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vi I coNTENTS

The General Assembly 176

The Secretariat 176
The Economic and Social Council 177
The Trusteeship Council 178
The International Court of
Justice 178
Maintenance of International Peace
and Security 179
Increased Attention to Conditions Within
States 180
Intervention Within States 184
Economic and Social Questions 185
The Reform Process of the United
Nations 186
Country Level 186
Headquarters Level 187
The European Union and Other Regional
Organizations 188
The Process of European
Integration 188
Other Regional Actors: The African Union and
the Organization of American States 192
The Growth of Global Civil Society 193
Multinational Corporations 194
INGOs as Global Political Actors 197
Sources of INGO Power 200
Forms of INGO Power 201
Information Politics 201
Symbolic Politics 202
Leverage Politics 202
Accountability Politics 203
Global Campaign Politics 203
Celebrity Diplomacy 203
Foundations and Think Tanks 206
Criminal and Terrorist Networks
as Global Actors 207
Conclusion 209
FEATURES
THEORY IN PRACTICE Neoconservat ives and t he
United Nations 183
19.f11111!,JI A Global Campaign: The Baby Milk
Advocacy Network 198
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Nongovernmental
Organizat ions and Protecting the Right s of
Children 204
THINKINGABOUT GLOBAL POUIICS Who Could Help
Tomorrow? Twenty Global Problems and Global
Issues Networks 211
PART Ill: GLOBAL ISSUES
13:04MJ Global Security, Military Power,
and Terrorism 212
John Bayhs, Darryl Howlett, James 0. K1ras, Steven L Lamy, and
John Masker
Introduction 214
What Is ·security"' 215
Mainstream and Critical Approaches to Security 217
Realist and Neorealist Views on Global Security 218
Liberal Institutionalist Views on Global Security 219
The Constructivist Approach to Global Security 221
The Feminist Approach to Global Security 222
Marxist and Radical Liberal or Utopian
Approaches to Security 223
The Changing Character ofWar 224
The Nature of War 224
The Revolution in Military Affairs 226
Postmodern War 229
Globalization and New Wars 229
New Roles for NATO' 232
Nuclear Proliferation and Nonproliferation 233
Proliferation Optimism and Pessimism 234
Nuclear Weapons Effects 235
The Current Nuclear Age 237
Nuclear Motivations 238
Nuclear Capabilities and Intentions 239
Terrorism and Extremism 240
Terrorism: From Domestic to Global Phenomenon 243
The Impact of Globalization on Terrorism 245
Cultural Explanations 248
Economic Explanations 248
 CONTENTS Vii
Religion and •New" Terrorism 249 The Role of the International Community 291
The Current Challenge: The Islamic State 250 Basic Principles 294
Globalization, Technology, and Terrorism 253 Conclusion 295
Proselytizing 253 FE ATURES
Security ofTerrorist Organizations 254 ii£iiili)!ii: A Failed Intervention 279
Mobility 254 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Asian Values 281
Combating Terrorism 255 THEORY IN PRACTICE Gendered Perspective on Human
Counterterrorism Activities 256 Rights 290
Conclusion 257 THINKING ABOUT GlOBAl POLITICS What Should Be
FEATURES Done? National Interests Versus Human
if \jiiiiJ.il US Drone Warfare: A Robotic Revolution Interests 296
in Modern Combat 230
THEORY INPRACTICE The Realist-Theory Perspective
and the War on Terrorism 242
i§!Qhd Global Trade and Finance 298
GlOBAl PERSPECTIVE The Shanghai Cooperation Steven L Lamy and John Masker
Organization: Fighting Terrorism in the Former Introduction 301
Commun ist Bloc 247 The Emergence of a Global Trade and Monetary
THINKING ABOUT GlOBAl POLITICS Perspectives on the System 303
Arms Race 259 Global Trade and Finance Actors in a Globalizing
Economy 308
Cross-Border Transactions 310
83i@h;Q Human Rights and Human Open-BorderTransactions 312
Security 26o Transborder Transactions 315
Amitav Acharya, Alex J. Bellamy, Chris Brown, N1cholas J. Global Trade 317
Wheeler, Steven L lamy, and John Masker Transborder Production 317
Introduction 262 Transborder Products 318
What Are Human Rights> 264 Global Finance 321
The Liberal Account of Rights 264 Global Money 321
Human Rights and State Sovereignty 266 Global Banking 323
International Human Rights Legislation 267 Global Securities 324
The Universal Declaration of Human Global Derivatives 326
Rights 267 Continuity and Change in
Subsequent UN Legislation 269 Economic Globalization 327
Enforcement of Human Rights Legislation 270 Irregular Incidence 327
What Is Human Security? 270 The Persistence of Territory 328
Origin of the Concept 271 The Survival of the State 329
Human Security and Development 272 The Continuance of Nationalism
Human Security and Refugees 272 and Cultural Diversity 330
Common Security 274 Conclusion 331
History of Humanitarian Activism and Intervention 274 FEATUR ES
Intervention and Nonintervention in the THEORY IN PRACTICE Contending Views of
1990s 275 Capitalism 306
Universalism Challenged 278 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Globalization and "America
Humanitarian Dimensions 283 First" 313
Political and Economic Rights and Security 283 if.fiiiliJ,II Southern Debt in Global
Human Rights and Human Security During Finance 325
ConAict 285 THINKING ABOUT GlOBAl POLITICS Globalization : Productive,
Women, ConAict, and Human Security 289 Predatory, or Inconsequential? 332
viii I coNTENTs
'3:0Ah;fl
Poverty, Development, and 831!-@3;f!ol Environmental Issues 364
Hunger 334 John Vogler, Steven L. lamy, and John Masker

