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BERESKA
Symbaluk
Sociology In Action
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A Canadian Perspective
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Edition
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Preface xx
Chapter 13: Social Change: Collective Behaviour and Social Movements 286
Chapter 14: “Going Green”: Environmental Sociology 306
Chapter 15: Globalization: The Interconnected World 330
Glossary 350
IndEX 360
vi NEL
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Detailed Contents
List of figures, boxes, and tables xii SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS 34
40
Practising Sociology: Your SYSTEMATIC AND PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION:
WHAT IS HAPPENING? 41
Sociological Toolkit 1
Multiple Methods and Mixed Methods 43
2
Through the Lens of Sociology 2
NEL v i i
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Chapter 4: Socialization: The Self SOCIOLOGY IN THEORY: WHY ARE
THERE CLASSES IN SOCIETY? 110
and Social Identity 68
STRATIFICATION IS BENEFICIAL 110
IDENTIFYING OURSELVES AND STRATIFICATION IS A BYPRODUCT OF
IDENTIFYING OTHERS 69 CAPITALISM 110
the Subjective and social nature of STRATIFICATION PRODUCES SURPLUS VALUE 112
the self 70
MAJOR INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPING SELF 70 Chapter 6: Mass Media:
SOCIOLOGY IN THEORY: DEVELOPMENT Living in the Electronic Age 118
OF THE SELF 72
MASS MEDIA PREVALENCE AND FORMS 119
I, ME, AND THE GENERALIZED OTHER 72
SELF-PERCEPTION: THE LOOKING-GLASS SELF 73 MEDIA CONSUMPTION 119
TRADITIONAL FORMS OF MASS MEDIA 119
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION 76 THE INTERNET CHANGES EVERYTHING 121
THE FAMILY 76 NEW MEDIA 122
THE SCHOOL 78
SOCIOLOGY IN THEORY 125
THE PEER GROUP 79
MEDIA 79 FUNCTIONALIST FRAMEWORK 125
CONFLICT FRAMEWORK 126
The Basic Components of Social
Structure 81 HOW THE MEDIA SHAPES OUR
PERCEPTIONS 130
STATUSES AND ROLES 81
SOCIAL GROUPS 83 THE INTERACTIONIST FRAMEWORK 130
FEMINIST FRAMEWORK 132
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS 85 The Media Reinforces Stereotyped
SOCIOLOGY IN THEORY: MAX WEBER’S Images of Women and Men 132
IDEAL TYPE OF BUREAUCRACY 85 VIOLENCE IS THE NORM IN THE MASS MEDIA 132
RESOCIALIZATION: MORE THAN POSTMODERN FRAMEWORK 136
STARTING OVER 86
CONCLUSIONS 138
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DIFFERENT FAMILY EXPERIENCES 159 Changing Families 197
SUMMARY 160 Fewer Marriages 197
SOCIOLOGY IN THEORY 161 More Common Law Unions 198
More Divorces 198
Functionalist Theories 161
More Lone Parents 199
Conflict Theories 161
More Same-Sex Couples 199
Interactionist Theories 162
Fewer Children 200
Feminist Theories 163
Is “The Family” Declining? 201
Postmodern Theories 164
Difficulties Faced by Some
Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity: Families 203
CONSEQUENCES OF ETHNIC
IDENTIFICATION 174 Chapter 10: Learning What
DIVERSE FAMILY EXPERIENCES 174 Is “True”: Religion, Science,
Diverse Economic Experiences 176 and Education 214
Relationships between Groups 177 RELIGION 216
ASSIMILATION 178 RELIGIOUS PATTERNS 217
PLURALISM 180 IMPLICATIONS OF RELIGION 218
SEGREGATION AND POPULATION TRANSFER 181 SOCIOLOGY IN THEORY 220
PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION 182 THE TRANSITION TO SCIENTIFIC
The Cognitive Component 182 “TRUTH” 222
The Affective Component 183 SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AS OBJECTIVE
The Behavioural Component 183 TRUTH 222
SOCIOLOGY IN THEORY: UNDERSTANDING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AS CONSTRUCTED 223
PREJUDICE AND RACIALIZATION 185 SOCIOLOGY IN THEORY 225
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CRIME 242 POSTMODERN PERSPECTIVES: KNOWLEDGE,
TYPES OF CRIMES AND LAWS 242 POWER, AND DISCOURSE 279
CRIME CLASSIFICATIONS AND STATISTICS 243
4
CONTROLLING CRIME: THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE
SYSTEM 246
PUNISHMENT AS SOCIAL CONTROL 247 Part
ALTERNATIVE MEASURES OF CRIMINAL
CONTROL 248 Our Changing World 285
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Sociology in Theory 319 CHARACTERISTICS OF
Environmental Sociology 319 GLOBALIZATION 334
HUMAN EXEMPTIONALISM AND TECHNOLOGICAL DIMENSION 334
THE NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM 319 ECONOMIC DIMENSION 334
