(eBook PDF) A Brief History of the

Romans 2nd Edition

Go to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-a-brief-history-of-the-romans-2nd-edition/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

(eBook PDF) India: Brief History of a Civilization 2nd

Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-india-brief-history-of-
a-civilization-2nd-edition/

(eBook PDF) A Brief History of Modern Psychology, 2nd

Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-a-brief-history-of-
modern-psychology-2nd-edition/

(eBook PDF) The Romans: From Village to Empire: A

History of Rome from Earliest Times to the End of the
Western Empire 2nd Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-the-romans-from-village-
to-empire-a-history-of-rome-from-earliest-times-to-the-end-of-
the-western-empire-2nd-edition/

(Original PDF) Cultures of the West: A History 2nd

Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/original-pdf-cultures-of-the-west-
a-history-2nd-edition/
(eBook PDF) Ways of the World with Sources, Volume 2: A
Brief Global History 4th Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-ways-of-the-world-with-
sources-volume-2-a-brief-global-history-4th-edition/

(eBook PDF) Ways of the World with Sources, Volume 1: A

Brief Global History 4th Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-ways-of-the-world-with-
sources-volume-1-a-brief-global-history-4th-edition/

(eBook PDF) Islam in the Indian Ocean World: A Brief

History with Documents

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-islam-in-the-indian-
ocean-world-a-brief-history-with-documents/

(eBook PDF) America: A Narrative History (Brief Tenth

Edition) (Vol. 2) Brief Tenth Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-america-a-narrative-
history-brief-tenth-edition-vol-2-brief-tenth-edition/

(eBook PDF) Thinking Through Sources for Ways of the

World, Volume 1: A Brief Global History 4th Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-thinking-through-
sources-for-ways-of-the-world-volume-1-a-brief-global-
history-4th-edition/
 CONTENTS
5

Maps xiii
Figures xv
Plates xvii
Preface to the Second Edition xix
Preface to the First Edition xxi
Acknowledgments xxiii
Notes to the Reader xxv

5
1 Archaic Italy and the Origins of Rome
Italy and the Mediterranean World 1
Italy Before the City 4
Greeks and Phoenicians in the Central Mediterranean 5
The Rise of Cities 6
Beginning of Writing 7
Appearance of an Elite 7
Cities and Monumental Architecture 7
Warfare in the Orientalizing and Archaic Periods 9
Social and Economic Organization 9
Greeks and Etruscans 11
The Emergence of Rome 14
The Romans and Their Early History 17
Table 1.1 Dates of Rome’s Kings According to Varro 18
Source 1.1 Romulus Founds Rome (Plutarch) 18
v
vi Contents

Politics and Society Under the Kings 19

Rome and the Latins 21

5
2 Republican Rome and the Conquest of Italy
The Early Republic 24
Rome and Its Neighbors in the Fifth Century 26
Struggle of the Orders 27
Fall of Veii and the Sack of Rome 30
The City and Its Institutions in the Fourth Century 32
Officials 32
Senate 34
Assemblies of Citizens 36
Table 2.1 Roman Assemblies 36
The City, Its Gods, and Its Priests 39
Rome and Central Italy 41
Warfare and the Civic Order 41
Rome in Latium and Campania 42
Source 2.1 A Formal Surrender to Rome 42
Samnite Wars 45
Wars in Central and Northern Italy 46
Conquest of the South 47
War and the Roman State 48

5
3 The Beginnings of a Mediterranean Empire
The Nobility and the City of Rome 50
Source 3.1 Triumph of Scipio Africanus (Appian) 53
Wars with Carthage 54
First Punic War (264–241) 55
Second Punic War (218–201) 58
Source 3.2 Rome’s Reaction to Defeat at Cannae
(Polybius) 62
A Mediterranean Empire 64
Governors, Provinces, and Empire 64
Spain 66
Greece and Asia Minor 68
 Contents vii

