1

The Impact of the Capacity Development Training on the Socio-

Economic Life of Agrarian Reform Communities: The Case of Lanao

del Norte

December 2023
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Chapter I

Introduction

The socioeconomic lives of agricultural reform villages may be

significantly and in several ways impacted by capacity building training.

Redistributing land from wealthy landowners to landless farmers is the

purpose of agrarian reform, a strategy or program that aims to advance

social fairness, economic growth, and poverty alleviation. In order to

enable people and communities to manage and use the redistributed

land for sustainable socioeconomic development, capacity building

training is essential. Capacity development training is essential for

changing agrarian reform communities because it promotes sustainable

socioeconomic development, enhances agricultural practices, diversifies

sources of income, and empowers individuals. The ability of community

members to develop their skills via such training programs is typically a

key factor in the long-term success of agricultural reform projects.

In order to mitigate economic hardship among farmers the DARPO

established the Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs). The Agrarian

Reform Community (ARC) development strategy was adopted in 1993 as

an integrated approach to community development for Agrarian Reform

Beneficiaries (ARBs) .The strategy aimed to complement land distribution

with interventions to improve productivity and was later expanded as

KALAHI Agrarian Reform Zones (KARZones) to extend coverage . The ARC

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Development Strategy was further enhanced through the ARC Cluster

Development (ARC-CD), focusing on clusters of ARCs within a province

where there is a critical mass of target beneficiaries .(Limbo, 2020)

In relation to this, an effort to raise the standard of living for the

Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Organization in the Province of Lanao del

Norte, The Department of Agrarian Reform's Provincial Office (DARPO)

carried out the program's implementation and operationalization in

accordance with its declared purpose of fostering the empowerment of

the program's former beneficiaries. Among the province's agricultural

clients, the program seeks to end poverty. As part of the agrarian reform

initiative, the DARPO had previously focused primarily on allocating land

to landless farmers. With the enactment of Presidential Decree No. 27

(P.D. 27), the distribution of land in rice land areas began. Later in 1986,

the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), also known as RA

6657 and Executive Order No. 129-A, established the policy that

prioritizes the pursuit of rural development, food security, and poverty

reduction.

In totality, this Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs) development

involves various methods and strategies aimed at improving the socio-

economic conditions of the community members. The specific methods

employed can vary based on the goals of the agrarian reform program,

the needs of the community, and the available resources. The success of
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ARC development often relies on the integration of these methods,

tailored to the specific context of each community. A holistic and

participatory approach that involves the community in the planning and

implementation of development initiatives tends to yield more

sustainable and impactful results. (ARC Development Strategy, n.d.)

The DAR-Support Services Office assigned staff members to help with

ARBO organization in the province of Lanao del Norte. The staff

members served as Development Facilitators (DFs) and were DARPO-

Lanao del Norte fieldworkers. The primary duty therefore became

identifying and implementing Community Organizing (Co) initiatives to

enable smallholder farmers and agricultural producers to collaborate.

The DFs established ARBOs and allocated it to the ARC region for

knowledge transfer. The DARPO Lanao del Norte can assist in facilitating

the need to strengthen the ARC development method in order to increase

support service delivery, provided that the ARBOs are completely

organized. Therefore, it was expected that the ARCs would eventually

develop into hubs for collaboration and convergence between ARBOs and

stakeholders. The ARBOs and stakeholders may focus and make the

most use of their resources and development efforts in this growing

sector.

It is required of development facilitators to have expertise in

community organizing and group management techniques. (Sommerville,

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2023) inin order to assist the ARC in organizing itself for development,

particularly the weaker or impoverished segments, smallholder farmers.

The DF's familiarity with the organization's structures, bylaws,

regulations, and duties will be beneficial to ARBO's leaders in helping

them organize, carry out, and oversee their programs as well as carry out

this new job. Collaborating to enhance profitability and productivity,

ARBOs can facilitate access to farming inputs, modernize agriculture,

boost crop yields, enhance farmers' livelihoods, and foster the growth of

the rural economy.

