Technological Institute of the Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CE 302-CE31S5 - Highway and Railroad Engineering

Assignment #1: Module 1

Submitted by

DULAY, RUZZEL A.

Submitted to

ENGR. RESTIE PIPO

SEPTEMBER 10, 2023

Question:

1.Research
Item 2 more about the Main Road Components stated on our Lesson.
2. Sub-base
A sub-base
Asphalt
(Attach is a layer
Pictures of granular
and Identify andmaterial
Expoundlocated the Main between
Road the subgrade and the base c
Components)
ourse of a road pavement.
PCCP
When
ItemAsphalt pavementis of poor quality, it is provided as an additional layer.
3 the subgrade
2. Research on the latest Technology Involving PCCP and Asphalt Roads (at least 3
It is
each) made up of a layer
Asphalt simulation
pavement of lessare
binders expensive
used in the material, such asofburnt
construction clinker,for
pavements natural gravel
the subbase,
Computer
Circumferential and radial roads
, orbase
slag.course, and surface layers. Asphalt binders are most commonly used in paving
"Advancements
3. inProminent
roadbuilding arePatterns
coming ininNational
engineering areas," says Gene
3. Look
There arefor
tenother
applications
Basic Course radial
for roads
hot mixthat Road
serve
asphalt to transport
(HMA) and warm Capital
trafficmix
in and Region
out
asphalt of (give
Manila
(WMA). onethe met
to
These
Syvenky,
example
ropolis's
materials CEO
each of
areRoad
surrounding the Alberta
Pattern) Roadbuilders
cities andtransported,
manufactured, provinces, and & Heavy
andtheystored Construction
areatnumbered Association.
counterclockwise.
high temperatures. WMA is
Computer
A base
All radial
typically modeling
course,
roads beginisat
soling,
produced being
or
at used much
foundation
Kilometer
temperatures course
Zero,
20°Fmore
which
to aforlayer
is 40°Fisstructure
marked
lower design,
of boulders
by
than aHMA orwhich
marble bricksbenefits
provided
marcos
(around that runAt
300°F).
taxpayers
over
s acrossthe
elevated and
subbase results
or
thetemperatures, in
Rizal Monument better
immediately
WMA performing
over
in Rizal the
Parkfor
accounts roadways.
subgrade
along
40%Roxas in the absence
of theBoulevard. of a subbase in a
production of asphalt paving
road pavement.
mixtures. 65%Thisof WMAcoursemixtures
is regardedareas the most important
created and significant
"Using
There computer
are six modeling
circumferential forroads
a structure
that likeasanusing
serve city
foaming
overpass,
beltways
techniques
foraround
example, is(2).
much
Manila.
This
more
component
Answers:
document of road structure
will useexplains. because
HMA terminology it is responsible
tocan
refer for
toideas,
both andabsorbing
HMA and the
WMA. impact of
Thesee
industry
effective,"
The first Syvenky
two runs take place "Engineers proper, while the next three take placethe
test you can instantly
traffic transferred
terminology for through
HMA thewithin
and wearing
WMA Manila
is course.
evolving. out
effects,
side including
of Manila. cost impacts,
Another of changes."\
circumferential road, the C-
6, is beingpavements
built outside of Metro Manila.
Perpetual
Item 1
Design of Pavement
Perpetual pavements areThickness
intended to last 50 years, as opposed to 20 years for
conventional
In the 1930s, pavementUzarowski
1. Subgrade pavements. attributes
thickness design the durability
concepts to the components
were developed based on soilof
superior-performing
mechanics principles. asphalts
By the as late
well1950s,
as the two-
ability
andto three-layer
model and analyze road systems
elastic solutions for
prior to
Subgrade construction.
predicting deflections,
or formation stress,
refers andfinished
to the strains inand
pavement
compacted layers were available.
earthwork surface onChevron
Asphalt
which
"Fatigue created
a road the first
pavement
cracking occurs lineartheelastic
rests.
when tensilemultilayered
strength at thepavement
asphalt'sanalysis
bottomcomputer
exceeds the
program in the mid 1960s. Soon after, Shell Oil created a
limit." "With perpetual pavement, the trick is to design it from the ground multilayer elastic
up,"computer
program.says.
Depending
Uzarowski Layered
on elastic programs
the topography have been
and finalized used as
formation a research
level, a road'stool since the
subgrade may1960s
be
and have
provided on been incorporatedininto
an embankment, someor
cutting, state
on highway agencies'
existing ground mechanistic
level. It is madeempirical
up of
pavementreclamation
Full-depth
well-compacted design procedures.
natural soil that has been shaped to the desired camber and gradient.
Asphalt
Repairing
Because theAdhesives
roads hasload
entire traditionally involvedincluding
of the pavement, removingthe theload
old of
asphalt
trafficpavement
transmittedand
hauling
through ittheoff-site
pavement,for disposal. Full-depth
is eventually taken reclamation
up byandtheplayis a repairing
subgrade, technique
the thickness andin type
Asphalt
which the binders
old asphaltareisimportant
mixed economically
with the underlying gravel a significant
and the role in determining
resulting
of the
pavement
performancestructure areasphalt
of an determined by the supporting
pavement. power of the subgrade.
asphalt/gravel combination is used to form aAsphalt
new road binders
base. are complex materials with
difficult to
4. Wearing defineOr
Course mechanical properties and extremely complex chemical properties.
Surface Course
According
Mixing to a chemical
the asphalt engineer
into the gravel haswith
beena major
provenoilto company,
produce a studying asphalt
better-quality base
The wearing
chemistry
material, course
will
saves or
theremain surfacing
cost and difficultis the topmost
because the
environmental layer of the
material contains
implications road
of removing pavement
millions
the of that is of
oldmillions
asphalt
directly exposed
individual
from the site and to
moleculestraffic.
reducesinthe In the
extremelycase of
amount complex flexible pavements,
structures.
of new aggregate used. it may consist of one or
more layers.
A good wearing course should be impervious to water and weather. It must be able to
withstand the abrasive action of traffic.
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CE 302-CE31S5 - Highway and Railroad Engineering