Source 3.3 P opillius Laenas Forestalls Antiochus’ Invasion

of Egypt (Polybius) 72
North Africa 72

5
4 Italy and Empire
Senators, Officials, and Citizen Assemblies 74
Italy and the Consequences of Empire 77
Changing Relations Between Rome, Its Municipia,
and Allies 77
Roman and Italian Elites 79
Source 4.1 Scipio Africanus’ Army Loots Carthago
Nova (Polybius) 80
Demographic and Economic Changes 82
Roman Politics from the Mid-Second Century 84
Scipio Aemilianus 85
Tiberius Gracchus 86
Source 4.2 Tiberius Gracchus Urges Romans to Support his
Land-Assignment Scheme (Plutarch) 88
Gaius Gracchus 89

5
5 Italy Threatened, Enfranchised, Divided
Changes in Roman Society 94
War with Jugurtha (112–105) 98
Italy Threatened from the North (113–101) 99
Changes in the Roman Army 100
Marius’ Career in Roman Politics 101
Source 5.1 Marius’ Bid for the Consulship (Sallust) 102
Sixth Consulship of Marius and Second Tribunate
of Saturninus (100) 103
Administration of the Provinces 104
Tribunate of Livius Drusus (91) 107
Social War (91–87) 107
Tribunate of Sulpicius Rufus (88) 110
Sulla’s First March on Rome (88) 111
Cinna’s Rule (87–84) 112
Sulla’s Second March on Rome (83–82) 113
viii Contents

5
6 The Domination of Sulla and Its Legacy
Sulla’s Proscriptions (82–81) 116
Sulla the Dictator and His Program (82–81) 117
Verdicts on Sulla’s Program 118
Lepidus’ Rising and Its Aftermath (78–77) 120
Source 6.1 Cicero’s Defense of Sextus Roscius 120
Challenge from Sertorius in Spain (80–73) 121
Spartacus’ Slave Revolt (73–71) 124
Consulship of Crassus and Pompey (70) 125
Pompey Frees the Mediterranean of Pirates (67) 125
Threat from King Mithridates VI of Pontus and Sulla’s
Response (87–85) 126
Campaigns of Lucullus and Pompey Against Mithridates
(74–63) 128
Roles of Crassus and Cicero in Rome (65–63) 130
Catiline’s Rising (63–62) 134

5
7 End of the Republic: Caesar’s Dictatorship
Pompey’s Return from the East (62) 136
Pompey and Political Stalemate in Rome 137
Partnership of Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar 139
Caesar’s First Consulship (59) 139
Clodius’ Tribunate (58) 141
Cicero’s Recall and the Renewal of the Triumvirate (57–56) 142
Caesar’s Campaigns in Gaul (58–51) 143
Death of Clodius and Pompey’s Sole Consulship (52) 144
Prospect of Civil War (51–49) 148
Causes and Consequences of Caesar Crossing the Rubicon
(January 49) 149
Civil War Campaigns (49–45) 150
Caesar’s Activity as Dictator (49–44) 152
Caesar’s Impact upon the City of Rome 156
Political Prospects for Rome and for Caesar 156
 Contents ix

5
8 Augustus and the Transformation of the Roman World
Reactions to the Assassination of Caesar (44–43) 160
Emergence of a Second Triumvirate (43) 164
Battle of Philippi (42) 165
Perusine War (41–40) 166
Elimination of Sextus Pompey and Lepidus (39–36) 167
Source 8.1 Laudatio Turiae 168
Antony in the East (42 Onwards) 169
Clash Between Antony and Octavian (36–30) 171
Octavian as Sole Ruler (30 Onwards) 172
“The Republic Restored” 173
Second Settlement (23) 175
The Roman Family in the Augustan Period 176
Table 8.1 The Julio-Claudian Family 178
Succession 179
Senate and Equites 181
Army 183
Source 8.2 Oath of Loyalty 185
The Empire and Its Expansion 185
City of Rome 189
Attitudes Outside Rome 191
Augustus: Final Assessment 191