Taking into account the aforementioned premises, the researcher

is very interested in learning how the organizations that benefited from

agrarian reform and served as development facilitators were able to

operationalize and execute the CARP and assist in transforming the

ARBOs into successful ARC partners. Additionally, this study report

served as inspiration for me to complete as one of the ARC implementers

in the province of Lanao del Norte.

Framework of the study

In this study, the theory that will direct the Impact of the Capacity

Development Training on the Socio-Economic Life of Agrarian Reform

Communities is anchored on Theory of Change of Weiss, 1995 which

explains or outlines the causal pathways through which Capacity

Development Training is expected to lead to positive socio-economic

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outcomes. This involves specifying the inputs, activities, outputs, and

intended short-term and long-term outcomes.

Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Socio-Economic Life of
Agrarian Reform Communities:
The Case of Lanao del Norte
Impact of the Capacity
Development Training
corrrelation

Figure 1. The Conceptual Model of the Study

The ARC’s and ARBO facilitators are the independent variables

who are the respondents of the study. Their responses were solicited to

look into the Impact of the Capacity Development Training.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of the study was to assess the extent of development

of the Agrarian Reform Communities of Lanao del Norte, the profile of the

Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs) and the competence of the

development facilitators of the Agrarian Reform Communities of Lanao

del Norte as basis in presenting proposals for social and economic

improvement.

The following sub problems were the guidelines for conducting this

study:
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1. What is the profile of the ARC’s in terms of:

1.1 Community Organizing;

1.2 Policy Implementation;

1.3 Information and technology system; and

1.4 Resource systems?

2. To what extent are the ARC’s developed in terms of:

2.1 People empowerment;

2.2 Poverty alleviation;

2.3 Quality of life;

2.4 Gender equity, and

2.5 Peace and ecological security?

3. How competent are the development facilitators in terms of:

3.1 Facility skills; and

3.2 Project management?

4. Is there a significant correlation between the extent of development

of ARC’s and:

4.1 The profile of community organizing, policy implementation,

information and technology systems, and the resource systems

of ARC’s; and

4.2 The competence of development facilitators ?

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Significance of the Study

Beneficial effects are to be gained from this study by the various

sectors. The benefits acquired by each sector are expounded here.

The Development facilitators

The study's conclusions can help development facilitators learn

successful strategies and identify areas that need improvement and may

serve as the foundation for future research or initiatives that seek to

improve or manage community transformation such as Informed

Program Design, Enhanced Effectiveness of Interventions, Evidence-

Based Decision-Making, Community Engagement and Participation, and

Policy Advocacy.

The Farmer’s Organization

This could provide as a additional basis for Enhancing their

Agricultural Practices making the members adopting more sustainable

and efficient farming methods, potentially leading to increased yields,

better crop quality, and overall improved agricultural productivity,

Strengthening Collective Action making farmers more informed and

skilled towards common goals, and Diversified their Livelihoods that

could equipped them additional skills acquired through training that

may explore alternative income-generating activities beyond traditional

agriculture, reducing vulnerability to economic fluctuations.

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Future Researcher

The results of this study could provide the necessary information for

the guidance of the researcher who makes studies in agrarian or rural

community development.

The General Public.

The study's findings can help the general public in terms of Rural

Development and Economic Growth by informing the general public

about the potential contributions of capacity development training to

rural development and economic growth. As agrarian reform

communities prosper, there is a positive spillover effect on the

surrounding areas, creating opportunities for local businesses and

improving overall economic conditions

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The purpose of this research was to determine how well the

Province of Lanao del Norte has developed its six (6) Agrarian Reform

Communities. It is an evaluation of the Department of Agrarian Reform's

development actors' abilities in project management, facilitation, and

community organizing (DAR). The Agrarian Reform Communities'

development managers and facilitators are the development actors. They

evaluate their own facilitation abilities, project management proficiencies,

and methods for community organizing. Their customers evaluate them

as well. The leader of each household represents the beneficiaries who

are farmers. Consequently, there will only be one response each family.
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In the case that the father is not there, the mother either answers on his

behalf or takes over as the family's leader. Any youngster will become

the responder if both parents are not present.