Functionalist Perspectives: Ecological POLITICAL DIMENSION 335
Modernization 320 CULTURAL DIMENSION 336
Critical Perspectives: The Treadmill of
THE VISION OF GLOBALIZATION
Production 320
AND ITS REALITY: THE GOOD,
STRATEGIES FOR BETTER THE BAD, AND THE UGLY 337
ENVIRONMENTAL CHOICES 322 THE GOOD 337
Living Green: Changing the Behaviour of THE BAD AND THE UGLY 337
Individuals 322
Global Justice Movements 344
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: CHANGING
PRACTICES IN GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS 323 SOCIOLOGY IN THEORY 345
A GLOBAL CALL TO ACTION: BRINGING
Modernization Theory 345
EVERYONE ON BOARD 324
Dependency Theory 345
World Systems Theory 345
Chapter 15: Globalization: Post-Colonial Theories 346
The Interconnected World 330 Feminist Theories 346
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List of Figures, Boxes, and Tables
List of Figures Chapter 7: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality:
Deconstructing Dualisms
Chapter 1: Seeing and Acting Through Figure 7.1: Elite Discourses of Sex, Gender,
the Lens of Sociology and Sexuality 146
Figure 1.1: Personal Choices and Social Forces 5 Figure 7.2: The Good Wife’s Guide 149
Figure 1.2: What Can I Do with a Degree in Figure 7.3: Sexual Scripts 151
Sociology? 8 Figure 7.4: Occupational Profiles of Men and
Figure 1.3: The Core Theoretical Frameworks of Women (ages 25–34) (2011) 156
Sociology 17 Figure 7.5: Share of Women
Figure 1.4: The Beginners’ Guide on the Boards of Listed
to Critical Thinking 18 Companies, 2009: Canada and
Select OECD Countries 157
Chapter 2: Applying Sociological
Research Methods Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity: Defining
Figure 2.1: Deductive and Inductive Reasoning 24 Ourselves and Others
Figure 2.2: Steps in a Research Process 29 Figure 8.1: Proportion of the Aboriginal
Identity Population Who Speaks an
Figure 2.3: An Important Note to Students 36
Aboriginal Language 172
Figure 8.2: Canada—Permanent Residents,
Chapter 4: Socialization: The Self and
1860–2012 173
Social Identity
Figure 8.3: Bicultural Adaptation Patterns 176
Figure 4.1: Mead’s Stages in the Development
of the Self 73 Figure 8.4: Annual Income (2005) for
Persons of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal
Figure 4.2: Mead’s Representation of the Self: Ancestry, 2006 Census, Ages 25–44 176
The “I” and the “Me” 74
Figure 8.5: Annual Income (2005) for
Figure 4.3: Cooley’s Looking-Glass Self 74 Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Persons,
Figure 4.4: The Bullying Problem in Canada 2006 Census, Ages 25–44 176
(in percentages) 79 Figure 8.6: Relationships Between
Figure 4.5: Asch’s (1956) Experiment on Group Prejudice and Discrimination 184
Conformity 84
Chapter 9: Canadian Families: Past,
Chapter 5: Social Inequality in Present, and Future
Canadian Society
Figure 9.1: Marriage Rates, 1975–2008
Figure 5.1: They’re Richer Than You Think 100 (per 1,000 population ages 15+) 198
Figure 5.2: Regional Variation in Annual Family Figure 9.2: Common Law Unions as a
Income, Canada, 2011 102 Percentage of All Census Families 198
Figure 5.3: Food Prices in Nunavut 103 Figure 9.3: Divorce Rates, 1960–2008
(per 100,000 population, ages 15+) 199
Chapter 6: Mass Media: Living in the Figure 9.4: Percentage of Families Headed by
Electronic Age a Lone Parent, 1966 and 2011 199
Figure 6.1: Frequency of Second Screening Figure 9.5: Average Number of Children
Using Tablets and Smartphones 121 Born per Woman, 1959 and 2011 200
xii NEL
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Chapter 10: Learning What Is “True”: Chapter 15: Globalization:
Religion, Science, and Education The Interconnected World
Figure 10.1: Belief Systems 216 Figure 15.1: Early Trade Routes 332
Figure 10.2: Religious Affiliation, Figure 15.2: The International Monetary Fund,
Canada (2011) 217 World Bank, and World Trade Organization 333
Figure 10.3: Religiosity among Canadians Figure 15.3: Walmart’s Revenues versus Nation-
(Age 15 and over) 218 States’ Gross Domestic Products 335
Figure 15.4: Proportion of the World’s Wealth
Chapter 11: Social Control, Deviance, Owned by Each Quintile 338
and Crime
Figure 11.1: Types of Law 243
Figure 11.2: Police-Reported Crime Rates, List of Boxes
Canada, 1962–2012 244
Figure 11.3: Police-Reported Crime Severity
