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Coordinate
Geometry Booster
with Problems & Solutions
for
JEE
Main and Advanced
CG_Prelims.indd 1 2/7/2017 2:33:46 PM

About the Author
REJAUL MAKSHUD (RM)
Post Graduated from Calcutta University in PURE MATHEMATICS.
Presently, he trains IIT Aspirants at RACE IIT Academy, Jamshedpur.

Coordinate
Geometry Booster
with Problems & Solutions
for
JEE
Main and Advanced
Rejaul Makshud
M. Sc. (Calcutta University, Kolkata)
McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited

CHENNAI
McGraw Hill Education Offices

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Published by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited

444/1, Sri Ekambara Naicker Industrial Estate, Alapakkam, Porur, Chennai - 600 116
Coordinate Geometry Booster
Copyright © 2017, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission
of the publishers. The program listings (if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they
may not be reproduced for publication.
This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers,

ISBN (13): 978-93-5260-509-5

ISBN (10): 93-5260-509-8
Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGraw Hill Education (India), from sources believed to be
reliable. However, neither McGraw Hill Education (India) nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness
of any information published herein, and neither McGraw Hill Education (India) nor its authors shall be responsible
for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the
understanding that McGraw Hill Education (India) and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting
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Typeset at The Composers, 260, C.A. Apt., Paschim Vihar, New Delhi 110 063 and text and cover printed at
Cover Designer: Creative Designer
visit us at: www.mheducation.co.in

Dedicated to
My Parents

Preface
COORDINATE GEOMETRY BOOSTER with Problems & Solutions for JEE Main and Advanced is meant for aspirants
preparing for the entrance examination of different technical institutions, especially NIT/IIT/BITSAT/IISc. In writing this
book, I have drawn heavily from my long teaching experience at National Level Institutes. After many years of teaching, I have
realised the need of designing a book that will help the readers to build their base, improve their level of mathematical concepts
and enjoy the subject.
This book is designed keeping in view the new pattern of questions asked in JEE Main and Advanced Exams. It has six
chapters. Each chapter has the concept booster followed by a large number of exercises with the exact solutions to the problems
as given below:
Level - I : Problems based on Fundamentals
Level - II : Mixed Problems (Objective Type Questions)
Level - III : Problems for JEE Advanced Exam
Level - IV : Tougher Problems for JEE-Advanced Exam
(0.......9) : Integer Type Questions
Passages : Comprehensive Link Passages
Matching : Matrix Match
Previous years’ papers : Questions asked in previous years’ JEE-Advanced Exams
Remember friends, no problem in mathematics is difficult. Once you understand the concept, they will become easy. So
please don’t jump to exercise problems before you go through the Concept Booster and the objectives. Once you are confident
in the theory part, attempt the exercises. The exercise problems are arranged in a manner that they gradually require advanced
thinking.
I hope this book will help you to build your base, enjoy the subject and improve your confidence to tackle any type of
problem easily and skilfully.
My special thanks goes to Mr. M.P. Singh (IISc. Bangalore), Mr. Manoj Kumar (IIT, Delhi), Mr. Nazre Hussain (B. Tech.),
Dr. Syed Kashan Ali (MBBS) and Mr. Shahid Iqbal, who have helped, inspired and motivated me to accomplish this task. As
a matter of fact, teaching being the best learning process, I must thank all my students who inspired me most for writing this
book.
I would like to convey my affectionate thanks to my wife, who helped me immensely and my children who bore with
patience my neglect during the period I remained devoted to this book.
I also convey my sincere thanks to Mr Biswajit Das of McGraw Hill Education for publishing this book in such a beautiful
format.

viii Preface
I owe a special debt of gratitude to my father and elder brother, who taught me the first lessons of Mathematics and to all my
learned teachers— Mr. Swapan Halder, Mr. Jadunandan Mishra, Mr. Mahadev Roy and Mr. Dilip Bhattacharya, who instilled
the value of quality teaching in me.
I have tried my best to keep this book error-free. I shall be grateful to the readers for their constructive suggestions toward
the improvement of the book.
Rejaul Makshud
M. Sc. (Calcutta University, Kolkata)

Contents
Preface vii
Chapter 1 Straight Lines 1.1–1.74
Rectangular Cartesian Co-ordinates 1.1
Introduction 1.1
Co-ordinate Axes and Rectangular Axes 1.1
Cartesian Co-ordinates 1.1
Polar Co-ordinates 1.1
Relation between the Cartesian and Polar Co-ordinates 1.1
Distance between two Points (Cartesian Form) 1.2
Section Formulae 1.2
Area of a Triangle 1.4
Locus and its Equation 1.4
Geometrical Transformations 1.5
Rotation of Co-ordinate Axes 1.5
Straight Line 1.6
Introduction 1.6
Definitions 1.6
Angle of Inclination of a Line 1.6
Forms of a Straight Line 1.7
Reduction of General Equation into Standard Form 1.8
Position of Two Points with Respect to a Given Line 1.8
Equation of a Line Parallel to a Given Line 1.8
Equation of a Line Perpendicular to a Given Line 1.8
Distance from a Point to a Line 1.8
Point of Intersection of two Lines 1.9
Equation of Straight Lines Passing through a Given Point and Making a
Given Angle with a Given Line 1.10
A Line is Equally Inclined with Two Lines 1.10
Equation of Bisectors 1.10
Foot of the Perpendicular Drawn From the Point (x1, y1) to the Line ax + by + c = 0 1.10
Image of a Point (x1, y1) with Respect to a Line Mirror ax + by + c = 0 1.10
Reflection of Light 1.11
Exercises 1.12
Answers 1.28
Hints and Solutions 1.31

x Contents
Chapter 2 Pair of Straight Lines 2.1–2.20

Introduction 2.1
Homogeneous Equation 2.1
Pair of Straight Lines through the Origin 2.1
Angle Between the Lines Represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 2.2
Bisectors of Angles between the Lines Represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 2.2
General Equation of 2nd Degree is ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 2.2
Exercises 2.3
Answers 2.8
Hints And Solutions 2.9
Chapter 3 Circle 3.1–3.83
Introduction 3.1
Mathematical Definitions 3.1
Standard Equation of a Circle 3.2
General Equation of a Circle 3.2
Nature of the Circle 3.2
Concentric Circles 3.2
Concyclic Points 3.2
Parametric Equation of a Circle 3.2
Diametric form of a Circle 3.3
Equation of a Circle Passing through Three Non-collinear Points 3.3
Cyclic Quadrilateral 3.3
Condition for Concyclic Points 3.3
Intercepts Made on the Axes by a Circle 3.3
Different Forms of a Circle 3.3
Position of a Point with Respect to a Circle 3.4
Shortest and Largest Distance of a Circle from a Point 3.4
Intersection of a Line and a Circle 3.4
Length of Intercept Cut off from a Line by a Circle 3.5
Tangent and Secant 3.5
Director Circle 3.7
Normal 3.7
Chord of Contact 3.8
Chord Bisected at a Given Point 3.8
Diameter of a Circle 3.8
Pole and Polar 3.9
Common Chord of Two Circles 3.9
Intersection between Two Circles 3.9
Angle of Intersection of Two Circles 3.11
Radical Axis 3.11
Properties of the Radical Axis 3.11
Radical Centre 3.13
Family of Circles 3.13
Exercises 3.14
Answers 3.35
Chapter 4 Parabola 4.1–4.63
Introduction 4.1
Basic definitions 4.1
Conic Section 4.2
Recognition of Conics 4.2
Equation of Conic Section 4.2
Parabola 4.3

Contents xi

Standard Equation of a Parabola 4.3
Important Terms Related to Parabola 4.4
General Equation of a Parabola 4.5
Equation of a Parabola When the Vertex is (h, k) and Axis is Parallel to x-axis 4.5
Equation of a Parabola when the Vertex is (h, k) and Axis is Parallel to y-axis 4.5
Focal Chord 4.5
Position of a Point Relative to a Parabola 4.6
Intersection of a Line and a Parabola 4.6
Tangent 4.6
Normal 4.7
Diameter 4.8
Reflection Property of a Parabola 4.9
Exercises 4.9
Answers 4.21
Chapter 5 Ellipse 5.1–5.68
Introduction 5.1
Equation of an Ellipse 5.2
Properties of an Ellipse 5.2
Parametric Equation of an Ellipse 5.3
Important Properties Related to Chord and Focal Chord 5.4
Position of a Point with Respect to an Ellipse 5.5
Intersection of a Line and an Ellipse 5.6
The Length of the Chord Intercepted by the Ellipse on the Line y = mx + c. 5.6
Various Forms of Tangents 5.6
Director Circle 5.6
Pair of Tangents 5.6
Various Forms of Normals 5.7
Number of Normals are Drawn to an Ellipse From a Point to its Plane 5.7
Pole and Polar 5.8
Diameter 5.8
Conjugate Diameters 5.8
Reflection Property of an Ellipse 5.10
Exercises 5.10
Answers 5.24
Chapter 6 Hyperbola 6.1–6.59
Introduction 6.1
Standard Equation of a Hyperbola 6.2
x2 y 2
Definition and basic terminology of the hyperbola 2 - 2 = 1 6.2
a b
Position of a Point with Respect to a Hyperbola 6.5
Intersection of a Line and a Hyperbola 6.5
Different Forms of Tangents 6.6
Different Forms of Normals 6.7

xii Contents
Equation of the Chord Bisected at a Point 6.7

Pole and Polar 6.7
Diameter 6.8
Conjugate Diameters 6.8
Asymptotes 6.8
Rectangular Hyperbola 6.9
Rectangular Hyperbola xy = c2 6.9
Reflection Property of a Hyperbola 6.10
Exercises 6.10
Answers 6.23

C H A P T E R
1 Straight Lines
R ECTANGULAR C ARTESIAN C O - ORDINATES
CONCEPT BOOSTER 3. CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATES

This system of representing a point in 2-dimensions is called
1. INTRODUCTION cartesian system. We normally denote PN by x and PM by y.
Thus an ordered pair of two real numbers describes the carte-
A french mathematician and great philosopher Rane Descartes sian co-ordinates of P.
(1596–1665) introduced an idea to study geometry with the The reference lines XOX¢ and YOY¢ are respectively, called
help of algebra. x- and y-axis. These lines divide the plane into four equal
It is called co-ordinate Geometry or analytical geometry. parts and each part is called quadrant.
Here we use points, lines and curves by the different forms of
algebraic equations. 4. POLAR CO-ORDINATES
2. CO-ORDINATE AXES AND RECTANGULAR AXES Y
The position of a point in a plane with reference to two in- P

tersecting lines called the co-ordinate axes and their point of
intersection is called the origin. If these two axes cut at right
r
angles, they are called rectangular axes, else they are called
oblique axes. q
O M X
Y
II(Second) I(First)
(–, +) (+, +)
The position of a point in a plane can also be described by
other co-ordinate system, called polar co-ordinate system. In
X¢ X this case, we consider OX as initial line, O as origin. If P be
O
any point on the plane such that OP = r and –POX = q, then
(r, q) is called the polar co-ordinate of the point P, where
III (Third) IV (Fourth) r > 0 and 0 £ q < 2p.
(–, –) (+, –)
5. RELATION BETWEEN THE CARTESIAN
AND POLAR CO-ORDINATES
Let P be any point in the plane. Draw perpendiculars from
P parallel to reference lines X¢OX and YOY¢, respectively. Let P(x, y) be the cartesian co-ordinates with respect to OX
The lengths PN and PM are called the co-ordinates of the and OY and P(r, q) be the polars co-ordinates with respect to
point P. the pole O and the initial line OX.
CG_01.indd 1 2/6/2017 3:57:32 PM

1.2 Coordinate Geometry Booster
Y
(ii) an equilateral triangle, show that all sides are
P equal
(iii) a scalene triangle, show that all sides are un-
equal.
r (iv) a right-angled triangle, say DABC, show that AB2
q + BC2 = AC2
X
O M
2. When 4 points are given and in order to prove
(i) a square, show that all sides and diagonals are
equal.
(ii) a rhombus, show that all sides are equal but di-
Now from the figure, x = r cos q and y = r sin q agonals are not equal.
(iii) a rectangle, show that opposite sides and diago-
Ê yˆ
Thus, r = x 2 + y 2 and q = tan -1 Á ˜ . nals are equal.
Ë x¯
(iv) a parallelogram, show that opposite sides and
Therefore, (x, y) fi (r cos q, r sin q) diagonals are equal.
Ê Ê yˆˆ
and (r , q ) fi Á x 2 + y 2 , tan -1 Á ˜ ˜ .
Ë Ë x¯¯
7. SECTION FORMULAE
6. DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS (CARTESIAN FORM) (i) Internal Section formula
m n
Y Q(x2, y2) P(x1, y1) R(x, y) Q(x2, y2)
If a point R(x, y) divides a line segment joining the

points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) internally in the ratio
(x1, y1) m : n, then
P R mx + nx1 my2 + ny1
x= 2 ,y=
m+n m+n
O X
A(x1, O) B(x2, O) (ii) External section formula
m
The distance between any two points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) is n
P(x1, y1) Q(x2, y2) R(x, y)
PQ = ( x2 - x1 ) 2 + ( y2 - y1 ) 2
Note: If the three points P, Q, R are collinear, then points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) externally in the ratio
|PQ| ± |QR| = |PR|. m : n, then
mx - nx1 my2 - ny1
x= 2 ,y=
m-n m-n
Polar Form Y (iii) Tri-section formula
Let P(r1, q1) and Q(r2, q2) Q(r2, q2)
(x¢, y¢)
2 S 1
be any two points in polar r2
form and q be the angle be- q2 r 1 P(r1, q1) P 1 R 2 Q
tween then. q1 (x1, y1) (x, y) (x2, y2)
X¢ X
Then O Let the points P and Q be (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) respectively.
r 2 + r22 - PQ 2 Then the co-ordinates of the point R is
cos q = 1
2r1r2 Ê x2 + 2x1 y2 + 2y1 ˆ
Y¢
ÁË ,
fi PQ = r + r – 2r1r2 cosq
2 2 2 3 3 ˜¯
1 2
and the co-ordinates of the point S is
fi PQ = r12 + r22 - 2r1r2 cos q Ê 2x2 + x1 2y2 + y1 ˆ
ÁË , .
3 3 ˜¯
Notes:
(iv) Mid-point formula
1. When 3 points are given and in order to prove
(i) an isosceles triangle, show that any two sides are
points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) internally in the same
equal.
ratio, then
CG_01.indd 2 2/6/2017 3:57:34 PM

Straight Lines 1.3
(iv) If DABC is an equilateral triangle,

x +x y + y2
x= 1 2,y= 1 in-centre = centroid.
2 2 (v) Ex-centre: The point of intersection of the external bi-
(v) If the line joining the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is sectors of the angles of a triangle is called its ex-centre.
divided by the
y1
(a) x-axis,then its ratio is -
y2 B r
x1 I1
(b) y-axis , then its ratio is - . a r r
x2
a
(vi) If a line ax + by + c = 0 divides the line joining the C
A
points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) at R, then the ratio
The circle opposite to the vertex A is called the escribed
PR
= - ax1 + by1 + c . circle opposite A or the circle excribed to the side BC.
RQ ax2 + by2 + c If I1 is the point of intersection of internal bisector of
–BAC and external bisector of –ABC and –ACB, then
Ê - ax1 + bx2 + cx3 - ay1 + by2 + cy3 ˆ
Important Points of a Triangle I1 = Á ,
Ë -a + b + c - a + b + c ˜¯
(i) Centroid: The point of intersection of the medians of a
Ê ax - bx2 + cx3 ay1 - by2 + cy3 ˆ
triangle is called centroid. I2 = Á 1 ,
Ë a—b+c a — b + c ¯˜
A(x1, y1)
Ê ax + bx2 - cx3 ay1 + by2 - cy3 ˆ
and I3 = Á 1 ,
2 Ë a+b-c a + b - c ˜¯
F E
G respectively.
1 (vi) Circumcentre: The point of intersection of the per-
pendicular bisectors of a triangle is called its circum-
B(x2, y2) D C(x3, y3) centre.
If the vertices of DABC be A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, A
y3), the co-ordinates of its centroid is
Ê x1 + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 ˆ
ÁË , ˜¯ . F E
3 3 O
(ii) If (a1, b1), (a2, b2) and (a3, b3) be the mid-points of
the sides of a triangle, its centrod is also given as C
B D
Ê a1 + a2 + a3 b1 + b2 + b3 ˆ
ÁË , ˜¯ .
3 3 If the vertices of DABC be A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3,
(iii) Incentre: The point of intersection of an angle bisec- y3), then the co-ordinates of its circumcentre is
tors of a triangle is called its incentre. Ê x1sin 2A + x2 sin 2B + x3sin 2C
C(x3, y3)
ÁË sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C ,
E y1sin 2A + y2 sin 2B + y3sin 2C ˆ

sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C ˜¯
F
b 1 a
Notes:
1. If O(x, y) be the circumcentre of DABC, its co-ordi-
A(x1, y1) D c B(x2, y2) nates is determined by the relation
OA = OB = OC.
If the vertices of DABC be A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) 2. In case of a right-angled triangle, mid-point of the
and C(x3, y3), the co-ordinates of its incentre is hypotenuse is the circumcentre.
Ê ax1 + bx2 + cx3 ay1 + by2 + cy3 ˆ
ÁË a + b + c , a + b + c ˜¯ , (vii) Orthocentre: The point of intersection of the altitudes
of a triangle is called its orthocentre.
where a = BC, b = CA, c = AB.
CG_01.indd 3 2/6/2017 3:57:35 PM

