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EB - Topic 1-Part 2-State Properties
EB - Topic 1-Part 2-State Properties
EB - Topic 1-Part 2-State Properties
By:
Ir. Dr. Tan Lian See
tan. liansee@utm.my
SMJC 2223 Mass and Energy Balance
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
Reference States
Energy Balance
Procedures Energy State Properties
Balance &
State
Properties
Steam Tables
1) What is the reference state that was used to generate the given
enthalpies?
2) Calculate ∆𝐻 and ∆𝑈 for the transition of saturated methyl
chloride vapor from 50ºF to 0ºF.
2) ΔĤ = Ĥ (0°F) - Ĥ (50°F)
= (196.23 – 202.28) Btu/lbm= -6.05 Btu/lbm
STEAM TABLE
▪ Steam table - Compilation of physical properties (i.e. specific
volume, enthalpy, internal energy) of liquid water, saturated vapor
(steam) and superheated vapor.
▪ Reference state for steam table – water (0.01°C, 0.00611 bar, liquid).
STEAM TABLE
Table B.5: Properties of saturated steam: Temperature Table
STEAM TABLE
Table B.7: Properties of superheated steam
Liquid
STEAM TABLE
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EXAMPLE 1
Steam at 10 bar absolute with 190°C of superheat is fed to a turbine
at a rate 𝑚=2000kg/hr.
ሶ The turbine operation is adiabatic and the
effluent is saturated steam at 1 bar. Calculate the work output of the
turbine in kW, neglecting kinetic and potential energy changes.
𝑊ሶ 𝑠 = −∆𝐻ሶ =ሶ −∆𝑚(
ሶ 𝐻
𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝐻𝑖𝑛 )
𝒊𝒏)
Inlet stream: (to calculate 𝑯
At 350 °C, 𝐻=3159 kJ/kg 370 − 350 𝑥 − 3159
=
At 400 °C, 𝐻=3264 kJ/kg 400 − 350 3264 − 3159
∴ x = 3201 kJ/kg in
H 13
EXAMPLE 1
Steam at 10 bar absolute with 190°C of superheat is fed to a turbine
at a rate 𝑚=2000kg/hr.
ሶ The turbine operation is adiabatic and the
effluent is saturated steam at 1 bar. Calculate the work output of the
turbine in kW, neglecting kinetic and potential energy changes.
𝒐𝒖𝒕)
Outlet stream: (to calculate 𝑯
𝑊ሶ 𝑠 = −∆𝐻ሶ =ሶ −∆𝑚(
ሶ 𝐻
𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝐻𝑖𝑛 )
14
EXAMPLE 2
Two streams of water are mixed to form the feed to a boiler.
Process data are as follows:
15
EXAMPLE 2
~272 kJ/kg
16
EXAMPLE 2
1) Evaluate ∆𝑯ሶ
17
EXAMPLE 2
2) Evaluate ∆𝑬𝒌ሶ
From Table B.7, the specific volume, 𝑉 of saturated steam at 17 bar = 0.1166 m3/kg.
18
EXAMPLE 2
2) Evaluate ∆𝑬𝒌ሶ
Steam velocity:
∴ From
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