Chapter 1: Seeing and Acting Through
Index, by Province and Territory, 2012 245 Sociological Lenses
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life:
The Impact of Life Chances 5
Chapter 12: Health and Illness: Is It
“Lifestyle,” or Something More? Sociology Online: The Critical Thinking
Community 19
Figure 12.1: The Epidemiological Transition 262
Figure 12.2: Top 10 Causes of Death in
Canada (2011) 263 Chapter 2: Applying Sociological
Research Methods
Figure 12.3: Youth Smokers, by Age and
Sex (2012) 265 Sociology on Screen: Acres of Skin:
Medical Abuse Behind Bars 30
Figure 12.4: Alcohol Use by Sex (2012) 266
Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking in
Figure 12.5: Life Expectancy at Birth, by Sex, Action: Decolonization and Indigenous
Neighbourhood Income Quintiles, 2005–2007 270 Research 33
Figure 12.6: Projected Life Expectancies (2017), Sociology in Deeds: Insight into Participant
by Aboriginal Identity 272 Observation 41
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Chapter 4: Socialization: The Self Sociology in Music: Violence in Music 133
and Social Identity Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice:
Sociology in the News: The case of Ng Chhaidy— Managing Children’s Exposure to Violence 135
Who Lived in the Forest for 38 Years 72 Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life:
Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking in Media Literacy in Action 137
Action: Self-Tracking and the Creation of a
Virtual Self 76
Chapter 7: Sex, Gender, and Sexualities:
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Deconstructing Dualisms
Community: Parents Matter 77
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life:
Sociology on Screen: Modern Family 78 My Gender 146
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice: Sociology Online: Advocacy for
Children’s Rights in Canada 80 Intersexed Persons 147
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life: Sociology on Screen: Hypermasculinity in
What is Your Status Set? 82 the Media 150
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My
Chapter 5: Social Inequality in Canadian Community: Supporting Spectrums of Sex,
Society Gender, and Sexuality 152
Sociology in the News: No Running Water 94 Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life:
Sociology on Screen: Enslaved and Exploited 95 Imagining My Life Differently 152
Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life:
in Action: Blaming the Poor for Their Plight 98 The Impact of Gendered Norms in My Life 160
Sociology on Screen: Poor No More 101 Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking in
Sociology Online: The Growing Gap Project 101 Action: Parental Leave Benefits 161
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life: Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice:
Are You Above LICO? 105 Patriarchy in Canada’s Census 162
Sociology on Screen: Four Feet Up 108 Sociology on Screen: Codes of Gender 163
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My
Community: Make Poverty History Campaign 109 Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity: Defining
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice: Ourselves and Others
An Act to Eliminate Poverty 112 Sociology Online: Understanding Race 170
Sociology on Screen: Ethnic Diversity in Brooks,
Chapter 6: Mass Media: Living in the Alberta 171
Electronic Age Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life:
Sociology on Screen: Her 122 My Ethnicity 172
Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking Sociology on Screen: Bloodline, Culture, and
in Action: Mass Media as a Social Institution 126 Identity 174
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice: Sociology in Words: The Voices of Residential
Canadian Radio-Television and School Students 180
Telecommunications Commission 128 Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice:
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Multiculturalism in Canada 181
Community: Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting 129 Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life:
Sociology on Screen: Consuming Kids 131 Has Racism “All But Disappeared”? 184
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Sociology Online: The Canadian Anti-Racism Chapter 11: Social Control, Deviance,