A
x1 y1 1
1
or x2 y2 1
2
x3 y3 1
F E
O
1 x1 y1 1 x2 y2 1 x3 y3
or + +
2 x2 y2 2 x3 y3 2 x1 y1
B D C
Notes:
If the vertices of DABC be A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and 1. The area of a polygon, with verti-
C(x3, y3), the co-ordinates of its orthocentre is ces (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3), …, (xn, yn) is
Ê x1tan A + x2 tan B + x3 tan C
1 x1 y1 1 x2 y2 1 xn yn
ÁË tan A + tan B + tan C , + + + .
2 x2 y2 2 x3 y3 2 x1 y1
y1tan A + y2 tan B + y3 tan C ˆ
2. If the vertices of a triangle be A(r1, q1), B(r2q2) and
tan A + tan B + tan C ˜¯ (r3, q3), its area is
Notes: 1
1. In case of a right-angled triangle, orthocentre is the [r r sin (a1 – q2) + r2r3sin (q2 – q3) + r3r1sin (q3 – q1)]
2 12
right-angled vertex.
2. In an isosceles triangle, G, O, I and C lie on the same 3. If ai x + bi y + Ci = 0, i = 1, 2, 3 be the sides of a tri-
line and in an equilateral triangle, all these four points angle, its area is
2
coincide. a1 b1 c1
3. The orthocentre of DABC are (a, b), (b, a) and (a, a) 1
a2 b2 c2 ,
is (a, a). 2C1C2 C3
4. The orthocentre, the centroid and the circumcentre a3 b3 c3
are always collinear and centroid divides the line where C1, C2 and C3 are the cofactors of c1, c2 and c3
joining ortho-centre and the circumcentre in the ratio a1 b1 c1
2 : 1.
in the determinant a2 b2 c2 .
a3 b3 c3
4. If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) be the vertices of a
Orthocentre
Centroid triangle, its area is given by
Circumcentre 1 x1 - x3 x2 - x3
2 y1 - y3 y2 - y3
Euler line
5. If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) be three collinear,
5. In case of an obtuse-angled triangle, the circumcentre points then
and orthocentre both lie outside of the triangle. x1 - x3 x2 - x3
=0
y1 - y3 y2 - y3
8. AREA OF A TRIANGLE or
x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2) = 0
A(x1, y1)
C(x3, x3) 9. LOCUS AND ITS EQUATION

B(x2, y2) The locus of a moving point is the path of a point which satis-
X fies some geometrical conditions.
O M L N
If a point moves in a plane in such a way
that its distance from a fixed point is always d
the same. Then the locus of the movable point
P
If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) be the vertices of DABC, its is called a circle.
area is given by If a points moves in a plane in such a way
1 that its distances from two fixed points are always the same,
[ x1 ( y2 - y3 ) + x2 ( y3 - y1 ) + x3 (y1 - y2 )]. the locus of the point is a perpendicular bisector.
2
CG_01.indd 4 2/6/2017 3:57:36 PM

Straight Lines 1.5
C The coordinates of a point in a plane, when the origin is

E shifted from origin to a new point (h, k), the new axes remain
parallel to the original axes.
F
Y Y¢
G P(x¢, y¢)
P(x, y)
H
X¢
A B O¢ M¢
D k
h L X
O M
Equation of a Locus
If the co-ordinates of every point on the locus satisfy the Let O be the origin and, OX and OY the original axes.
equation as well as if the co-ordinates of any point satisfy the Let the origin O be shifted to a new point O¢, whose co-
equation, that point must lie on the locus. ordinates are (h, k). Through O¢ draw O¢X¢ and O¢Y¢ parallel
to OX and OY, respectively. O¢ is the new origin and, O¢X¢,
Rule to Find Out the Locus of a Moving Point and O¢Y¢ are the new axes.
(i) If x and y co-ordinates of the moving point are given in Let P be any point in this plane, whose co-ordinates ac-
terms of a third variable, say t, eliminating t between x cording to the original and new axes be (x, y) and (x¢, y¢)
and y and then get the required locus. respectively.
(ii) Sometimes the co-ordinates of the moving point is tak- Now we have to establish a relation between the new co-
en as (x, y). In this case, the relation in x and y can be ordinates and the original co-ordinates.
directly obtained by eliminating the variable. From P, draw a perpendicular PM to OX which intersects
(iii) If some geometrical conditions are given and we have O¢X¢ at M¢.
to find the locus, we take a variable point (a, b) and Again from O¢, draw a perpendicular O¢L to OX.
write the given conditions in terms of a and b. Elimi- Then OL = h, O¢L = k ;
nating the variables and the relation between a and b OM = x, PM = y;
is obtained. Finally replacing a by x and b by y the
O¢M¢ = x¢, PM¢ = y¢
required locus is obtained.
Thus, x = OM = OL + LM
10. GEOMETRICAL TRANSFORMATIONS = OL + O¢M
When talking about geometric transformations, we have to = h + x¢ = x¢ + h
be very careful about the object being transformed. We have and y = PM = PM¢ + M¢M
two alternatives, either the geometric objects are transformed = PM¢ + M¢M
or the co-ordinate system is transformed. These two are very
= y¢ + k
closely related, but the formulae that carry out the job are dif-
ferent. We only discuss transforming geometric objects here. Hence, we obtained the relation between the new and the
We shall start with the traditional Euclidean transforma- original co-ordinates as
tions that do not change length and angle measures. Ï x = x¢ + h Ï x¢ = x - h
Ì and Ì
Ó y = y¢ + k Ó y¢ = y - k
Euclidean Transformations
The Euclidean transformations are the most commonly used
transformations. An Euclidean transformation is either a 11. ROTATION OF CO-ORDINATE AXES
translation, a rotation, or a reflection. We shall discuss trans- Y
lations and rotations only. Y¢
(i) If the origin be shifted to a new point, say (h, k) and X¢
the new axes remain parallel to the original axes, the R(0, y) P(x, y)
transformation is called translation of axes. P¢(x, y¢)
(ii) If the axes are rotated through an angle q and the origin Q¢(x¢, 0)
remain fixed, the transformation is called rotation of
q
axes. R¢
X
(iii) If the origin be shifted to a new point, say (h, k) and the Q(x, 0)
axes also be rotated through an angle q, the transforma-
tion is termed as translation and rotation of axes.
CG_01.indd 5 2/6/2017 3:57:37 PM

Let OX and OY be the original axes and OX¢ and OY¢ be the Then x = x ¢cos q – y ¢sin q
…(i)
new axes obtained after rotating OX and OY through an angle y = x ¢sin q – y ¢cos q
q in the anti-clockwise direction. Let P be any point in the and x ¢ = x cos q – y sin q
plane having co-ordinates (x, y) with respect to axes OX and …(ii)
y ¢ = x sin q – y cos q
OY and (x¢, y¢) with respect to axes OX¢ and OY¢.
S TRAIGHT L INE
1. INTRODUCTION The angle of inclination of the
line lies in between 0° and 180°.
The notion of a line or a straight line was introduced by ancient
mathematicians to represent straight objects with negligible Slope or Gradient of q
width and depth. Lines are an idealisation of such objects. a Lines
Euclid described a line as ‘breadthless length’, and in-
If the inclination of a line be q,
troduced several postulates as basic unprovable properties
then tan q where 0 < q <180° and
from which he constructed the geometry, which is now called
p
Euclidean geometry to avoid confusion with other geometries q π is called the slope or gradient of the line. It is usually
which have been introduced since the end of nineteenth cen- 2
tury (such as non-Euclidean geometry, projective geometry, denoted by m.
and affine geometry, etc.). (i) If a line is parallel to x-axis, its slope is zero.
A line segment is a part of a line that is bounded by two (ii) If a line is perpendicular to x-axis, the slope is not de-
distinct end-points and contains every point on the line be- fined.
tween its end-points. Depending on how the line segment is (iii) If a line is equally inclined with the axes, the slope is
defined, either of the two end-points may or may not be a part ±1.
of the line segment. Two or more line segments may have (iv) If P(x1, y1) and Y
Q(x2, y2)
some of the same relation as lines, such as being parallel, in- Q(x2,y2) are two
tersecting, or skew. points on a line L, the
slope of the line L is P(x1, y1) q
2. DEFINITIONS equal to
y - y1 X¢ X
Definition 1 m= 2 . O M N
It is the locus of a point which moves in a plane in a constant x2 - x1
direction. Y C
(v) If three points A, B, C are
Definition 2 B
collinear, then A
Every first-degree equation in x and y represents a straight
line. m(AB) = m(BC) X
O
Definition 3 = m(CA).
A straight line is also defined as the curve such that the line
segment joining any two points on it lies wholly on it. (vi) If two lines, having slopes m1 and m2 and the angle be-
Definition 4 tween them be q, then
In 3D geometry, the point of intersection of two planes be a m - m2
tan q = 1 .
line. 1 + m1m2
Notes: (vii) If two lines, having slopes m1 and m2, are parallel, then
1. The equation of a straight line is the relation between m 1 = m2
x and y, which is satisfied by the co-ordinates of each (viii) If two lines, having slopes m1 and m2, are perpendicu-
and every point on the line. lar, then m1m2 = –1
2. A straight line consists of only two arbitrary constants. (ix) If m is a slope of a line, the slope of a line perpendicular
-1
to it is .
m
3. ANGLE OF INCLINATION OF A LINE (x) The equation of x-axis is y = 0.
The angle of inclination of a line is the measure of the angle (xi) The equation of y-axis is x = 0.
between the x-axis and the line measured in the anti-clock- (xii) The equation of a line parallel to x-axis is y = constant
wise direction. = b (say)
CG_01.indd 6 2/6/2017 3:57:37 PM

Straight Lines 1.7
(xiii) The equation of a line parallel to y-axis is x = constant The equation of a line passing through (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is
= a (say). Ê y - y2 ˆ
y - y1 = Á 2 ¥ ( x - x1 )
Ë x2 - x1 ˜¯
4. FORMS OF A STRAIGHT LINE
or
(i) Slope-intercept Y Ê y - y2 ˆ
y - y2 = Á 2 ¥ ( x - x2 )
Form P(x, y) Ë x2 - x1 ˜¯
The equation of a
x y 1
straight line whose Q q
slope is m and cuts an or x1 y1 1 = 0
q c}
intercept c on the y-axis X x2 y2 1
R O M
is
y = mx + c. x - x1 y - y1
or =0
x1 - x2 y1 - y2
Notes:
1. The general equation of a straight line is
(iv) Intercept Form
y = mx + c.
2. The equation of non-vertical lines in a plane is Y
y = mx + c B(0, b)
3. The general equation of any line passing through the
origin is
y = mx.
X
O A(a, 0)
(ii) Point-Slope Form
Y The equation of a straight line which cuts off intercepts a and
, y) b on x- and y-axes, respectively is
P(x
x y
+ = 1.
y 1) a b
1,
Q(x q
Notes:
1. The intercepts a and b may be positive or negative.
X 2. The intercept cut on negative side of x and y axes are
O L M
taken as negative.
Y
(v) Normal Form
The equation of a line passing through the point (x1, y1) and
The equation of a straight B(0, b)
having slope m is
line upon which the length
y – y1 = m(x – x1).
of a perpendicular from the P(x, y)
origin is p and this normal
Note: The equation y – y1 = m(x – x1) is also known as one- p
makes an angle a with the
point form of a line. X¢ X
positive direction of x-axis is O A(a, 0)
x cos a + y sin a = p.
(iii) Two Point Form Y¢
P(x, y)
Note: Here, p is always taken is positive and a is measured
Y y 2) from the positive direction of x-axis in anti-clockwise di-
x 2, rection such that 0 £ a < 2p.
R(
, y 1)
Q(x 1
(vi) Distance Form or Parametric Form or
O L N M
X Symmetric Form
The equation of a line passing through the point (x1, y1) and
making angle q with the positive direction of x-axis is
CG_01.indd 7 2/6/2017 3:57:39 PM

x - x1 y - y1 Ê -A ˆ Ê -B ˆ C
= =r, fi x- y=
cos q sin q Á 2 2˜ Á 2 2˜
Ë A +B ¯ Ë A +B ¯ ( A + B2 )
2
where r is the distance of the point (x, y) from the point which is the normal form of the line Ax + By + C = 0.
(x1, y1).
Y y)
P(
x, 6. POSITION OF TWO POINTS WITH RESPECT
TO A GIVEN LINE
y 1) q
x 1,
Q( The points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) lie on the same or on
the opposite sides of the line ax + by + c = 0 according as
ax1 + by1 + c
O
X > 0 or < 0.
ax2 + by2 + c
Y
Q
Notes: P
1. If Q(x1, y1) be a point on a line AB which makes an P
Q
angle q with the positive direction of x-axis, there P Q
will be two points on the line AB at a distance r from
Q(x1, y1) and their co-ordinates will be (x1 ± r cosq, y1
X
± r sinq). O
2. If a point, say P, lies above Q(x1, y1) on the line AB,
we consider r is positive.
Thus, the co-ordinates of P will be Notes:
(x1 + r cosq, y1 + r sinq). 1. The side of the line, where origin lies, is known as
3. If a point, say R, lies below Q(x1, y1) on the line AB, origin side.
we consider r is negative. 2. A point (a, b) will lie on the origin side of the line
Thus, the co-ordinates of R will be ax + by + c = 0, if ab + bb + c and c have the same
(x1 – r cosq, y1 – r sinq). sign.
3. A point (a, b) will lie on the non-origin side of the
line ax + by + c = 0, if aa + bb + c and c have the
5. REDUCTION OF GENERAL EQUATION INTO opposite signs.
STANDARD FORM
Let Ax + By + C = 0 be the general equation of a straight line, 7. EQUATION OF A LINE PARALLEL TO A GIVEN LINE
where A2 + B2 π 0.
(i) Reduction into slope-intercept form The equation of any line parallel to a given line
The given equation is Ax + By + C = 0. ax + by + c = 0 is ax + by + k = 0
fi By = –Ax – C
Note: The equation of a line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 and
Ê Aˆ Ê Cˆ
fi y = -Á ˜ x - Á ˜ passing through (x1, y1) is
Ë B¯ Ë B¯
a(x – x1) + b(y – y1) = 0
which is in the form of y = mx + c.
(ii) Reduction into intercept form
The given equation is Ax + By + C = 0. 8. EQUATION OF A LINE PERPENDICULAR TO A GIVEN LINE
fi Ax + By = –C
Ax By The equation of a line perpendicular to a given line
fi + =1 ax + by + c = 0 is bx – ay + k = 0.
-C -C
x y Note: The equation of a line perpendicular to ax + by + c =
fi + =1
Ê C ˆ Ê Cˆ 0 and passing through (x1, y1) is
ÁË - ˜ Á - ˜
A¯ Ë B ¯ b(x – x1) – a(y – y1) = 0.
x y
which is in the form of + = 1 .
a b
(iii) Reduction into normal form 9. DISTANCE FROM A POINT TO A LINE
The given equation is Ax + By + C = 0. The length of the perpendicular from a point (x1, y1) to the
fi –Ax – By = C line ax + by + c = 0 is given by
CG_01.indd 8 2/6/2017 3:57:39 PM

Straight Lines 1.9
Y P(x
ax1 + by1 + c 1,
D C
. y1 )
a +b2 2 b)
, –c/ p1
B(0
Area of DPAB q
M A
1 M
B
= ¥ AB ¥ PM X q
2 O A(–c/a, 0)
p2
We know that F
x1 y1 1 The distance between two parallel sides a1x + b1 y + c1 = 0,
1 c a1x + b1 y + d1 = 0 is given by
D= - 0 1
2 a (c - d )
p1 = 1 1
c a12 + b12
0 - 1
b The distance between two parallel sides a2x + b2 y + c2 = 0,
1 Ê cx cÊ cˆˆ a2x + b2 y + d2 = 0 is given by
= Á 1 + Á y1 + ˜ ˜
2Ë b aË b¯¯ (c - d 2 )
p2 = 2 .
1 Ê cx1 cy1 c 2 ˆ a22 + b22
= + + ˜
2 ÁË b a ab ¯ b1 b2
-
c a1 a2 a b -ab
= (ax1 + by1 + c) Now, tan q = = 2 1 1 2
2ab b1 b2 a1a2 + b1b2
1+ ◊
Also, PM = a 2 + b 2 a1 a2
1 c a1b2 - a2 b1
Thus, ¥ PM ¥ AB = (ax1 + by1 + c) fi sin q =
2 2ab a1 + b12 a22 + b22
2
1 c2 c2 c p ¥ p2
fi ¥ PM ¥ + = (ax1 + by1 + c) Thus, the area of a parallelogram = 1
2 a 2 b 2 2ab sin q
c c (c1 - d1 )(c2 - d 2 )
fi PM ¥ a 2 + b2 = (ax1 + by1 + c) =
2ab 2ab (a1b2 - a2 b1 )
fi PM =
(ax1 + by1 + c ) . . Rule 4. If p1 = p2, the parallelogram becomes a rhombus
and its area is given by
a 2 + b2 (c1 - d1 ) 2
.
Rule 1. The length of the perpendicular from the origin to Ê a12 + b12 ˆ
|(a1b2 - a2 b1 )| Á 2 ˜
the line ax + by + c = 0 is Ë a2 + a22 ¯
c Rule 5. The area of a parallelogram whose sides are y = mx
.
a +b2 2 + a, y = mx + b, y = nx + c and y = nx + d is given by
(a - b)(c - d )
Rule 2. The distance between two parallel lines ax + by + .
c1 = 0 and ax + by + c2 = 0 is given by ( m - n)
c1 - c2
. 10. POINT OF INTERSECTION OF TWO LINES
a 2 + b2
Let a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 be two lines.
P ax + by + c1 = 0 (i) Simply solve the given equations and get the point of
intersection P.
(ii) Concurrent lines: If three or more lines meet at a
point, we say that these lines are concurrent lines and
Q ax + by + c2 = 0
the meeting point is known as point of concurrency.
Rule 3. The area of a parallelogram whose sides are a1x + The three lines a1x + b1 y + c1 = 0, i = 1, 2, 3 are said
b1 y + c1 = 0, a1x + b1 y + d1 = 0, a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 and a2x + to be concurrent if
b2 y + d2 = 0 is given by a1 b1 c1
p1 ¥ p2 (c1 - d1 )(c2 - d 2 ) a2 b2 c2 = 0
= .
sin q (a1b2 - a2 b1 ) a3 b3 c3
CG_01.indd 9 2/6/2017 3:57:40 PM