5
9 The Early Principate ( . . 14–69): The Julio-Claudians,
AD

the Civil War of 68–69, and Life in the Early Empire

The Julio-Claudian Emperors: Civil Government and Military
Concerns 193
Tiberius (14–37) 194
Gaius (Caligula) (37–41) 195
Claudius (41–54) 196
Nero (54–68) 199
Civil War in 68–69 201
Economic and Social Change: Army 204
x Contents

“Beneficial Ideology” 205

Cities and Provinces 206
Diversity: Women, Local Languages, and Culture 207
Religious Practices and Principles 209
Imperial Cult 211

5
1 0 Military Expansion and Its Limits: The Empire and the
Provinces (69–138)
Institutionalization of the Principate 213
Vespasian (69–79) 214
Titus (79–81) 216
Domitian (81–96) 217
A New, Better Era? 217
Nerva (96–98) 219
Trajan (98–117) 220
Table 10.1 The Antonine Family 224
Hadrian (117–138) 225
Source 10.1 Hadrian Inspects Troops at Lambaesis,
Numidia 227
Roman Cities and the Empire’s Peoples 228
Theaters and Processions 228
Circuses and Chariot Racing 231
The Amphitheater and Gladiatorial Games 231
Other Urban Amenities and Education 233

5
1 1 Italy and the Provinces: Civil and Military Affairs (138–235)
Antoninus Pius (138–161) 237
Source 11.1 A Greek Provincial Praises Roman
Citizenship 239
Marcus Aurelius (161–180) and Lucius Verus (161–169) 239
Commodus (176–192, Sole Augustus after 180) 243
Septimius Severus (193–211) 245
Caracalla (198–217, Sole Augustus After 211) 247
 Contents xi

Macrinus (217–218) 248

Elagabalus (218–222) 248
Table 11.1 The Severan Family 249
Severus Alexander (222–235) 250
Roman Law 251
Roman Citizenship 252
Source 11.2 Grant of Roman Citizenship (Tabula
Banasitana) 253
Rome and Christianity 256
Source 11.3 Pliny, Trajan, and Christians 257

5
1 2 The Third-Century Crisis and the Tetrarchic Restabilization
Mid-Third Century 261
Aurelian (270–275) 265
Diocletian and the Tetrarchy (284–305) 266
Dissolution of the Tetrarchy (305–313) and the Rise
of Constantine (306–324) 270
Source 12.1 Galerius’ Edict of Toleration 272
Administrative Reorganization Under the Dominate 273

5
1 3 The Rise of Christianity and the Growth of the Barbarian
Threat (324–395)
Constantine: A Christian Emperor 281
The Sons of Constantine (337–361): The Power of Dynasty 285
Table 13.1 The Constantinian Family 286
Julian (361–363): A Test of the Christian Empire 290
Source 13.1 Julian Attempts to Bring Paganism into Line with
Christianity 291
Jovian, Valentinian I, and Valens (363–378) 291
Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius I (379–395) 293
New Elites for the Empire 296
Paganism and Christianity 298
Source 13.2 The End of Pagan Sacrifice 299
xii Contents

5
1 4 The Final Years of the Western Empire and Rome’s Revival
in the East
The Theodosian Dynasty Down to the First Sack of Rome
(395–410) 302
Table 14.1 The Theodosian Family 303
The Fall of the Western Empire (410–476) 308
Source 14.1 The Gothic King Athaulf’s Shifting Attitude
Toward Rome 309
The Growth of a Byzantine Empire in the East (408–491) 311
A Christian Culture 315
Women’s Power in Late Antiquity 319
The “Decline and Fall” of the Roman Empire 320

Timeline 323
Glossary 328
Art Credits 338
Gazetteer 340
Index 344
Color plate follows p. 166
 MAPS
5