Education and Research Society 185 and Crime
Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking in Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life:
Action: Framing Ethnicity 186 Are You Socially Controlled? 240
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice:
Community: The International Day for the Changing Views of Prostitution 246
Elimination of Racial Discrimination 187 Sociology Online: Criminal Justice in Canada 247
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice:
Chapter 9: Canadian Families: Past, The Office of the Correctional Investigator 249
Present, and Future
Sociology on Screen: Restorative Justice:
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life: Hollow Water 250
My Family 194
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life: My Community: Reducing the Stigma of
Defining My Family 197 Mental Illness 254
Sociology on Screen: The Perfect Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking in
Family Dinner 202 Action: Deviance and Social Control on
Sociology Online: Seeing the Family Decline Campus 255
Debate in Action 202
Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking in Chapter 12: Health and Illness: Is It
Action: Patriarchy and Patrilineality Today 204 “Lifestyle,” or Something More?
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My
Community: Strengthening Aboriginal Community: The Thumbs Up! Thumbs Down!
Families 205 Project 266
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice: Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life:
Parental Leave Benefits 208 How Does Alcohol Affect Your Life? 267
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in
Chapter 10: Learning What Is “True”: Practice: WHO Framework Convention on
Religion, Science, and Education Tobacco Control 269
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life: Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in
Religion in My Life 216 My Community: Canadian Mental Health
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Association 272
Community: Religion in the Lives of Canadians 218 Sociology in the News: From the Davis Inlet to
Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking in Natuashish 273
Action: Shifting Paradigms 223 Sociology Online: Population Aging in Action 276
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice: Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking in
Universal Declaration on the Human Genome Action: Improving the Health of the Nation 276
and Human Rights 224 Sociology on Screen: Pink Ribbons, Inc. 279
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice:
Education in Canada 228 Chapter 13: Social Change: Collective
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Behaviour and Social Movements
Community: Supplemental School Fees 230 Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Life:
Sociology in Music: Education as Control 231 Crowds and Entertainment 289
Sociology in Words: IQ as Oppression 232
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Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking in
Community: The Rumour Process 293 Action: Millennium Development Goals and
Sociology Online: Debunking Urban Legends 294 Beyond 347
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in My
Community: Chiropractic Folk Devils 295
Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology in Practice: List of Tables
Chiropractic Delisting 295
Chapter 2: Applying Sociological
Your Sociological Toolkit: Critical Thinking in
Action: Idle No More: A Peaceful Revolution or a Research Methods
Resistance Movement? 300 Table 2.1: Sociological Research Methods 42
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A Unique Learning System
The Sociological Toolkit
The essence of sociology lies in the sociological imagination, a cognitive skill that enables individuals
to identify the links between the micro level of individual experiences and choices and the macro level
of larger sociocultural forces. This textbook highlights the tools that are necessary to develop that skill:
empirical research methods that create verifiable knowledge; sociological theories that explain that
knowledge, and critical thinking that enables us to evaluate and to extrapolate from that knowledge.
