017).

The study will explore contextual elements that may impact

the occurrence of homelessness on the streets in the designated

area and period of time. The results of this study may assist

clarify the underlying reasons of street homelessness in Bulan,

Sorsogon, and guide the development of future treatments and

approaches to successfully deal with this problem.

Statement of the Problem

This research study will be based on a selection of

individuals chosen from various locations within Bulan Sorsogon.

The purpose of this research project will be to uncover factors

behind the stray people population in Bulan, Sorsogon. The

following questions are the focus of this study:

1.) What are the demographic details of the stray people in

terms of:

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Education Attainment

d. Civil Status

e. Timeframe (Duration they spent living on the street)

f. Ethnicity

2.) What are the primary existing reasons of the presence of

stray people on the street of Bulan, Sorsogon?

3.) What are the challenges they experienced and how they

deal with the risks in terms of:

a. Security

b. Health

c. Livelihood

4.) What suggestions and actions may be taken to reduce the

amount of stray people population?

Objectives of the Study

This research will be based on the experiences of the street

people in Bulan, Sorsogon. This research study will unravel

factors behind the stray people population in Bulan, Sorsogon.

This study focuses on the following specific objectives:

1. To explore the factors and root causes contributing to

stray people in Bulan, Sorsogon.

2. To gather and analyze data on the presence of stray

people in Bulan, Sorsogon,

3. To Explore the pathways that lead people and understand

the unique challenges and circumstances that contribute to the

situation of stray people in Bulan, Sorsogon.

4. To identify potential interventions and policy

initiatives that could address the root causes of stray people

population in Bulan, Sorsogon, and support individuals in

transitioning out of street living situations.

Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to unravel the factors

behind the stray population in Bulan, Sorsogon. The findings of

this study will be beneficial to the following:

Stray People. This research study will benefit the stray

people because understanding these factors helps them access

necessary services, improving their lives. Additionally, it

facilitates targeted interventions & opportunities for

reintegration into society.

Community. This research study will be beneficial to the

community because it helps support homeless individuals by

understanding their needs. It also assists homeless individuals

in accessing essential services, improving their quality of life.

Government. This research study will be beneficial to the

local government units to enhance and develop more targeted and

effective interventions towards stray people.

Non-Governmental Organizations. This research study will be

beneficial to non-governmental organizations to tailor their

programs to better meet the needs of stray people populations and

advocate for policy change.

Department of Social Welfare and Development. This research

study may be beneficial to the Department of Social Welfare and

Development as it would provide insights on how to effectively

reduce the population of stray people.

 Future Researchers. This research study may serve as a

reference for researchers to refine and expand their studies in

relation to stray people. This may serve as a source of

information about what factors are behind the stray population.

Scope and Delimitations

This research study aims to uncover the factors behind the

stray people population in Bulan, Sorsogon. This research study

will use a mixed-methods research design. The instruments of this

study will be interviews and surveys. During the interview, hand

written notes and audio recording will be the back-up data. This

research study will use convenience and purposive sampling,

selecting specific individuals who have been identified and

assisted by the Municipal of Social Welfare and Development

(DSWD) of Bulan. This research study will utilize 10 respondents

that involved: Adolescence ranges 12-17 years old, Adulthood

ranges 20-50 years old, and Mature adult ranges 50-80 years old

(Armstrong, 2023).

The respondents from sources outside of Bulan, Sorsogon Area

and MSWDO will be excluded from the sampling to maintain the

focus on individuals identified and assisted by the DSWD Bulan.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

I. Respondent Data II. Analysis of III. Analyzed

 Existing
data through: Data
Reasons for
 Survey  Determining
stray people
the factors
 Demographics:  Interview
of the
diverse in age,
 Document
growing
gender,
analysis amount of
education,
stray people
civil status,  Thematic
 Awareness for
street
analysis
stray people
timeframe, and
population
ethnicity.
 Policy
 Challenges:
improvements
security,
regarding
health, and
stray people
livelihood.
 Find solutions
for stray
people
population.
FEEDBACK

Figure 1. Conceptual paradigm of the study about unraveling

factors behind stray people population

in Bulan, Sorsogon
 This research study aims to unravel factors behind the stray

people population in Bulan, Sorsogon. This research study will

use the Input-Process-Output (IPO) conceptual framework. The

input will include the respondent’s data such as existing reason

for stray people, Demographics such as age, sex, education

attainment, civil status, street timeframe, ethnicity, Challenges

that the respondents experience such as security, health, and

livelihood, to find solutions for stray people population.