Caroline Thomas, St-n l . Lamy, and John Masker Introduction 366

Introduction 336 Environmental Issues on the
Poverty 338 International Agenda: A Brief History 369
Development 340 The Paris Climate Summit 2015 and 2016 373
Post-1945 International Economic Liberalism Bonn 2017 374
and the Orthodox De•elopment Model 341 The Environment and International Relations
The Post-1945 International EconomiC Order: Theory 375
Results 344 The Functions of International Environmental
Economic Development: Orthodox and Alternative Cooperation 380
Evaluations 345 Transboundary Trade and Pollullon Control 380
A Critical Alternative View of Development 347 Norm Creation 382
Democracy, Empowerment, and Development 348 Aid and Capacity Building 384
The Orthodoxy Incorporates Criticisms 350 Scientific Understanding 384
An Appraisal of the Responses of the Orthodox Governing the Commons 385
Approach to Its Critics 353 Environmental Regimes 386
Hunger 354 Climate Change 388
The Orthodox, Nature-Focused Explanation of Conclusion 394
Hunger 356 FEATURES
The Entitlement , Society-Focused Gl OBAL PERSPECTIVE The "Doomsday" Seed Vault 378
Explanation of Hunger 356 THEORI IH PRACTICE Regime Theory and the Montreal
Globalization and Hunger 359 Protocol 379
Conclusion 361 ifiiiiiiHI Common but Differentiated
FEATURES
Responsibilities? 392
lffililiUll ldeas and Development in the Contemporary THINKINGABDUl GLOBAL POllllCS The Environment: Images

Coffee-Produc1ng Sector 343 and Options 395

t•
TH EORY PRACilCE The Terms of Development 349
GlOBAl PERSPECilYE Life in Zimbabwe: Poverty, Hunger, Glossary 398
Development, and Poht1cs 352 References 413
I HIHHIHG ABDUl GLOBAl POllllCS Development Assistance as Credits 423
Foreign Policy Statecraft 362 Index 425

Amitav Acharya
Amitav Achar ya is the UNESCO Chair in Transnational
Challenges and Governance and Professor of Interna-
tional Relations at American University, Washington,
D.C. His recent books include The End of American
World Order (Polity 2013), Rethinking Power, Institutions,
and Ideas in World Politics: Whose IR? (Routledge 2013);
Why Govern? Rethinking Demand and Progress in Global
Governance, editor (Cambridge 2017) and Human Secu-
rity: From Concept to Practice, co-editor (World Scien-
tific 2ou). His articles on international relations theory,
norm diffusion, comparative regionalism, and Asian
security have appeared in International Organization,.
World Politics, International Security, journal of Peace
Research, and International Studies Quarterly.
David Armstrong
David Armstrong is Emeritus Professor of International
Relations at the University of Exeter. His books include
Revolutionary Diplomacy (California University Press
1977), The Rise ofthe International Organization (Macmil-
lan 1981), Revolution and World Order (Clarendon Press
1993), International Law and International Relations (co-
authored with Theo Farrell and Helene Lambert; Cam-
bridge University Press 2007), and Routledge Handbook
of International Law (editor; Routledge 2009).
John Baylis
John Baylis is Emeritus Professor at Swansea University.
Until his retirement in 2008 he was Professor of Politics
and International Relations and Pro-Vice-Chancellor at
the university. His PhD and DLitt are from the Uni-
versity ofWales. He is the author of more than twenty
books, the most recent of which are The Globalization
of World Politics: An Introduction to International Re-
lations (8th ed. with Steve Smith and Patricia Owens;
OUP 2019), Strategy in the Contemporary World: An
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Introduction to Strategic Studies (6th ed. with James
Wirtz and Colin S. Gray; OUP 2018), and The Brit-
ish Nuclear Experience: The Role of BeliefS, Culture and
Identity, (with Kristan Stoddart; OUP 2015).
Alex J Bellam y
Alex J. Bellamy is Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies
and Director of the Asia Pacific Centre for the Responsi-
bility to Protect at The University of Queensland, Austra-
lia. He is also Senior Adviser at the International Peace
Institute, New York. Recent books include Massacres and
Morality: Mass Atrocities in an Age of Non-Combatant Im-
munity (Oxford, 2012), Responsibility to Protect: A Deftnse
(Oxford, 2015) and East Asia's Other Miracle: Explaining
the Decline ofMass Atrocities (Oxford, 2017).
Chris Brown
Chris Brown is Emeritus Professor of International
Relations at the London School of Economics and
Political Science and the author of International Re-
lations Theory: New Normative Approaches (Columbia
1992), Understanding International Relations (Pal-
grave Macmillan 1997; 4th ed. 2009). Sovereignty,
Rights and justice (Polity 2002), Practical judgement
in International Political Theory (Routledge 2010) and
International Society, Global Polity (Sage, 2015) as well
as numerous book chapters and journal articles in