Endpaper, front, Roman World

1.1 Archaic Italy 2
1.2 Northern Italy 13
1.3 Rome in the Early Republic (before 300 b.c.) 15

2.1 Latium and Southern Etruria 28

2.2 Southern Italy 44

3.1 Western Mediterranean in the Mid-Third Century 56

3.2 Italy 60
3.3 Iberian Peninsula 63
3.4 Greece, the Aegean, and Western Asia Minor 69

5.1 Rome’s Wars, 113–82 96

6.1 Rome’s Wars, 78–63 122

7.1 Campaigns of Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey, 58–45 146

7.2 Rome in the Late Republic 155

8.1 Roman Campaigns, 44–30 162

8.2 Expansion of the Empire in the Age of Augustus 186
8.3 Rome at the Death of Augustus 190

9.1 Roman Empire in a.d. 69 202

xiii
xiv Maps

10.1 Rome’s Northern Provinces Around a.d. 100 218

10.2 Eastern Expansion of the Empire in the Early Second Century 223
10.3 Rome at the Death of Trajan (a.d. 117) 229

11.1 Campaigns of Marcus Aurelius and the Severan Emperors 240

12.1 The Empire’s North and West in the “Age of Crisis” 263
12.2 Roman Empire of Diocletian and Constantine 274

13.1 Major Battle Sites of the Fourth Century 288

14.1 The Barbarian Invasions 306

14.2 Constantinople in Late Antiquity 313

Endpaper, back, Roman Italy

 FIGURES
5

1.1 Banquet scene, Murlo 8

1.2 Etruscan chariot-body panel 9
1.3 Reconstruction of the Portonaccio Temple, Veii 10
1.4 Umbrian warrior figure 11
1.5 Processional frieze, Acquarossa 12
1.6 Statue of Apollo, Portonaccio Temple, Veii 17
1.7a Thirteen altars, Lavinium 22
1.7b Statue of Minerva, Lavinium 22
2.1 Servian wall 31
2.2 Anatomical votive 39
2.3 Relief of games, Clusium 40
2.4 Warrior plaque, Praeneste 45
3.1 Togato Barberini 54
3.2 Bronze ingot 58
3.3 Early Roman denarius 59
4.1 Temple of Dionysus model, Vulci 78
4.2 Marble temple, Rome 81
4.3 “House of the Faun” plan, Pompeii 82
4.4 Lead slingshots from Sicily 84
5.1 Italian coins issued during the Social War 108
5.2 Samnite sanctuary, Pietrabbondante 109
5.3 Reconstruction of the sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia,
Praeneste 114
xv
xvi Figures

6.1 Amphitheater, Pompeii 119

6.2 Bust, possibly Sulla 120
6.3 Coin of Mithridates issued in Asia 127
6.4 Inscription on Hypsicrateia/Hypsicrates monument 130
6.5 Bust of Cicero 131
6.6a, b Settefinestre villa: plan and garden wall 132
7.1 Bust of Pompey 137
7.2 Bust of Julius Caesar 139
7.3 Coin bearing the image of Julius Caesar 153
7.4a, b Curia Julia, exterior and interior 157
8.1 Coin of Brutus 165
8.2 Bust of Mark Antony 167
8.3a, b Images of Cleopatra 170
8.4 Gold coin of Octavian 174
8.5 Bust of Livia 180
8.6 Centurion’s tomb monument 184
8.7 Head of Augustus, Meroe 187
9.1 Relief of Claudius subduing Britain, Aphrodisias 198
9.2 Gold coin of Nero and Agrippina, a.d. 54 199
9.3 Statue of Eumachia, Pompeii 208
9.4 Relief dedicated to the Nutrices, Ptuj 210
10.1 Panels from the Arch of Titus, Rome 215
10.2 Two bands of the relief on Trajan’s Column, Rome 221
10.3 Statue of Hadrian, Hierapytna 226
10.4 Roman theater, Mérida 230
10.5 Roman charioteer’s funerary monument 232
10.6 Pont du Gard, near Nîmes 234
11.1 Relief of Claudius’ harbor, north of Ostia 238
11.2 Bust of Commodus as Hercules 244
11.3 Family tombstone, near Székesfehérvár 254
11.4 View of Lepcis Magna 255
12.1 Capture of Valerian 264
12.2 Group portrait of the tetrarchs, Venice 268
12.3 Tetrarchic Villa Romuliana 278
 Figures xvii

