368 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

7
Biomolecules

[A] Carbohydrates

1. Carbohydrates are stored in human body as the polysaccharide ?

(a) Starch (b) Glycogen (c) Cellulose (d) Amylose
2. Cellulose present in plants and as a food for cattle but not for human beings because :
(a) Human body does not contain cellulose hence cellulose cannot be broken into D-glucose.
(b) Human saliva cannot break down plant cellulose in small pieces.
(c) Bile juice present in cattle helps them to digest cellulose.
(d) Human beings have a smaller stomach than cattle.
3. Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect about the living system ?
(a) Living system is composed of living atoms and molecules.
(b) Living system is made of complex biomolecules.
(c) Biomolecules interact with each other in the living system.
(d) Simple molecules also play an important role in the function of organism.
4. I. Biomolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids.
II. Biomolecules are the organic compounds.
III. Plants and animals are made up of biomolecules.
Select the correct option :
(a) I (b) II (c) II and III (d) I, II and III
5. Read the following statements,
I. It has general formula, C x (H 2 O) y .
II. They are hydrates of carbon.
III. The molecular formula of glucose is C 6 H 6 O 6 and general formula is C 6 (HO) 6 .
Select the incorrect statement about the carbohydrates ?
(a) I (b) II (c) II and III (d) III
6. Which of the following compounds is found abundantly in nature ?
(a) Fructose (b) Starch (c) Glucose (d) Cellulose
Biomolecules 369

7. “Carbohydrate the cannot be hydrolysed further to give simpler unit of polyhydroxy aldehyde
or ketone.” Name the type of carbohydrates.
(a) Monosaccharide (b) Oligosaccharide (c) Polysaccharide (d) All of these
8. The two monosaccharide units obtained on hydrolysis of disaccharide may be :
(a) same (b) different (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
9. On hydrolysis sucrose will give :
(a) one molecule of glucose (b) two molecule of glucose
(c) one molecule of glucose and fructose (d) one molecule of glucose and maltose
10. Which descriptions fit the following sugar best?
O OH
OH
HO

HO OH
(a) ketose, furanose, a (b) ketose, furanose, b
(c) aldose, pyranose, b (d) aldose, pyranose, a
11. Which of the following compounds does not undergo mutarotation?
(a) Glucose (b) Sucrose (c) Ribose (d) Fructose
12. A glycoside is the carbohydrate form of an :
(a) ether (b) acetal (c) aglycone (d) alcohol
13. Which one of the following statements is not true regarding ( +) lactose ?
(a) On hydrolysis, ( +) lactose gives equal amount of D( +) glucose and D( +) galactose.
(b) ( +) Lactose is a b -glucoside formed by the union of a molecule of D( +) glucose and a
molecule of D( +) galactose.
(c) ( +) Lactose is a reducing sugar and does not exhibit mutarotation.
(d) ( +) Lactose, C 12 H 22 O 11 contains 8 — OH groups.
14. Find out the correct option among the following statements.
(a) In reducing sugars, aldehydic and ketonic group are free bonded.
(b) Maltose and lactose are non-reducing sugar.
(c) Fehling’s solution and Tollen’s reagent are the non-reducing sugar.
(d) All monosaccharides whether aldoses or ketoses are reducing sugar.
15. In which class does the glucose and mannose are placed ?
(a) Epimers (b) Anomers (c) Ketohexose (d) Disaccharide
16. Which of the product of the following reaction is not going to give a positive test with
Benedict’s reagent?
CHO
H OH
H OH
HNO3
H OH ¾¾¾®
H OH
CH2OH
370 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

COOH CH2OH COOH CN

H OH H OH H OH H OH
H OH H OH H OH H OH
(a) (b) (c) (d)
H OH H OH H OH H OH
H OH H OH H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH COOH CH2OH
CHO

H OH
H OH
Br /H O
2 2
17. H OH ¾¾¾¾® Product of the reaction is :
H OH
CH2OH
COOH CH2OH COOH CN
H OH H OH H OH H OH
H OH H OH H OH H OH
(a) (b) (c) (d)
H OH H OH H OH H OH
H OH H OH H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH COOH CH2OH
18. Reduction of hexose A (molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6 ) with sodium borohydride gives
compounds B and C. Compound B is optically inactive, whereas compound C is optically
active. Which of the following is compound A?
(a) D-fructose (b) D-glucose (c) D-mannose (d) D-galactose
19. I. Glucose occur freely in nature.
II. Glucose occur in the combined form.
III. Glucose present in sweet fruits and honey.
IV. Ripe grapes contain glucose in large amounts.
Select the correct statement(s) and choose the most appropriate option.
(a) I and III (b) II and III (c) I and IV (d) I, II, III and IV
20. During acetylation of glucose it needs x moles of acetic anhydride. The value of x would be :
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 1
21. On oxidation with a mild oxidising agent like Br 2 H 2 O , the glucose is oxidised to :
(a) saccharic acid (b) ghicaric acid (c) gluconic acid (d) valeric acid
22. Invert sugar is :
(a) a type of cane sugar (b) optically inactive form of sugar
Biomolecules 371

(c) mixture of glucose and galactose

(d) mixture of glucose and fructose in equimolar quantities
23. Given structure is :
HC == O
|
HO—C—H
|
HO—C—H
|
H—C—OH
|
H—C—OH
|
CH2OH
D-mannose
(a) aldopentose (b) ketohexose (c) ketoheptose (d) aldohexose
24. Given structure is :
HC == O
|
H—C—OH
|
H—C—OH
|
H—C—OH
|
CH2OH
D-ribose
(a) aldopentose (b) aldohexose (c) ketopentose (d) aldotetrose
25. Given structure is :
CH2OH
|
C == O
|
HO—C—H
|
H—C—OH
|
H—C—OH
|
H—C—OH
|
CH2OH
D-sedoheptulose
(a) aldopentose (b) aldohexose (c) ketoheptose (d) ketohexose
372 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

26. Which of the following is D-glyceraldehyde ?

HC == O H CH2OH
(a) HOCH2 OH (b) HO CH2OH (c) HO H (d) Both (a) and (b)
H HC == O HC == O
27. Which reagent is used to convert glucose into saccharic acid ?
(a) Br 2 /H 2 O (b) Nitric acid
(c) Alkaline solution of iodine (d) Ammonium hydroxide
28. Which of the following is an example of an aldopentose ?
(a) D-Ribose (b) Glyceraldehyde (c) Fructose (d) Erythrose
29. Which biomolecule forms starch iodine complex ?
(a) Carbohydrates (b) Proteins (c) Vitamins (d) Nucleic acids
30. Osazone formation involves only 2 carbon atoms of glucose because of :
(a) chelation (b) oxidation (c) reduction (d) hydrolysis
Br
31. D-Glucose ¾¾2®
H 2O
(a) Aldonic acid (b) Adaric acid (c) Alditol (d) Tartaric acid
32. D-Glucose will form same osazone with:
(a) D-Mannose (b) D-Fructose (c) D-Allose (d) Both (a) and (b)
33. Relation between D-Glucose and D-Fructose is:
(a) C 2 -epimer (b) C 3 -epimer (c) functional isomer (d) positional isomer
34. Which of the following statements is not true ?
(a) Glucose and fructose both are monosaccharides.
(b) The natural glucose and fructose are D-forms.
(c) The solution having equal molecules of D-glucose and D-fructose is termed as invert sugar.
(d) Aldohexoses exist in 2 4 optical forms.
35. Which of the following pair represents anomers ?
CHO CHO CHO CHO
H OH HO H H OH HO H
HO H HO H HO H H OH
(a) (b)
H OH H OH H OH HO H
H OH H OH H OH HO H
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH

H OH HO H H OH HO H
H OH H OH H OH HO H
O O O O
HO H HO H HO H H OH
(c) (d)
H OH H OH H OH HO H
H H H H
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
Biomolecules 373