the field of international political theory. He edited
Political Restructuring in Europe: Ethical Perspectives
(Routledge 1994) and co-edited (with Terry Nardin
and N. J. Rengger) International Relations in Politi-
cal Thought: Texts from the Greeks to the First World
War (Cambr idge 2002) and (with Robyn Eckersley)
The Oxford Handbook of International Political Theory
(2018). A former Chair of the British International
Studies Association (1998/99). he was Head of the
Depar tment of International Relations at LSE from
2004 to 2007.
ix
X I ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Michael Cox
Professor Michael Cox holds a Chair in International
Relations at the London School of Economics and Po-
litical Science. He is the author, editor, and co-editor of
over twenty books, including Soft Power and US Foreign
Policy (Routledge 2010), The Global 1989 (Cambridge
University Press 2010), US Foreign Policy (Oxford Uni-
versity Press 2008), Tiventieth Century International Re-
lations (eight volumes; Sage 2oo6), E. H. Carr: A Critical
Appraisal (Palgrave 2ooo), A Farewell to Arms: Beyond
the Good Friday Agreement (2nd ed., Manchester Uni-
versity Press 2oo6), American Democracy Promotion
(Oxford University Press 2000), US Foreign Policy after
the Cold War: Superpower Without a Mission? (Pinter
1995), and The Interregnum: Controversies in World Poli-
tics, 1989-1999 (Cambridge University Press 1999). His
work has been translated into several languages, includ-
ing Japanese, Chinese, Russian, Ukrainian, German,
Italian, French, and Spanish. Formerly Chair of the
European Consortium for Political Research (2oo6-
2009) and Research Fellow at the Norwegian Nobel In-
stitute in 2002 and 2007, he is currently Chair of the
United States Discussion Group at Chatham House,
London, and Co-Director of IDEAS, a Centre for the
Study of Strategy and Diplomacy at the LS E.
Devon Curtis
Devon E. A. Curtis is Senior Lecturer in the Depart-
ment of Politics and International Studies at the
University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Emmanuel
College. Her main research interests and publications
deal with power-sharing and governance arrange-
ments following conflict, UN peace-building, the
"transformation" of rebel movements to political par-
ties in Africa, and critical perspectives on conflict,
peace-building, and development.
Tim Dunne
Tim Dunne is Executive Dean of the Faculty of Hu-
manities and Social Sciences at the University of
Queensland where he is also Professor of Interna-
tional Relations in the School of Political Science and
International Studies. Previously he was Director of
the Asia-Pacific Centre for the Responsibility to Pro-
tect, where he continues to be a Senior Researcher. He
has written and edited twelve books, including Inventing
International Society: A History of the English School
(Palgrave 1998), Liberal World Orders (co-edited with
Trine Flockhart, Oxford University Press, in associa-
tion with the British Academy 2013), and The Handbook
of the Responsibility to Protect (co-edited with Alex J.
Bellamy, Oxford University Press 2016).
Stephen Hobden
Stephen Hobden is Reader in International Relations
at the University of East London, where he teaches
courses on international relations theory. He is cur-
rently working on a research project, together with his
colleague Erika Cudworth, on complexity theory and
international relations. This has resulted in the publi-
cation of a number of articles, together with the books
Posthuman International Relations: Complexity, Ecol-
ogy and Global Politics (Zed, 2on) and The Emancipa-
tory Project of Posthumanism (Routledge, 2017).
Darryl Howlett
Darryl Howlett is Senior Lecturer in the Division of
Politics and International Relations at the University
of Southampton. His most recent publications include
NPT Briefing Book (2015 edition with John Simpson,
Hassan Elbahtimy and Isabelle Anstey; Centre for Sci-
ence and Security Studies, King's College London,
UK, in association with the James Martin Center for
Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) at the Middlebury In-
stitute of International Studies at Monterey (MilS),
(US), (with Jeffrey S. Lantis), "Strategic Culture," in
Strategy in the Contemporary World (John Baylis, James
Wirtz, Colin S. Gray, editors; 5th ed., Oxford Univer-
sity Press 2016) and "Cyber Security and the Cr itical
National Infrastructure," in Homeland Security in the
UK (Paul Wilkinson, editor; Routledge 2007).
Richard Wyn Jones
Richard Wyn Jones is Professor of Welsh Politics and
Director of the Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff
University. He has written extensively on Welsh politics,
devolution, nationalism, and security studies. His book
Security, Strategy and Critical Theory (Rienner 1999)
is regarded as an important work in the area of critical