(iii) Family of lines: Any line passing through the point of

Y C
intersection of the lines L1: a1x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and L2:
B
a2x + b2 y + c2 = 0 can be defined as
N
P
(a1x + b1 y + c1) + l(a2x + b2 y + c2) = 0, where l Œ R.
M
A D
X
O
Notes:
L2 = 0 L1 = 0 1. When we shall find the equation of bisectors, first we
make c1 and c2 positive.
11. EQUATION OF STRAIGHT LINES PASSING THROUGH A 2. Two bisectors are perpendicular to each other.
3. The positive bisector, the equation of the bisector
GIVEN POINT AND MAKING A GIVEN ANGLE WITH A contains the origin.
GIVEN LINE 4. The negative bisector, the equation of the bisector
The equation of the straight lines which pass through a given does not contain the origin.
point (x1, y1) and make an angle a with the given straight line 5. If a1a2 + b1b2 > 0, then the negative bisector is the
y = mx + c are acute-angle bisector and the positive bisector is the
y – y1 = tan (q ± a)(x – x1), obtuse-angle bisector.
6. If a1a2 + b1b2 < 0, then the positive bisector is the
where m = tan q. acute-angle bisector and the negative bisector is the
Y obtuse-angle bisector.
F D 7. If a1a2 + b1b2 > 0, the origin lies in obtuse angle and
P(x1, y1) if a1a2 + b1b2 < 0, the origin lies in acute angle.
180° – q B
8. The equation of the bisector of the angle between the
a q two lines containing the point (a, b) will be positive
a R bisector according as (a1a + b1b + c1) and (a2a + b2b
q E + c2) are of the same sign and will be negative bisec-
q Q tor if (a1a + b1b + c1) and (a2a + b2b + c2) are of the
X
A
O
C
opposite signs.
12. A LINE IS EQUALLY INCLINED WITH TWO LINES 14. FOOT OF THE PERPENDICULAR DRAWN FROM THE
L2 POINT (x1, y1) TO THE LINE ax + by + c = 0
L P(x1, y1)
L1
q
q
O A M ax + by + c = 0 B
If two lines y = m1x + c1 and y = m2x + c2 be equally inclined The foot of the perpendicular from the point (x1, y1) to the line
to a line y = mx + c, then ax+ by + c = 0 is given by
x2 - x1 y2 - y1 (ax + by + c)
Ê m1 - m ˆ Ê m2 - m ˆ = = - 1 2 12 .
ÁË 1 + mm ˜¯ = - ÁË 1 + mm ˜¯ . a b (a + b )
1 2
15. IMAGE OF A POINT (x1, y1) WITH RESPECT TO A LINE

13. EQUATION OF BISECTORS
MIRROR ax + by + c = 0
The equation of the bisectors of the angles between the
The image of a point (x1, y1) with respect to a line mirror
lines a1x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2 y + c2 = 0 is given by
ax + by + c = 0 is given by
Ê a1 x + b1 y + c1 ˆ Ê a x + b2 y + c2 ˆ x2 - x1 y2 - y1 Ê ax + by + c ˆ
=± 2 . = = - 2 Á 1 2 12 ˜
Á ˜ Á ˜
Ë a12 + b12 ¯ Ë a22 + b22 ¯ a b Ë a +b ¯
CG_01.indd 10 2/6/2017 3:57:42 PM

Straight Lines 1.11
P(x1, y1) Y
Rule 6 The image of a point P
y=x
P(a, b) with respect to the line M
y = x is Q(b, a).
Q
A M ax + by + c = 0 B X¢ O X
Note: The image of a line
ax + by + c = 0 about the
line y = x is ay + bx + c = 0.
Y¢
Q(x2, y2)
Y Rule 7 The image of a point P(a, b) with respect to the line y
Rule 1 The image of a point P = mx, where m = tan q, is given by
P(a, b) with respect to x-axis
is given by Q(a, – b). Q(a cos 2q + b sin 2q, a sin 2q – b cos 2q).
X¢ X Y
O
Note: The image of the line
P
ax + by + c = 0 about x-axis
M
is given by ax – by + c = 0. Q
Y¢ q Q
X¢ x
Y O
Rule 2 The image of a point
mx
P(a, b) with respect to y-axis Q P y=
is given by Q(–a, b).
X¢ X Y¢
Note: The image of the line O
ax + by + c = 0 about y-axis Note: The image of a line ax + by + c = 0 with respect to the
is given by –ax + by + c = 0. line y = mx, where m = tan q, is given by
Y¢
a(a cos 2q + b sin 2q) + b(a sin 2q – b cos 2q) + c = 0.
Rule 3 The image of a point Y
P(a, b) with respect to the P
origin is given by Q(–a, –b). 16. REFLECTION OF LIGHT
Note: The image of the X¢ O X When you play billiards, you will notice that when a ball
line ax + by + c = 0 with bounces from a surface, the angle of rebound is equal to the
respect to origin is given angle of incidence. This observation is also true with light.
Q
by –ax – by + c = 0. When an incident light ray strikes a smooth surface (like a
Y¢
plane mirror) at an angle, the angle formed by the incident
Rule 4 The image of a point
ray measured from the normal is equal to the angle formed
P(a, b) with respect to the
Y by the reflected ray.
line x = a is given by Q(2a
M
– a, b). P Q
Law of Reflection
Note: The image of the X¢ X The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. The
line ax + by + c = 0 with reflected and incident rays lie in a plane that is normal to the
respect to the line x = l is x=a reflecting surface.
given by a(2l – x) + by +
c = 0. Y¢
Angle of Angle of
Y incidence equals reflection
Rule 5 The image of a point P
P(a, b) with respect to the line
M
y = b is given by Q(a, 2b – b). y=b
Q Incident ray Reflected ray
Note: The image of the X¢ X
O
line ax + by + c = 0 about
the line y = m is ax + b(2m
Plane mirror
– y) + c = 0. Y¢
CG_01.indd 11 2/6/2017 3:57:45 PM

E XERCISES
LEVEL I 22 The vertices of a DABC are A(0, 0), B(0, 2) and C(2, 0).
Find the distance between the circum-centre and ortho-
(Problems based on Fundamentals) centre.
ABC OF COORDINATES
AREA OF A TRIANGLE
1. Find the polar co-ordinates of the points whose carte-
sian co-ordinates are (3, –4) and (–3, 4). 23. Find the area of a triangle whose vertices are (3, –4),
2. Transform the equation r2 = a2 into cartesian form. (7, 5) (–1, 10).
3. Transform the equation r = 2a cos q into cartesian form. 24. Find the area of a triangle whose vertices are (t, t + 2),
(t + 3, t) and (t + 2, t + 2).
x2 y 2
4. Transform the equation 2 + 2 = 1 into polar form. 25. If A( x, y), B(1, 2) and C( 2, 1) be the vertices of a
a b triangle of area 6 sq.u., prove that x + y +9 = 0.
5. Transform the equation 2x2 + 3xy + 2y2 = 1 into polar 26. Find the area of a quadrilateral whose vertices are
form. (1, 1), (7, –3), (12, 2) and (7, 21).
27. Find the area of a pentagon whose vertices are (4, 3),
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS
(–5, 6) (0, 07) (3, –6) and (–7, –2).
6. Find the distance between the points (a cos a, a sina) 28. Prove that the points (a, b + c), (b, c + a) and (c, a + b)
and (a cos b, a sinb), where a > 0. are collinear.
7. Find the distance between the points 29. Let the co-ordinates of A, B, C and D are (6, 3), (–3, 5),
Ê pˆ Ê 5p ˆ DDBC 1
ÁË 3, ˜¯ and ÁË 7, ˜. (4, –2) and (x, 3x), respectively and = , find x.
4 4¯ DABC 2
8. If the point (x, y) be equidistant from the points (6, –1) 30. Find the area of a triangle formed by the lines
and (2, 3) such that Ax + By + C = 0, find the value of 7x – 2y + 10 = 0, 7x + 2y – 10 = 0 and 9x + y + 2 = 0.
A + B + C + 10.
9. The vertices of a triangle ABC are A(–2, 3), B( 2, –1) LOCUS OF A POINT
and C( 4, 0). Find cos A.
31. If the co-ordinates of a variable point P be (a cos q,
10. Prove that the points (–4, –1), (–2, –4), (4, 0) and (2, 3)
a sinq), where q is a parameter, find the locus of P.
are the vertices of a rectangle.
32. If the co-ordinates of a variable point P be (at2, 2at),
11 Two vertices of an equilateral triangle are (3, 4) and
find the locus of P.
(–2, 3). Find the co-ordinates of the third vertex.
33. Find the locus of a movable point P, where its distance
from the origin is 3 time its distance from y-axis.
SECTION FORMULAE
34. If a point moves in a plane in such a way that its dis-
12. Find the point, which divides the line joining the points tance from the point (a, 0) to its distance is equal to its
(2, 3) and (5, –3) in the ratio 1 : 2. distance from y-axis.
13. In what ratio does y-axis divide the line segment join- Ê 1 1ˆ
35. If the co-ordinates of a variable point P be Á t + , t - ˜ ,
ing A(–3, 5) and B(7, 2). Ë t t¯
14. Find the ratio in which the join of the points (1, 2) and where t is a parameter, find the locus of P.
(–2, 3) is divided by the line 3x + 4y = 7. 36. Find the locus of a movable point P, for which the sum
15. Find the co-ordinates of the points which trisect the of its distance from (0, 3) and (0, –3) is 8.
line segment joining (1, –2) and (–3, 4). 37. A stick of length l slides with its ends on two mutually
16. The co-ordinates of the mid-points of the sides of a tri- perpendicular lines. Find the locus of the mid-point of
angle are (1, 1), (3, 2) and (4, 1). Find the co-ordinates the stick.
of its vertices. 38. If O be the origin and A be a point on the line y2 = 8x.
17. The co-ordinates of three consecutive vertices of a paral- Find the locus of the mid-point of OA.
lelogram are (1, 3), (–1, 2) and (2, 5). Find its fourth vertex. 39. If P be the mid-point of the straight line joining the
18. Find the centroid of DABC, whose vertices are A(2, 4), points A(1, 2) and Q where Q is a variable point on the
B(6, 4), C(2, 0). curve x2 + y2 + x + y = 0. Find the locus of P.
19. Two vertices of a triangle are (–1, 4) and (5, 2). If its 40. A circle has the centre (2, 2) and always touches x and
centroid is (0, –3), find its third vertex. y axes. If it always touches a line AB (where A and B lie
20. Find the in-centre of DABC, whose vertices are A(1, 2), on positive x and y axes), find the locus of the circum-
B(2, 3) and C(3, 4). centre of the DOAB, where O is the origin.
21. If a triangle has its orthocentre at (1, 1) and circum- 41. Find the locus of a movable point P, for which the dif-
centre at (3/2, 3/4), find its centroid. ference of its distances from (2, 0) and (–2, 0) is 6.
CG_01.indd 12 2/6/2017 3:57:45 PM

Straight Lines 1.13
42. If A(1, 1) and B(–2, 3) are two fixed points, find the 3. Prove that the line joining the points (2,–3) and (–5, 1)
locus of a point P so that the area of DPAB is 9 sq.u. is parallel to the line joining (7,–1) and (0,3).
43. Find the locus of a point whose co-ordinates are given 4. Prove that the points (a, b + c), (b, c + a) and (c, a + b)
by x = t2 + t, y = 2t + 1, where t is parameter. are collinear.
x y 5. Find the angle between the lines joining the points
44. If a variable line + = 1 intersects the axes at A and
a b (0, 0), (2, 2) and (2, –2) (3, 5).
B, respectively such that a2 + b2 = 4 and O be the origin, 6. If the angle between two lines is 45° and the slope of
find the locus of the circumcentre of DOAB. one of them is 1/2, find the slope of the other line.
45. A variable line cuts the x and y axes at A and B respec- 7. Find the equation of a line passing through the point
tively where OA = a, OB = b (O the origin) such that (2, –3) and is parallel to x-axis.
a2 + b2 = 27, find the locus of the centroid of DOAB. 8. Find the equation of a line passing through the point
TRANSFORMATION OF COORDINATES (3, 4) and is perpendicular to y-axis.
9. Find the equation of a line which is equidistant from
46. Find the equation of the curve 2x2 + y2 – 3x + 5y – 8 =
the lines x = 6 and x = 10.
0, when the origin is shifted to the point (–1, 2) without
changing the direction of the axes. VARIOUS FORMS OF A STRAIGHT LINE
47. The equation of a curve referred to the new axes retain-
ing their directions and origin is (4, 5) is x2 + y2 = 36. 10. Find the equation of a straight line which cuts off an
Find the equation referred to the original axes. intercept of 7 units on y-axis and has the slope 3.
48. At what point, the origin be shifted if the co-ordinates 11. Find the equation of a straight line which makes an
of a point (–1, 8) become (–7, 3) ? angle of 135° with the positive direction of x-axis and
49. If the axes are turned through 45°, find the transformed cuts an intercept of 5 units on the positive direction of
form of the equation 3x2 + 3y2 + 2xy = 2. y-axis.
50. Transform to parallel axes through the point (1, –2), the 12. Find the equation of a straight line which makes an
equation y2 – 4x + 4y + 8 = 0. Ê 3ˆ
angle of tan -1 Á ˜ with the positive direction of x-axis
51. If a point P(1, 2) is translated itself 2 units along the Ë 5¯
positive direction of x-axis and then it is rotated about and cuts an intercept of 6 units in the negative direction
the origin in anti-clockwise sense through an angle of of y-axis.
90°, find the new position of P. 13. Find the equation of a straight line which cuts off an
p
52. If the axes are rotated through , the equation intercept of 4 units from y-axis and are equally inclined
x2 + y2 = a2 is transformed to lxy +4 a2 = 0, find the with the axes.
value of l = 10. 14. Find the equations of bisectors of the angle between the
p
53. Transform to axes inclined at to the original axes, co-ordinate axes.
3 15. Find the equation of a line passing though the point
the equation x 2 + 2 3 y - y 2 = 2a 2 . (2, 3) and making an angle of 120° with the positive
54. What does the equation 2x2 +2xy + 3y2 – 18x – 22y + direction of x-axis.
50 = 0 become when referred to new rectangular axes 16. Find the equation of the right bisectors of the line join-
p
through the point (2, 3), the new set making with ing the points (1, 2) and (5, 7).
the old? 4 17. Find the equation of a line which passes through the
55. If a point P(2, 3) is rotated through an angle of 90° point (1, 2) and makes an angle q with the positive
about the origin in anti-clockwise sense, say at Q, find 3
direction of x-axis, where cos q = - .
the co-ordinates of Q. 5
56 If a point P(3, 4) is rotated through an angle of 60° 18. A line passes through the point A(2, 0) which makes an
about the point Q(2, 0) in anti-clockwise sense, say at angle of 30° with the positive direction of x-axis and is
R, find the co-ordinates of R. rotated about A in clockwise direction through an angle
of 15°. Find the equation of the straight line in the new
STRAIGHT LINE position.
19. Find the equation of a line passing through the points
LEVEL I (1, 2) and ( 3, 4).

20. The vertices of a triangle are A(10, 4), B(–4, 9) and
(Problems Based on Fundamentals) C(–2, –1). Find the equation of its altitude through A.
21. The vertices of a triangle are A(1, 2), B(2, 3) and
ABC OF STRAIGHT LINE
C(5, 4). Find the equation of its median through A.
1. Find the slope of the line PQ, where P(2, 4) and Q(3, 10). 22. Find the equation of the internal bisector of –BAC
2. Find the value of l, if 2 is slope of the line through (2, 5) of the DABC, whose vertices are A(5, 2), B(2, 3) and
and (l, 7). C(6, 5).
CG_01.indd 13 2/6/2017 3:57:45 PM

23. A square is inscribed in a DABC, whose co-ordinates 2

are A(0, 0), B(2, 1) and C(3, 0). If two of its vertices lie section with the line x + y = 4 may be at a distance
3
on the side AC, find the vertices of the square. from the point (1, 2).
24. The line joining the points A(2, 0) and B(3, 1) is rotated 42. The centre of a square is at the origin and one vertex is
about A in the anti-clockwise direction through an angle P(2, 1). Find the co-ordinates of other vertices of the
of 15°. Find the equation of a line in the new position. square.
25. Find the equation of a line which passes through the 43. The extremities of a diagonal of a square are (1, 1) and
point (3, 4) and makes equal intercepts on the axes. (–2, –1). Find the other two vertices.
26. Find the equation of a line which passes through the 3p
44. A line through (2, 3) makes an angle with the
point (2, 3) and whose x-intercept is twice of y-intercept. 4
27. Find the equation of a line passes through the point negative direction of x-axis. Find the length of the line
(2, 3) so that the segment of the line intercepted be- segment cut off between (2, 3) and the line x + y = 7.
tween the axes is bisected at this point. 45. If the straight line drawn through the point P( 3, 2)
28. Find the equation of a line passing though the point p
and making an angle of with the x-axis meets the
(3, –4) and cutting off intercepts equal but of opposite 6
signs from the two axes. line 3 x - 4y + 8 = 0 at Q. Find the length of PQ.
29. Find the equation of a line passing through the point 46. Find the distance of the point (2, 3) from the line
(3, 2) and cuts off intercepts a and b on x- and y-axes 2x – 3y + 9 = 0 measured along the line 2x – 2y + 5 = 0.
such that a – b = 2. 47. Find the distance of the point (3, 5) from the line
30. Find the area of a triangle formed by lines x y = 0 and 2x + 3y = 14 measured parallel to the line x – 2y = 1
2x + 3y = 6. 48. Find the distance of the point (2, 5) from the line 3x + y
31. Find the equation of a straight line passing through the + 4 = 0 measured parallel to the line 3x – 4y + 8 = 0.
point (3, 4) so that the segment of the line intercepted 49. A line is drawn through A(4, –1) parallel to the line
between the axes is divided by the point in the ratio 2 : 3. 3x – 4y + 1 = 0. Find the co-ordinates of the two points
32. Find the equation of the straight line which passes on this line which are at a distance of 5 units from A.
through the origin and trisect the intercept of the line
REDUCTION OF A STRAIGHT LINE
3x + 4y = 12.
33. Find the area of a triangle formed by the lines xy – x – y 50. Reduce x + 3 y + 4 = 0 into the
+ 1 = 0 and 3x + 4y = 12. (i) slope intercept form and also find its slope and
34. A straight line cuts off intercepts from the axes of co- y-intercept.
ordinates, the sum of the reciprocals of which is a con- (ii) intercept form and also find the lengths of x and y
stant. Show that it always passes through a fixed point. intercepts.
35. The length of the perpendicular from the origin to a line (iii) normal form and also find the values of p and a.
is 5 and the line makes angle of 60° with the positive
direction of y-axis. Find the equation of the line. PARALLEL/PERPENDICULAR FORM OF A STRAIGHT LINE
36. Find the equation of the straight line upon which the 51. Find the location of the points (2, 2) and (3, 5) with
length of the perpendicular from the origin is 2 and the respect to the line
slope of the perpendicular is 5/12. (i) 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 (ii) 3x – 2y + 2 = 0
(iii) x + y – 7 = 0
DISTANCE FORM OF A STRAIGHT LINE 52. Determine whether the point (2, –7) lies on the origin
37. A line passing through the point (3, 2) and making an side of the line 2x + y + 2 = 0 or not.
angle q with the positive direction of x-axis such that 53. Write the parallel line to each of the following lines.
tan q = 3/4. Find the co-ordinates of the point on the (i) 3x – 4y + 10 = 0 (ii) 2x + 5y + 10 = 0
line that are 5 units away from the given point. (iii) –x + y – 2012 = 0 (iv) y = x
38. Find the co-ordinates of the points at a distance 4 2 (v) x = 5 (vi) y = 2013
units from the point (–2, 3) in the direction making an 54. Find the equation of a line parallel to 3x + 4y + 5 = 0
angle of 45° with the positive direction of x-axis. and passes through (2, 3).
55. Find the equation of a line parallel to 3x – 4y + 6 = 0
39. A point P(3, 4) moves in a plane in the direction of
Ÿ Ÿ and passing through the mid-point of of the line joining
i + j . Find the new position of P. the points (2, 3) and (4, –1).
40. A line joining two points A(2, 0) and B(3, 1) is rotated 56. Find the equation of a line passing through (2, 1) and
about A in anti-clockwise direction through an angle of parallel to the line joining the points (2, 3) and (3, –1).
15°. Find the new position of B. 57. Write the perpendicular line to each of the following
41. Find the direction in which a straight line must be lines.
drawn through the point (1, 2) so that its point of inter- (i) 5x – 3y + 2010 = 0 (ii) 3x + 5y + 2011 = 0
CG_01.indd 14 2/6/2017 3:57:46 PM