Definition of Terms

Technical terms, which are used in this study, are defined in this

section.

Agrarian Reform.

This word refers to the advancement of agriculture in all its facets.

It includes advancements in tenure, output, and auxiliary services, along

with allied establishments like public administration, rural education,

local government, and communication.

Agrarian Reform Community.

This word refers to a barangay or group of adjacent barangays

designed to demonstrate agrarian reform, a comprehensive development

initiative that improves people's quality of life, empowers people, and

promotes the sustainable growth of agricultural ingredients.

Farmers / Clients.

This is a reference to the program's farmer recipients, who make

up the majority of the town. These are the officials of the locally based

organization that is in existence and supports the program's execution.

Community Organizing.
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This phrase describes the process of determining needs and

problems, setting priorities for them, and resolving them via teamwork

and collaboration, which enhances the ability to solve issues in the

community and integrate the community. The following actions are

included in community organizing (CO):

1. Social Preparation- The community's recognition of the

significance of agrarian reform and the necessity of working

together to achieve this objective characterizes this phase.

2. Organization building.- This phase entails creating a socio-

cultural framework that promotes group decision-making,

collaborative action, and sensitivity to gender, population, and

environmental issues while collaborating with other

organizations or institutions to promote active participation in

local governance.

3. Capability building- By this phrase, the community organizing

phase is understood, encompassing initiatives designed to

provide leaders and members of the Agrarian Reform

Communities with the know-how, abilities, and mindset needed

to successfully oversee their designated social enterprises.

4. Enterprise development and alliance building- The operation of

social businesses, such as services, agricultural, and non-

agricultural livelihood initiatives and programs, among the

Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries, which meet the requirements of

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both members and non-members in the Agrarian Reform

Communities, is what defines this phase.

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform.

This phrase refers to a program designed to raise production and

revenue in rural regions while also promoting social justice by

transferring land ownership or improving the tenurial status of farmers

and tillers. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)

includes social infrastructure building in addition to land distribution in

order to empower the people and enable them to take part in important

decision-making processes that will shape their growth.

Development facilitators.

This is a reference to the different individuals who contribute in

complementary and essential ways to the creation of a sustainable

Agrarian Reform Community. The Agrarian Reform Program

Technologists, also known as Agrarian Reform Program Officer I, and the

ARC development managers of the Municipal Agrarian Reform Program

Officers are the development actors in the ARC.

Facilitating skills.

This phrase refers to the understanding and capacity of the

development actors to apply socio-political, environmental, and economic

strategies to create sustainable agrarian reform communities.

Development players must possess the following enabling abilities.

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1. Coordination- This phrase refers to the understanding and

capacity of development actors to build cooperative connections

and mutual aid agreements with other individuals and

organizations.

2. Implementation- The actual execution of tasks related to a

certain project or program is referred to by this phrase.

3. Monitoring- This phrase refers to controlling or overseeing a

project to make sure it complies with program requirements.

4. Evaluation.- This phrase refers to the process of figuring out

the advantages or usefulness of certain initiatives carried out in

conjunction with a program.

Project Management Competencies.

This phrase refers to a development player's suitability for

organizing, leading, and managing the many tasks associated with a

methodical plan or series of projects in order to achieve a number of

group goals in the next phases.

1. Pre-entry level. This stage consists of the acquisition of

knowledge and ability to promote the implementation of certain

systems, procedures, and activities to facilitate to conduct of

subsequent activities.