theory. His most recent books are Wales Says Yes: The
20u Referendum and Wdsh Devolution (University of
Wales Press 2012-with Roger Scully); (in Welsh) ·y
Blaid FfrJSFPidd yng Nghymru": Plaid Cymru a·r Cyltuddiad
o Ffasgaeth (UniversityofWales Press 2013), and 'liu: Fascist
Party in Wales? Plaid Cymru, Welsh Nationalism and the
Accusation of Fascism (University of Wales Press 2014).
James D. Kiras
James D. Kiras is Professor at the School of Advanced
Air and Space Studies, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala-
bama, where he has directed the School's course of
instruction on irregular warfare for over a dozen
years. He is a Senior Fellow of the Joint Special Op-
erations University, Tampa, Florida, a Fellow of Ir-
regular Warfare Studies at the US Air Force Special
Operations School, Hurlburt Field, FL, and a found-
ing member of the Special Operations Research Asso-
ciation and its peer-reviewed publication, the Special
Operations Journa l. He worked for a number of years
in the defense policy and consulting, counterterror-
ism, and special operations, and publishes and lec-
tures regu larly on these subjects. His most recent
book. co-authored with other contributors. is in its
revised second edition: Understanding Modern Warfare
(Cambridge University Press 2016). Dr. Kiras's first
book was entitled Special Operations and Strategy: From
World War If ta the War on Terrorism (Routledge 2oo6).
Steven L Lamy
Steven L. La my is Professor of International Relations
in the School of International Relations at the Univer-
sity of Southern California. He is writing a book on the
English School theoretical traditions and the narratives
that emerge from these theories and the role they play
in shaping the foreign policies of nation-states.
John S Masker
John S. Masker is Associate Professor of Political Sci-
ence at Temple University, where he teaches interna-
tional relations and political theory. He has had visiting
appointments at Williams College, Mount Holyoke Col-
lege, and Clark University. Masker has written about
nuclear nonproliferation, Russian foreign policy, and
U.S. foreign policy.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS Xi
Tony McGrew
Anthony McGrew is Pro Vice Chancellor and Direc-
tor of the Confucius Institute, La Trobe University,
Melbourne and Emeritus Professor of Global Policy at
Strathclyde University, Glasgow.
Patricia Owens
Patricia Owens is Professor and Head of the Depart-
ment of International Relations at the University of
Sussex. She was a Visiting Professor at UCLA and
the University of Sydney, and has held research fel-
lowships at Harvard, Oxford, Princeton, UC-Berkeley,
and the University of Southern California. Her most
recent book, Economy of Forr;e: Counterinsurgency and
the Historical Rise of the Social won the 2016 Susan
Strange Prize for the Best Book in international
studies, the 2016 International Studies Association
Theory Section Best Book Award, and was Runner
up for the 2016 Francesco Guicciardi ni Prize for Best
Book in Historical International Relations.
Christian Reus-Srnit
Christian Reus-S mit is a Fellow of the Academy of the
Social Sciences in Australia, and Professor of Inter-
national Relations at the University of Queensland.
He is author of Individual Rights and the Making of
the International System (Cambridge 20tJ). American
Power and World Order (Polity Press 2004) and The
Moral Purpose of the State (Princeton University Press
1999), co-author of Special Responsibilities: Global
Problems and American Power (Cambridge Univer-
sity Press 2012), editor of The Politics of International
Law (Cambridge University Press 2004), and co-edi-
tor of The Oxford Handbook of International Relations
(Oxford University Press zoo&), Resolving Interna-
tional Crises of Legitimacy (special issue, International
Politics 2007), and Between Sovereignty and Global
Governance (Macmillan 1998).
Brian Schmidt
Brian C. Schmidt is Associate Professor of Politi-
cal Science at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
He is t he author of The Political Discourse of Anarchy:
A Disciplinary History of International Relations (SUNY
1998), Imperialism and Internationalism in the Discipline
xii I ABOUT THE AUTHORS
of International Relations, co-edited with David Long
(SUNY 2005), and International Relations and the First
Great Debate (Routledge 2012).
Len Scott
Len Scott is Emeritus Professor of International
History and Intelligence Studies at Aberystwyth Uru-
versity. His publications include: The Cuban Missile
Crisis: A Critical Reappraisal (London: Routledge, 2015),
co-edited with R. Gerald Hughes; An International
History of the Cuban Missile Crisis: A 50-~ar Retrospective
(London: Routledge, 2014), co-edited with David
Gioe and Christopher Andrew; Intelligence and
International Security: New Perspectives and Agendas
(London: Routledge, 2011), co-edited with R. Gerald
Hughes and Martin Alexander; The Cuban Missile
Crisis and the Threat of Nuclear War: Lessons from
History (London: Continuum Books, 2007).
Steve Srruth
Sir Steve Smith is Vice Chancellor, and Professor of
International Relations, at the University of Exeter.
He has held Professorships of International Relations
at the Uruversity of Wales, Aberystwyth, and the Uni-
versity of East Anglia and has also taught at the State
University of New York (Albany) and Huddersfield
Polytechnic. He was President of the International
Studies Association for 2003-2004 and was elected
to be an Acaderrucian of the Social Sciences (AcSS)
in 2000. He was the editor of the prestigious Cam-
bridge University Press f British International Stud-
ies Association series from 1986 to 2005. In 1999 he
received the Susan Strange Award of the International
Studies Association for the person who has most
challenged the received wisdom in the profession.
He is the author or editor of fifteen books, including
(with the late Professor Martin Hollis) Explaining and
Understanding International Relations (Oxford Uruver-
sity Press 1989) and (co-edited with Ken Booth and
Marysia Zalewski) International Theory: Positivism and
Beyond (Cambridge University Press 1995), and some
one hundred acaderruc papers and chapters in major
journals and edited collections. From 2009 to 2011 he
was President of Uruversities UK.
Paul Taylor
Paul Taylor is Emeritus Professor of International
Relations and, until July 2004, was the Director of the
European Institute at the London School of Econom-
ics, where he specialized in international organization
within the European Uruon and the Uruted Nations
system. Most recently he has published The End of
European Integration: Anti-Europea-nism Examined
(Routledge 2oo8), International Organization in the Age
of Globalization (Continuum 2003; paperback version
Jtme 2005), and The Careless State (Bloomsbury 2010).
He is a graduate of the University College of Wales,
Aberystwyth, and the London School of Economics.
John Vogler
John Vogler is Professor oflnternational Relations in the
School of Politics, International Relations and Environ-
ment (SPIRE) at Keele University, UK. He is a member
of the ESRC Centre for Climate Change Economics and
Policy. His books include The Global Commons: Environ-
mental and Technological Governance (John Wiley 2000)
and, with Charlotte Bretherton, The European Union as
a Global Actor (Routledge 2006). He has also edited,
with Mark Imber, The Environment and International
Relations (Routledge 1996) and, with Alan Russell, The
International Politics of Biotechnology (Manchester Uni-
versity Press 2000). His latest book is Climate Change in
World Politics (Palgravef Macmillan 2016).
Nicholas J Wheeler
Nicholas J. Wheeler is Professor of International Rela-
tions and Director of the Institute for Conflict, Cooper-
ation, and Security at the University of Bi rmingham.
His publications include: (with Ken Booth) The Se-
curity Dilemma: Fear, Cooperation, and Trust in World
Politics (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2oo8) and
Saving Strangers: Huma-nitarian Intervention in In-
ternational Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2ooo). His new book, Trusting Enemies: Interper-
sonal Relationships in International Conflict was pub-
lished by Oxford University Press in March 2018. He
is co-editor with Professor Christian Reus-Smit and
Professor Evelyn Goh of the prestigious Cambridge
Series in International Relations.
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PREFACE
e have written this ~ition of Introduction to Global Politics with an increas-
W ingly interdependent world in mind. Perhaps the word "globalization" has
become so overplayed that it has not retained much of its original force. Certainly,
recent elections in the United States, the Brexit vote in Great Britain, and elections
across Europe suggest that many citizens fear globalization and have reacted by
demanding more nationalis t and protectionist policies. In some cases this nation-
alism has become both militant and violent, and the victims are the "other"-the
refugee, the immigrant, and the minority. At the same time, there is no unifying
topic more important than globalization, no political trend of the same magnitude.
Even our everyday decisions-those as seemingly trivial and isolated as what food
to eat, what clothes to wear, what books to read, or what movies to see-affect the
quality oflife of everyone around us and of billions of people in distant countries.
Meanwhile, decisions made around the world affect our daily lives. Not only is the
world changing, becoming more complex and interconnected than ever before, but
also the nature of this course is evolving. No matter what it is called-international
relations, world politics, or global politics-the course has transformed in recent
years, asking us to examine not only relations among countries but also a broader
context of global events and issues. In this book, we therefore take a global ap-
proach that fosters an awareness of and appreciation for a variety of worldviews. To
quote the French writer Marcel Proust, we believe that "the real voyage of discovery
consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes."