Straight Lines 1.15
(iii) –x + y – 2012 = 0 (iv) y = 2011x 78. If 4a2 + 9b2 – c2 + 12ab = 0, the family of the straight
(v) x = 2014 (vi) y = 2013 lines ax + by + c = 0 is either concurrent at (m, n) or
58. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 2x + 3y – ( p, q). Find the value of m + n + p + q + 10.
2012 = 0 and passing through (3, 4). 79. The family of lines x(a + 2b) + y(a – 3b) = a – b passes
59. Find the equation of a line perpendicular to 2x – 3y – 5 through a fixed point for all values of a and b. Find the
= 0 and cutting an intercept 1 on the x-axis. co-ordinates of the fixed point.
60. Find the equation of the right bisectors of the line 80. Find the equation of a line passing through the point
joining the points (1, 2) and (3, 5). of intersection of 2x + 3y + 1 = 0, 3x – 5y – 5 = 0 and
61. Find the equation of the altitude through A of DABC, equally inclined to the axes.
whose vertices are A(1, 2), B(4, 5) and C(3, 8). 81. Find the slope of the lines which make an angle of 45°
62. Find the equation of a line passing through the point of with the line 3x – y + 5 = 0.
intersection of the lines 2x + y = 8 and x – y = 10 and is
perpendicular to 3x + 4y + 2012 = 0. EQUATION OF STRAIGHT LINES PASSING THROUGH A GIVEN
POINT AND MAKING A GIVEN ANGLE WITH A GIVEN LINE
63. Find the distance of the point (4, 5) from the straight
line 3x – 5y + 7 = 0. 82. Find the equations of the lines through the
64. The equation of the base of an equilateral triangle be The line makes an angle 45° with the line x – 2y = 3.
x + y = 2 and one vertex is (2, –1). Find the length of the 83. A vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2, 3) and the equa-
sides of the triangle. tion of the opposite side x + y = 2. Find the equation of
65. If a and b be the intercepts of a straight line on the x and the other sides of the triangle.
y axes, respectively and p be the length of the perpen- 84. A line 4x + y = 1 through the point A(2, –7) meets the
1 1 1 line BC, whose equation is 3x – 4y + 1 = 0 at the point
dicular from the origin, prove that 2 + 2 = 2 . B. Find the equation of the line AC so that AB = AC.
a b p
66. Find the distance between the lines 3x – 4y = 5 and 85. Find the equations of straight lines passing through
6x – 8y + 11 = 0. (–2, –7) and having an intercept of length 3 between
67. Let L has intercepts a and b on the co-ordinate axes. the straight lines 4x + 3y = 12 and 4x + 3y = 3.
When the axes are rotated through an angle, keeping 86. Find the equations of the lines passing through the
the origin fixed, the same line L has intercepts p and q, point (2, 3) and equally inclined to the lines 3x – 4y = 7
1 1 1 1 and 12x – 5y + 6 = 0.
prove that 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 . 87. Two straight lines 3x + 4y = 5 and 4x – 3y = 15 intersect
a b p q at A. Points B and C are chosen on these lines such that
ARIA OF A PARALLELOGRAM AB = AC. Determine the possible equations of the line
BC passing through the point (1, 2).
68. If the area of a parallelogram formed by the lines x + 3y 88. Two equal sides of an isosceles triangle have the equations
= a, 3x – 2y + 3a = 0, x + 3y + 4a = 0 and 3x – 2y + 7a 7x – y + 3 = 0 and x + y = 3 and its third side passes through
= 0 is ma2, find the value of 11m + 30. the point (1, –10). Find the equation of the third side.
69. Prove that the four lines ax ± by ± c = 0 enclose a rhom-
2c 2 EQUATIONS OF BISECTORS
bus, whose area is .
|ab| 89. Find the equations of the bisectors of the angle between
the straight lines 3x – 4y + 7 = 0 and 12x + 5y – 2 = 0.
FAMILY OF STRAIGHT LINES 90. Find the equation of the bisectors bisecting the angle
70. Find the point of intersection of the lines x – y + 4 = 0 containing the origin of the straight lines 4x + 3y = 6
and 2x + y = 10. and 5x + 12y + 9 = 0.
71. Prove that the three lines 2x – 3y + 5 = 0, 3x + 4y = 7 91. Find the bisector of the angle between the lines 2x + y
and 9x – 5y + 8 = 0 are concurrent. = 6 and 2x – 4y + 7 = 0, which contains the point (1, 2).
72. Find the equation of a line which is passing through 92. Find the equation of the bisector of the obtuse angle
the point of intersection of the lines x + 3y – 8 = 0, between the lines 3x – 4y + 7 = 0 and 12x + 5y = 2.
2x + 3y + 5 = 0 and (1, 2). 93. Find the bisector of the acute angle between the lines
73. Find the value of m so that the lines y = x + 1, 2x + y = x + y = 3 and 7x – y + 5 = 0.
16 and y = mx – 4 may be concurrent. 94. Prove that the length of the perpendiculars drawn
74. If the lines ax + y + 1 = 0, x + by + 1 = 0 and x + y + c from any point of the line 7x – 9y + 10 = 0 to the lines
= 0 (where a, b, c are distinct and different from 1) are 3x + 4y = 5 and 12x + 5y = 7 are the same.
1 1 1 95. Find the co-ordinates of the incentre of the triangle
concurrent, find the value of + + .
1- a 1- b 1- c whose sides are x + 1 = 0, 3x – 4y = 5, 5x + 12y = 27.
75 If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, the family of straight lines 96. The bisectors of the angle between the lines
ax + by + c = 0 passes through a fixed point. Find the y = 3 x + 3 and 3 y = x + 3 3 meet the x-axis re-
co-ordinates of the fixed point. spectively, at P and Q. Find the length of PQ.
CG_01.indd 15 2/6/2017 3:57:46 PM

97. Two opposite sides of a rhombus are x + y = 1 and x + y 4. If a and b are real numbers between 0 and 1 such that
= 5. If one vertex is (2, –1) and the angle at that vertex the points (a, 1), (1, b) and (0, 0) form an equilateral
be 45°. Find the vertex opposite to the given vertex. triangle, then a, b are
98. Find the foot of perpendicular drawn from the point (a) 2 — 3, 2 - 3 (b) 3 - 1, 3 - 1
(2, 3) to the line y = 3x + 4. (c) 2 - 1, 2 - 1 (d) None
IMAGE OF A POINT WITH RESPECT TO A STRAIGHT LINE 5. If O be the origin and Q1(x1, y1) and Q2(x2, y2) be two
points, then OQ1OQ2 cos (–Q1OQ2) is
99. Find the image of the point (–8, 12) with respect to the
(a) x1 y2 + x2 y1 (b) (x12 + y12) (x22 + y22)
line mirror 4x + 7y + 13 = 0.
100. Find the image of the point (3, 4) with respect to the (c) (x1 – x2) + (y1 – y2) (d) x1x2 + y1y2
line y = x. 6. If the sides of a triangle are 3x + 4y, 4x + 3 and 5x + 5y
101. If (–2, 6) be the image of the point (4, 2) with respect to units, where x > 0, y > 0, the triangle is
the line L = 0, find the equation of the line L. (a) right angled (b) acute angled
102. The image of the point (4, 1) with respect to the line y = x (c) obtuse angled (d) isosceles
is P. If the point P is translated about the line x = 2, the 7. A triangle is formed by the co-ordinates (0, 0), (0, 21) and
new position of P is Q. Find the co-ordinates of Q. (21, 0). Find the number of integral co-ordinates strictly
103. The image of the point (3, 2) with respect to the line x = 4 inside the triangle (integral co-ordinates of both x and y)
p (a) 190 (b) 105 (c) 231 (d) 205
is P. If P is rotated through an angle about the origin 8. The set of all real numbers x, such that x2 + 2x, 2x + 3
4
in anti-clockwise direction. Find the new position of P. and x2 + 3x + 8 are the sides of a triangle, is
104. The equations of the perpendicular bisectors of the (a) x x x x
sides AB and AC of DABC are x – y + 5 = 0 and x + 2y 9. The area of a triangle with vertices at the points
= 0, respectively. If the point A is (1, –2), find the equa- (a, b + c), (b, c + a) and (c, a + b) is
tion of the line BC. (a) 0 (b) a + b + c
(c) ab + bc + ca (d) none
REFLECTION OF A STRAIGHT LINE
10. If the vertices of a triangle ABC are (l, 2 – 2l), (–l + 1,
105. A ray of light is sent along the line x – 2y = 3. Upon 2l) and (–4 – l, 6 – 2l). If its area be 70 sq. units, the
reaching the line 3x – 2y = 5, the ray is reflected from it. number of integral values of l is
Find the equation of the line containing the reflected ray. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
106. A ray of light passing through the point (1, 2) is re- 11. If the co-ordinates of points A, B, C and D are (6, 3),
flected on the x-axis at a point P and passes through the (–3, 5), (4, –2) and (x, 3x), respectively and if
point (5, 3). Find the abscissa of the point P. DABC 1
107. A ray of light is travelling along the line x = 1 and gets = , then x is
DDBC 2
reflected from the line x + y = 1, find the equation of the
(a) 8/11 (b) 11/8 (c) 7/9 (d) 0
line which the reflected ray travel.
12. The area of a triangle is 5 and two of its vertices are
108. A ray of light is sent along the line x – 6 y = 8. After re-
A(2, 1), B(3, –2). The third vertex which lies on the line
fracting across the line x + y = 1, it enters the opposite side
y = x + 3 is
after turning by 15° away from the line x + y = 1. Find the
Ê 7 13 ˆ Ê 5 5ˆ
equation of the line along with the reflected ray travels. (a) Á , ˜ (b) Á , ˜
Ë2 2¯ Ë 2 2¯
LEVEL II Ê 3 3ˆ
(c) Á - , ˜
Ë 2 2¯
(d) (0, 0)
(Mixed Problems) 13. If the points (2k, k), ( k, 2k) and (k, k) with k > 0 en-
1. If P(1, 2), Q(4, 6), R(5, 7) and S(a, b) are the vertices of closes a triangle of area 18 sq. units, the centroid of the
a parallelogram PQRS, then triangle is equal to
(a) a = 2, b = 4 (b) a = 3, b= 4 (a) (8, 8) (b) (4, 4)
(c) a = 2, b = 3 (d) a = 3, b = 5 (c) (–4, –4) (d) (4 2, 4 3)
2. The extremities of the diagonal of a parallelogram are 14. If r be the geometric mean of p and q, the line px + qy
the points (3, –4) and (–6, 5). Third vertex is the point +r=0
(–2, 1), the fourth vertex is (a) has a fixed direction
(a) (1, 1) (b) (1, 0) (b) passes through a fixed point
(c) (0, 1) (d) (–1, 0) (c) forms with the axes of a triangle of
3. The centroid of a triangle is (2, 3) and two of its verti- (d) sum of its intercepts on the axes Constant area is
ces are (5, 6) and (–1, 4). Then the third vertex of the constant.
triangle is 15. A line passing through the point (2, 2) cuts the axes of
(a) (2, 1) (b) (2, –1) co-ordinates at A and B such that area OAB = k (k > 0).
(c) (1, 2) (d) (1, –2) The intercepts on the axes are the roots of the equation
CG_01.indd 16 2/6/2017 3:57:46 PM

Straight Lines 1.17
(a) x2 – kx + 2k = 0 (b) x2 – 2kx + k =0 30. The point P(a, b) and Q(b, a) lie on the lines 3x + 2y –
2
(c) x + kx+ 2k = 0 (d) x2 + kx + k = 0 13 = 0 and 4x – y – 5 = 0. The equation of the line PQ is
16. If A and B be two points on the line 3x + 4 y + 15 = 0 such (a) x – y = 5 (b) x + y = 5
that OA = OB = 9 units, the area of the triangle OAB is (c) x – y = –5 (d) x + y = –5
(a) 9 2 (b) 18 2 (c) 12 2 (d) None. 31. The sides AB, BC, CD and DA of a quadrilateral are
x + 2y = 3, x = 1, x – 3y = 4, 5x + y + 12 = 0 respectively.
17. The line segment joining the points (1, 2) and (–2, 1) is
The angle between diagonals AC and BD is
divided by the line 3x + 4y = 7 in the ratio
(a) 45° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 30°
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 3 (c) 9 : 4 (d) 4 : 9
32. Let PS be the median of the triangle with vertices
18. If a straight line passes through (x1, y1) and its segment
P(2, 2), Q(6, –1) and R (7, 3). The equation of the line
between the axes is bisected at this point, its equation
passing through (1, –1) and parallel to PS is
is given by
x y (a) 2x – 9y – 7 = 0 (b) 2x – 9y – 11 = 0
(a) + =2 (b) 2(xy1 + x1 y) = x1 y1 (c) 2x + 9y – 11 = 0 (d) 2x + 9y + 7 = 0
x1 y1
(c) xy1 + x1 y = x1 y1 (d) None. 33. The equation of the base of an equilateral triangle is
x + y = 2 and the vertex is (2, –1). The length of its side is
19. A straight line through the point P(3, 4) is such that its
intercept between the axes is bisected at P. Its equation is 1 3 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
(a) 3x – 4y + 7 = 0 (b) 4x + 3y = 24 2 2 3
(c) 3x + 4y = 25 (d) x + y = 7 34. The distance between the lines 4x + 3y = 11 and 8x + 6y
20. If the lines 4x + 3y = 1, y = x + 5 and bx + 5y = 3 are = 15 is
concurrent, then b is (a) 7/2 (b) 7/3 (c) 7/5 (d) 7/10
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 0 Ê l l ˆ
35. A variable point Á1 + ,2+ ˜ lies in between
21. The lines ax + by + c = 0, bx + cy + a = 0 and cx + ay + Ë 2 2¯
b = 0 are concurrent if two parallel lines x + 2y = 1 and 2x + 4y = 15, the range
(a) Sa3 = 3abc (b) Sa3 = 0 of l is given by
(c) Sa = Sab
2
(d) None 5 2 4 2 5 2
22. The lines ax + 2y + 1 = 0, bx + 3y + 1 = 0 and cx + 4y + (a) 0 < l < (b) - <l<
6 5 6
1 = 0 are concurrent if a, b, c are in
4 2
(a) AP (b) GP (c) HP (d) none (c) - <l<0 (d) none
23. If the lines ax + y + 1 = 0, x + by + 1 = 0 and x + y + c = 5
36. The sum of the abcissae of all the points on the line
0 (a, b, c are distinct and not equal to 1) are concurrent, x + y = 4 that lie at a unit distance from the line 4x +
1 1 1 3y – 10 = 0 is
the value of + + is
1- a 1- b 1- c (a) – 4 (b) –3 (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) none 37. If the algebraic sum of the perpendicular distances from
24. The points (–a, –b), (0, 0), (a, b) and (a2, ab) are the points (2, 0), (0, 2), (1,1) to a variable straight line
(a) collinear (b) vertices of a rectangle be zero, the line passes through a fixed point whose
(c) vertices of a (d) none co-ordinates are
parallelogram (a) (1, 1) (b) (2, 2) (c) (0, 0) (d) None
25. If 25p2 + 9q2 – r2 – 30pq = 0, a point on the line px + qy 38. If a, b and c are related by 4a2 + 9b2 – 9c2 + 12ab = 0,
+ r = 0 is the greatest distance between any two lines of the fam-
(a) (–5, 3) (b) (1, 2) (c) (0, 0) (d) (5, 3) ily of lines ax + by + c = 0 is
2
26. The set of lines ax + by + c = 0 where 3a + 2b + 4c = 0 (a) 4/3 (b) ¥ 13
are concurrent at the point 3
(a) (3, 2) (b) (2, 4) (c) (3/4, ½) (d) None. (c) 3 13 (d) 0
27. If a, b, c are in AP, the straight line a + by + c = 0 will 39. If the axes are turned through an angle tan–1 2, the equa-
always pass through the point tion 4xy – 3x2 = a2 becomes
(a) (1, 1) (b) (2, 2) (c) (–2, 1) (d) (1, –2) (a) x2 – 4y2 = 2a2 (b) x2 – 4y2 = a2
2 2 2
28. The equation of the line which passes through the point (c) x + 4y = a (d) x2 – 2xy2 = a2
(–3, 8) and cuts off positive intercepts on the axes 40. The number of integral values of m for which the x co-
whose sum is 7, is ordinate of the point of intersection of the lines 3x + 4y
(a) 3x – 4y = 12 (b) 4x + 3y = 12 = 9 and y = mx + 1 is also an integer, is
(c) 3x + 4y = 12 (d) 4x – 3y = 12 (a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 4 (d) 1
29. If a pair of opposite vertices of parallelogram are (1, 3) 41. Given the family of lines
and (–2, 4) and the sides are parallel to 5x – y = 0 and a(2x + y + 4) + b(x – 2y – 3) = 0.
7x + y = 0, the equation of a side through (1, 3) is The number of lines belonging to the family at a dis-
(a) 5x – y = 2 (b) 7x + y = 10 tance 10 from any point (2, –3) is
(c) 5x – y + 14 = 0 (d) 7x + y + 10 = 0 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
CG_01.indd 17 2/6/2017 3:57:47 PM

