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Improving Performance On The Internet
Improving Performance On The Internet
Improving
Performance
on the Internet
W
hen it comes to achieving perfor-
mance, reliability, and scalability for
commercial-grade Web applications,
where is the biggest bottleneck? In
many cases today, we see that the
limiting bottleneck is the middle mile, or the time data Given the Internet’s bottlenecks,
spends traveling back and forth across the Internet,
between origin server and end user. how can we build fast, scalable
This wasn’t always the case. A decade ago, the last
mile was a likely culprit, with users constrained to slug- content-delivery systems?
gish dial-up modem access speeds. But recent high levels
of global broadband penetration—more than 300 million
subscribers worldwide—have not only made the last-mile
bottleneck history, they have also increased pressure on
the rest of the Internet infrastructure to keep pace.5
Performance week, customers from Cogent lost access to Telia and the
networks connected to it, and vice versa, meaning that
Cogent and Telia end users could not reach certain Web
1
Blu-ray-quality movies regularly over the Internet, the
TABLE
2
TABLE
Distance from Server to User Network Latency Typical Packet Loss Throughput (quality) 4GB DVD Download Time
Local: <100 mi. 1.6 ms 0.6% 44 Mbs (HDTV) 12 min.
Regional: 500-1,000 mi. 16 ms 0.7% 4 Mbs (not quite DVD) 2.2 hrs.
Cross continent: ~3,000 mi. 48 ms 1.0% 1 Mbs (not quite TV) 8.2 hrs.
Multi-continent: ~6,000 mi. 96 ms 1.4% 0.4 Mbs (poor) 20 hrs.