A Global Approach
So what does it mean to take a "global" view of world politics? By this, we mean
two things: First, this textbook brings together academics from around the world,
drawing from a diversity of thought unmatched by other textbooks. Despite
the range of views represented here, all of the contributors teach international
relations courses, and we agree on emphasizing the challenges we all face as
members of a global community. This book thus introduces students not only to
the diversity of th inking in our field but also to its common elements.
Second, we discuss in some detail the various critical actors in global politics.
We explore the role of individual nation-states, as well as international institutions
such as the United Nations and the European Union, and critically important eco-
nomic institutions, including the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organi-
zation. We carefully assess h ow different groups and individuals have shaped these
global institutions, holding different views on how best to govern this world of nearly
two hundred independent nation-states. We also explore the growing number and
significance of nongovernmental actors, both multinational corporations, such
xxii as Nike and Starbucks, and nongovernmental organizations, such as Oxfam and
 PREFACE I xxiii

Doctors Without Borders. The entire world saw how important these actors were as
we experienced several significant events early in the m•enty-first century: the 2008
global economic crisis; the 2011 earthquake, tsunami, :and nuclear crisis in Japan,
estimated to be the most expensive disaster in history; the 2015 terror attacks in
Paris, which demonstrated that the Islamic State is more than just a regional threat;
the 20 15 Paris Climate Change Conference; and the current migrant and refugee
crisis fueled by the ongoing conflicts and violence in Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and
parts of Africa. The field is changing as the world changes. With this fifth edition of
Introduction to Global Politics, we hope to improve on the standard conversation, to
bring the introductory course more in line with today's research and to ask (and try
to answer) the kinds of questions most relevant for students of world politics today.
This textbook will introduce students to the ma instream theoretical tradi-
tions of realism and liberalism and to critical approaches that are often left out
of other tex ts, including constructivism, Marxism, feminism, and utopianism
(Chapter 3). Our goal is to introduce students to all relevant voices so they can
make an informed choice about how best to both explain and understand our
world. We clearly lay out important theories so that they illuminate the actors and
issues we discuss, rather than cloud them in ftuther mystery. In short, we hope
these pages will help each student develop a more informed worldview.

Learning Goals
An important assumption of this text is that theory matters. Every individual sees
the world through theories and uses them to organize, evaluate, and critically review
contending positions in controversial policy areas. Unfortunately, many people take
positions that Jack supporting evidence; they accept a statement or position as true
or valid because it fits with their beliefs or reinforces what they believe to be true.
After completing a course using this text, students will know more about the global
system, the most important global actors, and the issues that shape the priorities and
behavior of states and other actors in that system. This text encourages students to
approach global politics in an informed, well-reasoned, and theoretically grounded
manner. Overall, the chapters in this edition focus on four core learning objectives:

1. To develop a comprehensive understanding of the various theoretical

traditions in global politics and the roles they play.
2. To understand the relationship between theory and policy making or
problem solving in global politics.
3· To appreciate the diversity of worldviews and theoretical assumptions
that may inform political situations.
4 · To develop an understanding of the global system and thereby increase
the capacity to act or participate at various levels within it.

At the beginning of each chapter, we identify specific learning objectives that

stem from these overarching goals. The rev iew questions at the end of the chapter
check that students have met the learning objectives.
Another random document with
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February 4, 1899.
First outbreak of hostilities between the American and
Filipino forces at Manila.

February 6, 1899.
Ratification by the United States Senate of the Treaty of
Peace with Spain.
Death of General Count Georg Leo von Caprivi, formerly
chancellor of the German empire.
Death of Irving Browne, American legal writer.

February 10, 1899.

Coup d'état of Señor Cuestas, declaring himself Provisional
President of Uruguay.

February 11, 1899.

Occupation of the City of Iloilo, in the Philippine Islands,
by the American forces.

February 12, 1899.

Sale of the Caroline and the Marianne or Ladrone Islands
(excepting Guam) by Spain to Germany.

February 15, 1899.

Promulgation of a Russian imperial ukase which seriously
impairs the constitutional independence of Finland.
Death of Henry Jones ("Cavendish").

February 16, 1899.

Sudden death of François Felix Faure,
President of the French Republic.

February 18, 1899.

Election of Emile Loubet to the
presidency of the French Republic.

February 20, 1899.

 Adjournment of the Joint High Commission appointed to settle
questions in dispute between the United States and Canada.

February 23, 1899.

Funeral of the late President Faure, at Paris;
attempted revolutionary rising by the
"League of Patriots," and others.

February 24, 1899.

Death of Émile Welti, formerly President
of the Swiss Confederation.

February 25, 1899.

Death of Paul Julius de Reuter, Baron, founder of a telegraph
company and news agency.

{713}

February 28, 1899.

Defeat and resignation of the Spanish Ministry of Señor
Sagasta, on the question of the signing of the treaty of
Peace with the United States;
formation of the Ministry of Señor Silvela.
Death of Mrs. Emma Waller, English actress.

March, 1899.
Withdrawal of foreign legation guards from Peking.

March 1, 1899.
Formation of the Visayan Military District in the Philippines
under General Marcus P. Miller.
Death of Lord Herschell, English jurist.

March 3, 1899.
Creation of commission to examine and report on all possible
routes for an inter-oceanic canal, under the control and
ownership of the United States.
March 6, 1899.
Death of Princess Kaiulani, of Hawaii.

March 10, 1899.

Death of Sir Douglas Galton, British sanitary scientist.

March 11, 1899.

The signing of the treaty of peace with the United States
by the Queen of Spain, on her own responsibility.

March 13, 1899.