2. Entry level. At this stage, the facilitators or development players

are actually deployed to begin to project in the Agrarian Reform

Communities.
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3. Implementation. This stage marks the actual performance of all

activities required for fulfilling the objectives of a project.

4. Disengagement. This stage involves the development players

detachment or separation from the community as soon as

stability and self-reliance are attained.

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Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the review of literature and studies that have

significant bearing to the study. To gain understanding of the relevant

concepts, the reviews were classified under major themes and topics.

Capacity Development in Agrarian Reform Communities

An analysis of the effects of the Agrarian Reform Communities

Project (ARCP)'s supported services and rural infrastructure in the

Philippines revealed a 12% rise in average yearly income as well as a

notable increase in the ownership of production and family assets. Farm-

to-market roads have had the most impact on the communities, but land

reform is equally beneficial in decreasing rural poverty when combined

with infrastructure development and complementing support services.

(Setboonsarng, 2008)

According to another study, changing smallholder farmers'

perspectives can help them: first, shift their emphasis from scientific to

development outcomes; and second, recognize the importance of human

talents in leading and driving the implementation of programs, projects,

and project activity plans to achieve the desired results and impact.

Institutional and policy changes are also crucial in order to maintain this
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new approach to agricultural research. It also draws attention to the

lingering difficulties in creating efficient learning environments that are

required to foster ongoing innovation in the application of agricultural

research for development goals. (Mbabu & And, 2012)

Underpinned by a research that examines how capacity/skill

development training has transformed rural livelihood in Hapur, Dang, it

highlights the importance of talented and skilled young people in the

area. Utilizing a quantitative case study research technique, the study

gathered data via key informant interviews and questionnaires. The

results demonstrate how training in capacity building and skill

development improves rural livelihoods by enabling skilled young people

to contribute to household economics and social change. The study

comes to the conclusion that local training programs support the

development of teenagers' knowledge, skills, and occupational aptitudes.

This helps policymakers and planners at the local level by offering useful

recommendations. (Pasa, 2017)

On the other hand, Philippines' community-level rural

development process emphasizes the integration of financial services,

physical infrastructure, and social infrastructure. It highlights how

crucial roads are to starting the construction of other physical

infrastructure, as well as to enabling community organizing and capacity

development initiatives. The study makes the case that community

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empowerment is a prerequisite for sustainable development and

emphasizes the importance of broadening the scope of all-encompassing

development interventions. It also highlights how crucial it is to deliver

development assistance for the rural sector in a coordinated and effective

manner. The study evaluates the durability of development benefits and

looks at the cumulative impact of infrastructure and other development

interventions at the community level using panel models. It draws

attention to the low rates of loan facility repayment and the limited

uptake of contemporary agricultural technology. (Barrios, 2007)

Socio-Economic Impact Assessment

As per a report that evaluates the difficulties encountered by the

Philippine Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program and its expansion in

particular instances from five provinces in the Philippines. Support

services, which are usually financed by formal development aid from

outside rather than government funds, are mostly focused on Agrarian

Reform Communities. The economic sustainability of agrarian reform

recipients is hampered by the scarcity of support services outside of

agrarian reform communities, which also calls into question the

achievements of land distribution. It's possible that some reform

recipients received land awards on paper but were not allowed to assume

ownership or management of it. (Drbohlav et al., 2017)

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To support that, Upper Egypt's agriculture has to be improved in

order to raise export volumes and fulfill the demands of the global

market. This calls for switching from conventional to sustainable farming

methods and making use of market knowledge. To evaluate the viability

of agricultural interventions, a research study carried out risk and cost-

benefit analyses. The outcomes demonstrated the interventions' financial

viability, ability to create jobs, and minimal likelihood of negative returns.