Empirical Research Methods and Sociological Theories. Representative of the discipline of sociology, aca-
demic research based on empirical research methods and sociological theories constitute the foundation
for each chapter.
Four distinct but complementary ways of practising sociology. Unique to this textbook, four different
settings within which the sociological toolkit can be used are highlighted: in theory, in practice, in my
community, and in my life. This approach is especially effective for helping students understand how
sociology relates to their everyday lives and how academic sociology (i.e., based in theoretical and empir-
ical research) applies to real life. For example, students can more readily evaluate theoretical assumptions
when they can see how they translate into actual policy recommendations on particular issues, or how
they are communicated to the public in various forms. Students are especially able to understand the
contributions of a sociological perspective when issues are discussed using personal examples they can
consider in the context of their own lives.
NEL x v i i
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Your Sociological Toolkit: Sociology
in Theory sections highlight certain
pieces of research by formally trained
academics.
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Additional Features
The Sociological Toolkit is the organizing framework of the text. The following special features also char-
acterize it:
● Learning Objectives and Outcomes are numbered statements about the intended knowledge and/
or skills students should be able to demonstrate following a thorough reading of the chapter. The
Learning Objectives and Outcomes run throughout the body of the chapter to encourage critical,
focused reading.
● Opening quotations begin each chapter; they are well-known quotes intended to spark the reader’s
interest and set the tone for the chapter by highlighting a central concept, issue, or paradox that is
pertinent to the topic covered in that chapter.
● Sociology on Screen discusses documentaries and/or fictional films that illustrate key concepts and
processes.
● Sociology in Music includes lyrics from songs that illustrate the importance of sociological concepts
in everyday practices.
● Sociology Online details various sources of information at particular websites that demonstrate key
concepts and provide in-depth examples of topics discussed in the chapters.
● Sociology in the News contains media coverage illustrating how sociological concepts and processes
are presented in statements made to the public.
● Sociology in Words includes either the testimony of people who experience sociological concepts
first-hand or in-depth explanations by theorists who study sociological issues.
● Sociology in Deeds highlights actions of others that demonstrate sociological principles.
● Chapter Summaries are succinct examples of the kinds of responses students are expected to
provide in relation to the learning objectives and outcomes.
● Time to Review questions at the end of each main section highlight key points and provide students
with a built-in test of their mastery of the material before they proceed to the next section.
● Margin Definitions provide definitions conveniently located in the text margin beside the section
where the term is first introduced. Students can practise their understanding by accessing the
interactive flashcards online.
● Recommended Readings provide references for additional resources on specified aspects of the issues
pertinent to a given chapter.
● For Further Reflection questions present opportunities to examine chapter content in more detail
and to demonstrate a personal understanding of the key concepts and processes discussed in the
chapter.
● A Glossary of all key terms is included at the end of the text.
Copyright 2016 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content
may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Preface
Introduction by the time they finish a course in introductory soci-
ology. The following nine themes emerged as overall
Sociology is about the real world. It can be thought directives for what students should learn about in an
of as the most comprehensive social science1—one introductory sociology course:
that provides a systematic means for understanding
the interconnectedness among people, among insti- 1. The “social” part of sociology, or learning to
tutions, and between individuals and the society in think sociologically
which they live. A major objective of our textbook is 2. The scientific nature of sociology
to give you the tools to help you develop your socio- 3. Complex and critical thinking
logical imagination2 so that you can see how you (and 4. The centrality of inequality
other people) influence and are influenced by society; 5. A sense of sociology as a field
so that you can view social issues from a variety of 6. The social construction of ideas
different perspectives and critically evaluate those 7. The difference between sociology and other
perspectives (including your own); and so that you social sciences
can extrapolate from the empirical and theoretical 8. The importance of trying to improve the world
research presented in this textbook to the real world 9. The important social institutions in society
issues you or that others experience every day. The Our goal as authors was to provide a founda-
sociological imagination is not merely an intellectual tion on which those objectives can be met by those
exercise; it is the foundation for social action. We hope teaching introductory sociology, whether in class-
that by the time you finish this textbook, you will be rooms, online, or in other distance learning environ-
better equipped to engage in effective social action in ments. The feedback of our reviewers was invaluable
the context of your own families, communities, and to our efforts.
professions, as well as in the context of larger social
problems such as social inequality and environmental
degradation.