Death of Mr Julius Vogel,
British colonial statesman and author.

March 14, 1899.

Death of Emile Erckmann, French novelist.

March 18, 1899.

Modification of the plan of the Bureau of the American
Republics, at a conference of the representatives of
the American nations.

March 21, 1899.

Completed settlement of boundaries between English and
French claims in West Africa and the Western Sudan.

April 2, 1899.
Death of Baroness Hirsch.

April 11, 1899.

Death of Sir Monier Monier-Williams,
English philologist and Oriental scholar.

April 15, 1899.

Death of Ely Thayer, active organizer of "the Kansas crusade."
April 28, 1899.
Agreement between Great Britain and Russia concerning their
railway interests in China.

May 1, 1899.
Death of Professor Karl Christian Ludwig Büchner,
German physiologist and philosopher.

May 8, 1899.
General George W. Davis appointed Military
Governor of Porto Rico.

May 11, 1899.

Papal proclamation of the "Jubilee of the Holy Year 1900."

May 13, 1899.

Advice from the Netherlands government to President Kruger,
of the South African Republic, that he pursue a conciliatory
course towards Great Britain.

May 15, 1899.

Death of Francisque Sarcey, French essayist.

May 18, 1899.

Meeting and organization of the International Peace Conference
at The Hague.
Order by the Tzar of Russia looking to the abolition of
transportation to Siberia.

May 19, 1899.

Spanish garrison at Jolo, in the Sulu Archipelago,
replaced by American troops.

May 25, 1899.

Death of Emilio Castelar, Spanish orator and statesman.
Death of Rosa Bonheur, French artist.
May 27, 1899.
Death of Dr. Alphonse Charpentier, French physician.

May 29, 1899.

Order by President McKinley seriously modifying the
civil service rules.

May 31, 1899.

Conference at Bloemfontein between President Kruger of the
South African Republic and the British High Commissioner,
Sir Alfred Milner.

June, 1899.
International Convention respecting the liquor traffic in
Africa concluded at Brussels.

June 2, 1899.
Confession of Commandant Esterhazy, a refugee in England,
that he wrote the "bordereau" ascribed to Captain Dreyfus.

June 3, 1899.
Decision of the Court of Cassation, quashing and annulling,
in certain particulars, the judgment of condemnation
pronounced against Captain Dreyfus in 1894 and ordering a new
trial by court martial, to be held at Rennes.
Death of Johann Strauss, Austrian composer.

June 4, 1899.
Ruffianly demonstration of young French royalists against
President Loubet, at the Auteuil races; the President struck.

June 7, 1899.
Death of Augustin Daly, American theatrical manager.

June 10, 1899.

Death of John J. Lalor, American writer on
political and economic subjects.
June 12, 1899.
Resignation of the Ministry of M. Dupuy, in France;
formation of a "Government of Republican defense,"
under M. Waldeck-Rousseau.

June 15, 1899.

Meeting at Paris of the tribunal for the arbitration of the
Venezuela boundary.
Death of Representative Richard Parks Bland, of Missouri.

June 24, 1899.

Death of the Dowager Queen Kapiolani,
widow of King Kalakaua of Hawaii.

June 28-30, 1899.

Political rioting and threatened revolution at Brussels.

June 30, 1899.

Death of Mrs. E. D. E. N. Southworth, American novelist.

July 1, 1899.
Death of Charles Victor Cherbuliez, French novelist and critic.

July 6, 1899.
Death of Robert Bonner, American publisher.

July 7, 1899.
Death of George W. Julian, American anti-slavery leader.

July 10, 1899.

Death of the Grand Duke George, brother of the Tzar of Russia.

July 17, 1899.

Release of Japan from her old treaties with the Western Powers;
abolition of foreign consular courts.
July 18, 1899.
Death of Horatio Alger, American writer of stories for boys.

July 21, 1899.

Death of Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll,
American apostle of atheism.

July 22, 1899.

Organization of a half military, half autonomous government
in the Philippine island of Negros.

July 25, 1899.

Election to fill municipal offices in Porto Rico, under
orders from the Military Governor.

July 26, 1899.

Amendment of its franchise law by the South African Republic.
Assassination of General Heureaux, President of the
Dominican Republic.

July 29, 1899.

Adoption and signing of the "Final Act" of the Peace
Conference at The Hague, submitting three proposed
Conventions, three Declarations, and several other
recommendations, to the governments represented in it.

July 31, 1899.

Death of Dr. Daniel Garrison Brinton, American ethnologist.

{714}

August 1, 1899.
Proposal of the British government to that of the South
African Republic, that a joint inquiry be made as to the
effect, in practical working, of the new franchise law.

August 4, 1899.
 Renewed counsel of moderation to President Kruger, from the
Netherlands government.

August 7, 1899.
Destructive cyclone in Porto Rico.
Opening of the new trial of Captain Dreyfus by court martial
at Rennes.
A terrific hurricane in the West Indies;
loss of life estimated at 5,000.

August 9, 1899.
Passage of Act creating a national Board of Education for
England and Wales.

August 11, 1899.

Death of Dr. Charles Janeway Stillé,
American author and educator.

August 12, 1899.

Arrest of Déronlède and other pestilential Frenchmen for
revolutionary conspiracy.

August 13, 1899.

Russian imperial order declaring Talienwan a free port.

August 14, 1899.

Attempt, at Rennes, to assassinate M. Labori, one of the
counsel for Captain Dreyfus.

August 16, 1899.

Death of Professor Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen,
German chemist.

August 19, 1899.

Counter proposals from the government of the South African
Republic to that of Great Britain.
August 20, 1899.
Rioting in Paris; barricading of M. Guérin and other members
of the "Anti-Semitic League" in their headquarters,
to defy arrest.

September 4, 1899.
Death of Jean Ristics, Servian statesman.

September 6, 1899.
Proposal by the government of the United States of an
"open-door" commercial policy in China.