(Ahmed & Sallam, 2020)

Additional data corroborate the impact assessment's assertion that

there is a ripple effect from money entering a community through

working households when a sizable portion of households are making a

living wage. Despite the fact that households were only worked

occasionally rather than consistently, their income level was high enough

to cover their basic demands as well as additional "investments." Many

times, these investments gave other community members the chance to

work part-time jobs. This doesn't seem to be the case for other labor-

intensive government initiatives, including relief efforts during the

drought. When it comes to how this discrepancy affects individual

households' socioeconomic circumstances, it is substantial. (SOCIO

ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY LABOUR-BASED ROAD MAINTENANCE

DEMONSTRATION PROJECT, 2002)

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Agrarian Reform and Land Redistribution:

According to an account, through the provision of sizable private

landholdings to the landless and their participation in the formulation of

national policy, agrarian reform has improved the socioeconomic

circumstances of landless farmers and advanced Philippine politics.

Peasants have a stake in society through a variety of mechanisms,

including their decision-making role in agricultural legislation, their

involvement in dialogue to resolve agricultural cases, the presentation of

manifestos outlining their criticisms and suggestions for implementing

rules and guidelines, the identification of farmer beneficiaries and lands

to be covered, negotiations on the mode of land acquisition and

distribution, and the computation of land values. These mechanisms

have had a significant impact on the democratization process and the

establishment of participatory institutions at the local and national levels.

(Moreno & Leones, 2011)

It was assumed that a number of landowners were either selecting

market-led agrarian reform (MLAR) choices to maintain efficient control

over their property, or employing land use conversions (LUCs) to avert

expropriation. However, anecdotal assertions that landowners adopted

these to safeguard private property rights have not been supported by

actual data that has undergone statistical testing. The findings indicate

that some LUC and MLAR were brought on by the possibility of

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expropriation, but in the case of the former only under high risk

scenarios. The response option should be determined by the transaction

costs connected to each of the available options, in accordance with

Cheung's theory of price control. One reason why the percentage of

expropriation-induced LUC may not have been as great as some would

want to assert is that, according to the theoretical framework, some

landowners may have chosen MLAR before taking LUC into consideration.

(Dy & Chau, 2023)

Community Development:

A study that examined the relationship between sense of

community, sustainability of community-driven projects, and community

empowerment found that sense of community played a significant

moderating role in the relationship between project sustainability and

community empowerment. As a result, community empowerment and

sustainable development reforms have the potential to positively impact

rural communities in developing nations such as Pakistan. (Ahmad &

Talib, 2014)

Both individual-level social capital and neighborhood-level social

cohesiveness are important predictors of the result, although the amount

of the effect varies significantly, according to a different research that

examined the network dynamic and collective effectiveness hypotheses.

In particular, the impacts of bridging and connecting forms of social

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capital are greater than those of any other variable on residents'

community development activity, while neighborhood-level social

cohesiveness has a little influence that is partly mediated by bonding

capital at the individual level. Furthermore, social cohesiveness at the

neighborhood level does not account for the degree to which social

capital at the person level influences the outcome. (KIM, 2006)

On the other hand, involvement in community development is

essential for encouraging effectiveness, responsibility, and openness in

the distribution of resources for community development, which will

lessen the issues of social inequality. According to the study, there are

three key elements that facilitate participation: alliance (rules,

regulations, and conflict resolution), action (community members'

involvement throughout the growth process), and actor (self-esteem). The

results shed light on the socio-cultural facets of community development

and offer strategies for encouraging involvement in various

circumstances.(Nuttavuthisit et al., 2014)

Case Studies and Best Practices:

According to a study, decision-making at all levels of a nation need

not involve consultation and involvement as a new standard. Such a

strategy will inevitably become so bogged down that people begin to lose

faith in it. Like the NSDS, though, a strong example of what can be done

and how it can be done would set expectations for how future decision-
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making must be done. If there are signs of an authorizing environment,

such as one or more people who recognize the importance and necessity

of successful participatory procedures, the display of effective

participation will have more significance. Ensuring an empowering

individual and communal involvement experience may be achieved by a

small core group that possesses the expertise to conduct efficient

consultation and participation procedures. Here, the metaphor of a

parade is once again helpful. A colorful, boisterous procession that draws

crowds is difficult to ignore. It gives voice to the need for change in favor

of economic and social growth and encourages onlookers to become

engaged, in this case, in a movement that is always self-organizing and

reconstructing. (Balm, 2008)