x y 53. The incentre of the triangle formed by the axes and the
42. If + = 1 be any line through the intersection of x y
c d line + = 1 is
x y x y a b
+ = 1 and + = 1 , then Ê a bˆ Ê a bˆ
a b b a (a) Á , ˜ (b) Á , ˜
Ë 2 2¯ Ë 3 3¯
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) + = + (b) + = + Ê ab ab ˆ
c d a b a d c b (c) ,
Á 2 2 2 2˜
1 1 1 1 Ëa+b+ a +b a+b+ a +b ¯
(c) + = + (d) None.
b d a c Ê ab ab ˆ
x y (d) Á ,
43. The point of intersection of the lines + = 1 and Ë a + b + ab a + b + ab ˜¯
x y a b
+ = 1 lies on the line 54. The orthocentre of a triangle whose vertices are (0, 0),
b a (3, 4), (4, 0) is
(a) x – y = 0 7 Ê 5ˆ
(b) (x + y) (a + b) = 2ab (a) ÊÁ 3, ˆ˜ (b) Á 3, ˜
Ë 3¯ Ë 4¯
(c) (px + qy) (a + b) = (p + q)ab
Ê 3ˆ
(d) (px – qy) (a – b) = (p – q)ab (c) (5, –2) (d) ÁË 3, ˜¯
44. The equation of the right bisector of the line segment 4
joining the points (7, 4) and (–1, –2) is 55. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines xy =
(a) 4x + 3y = 10 (b) 3x – 4y + 7 = 0 0 and x + y = 1 is
(c) 4x + 3y = 15 (d) none Ê 1 1ˆ Ê 1 1ˆ
(a) Á , ˜ (b) Á , ˜
45. The points (1, 3) and (5, 1) are two opposite vertices of Ë 2 2¯ Ë 3 3¯
a rectangle. The other two vertices lie on the line y = 2x Ê 1 1ˆ
+ c, the other vertices and c are (c) (0, 0) (d) ÁË , ˜¯
4 4
(a) (1, 1), (2, 3), c = 4 (b) (4, 4), (2, 0), c = –4 56. The mid-points of the sides of a triangle are (5, 0),
(c) (0, 0), ( 5, 4), c = 3 (d) none (5, 12) and (0, 12). The orthocentre of the triangle is
46. The four lines ax ± by ± c = 0 enclose a (a) (0, 0) (b) (10, 0)
(a) square
Ê 13 ˆ
(b) parallelogram (c) (0, 24) (d) Á , 8˜
Ë3 ¯
(c) rectangle
2c 2 57. One side of an equilateral triangle is the line 3x + 4y +
(d) rhombus of area
ab 8 = 0 and its centroid is at O(1, 1). The length of its side
47. The area bounded by the curves y = |x| – 1 and y = is
–|x| + 1 is (a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 6 3 (d) 7
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 4 58. The incentre of the triangle with vertices (1, 3) , (0, 0)
48. The area of the parallelogram formed by the lines and (2, 0) is
y = mx, y = mx + 1, y = nx and y = nx + 1 is
Ê 3ˆ Ê2 1 ˆ
| m + n| 2 (a) Á1, (b) Á ,
(a) (b) Ë 2 ¯ ˜ Ë 3 3 ˜¯
2
( m - n) | m + n|
Ê 2 3ˆ Ê 1 ˆ
1 1 (c) Á , (d) Á1,
(c) (d) Ë 3 2 ˜¯ Ë ˜
3¯
| m + n| | m - n|
59. Let P (–1, 0), Q(0, 0) and R (3, 3 3) be three points.
49. The line which is parallel to x-axis and crosses the
Then the equation of the bisector of the –PQR is
curve y = x at an angle of 45° is
3
(a) x = ¼ (b) y = ¼ (c) y = ½ (d) y = 1 (a) x+ y=0 (b) x + 3 y = 0
50. The reflection of the point (4, –13) in the line 5x + y + 2
3
6 = 0 is (c) y + x 3 = 0 (d) x + y=0
(a) (–1, –14) (b) (3, 4) 2
(c) (1, 2) (d) (–4, 13) 60. The vertices of a triangle ABC are (1, 1), (4, –2) and
51. The area enclosed within the curve |x| + |y| = 1 is (5, 5), respectively. The equation of the perpendicular
(a) 4 (b 2 (c) 1 (d) 3 dropped from C to the internal bisector of –A is
52. The incentre of the triangle formed by the lines x = 0, (a) y = 5 (b) x = 5
y = 0 and 3x + 4y = 12 is (c) 2x + 3y = 7 (d) none
61. The vertices of a triangle are A(–1, –7), B(5, 1) and
Ê 1 1ˆ Ê 1ˆ Ê1 ˆ
(a) Á , ˜ (b) (1, 1) (c) Á1, ˜ (d) Á , 1˜ C (1, 4). The equation of the internal bisector of the
Ë 2 2¯ Ë 2¯ Ë2 ¯ –ABC is
CG_01.indd 18 2/6/2017 3:57:48 PM

Straight Lines 1.19
(a) 3x – 7y = 8 (b) x – 7y + 2 = 0 5. The area of the triangle formed by the intersection of a

(c) 3x – 3y – 7 = 0 (d) none line parallel to x-axis and passing through P(h, k) with
62. The bisector of the acute angle formed between the the lines y = x and x + y = 2 is 4h2. Find the locus of the
lines 4x – 3y + 7 = 0 and 4x – 4y + 1 4 = 0 has the equa- point P.
tion 6. Two rays in the first quadrant x + y = |a| and ax – y = 1
(a) x + y = 7 (b) x – y + 3 = 0 intersects each other in the interval a Œ (a0, ). Find the
(c) 2x + y =11 (d) x + 2y = 12 value of a0.
63. The opposite angular points of a square are (3, 4) and 7. A variable line is at constant distance p from the origin
(1, –1), the other two vertices are and meets the co-ordinate axes in A and B. Show that
Ê 1 5ˆ Ê 9 1ˆ Ê 9 1ˆ Ê 7 1ˆ 1 1 9
(a) Á - , ˜ , Á , ˜ (b) Á , ˜ , Á , ˜ the locus of the centroid of the DOAB is 2 + 2 = 2 .
Ë 2 2¯ Ë 2 2¯ Ë 2 2¯ Ë 2 2¯ x y p
8. The line segment joining A(3, 0) and B(5, 2) is rotated
Ê 7 1ˆ Ê 7 1ˆ Ê 7 1ˆ Ê 7 9ˆ
(c) Á , ˜ , Á - , - ˜ (d) Á - , - ˜ , Á - , - ˜ about A in the anti-clockwise direction through an an-
Ë 2 2¯ Ë 2 2¯ Ë 2 2¯ Ë 2 2¯
gle of 45° so that B goes to C. If D(x, y) is the image of
64. A line through A(–5, –4) meets the lines x + 3y + 2 = 0, C with respect to y-axis, find the value of x + y + 7.
2x + y + 4 = 0 and x – y – 5 = 0 at B, C and D, respec- 9. Find the equation of the line passing through the point
2 2 2 (4, 5) and equally inclined to the lines 3x – 4y = 7 and
Ê 15 ˆ Ê 10 ˆ Ê 6 ˆ
tively. If Á + =
Ë AB ˜¯ ËÁ AC ¯˜ ËÁ AD ¯˜
, the equation of 5y – 12x = 6.
10. If A(3, 0) and C(–2, 5) be the opposite vertices of a
the line is square, find the co-ordinates of remaining two vertices.
(a) 2x + 3y + 22 = 0 (b) 5x – 4y + 7=0 11. For what values of the parameter m does the point
(c) 3x – 2y + 3 = 0 (d) none P(m, m + 1) lie within the DABC, the vertices of which
65. The equation of the lines through the point (2, 3) and are A(0, 3), B(–2, 0) and C(6,1)?
making an intercept of length 2 units between the lines 12. A straight line passes through the point (h, k) and this
2x + y = 3 and 2x + y = 5 are point bisects the part of the intercept between the axes.
(a) x + 3 = 0, 3x + 4y = 12 Show that the equation of the straight line is
(b) y – 2 = 0, 4x – 3y = 6 x y
(c) x – 2 = 0, 3x + 4y = 18 + =1
2h 2k
(d) none
66. A line is such that its segment between the straight lines 13. Find the values of the parameter m for which the points
5x – y = 4 and 3x + 4y = 4 is bisected at the point (1, 5). (0, 0) and (m, 3) lie on the opposite lines 3x + 2y – 6 =
Its equation is 0 and x – 4y + 16 = 0.
(a) 23x – 7y + 6 = 0 (b) 7x + 4y + 3 = 0 14. If A(0, 3) and B(–2, 5) be the adjacent vertices of a
(c) 83x – 35y + 92 = 0 (d) None square. Find the possible co-ordinates of remaining
67. A straight line through the origin O meets the parallel two vertices.
lines 4x + 2y = 9 and 2x + y + 6 = 0 at points P and Q, 15. Find the co-ordinates of two points on the line x + y
respectively. Then the point O divides the segment PQ = 3 which are situated at a distance 8 from the point
in the ratio (2, 1) on the line.
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 3 16. If a and b be variables, show that the lines (a + b)x +
(2a – b)y = 0 pass through a fixed point.
17. Determine all values of a for which the point (a, a2)
LEVEL III lies inside the triangle formed by the lines 2x + 3y –1 =
0, x + 2y – 3 = 0 and 5x – 6y – 1 = 0.
(Problems for JEE Advanced)
18. The points (1, 3) and (5, 1) are two opposite vertices of
1. Derive the conditions to be imposed on b so that (0, b) a rectangle. The other two vertices lie on the line y = 2x
should lie on or inside the triangle having sides y + 3x + c. Find c and the remaining two vertices.
+ 2 = 0, 3y – 2x –5 = 0 and 4y + x – 14 = 0 19. A vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2, 3) and the equa-
2. Find the number of integral values of m, for which the tion of the opposite side is x + y = 2. Find the equation
x-co-ordinate of the point of intersection of the lines of the other two sides.
3x + 4y = 9 and y = mx + 1 is also an integer. 20. Two consecutive sides of a parallelogram are 4x + 5y
= 0 and 7x + 2y = 0. If the equation to one diagonal is
3. Let P = (–1, 0), Q = (0, 0) and R = (3, 3 3) be three
11x + 7y = 9, find the equation of the other diagonal.
points. Find the equation of the bisector of the –PQR.
21. A ray of light coming from the point (1, 2) is reflected
4. A straight line through the point (2, 2) intersects the lines
at a point A on the x-axis and then passes through the
3 x + y = 0 and 3 x - y = 0 at the points A and B. Find point (5, 3). Find the point A.
the equation to the line AB so that the DOAB is equilateral.
CG_01.indd 19 2/6/2017 3:57:48 PM

22. A man starts from the point P(–3, 4) and reaches the 2 Let the point B is symmetric to A (4, –1) with respect to
point Q(0, 1) after touching the line 2x + y = 7 at R. the bisector of the first quadrant. Find AB.
Find R on the line so that he travels along the shortest 3 A line segment AB through the point A(2, 0) which
path. makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of
2
23. A ray of light is sent along the straight line y = x - 4. x-axis is rotated about A in anti-clockwise direction
3 through an angle of 15°. If C be the new position of the
On reaching the x-axis, it is reflected. Find the point of
incidence and the equation of the reflected ray. point B(2 + 3, 1) , find the co-ordinates of C.
24. If the point (a, a) is placed in between the lines |x + y| = 4. The point (1, –2) is reflected in the x-axis and then
4, find a. translated parallel to the positive direction of x-axis
25. The equations of two sides of a triangle are 3x – 2y + 6 through a distance of 3 units, find the co-ordinates of
= 0 and 4x + 5y = 20 and the orthocentre is (1, 1). Find the point in the new position.
the equation of the third side. 5. A line through the point A(2, 0) which makes an angle
26. Two vertices of a triangle are (4, –3) and (–2, 5) . If the of 30° with the positive direction of x-axis is rotated
orthocentre of the triangle is (1, 2), prove that the third about A in anti-clockwise direction through an angle
vertex is (33, 26). of 15°. Find the equation of the straight line in the new
27. The equations of the perpendicular bisectors of the position.
sides AB and AC of a DABC are x – y + 2 = 0 and x + 6. A line x – y + 1 = 0 cuts the y-axis at A. This line is
2y = 0, respectively. If the point A is (1, –2), find the rotated about A in the clockwise direction through 75°.
equation of the line BC. Find the equation of the line in the new position.
28. A line 4x + y = 1 through the point A(2, –7) meets the 7. The point (1, 1) is translated parallel to the line y = 2x
line BC whose equation is 3x – 4y + 1 = 0 at the point in the first quadrant through a unit distance. Find the
B. Find the equation of the line AC, so that AB = AC. new position of the point.
29. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through 8. Two particles start from the same point (2, –1), one
(–2, –7) and having an intercept of length 3 between moving 2 units along the line x + y = 1 and the other
the straight lines 4x + 3y = 12 and 8x + 6y = 6. 5 units along the line x – 2y = 4. If the particles move
30. If A(1, p2), B(0, 1), C(p, 0) are the co-ordinates of three towards increasing y, find their new positions and the
points, find the value of p for which the area of the distance between them.
DABC is minimum. 9. If a line AB of length 2l moves with the end A always
31. The straight lines 3x + 4y = 5 and 4x – 3y = 15 intersect on the x-axis and the end B always on the line y = 6x.
at A. Points B and C are chosen on these lines, such that Find the equation of the locus of the mid-point of AB.
AB = AC. Determine the possible equations of the line 10 The opposite angular points of a square are (3, 4) and
BC passing through the point (1, 2). (1, –1). Find the co-ordinates of the other two vertices.
32. The centre of a square is at the origin and one vertex [Roorkee, 1985]
is A(2, 1). Find the co-ordinates of other vertices of the 11. Two vertices of a triangle are (4, –3) and (–2, 5). If
square. the orthocentre of the triangle is at (1, 2). Find the co-
33. Two equal sides of an isosceles triangle are 7x – y + 3 = ordinates of the third vertex. [Roorkee, 1987]
0 and x + y – 3 = 0 and its third side passes through the 12. A line is such that its segment between the straight lines
point (1, –10). Find the equation of the third side. 5x – y – 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 4 = 0 is bisected at the point
34. Two opposite sides of a rhombus are x + y = 1 and (1, 5). Obtain its equation. [Roorkee, 1988]
x + y = 5. If one vertex is (2, –1) and the angle at the ver- 13. The extremities of the diagonal of a square are (1, 1)
tex is 45°. Find the vertex opposite to the given vertex. and (–2, –1). Obtain the other two vertices and the
35. Two sides of a rhombus ABCD are parallel to the lines equation of the other diagonal. [Roorkee, 1989]
y = x + 2 and y = 7x + 3. If the diagonals of the rhombus 14 A variable straight line passes through the point of in-
intersect at the point (1, 2) and the vertex A is on y-axis. tersection of the lines x + 2y = 1 and 2x – y = 1 and
Find the possible co-ordinates of A. meets the co-ordinate axes in A and B. Find the locus
of the mid-point of AB. [Roorkee, 1989]
15. A variable line, drawn through the point of intersection
LEVEL IV x y x y
of the straight lines + = 1 and + = 1 , meets
a b b a
(Tougher Problems for JEE
Advanced) the co-ordinates axes in A and B. Find the locus of the
mid-point of AB. [Roorkee, 1989]
1. The equation of two sides of a parallelogram are 16 A line joining A(2, 0) and B(3, 1) is rotated about A in
3x – 2y + 12 = 0 and x – 3y + 11 = 0 and the point of anti-clockwise direction through. If B goes to C in the
intersection of its diagonals is (2, 2). Find the equations new position, what will be the co-ordinates of C?
of other two sides and its diagonal. [Roorkee, 1989]
CG_01.indd 20 2/6/2017 3:57:49 PM