September 8, 1899.
Authorized publication at Berlin of a repeated declaration
that the German government had never maintained, either
directly or indirectly, any relations with Captain Dreyfus.

September 9, 1899.
Verdict of "guilty" pronounced against Dreyfus by five of
the seven members of the Rennes court martial.

September 11, 1899.

Death of Cornelius Vanderbilt, millionaire.

September 12, 1899.

Impassioned protest by M. Zola against the Rennes verdict.

September 18, 1899.

Beginning of the trial, at Paris, of Déroulède and his
fellow conspirators against the Republic.

September 19, 1899.

Pardon of Captain Dreyfus by President Loubet.

September 22, 1899.

Ending of the discussion of the Uitlander franchise question
between the British and Boer governments.
 Death of Major George Edward Pond, military author.

September 25, 1899.

Death of Consul Willshire Butterfield,
American historical writer.

September 27, 1899.

The Orange Free State makes common cause with the Transvaal
against the British.
Death of General Henry Heth, Confederate officer and historian.

October, 1899.
International Commercial Congress and National Export
Exposition at Philadelphia.

October 3, 1899.
Announcement of the decision of the tribunal of arbitration
upon the question of the boundary between Venezuela and
British Guiana.
Fall of eleven columns of the great temple at Karnak, Egypt.

October 9, 1899.
Ultimatum of the South African Republic to Great Britain.

October 10, 1899.

Reply of the British government to the Boer ultimatum.
Contract of the Maritime Canal Company of Nicaragua declared
forfeited by the Nicaraguan government.

October 12, 1899.

First act in the British-Boer war, in South Africa;
Boer invasion of Natal and of Cape Colony.

October 13, 1899.

Death of Vice-Admiral Philip Howard Colomb, of the British navy.

October 14, 1899.

 Death of Charlotte Heine, sister of Heinrich.

October 15, 1899.

Death of Lawrence Gronlund, socialist author.

October 16, 1899.

Census of Cuba and Porto Rico, taken under the direction
of the War Department of the United States.
Death of Professor Edward Orton, American geologist.

October 20, 1899.

Battle at Talana Hill, Natal, between British and Boer forces;
mortal wounding of General Sir W. Penn Symons.
Agreement between Great Britain and the United States upon a
"modus vivendi" pending the settlement of the Alaska boundary.

October 21, 1899.

Battle at Elandslaagte, in Natal.

October 25, 1899.

Death of Grant Allen, author and naturalist.

October 27, 1899.

Death of Brigadier General Guy V. Henry, late military
governor of Porto Rico.
Death of Florence Marryat (Mrs. Francis Lean), English novelist.

October 28, 1899.

Death of John Codman Ropes, American military historian.
Death of Ottmar Mergenthaler, inventor of the linotype
printing process.

October 29, 1899.

Beginning of the siege of Ladysmith, in Natal.

November 2, 1899.
Earthquake and tidal wave in the island of Ceram, one of
 the Moluccas, overwhelming many towns.

November 3, 1899.
Death of Colonel Henry Inman,
American writer on frontier history.

November 14, 1899.

Signing of treaties between Great Britain, Germany, and
the United States, relative to the Samoan Islands.
Inauguration of Juan Isidro Jiminez, President of the
Dominican Republic.

November 16, 1899.

Death of Moritz Busch, biographer of Bismarck.

November 19, 1899.

Death of Sir John William Dawson, Canadian geologist.

November 21, 1899.

Death of Garret A. Hobart,
Vice President of the United States.

November 23, 1899.

Battle of Belmont, in the South African war.

November 24, 1899.

Death of Reverend Samuel May, American abolitionist.

November 25, 1899.

Battle at Enslin, or Graspan, in the South African war.

November 28, 1899.

Battle at Modder River, in the South African war.

November 30, 1899.

Report of Isthmian Canal Commission in favor of
the Nicaragua route.
December 6, 1899.
Appointment of General Leonard Wood to the military
command and governorship of Cuba.

{715}

December 10, 1899.

Repulse of the British by the Boers at Stormberg.

December 11, 1899.

Battle at Majesfontein, in the South African war.

December 12, 1899.

Inauguration of William S. Taylor, Republican, Governor of
Kentucky, his election being disputed by Democratic opponents.

December 15, 1899.

First repulse of General Buller in attempting to pass the
Tugela River, South Africa.

December 18, 1899.

Death of Major-General Henry W. Lawton, U. S. V.
Death of Bernard Quaritch, London book dealer.

December 20, 1899.

Li Hung-chang appointed Acting Viceroy at Canton.

December 22, 1899.

Death of Dwight Lyman Moody, evangelist.

December 23, 1899.

Death of Dorman B. Eaton,
leader in American civil-service reform.

December 25, 1899.

Beginning of the "Jubilee of the Holy Year 1900," proclaimed
 by Pope Leo XIII.
Death of Elliott Coues, American naturalist.

December 30, 1899.

Death of Sir James Paget, British surgeon.

December 31, 1899.

Murder of Mr. Brooks, an English missionary,
by Chinese "Boxers" in northern Shantung.

1900.

January 1, 1900.
Abolition of Roman Law and introduction of the Civil Code
throughout Germany.
Re-election of President Diaz, of Mexico, for a sixth term.

January 5, 1900.
Death of William A. Hammond, American physician.

January 10, 1900.

Landing of Field-Marshal Lord Roberts at the Cape, to take
the British command in South Africa.

January 12, 1900.

Death of Reverend Dr. James Martineau, English divine.

January 15, 1900.

Letting of contract for building the Rapid Transit Tunnel in
New York.
Death of George W. Steevens, English war correspondent.

January 17, 1900.

Beginning of the second movement of General Buller across
the Tugela River.

January 20, 1900.

 Death of John Ruskin.

January 21, 1900.

Death of Richard Doddridge Blackmore, English novelist.
Death of the Duke of Teck.

January 23, 1900.

Futile storming of the Boer fortifications on Spion Kop
by the British troops under General Buller.