The process involves various data analysis methods such as

surveys, interviews, Document analysis, and thematic analysis.

The output encompasses findings related to factors contributing

to stray population growth, raising awareness, and enhancing

policies. The framework illustrates the interconnectedness and

flow of elements through arrows, highlighting the transformation

of input into outputs and the feedback loop between input,

process, and output (Salam, 2015).

Definition of Terms

In order to give clarification to our study, the following

terms are defined:

Stray People. According to SOAR Work! (2018), the stray

people are an individual with no permanent living arrangement.

Stary people are the respondents of this research study. Using

different kinds of instruments, it helps us collect data

regarding stray people.

Unraveling. According to the Merriam webster's dictionary

(2024), unraveling means to investigate and silver or explain

something complicated or puzzling. In this study, this term means

to uncover the underlying factors about stray people population.

Factors. According to Collins Dictionary (2023), a factor is

one of the things that affects an event, decision, or situation.

In this study, these are the possible causes of being considered

stray individuals.

Demographics. According to Indeed (2023), demographic refers

to the specific characteristics within a given population and

include such things as age, income level, and geographic

location. In this study, it aims to analyze the demographic

details of stray people.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter provides an overview of previous research and

literature relevant to the current study, serving as a valuable

resource to help researchers understand, interpret, and discuss

the study.

Foreign Literature

According to Kennedy (2020) stated an analysis that

indicated the extent of homelessness worldwide is a socioeconomic

problem that is becoming more and more of a national and

international concern. Homelessness affects about 1% of people in

large cities worldwide, and both the dilemma of managing the

difficulties is one that both industrialized and emerging nations

face. linked to being homeless. Furthermore, a multitude of

social, economic, and political factors have contributed to the

increase in homelessness as an issue affecting the stability of

both urban and rural communities.

The literature above bears significance to the current study

because it discusses homelessness globally, focusing on America,

and highlighted the causes and challenges. The study is relevant

to our current research on the causes of homelessness among

Filipinos, as it shares similar goals of understanding the

factors leading to homelessness and assessing government efforts

to address it, despite being conducted in a different location

and time period.

According to Grenier (2016), Older people experiencing

homelessness are becoming more of a concern in Canada due to

demographic changes. Research and policies often focus on younger

populations, but there is a need to pay attention to the unique

needs of older individuals who are homeless. Current studies

overlook this issue, so more research is needed to understand the

scope of the problem, the experiences of older homeless

individuals, and the gaps in knowledge. Ultimately, there is a

call for a comprehensive research agenda to create effective

policies and practices to end homelessness among older people in

Canada.

The literature above bears significance to the current study

because it focuses on homelessness among individuals living on

the streets in Canada, highlighting the lack of support for

elderly homeless people. While current efforts mainly target

younger homeless individuals, there is a significant gap in

addressing the needs of older individuals experiencing

homelessness. This lack of attention to elderly homelessness

shows a flaw in current initiatives, which do not consider the

various challenges faced by people of different age groups.

 According to Richards and Kuhn (2023), there is evidence

that substance use may increase with the duration of unsheltered

homelessness. Among unsheltered adults in London, longer

durations of unsheltered homelessness were accompanied by

increased daily substance use, injection drug use, and

dependency. Substance use was a commonly reported cause of

homelessness, and 80% reported using at least 1 additional drug

since homelessness onset.

The above literature bears significance to the current study

because it demonstrates how drug and alcohol use contributes to

an increase in the number of stray people. This might help this

study investigation determine the causes of the stray population

and provide a fuller picture of their existence in Bulan,

Sorsogon.