36. Three cyclic structures of monosaccharides are given below :

H C OH HO C H HO C H
H OH H OH HO H
O O
HO H HO H HO H O
H OH H OH H OH
H H HO H
CH2OH CH2OH H
(I) (II)
CH2OH
(III)
Which of these are anomers ?
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and III (d) I, II and III
37. Study me structures of a-D-(+) glucopyranose and b -D-(+) glucopyranose and mark the
correct statement.
CH2OH CH2OH
H O H H O OH
H H
OH H OH H
OH OH OH H
H OH H OH
I II
(a) Structures I and II are enantiomers.
(b) Structures I and II are anomers.
(c) The two structures I and II differ in me configuration of C 1 and C 4 .
(d) Both the structures I and II give 2, 4-DNP test.
38. Identify the a-D-(-)-fructofuranose and b -D-(-)-fructofuranose from the following structure.
1 2 1 2
HOH2C C OH HO C CH2OH
3 3
HO H O HO H O
4 4
H OH H OH
5 5
H H
6 6
CH2OH CH2OH
I II
374 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical
6 1 6
HOH2C O CH2OH HOH2C O OH
5 2 5 2
H HO H HO
H 4 3 OH H 4 3 CH2OH
1
OH H OH H
III IV
a-D-(-)-fructofuranose b -D-(-)-fructofuranose
(a) I, II III, IV
(b) I, III II, IV
(c) II, III I, IV
(d) II, IV I, III
39. Which of the following reactions could not be explained on the basis of open chain structure of
glucose ?
(a) Pentaacetate of glucose does not react with NH 2 OH.
(b) Glucose on prolonged heating with HI gives n-hexane.
(c) Glucose on oxidation with bromine water forms gluconic acid.
(d) With acetic anhydride glucose gives pentaacetate.
40. C 2 -epimer of D-Glucose is:
(a) D-Glucose (b) D-Allose (c) D-Altrose (d) D-Mannose
41. Which of the following statement is correct about fructose ?
(a) It is dextrorotatory compound.
(b) It exists in the two cyclic forms which is obtained by the addition of OH at C-5 to the
‚
ƒ C==O
group.
(c) It exists as six membered ring.
(d) It is named as furanose as it contain one oxygen and six carbon atom.
42. C 3 -epimer of D-Glucose is:
(a) D-Glucose (b) D-Allose (c) D-Altrose (d) D-Mannose
43. Which of the following carbohydrates is Aldohexose ?
(a) D-Mannose (b) D-Glucose (c) D-Fructose (d) Both (a) and (b)
HOs HOs
44. D-Glucose D-Fructose ( X ); ( X ) is:
(a) D-Allose (b) D-Altrose (c) D-Mannose (d) D-Glucose
5HIO 4
45. D-Glucose ¾ ¾¾®; Product is:
(a) 4HCO 2 H , HCHO (b) 5HCO 2 H , HCHO
(c) 4HCO 2 H , CO 2 , HCHO (d) 5HCHO , HCO 2 H
46. a-D-Glucose and b-D-Glucose are:
(a) epimers (b) anomers (c) enantiomers (d) acetals
Biomolecules 375

CH2OH
|
C == O
H OH (i) NaBH
4
47. HO ¾¾¾¾® (P) ; Number of stereoisomer of product ( P ) is:
H +(ii) H , H2O
H OH
CH2OH
D-sorbose
(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 16
48. Glycosidic linkage is present in:
(a) sucrose (b) maltose (c) lactose (d) all of these
49. Product obtained by hydrolysis of lactose are:
(a) glucose and fructose (b) glucose and mannose
(c) mannose and fructose (d) galactose and Glucose
50. Which of the following is structure of b-D-Glucopyranose ?
CH2—OH CH2—OH
O O
H H H OH
H H
(a) OH H (b) OH H
HO OH HO H
H OH H OH
HOCH2 O OH CH2—HO O CH2—HO
(c) H H (d) OH H
H H H OH
OH OH H OH
51. Select the incorrect statement about the cyclic glucose :
(a) If the OH group is added to CHO group it will form cyclic hemiacetal structure.
(b) Glucose form six-membered ring in which — OH is at C-5 position.
(c) Melting point of a-glucose is 423 K and of b-glucose is 419 K.
O
1 1 1
H C OH H C HO C H
2 2 2
H OH º H OH º H OH
(d) HO 3 O 3 3 O
H HO H HO H
4 4 4
H OH H OH H OH
5 5 5
H H OH H
6 6 6
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
a-D-(+)-glucose b-D-(+)-glucose
52. The two cyclic hemiacetal forms of glucose differ only in the configuration of the hydroxyl
group at C-1 is called :
(a) anomeric carbon (b) epimer carbon (c) isomeric carbon (d) pyranose carbon
376 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

53. I. Pyran is a cyclic organic compound with one oxygen atom and five carbon atom.
II. The cyclic structure of glucose is correctly represented by Haworth structure.
III. Five membered cyclic structure of glucose is called pyranose structure.
Which of the following statement is correct ?
(a) I and III (b) I and II (c) III (d) I, II and III
Br2 water
54. Glucose ¾ ¾¾¾® Product is :
(a) hexanoic acid (b) gluconic acid (c) saccharic acid (d) bromohexane
55. Fructose is a/an :
(a) ketohexose (b) aldohexose (c) hexoseketo (d) hexosealdo
56. Maximum number of monosaccharide units present in oligosaccharides is:
(a) 8 (b) 15 (c) 10 (d) 40
57. How many C-atoms are there in a pyranose ring ?
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
58. Which one of the following is non-reducing sugar ?
(a) Glucose (b) Arabinose (c) Fructose (d) Sucrose
59. Which one of the following is reducing sugar ?
(a) Starch (b) Cellulose (c) Glycogen (d) Fructose
60. Name the reagent and condition required for the following reaction.
CHO

(CHOH)4 ¾® CH3 —
( CH2 —
)4 CH3
n-hexane
CH2OH
(a) HF, D (b) HCl, D (c) HBr, D (d) HI, D
61. Reducing property of monosaccharide is due to the presence of:
(a) —OH group (b) keto group
(c) acetal group (d) anomeric hydroxyl group (a Hemiacetal)
62. The spatial arrangement of different OH groups in the molecules is given.
CHO COOH COOH
H OH H OH H OH
HO H HO H HO H
H OH H OH H OH
H OH H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH COOH
I II III
Select the correct names for I, II and III :
(a) I ® Gluconic acid, II ® Glucose, III ® Saccharic acid
(b) I ® Saccharic acid, II ® Glucose, III ® Gluconic acid
(c) I ® Glucose, II ® Gluconic acid, III ® Saccharic acid
(d) I ® Glucose, II ® Saccharic acid, III ® Gluconic acid
Biomolecules 377

63. Which of the following reactions of glucose can be explained only by its cyclic structure ?
(a) Glucose forms pentaacetate.
(b) Glucose reacts with hydroxylamine to form an oxime.
(c) Pentaacetate of glucose does not react with hydroxylamine.
(d) Glucose is oxidised by nitric acid to gluconic acid.
64. What does ‘D’ and ( +) signifies in D-(+)-glucose ?
(a) D represent conformation and (+) represents the laevorotatory nature of molecule.
(b) D represent conformation and (+) represent the dextrorotatory nature of molecule.
(c) D represent conformation and (+) represent the dextrotatory nature of molecule.
(d) D represent configuration and (+) represent the laevorotatory nature of molecule.
65. How the a-form of glucose is obtained ?
(a) It is obtained by the crystallisation from concentrated solution of glucose at 317 K.
(b) It is obtained by the crystallisation from concentrated solution of glucose at 303 K.
(c) It is obtained by the crystallisation from hot saturated aqueous solution at 303 K.
(d) It is obtained by the crystallisation from hot and saturated aqueous solution at 371 K.
66. Which of the following statement is false about the given structure ?
CHO CHO

H OH HO H

CH2OH CH2OH
(I) (II)
(a) These are the isomers of glyceraldehyde.
(b) Both contain one asymmetric carbon atom.
(c) Both exists in the two enantiomeric form.
(d) I ® (-)-glyceraldehyde said to have L-configuration
II ® (+)-glyceraldehyde said to have D-configuration.
67. Which one of the following carbohydrates will show mutarotation ?
(a) Sucrose (b) Maltose
(c) Lactose (d) Both (b) and (c)
68. Assign the configuration to glyceraldehyde (I) and glucose (II).
CHO
H OH
CHO
HO H
H OH
H OH
CH2OH
H OH
CH2OH
(+)-glyceraldehyde (+)-glucose
I II

(a) I ® D; II ® D (b) I ® L; II ® L (c) I ® L; II ® D (d) I ® D; II ® L

 378 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

69. Sucrose (cane sugar) is a disaccharide. One molecule of sucrose on hydrolysis gives :
(a) 2 molecules of glucose
(b) 2 molecules of glucose + 1 molecule of fructose
(c) 1 molecule of glucose + 1 molecule of fructose
(d) 2 molecules of fructose

