Bode Plot

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Bode Plot
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Lecture 1
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Basics of Logarithms
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Basics of frequency Response
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Basics of log
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Properties
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Properties
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Understanding the Scale of x- axis
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Why Log scale in x-axis?
To plot larger range of ω.
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Low frequency region can be expanded.
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We plot Bode Plots In Semi - Log Paper
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Limitation of Log Scale
In log scale we won’t be able to plot ω=0
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The End
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Lecture 2
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Exact Analysis
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Building Blocks of Bode Plots
Concept of Corner Frequency
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Exact Frequency Analysis
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Keypoints
Exact plots are non-linear in shape in general.
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Why dB scale in Y-axis of Magnitude Plot?
To plot larger range of Magnitude.
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Can break the factors into simple algebric Sums.
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Building Blocks of Bode Plot
Question
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Question
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KeyPoints about Corner Frequency
The frequency at which the slope of asymptote of Bode magnitude
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plot will change is known as corner frequency.
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The frequency at which error in Bode magnitude plot will be maximum
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Lecture 3
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Bode gain & Phase Plots
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Keypoints about Bode Gain Plot
A pole gives a slope of -20 dB/dec
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A zero gives a slope of +20 dB/dec
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Error will be maximum at corner frequency w.r.t exact plot
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The slope of the magnitude plot of G(jω) would tend to -20(n-m) dB/decade
as ω tends to ∞
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Keypoints about Bode Phase Plot
A pole gives a slope of -45 deg/dec
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A zero gives a slope of +45 deg/dec
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Keypoints about Bode Phase Plot
Error will be minimum at corner frequency w.r.t exact plot.
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The phase of G(jω) would tend to -90(n-m)° as ω tends to ∞
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Question
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Keypoints about Bode Plots
In control systems, Bode plots are used to describe the frequency
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response of open loop transfer function.
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Bode plot describes the relative stability of closed loop system by using
the frequency response of open loop system.
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Bode plot is a combination of two individual plots approximate
magnitude plot and approximate phase plot.
Effect of addition of poles and zeros in OLTF can be easily analysed

by using Bode plots .
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Bode Plots is analysed only for minimum phase system.

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Lecture 4
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MPS & NMPS
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Bode Plots of different functions
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MPS & NMPS
MPS = Minimum Phase System
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NMPS = Non - Minimum Phase System
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For a Minimum Phase System all the Poles & Zeros should lie on the
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left hand side of jw axis.
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Why is it called minimum phase system?
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Why we only draw Bode Plot for MPS?
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MPS & NMPS
For Minimum Phase System we can determine transfer function from
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Bode Plot either by using magnitude plot or by phase plot.
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For Non - Minimum Phase System we need both magnitude & phase
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plot to determine transfer function.
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How to draw Bode Magnitude Plot
Convert it into General time Constant format.
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Replace S by Jω for the given function to convert it into frequency domain.
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Find the DC gain.
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Identify the corner frequencies (Poles & Zeros)
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Do the algebraic sum of slopes at each corner frequencies depending
on numbers of poles/zeros
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Questions
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Lecture 5
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Bode Plots of Repeated poles and zeros
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Questions
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Questions
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Summary of Repeated Poles & Zeros
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The End
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Lecture 6
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Recovery of Transfer function from
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Asymptotic Bode Magnitude Plot
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Question
Find the DC gain of the following transfer function.
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Question
The asymptotic approximation of the log magnitude versus frequency
plot of a minimum phase system with real poles and one zero is
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shown in figure its transfer functions is
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Identification of Transfer function from Bode Plot
1. Identify the corner frequencies (Poles & Zeros)
2. Observe initial slope.It gives the number of poles or zeros at the origin.
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3. Determine the change in slope at each corner frequency
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4. Find the value of K.
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5. Write transfer function with all poles & zeros in time constant form
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and DC gain K.
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Question
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Question
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Lecture 7
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Error in Asymptotic Bode Magnitude Plot
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Analysis of Relative Stability Parameters from Bode Plots
Analysis of Steady - State Error from Asymptotic
Magnitude Plot
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Error in Magnitude at corner frequency
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Error in gain plot is always even symmetric about the corner frequency.
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Error in phase plot is always odd symmetric about corner frequency
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Relative Stability Parameters from Bode Plots
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The frequency at which the magnitude of the OLTF becomes 1.
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The frequency at which the phase of the OLTF becomes -180.
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It is the reciprocal of lG(jω)H(jω)l at phase crossover frequency.
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The additional amount of phase lag that needs to be added to
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the phase of the system at ω = ωg to bring the system to the
verge of instability.
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Question
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Steady State Error
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Positional Error Coefficient
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Velocity Error Coefficient
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Acceleration Error Coefficient
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Conclusion
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Question
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The End
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Lecture 8
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Bode Plots of Std. 2nd Order Systems
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Bode Plot of Standard 2nd Order System
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Bode Plot of Standard 2nd Order System
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Question
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The End
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Lecture 9
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Questions on Bode Plots
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Question
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Question
The asymptotic Bode plot of the transfer function K/[1+(s/a)] is given in figure.
The error in phase angle and dB gain at a frequency of ω = 0.5a are
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respectively.
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Question
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Question
Find the transfer function from the given Bode magnitude Plot.
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Find the error at the corner frequency in dBs
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The End
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Bode Plot

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Bode Plot

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The frequency at which the slope of asymptote of Bode magnitude

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