According to Morton (2017) He suggests that it's important

to target specific groups of homeless youth and gather data to

see if they're getting the help they need. By keeping an eye on

things and adjusting services as needed, it can make sure

everyone gets the support they require. The principles guiding

effective strategies in these areas stress the importance of

quick access, personalized approaches, cultural sensitivity, and

understanding trauma. They also emphasize strategies like

"Housing First" and supporting families. These efforts aim to

help young people find stable housing, connect with their

communities, succeed in education and work, and develop social

and emotional skills.

The literature above bears significance to the current

study since it emphasizes the importance of targeting specific

groups of homeless youth and providing them with tailored

support. It suggests strategies such as quick access to services,

personalized approaches, cultural sensitivity, and trauma-

informed care, including initiatives like "Housing First" and

family support.

According to Brink (2015), addressing psychological

factors is crucial to break the cycle of poverty. Children

experiencing stress that is not managed properly can develop

negative emotions like anger and sadness. Exposure to trauma and

violence can increase the risk of mental illness, which in turn

can contribute to ongoing poverty. Psychological support is

necessary to prevent these children from ending up in the justice

system.

The above literature is relevant to the present study as

it explores the impact of psychological factors on the cycle of

poverty and the need for intervention to support vulnerable

children.
Local Literature

According to Leal (2023), despite being one of Southeast

Asia's economies with the quickest growth, the Philippines has a

situation of homelessness. There are roughly 4.5 million homeless

individuals, including the 106 million inhabitants of the

Philippines, including their children. In the Philippines, there

are several factors that contribute to homelessness, such as job

loss, poor income or a lack of steady employment are the main

causes of poverty and homelessness.

The above literature bears significance to the present study

because it sheds light on the widespread issue of homelessness in the

Philippines, with factors such as job loss, poor income, and economic

challenges contributing to the situation.

According to Brown and Ballard (2019), the Philippines is

experiencing massive population growth that has intensified

competition for jobs in the labor market as well as access to

housing. The population of the Philippines has increased from 43

million in 1970 to 100 million in 2014. This explosive growth

during this period also occurred in conjunction with the

depletion of natural resources such as forests and arable land,

which has resulted in increasing food prices, yet another factor

that compromises Filipina’s ability to make ends meet. An

increase in population size makes families more vulnerable to

unemployment in the formal sector due to competition. Loss of

family income, particularly in a country with an average family

size of 4.4 people, could result in family homelessness. This

risk is especially elevated when take into consideration the lack

of available and adequate housing.

The literature above bears significance in the current study

because it explores key factors contributing to homelessness,

such as low income, unemployment, high food costs, and lack of

housing. By understanding these issues, it can better grasp the

challenges faced by those experiencing homelessness. By

incorporating this knowledge into the current research study, it

can create effective policies and interventions to tackle

homelessness.

According to Philipp (2020), the four key causes of

homelessness in the Philippines: poverty and low income, domestic

violence leading to job loss and housing challenges, human

trafficking resulting in coerced prostitution, and natural

disasters such as typhoons and volcanic eruptions causing loss of

homes and displacement of families. These factors contribute to

families seeking opportunities in urban areas due to poverty and

unemployment, with approximately 21.6% of the population living

below the national poverty line.

The literature above bears significance in the current study

because it discussed the causes such as poverty, domestic

violence, human trafficking, and natural disasters. This will be

significant for this study as it helps better grasp the

challenges facing homeless individuals and families in the

country and adds to our overall understanding of homelessness.

According to Philipp (2020), there are four different

categories of homeless families according to the Modified

Conditional Cash Transfer for Homeless Families (MCCT-HSF)

program: families on the street. These are the families who earn

their living on the street but eventually return to their

original community. They make up about 75% of the homeless

population. Displaced homeless families These are the families

who have lost their homes due to natural disasters. This class

may likewise incorporate families and children who might be

getting away from maltreatment at home or leaving their community

to work in the city. Community-based Street families These are

the families leaving their rural community to move to urban areas

for a better lifestyle but ending up returning to their rural

community.

The literature above is significant in this study because it

discussed the types and groups of stray people and how they end

up in these 4 categories to further gain a deeper understanding

of their presence in specific communities, life in Bulan,

Sorsogon.
 According to Nicolas & Gray (2018), homelessness is a

significant issue in Metro Manila, the capital of the

Philippines, where it has the highest homeless population

globally. Studies estimate that around 2.8 million people,

including 1.2 million children, live in slums in Metro Manila,

with a portion residing in areas not suitable for human

habitation. Recent research indicates complex reasons for

homelessness, including structural violence and circumstances

beyond individuals' control (Chang, 2015). Homeless families

often live in makeshift wooden pushcarts called karitons, which

serve as both shelter and a means of livelihood (Brown, 2014).