Assignment #2: Module 1

Submitted by

DULAY, RUZZEL A.

Submitted to

ENGR. EIFFEL VINCENT MANANSALA

SEPTEMBER 5, 2023

Question:
1. Make an Organizational Chart of Personnel involved in Road Construction
based on Our Discussion From Client/Contractor down to Laborer.
2. Research on Different Advance Road Construction and infrastructure
Item 2

Reduce
TRIMMdisruption.
Periodic
During
TRIMMthe Maintenance:
constructionRoad
(Tomorrow's phase, you should Monitoring
Infrastructure make every andeffort to minimize isdisruption
Management) an FP7 to
the natural
project thatenvironment and surroundingroad
focuses on not-yet-existing communities. To avoid
infrastructure. advancedexcessive cutting or
monitoring
PM 4 Every
digging, use 1,000
the hours
least or 20,000
invasive kilometers
techniques, such as directional
techniques have been implemented, which can provide critical information to drilling or trenchless
methods.
supplement You shoulddata
existing also limit the width of the construction zone, control dust and
Rehabilitation Usage of
noise levels, and prevent 3,500 hours
invasive species or from
70,000
spreading. You should also restore
disturbed areasmaintenance.
Data for road as soon as possible
TRIMMbyincludes
replanting vegetation,
techniques stabilizing slopes,
for monitoring bridges,and
kilometers
establishing wildlife passageways.
pavements, and road equipment. The emphasis is on how monitoring data can be used
in asset management systems via indicators.
According
Item 4 to DO No. 64 Series of 2016, Section G, Item No. 3 The Equipment
Section (AES)
Advances in sensing of the technologies
Equipment Management
and information Division Under now
processing the auspices
offer theof the
Regional
possibilityOffice
Barangay road (RO) andpractices
construction
of improving the Equipment
and such as Services
maintenance Unit (ESU),
cost efficiency, time andThespatial
Districtcoverage,
Engineering
the extent of traffic disruptions, and indicator dependability, interpretation offor
Office's (DEO) Maintenance Section will be jointly responsible physical
carrying
processes,out
Barangay PMsas2,opposed
roads,
reflection 3,
ofand 4toasmain
functionaloutlined
and above
highways,
safety schedules.
are minor
needs, Furthermore,
roads
versatility aslocated the ESUofwill
well asoutside
versatility.
be solely
town responsible
or urban for carrying
areas. Minor out PMthe
roads within 1, city
as The AES
limits arewill monitor
referred andmunicipal
to as certify the
operation,
roads or city roads, depending on the context. The field offices of the Ministry of and
while the operator/driver will ensure the maintenance of all equipment
vehicles on a daily/routine
Public Highways construct basis
and maintain barangay roads in collaboration with local
officials, particularly the village leader or barangay chairman. The various barangay
DO No. 11choose
chairmen Seriesconstruction
of 2016, with andtheimprovement
subject "Routine Maintenance"
projects. Because there are
insufficient funds to fund all submitted projects, the various projects are screened by
Manual
committeesfor Service
at three Vehicles and Mostprovincial,
levels: municipal, Commonlyand Used Equipment."
national. When accepted, all
barangay roads must be inventoried by the barangay chairman.
Always follow the instructions provided by the equipment manufacturer.
Categories of Preventive Maintenance

Preventive Maintenance (PM) is a process that includes inspection, lubrication, and

Item
repair.3 Operations carried out at predetermined intervals or in accordance with
prescribed procedures criteria designed to reduce the likelihood of failure or
Select eco-friendly
malfunctioning materials. and motor vehicles. It must be inspected and maintained
of equipment
on a regular basis. Schedules to eliminate the possibility of the elements of premature
The
onsetmaterials usedand
breakdown, in road construction
ensure maximum can have a and
efficiency significant impact
equipment on the
longevity.
environmental footprint of your project. Choose materials that are long-lasting,
recyclable,
PM 1 Everyrenewable,
50 hours orand lowkilometers
1,000 in carbon and energy consumption. For example,
instead of using virgin aggregates, you can use recycled asphalt, concrete, or glass, or
bio-based
PM 2 Every binders instead
250 hours of petroleum-based
or 5,000 kilometers ones. Permeable pavements, which
allow water to infiltrate and thus reduce runoff and flooding, can also be used.
PM 3 Every 500 hours or 10,000 kilometers

Categories of Preventive Maintenance

Daily Maintenance Before equipment operation