Straight Lines 1.21
17. Which pair of points lie on the same side of 3x – 8y – 7 26. Given vertices A(1, 1), B(4, –2) and C(5, 5) of a tri-
= 0? angle, find the equation of the perpendicular dropped
(a) (0, –1) and (0, 0) (b) (4, –3) and (0, 1) from C to the interior bisector of the –A.
(c) (–3, –4) and (1, 2) (d) (–1, –1) and (3, 7) [Roorkee Main,1994]
[Roorkee, 1990] 27. The co-ordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from
18 Determine the conditions to be imposed on b so that the point (2, 4) on the line x + y = 1 are
(0, b) should lie on or inside the triangle having sides (a) (1/2, 3/2) (b) (–1/2, 3/2)
y + 3x + 2 = 0, 3y – 2x – 5 = 0 and 4y + x – 14 = 0. (c) (4/3, ½) (d) (3/4, –1/2)
[Roorkee Main, 1990]
[Roorkee, 1995]
19. A ray of light is sent along the line x – 2 y – 3 = 0. Upon
28. All points lying outside the triangle formed by the
reaching the line 3x – 2y – 5 = 0, the ray is reflected
points (1, 3), (5, 0) and (–1, 2) satisfy
from it. Find the equation of the line containing the re-
flected ray. [Roorkee Main, 1990] (a) 2x + y x+y–
20. A line parallel to the straight line 3x – 4y – 2 = 0 and at (c) 2x + y x+y
a distance 4 units from it is [Roorkee, 1995]
(a) 3x – 4y + 30 = 0 (b) 4x – 3y + 12 = 0 29. In a DABC, the equation of the perpendicular bisector
(c) 3x – 4y + 18 = 0 (d) 3x – 4y + 22 = 0 of AC is 3x – 2y + 8 = 0. If the co-ordinates of the points
[Roorkee, 1991] A and B are (1, –1) and (3, 1), respectively, find the
21. The equation of a straight line passing through (–5, 4) equation of the line BC and the centre of the circum-
which cuts an intercept of 2 between the lines x + y circle of the DABC.
+ 1= 0 and x + y – 1= 0 is [Roorkee Main, 1995]
(a) x – 2y + 13 = 0 (b) 2x – y + 14 = 0 30. Two sides of a rhombus, lying in the first quadrant are
(c) x – y + 9 = 0 (d) x – y + 10 = 0 given by 3x – 4y = 0 and 12x – 5y = 0. If the length
[Roorkee, 1991] of the longer diagonal is 12, find the equations of the
22. P(3, 1), Q(6, 5) and R(x, y) are three points such that other two sides of the rhombus.
the –PRQ is a right angle and the area of DRPQ = 7, [Roorkee Main, 1996]
the number of such points R is 31. What is the equation of a straight line equally inclined
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinite to the axes and equidistant from the points (1, –2) and
[Roorkee, 1992] (3, 4)? [Roorkee, 1997]
23. P is a point on either of the two lines y - 3| x | = 2 at 32. If the points (2a, a), (a, 2a) and (a, a) enclose a triangle
a distance of 5 units from their point of intersection, the of area 8, find the value of a.
co-ordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from P on (a) x – y – 2 = 0 (b) x + y – 2 = 0
the bisector of the angle between them are (c) x – y – 1 = 0 (d) x + y – 1 = 0
Ê 4 + 5 3ˆ Ê 4 - 5 3ˆ [Roorkee, 1997]
(a) Á 0, ˜ or Á 0, ˜ 33. One diagonal of a square 7x + 5y = 35 intercepted by
Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯
the axes. Obtain the extremities of the other diagonal.
depending on which line P is taken
[Roorkee Main,1997]
Ê 4 + 5 3ˆ 34. The equations of two equal sides AB and AC of an isos-
(b) Á 0, ˜
Ë 2 ¯ celes triangle ABC are x + y = 5 and 7x – y = 3, respec-
Ê 4 - 5 3ˆ tively. Find the equations of the side BC if the area of
(c) Á 0, ˜ the DABC is 5 sq. units.
Ë 2 ¯ [Roorkee, 1999]
Ê 5 5 3ˆ 35. Find the position of the point (4, 1) after it undergoes
(d) Á ,
Ë 2 2 ˜¯
[Roorkee, 1992] the following transformations successively:
(i) reflection about the line y = x – 1
24. If one of the diagonals of the square is along the line x (ii) translation by one unit along x-axis in the positive
= 2y and one of its vertices is A(3, 0), its sides through direction.
the vertex A are given by p
(iii) rotation through an angle about the origin in
(a) y + 3x + 9 = 0; 3y + x – 3 = 0 4
(b) y – 3x + 9 = 0; 3y + x – 3 = 0 the anti-clockwise direction.
(c) y – 3x + 9 = 0; 3y – x + 3 = 0 [Roorkee Main, 2000]
(d) y – 3x + 3 = 0; 3y + x + 9 = 0 [Roorkee, 1993] 36 Two vertices of a triangle are at (–1, 3) and (2, 5) and
25 The sides AB, BC, CD and DA of a quadrilateral have its orthocentre is at (1, 2). Find the co-ordinates of the
the equations x + 2y = 3, x = 1, x – 3y = 4 and 5x + y + third vertex.
12 = 0 respectively. Find the angle between the diago- [Roorkee Main, 2001]
nals AC and BD. [Roorkee Main, 1993]
CG_01.indd 21 2/6/2017 3:57:49 PM

Integer Type Questions Êx +x y + y2 ˆ

(c) Á 1 2 cos w , 1 cos w ˜
Ë 2 2 ¯
1. Let the algebraic sum of the perpendicular distances
(d) none
from the points (3, 0), (0, 3) and (2, 2) to a variable
straight line be zero, the line passing through a fixed 3. If a line makes intercepts a and b on x and y axes (obvi-
point whose co-ordinates are (p, q), where 3(p + q) – 2 ously oblique axes), its equation be
is.... x y
(a) + =1
2. If the distance of the point (2, 3) from the line 2x – 3y + a cos w b cos w
9 = 0 measured along the line 2x – 2y + 5 = 0 is d 2, x y
(b) + =1
find (d + 2). a b
3. Find the number of possible straight lines passing x y
through (2, 3) and forming a triangle with co-ordinate (c) + =1
b cos w a cos w
axes, whose area is 12 sq. units.
(d) none
4. Find the number of integral values of m for which the
4. If axes are inclined at 45°, the radius of the circle x2 +
x-co-ordinate of the point of intersection of the lines
3x + 4y = 9 and y = mx + 2 is also an integer. xy + y2 – 4x – 5y – 2 = 0 is
5. Find the area of the parallelogram formed by the lines (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 5
y = 2x, y = 2x + 1, y = x and y = x + 1. Passage II
6. If one side of a rhombus has end-points (4, 5) and (1, 1) Let us consider a rectangular co-ordinate system OX and OY
such that the maximum area of the rhombus is 5m sq. be rotated through an angle q in the anti-clockwise direction.
units, find m. Then we get a new co-ordinate system OX¢ and OY¢. If we
7. Find the area of a rhombus enclosed by the lines x ± 2y consider a point P(x, y) in the old co-ordinate system and
± 2 = 0. P(X, Y) in the new co-ordinate system, we can write
8. P(x, y) be a lattice point if x, y Œ N. If the number of x = X cosq – Y sinq and y = X sinq + Y cosq.
lattices points lies inside of a triangle form by the line Then
x + y = 10 and the co-ordinate axes is m(m + 5), find m. 1. The value of X is
9. P(x, y) be an IIT point if x, y Œ I +. Find the number of (a) X cosq + Y sinq (b) X sinq + Y cosq
IIT points lying inside the quadrilateral formed by the (c) X cosq – Y sinq (d) X sinq – Y cosq.
lines 2x + y = 6, x + y = 9, x = 0 and y = 0.
2. The equation of a curve in a plane 17x2 – 16xy + 17y2
10. If the point P(a2, a) lies in the region corresponding to = 225.Through what angle must the axes be rotated, so
the acute angle between the lines 2y = x and 4y = x such that the equation becomes 9X 2 + 25Y 2 = 225?
that the value of a lies in (p, q), where p, q Œ N, find the
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 75°
value of (p + q + 1).
3. If the axes be rotated at 45°, the equation 17x2 –16xy
+ 17y2 = 225 reduces to AX2 + BY2 = C2, the value of
Comprehensive Link Passage
A + B + C is
Passage I (a) 59 (b) 50 (c) 58 (d) 57.
Sometimes we do not take x-axis and y-axis at 90° and as- 4. If the axes are rotated through 45°, the equation
sume that they are inclined at an angle w. Let OX and OY, 3x2 + 2xy + 3y2 = 2 reduces to
the x-axis and the y-axis respectively, are inclined at an angle (a) X 2 + 2Y 2 = 1 (b) 2X 2 + Y 2 = 1
w. Let P be a point on the plane. Draw parallel lines from P 2
(c) 2X + 3Y = 12
(d) 5X2 + 3Y 2 = 1.
parallel to y- and x-axis. We will write PN = x and PM = y and 2 2
5. The equation 4xy – 3x = a become when the axes are
will say that the co-ordinates of P are (x, y), where such axes turned through an angle tan–1 2 is
are called oblique axes. (a) x2 + 4y2 = a2 (b) x2 – 4y2 = a2
1. The distance of P(x, y) from origin must be 2 2
(c) 4x + y = a 2
(d) 4x2 – y2 = a2.
(a) x2 + y 2 (b) x 2 + y 2 - 2xy sin w Passage III
2 2 The equations of adjacent sides of a parallelogram are x + y +
(c) x + y - 2xy cos w (d) none
1 = 0 and 2x – y + 2 = 0. If the equation of one of its diagonal
2. If M(x1, y1) and N(x2, y2) be two points in oblique sys- is 13x – 2y – 32 = 0. Then the
tem, the co-ordinates of the mid-points of A and B are 1. equation of the diagonal must be
Ê x + x y + y2 ˆ
(a) Á 1 2 , 1 ˜ (a) 7x – 8y + 1 = 0 (b) 2x – y = 0
Ë 2 2 ¯ (c) 2x – y = 7 (d) 3x + 4y = 5
Êx +x y + y2 ˆ 2. area of the given parallelogram must be
(b) ÁË 1 2 sin w , 1 sin w ˜
¯
2 2 (a) 45 (b) 45/2 (c) 3 5 (d) 4 2
CG_01.indd 22 2/6/2017 3:57:50 PM

Straight Lines 1.23
3. equation of the side of the parallelogram opposite to let x = j(t) and y = y(t). Eliminating t, we get the equation of
the given side 2x – y + 2 = 0 must be the reflected curve S¢. Then
(a) 2x – y + 5 = 0 (b) 2x – y = 0 1. the image of the line 3x – y = 2 in the line y = x – 1 is
(c) 2x – y = 7 (d) x + 3y = 4 (a) x + 3y = 2 (b) 3x + y = 2
(c) x – 3y = 2 (d) x + y = 2
Passage IV
2. the image of the circle x2 + y2 = 4 in the line x + y = 2 is
The vertex C of a right-angled isosceles DABC is (2, 2) and (a) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y = 0
the equation of the hypotenuse AB is 3x + 4y = 4. Then (b) x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 6 = 0
1. the equations of the sides AC and AB must be (c) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 2 = 0
(a) 7y – x = 12, 7x + y = 16 (d) x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0
(b) 3x – 4y + 2 = 0, 4x + 3y = 14 3. the image of the parabola x2 = 4y in the line x + y = a is
(c) x + y = 4, 2x – 3y = 10 (a) (x – a)2 = –4(y – a) (b) (y – a)2 = –4(x – a)
2
(d) x – y = 2, 3x + 2y = 5. (c) (x – a) = 4(y + a) (d) (y – a)2 = 4(x + a)
2. the area of the DABC must be 4. the image of an ellipse 9x2 + 16y2 = 144 in the line
(a) 1 sq. units (b) 2 sq. units y = x is
(a) 16x2 + 9y2 = 144 (b) 9x2 + 16y2 = 144
(c) 2 2 sq. units (d) 4 sq. units (c) 16x2 + 25y2 = 400 (d) 25x2 + 16y2 = 400
3. The in-radius of the DABC must be 5. the image of the rectangular hyperbola xy = 9 in the line
2 4 y = 3 is
(a) (b)
2+ 2 2+ 2 (a) xy + 9 = 0 (b) xy – 6x + 9 = 0
(c) xy + 6y – 9 = 0 (d) xy + 6x + 9 = 0.
2- 2 1
(c) (d)
2+ 2 2
Matrix Match
Passage V (For JEE-Advanced Examination Only)
The vertex A of a DABC is (3, –1). The equations of median
1. Match the following columns:
BE and angular bisector CF are, respectively x – 4y + 10 = 0
In DABC, AB : x + 2y = 3,
and 6x + 10y – 59 = 0. Then the
BC: 2x – y + 5 = 0, AC : x – 2 = 0
1. equation of AB must be
be the sides, then the
(a) x + y = 2 (b) 18x + 13y =41
(c) 23x + y = 70 (d) x + 4y = 0. Column I Column II
2. slope of the side BC must be (A) circumcentre of DABC is (P) Ê -7 11ˆ
(a) 1/7 (b) 1/9 (c) 2/9 (d) 3/4 (P) ÁË , ˜¯
5 5
3. length of the side AC must be
(a) 83 (b) 85 (c) 89 (d) 88 (B) centroid of DABC is (Q) Ê 13 131ˆ
ÁË , ˜
Passage VI 15 30 ¯
In a DABC, the equation of altitudes AM and BN and the side (C) orthocentre of DABC is (R) (R) Ê 19 ˆ
AB are given by the equations x + 5y = 3 and x + y = 1. Then ÁË 2, ˜¯
4
1. the equation of the third altitude CL must be
(a) 3x – y = 2 (b) 3x – y = 1 2. Match the following columns:
(c) 3x + y + 1 = 0 (d) x + 3y + 1 = 0. A line cuts x-axis at A and y-axis at B such that AB = l,
2. the equation of BC must be the loci of the
(a) 5x – y = 5 (b) 5x + y + 5 = 0 Column I Column II
(c) x – 2y = 3 (d) x + 2y +3 = 0
3. if R is the circum-radius of the triangle, 2R cos B must (A) circumcentre of DABC is (P) l2
x2 + y 2 =
be equal to 9
1 1 1 1 (B) orthocentre of DABC is (Q) l2
(a) (b) (c)
3
(d)
2 x2 + y 2 =
3 2 4
Passage VII (C) incentre of DABC is (R) x2 + y2 = 0
Let the curve be S: f (x, y) = 0 and the line mirror L: (D) centroid of DABC is (S) y = x
ax + by + c = 0. We take a point P on the given curve in para-
metric form. Suppose Q be the image or reflection of point 3. Match the following columns:
P about the line mirror L = 0, which again contains the same The vertex C of a DABC is (4, –1). The equation of
parameter. Let Q = (j(t), y(t)), where t is a parameter. Now, altitude AD and median AE are 2x – 3y + 12 = 0 and
2x+ 3y = 0, respectively then
CG_01.indd 23 2/6/2017 3:57:50 PM

Column I Column II (C) The bisector of the angle (R) 6x – 2y = 5

(A) slope of side AB (P) –3/7 between the lines 2x + y =
6 and 2x – 4y + 7 = 0 which
(B) slope of side BC (Q) –3/2
contains the point (1, 2) is
(C) slope of side AC (R) –9/11
(D) The bisector of the angle (S) 7x + 9y = 3
4. Match the following columns: between the lines
The general equation of 2nd degree is 4x + 3y = 6
l x2 + 2y2 + 4xy + 2x + 4y + l = 0 and 5x + 12y + 9 = 0 which
containing the origin is
It represents
(E) The bisector of the angle (T) 9x –7y = 41
Column I Column II between the lines
(A) distinct lines if (P) k = 1 4x + 3y = 6
(B) parallel lines if (Q) k = 3 and 5x + 12y + 9 = 0 which
does not containing the ori-
(C) imaginary lines if (R) k = f
gin is
Column I Column II
Column I Column II
(A) If 3a + 2b + 6c = 0, the family (P) (– 2, – 3)
(A) The image of a line (P) 2x – y – 11
of lines ax + by + c = 0 passes
2x + 3y + 4 = 0 w.r.t. x-axis is =0
through a fixed point. Then
the fixed point is (B) The image of a line (Q) 5x + 3y + 7
7x – 3y – 10 = 0 w.r.t. y-axis =0
(B) The family of lines x(a + 2b) (Q) Ê 1 1 ˆ
is
+ y(a + 3b) = a + b passes ÁË , ˜¯
2 3 (C) The image of a line (R) x – 4y + 29
through a fixed point. Then
the point is 3x + 5y + 7 = 0 w.r.t. the line =0
y = x is
(C) If 4a2 + 9b2 – c2 + 12ab = 0, the (R) (2, –1)
family of straight lines ax + by (D) The image of a line (S) 7x + 3y +
+ c = 0 passes through a fixed 2x + y + 3 = 0 w.r.t. the line 10 = 0
point. Then the fixed point is x = 2 is
(E) The image of a line (T) 2x – 3y + 4
6. Match the following columns: x + 4y + 5 = 0 w.r.t. the line =0
Column I Column II y = 3 is
The area of a parallelogram formed by the lines 9. Match the following Columns:
(A) 3x – 4y + 1 = 0, 3x – 4y + 3 (P) 20/11 units
Column I Column II
= 0 , 4x – 3y – 1 = 0
and 4x – 3y – 2 = 0 is (A) The image of a point (P) (4, 5)
(2, 3) w.r.t. x-axis is
(B) x + 3y =1, 3x – 2y + 3 = 0, x (Q) 2/7 units
+ 3y + 4 = 0 (B) The image of a point (Q) (1, –1)
and 3x – 2y + 7 = 0 is (3, 4) w.r.t. y-axis is
(C) y = 2x + 3, y = 2x + 5. (R) 2/5 units (C) The image of a point (R) (2, –3)
y = 7x + 4 and y = 7 x + 5 is (5, 4) w.r.t. the line
y = x is
7. Match the following columns: (D) The image of a point (S) (–3, 4)
Column I Column II (2, 5) w.r.t. the line
x = 3 is
(A) The equation of the obtuse (P) 6x + 2y – 5
angle bisector of the lines =0 (E) The image of a point (T) (4, 5)
3x – 4y + 7 = 0 and (1, 5) w.r.t. the line
12x + 5y – 2 = 0 is y = 2 is
(B) The equation of the acute- (Q) 21x + 77y (F) The image of a point (U)
(2 3 - 1, 2 + 3)
angle bisector of the lines –101= 0 (2, 4) w.r.t. the line
x + y = 3 and 7x – y + 5 = 0 is y = 3 x is
CG_01.indd 24 2/6/2017 3:57:50 PM