The literature presented is highly relevant to the

ongoing study focusing on the prevalent issue of homelessness in

Metro Manila, Philippines. It delves into the multifaceted

factors contributing to the high rates of homelessness in urban

areas, particularly in slums.

According to Amper (2022), explores the phenomenon of

street living in urban areas. It addresses the fact that streets

are primarily meant for transportation and not as places to live,

but due to housing challenges, lack of livelihood opportunities,

and urbanization, informal settlements and street life have

emerged. The literature focuses on residents in Cebu City, forced

to live on the streets and sidewalks, often in areas popular with

tourists. Through street ethnography, the book reveals the

origins and circumstances of those living and working in downtown

Cebu City's cultural site.

The previously mentioned research is related to the

current study because it identifies the factors that led to the

rapid urbanization that brought about Cebu City, as well as their

own living standards and the story of how street dwellers in a

Cebu City heritage site came to live and work in a particular

area of the city. Although they address different subjects than

the current study, they all aim to help homeless individuals

change their lives and give academics a better understanding and

perception of the issues that affect them. But after carefully

reviewing this data, it is still unclear what steps should be

taken to improve government programs that address poverty and

homelessness and permanently assist these Filipinos in ending

their status as homeless.

Foreign Studies

According to Alawiye (2022), A study conducted the main

cause of street child’s issues in Nigeria and other developing

countries is poverty, which leads to families struggling and

children ending up on the streets. Governments and communities

have not done enough to address this problem. To help these

children, it's important to prioritize child care, enforce laws

protecting children's rights, and support more organizations

working with street children. By improving support systems and

involving more NGOs, it can make a difference in the lives of

these vulnerable children.

The study above is related to the present study since both

studies focus on social issues affecting vulnerable populations

in different situations. Both studies examine the root causes and

factors contributing to the challenges faced by marginalized

groups. However, the previous study looks at street children in

Nigeria and their impact on society, while the current study

investigates the factors influencing the stray people population

in Bulan, Sorsogon.

According to Hills (2016), a study conducted that focused on

street children in Durban, South Africa, aiming to understand

their experiences. Interviews with ten teenagers showed they

faced violence, substance abuse, and life challenges. However,

they coped through personal strength, cultural beliefs, support

from friends, and sports. The study suggests promoting mental

health and preventing violence and substance use among street

children, emphasizing activities that offer hope and meaning.

The study above is related to the present study since both

studies aim to explore challenges faced by vulnerable populations

in different contexts, emphasizing the impact of living

conditions and the need for interventions to promote well-being.

However, he previous study focuses on the experiences of street

children and their coping strategies, while the current study

will investigates factors affecting the stray people population

in Bulan, Sorsogon.

According to the Fekadu et al. (2014), a study conducted

that focuses on countries with limited social and health support

systems, the prevalence of mental disorders among homeless

individuals is expected to be significant. To start addressing

this issue, a study was carried out in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to

assess the extent of psychotic disorders, unmet needs, mental

distress, suicidal thoughts, and alcohol use disorders among the

homeless population.

The study above is related to the present study since both

studies focuses on vulnerable populations and the assessment of

issues within these marginalized groups. Both studies underscore

the significance of addressing social support needs, highlighting

the challenges they face due to limited support systems. However,

the previous study targeted psychotic disorders and alcohol use

disorders among homeless individuals, while the current study

will examine differing factors influencing the stray people

population.

According to Hai (2014), the study conducted with a purpose

of exploring the challenges faced by street children, how they

cope with their difficulties, and their current living

conditions. The research utilized qualitative methods like focus

group discussions and case studies with the assistance of the

Underprivileged Children's Educational Programs (UCEP)

organization to collect information from 74 street children in

Mirpur and Lalbagh areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study

highlighted the significant impact of poverty, insecurity, lack

of support systems, and other factors on the lives of these

children. Due to their limited job opportunities, the children

often face oppression, insecurity, and various issues while

living on the streets. The research identified specific coping

strategies that street children use to deal with their challenges

and stresses.