13.1 South side of the Arch of Constantine, Rome 282

13.2 Sol Invictus medallion 284
13.3a, b, c, d Fourth-century coins 292
13.4 Obelisk base from the Hippodrome of Constantinople 295
14.1 Diptych of Stilicho and Serena 304
14.2 Theodosian walls of Constantinople 312
14.3a, b Simeon the Stylite 317

PLATES
5

1a Tomb of the Augurs, Tarquinii

1b Forum Romanum
2a South Frieze of the Ara Pacis Augustae, Rome
2b Riot at Pompeii fresco
3a Agrippina as priestess
3b Staffordshire (or Ilam) pan, England
4 View of Trajan’s colony at Timgad
5a Isis Giminiana (Ostia tomb painting)
5b Painting of Septimius Severus and his family
6a Mosaic amphitheater scenes, Zliten, Libya
6b Jerusalem in a mosaic map, Madaba, Jordan
7 Apse mosaic, church of Santa Pudenziana, Rome
8 Notitia Dignitatum illustration
This page intentionally left blank
 PREFACE TO THE
SECOND EDITION
5

This second edition reflects the changes made in the second edition of The Romans
from Village to Empire, published in 2012. In particular, the coverage now continues
for a further two centuries, to around a.d. 500. For this purpose, Noel Lenski has
rewritten the final chapter of the first edition and has added two fresh chapters. In
the meantime, the opening five chapters of the first edition have been reworked and
trimmed to become four, so that there is now only one more chapter than before
(fourteen instead of thirteen). Another distinctive and enriching feature of the second
edition is the inclusion of eight pages of color plates. As a result, it has been possible
to present in color some illustrations that previously could only appear in grayscale,
and to expand the range of pictures. There is fuller discussion of some aspects of
social, cultural, and religious history. Considerable changes have been made to
Boxes (now Sources), Suggested Readings, and the presentation of maps. At the end,
the Gazetteer now precedes the Index.

New to This Edition

• Timeline of the book has been expanded by about 200 years, down at least to the
fall of the western empire in the late fifth century.
• Chapters One and Two have been combined into Chapter One, “Archaic Italy and
the Origins of Rome.”

xix
xx Preface to the Second Edition

• There are two new chapters: Chapter Thirteen, “The Rise of Christianity and the
Growth of the Barbarian Threat (324–395),” and Chapter Fourteen, “The Final
Years of the Western Empire and Rome’s Revival in the East.”
• The edition features an eight-page full-color insert.

Mary T. Boatwright, Durham, North Carolina

Daniel J. Gargola, Lexington, Kentucky
Noel Lenski, Boulder, Colorado
Richard J. A. Talbert, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
 PREFACE TO THE
FIRST EDITION
5

Shortly after The Romans from Village to Empire appeared in 2004, our editor, Robert
Miller, asked if we would be willing to create a shorter version of it, much as our
colleagues S. B. Pomeroy, S. M. Burstein, W. Donlan, and J. T. Roberts had already
done with such skill for their Ancient Greece. Intrigued by the challenge of reducing
what is itself only an introduction to more than a millennium, we have striven to
craft here a coherent, satisfying overview. We anticipate that it will be in greatest
demand among readers whose knowledge and interest in ancient Rome are cultural
and artistic. Accordingly, we have chosen to focus on Rome’s historical growth as a
state and community. We recognize that neither this choice nor any other can meet
with universal approval; the hard fact remains that the shorter the book, the more
selective its coverage must be.
The approach adopted and the nature of the presentation resemble those of
The Romans from Village to Empire. We draw attention to some very recent books of
special value for further reading, and we have taken the welcome opportunity to
enhance our treatment of certain fundamental topics—the place of religion and of
slavery in Roman society, for example.
We have also expanded the scope of the final chapter to extend into the early fifth
century a.d.
It would have been impossible to produce this book without once again drawing
upon all the assistance we received in completing its larger predecessor. We are
more grateful than ever, therefore, for this widespread support from colleagues, stu-
dents, and others. Dr. Tom Elliott, Director of the Ancient World Mapping Center at
UNC, Chapel Hill, merits fresh thanks for his willingness to adapt some maps that
now appear in a slightly different form than before. We three partners have worked
together as closely and amicably as ever. This shorter book, we hope, will equip