For Q. No. 70 to 71
The structure of disaccharide is given below. Answer the following questions (70 and 71) :
CH2OH CH2OH
HO 5 O H 5 O OH
4
H 1 O 4
H 1
OH H OH H
H 3 2 H 3 2 H
H OH H OH
70. What is the name of the above disaccharide ?
(a) Sucrose (b) Maltose (c) Lactose (d) Talose
71. Identify the correct statement for the above disaccharide.
(a) C-1 of b -D-galactose is linked with C-4 of b -D-glucose
(b) C-1 of b -D-galactose is linked with C-4 of a -D-glucose
(c) C-1 of a -D-glucose is linked with C-4 of b -D-galactose
(d) C-1 of b -D-glucose is linked with C-4 of b -D-glucose
72. How many aldose and ketose, and furanose and pyranose units are present in maltose?
OH
H
H2C H
O
HO H H
H OH
HO H
H OH HO OH
H
O
O
Maltose CH2 OH
H
(a) 0 aldose, 2 ketose, 0 furanose, 2 pyranose (b) 1 aldose, 1 ketose, 1 furanose, 1 pyranose
(c) 2 aldose, 0 ketose, 0 furanose, 2 pyranose (d) 2 aldose, 0 ketose, 1 furanose, 2 pyranose
73. Which of the following products are obtained during heating of sucrose with conc. H 2 SO 4 ?
(a) CO and SO 2 (b) CO and CO 2 (c) CO, CO 2 and SO 2 (d) None of these
74. Among the naturally occurring carbohydrates, furanose ring is found in the :
(a) glucose unit of cane sugar (b) glucose unit of cellulose
(c) fructose unit of cane sugar (d) galactose unit of lactose
75. Glucose and mannose are:
(a) anomers (b) positional isomer
(c) functional isomers (d) epimers
Biomolecules 379

76. Which of the following pairs are epimers ?

CH2OH CHO
| |
CHO CHO C == O H—C—OH
| | | |
H—C—OH HO—C—H HO—C—H HO—C—H
| | | |
H—C—OH and HO—C—H H—C—OH and H—C—OH
(a) | | (b) | |
H—C—OH HO—C—H H—C—OH HO—C—H
| | | |
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH

CHO CHO CHO CHO

| | | |
H—C—OH H—C—OH H—C—OH HO—C—H
| | | |
H—C—OH and HO—C—H H—C—OH and HO—C—H
(c) | | (d) | |
H—C—OH H—C—OH HO—C—H H—C—OH
| | | |
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
77. Glucose molecule reacts with ‘ X ’ number of molecule of phenylhydrazine to yield osazone.
The value of X is:
(a) three (b) two (c) one (d) four
78. Which of the following reagents cannot distinguish between glucose and fructose ?
(a) Tollens’ reagent (b) Fehling’s solution (c) Benedict’ solution (d) All of these
79. Cellulose is a polymer of:
(a) glucose (b) fructose (c) ribose (d) sucrose
80. Which of the following is an example of Ketohexose ?
(a) Mannose (b) Galactose (c) Maltose (d) Fructose
81. Glycosidic linkage is an :
(a) amylopectin and glycogen (b) amylose and glycogen
(c) amylose and amylopectin (d) cellulose and glycogen
82. Why polysaccharides are called non-sugars ?
(a) They yield large number of monosaccharide on hydrolysis.
(b) They are not sweet in taste.
(c) They are reducing sugars.
(d) They are non-reducing sugars.
83. Starch is composed of two polysaccharides which are :
(a) amylopectin and glycogen (b) amylose and glycogen
(c) amylose and amylopectin (d) cellulose and glycogen
84. Amylose is water soluble component that constitute ...... I ..... of starch and amylopectin is
water insoluble component that contain ..... II ..... starch.
Fill the blanks with the suitable words and choose the most appropriate option.
380 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

(a) I ® 15-20%; II ® 50% (b) I ® 50%; II ® 50%

(c) I ® 15-20%; II ® 85% (d) I ® 80-85%; II ® 15-20%
85. What is the basic formula for starch ?
(a) (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) n (b) (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n (c) C 12 H 22 O 11 (d) (C 6 H 12 O 4 ) n
6
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
H O H H 5 O H H O H
4
H 1 4
H 1 4
H 1
86. O OH H O OH H O OH H O
H
3 2
H OH H OH H OH

a-link a-link
The above polysaccharide is called :
(a) amylose (b) amylopectin (c) cellulose (d) glycogen
87. In cellulose, D-glucose units are joined by :
(a) a-1,4 glycosidic linkage (b) b -1,6 glycosidic linkage
(c) b -1,4 glycosidic linkage (d) peptide linkage
CH2OH CH2OH
H O H H 5 O H
4
H 1 4
H 1 a-link
88. O OH H O OH H

H OH H HO O
Branch at C6
a-link

6
CH2OH CH2 CH2OH
H O H H 5 O H H O H
4
H 1 4
H 1 4
H 1
O OH H O OH H O OH H O
H
3 2
H OH H OH H OH

a-link a-link
Which of the following statement is correct about the above structure ?
(a) It constitute 85% of starch.
(b) It is branched chain polymer of a-D-glucose unit in which chain is formed by C1-C4
glycosidic linkage whereas branching occurs by C1-C6 glycosidic linkage.
(c) The above polysaccharide is amylopectin.
(d) All of these
89. Glycogen is a branched chain polymer of a-D-glucose units in which chain is formed by C1-C4
glycosidic linkage whereas branching occurs by the formation of C1-C6 glycosidic linkage.
Structure of glycogen is similar to ______ .
(a) amylose (b) amylopectin (c) cellulose (d) glucose
Biomolecules 381

90. Which of the following polymer is stored in the cell wall ?

(a) Cellulose (b) Amylose (c) Amylopectin (d) Glycogen
91. Cellulose is a :
(a) Hexapolysaccharide (b) Pentapolysaccharide
(c) Tripolysaccharide (d) None of these
HOH2C
O
O
HOH2C
O OH
O
92. HOH2C
O OH OH
O
OH OH
O
OH (?)
Name the linkage (?) which is present in this structure.
(a) a-linkage (b) b-linkage (c) g-linkage (d) d-linkage
93. When glucose reacts with bromine water, the main product is :
(a) acetic acid (b) saccharic acid (c) glyceraldehyde (d) gluconic acid
94. Which of the following is the correct statement ?
(a) Starch is a polymer of a-glucose.
(b) Amylose is not a component of starch.
(c) Proteins arc composed of only one type of amino acid.
(d) In cyclic structure of fructose, there are five carbon and one oxygen atoms.
95. All monosaccharides ..............Tollens’ reagent :
(a) oxidise (b) reduce (c) condense with (d) add to
96. The number of chiral centres in (+) glucose is:
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
97. The pair of compounds in which both the compounds give positive test with Tollens’ reagent
is:
(a) glucose and sucrose (b) fructose and sucrose
(c) acetophenone and hexanal (d) glucose and fructose
98. D-Glucose and L-Glucose are:
(a) enantiomers (b) diastereomers (c) epimers (d) anomers
99. Identify the pair of epimers:
(a) D-glucose and D-fructose (b) D-glucose and L-glucose
(c) D-glucose and D-mannose (d) D-glucose and D-gulose
100. The number of Stereogenic centres in a-D-Glucose are:
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 2
101. Which of the following pairs give positive Tollens’ test ?
(a) Glucose, sucrose (b) Glucose, fructose
(c) Hexanal, acetophenone (d) Fructose, sucrose
 382 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

102. The two forms of D-glucopyranose obtained from the solution of D-glucose are called :
(a) isomer (b) anomer (c) epimer (d) enantiomer
103. Cellulose upon acetylation with excess acetic anhydride/H 2 SO 4 (catalytic) gives cellulose
triacetate whose structure is:
AcO
H O O—
AcO H
O OAc H H
H O
AcO H
O OAc H H OAc
H O H
H
OAc H H OAc
(a) —O H
H OAc
AcO
H O O—
AcO H
O OH H H
H O
AcO H
O OH H H OH
H O H
H
OH H H OH
(b) —O H
H OH

AcO AcO AcO

H O H H O H H O O—
H H H
(c) OAc H OAc H OAc H
—O O O H
H OAc H OAc H OAc

AcO AcO AcO

H O H H O H H O O—
H H H
(d) H H H H H H
—O O O H
OAc OAc OAc OAc OAc OAc
Biomolecules 383