The study above is related to the present study since both

studies address challenges faced by stray people. Similarly, both

studies highlight the impact of poverty, lack of support systems,

and insecurity on the lives of stray people populations. However,

the previous study focuses on street children in urban areas,

while the current study delves into factors behind the stray

people population in Bulan, Sorsogon. The methodologies used in

the previous study is different from the current study due to the

unique contexts and populations under investigation.

 According to Yang et al. (2023), a study entitled Improving

the Living Conditions of the Homeless Population. Due to China’s

fast-growing economy and city development, more people are moving

to urban areas, causing a rise in homeless individuals. Despite

efforts to help them, homelessness remains a major issue in

society. One problem is that the current assistance programs

focus on treating symptoms rather than addressing the root

causes.

The study above is related to the current study since both

studies aim to address the root causes of homelessness and

propose solutions to effectively support the affected individuals

in their respective contexts.

Local Studies

According to Atiza (2017), a study of Sorsogon Literary

Collection of the Experiences of Homeless Street People. This

study looked at the experiences of homeless people living on the

streets in Sorsogon City, Philippines. It involved four

individuals of different ages and genders. The research used a

storytelling approach and analyzed the data using codes. The

findings showed that homeless people in Sorsogon City come from

diverse backgrounds in terms of age, gender, education, and how

they make a living. Each person had their own reasons for being

homeless, usually related to their work situation. They faced

challenges with safety, health, and finding ways to make a

living. Some accepted help and opportunities while others didn't.

Most of the support they received came from NGOs, private groups,

and individuals, rather than the local government. The study's

results inspired the idea for a story based on these findings.

The study above is related to the current study since both

studies aim to understand the factors contributing to the

presence of stray people and explore the challenges they face in

terms of security, health, and livelihood. In addition, the

current study will know the demographics of the stray people such

as age, sex, education attainment.

According to Ariza et al. (2019), a study of Homeless

Children in the Streets explores the lives of homeless children

living on the streets in the Philippines, a growing issue linked

to poverty in the country. Street children are young individuals

without homes who rely on begging for survival. Lack of education

often leads to families depending on their children to alleviate

poverty. When faced with difficult circumstances, these children

often feel a sense of acceptance. Six children in Manila City

were interviewed for this study using different approaches to

gather information. The findings revealed that neglect,

abandonment, and abuse are primary reasons why these children end

up on the streets. The researchers concluded that these children

are resourceful and resilient in their survival, showcasing

adaptability and creativity in difficult situations.

The study above is related to the present study since both

studies seek to understand the difficulties stray people face and

aim to find ways to support them better. Despite dealing with

different populations, the shared goal is to shed light on their

struggles and work towards helping them lead better lives.

According to Roque (2019), a study conducted and focuses on

the interplay between enabling and constraining aspects of

institutional connections, location, and social networks

influences the way homeless people live. There are more ways to

end street homelessness than just giving them somewhere to live

and helping them get back to their communities and regions.

The study above is related to the present study since both

studies show that homelessness is complex and involves more than

just finding homes and reconnecting with communities. Exploring

the root causes and complexities of homelessness, both studies

aim to offer valuable insights that can help create better

solutions to address this issue in society.

According to Agulles and Cárcel (2023), the study discusses

how views on homelessness have evolved from focusing on

individual reasons to seeing it as a larger issue related to

social exclusion. It analyzes photographs taken by a journalist

over a span of years to understand how different perspectives

influence images of homelessness. The study shows a shift from

individual-focused portrayals to a greater emphasis on structural

housing problems, reflecting changing social perceptions of

homelessness.

The study above is related to the present study since both

studies focuses on the importance of understanding the underlying

causes of complex societal problems, such as homelessness and

high populations of stray individuals, in order to address them

effectively.

According to CHR (2023), national policies distinguish

between the homeless and those in vulnerable living situations

based on where they live. The Sagip Kalinga Project defines the

homeless as individuals who spend significant time in public

places as their homes or for livelihood. They can be street

dwellers, street children, beggars, or indigenous peoples. On the

other hand, the MCCT-HSF considers the homeless as those without

suitable housing, including those in open-air environments due to

losing homes from disasters or human-made events.