January 24, 1900.

Decree by the Chinese emperor relating to the succession
to the throne.

January 27, 1900.

"Identic note" by foreign Ministers at Peking to the
Tsung-li Yamen demanding action against the "Boxers"
in Shantung and Chihli.

January 28, 1900.

Elections to the French Senate;
substantial success of the moderate Republicans.

January 29, 1900.

Withdrawal of General Buller from beyond the Tugela.

January 30, 1900.

Assassination of Senator William Goebel,
Democratic claimant of the governorship of Kentucky.

January 31, 1900.

Report of First Philippine Commission.

February 5, 1900.
Third advance of General Buller across the Tugela River.
Signing at Washington of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty between
the United States and Great Britain, to facilitate the
 construction of an inter-oceanic canal.
Death of William Henry Gilder, arctic explorer.

February 9, 1900.
Third retirement of General Buller from the north bank
of the Tugela.

February 11, 1900.

Beginning of the advance movement of Lord Roberts from the
Modder River.

February 15, 1900.

The Boer siege of Kimberley raised by General French.

February 20, 1900.

Death of William H. Beard, American animal painter.

February 21, 1900.

Agreement of Republican and Democratic leaders in Kentucky
for a settlement of the gubernatorial question in the courts.
Death of Henry Duff Traill, English man of letters.
Death of Dr. Charles Piazzi Smyth, British astronomer.
Death of Mr. Leslie E. Keeley, originator of the "gold cure"
for the liquor habit.

February 24, 1900.

Death of Richard Hovey, American poet.

February 25, 1900.

Opening of the new ship canal from the sea to Bruges.

February 27, 1900.

Surrender of General Cronje and his army to the British,
after nine days of battle, near Paardeberg.

February 27-28, 1900.

Final passage of the Tugela by General Buller, and relief
 of Ladysmith.

March 1, 1900.
Preliminary report of the United States Industrial Commission,
on "trusts and industrial combinations."

March 5, 1900.
Overtures of peace to Lord Salisbury by Presidents Kruger
and Steyn, of the South African republics.

March 9, 1900.
Death of Edward John Phelps, American diplomatist.

March 10, 1900.

Battle of Driefontein, in the Orange Free State.
Death of Johann Feder E. Hartmann, Danish composer.

March 11, 1900.

Reply of Lord Salisbury to the Boer Presidents, declining
to assent to the independence of either of the two republics.

March 12, 1900.

Occupation of Bloemfontein, capital of the Orange Free State,
by the British forces.

March 13, 1900.

Death of Père Henri Didon, French Dominican
author and preacher.

March 14, 1900.

Approval of the Financial Bill, for reforming the monetary
system of the United States.

March 18, 1900.

Death of General Sir William Stephen Alexander Lockhart,
British military commander.
March 23, 1900.
Death of Sherman S. Rogers, American lawyer,
prominent in civil service reform.

March 25, 1900.

Rising of Ashantis and attack on the British in Kumassi.

March 26, 1900.

Death of Rabbi M. Wise, American Jewish divine.

March 27, 1900.

Death of General Pietrus Jacobus Joubert, Commandant-General
and Vice-President of the South African Republic.

March 29, 1900.

Order promulgated by the Military Governor of the Philippine
Islands providing for the election and institution of
municipal governments.
Death of Archibald Forbes, British war correspondent.

{716}

April, 1900.
Visit of Queen Victoria to Ireland.

April 1, 1900.
Death of Professor St. George Milvart,
English naturalist and scientific writer.

April 4, 1900.
Death of Ghazi Osman Nubar Pasha, Turkish general.

April 6, 1900.
Decision of the Kentucky Court of Appeals adverse to the
right of William S. Taylor to the Governor's office.

April 7, 1900.
 The Philippine Islands constituted, by order of the United
States Secretary of War, a military division, consisting
of four departments.
Appointment of the Second Philippine Commission by the
President of the United States.
Death of Frederick E. Church, American landscape painter.

April 10, 1900.

Death of Frank H. Cushing, American ethnologist.

April 12, 1900.

Act of Congress of the United States to provide revenues
and a civil government for Porto Rico.

April 14, 1900.

Opening of the Paris Exposition, with unfinished preparations.

April 17, 1900.

Cession to the United States by Samoan chiefs of the islands
in that group lying east of the 171st degree of west longitude.

April 19, 1900.

Death of Robert Alan Mowbray Stevenson, British artist.

April 21, 1900.

Meeting of the third Ecumenical Conference on Protestant
Foreign Missions, at New York.
Death of Alphonse M. Edwards, French naturalist.

April 23, 1900.

Death of George Douglas Campbell,
Duke of Argyll, Scottish author.

April 26, 1900.

Great fire in the city of Ottawa, Canada,
and the town of Hull, on the opposite shore of the river.
April 30, 1900.
Approval of an Act of the Congress of the United States
"to provide a government for the Territory of Hawaii."

May 1, 1900.
Meeting, at Rock Island, Illinois, of the national convention
of the United Christian Party, to nominate candidates for
President and Vice President of the United States.
Inauguration of civil government in Porto Rico;
induction into office of Governor Charles H. Allen.
Death of Mihaly (Michael) Munkacsy, Hungarian painter.

May 10, 1900.

Meeting of the national conventions of the two wings of the
People's Party, at Cincinnati and at Sioux Falls, to nominate
candidates for President and Vice President of the United
States.

May 16, 1900.

Dissolution of the Italian Parliament by the King.

May 18, 1900.

Relief of Mafeking, after a siege of seven months by the Boers.

May 21, 1900.

Decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that it
had no jurisdiction in the matter of the disputed governorship
of Kentucky.

May 23, 1900.

Passage of the Meat Inspection Bill in the German Reichstag.
Death of Jonas Gilman Clark, founder of Clark University.

May 24, 1900.

Proclamation by Lord Roberts of the annexation of the Orange
Free State to the dominions of the British Queen.