104. The correct statement about the following disaccharide is:

CH2OH
O CH2OH O H
H H
H
OH H H HO
HO OCH2CH2O CH2OH
H OH OH H
(i) (ii)
(a) Ring (i) is pyranose with a-glycosidic link (b) Ring (i) is furanose with a-glycoside link
(c) Ring (ii) is furanose with a-glycosidic link (d) Ring (ii) is pyranose with b-glycosidic link
105. The following carbohydrate is:
H OH
H O
HO

HO OH
H OH
H H
(a) a ketohexose (b) an aldohexose (c) an a-furanose (d) an a-pyranose
106. Which of the following is the structure of L-glucose ?
CHO CHO CHO
HO H H OH H OH
H OH HO H HO H
(a) HO H (b) H OH (c) H OH (d) None of these
HO H H OH HO H
CH2OH CH2—OH CH2—OH
107. Component of starch is:
(a) amylose (b) allose (c) fructose (d) mannose
108. Which of the following compounds is a D-sugar ?
CH== O
O == CH O == CH CH2OH
H OH
H OH HO H
(a) H OH (b) (c) (d) HO H
HO H HO H
HO H O == CH
CH2OH CH2OH
CH2OH
109. What is the relationship between the following compounds ?
HC ==O O ==CH
H OH HO H
and
H OH HO H
CH2OH CH2OH
D-erythrose L-erythrose
 384 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

(a) conformational isomers (b) constitutional isomers

(c) identical (d) enantiomers
110. At which carbon are the following sugars epimers of each other ?
HC == O HC ==O
H OH HO H
HO H HO H
H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH
(a) C-1 (b) C-2 (c) C-3 (d) C-4
111. At which carbon are the following sugars epimers of each other ?
HC == O HC == O
H OH H OH
HO H HO H
H OH HO H
H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH
D-Glucose D-Galactose

(a) C-1 (b) C-2 (c) C-3 (d) C-4

112. How many chiral centers are there in an aldohexose ?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
113. How many chiral centers are there in a 2-ketohexose ?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
114. How many stereoisomers are possible for a 2-ketohexose ?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16
115. Which of the following is/are product(s) obtained from the reduction of D-fructose ?
CH2OH CH2OH HC== O
H OH HO H H OH
HO H HO H HO H
H OH H OH H OH
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) and (b)
H OH H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
D-Glucitol D-Mannitol D-Glucose
Biomolecules 385

116. Which of the following is the Haworth projection b-D-galactopyranose ?

CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
OH O OH OH O OH OH O H H O H
(a) OH H (b) OH H (c) H H (d) H H
H H H OH H OH OH OH
H OH H OH OH OH OH OH
CH2OH
H O OH
(e) H OH
OH H
OH H
117. Which of the following is methyl-a-D-glucoside ?
OCH3
HOCH2
HOCH2 O OCH3
O
(a) (b)
HO OH
HO OH
OH
OH
OH OH
HOCH2 O HOCH2 O
(c) (d)
HO OH HO OCH3
OH OH
HOCH2 O OH
(e)
HO OCH3
OH
118. Which of the following compounds is a nonreducing sugar ?

OH
HOCH2 O OH HOCH2 O
(a) (b)
HO OH HO OH
OH OH

CH2OH CH2OH
HOCH2 O OH OH O OH OH O OCH3

(c) (d) OH (e)

OH OH OH OH OH
 386 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

HC == O

119. H OH ¾2HIO
¾¾4® ; Product formed is:
CH2—OH

(a) 2HCHO,HCO 2 H (b) HCHO,2HCO 2 H (c) CO 2 ,HCHO (d) CO 2 ,HCO 2 H

120. Total number of stereoisomers possible for ketohexose are :
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 32

[B] Amino Acids and Proteins

121. Which of the following amino acids has pI ~ 9.8?

O
O
H2N—CH—C—OH Lysine:
H2N—CH—C—OH Tyrosine:
CH2 pKa1 (COOH) = 2.2
CH2 pKa1 (COOH) = 2.2 pKa2 (NH2) = 9
CH2
(a) pKa2 (NH2) = 9.1 (b) pKa3 (R) = 10.5
pKa3 (R) = 10.1 CH2

OH CH2

NH2
O

H2N—CH—C—OH Arginine:

CH2 pKa1 (COOH) = 2.2

pKa2 (NH2) = 9 O
CH2
pKa3 (R) = 12.5 H2N—CH—C—OH Cysteine:
CH2
(c) (d) CH2 pKa1 (COOH) = 1.7
NH
pKa2 (NH2) = 10.8
SH
C ==NH pKa3 (R) = 8.3

NH2
122. Amino acids are classified as acidic, basic or neutral depending upon the relative number of
amino and carboxyl groups in their molecule. Which of the following are acidic ?
(i) (CH 3 ) 2 CH — CH — COOH (ii) HOOC — CH 2 — CH 2 — CH — COOH
| |
NH 2 NH 2
(iii) H 2 N — CH 2 — CH 2 — CH 2 — COOH (iv) HOOC — CH 2 — CH — COOH
|
NH 2
Biomolecules 387

(a) (ii) and (iv) (b) (iii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (ii) and (iii)
123. Which of the following test is not used to differentiate the proteins ?
(a) Ninhydrin test (b) Molish’s test (c) Milon’s test (d) Biuret test
124. Denaturation of protein leads to loss of its biological activity by :
(a) formation of ammo acids
(b) loss of primary structure
(c) loss of both primary and secondary structure
(d) loss of both secondary and tertiary structure
125. Each polypeptide in a protein has amino acids linked with each other in a specific sequence.
This sequence of amino acids is said to be :
(a) primary structure of proteins (b) secondary structure of proteins
(c) tertiary structure of proteins (d) quaternary structure of proteins
126. Amino acids generally exist in the form of Zwitter ions. This means they contain :
(a) Basic — NH 2 group and acidic — COOH group
+
(b) The basic — NH 3 group and acidic — COO - group
(c) Basic — NH 2 and acidic — H + group
+
(d) Basic — COO - group and acidic — NH 3 group
127. Which one of the nitrogen of histidine is firstly protonated ?
b r
N NH3
s
a CH2 — CH — COOH
N
H
(a) a (b) b (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
128. Proteins are condensation polymers of :
(a) a-amino acids (b) b-amino acids (c) a-hydroxy acids (d) b-hydroxy acids
129. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about proteins ?
(a) Proteins form the basis of structure and function of life.
(b) They are required for growth and maintenance of body.
(c) They are polymers of a-amino acids.
(d) All of the above
130. Globular proteins are present in :
(a) blood (b) eggs (c) milk (d) all of these
131. Which type of interactions are responsible for making the a-helix structure stable ?
(a) Peptide bonds between — NH 2 and — CO groups of adjacent carbon chains.
(b) Hydrogen bonds between — NH of amino acid in one turn with — CO of amino acid to
adjacent mm.
(c) — OH group of one amino acid with — CO group of other amino acid on the turn.
(d) Hydrogen bonds between adjacent amino acids.
132. Proteins are the polymers of a-amino acids and they are connected to each other by ........
Select an appropriate word for the above statement from the options given below.
(a) covalent bond (b) ionic bond (c) peptide bond (d) coordinate bond
 388 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

133. The tertiary structure of proteins arises due the further folding of the .... I ..... structure. It gives
rise to major molecular shapes, i . e., ..... II ..... .
Select appropriate words to complete the above statement from the options given below :
(a) I ® primary II ® fibrous and globular
(b) I ® secondary II ® fibrous and globular
(c) I ® primary II ® tertiary
(d) I ® secondary II ® tertiary
134. Which of the following statements is not correct ?
(a) Proteins arc polyamides formed from amino acids.
(b) Except glycine, all other amino acids show optical activity.
(c) Natural proteins are commonly made up of L-isomer of amino acids.
(d) In a-amino acids, — NH 2 and — COOH groups are attached to different carbon atoms.
135. Amino acids are classified are a , b , g , d on the basis of :
(a) their relative position of amino group.
(b) their relative position of amino group with respect to carboxyl group.
(c) their relative position of carboxyl group.
(d) the relative position of ester with respect to carboxyl group.
136. On what basis, do the fibrous and globular proteins are classified ?
(a) On the basis of number of the amino acids.
(b) On the basis of their molecular shape.
(c) On the basis of type of the amino acids.
(d) All of the above
137. Which of the following is an acidic amino acid ?
(a) Glycine (b) Valine (c) Leucine (d) Glutamic acid
138. Which one of the amino acids can be synthesised in the body ?
(a) Alanine (b) Lysine (c) Valine (d) Histidine
139. A tripeptide is composed equally of L-tyrosine, L-glycine and L-valine (one molecule of each).
How many number of tripeptides can be obtained ?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
140. In fibrous proteins, polypeptide chains are held together by :
(a) van der Waals’ forces (b) electrostatic forces of attraction
(c) hydrogen bonds (d) covalent bonds
141. Primary structure of a protein is :
(a) sequence in which a-amino acids are linked to one another
(b) sequence in which amino acids of one polypeptide chain are joined to other chain
(c) the folding patterns of polypeptide chains
(d) the pattern in which the polypeptide chains are arranged.
142. Select the incorrect example :
(a) Keratin and myosin—Fibrous proteins
(b) Insulin and albumins—Globular proteins
(c) Glycylalanine—Dipeptide
(d) Enzymes and haemoglobin—Derived proteins
143. How many amino acids (approximately) are involved during the synthesis of protein ?
(a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 20 (d) 91
Biomolecules 389