Organization
Part 1: Practising Sociology: Your Sociological
Toolkit provides students with a framework for
Overall Goal of how to think sociologically. Beginning in Chapter 1,
this Book: Helping you will start to see the fundamental connection
between individual choices and larger social forces,
Students Acquire a connection that lies at the heart of the sociological
imagination. Chapter 1 explains why the sociological
the Fundamentals imagination is important—in the 21st century, per-
of Sociology haps more important than ever before—and outlines
the tools that will help you build your own sociolog-
Persell, Pfeiffer, and Syed3 surveyed 44 pre-eminent ical imagination (empirical research methods, socio-
leaders in sociology (including ASA presidents, logical theories, critical thinking). Empirical research
regional presidents, and national grant recipients in methods are presented in detail in Chapter 2. These
sociology), asking them what students need to know methods help us move beyond commonsense ideas to
appreciate the scientific nature of sociology as a dis-
1G. Delanty, Social Science: Philosophical and Methodological cipline that provides answers to important questions.
Foundations, 2nd ed. (Buckingham: Open University Press, 2005); G. Part 2: Society and the Self: The Foundations
Delanty, “Sociology,” in Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, ed. G. Ritzer
has four chapters that constitute a foundation of soci-
(Malden: Blackwell, 2007), http:// www.blackwellreference.com.
ology as a discipline. Chapter 3 highlights the cul-
2C.W. Mills, The Sociological Imagination, 40th anniversary ed., ed. C.W.
Mills (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 3–24.
tural context of our social experiences and outlines
the basic components of culture. Chapter 4 addresses
3C.H. Persell, K.M. Pfeiffer, and A. Syed, “What Should Students
Understand After Taking Introduction to Sociology?” Teaching Sociology the role of socialization in the emergence of our own
35, no. 4 (2007): 300–14. identities and the identities we ascribe to others, as
x x NEL
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may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
well as the social structure within which socializa- However, they tend to treat the sociological
tion occurs. Chapter 5 discusses social inequality as imagination as an end in itself rather than as
a challenge for many people and as a stable feature of a means to an end. When Mills spoke of the
Canadian society. In the 21st century, the mass media sociological imagination, he emphasized its
are a key source of information and have come to play centrality in creating informed and active citi-
a central role in connecting members of society to zens. By focusing on the sociological imagina-
one another. So this section of the textbook ends with tion and social action, this textbook provides
a chapter about the mass media, including a critical the impetus for students to become more
look at how they shape our perceptions. socially aware and more active as citizens in
Part 3: The Micro and Macro of Our Everyday their communities, in society, and in the world.
Experiences has six chapters that focus on various Whether they become parents, teachers, com-
aspects of students’ own experiences. Chapters 7 munity league soccer coaches, entrepreneurs,
and 8 consider the implications of sex, gender, and or social activists trying to create meaningful
sexualities, as well as ethnicity, for who we are and social change, students will see the value in
who others say we are, as well as for socioeconomic utilizing their own sociological imaginations.
status, discrimination, and family life. Chapter ● The prevalence of social inequality. From the
9 helps us appreciate the influence, diversity, and stratification of Canadian society into distinct
changing nature of Canadian families. Chapter 10 and unequal social classes, to the differential
focuses on the various ways we come to know what treatment of men and women based on socially
is “true”—through religion, science, and the modern constructed gender differences, this book
education system—and the ways in which all three teaches students about the centrality of social
are socially constructed. Chapter 11 explores the inequality. Throughout, we emphasize how
myriad ways that people (including ourselves) are social inequality is built into Canadian society
subjected to measures of social control on a daily and how various processes and structures lead
basis, such that we are identified as deviant— to its reproduction in subsequent generations.