Government Policies and Interventions:

A study that was recently released addresses important land-

related issues in the Philippines and how they fit into the country's

development agenda and plans to reduce poverty. It addresses topics like

agriculture, land administration and management, government initiatives

on housing development and agrarian reform, and more. Land reform is

an important policy intervention in the agrarian and urban sectors, but

its implementation has been hampered by problems with land-use and

ownership. (Llanto & Ballesteros, n.d.)

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Measuring Impact and Evaluation:

The results of thorough program evaluations are useful to key

stakeholders in leadership development initiatives because they help

them make decisions that will improve population health outcomes and

remove obstacles to the development of global health leadership.

Understanding how reciprocal transformation occurs in host

organizations is crucial. Evaluations of global health leadership programs

need to consider the effects on communities and organizations in

addition to the individual trainee. To ensure that funders understand the

return on their investment, it is imperative to document long-lasting

organizational and social consequences. (Njah et al., 2021)

Rural Development and Agriculture:

According to research findings, China's rural agricultural Eco-

efficiency has developed to a considerably larger degree than rural

economic development, and the poor efficiency of rural economic

development mostly contributes to the overall low efficiency of rural

development. The efficiency value distribution indicates that the eastern

area is the most developed, with the remaining three regions having

extremely low levels of development. There has been a significant and

persistent disparity in regional development. Still, year after year, rural

development has become more efficient. (Zhuang et al., 2021)

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Furthermore, like other public investments, rural infrastructure

boosts agricultural production, which in turn spurs growth in the rural

regions and results in increased pay for agricultural workers as well as

better prospects for non-farm jobs. Increased agricultural output lowers

food costs, which helps net food purchasers in both urban and rural

areas. Therefore, agricultural production has a major impact on reducing

poverty in addition to its growth advantages. Roads and electricity have

a major role in determining agricultural output. This is in line with a

similar observation about the limitations on expansion caused by

insufficient infrastructure. Rural roads lower input and transaction costs

for rural producers and consumers while also provide vital access to

expanding markets that are close to rural regions. For rural households,

having access to electricity opens up a variety of revenue-generating

options. (Llanto, 2012)

Gender Perspectives:

According to a study, addressing gender discrimination in

agricultural practices necessitates the development and implementation

of policies that directly address the situation-specific institutional

arrangements that discriminate against women on a systemic level. The

absence of a gender mainstreaming strategy is a significant shortcoming.

Inequitable access to land, equipment, and information sources are

examples of such systems that work against women farmers' productivity

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and clearly harm the economies of nations with high rates of female

engagement in agriculture. (Farnworth, 2010)

Collaboration and Partnerships:

A different research looks into sustainable partnerships in the agri-

food industry, emphasizing partner selections and partnership structures

across time. Retailers reduced their affiliations with non-governmental

organizations (NGOs) and increased their ties with environmental

initiatives. The shift in retailers' aims from legitimacy-oriented

partnerships to competence-oriented partnerships may be reflected in

these changes in the methodology and partner selection. The report

emphasizes how crucial sustainable partnerships are becoming for

tackling social and environmental problems in the agri-food industry.

(Riandita, 2022)

In another account, the idea of cooperation in community

development initiatives is examined. The aim of this research is to

explore the notion of partnership and get a thorough comprehension of

partnership programs, which are a type of community development. The

study's conclusion defines partnership pedagogy and explains the

author's belief that developing partnerships in the field of development is

one approach to improve our institutions and make them better tools for

people to coexist and work together. (GERBER, 1996)

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Chapter III

RESEARCH METHOLODY

This chapter presents a discussion of the research design used in

the investigation, the research setting, respondents, instruments, validity

of instruments, data-gathering technique, and the statistical treatment of

the variables.