144. How many number of water molecules are removed from the n number of amino acids during
the formation of peptide bond ?
(a) (n -1) (b) n (c) (n -2) (d) (n -3)
145. Which of the following is not true about amino acids ?
(a) They are constituents of all proteins.
(b) Alanine having one amino and one carboxylic group.
(c) Most naturally occurring amino acids have D-configuration.
(d) Glycine is the only naturally occurring amino acid which is optically inactive.
146. The spatial arrangement of the two or more polypeptide chains with respect to each other is
known as :
(a) primary structure (b) secondary structure
(c) tertiary structure (d) quaternary structure
147. A compound which contains both ............... and ............... is called amino acid. The amino
acids in polypeptide chain are joined by ............... bonds.
(a) amino, carboxylic group, ester (b) amino, carboxylic group, peptide
(c) nitrogen, carbon, glycosidic (d) hydroxy, carboxylic group, peptide
148. Secondary structure of proteins refers to :
(a) sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain
(b) bonds between alternate polypeptide chains
(c) folding patterns of polypeptide chain
(d) bonding between NH +4 and COO - of two peptides
149. Casein contained in milk is a/an :
(a) carbohydrate (b) lipid (c) important molecule (d) protein
150. On boiling the egg, what structural changes are taking place in the egg white ?
(a) The colour of the egg changes from colourless to white.
(b) 2° and 3° structures are destroyed but 1° structure remains intact.
(c) 1°, 2° and 3° structures of egg are destroyed.
(d) A reversible change takes place which can be reversed by decreasing the temperature.
151. Which of the following statement is false ?
(a) Glycine is named since it has sweet taste.
(b) Tyros means cheese.
(c) Amino acids are represented only by 3-Letter symbol.
(d) Amino acids are also represented by 1-Letter symbol.
152. Which of the following is not a function of proteins ?
(a) Formation of hah-, wool, skin and nails
(b) As a biological catalysts in the form of enzymes
(c) As food in the form of meat, eggs
(d) As energy provider for metabolism
153. The main force(s) which stabilise the 2° and 3° structures of proteins is/are :
(a) hydrogen bonds
(b) disulphide linkages
(c) van der Waals’ and electrostatic forces of attraction
(d) all of these
 390 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

154. Which compound can exist in a dipolar (Zwitter ion) structure ?

(a) C 6 H 5 CH 2 CH(N == CH 2 )COOH (b) (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH(NH 2 ) COOH
(c) C 6 H 5 CONHCH 2 COOH (d) HOOCCH 2 CH 2 COCOOH
155. In the given reaction,
2 -H O
H 2 NCH 2 COOH + H 2 N — CH — COOH ¾¾® H 2 NCH 2 CONH — CH — COOH
| |
CH 3 CH 3
Name the dipeptide which is formed in the above reaction.
(a) Alanglycine (b) Glycylalanine (c) Alaninglycine (d) Glycinalanine
156. Which one of the following reagent is used to determine the C-terminal end in a polypeptide ?
(a) Hydrazine (b) 2,4-dinitro phenylhydrazine
(c) 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (d) 3,5-difluoronitrobenzene
157. Which one of the following is the correct representation of tripeptide i . e., (alanine-glycine-
alanine) ?
H H O
N N
(a) H2N N (b) H2N N COOH
O CH3 H O CH3 H

CH3 O O H O
H
N H2N N
(c) H2N N COOH (d) N OH
O H H O
CH3 CH3 CH3

158. During curdling of milk, what happens to sugar present in it ?

(a) Sugar is completely dissolved during this process.
(b) There is the formation of lactic acid in the above process.
(c) Sugar is partly dissolved during the curdling of milk.
(d) There is the formation of maltose in this process.
159. Which of the following represents a peptide chain ?
|
(a) — NH — C — NH — C — NH — C — NH —
|| | ||
O O
(b) — NH — C — CH 2 — CH 2 CH 2 — NH — CH 2 CH 2 — C —
|| ||
O O

(c) — NH — CH 2 — C — NH — CH 2 — C — NH — CH 2 —
|| ||
O O

(d) — NH — CH 2 CH 2 — C — NH — NH — CH 2 — C — CH 2 —
|| ||
O O
Biomolecules 391

160. The maximum number of tripeptides which can be obtained from the 20 naturally occurring
amino acids is :
(a) 8000 (b) 6470 (c) 7465 (d) 5360
161. Amino acids are classified as acidic, basic or neutral depending upon the relative number of
amino and carboxyl groups in their molecule.
I. (CH 3 ) 2 CH — CH — COOH II. HOOC — CH 2 — CH 2 — CH — COOH
| |
NH 2 NH 2

III. H 2 N — CH 2 — CH 2 — CH 2 — COOH IV. HOOC — CH 2 — CH — COOH

|
NH 2

Which of the following are acidic amino acid among the above one ? Select the correct option :
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) III and I (d) II and IV
162. Which of the following statements is not correct ?
(a) Only a-amino acids are obtained on hydrolysis of proteins.
(b) The amino acids which are synthesised in the body are known as non-essential amino
acids.
(c) There are 20 essential amino acids.
(d) L-amino acids are represented by writing the — NH 2 group on the left side.
163. What is the Zwitter ion ?
(a) The carboxyl group can lose a proton and amino group can accept a proton in the aqueous
solution which give rise to a dipolar ion.
(b) The carboxyl group can accept a proton and amino group can loose a proton in aqueous
solution which give rise to a dipolar ion.
(c) The amino group can accept a proton and ester group can lose a proton in aqueous
solution which give rise to dipolar ion.
(d) The amino group can lose a proton in aqueous solution and ester group can accept a
proton in aqueous solution which give rise to the dipolar ion.
164. Keratin, a structural protein is present in :
(a) hair (b) wool (c) silk (d) all of these
165. Most common types of secondary structures of proteins are :
(a) a-helix and b -helix structures (b) a-helix and b -pleated sheet structures
(c) right and left hand twisted structures (d) globular and fibrous structures
166. Which of the following statement is incorrect about the secondary structure of protein ?
(a) It refers to the shape in which long polypeptide chain can exist.
(b) It exist in two different type of structures, i . e., a-helix and b -pleated sheet structure.
(c) Its structure arises due to regular folding of the backbone of the polypeptide chain.
(d) There is the covalent bonding between C==O and NH groups of the peptide bond.
167. Which of the following amino acid is optically inactive ?
(a) Glycine (b) Alanine (c) Valine (d) Leucine
 392 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

168. Peptide linkage is present in:

(a) Protein (b) Nylon-66 (c) Sucrose (d) Both (a) and (b)
169. Which of the following is amino acid ?
(a) NH 2 — CH 2 — CO 2 H (b) NH 2 — CH 2 — CH 2 — CO 2 H
(c) NH 2 — CH 2 — CH 2 — CH 2 — CO 2 H (d) All of these
170. Protein is polymer of:
(a) amino acid (b) a-amino acid (c) g-amino acid (d) b-amino acid
171. Amino acid may be:
(a) neutral (b) basic (c) acidic (d) any one of these
172. The given structure of a-amino acid will exist at which pH ?
COOH
r |
NH3—C—H
|
R
(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 0 (d) 12
173. Peptide linkage is:
O O O O
|| || || ||
(a) — C — O — (b) — C — NH 2 (c) — C — NH — NH 2 (d) — C — NH —
174. Which of the following molecules is the skeletal structure of an amino acid ?
s s s
(a) R — C == CH — COO (b) R — CH — CH 2 — COO (c) R — CH — COO
| | |
ONH 3 NH 3 NH 3
r r r
O O
|| s || r
(d) R — CH — C — COO (e) R — CH — C — NH 3
| |
NH 3 COO s
r
175. Which of the following is an L-amino acid ?
s s s s
COO COO COO COO H
r r r r r
(a) H3N H (b) H3N H (c) H NH3 (d) H3N R (e) R NH3
s
H R R H COO
176. Which of the following best represents the structure of an amino acid in basic solution
(pH = 11) ?
s s
(a) R — CH — COO (b) R — CH — COOH (c) R — CH — COOH (d) R — CH — COO
| | | |
NH 2 NH 2 rNH 3 rNH 3
Biomolecules 393