xxi
xxii Preface to the First Edition

readers with an informed basic insight into Roman history while attracting them to
a closer engagement with the Romans, because there is much more—of absorbing
interest—to be explored.

Mary T. Boatwright, Durham, North Carolina

Daniel J. Gargola, Lexington, Kentucky
Richard J. A. Talbert, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
PLATE XX.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.

Variation of Former Plan.—This plate shows the development

and variation of the inside houses of the block of four shown on Plate
xiv., with a superior arrangement of larder, and with projecting coals.
The long sloping roof has been hipped back to give a pleasing line,
especially in perspective.
The Long Sloping Roof.—The long sloping roof, a feature
frequently introduced at Bournville, has several advantages. If it
were not employed, and the front walls were carried up level with the
ceiling line of the bedroom, the proportions of the elevation would not
be so happy, while an additional expense would be incurred by the
extra brickwork. Such a height, moreover, would be wholly
unnecessary. In the case of cottages with the long sloping roof the
height of bedrooms to the point of intersection of roof and wall need
only be 5 ft. 6 ins. Ample ventilation is obtained by the simple
insertion of a 9 in. by 7 in. air-brick on the outside wall, and a
Sheringham ventilator or Tobin tube within, about 5 ft. 6 ins. from the
floor, the cost of the latter being about 3s., and of the former a little
more. The long sloping roof can rarely be treated tastefully without
boldly projecting the eaves. The projection gives a verandah in front
of the house which affords a pleasant shelter. Wooden posts may be
used as supports, and by training climbing plants up them, and
allowing them to festoon, a really delightful summer bower may be
formed. As the roof is broad, pantiles may be used with safety so far
as good taste is concerned: bold roof, bold covering. By omitting the
gutters at the dormer eaves a pleasing effect is gained, and gutters
are quite unnecessary with an eaves projection. The cheeks of the
dormers should be dressed with lead. The cottages in question are
whitewashed, and have a tarred plinth of about 2 ft. to prevent the
unsightliness of mud splashes.
 FRONT ELEVATION
GROUND PLAN
BEDROOM PLAN
PLATE XX.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 30.

The Large Living Room.—In view of the gain to health of one

spacious living room over the parlour plan, a number of these
cottages has been built in varying design at Bournville, and no
difficulty has been found in letting them. There has been, however,
considerable discussion with regard to their convenience to the
artisan in other districts where they have been introduced. Although
cottages in the past had no third room, there having been, as here,
one large comfortable room (often with the ingle nook) and a small
kitchen at the back—all the accommodation really required—yet at
the present time many artisans are not content without the useless
parlour, which they appear to think adds dignity to the house, but
which is used by them chiefly as a store-room for gim-cracks. There
is, perhaps, a reasonable objection to a single large living room on
the part of a particular class who let the front room to a lodger.
Nevertheless, for a model village or a garden city it is strongly
recommended that the plan should be adopted freely, and the
preference for the useless front room in small cottages discouraged.
Total cost of the example given, including all extras, £268 per
cottage.
Laying out of gardens, £10 each.
Cubical contents, 28,587 ft., at 4½d. per foot cube, £536, or £268
per cottage.
Instances of the last two types of cottages dealt with appear in the
view given on Plate iv.
PLATE XXI.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.

PLATE XXI.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 32.