Research Design

The study uses a descriptive survey approach and is a combination

of qualitative and quantitative research. It is quantitative because, in the

Agrarian Reform Communities of Lanao del Norte, this is seen to be the

most effective way for gathering facts and providing sufficient

interpretation of respondents who are development participants and

clients.

Descriptive research often illustrates a relevant but non quantified

topic involving a well-focused research question. Once the research topic

is identified, the research design is determined, the protocol is carefully

developed, and a pilot study is undertaken. Testing instruments and

making adjustments before instigating a major study helps to ensure

that data collection is efficient and successful. All data collection should

be justified. Research methodology is defined by Leedy & Ormrod (2001)

as “the general approach the researcher takes in carrying out the

research project” (p. 14). Quantitative research involves the collection of

 27

data so that information can be quantified and subjected to statistical

treatment in order to support or refute “alternate knowledge claims”

(Creswell, 2003, p. 153). Creswell, (2002) asserts that quantitative

research originated in the physical sciences, particularly in chemistry

and physics. The researcher uses mathematical models as the

methodology of data analysis. Three historical trends pertaining to

quantitative research include research design, test and measurement

procedures, and statistical analysis. Quantitative research also involves

data collection that is typically numeric and the researcher tends to use

mathematical models as the methodology of data analysis. Additionally,

the researcher uses the inquiry methods to ensure alignment with

statistical data collection methodology

The researcher choose to use the survey because the

implementation of the CARP program in the Agrarian Reform

Communities can be well explained the retrospective and present event

in its natural setting. In this study, there are two variables, each

composed of sub-variables. Through surveys, each variable and sub-

variable can provide descriptive arguments relating to the development of

the agrarian reform beneficiaries in particular and to the agrarian reform

communities in general.
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Research Locale

This study is to be conducted in six (6) Agrarian Reform

Communities in Lanao del Norte. The ARC’s are located in Bacolod, Lala,

Maigo, Tubod, Kapatagan and Sapad.

Bacolod is a coastal municipality in the province of Lanao del

Norte. The municipality makes up 3.10 percent of Lanao del Norte's total

area with a land area of 104.10 square kilometers, or 40.19 square miles.

24,367 people were living there as of the 2020 Census. This was

equivalent to 0.49% of the whole population of the Northern Mindanao

area or 3.37% of the entire population of the province of Lanao del Norte.

These numbers are used to calculate the population density, which

comes out to 234 people per square kilometer or 606 people per square

mile. (Bacolod, Lanao Del Norte Profile – PhilAtlas, 1990)

Lala is a municipality along the sea located in the Lanao del Norte

province. The municipality makes up 4.18% of Lanao del Norte's total

area with a land area of 140.25 square kilometers, or 54.15 square miles.

73,425 people were living there as of the 2020 Census. This was

equivalent to 1.46% of the population in the Northern Mindanao area or

10.16% of the entire population of the province of Lanao del Norte. These

numbers are used to calculate the population density, which comes out
 29

to 524 people per square kilometer or 1,356 people per square mile.(Lala,

Lanao Del Norte Profile – PhilAtlas, 1990)

Maigo belongs to the province of Lanao del Norte and is a coastal

municipality. Its land area is 121.45 square kilometers, or 46.89 square

miles, making up 3.62% of the province's total area. 23,337 people were

living there as of the 2020 Census. This was equivalent to 0.46% of the

whole population of the Northern Mindanao area or 3.23% of the entire

population of the province of Lanao del Norte. These numbers are used to

calculate the population density, which comes out to 192 people per

square kilometer or 498 people per square mile.(Maigo, Lanao Del Norte

Profile – PhilAtlas, 1990)

Tubod is a municipality along the sea located in the Lanao del

Norte province. It acts as the capital of the province. The municipality

makes up 7.36% of Lanao del Norte's total area with its land area of

246.80 square kilometers, or 95.29 square miles. 50,073 people were

living there as of the 2020 Census. This was equivalent to 1.00% of the

population in the Northern Mindanao area or 6.93% of the entire

population of the province of Lanao del Norte. These numbers are used to

calculate the population density, which comes out to 203 people per

square kilometer or 525 people per square mile.