177. Which of the following is Zwitter ion ?

r
r s NH3
NH3 Cl
r s r s
(a) (b) O Cl (c) (d) NaCl

—
H
SO
s 3
178. Which of the following compound can form Zwitter ion?
NH NH CO2H CO2H
2 2
(a) H CH3 (b) H NH2 (c) H NH2 (d) H CO2H
OH Ph CH3 CH3
179. Name the molecules except protein and carbohydrates that play an important role in function
of organism.
(a) Vitamins (b) Mineral salts (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
180. Which of the following disease(s) is/are caused by the deficiency of the enzyme phenyl ketone
urea ?
(a) Congential disease(b) Albinism disease (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
181. Which of the following diseases is caused by deficiency of an enzyme ?
(a) Phenylketoneurea (b) Cheilosis (c) Scurvy (d) Xerophthalmia
182. Vegetable oils like wheat germ oil, sunflower oil etc. are the good source of :
(a) vitamin K (b) vitamin E (c) vitamin D (d) vitamin A
183. Name the enzyme that catalyses the reaction given below :
(?)
C 12 H 22 O 11 ¾® 2 C 6 H 12 O 6
maltose glucose
(a) Talose (b) Lactose (c) Pepsin (d) Maltase
184. The conversion of maltose into glucose is possible by the enzyme :
(a) zymase (b) lactase (c) maltase (d) diastase

[C] Vitamins

185. I. Vitamins are the organic compounds required in small amounts in the diet but their
deficiency causes specific disease.
II. Vitamins cannot be synthesised by plant but our body can only synthesis them.
III. Some of the vitamins are produced by the bacteria’s gut.
IV. Vitamins are necessary to perform the specific biological functions for the normal
maintenance of optimum growth and health of the organism.
Select the incorrect statement about the vitamins :
(a) I (b) II (c) I and II (d) III and IV
186. Vitamin A is present in :
(a) fish liver oil (b) milk (c) butter (d) all of these
187. Deficiency of biotin causes dermatits and paralysis, biotin is also known as :
(a) vitamin B 1 (b) vitamin H (c) vitamin B 12 (d) vitamin D
 394 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

188. Which of the following vitamins is water soluble ?

(a) Vitamin E (b) Vitamin D (c) Riboflavin (d) Ascorbic acid
189. Which of the following diseases is not correctly matched with the vitamins mentioned with it ?
(a) Vitamin B 2 -Cracking of lips (b) Vitamin C-Bone deformities
(c) Vitamin D-Osteomalacia (d) Vitamin A-Night blindness
190. Deficiency of vitamin E causes :
(a) rickets (b) scurvy
(c) muscular weakness (d) mode of synthesis
191. Which is a fat soluble vitamin ?
(a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin B 6 (c) Vitamin C (d) Vitamin B 2

[D] Nucleic Acids

192. Select the base which is not common in DNA and RNA.
(a) Adenine (A) (b) Guanine (G) (c) Cytosine (C) (d) Uracil (U)
193. Vitamin C must be supplied regularly in diet because :
(a) it is water soluble hence excreted in urine and can’t be stored in the body.
(b) it is fat soluble hence stored in the body and cannot be used on regular basis.
(c) it is required in a large amount by the body hence supplied regularly.
(d) it is water soluble hence used by the body on daily basis and is to be supplied regularly.
194. Which of the following statement is correct ?
(a) Every individual has unique fingerprints and it occur at the tips of fingers.
(b) A sequence of bases on DNA is also unique for a person and information regarding this is
called fingerprinting.
(c) Fingerprints can be altered by the surgery.
(d) All of these
195. Phosphodiester linkage is present between which carbon atoms of pentose sugars of
nucleotides ?
(a) 5¢ and 3 ¢ (b) 1¢ and 5¢ (c) 5¢ and 5¢ (d) 3 ¢ and 3 ¢
196. Which of the following statement is correct regarding vitamins ?
(a) They are designated by A, B, C and D.
(b) They are further named as B 1 , B 2 , B 6 and B 12 ...
(c) Vitamins pills should not be taken without the advice of doctor.
(d) All of these
197. Name the three fundamental of processes that take place in this genetic information.
II III
I DNA ¾¾® RNA ¾¾® Proteins

Select correct names for the processes I, II and III from the option given below.
I II III
(a) Replication Transcription Translation
(b) Replication Translation Transcription
(c) Transcription Replication Translation
(d) Translation Replication Transcription
Biomolecules 395

198. Guanine is an example of :

(a) a nitrogenous base (b) a nucleoside
(c) a nucleotide (d) phosphate
O
5¢ 5¢
HO—H2C O Base –
O—P—O—H2C O Base
4¢ 1¢ 4¢ 1¢
199. H H O– H H
H 3¢ 2¢ H H 3¢ 2¢ H
OH OH OH OH
I II
Identify I and II in the above structure.
(a) I Nucleoside and II Nucleotide (b) I and II are nucleosides
(c) I and II are nucleotides (d) I Nucleotide and II Nucleoside
200. Which of the following bases is not present in RNA ?
(a) Adenine (b) Guanine (c) Cytosine (d) Thymine
201. Which of the following are purine bases ?
I. Guanine II. Adenine III. Thymine IV. Uracil
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) III and IV (d) I and IV
HOH2C O OH HOH2C O OH
H H H H
H H H H
202.
OH OH OH H
(A) (B)

Name A and B in the given structure.

(a) (A) ® b-D-ribose ; (B) ® b-D-2-deoxyribose
(b) (A) ® a-D-ribose ; (B) ® b-D-3-deoxyribose
(c) (A) ® b-D-deoxyribose ; (B) ® b-D-ribose
(d) (A) ® b-D-deoxyribose ; (B) ® a-D-ribose
203. What will be the sequence of complementary strand of DNA if the one strand of DNA has the
sequence of TATGACTG ?
(a) ATACACTC (b) ACGTTGAC (c) ATACTGAC (d) ATACTGCA
 396 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

204. Select the correct statement about the given structure.

5¢ 3¢

—GººC—
—A==T———
——T==A———
—A==T——

—CººG——
——GººC———
——T==A———
—CººG—

—T==A—
—
——GººC——
——A==T——
—T==A—

——A==T—
———T==A——
——CººG———
—GººC—

5¢ 3¢
(a) It is the b -pleated structure of DNA.
(b) It is the double strand helix structure of RNA.
(c) It is the double strand helix structure of DNA.
(d) It is the b -pleated structure of RNA.
205. Match the vitamins given in column I with the deficiency diseases caused by it given in column
II and select the correct option :

Column-I Column-II

(A) Vitamin B 1 (i) Convulsions

(B) Vitamin B 2 (ii) Pernicious anaemia

(C) Vitamin B 12 (iii) Beriberi

(D) Vitamin B 6 (iv) Cheilosis

(a) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (ii)

(b) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (ii)
Biomolecules 397

(c) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (iii)

(d) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (i)
206. Match the column I with product given in the column II and select the correct option :

Column-I Column-II

(A) CHO (i). COOH

2 NH OH
(CHOH)4 ¾¾¾® (CHOH)4

CH2OH CH2OH

(B) CHO (ii) CH==NOH

HCN (CHOH)4
(CHOH)4 ¾¾¾®

CH2OH CH2OH

(C) CHO (iii) CN

CH
2 Br water
(CHOH)4 ¾¾¾® OH
(CHOH)4
CH2OH
CH2OH

(a) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii) (b) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (i)

(c) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (ii) (d) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (iii)
207. Match the column I with column II and select the correct option :

Column-I Column-II

(A) Nucleoside (i) Sugar + base + phosphoric acid group

(B) Nucleotide (ii) Cytosine + uracil

(C) DNA (iii) Sugar + base

(D) RNA (iv) Cytosine + thymine

(a) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (ii)