The smaller cottage shown here is planned on similar lines to the

foregoing, but with the additional accommodation of an attic, and bay
windows to the two storeys. This is an instance of how a smaller
cottage may be joined to a larger one in treating a corner site, the
larger one on the corner giving importance to each road.
PLATES XXII., XXIII., I. (FRONTISPIECE), XXIV., XXV., AND XXVI.
BLOCKS OF FOUR.

PLATE XXII.
BLOCK OF FOUR COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 32.
 PLATE XXIII.
BLOCK OF FOUR COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 32.
 PLATE XXIV.
BLOCK OF FOUR COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 32.

These plates show examples of cottages in blocks of four rather

larger in size than the last type, and treated in different materials.
Plate xxvi. shows the details of the cottages on Plate xxv.
 PLATE XXV.
BLOCK OF FOUR COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 32.
 PLATE XXVI.
DETAIL VIEW.
SEE PAGE 32.
PLATE XXVII.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.

FRONT ELEVATION
GROUND PLAN
BEDROOM PLAN
PLATE XXVII.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 33.

Plate xxvii. gives the plan and elevation of a pair of cottages also
having similar accommodation to those with the long sloping roofs
shown on Plate xx. The cost, however, is here considerably reduced
by each house having a side entrance, and by the omission of the
ingle nook, verandah and bay, while the living room, though smaller,
is not a passage room. By approaching the stairs from the lobby, not
only is more privacy secured, but the space beneath is made
available in the kitchen for a “Cabinet” bath, which is so placed as to
occupy it when in use instead of projecting into the kitchen. The
planning is simple and square, which, with the omission of bays and
the introduction of plain casements, all helps to reduce the cost.
The accommodation is:—
Ground Floor.
Living Room, 12 ft. 4 ins. × 16 ft. Kitchen, 10 ft. 3 ins. × 11 ft. 6 ins. Lobby.
Larder, w.c. and Coals.
Bedroom Floor.
First Bedroom, 12 ft. 4 ins. × 16 ft. Second Bedroom, 7 ft. 8 ins. × 11 ft. 6 ins.
Third Bedroom, 8 ft. × 8 ft. 3 ins. Linen Closet.
Total cost, including all extras, £250 per cottage.
Laying out of gardens, £10 each.
Cubical contents, 24,000 ft., at 5d. per foot cube, £500, or £250
per cottage.
PLATE XXVIII.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.

FRONT ELEVATION
GROUND PLAN
BEDROOM PLAN
PLATE XXVIII.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 34.

This plate shows the plan and elevation of a pair of cottages

having the parlour in addition to the living room and scullery. The
living room, which should always be the larger, is here the full width
of the house. The measurements are:—
Ground Floor.
Living Room, 11 ft. 5 ins. × 16 ft. 6 ins. Parlour, 11 ft. 4 ins. × 13 ft. 3 ins.
Scullery, Outside Larder, w.c. and Coals.
Bedroom Floor.
First Bedroom, 11 ft. 4 ins. × 13 ft. 3 ins. Second Bedroom, 8 ft. 6 ins. × 11 ft.
5 ins. Third Bedroom, 7 ft. 8 ins. × 8 ft. 6 ins. Linen Closet.
Total cost, including all extras, £230 per cottage. Cubical contents,
33,918 ft. at 3¼d. per ft. cube. £460, or £230 each. (Built in 1899.)
The stairs in this instance descend to the entrance lobby, but they
may be planned the other way about in order to avoid the necessity
of traversing the parlour to get to the bedrooms, and to insure
children crying upstairs being heard in the living room or the scullery.
This, however, would necessitate the cutting of 3 ft. off the large front
bedroom, while the respective spaces for the larder and the lobby
below would be reversed, the position of the former being
undesirable.
Ordinary roofing tiles and common bricks have been used. The
living room is boarded, and the scullery quarried.
It might be pointed out that there is but little scope for variety of
plan in these smaller cottages. The variations must be obtained in
the treatment of elevations. As already stated, to build cheaply the
main point is to get the walls as long and straight as possible.
 FRONT ELEVATION
BLOCK OF THREE COTTAGES.