Straight Lines 1.25
10. Match the following columns: 4. Two vertices of a triangle are (5, –1) and (–2, 3). If
the orthocentre of the triangle is the origin, find the co-
Column I Column II
ordinates of the third vertex. [IIT-JEE, 1979]
(A) The orthocentre of the trian- (P) (3, 1)
5. Find the equation of the line which bisects the obtuse
gle formed by the lines xy = 0
angle between the lines x – 2y + 4 = 0 and 4x – 3y + 2
and x + y = 4 is
= 0. [IIT-JEE, 1979]
(B) The orthocentre of the trian- (Q) Ê 1 1 ˆ 6. The points (–a, –b), (0, 0) and (a, b) are
gle formed by the lines ÁË - , - ˜¯ (a) collinear
4 6
x + y = 4, x – y = 2 (b) vertices of a rectangle
and 2x + 3y = 6 is
(c) vertices of a parallelogram
(C) The orthocentre of the trian- (R) (0, 0) (d) none [IIT-JEE, 1979]
gle formed the lines 7. The points (–a, –b), (0, 0), (a, b) and (a2, ab) are
6x2 + 5xy – 6y2 + 3x – 2y = 0 (a) collinear
and x + 4y = 5 is
(b) vertices of a parallelogram
11. Match the following columns: (c) vertices of a rectangle
(d) None [IIT-JEE, 1979]
Column I Column II
8. A straight line L is perpendicular to the line 5x – y = 1.
(A) A light beam emanating (P) 2x + 3y = 12 The area of the triangle formed by the line L and the
from the point (3, 10) co-ordinate axes is 5. Find the equation of the line L.
reflects from the straight [IIT-JEE, 1980]
line 2x + y = 6 and the 9. Given the four lines with the equations x + 2y = 3,
passes through the point 3x + 4y = 7, 2x + 3y = 4 and 4x + 5y = 6. Then
B(7, 2). Then the equa- (a) they all are concurrent
tion of the reflected ray is (b) they are the sides of a quadrilateral
(B) A ray of light is sent along (Q) x + 3y = 13 (c) only three lines are concurrent
2 (d) None [IIT-JEE, 1980]
the line y = x - 4 . On 10. The point (4, 1) undergoes the following three trans-
3
reaching the x-axis it is formations successively
reflected. Then the equa- (i) reflection about the line y = x
tion of the reflected ray is (ii) transformation through a distance 2 units along the
positive direction of x-axis.
(C) A ray of light is sent (R) 19x – 22y = – 9 p
along the line x – 2y + 5 = (iii) rotation through an angle about the origin in
4
0. Upon reaching the line the counterwise direction. Then the final position
3x + 2y + 7 = 0, the ray of the point is given by the co-ordinates
is reflected from it. Then Ê 1 7 ˆ
(a) Á , (b) (- 2, 7 2)
the equation of the line Ë 2 2 ˜¯
containing the reflected
ray is Ê 1 7 ˆ
(c) Á - , ˜ (d) ( 2, 7 2)
Ë 2 2¯ [IIT-JEE, 1980]
11. The points (1, 3) and (5, 1) are two opposite vertices
Questions asked in Previous Years’ of a rectangle. The other two vertices lie on the line
JEE-Advanced Examinations y = 2x + c. Find c and the remaining two vertices.
[IIT-JEE, 1981]
1. The area of a triangle is 5, two of its vertices are (2, 1)
12. The set of lines ax + by + c = 0, where 2a + 3b + 4c = 0
and (3, –2). The third vertex lies on y = x + 3. Find the
is concurrent at the point… [IIT-JEE, 1982]
third vertex. [IIT-JEE, 1978]
13. The straight lines x + y = 0, 3x + y = 4 and
2. One side of a rectangle lies along the line 4x + 7y + 5 x + 3y = 4 form a triangle which is
= 0. Two of its vertices are (–3, 1) and (1, 1). Find the (a) iscosceles (b) equilateral
equation of the other three vertices. [IIT-JEE, 1978] (c) right angled (d) none
3. A straight line segment of length l moves with its ends [IIT-JEE, 1983]
on two mutually perpendicular lines. Find the locus of 14. The ends A and B of a straight line segment of length
the point which divides the line in the ratio 1 : 2. c slide upon the fixed rectangular axes OX and OY, re-
[IIT-JEE, 1978] spectively. If the rectangle OABP be completed, show
CG_01.indd 25 2/6/2017 3:57:51 PM

that the locus of the perpendicular drawn from P to AB x + 2y = 0, respectively. If the point A is (1, –2), find the
is x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3. [IIT-JEE, 1983] equation of the line BC. [IIT-JEE, 1986]
15. The vertices of a triangle are [at1t2, a(t1 + t2)], Ê 8ˆ
[at2t3, a(t2 + t3)], [at3t1, a(t1 + t3)]. Find the orthocentre 28. The points Á 0, ˜ , (1, 3) and (82, 30) are the vertices
Ë 3¯
of the triangle. [IIT-JEE, 1983] of
16. The straight line 5x + 4y = 0 passes through the point of (a) an obtuse-angled triangle
intersection of the straight lines x + 2 y =10 and 2x + y (b) an acute-angled triangle
+ 5 = 0. Is it true/false? [IIT-JEE, 1983] (c) right-angled triangle
17. The co-ordinates of A, B and C are (6, 3), (–3, 5) and (d) an isosceles triangle
(4, –2) respectively and P is any point (x, y), show that (e) None [IIT-JEE, 1986]
x+ y-2 No questions asked in 1987.
the ratio of the area of the DPBC and ABC is 29. The lines 2x + 3y + 19 = 0 and 9x + 6y – 17 = 0 cut the
7
co-ordinate axes in concylic points. (T/F)
[IIT-JEE, 1983]
[IIT-JEE, 1988]
18. Two equal sides of an isosceles triangle are given by
30. Lines L1: ax + by + c = 0 and L2: ax + my + n = 0
the equations 7x – y + 3 = 0 and x + y – 3 = 0 and its
intersect at the point P and make an angle q with each
third side passes through the point (1, –10). Determine
other. Find the equation of a line L different from L2
the equation of the third side. [IIT-JEE, 1984]
which passes through P and makes the same angle q
19 If a, b and c are in AP, the straight line ax + by + c =
with L1. [IIT-JEE, 1988]
0 will always pass through a fixed point, whose co-
31. Let ABC be a triangle with AB = AC. If D is the mid-
ordinates are... [IIT-JEE, 1984]
point of BC, E the foot of the perpendicular drawn from
20 Three lines px + qy + r = 0, qx + ry + p = 0 and rx + py
D to AC and F the mid-point of DE. Prove that AF is
+ q = 0 are concurrent if
perpendicular to BE. [IIT-JEE, 1989]
(a) p + q + r = 0
32. Striaght lines 3x + 4y = 5 and 4x – 3y = 15 intersect at
(b) p2 + q2 + r2 = pq + qr + rp
the point A. Points B and C are chosen on these two
(c) p3 + q3 + r3 = 3pqr
lines such that AB = AC. Determine the possible equa-
(d) none of these [IIT-JEE, 1985]
tions of the line BC passing through the point (1, 2).
21. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines [IIT-JEE, 1990]
x + y = 1, 2x + 3y = 6 and 4x – y + 4 = 0 lies in quadrant 33. A line L has intercepts a and b on the co-ordinate axes.
number... [IIT-JEE, 1985] When the axes are rotated through a given angle, keep-
22. Two sides of a rhombus ABCD are parallel to the lines ing the origin fixed, the same line L has intercepts p and
y = x + 2 and y = 7x + 3. If the diagonals of the rhombus q, then
intersect at the point (1, 2) and the vertex A is on the 1 1 1 1
y-axis, find the possible co-ordinates of A. (a) a2 + b2 = p2 + q2 (b) 2 + 2 = 2 + 2
[IIT-JEE, 1985] a b p q
x1 y1 1 a1 b1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) a2 + p2 = b2 + q2 (d) + = +
p 2 a 2 b2 q 2
23. If x2 y2 1 = a2 b2 1 , the two triangles with ver-
[IIT-JEE, 1990]
x3 y3 1 a3 b3 1
34. A line cuts the x-axis at A(7, 0) and the y-axis at
tices (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) and (a1, b1), (a2, b2), (a3, b3),
B(0, –5). A variable line PQ is drawn perpendicular to
must be congruent. Is it true or false?
AB cutting the x-axis in P and the y-axis in Q. If AQ and
[IIT-JEE, 1985] BP intersect in R, find the locus of R.
24. One of the diameter of the circle circumscribing the [IIT-JEE, 1990]
rectangle ABCD is 4y = x + 7. If A and B are the points
35. Find the equation of the line passing through the point
(–3, 4) and (5, 4), respectively, find the area of the rect-
(2, 3) and making intercept of length 2 units between
angle. [IIT-JEE, 1985]
the lines y + 2x = 3 and y + 2x = 5. [IIT-JEE, 1991]
25. The set of all real numbers a such that a2 + 2a, 2a + 3
36. Let the algebraic sum of the perpendicular distance
and a2 + 3a + 8 are the sides of a triangle is...
from the points (2, 0), (0, 2) and (1, 1) to a variable
[IIT-JEE, 1985]
straight line be zero, the line passes through a fixed
26. All points inside the triangle formed by the points
point whose co-ordinates are.... [IIT-JEE, 1991]
(1, 3), (5, 0) and (–1, 2) satisfy
(a) 3x + 2y 0 (b) 2x + y – 13 0 37. If the sum of the distances of a point from two mutually
(c) 2x – 3y – 12 0 (d) –2x + y perpendicular lines in a plane is 1, its locus is
(e) None [IIT-JEE, 1986] (a) square (b) circle
27. The equation of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides (c) straight line (d) two intersecting lines
AB and AC of a triangle ABC are x – y + 5 = 0 and [IIT-JEE, 1992]
CG_01.indd 26 2/6/2017 3:57:51 PM

Straight Lines 1.27
38. Determine all values of a for which the point (a, a2) 48. The number of integral values of m, for which the x-
lies inside the triangle formed by the lines 2x + 3y – 1 = co-ordinate of the point of intersection of the lines 3x +
0, x + 2y – 3 = 0 and 5x – 6y – 1 = 0. [IIT-JEE, 1992] 4y = 9 and y = mx + 1 is also an integer, is
39. The vertices of a triangle A(–1, –7), B(5, 1) and C(1, (a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 4 (d) 1
4). The equation of the bisector of the angle –ABC is... [IIT-JEE, 2001]
[IIT-JEE, 1993] 49. Let P = (–1, 0), Q = (0, 0) and R = (3, 3 3) be three
40. A line through A(–5, –4) meets the lines x + 3y + 2 = 0, points. The equation of the bisector of the angle PQR is
2x + y + 4 = 0 and x – y – 5 = 0 at the points B, C and 3
2 2 2 (a) x+ y=0 (b) x + 3 y = 0
Ê 15 ˆ Ê 10 ˆ Ê 6 ˆ 2
D, respectively. If Á + =
Ë AB ˜¯ ËÁ AC ¯˜ ËÁ AD ¯˜
, find the 3
(c) 3 x + y = 0 (d) x + y=0
equation of the line. [IIT-JEE, 1993] 2
[IIT-JEE, 2002]
41. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines 50. A straight line L through the origin meets the lines
x y = 0 and x + y = 1 is x + y = 1 and x + y = 3 at P and Q, respectively.
Ê 1 1ˆ Ê 1 1ˆ Ê 1 1ˆ Through P and Q two straight lines L1 and L2 are
(a) Á , ˜ (b) Á , ˜ (c) (0, 0) (d) Á , ˜
Ë 2 2¯ Ë 3 3¯ Ë 4 4¯ drawn parallel to 2x – y = 5 and 3x + y = 5, respectively.
[IIT-JEE, 1995] Lines L1 and L2 intersect at R. Show that the locus of R
42. A rectangle PQRS has its sides PQ parallel to the line as L varies, is a straight line. [IIT-JEE, 2002]
y = mx and vertices P, Q and S on the lines y = a, x = b 51. A straight line L with negative slope passes through the
and x = – b, respectively. Find the locus of the vertex R. point (8, 2) and meets the positive co-ordinate axes at
[IIT-JEE, 1996] points P and Q. Find the absolute minimum value of
No questions asked in 1997. OP + OQ as L varies, where O is the origin.
43. The diagonals of a parallelogram PQRS are along the [IIT-JEE, 2002]
lines x + 3y = 4 and 6x – 2y = 7. Then PQRS must be a: 52. A straight line through the point (2, 2) intersects the
(a) rectangle (b) square lines 3x + y = 0 and 3x – y = 0 at the points A and
(c) cyclic quad. (d) rhombus B. The equation to the line AB so that the triangle OAB
[IIT-JEE, 1998] is equilateral, is
No questions asked in 1999. (a) x – y = 0 (b) y – 2 = 0
44. Let PS be the median of the triangle with vertices (c) x + y – 4 = 0 (d) none of these
P(2, 2), Q(6, –1) and R(7, 3). The equation of the line [IIT-JEE, 2002]
passing through (1, –1) and parallel to PS is 53. A straight line through the origin O meets the parallel
(a) 2x – 9y – 7 = 0 (b) 2x – 9y – 11 = 0 lines 4x + 2y = 9 and 2x + y + 6 = 0 at points P and Q
(c) 2x + 9y – 11 = 0 (d) 2x + 9y + 7 = 0 respectively. The point O divides the segment PQ in
[IIT-JEE, 2000] the ratio
45. A straight line through the origin O meets the parallel lines (a) 1 : 2 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 3.
4x + 2y = 9 and 2x + y + 6 = 0 at points P and Q, respec- [IIT-JEE, 2002]
tively. The point O divides the segment PQ in the ratio 54. The orthocentre of the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (3,
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 3 4) and (4, 0) is
[IIT-JEE, 2000] Ê 5ˆ
46. For points P = (x1, y1) and Q = (x2, y2) of the co-ordinate (a) Á 3, ˜ (b) (3, 12)
Ë 4¯
plane, a new distance d(P, Q) is defined as d(P, Q) =
Ê 3ˆ
|x1 – x2| + |y1 – y2|. (c) Á 3, ˜ (d) (3, 9)
Ë 4¯ [IIT-JEE, 2003]
Let O = (0, 0) and A = (3, 2). Prove that the set of
points in the first quadrant which are equidistant (with 55. If the equation of the locus of a point equidistant from
respect to the new distance) from O and A consists of the points (a1, b1) and (a2, b2) is
the union of a line segment of finite length and an infi- (a1 – a2)x + (b1 – b2)y + c = 0, then the values of ‘c’ is
nite ray. Sketch this set in a labelled diagram. 1 2 2 2 2
(a) (a22 + b22 - a12 - b12 ) (b) (a1 - a2 + b1 - b2 )
[IIT-JEE, 2000] 2
47. The area of the parallelogram formed by the lines 1 2
(c) (a1 + a22 + b12 + b22 ) (d) (a12 - a22 + b12 - b22 )
y = mx, y = mx + 1, y = nx and y = nx + 1 equals 2
| m + n| [IIT-JEE, 2003]
2
(a) (b) 56. The area of the triangle formed by the lines x + y = 3
( m - n) 2 | m + n| and angle bisector of the pair of straight lines
1 1
(c) (d) x2 – y2 + 2y – 1 = 0 is
| m + n| | m - n| (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
[IIT-JEE, 2001] [IIT-JEE, 2004]
CG_01.indd 27 2/6/2017 3:57:52 PM

57. The area of the triangle formed by the intersection of a where p π q, is

line parallel to x-axis and passing through P(h, k) with (a) a hyperbola (b) a parabola
the lines y = x and x + y = 2 is 4h2. Find the locus of the (c) an ellipse (d) a straight line
point P. [IIT-JEE, 2005] [IIT-JEE, 2009]
58. Two rays in the first quadrant x + y = | a | and No questions asked in 2010.
ax – y = 1 intersects each other in the interval a Œ (a0, 62. A straight line L through the point (3, –2) is inclined at
). Find the value of a0. [IIT-JEE, 2006] an angle 60° to the line 3 x + y = 1. If L also intersects
59. Lines L1: y – x = 0, L2: 2x + y = 0 intersect the line L3: the x-axis, the equation of L is
y + 2 = 0 at P and Q, respectively. The bisector of the
(a) y + 3 x + (2 - 3 3) = 0
acute angle between L1 and L2 intersect L3 at R.
Statement I: The ratio PR : RQ equals 2 2 : 5 . (b) y - 3 x + (2 + 3 3) = 0
Statement II: In any triangle bisector of an angle, di- (c) - x + 3 y + (3 + 2 3) = 0
vides the triangle into two similar triangles. (d) x + 3 y + (-3 + 2 3) = 0 [IIT-JEE, 2011]
[IIT-JEE, 2007]
No questions asked in 2012.
60. Consider the lines given by
63. For a > b > c > 0, the distance between (1, 1) and the
L1: x + 3y – 5 = 0, L2: 3x – ky – 1 = 0,
point of intersection of the lines ax + by + c = 0 and
and L3: 5x + 2y – 12 = 0
bx + ay + c = 0 is less than 2 2, then
Column I Column II
(a) a + b – c > 0 (b) a – b + c < 0
(a) L1, L2, L3 are concurrent if (p) k = –9
(c) a – b + c > 0 (d) a + b – c < 0
(b) One of L1, L2, L3 is parallel (q) k = –6/5
[IIT-JEE, 2013]
to at least of the other two, if
64. For a point P in the plane, let d1(P) and d2(P) be the
(c) L1, L2, L3 form a triangle, if (s) k = 5 /6
distances of the point P from the lines x – y = 0 and
(d) L1, L2, L3 do not form a (t) k = 5
x + y = 0, respectively.
triangle, if
The area of the region R consisting of all points P
[IIT-JEE, 2008]
lying in the first quadrant of the plane and satisfying 2
61. The locus of the orthocentre of the triangle formed by
£ d1(P) + d2(P) £ 4, is ...
the lines (1 + p)x – py + p(1 + p) = 0,
[IIT-JEE, 2014]
(1 + q)x – qy + q(1 + q) = 0 and y = 0,
A NSWERS
LEVEL I Ê1 ± 3 7 ± 5 3ˆ
11. Á
Ë 2
, ˜
2 ¯
(CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATES) 12. (3, 1)
13. 3/7
Ê 4 ˆ Ê 4 ˆ
1. Á 5, - tan -1 ÊÁ ˆ˜ ˜ , Á 5, p - tan -1 ÊÁ ˆ˜ ˜ 14. 12:1
Ë Ë 3¯ ¯ Ë Ë 3¯ ¯
Ê 2 ˆ Ê 5 ˆ
2. (x2 + y2)2 = a2(x2 – y2) 15. ÁË - , 0˜¯ and ÁË - , 2˜¯
3 3
3. (x2 + y2) = 2ax 16. (0, 1), (1, 0) and (3, 1)
cos 2 q sin 2q 1 17. (4, 6)
4. + 2 = 2
a2 b r Ê 10 8 ˆ
18. Á , ˜
Ë 3 3¯
2 2
5. r = 19. (–4, –15)
(4 + 3 sin 2q )
20. (2, 3)
Êa - bˆ Ê 4 5ˆ
6. 2a sin ÁË ˜ 21. ÁË , ˜¯
2 ¯ 3 6
7. 10 22. 2
8. 34 23. 46
3 24. 2
9. 25. x + y + 9 = 0, x + y – 15 = 0
10
10. 26. 132
CG_01.indd 28 2/6/2017 3:57:52 PM