sometimes in noncriminal ways, other times in ●● The socially constructed nature of society.
criminal ways. Chapter 12 describes patterns of Whether we are debating how to define the
health and illness, with an emphasis on “lifestyle” family, how to describe deviance, how to
factors and social determinants of health, as well measure poverty, or even how many sexes
as the prevention and treatment of illness in the exist, this book highlights ways in which key
broader context of health care systems. concepts we tend to take for granted are actu-
Part 4: Our Changing World, discusses the ally social constructions contingent on specific
importance of collective action, social movements, historical contexts and the needs or interests of
and globalization for effecting widespread change. particular groups.
Chapter 13 discusses social change as brought about ●● Ways to engage students and instructors. Stu-
by various forms of collective behaviour and social dents need to see the relevance of sociology in
movements. Chapter 14 focuses on environmental their everyday lives as well as how this trans-
sociology as part of a global call to action on ecolog- lates into related careers. Similarly, instruc-
ical issues. Chapter 15 describes historical precursors tors need to find ways to embed sociological
to globalization; outlines technological, economic, concepts in students’ interests and course
political, cultural, and social characteristics of glo- curriculum paths. We include particular peda-
balization; and assesses the relative merits and draw- gogical features to help bring sociology alive;
backs of globalization. we then translate social issues from theory into
practice and finally into the public and per-
sonal domains. A variety of boxes are included
Underlying Themes to help students and instructors see the links
between individuals and society and the
●● The impetus for social action. All introduc- overall applicability of the discipline of soci-
tory sociology textbooks mention C. Wright ology as a means for facilitating social change.
Mills’s concept of the sociological imagination.
NEL Preface x x i
Copyright 2016 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content
may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
These boxes highlight films, music lyrics, web- students enter university with lower order
sites, media stories, the first-hand testimonies, thinking skills and that a significant number
and the actions of individuals or groups. graduate without having had sufficient oppor-
●● Built-in skill development tools for students. In tunities to develop higher order thinking
each chapter we begin with a set of learning skills. Critical thinking skills require practice,
objectives and outcomes and end with a and this chapter outlines for students how this
chapter summary that refers back to those textbook will give them opportunities for that
objectives and outcomes. Throughout the practice.
chapter, indicators draw students’ attention to
which learning objective is being addressed
in any given section. We also provide Time
to Review questions throughout each chapter
Chapter 2: Applying Sociological
so that students can see if they understand Research Methods
the main points before moving on to a new ●● Goals of sociological research
section. We end each chapter with a set of ●● Steps for conducting sociological research
recommended readings and critical reflection ●● Ethical conduct for research involving humans
tative methods
x x i i Preface NEL
Copyright 2016 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content
may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
new topics to be introduced, such as the con- on slavery in Canada’s past and human traf-
troversial Charter of Values in Quebec. ficking in Canada’s present.
●● Master status and the looking-glass self ●● Media literacy: Thinking critically about the
●● Slavery in the past and human trafficking in familial consequences of being born male or
the present female
●● Blaming the poor for their plight
NEL Preface x x i i i
Copyright 2016 Nelson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content
may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Nelson Education reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Another random document with
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tiempos", dijo justísimamente Luis Usoz en su prólogo al Cancionero
de Burlas. Hasta en el empleo de la forma epistolar en que está
escrita la mayor parte de la Cárcel de Amor se parece á la novela de
Goethe, y mucho más en las tintas lúgubres del cuadro, en lo
frenético y desgraciado de la pasión del héroe y en el suicidio con
que acaba. Nicolás Núñez, de quien hay coplas en el Cancionero
general, añadióle un remate consolatorio con canciones y
villancicos, que se imprimió en casi todas las ediciones. Pero, si
pueden advertirse defectos en la trama de la novela, el estilo y
lenguaje, elegante siempre y sonoro, sentencioso y expresivo, y no
pocas veces elocuente y fogoso, es merecedor de toda alabanza.