PLATES XXIX. AND XXX.

BLOCK OF THREE COTTAGES.
 GROUND PLAN
BEDROOM PLAN
PLATE XXIX.
BLOCK OF THREE COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 35.

Plate xxix. and the accompanying scale-drawing give the plan and
elevation of a block of three cottages, a sketch of which appears in
Plate xxx. The inner one occupies an exact third of the land, and is
double fronted. By putting the inner one with its axis to the front, an
equal garden-space is given to all the houses without incurring a re-
division of the land.
 PLATE XXX.
BLOCK OF THREE COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 35.

The inner and left-hand houses have practically the same

accommodation, but the right-hand has several advantages: there is a
wider hall, the living room is not a passage room, while the kitchen is
reached from the hall, and the wash-house is entered from the yard.
Accommodation of left-hand and inner houses.
Ground Floor.
Parlour, 11 ft. 4 ins. × 15 ft. 3 ins. Living Room, 10 ft. × 14 ft. 6 ins. and bay.
Scullery, 10 ft. × 6 ft. and recess for Bath. Coals, Tools, and w.c.
Bedroom Floor.
First Bedroom, 11 ft. 4 ins. × 15 ft. 3 ins. Second Bedroom, 7 ft. 6 ins. × 14 ft. 6
ins., and bay. Third Bedroom, 7 ft. 5 ins. × 11 ft. 6 ins. Fourth Bedroom, 9 ft. 6
ins. × 6 ft. (middle house only). Linen Closet.

Cost of left-hand and inner houses, including all extras, £293 per
cottage. (Built in 1904.)
 The right-hand house, owing to the extra conveniences, works out
at rather more.
In the middle house the recess between the range and small
window makes a very convenient space for a writing table, especially
if curtains are dropped from a rod to screen it off, its proximity to the
range making it a warm and cosy retreat in winter. There is a bay
window to the living room of the outside houses.
Two of the houses in this block are fitted with Cornes’ Patent
Combined Scullery-Bath-Range and Boiler, described on page 52,
and the third with the “Cabinet” bath.
The elevation, with the forecourt formed by the projection of the two
outside houses, may be made very pleasing. From the perspective it
will be seen that the inner house is covered with rough-cast, making
an agreeable contrast with the outer ones of plain brickwork. Rough-
cast, while fairly economical, is very effective, and helps to brighten
the forecourt. The projection of the outer houses affords a break, the
abruptness of which does not attract attention, but which gives an
opportunity of stopping the rough-cast, which would otherwise have to
be carried round to the back of the whole block.
It is not advisable to introduce a variety of colour upon exteriors.
Colour is best disposed in masses—that is, it should be treated
broadly, not distributed in isolated portions, or in sharply contrasting
tints. (See page 59.)
The roof of this block is of green slates of varying sizes, diminishing
towards the ridge.
Aspect in the placing of the house is here studied as well as the
site. The axis runs south-west and north-east, and the front
commands a pleasing perspective of one of the principal Bournville
roads, and an admirable view of the Lickey Hills in the distance.
D E S C R I P T I O N S O F P L AT E S
XXXI.-XXXIII.
PLATE XXXI.
PAIR OF COTTAGES (SHALLOW SITE).

PLATE XXXI.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 38.

The view shown in this plate illustrates the treatment of a shallow

corner site, the block being a pair of semi-detached, double-fronted
cottages. The plan is similar to the middle house of the foregoing
block.

PLATE XXXII.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.
 PLATE XXXII.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.
SEE PAGE 38.

A pair of cottages also planned on the same lines as the middle

house shown in Plate xxix. and the foregoing shallow-site pair, but
placed at right angles instead of lengthwise, and occupying a corner
position.

PLATE XXXIII.
PAIR OF COTTAGES.