(b) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (ii)
(c) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (iv )
(d) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (iii)
 398 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

208. Match the following enzymes given in column I with the reactions they catalyse given in
column II and select the correct option :

Column-I (Enzymes) Column-II (Reactions)

(A) Invertase (i) Decomposition of urea into NH 3 and CO 2

(B) Maltase (ii) Conversion of glucose into ethyl alcohol

(C) Pepsin (iii) Hydrolysis of maltose into glucose

(D) Urease (iv) Hydrolysis of cane sugar

(E) Zymase (v) Hydrolysis of proteins into peptides

(a) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® ( v ),(D) ® (iii),(E ) ® (i)

(b) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® ( v ),(D) ® (i),(E ) ® (ii)
(c) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® ( v ),(E ) ® (ii)
(d) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® ( v ),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (iii),(E ) ® (i)
209. Match the name of vitamins in column I with their sources in column II and select the correct
option :

Column-I Column-II

(A) Vitamin B 1 (i) Milk, yeast, cereals

(B) Vitamin B 12 (ii) Meat, fish, egg

(C) Vitamin A (iii) Carrots, butter, papaya

(D) Vitamin C (iv) Citrus fruits, amla, green leafy vegetables

(a) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (ii)

(b) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (i)
(c) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (i)
(d) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv )
210. Match the vitamins given in column I with their deficiency disease given in column II and
select the correct option :

Column-I (Vitamins) Column-II (Diseases)

(A) Vitamin B 12 (i) Increased blood clotting time

(B) Vitamin C (ii) Pernicious anaemia
(C) Vitamin D (iii) Increased fragility of RBCs and muscular weakness
(D) Vitamin E (iv) Scurvy
(E) Vitamin K (v) Rickets and Osteomalacia
Biomolecules 399

(a) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (iii),(E ) ® ( v )

(b) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iv ),(C) ® ( v ),(D) ® (iii),(E ) ® (i)
(c) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® ( v ),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv ),(E ) ® (i)
(d) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv ),(E ) ® ( v )
211. Match the column I with column II and select the correct option :

Column-I Column-II

(A) Pentose sugar in DNA (i) Ascorbic acid

(B) Nucleic acid (ii) Uracil

(C) RNA (iii) Genetic material

(D) Vitamin (iv) Furanose structure

(a) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (i)

(b) ( A ) ® (iii),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (i)
(c) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (iv ),(D) ® (i)
(d) ( A ) ® (i),(B) ® (ii),(C) ® (iii),(D) ® (iv )
212. Match the following structure of base given in Column I with their name given in the Column II
and select the correct option from the codes given below :

Column-I Column-II
NH2

N C
(A) C N (i) Thymine (T)
HC
C CH
N N
H
NH2

C
(B) HC N (ii) Guanine (G)

HC C
N O
H
O

H3C C
(C) C NH (iii) Cytosine (C)

HC C
N O
H
400 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

N C
(D) C NH (iv) Uracil (U)
HC
C C
N N NH2
H
O

C
(E) HC NH (v) Adenine (A)

HC C
N O
H

(a) ( A ) ® (iv ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (i),(E ) ® ( v )

(b) ( A ) ® ( v ),(B) ® (i),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® (iii),(E ) ® (iv )
(c) ( A ) ® (ii),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (ii),(D) ® ( v ),(E ) ® (iv )
(d) ( A ) ® ( v ),(B) ® (iii),(C) ® (i),(D) ® (ii),(E ) ® (iv )
Biomolecules 401

A nswers
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (b)

11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (b)

21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (b)

31. (a) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (c) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (d)

41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (d) 44. (c) 45. (b) 46. (b) 47. (b) 48. (d) 49. (d) 50. (b)

51. (c) 52. (a) 53. (b) 54. (b) 55. (a) 56. (c) 57. (c) 58. (d) 59. (d) 60. (d)

61. (d) 62. (c) 63. (c) 64. (b) 65. (b) 66. (d) 67. (d) 68. (a) 69. (c) 70. (c)

71. (a) 72. (c) 73. (d) 74. (d) 75. (d) 76. (c) 77. (a) 78. (d) 79. (a) 80. (d)

81. (c) 82. (b) 83. (c) 84. (c) 85. (b) 86. (a) 87. (c) 88. (d) 89. (b) 90. (a)

91. (d) 92. (b) 93. (d) 94. (a) 95. (b) 96. (a) 97. (d) 98. (a) 99. (c) 100. (b)

101. (b) 102. (b) 103. (a) 104. (a) 105. (b) 106. (a) 107. (a) 108. (d) 109. (d) 110. (b)

111. (d) 112. (c) 113. (b) 114. (c) 115. (d) 116. (a) 117. (a) 118. (d) 119. (b) 120. (b)

121. (b) 122. (a) 123. (b) 124. (d) 125. (a) 126. (d) 127. (b) 128. (a) 129. (d) 130. (d)

131. (b) 132. (c) 133. (b) 134. (d) 135. (b) 136. (b) 137. (d) 138. (a) 139. (c) 140. (c)

141. (a) 142. (d) 143. (c) 144. (a) 145. (c) 146. (d) 147. (b) 148. (c) 149. (d) 150. (b)

151. (c) 152. (d) 153. (d) 154. (b) 155. (b) 156. (a) 157. (d) 158. (b) 159. (c) 160. (a)

161. (d) 162. (c) 163. (a) 164. (d) 165. (b) 166. (d) 167. (a) 168. (d) 169. (d) 170. (b)

171. (d) 172. (c) 173. (d) 174. (c) 175. (b) 176. (a) 177. (c) 178. (c) 179. (c) 180. (a)

181. (a) 182. (b) 183. (d) 184. (c) 185. (b) 186. (d) 187. (c) 188. (c) 189. (b) 190. (a)

191. (a) 192. (d) 193. (a) 194. (d) 195. (a) 196. (d) 197. (a) 198. (a) 199. (a) 200. (d)

201. (a) 202. (a) 203. (c) 204. (c) 205. (d) 206. (b) 207. (a) 208. (b) 209. (b) 210. (d)

211. (c) 212. (d)

 402 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

Level-2 Assertion and Reason

Instructions : In each of the following questions, a Statement of Assertion (A) is given followed by
a corresponding Reason (R) just below it. Read the Statement carefully and mark the correct
answer—
(A) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(C) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(D) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

1. Assertion (A) : D-(+)-glucose is dextrorotatory in nature.

Reason (R) : ‘D’ represents its dextrorotatory nature.
2. Assertion (A) : D-glucose is dextrorotatory whereas L-glucose is laevorotatory.
Reason (R) : D-compounds are always dextro and L-compounds are always laevo.
3. Assertion (A) : Glucose does not form the hydrogen bisulphite addition product.
Reason (R) : Glucose is not so reactive to form the product with NaHSO 3 .
4. Assertion (A) : When RNA is hydrolysed, there is no relationship among the quantities of
different bases obtained.
Reason (R) : RNA molecules are of three types (m-RNA, r-RNA, t-RNA) and they
perform different functions.
5. Assertion (A) : All enzymes found in cells are invariably proteins which catalyse
biological reactions.
Reason (R) : Enzymes act efficiently at a moderate temperature and pH.
6. Assertion (A) : Glucose on acetylation gives pentaacetate.
Reason (R) : It contains five OH group.
7. Assertion (A) : Vitamin B and C must be supplied regularly in the diet.
Reason (R) : Vitamins B and C are soluble in water which are readily excreted through
urine and cannot be stored (except vitamin B 12 ) in our body.
8. Assertion (A) : The two strands of DNA are complementary to each others.
Reason (R) : Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with guanine and thymine forms
hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
9. Assertion (A) : Vitamin A, D, E and K are stored in liver and adipose tissue.
Reason (R) : Vitamins are soluble in fats and oils.
10. Assertion (A) : Vitamin D cannot be stored in our body.
Reason (R) : Vitamin D is fat soluble vitamin and is excreted from the body in urine.
11. Assertion (A) : The term vitamin is replaced by vitamin now days.
Reason (R) : Vitamin came from vital + amine and it was identified that vitamin did
not contain amino groups.
Biomolecules 403