The study above is related to the present study since both

studies shows the importance of understanding the different

circumstances and backgrounds of homeless individuals to develop

effective strategies for assistance and support.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter defines the research methods used to conduct

the study. The researcher explains how the necessary data and

information to address the research objectives and questions were

collected, presented, and analyzed. Reasons and justifications

for the research design, research instruments, data collection

instruments, data analysis procedure used are given.

Research Design
 This research study utilized a case study approach by using

a mixed-methods research design in unraveling factors behind the

stray people in Bulan, Sorsogon. A case study is a research

method that aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive

understanding of the case being studied and involves a close look

and analysis of a specific thing like a person, group, event, or

situation to understand it better (Hassan, 2023).

A case study approach, according to Hecker and Kalporas

(2024), is a way of studying something closely in its real-life

setting. It helped the study to get a deep understanding of

details that might not be obvious through other research methods.

Case studies use different sources like documents, interviews, or

observations to paint a full picture of what is being studied.

Respondents of the Study

This research study utilized 10 respondents from the stray

people population in Bulan, Sorsogon, including children, middle-

aged adults, and older adults. A purposive sampling and

convenience sampling technique, selecting specific individuals

who have been identified and assisted by the Municipal Social

Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO) of Bulan, Sorsogon, is

used to collect data in this study.

This research study used a purposive sampling to obtain data

from stray people in the streets of Bulan, Sorsogon City,

Philippines. The respondents are chosen based on their

suitability according to the specified criteria. The following

conditions are meet to be included: (a) the respondents' records

in Municipal Social Welfare Development (MSWD); (b) their

experience of homelessness; Using this type of sampling, it

allowed to the researchers to obtain relevant and quality data

that is relevant to the research question and all other

individuals who did not meet the criteria is excluded from the

sample (Jordan, 2021).

This study also used convenience sampling to select

participants for the study. Convenience sampling is commonly used

because it is quick, cost-effective, and easy, as participants

are easily accessible (Edgar and Manz, 2017).

Research Instrument

The researchers arranged a one-on-one interview with the

respondents, which aligns with the purposive and convenience

sampling technique employed in this study. They employed an

unstructured interview format to collect the data by using an

unstructured interview, the factors influencing the number of

stray individuals in Bulan, Sorsogon, are discovered.

 This research study used open-ended survey questionnaire

consisting of questions formulated by the researchers. The

questions provided answers in line with the statement of the

problem of this study. Questions 1 gathered demographic

information about the respondents such as varied in terms of,

age, sex, education attainment, and civil status, timeframe, and

ethnicity. Questions 2, aimed to know the primary existing reason

of the presence of stray people in Bulan, Sorsogon. Question 3,

aimed to know the challenges the respondents experienced and how

the respondents deal with the risk.

This research study allowed follow-up questions and also

addressed potential causes of stray people population in Bulan,

Sorsogon. A letter of informed permission stressing

confidentiality and the value of truthful answers are included

with the questionnaire.

Data Gathering Procedure

This research study used interviews and surveys to collect

appropriate data on the factors influencing the Stray People

Population in Bulan, Sorsogon. The first step in data collecting,

the researchers make an unstructured interview and open-ended

questionnaire. Next, the researchers make a face-to-face contact

with target respondents who have been identified and assisted by

the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO) of

Bulan, Sorsogon, to explain the goal of the study and help data

collection activities.

Next, researchers planned the time and place to contact

respondents, confirm survey and interview schedules, and reach

agreements. All the respondents are asked first for permission

and prior parental consent is obtained for the child respondents

(Anderson, 2004). Then, survey papers are distributed to the

respondents. After distributed one questionnaire, researchers

conducted interviews with participants. During the interview,

handwritten notes and audio recorded for the back-up data.

This study used thematic analysis, a popular method in

qualitative research, involves organizing and simplifying data,

transcribing interviews, visually presenting data, and drawing

conclusions. This process helps researchers to make sense of the

information collected and identify new insights (Caulfeild,

2023).

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