Straight Lines 1.29
27. 54 17. 4x + 5y = 14
28. 0 18. (2 - 3) x - y - 2(2 - 3) = 0
29. x = 7/4 19. x–y+1=0
2304 20. x – 5y + 10 = 0
30.
3850 21. 3x – 5y + 7 = 0
31. x2 + y2 = a2 4-2
32. y2 = 4ax 22. y - 2 = ( x - 5) = - 2( x - 5)
4-5
33. y2 = 8x2
34. y2 = 2ax – a2 23. (3/2, 0), (9/4, 0), (9/4, 3/4) and (3/2, 3/4)
35. x2 – y2 = 4 24. y - 0 = 3 ( x - 2), x 3 - y - 2 3 = 0
x2 y 2 25. x+y=7
36. + =1
7 16 2 26. 2x + y = 7
2 2 l
37. x + y = 27. 3x + 2y = 12
4
38. y2 = 4x 28. x–y=7
39. 2(x2 + y2) – x – y + 1 = 0 29. x – y = 1, 2x – 3y = 12
30. 3
40. xy = x + y + x 2 + y 2 31. 2x + y = 10
44. x2 + y2 = 4 32. 3x – 8y = 0, 3x – 2y = 0
45. x2 + y2 = 3
35. x + 3 y = 10
46. 2x2 + y2 –7x + 9y + 1 = 0
36. 12x + 5y = 26
47. x2 + y2 – 8x – 10y + 5 = 0
48. (–6, –5) 37. (7, 5), (–1, –1)
49. 2x2 + y2 = 1 38. (2, 7) and (–6, –1)
50. y2=4x 39. (4, 5)
51. (–2, 3)
Ê 1 3ˆ Ê 1 3ˆ
52. 12 40. ËÁ 2 + 2 ◊ , 2 ◊ ˜ = Á2 +
¯
, ˜
53. x2 – y2 = a2 2 2 Ë 2 2¯
54. 4x2 + 2y2 = 1 41. 75°, 15°
55. (–3, 2) 42. R(–2, –1), Q(–1, 2) and S(1, –2)
Ê1 - 4 3 4 + 3ˆ Ê 3 3ˆ Ê 1 3ˆ
56. ÁË , ˜ 43. ÁË - , ˜¯ and ÁË , - ˜¯
2 2 ¯ 2 2 2 2
44. 2
LEVEL I
45. 6
46. 4 2
47. 5
(STRAIGHT LINES)
48. 5
1. 6 49. (8, 2) and (0, –4)
2. 3
54. 3x + 4y – 18 = 0
-1 Ê 3 ˆ
5. q = tan ÁË ˜¯ 55. 3x – 4y – 5 = 0
4
56. 4x + y = 9
6. 3 or –1/ 3
7. y + 3 = 0 57.
8. y = 4 58. 3x – 2y – 1 = 0
9. x = 8 59. 3x + 2y + 3 = 0
10. y = 3x + 7 60. 4x + 6y = 29
11. y = x + 5 61. x – 3y + 5 = 0.
3 62. 4x – 3y – 36 = 0
12. y = mx + c = x-6
5 6
63.
13. y = mx + c = ± x + 4 34
14. y = mx + c = ± x.
2
15. 3 x + y = 2 3 + 3 64.
3
16. 8x + 10y = 69
CG_01.indd 29 2/6/2017 3:57:53 PM

65.
a
1
2
b
1
p
1
+ 2 = 2 LEVEL II
1 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a)
66. 2 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a)
10
1 1 1 1 11. (b) 12. (a,c) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (a)
67. 2
+ 2 = 2 + 2 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (c)
a b p q
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (a, d)
68. 50 26. (c) 27. (d) 28. (b) 29. (a, b) 30. (b)
2c 2 31. (c) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (b)
69.
| ab | 36. (a) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (a)
70. (2, 6) 41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (a,bc) 44. (c) 45. (b)
71. 0 46. (d) 47. (b) 48. (d) 49. (c) 50. (a)
72. 7x – 48y + 89= 0 51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (c)
73. m=2 56. (a) 57. (c) 58. (d) 59. (c) 60. (b)
1 1 1 61. (d) 62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (a) 65. (c)
74. + + =1 66. (c) 67. (b) 68. () 69. () 70. ()
1- a 1- b 1- c
1 1
x = and y =
75.
78. 10
3 2 LEVEL III
1 5 7
81. m = - 2 and m = 1. £b£ 2. 2
2 3 2
82. 3x – y – 7 = 0 and x + 3y – 9 = 0 3. 3x + y = 0 4. y = 2
83. (2 + 3) x - y - (2 3 + 1) = 0 and 5. 2x – y + 1 = 0, 2x + y – 1 = 0
(2 - 3) x - y + (2 3 - 1) = 0 6. a0 = 1
84. 52x + 89y + 519 = 0 8. 2(2 + 2)
85. x + 2 = 0 and 7x – 24y + 182 = 0 9.
86. 9x – 7y + 3 = 0 and 7x + 9y = 41 10. (5, 3) and (–3, 5)
87. x – 7y + 13 = 0 and 7x + 7 = 7 4
11. <m<4
88. 3x + y + 7 = 0 and x – 3y = 31 5
89. 21x + 77y = 101 and 3x – y + 3 = 0 12. ...
90. 7x + 9y = 3 13. R – (–4, 0)
91. 6x – 2y = 5 14. (–2,1) and (–4, 3)
92. 21x + 77y = 101 15. -2 2
93. 6x + 2y= 5
94. 7x – 9y + 10 = 0 Ê 3 ˆ Ê1 ˆ
17. a ŒÁË - , -1˜¯ » ÁË , 1˜¯
Ê 1 2ˆ 2 2
95. ÁË , ˜¯
3 3 18. c = –1 ; (4, 4), (2, 0)
96. PQ = 6 19. y = (2 ± 3) x - 1 ± 2 3
97. (2 - 2 2, 3 + 2 2) 20. y = x.
98. (–1/10, 37/10) 21. (13/5, 0)
99. (0, 28 22. (42/25, 91/25)
100. (4, 3). 23. (6, 0) ; 2x + 3y = 12.
101. 3x – 2y + 5 = 0 24. –2 < a < 2
102. (6, 1) 25. 26x – 122y = 1675.
Ê 3 7 ˆ 26. 27.B(–7, 6); C(11/5, 2/5)
103. ÁË , ˜ 28. 52x + 89y + 519 = 0
2 2¯
29. x + 2 = 0 and 7x + 24y + 182 = 0.
105. 29x – 2y = 31
1
13 30. p =
106. 3
5
107. y=0 31. x – 7y + 13 = 0 and 7x + y = 9.
108. (70 - 37 3) x - 13y - 153 + 74 3 = 0 32. R(42/25, 91/25)
CG_01.indd 30 2/6/2017 3:57:54 PM

Straight Lines 1.31
33. 3x + y + 7 = 0 and x – 3y – 31 = 0 COMPREHENSIVE LINK PASSAGES

34. D: (6 + 2 2, - 1 - 2 2) Passage I: 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c)
or D: (2 - 2 2, 3 + 2 2) Passage II: 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b)
35. (0, 0) or (0, 5/2). Passage II: 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c)
Passage IV: 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b)
LEVEL IV Passage V:
Passage VI:
1.
1.
(b)
(b)
2.
2.
(c)
(a)
3.
3.
(b)
(b)
1. Sides are: x – 3y = 3, 3x – 2y = 16, Passage VII: 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b).
Diagonals are x + 4y = 10, 5x – 8y + 6 = 0.
MATRIX MATCH
2. 5 2
1. (A) Æ (R), (B) Æ (Q), (C) Æ (P)
Ê 3 2 - 1 ( 2 + 1) ˆ 2. (A) Æ (Q), (B) Æ (R), (S) Æ (R), (D) Æ (P)
3. C =Á , ˜
Ë 2 2 ¯ 3. (A) Æ (R), (B) Æ (Q), (C) Æ (P)
4. (4, 2) 4. (A) Æ (P), (B) Æ (R), (C) Æ (P)
5. x–y=2 5. (A) Æ (Q), (B) Æ (R), (C) Æ (P),
6. x+ y 3- 3=0 6. (A) Æ (P), (B) Æ (Q), (C) Æ (R),
Ê 1 2 ˆ 7. (A) Æ (Q), (B) Æ (R), (C) Æ (R),
7. ÁË1 ± ,1± ˜
5 5¯ (D) Æ (S),(E) Æ (T),
8. (2 - 2, 2 - 1), (2 5 + 2, 5 - 1), 29 + 2 10 8. (A) Æ (T), (B) Æ (S), (C) Æ (Q), (D) Æ (P),
9. 9x2 – 6xy + 10y2 = 9l 2 (E) Æ (R)
9. (A) Æ (R), (B) Æ (S), (C) Æ (T),
INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS (D) Æ (P), (E) Æ (Q), (F) Æ (U)
1. 8 2. 6 3. 3 4. 1 5. 1 10. (A) Æ (R), (B) Æ (P), (C) Æ (Q)
6. 5 7. 4 8. 4 9. 6 10. 7 11. (A) Æ (Q), (B) Æ (P), (C) Æ (R)
H INTS AND S OLUTIONS
LEVEL I 3. We have,
r = 2a cos 2q
Ê xˆ
(RECTANGULAR CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATES) fi r = 2a Á ˜
Ë r¯
1. We have, fi r = 2ax
2
Ê Ê 4ˆ ˆ fi (x2 + y2 = 2ax)
(3, - 4) fi Á 32 + (-4) 2 , tan -1 Á - ˜ ˜
Ë Ë 3¯ ¯ 4 We have,
Ê -1 Ê 4 ˆ ˆ x2 y 2
fi ÁË 5, - tan ÁË ˜¯ ˜¯ + =1
3 a 2 b2
and fi b2x2 + a2y2 = a2b2
Ê Ê 3ˆ ˆ fi b2r2cos2q + a2r2sin2q = a2b2
(-3, 4) fi Á (-3) 2 + (4) 2 , tan -1 Á - ˜ ˜
Ë Ë 4¯ ¯ r 2 cos 2 q r 2 sin 2 q
fi + =1
Ê -1 Ê 4 ˆ ˆ a2 b2
fi ÁË 5, p - tan ÁË ˜¯ ˜¯
3 cos 2 q sin 2 q 1
fi + = 2
2.. We have, a2 b2 r
r2 = a2 cos 2q 5. We have,
fi r2 = a2 (cos2q – sin2q) 2x2 + 3xy + 2y2 = 1
Ê x2 y 2 ˆ fi 2r2cos2q + 3r2sinq cosq + 2r2sin2q = 1
fi r 2 = a2 Á 2 - 2 ˜
Ër r ¯ fi r2(2cos2q + 3sinq cosq + 2sin2q = 1
r4 = a2(x2 – y2) 3
Ê ˆ
fi (x2 + y2)2 = a2(x2 – y2) fi r 2 Á 2 + sin 2q ˜ = 1
Ë 2 ¯
CG_01.indd 31 2/6/2017 3:57:55 PM

2 13. Let the ratio be m : n.

fi r2 = Since the point lies on y-axis, so x co-ordinate will be
(4 + 3 sin 2q )
zero.
6. The required distance 7m - 3n
Thus, =0
= a 2 (cos a - cos b ) 2 + a 2 (sin a - sin b ) 2 m+n
fi 7m – 3n = 0
= a (cos a - cos b ) 2 + (sin a - sin b ) 2 m 3
fi =
= a [(cos 2a + sin 2a ) + (cos 2 b + sin 2 b ) n 7
14. Let the ratio be l : 1.
- 2(cos a cos b + sin a sin b )]
Ê 1 - 2l 3l - 2 ˆ
Thus, the point is Á , .
= a ¥ 2 - 2 cos(a - b ) Ë l + 1 l + 1 ˜¯
= a ¥ 2(1 - cos(a - b )) Ê 1 - 2l 3l - 2 ˆ
Since, the point Á , lies on the line
Ë l + 1 l + 1 ˜¯
Êa - bˆ
= 2a sin Á
Ë 2 ˜¯ 3x + 4y = 7, we get
Ê 1 - 2l ˆ Ê 3l - 2 ˆ
7. The required distance 3Á + 4Á =7
Ë l + 1 ˜¯ Ë l + 1 ˜¯
Ê 5p p ˆ
= 32 + 7 2 - 2 ¥ 3 ¥ 7 ¥ cos Á - ˜ fi 3(1 – 2l) + 4(3l – 2) = 7l + 7
Ë 4 4¯ fi 12l – 6l – 7l = 8 + 7 – 3
= 32 + 7 2 - 2 ¥ 3 ¥ 7 ¥ cos(p ) fi l = –12
Hence, the ratio is 12 : 1 externally.
= 9 + 49 + 42 = 100 = 10 15. Let A = (1, –2) and B = (–3, 4) and the line AB is tri-
8. Let P = (x, y), A = (6, –1) and B = (2, 3). sected at P and Q, respectively.
We have, Therefore P divides A and B internally in the ratio 1 : 2
PA = PB and Q divides A and B in the ratio 2 : 1.
fi (x – 6)2 + (y + 1)2 = (x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 Ê 2 ˆ
Thus, the co-ordinates of P and Q are Á - , 0˜ and
fi x2 – 12x + 36 + y2 + 2y + 1 Ë 3 ¯
Ê 5 ˆ
= x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 – 6y + 9 ÁË - , 2˜¯ .
3
fi –12x + 36 + 2y + 1 = –4x + 4 – 6y + 9 16. Let the co-ordinates of the vertices are (x1, y1), (x2, y2),
fi –8x + 8y + 37 – 13 = 0 and (x3, y3).
fi –8x + 8y + 24 = 0 Therefore, x1 + x2 = 1, x2 + x3 = 4, x1 + x3 = 3
fi A = –8, B = 8, C = 24 fi x1 + x2 + x3 = 4
Hence, the value of A + B + C + 10 Thus, x1 = 0, x2 = 1, x3 = 3
= –8 + 8 + 24 + 10 = 34 Also, y1 + y2 = 1, y2 + y3 = 1, y3 + y1 = 2
9. We have, fi y1 + y2 + y3= 2
AB = (2 + 2) 2 + (-1 - 3) 2 = 4 2 Thus, y1 = 1, y2 = 0, y3 = 1
Hence, the vertices are (0, 1), (1, 0) and (3, 1).
BC = (2 - 4) 2 + (-1) 2 = 5 17. Let the co-ordinates of the third vertex be(x, y).
As we know that the diagonals of a parallelogram bi-
and CA = (4 + 2) 2 + (3) 2 = 45 = 3 5
sect each other.
(4 2) 2 + (3 5) 2 - ( 5) 2 x -1 1+ 2 y+2 5+3
Thus, cos A = Thus, = and =
2¥4 2 ¥3 5 2 2 2 2
fi x = 4, y = 6
32 + 45 - 5 72 3
fi cos A = = = Hence, the fourth vertex is (4, 6).
24 10 24 10 10 18. The co-ordinates of the centroid of DABC are
10. Do yourself. Ê 2 + 6 + 2 4 + 4 + 0 ˆ Ê 10 8 ˆ
ÁË , ˜¯ = ÁË , ˜¯
Ê1 ± 3 7 ± 5 3ˆ 3 3 3 3
11. ÁË , ˜
2 2 ¯ 19. Let the co-ordinates of the third vertex be (x, y).
x -1+ 5
12. Let the point be (x, y). Therefore, = 0 fi x = - 4 and
3
4+5 6-3
Thus, x = = 3, y = =1 y+4+2
2 +1 2 +1 = - 3 fi y = -15
3
Hence, the point is (3, 1). Hence, the co-ordinates of the third vertex be (–4, –15).
CG_01.indd 32 2/6/2017 3:57:55 PM

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But de Rochelle was beyond answering for the misdeeds of his life.
At the opposite edge of the clearing lay what was once a man.
Tearing savagely at the body, stood the mate of the panther that had
attacked the horse. Sensing danger, the beast raised its head to
glare at Carl, its tail swishing angrily.
Calling to von Sarnoff “Take care of that beast!” Carl sprang to
Sana’s side and freed her from her bonds. She had fainted on
seeing him at the edge of the clearing, and he picked her up
tenderly, whispering, softly, “All is well, beloved.”
Meanwhile von Sarnoff with a well directed shot had laid the panther
low.
Holding his sweetheart in his arms, Carl saw the dismal jungle
brightened with the rays of the setting sun, as Sana recovered
consciousness and with a cry of joy embraced him, realizing that she
was safe at last.
The world may be but a Fata Morgana and life an illusion to those
who keep not the faith, but to those who tend the fires of truth, the
rays of the setting sun shall be messengers of Peace.
THE END
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:
Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been
standardized.
Archaic or variant spelling has been retained.
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(Ebook pdf) Coordinate Geometry Booster for IIT JEE Main and Advanced Rejaul Makshud McGraw Hill 1st Edition - eBook PDF all chapter

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Coordinate Geometry Booster for IIT

JEE Main and Advanced Rejaul

Algebra Booster for JEE Main and Advanced Rejaul

Differential Calculus Booster with Problems and

Chemistry Module III Inorganic Chemistry for IIT JEE

Chemistry Module II Physical Chemistry II for IIT JEE

Comprehensive Trigonometry for IIT JEE, Main and

Integral Calculus 3D Geometry and Vector Booster with

Coordinate Geometry for JEE (Advanced), 3rd edition G.

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McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited

McGraw Hill Education Ofﬁces

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Published by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited

Coordinate Geometry Booster

Copyright © 2017, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.

This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers,

ISBN (13): 978-93-5260-509-5

Cover Designer: Creative Designer

visit us at: www.mheducation.co.in

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Chapter 2 Pair of Straight Lines 2.1–2.20

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Mathematical Definitions 4.3

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Equation of the Chord Bisected at a Point 6.7

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R ECTANGULAR C ARTESIAN C O - ORDINATES

CONCEPT BOOSTER 3. CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATES

The position of a point in a plane with reference to two in- P

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If a point R(x, y) divides a line segment joining the

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(iv) If DABC is an equilateral triangle,

E y1sin 2A + y2 sin 2B + y3sin 2C ˆ

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C(x3, x3) 9. LOCUS AND ITS EQUATION

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C The coordinates of a point in a plane, when the origin is

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(iii) Family of lines: Any line passing through the point of

15. IMAGE OF A POINT (x1, y1) WITH RESPECT TO A LINE

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LEVEL I (1, 2) and ( 3, 4).

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23. A square is inscribed in a DABC, whose co-ordinates 2

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(a) 3x – 7y = 8 (b) x – 7y + 2 = 0 5. The area of the triangle formed by the intersection of a