12. Assertion (A) : Acetic acid is a carbohydrate.

Reason (R) : Acetic acid fits into general formula C 2 (H 2 O) 2 .
13. Assertion (A) : Hydrolysis of cane sugar by mineral acid is known as racemisation of cane
sugar.
Reason (R) : Hydrolysis of cane sugar gives one mole of glucose and one mole of
fructose.
14. Assertion (A) : Treatment of D-glucose with dilute alkali gives an equilibrium mixture
consisting of D-mannose, D-fructose and D-glucose.
Reason (R) : The above rearrangement involves hybridisation at C-2 changing from
sp 3 to sp 2 .
15. Assertion (A) : About 50% of energy released during degradation of glucose appears as
heat. The remainder is converted to chemical energy and stored in ATP.
Reason (R) : ATP accumulate energy and store it for later use.
16. Assertion (A) : Uracil is a purine base.
Reason (R) : It has the structure.
O
H C H
N C
C C
O C H
H
17. Assertion (A) : ATP molecules are energy rich molecules.
Reason (R) : ATP consists of a purine base adenine, pentose sugar ribose and a string of
three phosphate groups.
18. Assertion (A) : Vitamin B 5 is also called pyridoxin.
Reason (R) : Deficiency of vitamin B 5 causes dermatitis and dementia.
19. Assertion (A) : Solubilities of protein are minimum at the isoelectric point.
Reason (R) : At isoelectric point, protein molecule behaves as a Zwitter ion.
20. Assertion (A) : All monosaccharides are sweet.
Reason (R) : All monosaccharides have the general formula C 6 H 12 O 6 .
21. Assertion (A) : Thymine pairs with adenine whereas cytosine pairs with guanine in DNA.
Reason (R) : The hydrogen bonds among bases are specific.
22. Assertion (A) : DNA undergoes replication.
Reason (R) : DNA contains cytosine and thymine as pyrimidine base.
23. Assertion (A) : Starch contains 20% amylose and 80% amylopectin.
Reason (R) : In starch, the glucose units are linked by b-linkages.
24. Assertion (A) : The number of tripeptides formed by three different amino acids is five.
Reason (R) : Peptides are formed by condensation of ¾NH 2 group of one a-amino
acid with ¾COOH group of the other with the elimination of a molecule
of H 2 O.
25. Assertion (A) : a-amino acids have Zwitter ion structure.
Reason (R) : a-amino acids have least conductivity at isoelectric point.
404 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

26. Assertion (A) : Starch on hydrolysis yields a-D-glucose.

Reason (R) : Enzyme amylase can hydrolyse starch.
27. Assertion (A) : Proteins upon hydrolysis gives a-amino acids.
Reason (R) : Prosthetic group is present in simple proteins.
28. Assertion (A) : Glucose when treated with CH 3 OH in presence of dry HCl gas gives a-and
b-methyl glucosides.
Reason (R) : Glucose reacts with phenyl hydrazine to form crystalline osazone.
29. Assertion (A) : DNA has a double helix structure.
Reason (R) : The two strands in a DNA molecule are exactly similar.
30. Assertion (A) : All enzymes are proteins but all proteins are not enzymes.
Reason (R) : Keratin is an enzyme.
31. Assertion (A) : Fructose is the sweetest sugar.
Reason (R) : Fructose is a functional isomer of glucose.
32. Assertion (A) : Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction.
Reason (R) : Enzyme action is inhibited by certain organic molecules called inhibitors.
33. Assertion (A) : Millon’s test is a test to identify carbohydrates.
Reason (R) : Millon’s reagent is solution of mercurous nitrate and mercuric nitrate in
nitric acid containing little nitrous acid.
34. Assertion (A) : In polysaccharides, monosaccharides units are linked to each other by
glycoside linkage.
Reason (R) : Glycoside linkage is an ether linkage.
35. Assertion (A) : Carboxypeptidase is an exopeptidase.
Reason (R) : It cleaves the N-terminal bond.
36. Assertion (A) : Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar.
Reason (R) : It has glycosidic linkage.
37. Assertion (A) : Maltose is a reducing sugar which gives two moles of D-glucose on
hydrolysis.
Reason (R) : Maltose has a 1, 4-b-glycosidic linkage.
38. Assertion (A) : Maltose is composed of galactose.
Reason (R) : Glucose and galactose are differ from C 3 position.
39. Assertion (A) : b-pleated sheet structure of protein shows maximum extension.
Reason (R) : Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is present in them.
40. Assertion (A) : Fructose is a reducing sugar.
Reason (R) : It has an ketonic group.
41. Assertion (A) : All enzymes are made up of proteins which have three dimensional
structure.
Reason (R) : Secondary structure of protein are sequence of aminoacids.
42. Assertion (A) : Tyrosine is an essential amino acid.
Reason (R) : It can be synthesized in body.
43. Assertion (A) : D & L-glucose are enantiomers.
Reason (R) : Mirror images are non-superimpossible.
Biomolecules 405

44. Assertion (A) : Glucose does not give 2, 4-DNP test.

Reason (R) : Glucose does not have free carbonyl group.
45. Assertion (A) : Tryptophan is less basic than Histidine.
Reason (R) : Tryptophan has sp 3 hybridised nitrogen but Histidine has sp 2
hybridisation.

A nswers

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (A) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (B) 10. (D)
11. (A) 12. (D) 13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (B) 16. (D) 17. (B) 18. (D) 19. (D) 20. (C)
21. (A) 22. (B) 23. (C) 24. (D) 25. (B) 26. (B) 27. (C) 28. (B) 29. (C) 30. (C)
31. (B) 32. (B) 33. (D) 34. (B) 35. (C) 36. (B) 37. (C) 38. (D) 39. (B) 40. (B)
41. (C) 42. (A) 43. (A) 44. (A) 45. (C)
406 Elementary Organic Chemistry for Medical

S olutions

13. (D) Hydrolysis of cane sugar by mineral acid like HCl (dil.) is known as inversion of cane
sugar. This is because the optical rotation gets inverted after hydrolysis.
14. (A)
15. (B) Refer cycle or citric acid cycle for glucose metabolism.
16. (D) Uracil is a pyrimidine base.
17. (B) ATP contains four negatively charged oxygen atoms very close to each other. Hence, the
repulsive forces between them is high. When ATP is hydrolysed, a H 2 PO --4- ion is
eliminated and the number of negatively charged oxygen atoms decrease. Thus,
repulsive forces decrease and a large amount of energy is set free. When ATP changes to
ADP, which, in turn, changes into AMP, energy is released at each step. This is how ATP
can act as a source of energy.
18. (D) Vitamin B 5 is also called nicotinic acid. Nicotinic acid in the form of nicotinamide is
found usually in all living cells in small amounts.
19. (D) Solubility of protein is maximum at the isoelectric point.
20. (C) All monosaccharides have general formula (CH 2 O) n ; n = 3 - 6
21. (A)
22. (B) The genetic information of the cell is contained in the sequence of base A, T, G and C in
DNA molecule. When a cell divides, DNA molecules replicate and make exact copies of
themselves so that each daughter cell will have DNA identical to that of the parent cell.
23. (C) The glucose units are linked to one another by a-glycosidic linkages in starch.
24. (D) Each amino acid has one N-terminal end and one C-terminal end, therefore three
different amino acids will form 2 ´ 3 = 6 different tripeptides.
25. (B) R CH ¾ COOH ® R CH ¾ COO -
| |
NH 2 NH 3
Å
Zwitter ion is formed due to the presence of acid and base site in same molecule.
26. (B) Starch is a polysaccharide of glucose.
27. (C) Conjugated proteins also contain a prosthetic group and on hydrolysis give in addition
to a-amino acids a non-protein part called the prosthetic group.
28. (B) The ring structure C 1 in glucose becomes chiral and hence glucose exists in two
stereoisomeric forms, i.e., a-and b-corresponding to each stereoisomeric form, so
glucose forms two methyl glucosides, i.e., a-and b-methyl glucosides.
29. (C) The two strands in a DNA molecules are not exactly similar but are complimentary.
30. (C) Only globular proteins which catalyse biochemical reactions are called enzymes,
keratin is a fibrous protein.
31. (B) Fructose contains ketonic group but no specific reason is being given for it to be the
sweetest.
32. (B) Enzymes are very efficient catalysts. They speed up the rate of a reaction by factors up
to 10 20 by lowering the energy of activation of the reaction.
Biomolecules 407

33. (D) Millon’s test is used for proteins. When Millon’s reagent is added to the aqueous
solution of a protein, a white precipitate is formed.

34. (B) O

Ether linkage between two units.

44. (A) Glucose has cyclic haworth structure so doesn’t have free carbonyl group.
a-D(+)-Glucopyranose

CH2–
CH2–

45. (C) NH
sp2 N N
H sp2
Tryptophan Histidene