 30

Kapatagan The province of Lanao del Norte contains the coastal

municipality of Kapatagan. The municipality's land area is 250.48 square

kilometers, or 96.71 square miles, making up 7.47% of Lanao del Norte's

total area. 62,571 people were living there as of the 2020 Census. This

was equivalent to 1.25 percent of the people living in the Northern

Mindanao area or 8.66 percent of the people living in the province of

Lanao del Norte. These numbers are used to calculate the population

density, which comes out to 250 people per square kilometer or 647

people per square mile. (Kapatagan, Lanao Del Norte Profile – PhilAtlas,

1990)

Sapad In the province along the sea, Sapad is a landlocked

municipality called Lanao del Norte.The municipality makes up 4.17% of

Lanao del Norte's total area with a land area of 140.03 square kilometers,

or 54.07 square miles. 22,974 people were living there as of the 2020

Census. This accounted for 3.18% of the province of Lanao del Norte's

total population, or 0.46% of the Northern Mindanao region's total

population. Using these numbers, the population density is calculated to

be 164.

Participants of the Study

This study involves 12 development facilitators and 73 farmer

beneficiaries. The respondents were selected through purposive

sampling. The criteria for the selection of clients were involvement in all
 31

ARC activities, ability to read and write, and at least a high school

education. Table 1 contains data on the respondents of the study.

Table 1

Respondents of the Study

N = 85

2012

Development
Name of Name of facilitators Clients Total
ARC Municipality
F % F % F %
Dimapukan Bacolod 2 16.66 12 16.44 14 15.73
MBS Maigo 2 16.67 14 19.18 16 17.98
Pielsadai Lala 2 16.66 14 19.18 16 17.98
Palambo Tubod 2 16.37 14 19.18 16 17.98
Laban PTT Kapatagan 2 16.66 10 13.70 12 13.48
Bugas Sapad 2 16.67 9 12.32 11 12.36
TOTAL 12 100.0 73 100.0 85 100.0
0 0 0

Research Instruments

This study utilized two sets of questionnaires as instruments of

data collection.

Set A contains questions on the extent of the development of the

ARCs. A number of responses follow each question in this form.

Corresponding to each response are the numeric scales, which are

equivalent to the following qualitative ratings with the corresponding

descriptions.
 32

High (H), which means that the ARC’s development rating is equal

to 100%.

Above Average (AA), which means that the ARC’s development

rating is equivalent to 85% to 99%.

Below Average (BA), which means that the ARC’s development

rating is equivalent to 71% to 84%.

Average (A), which means that the ARC’s development rating is

equivalent to 71% to 84%.

Low (L), which means that the ARC’s development rating is

equivalent to 55%.

The respondents are instructed to encircle the numeral

corresponding to their response.

Set B contains questions pertaining to the community organizing

techniques used in the ARC’s. The competencies of the development

players such as their facilitating and project management skills, policy

implementation, information and technology systems, and resource

systems. The questionnaire is divided into six blocks.

5 – Always (A), which means that the techniques of community

organizing which are totally conducive to the establishment of

agrarian reform communities are used in all cases.

4 – Often (O), which means that the techniques of community

organizing which are conducive in the majority of cases to the

establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

 33

3 – Occasionally (OCC), which means that the techniques of

community organizing which are conducive in the many cases

to the establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

2 – Seldom (S), which means that the techniques of community

organizing which are conducive in a few cases to the

establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

1 – Never (N), which means that the techniques of community

organizing which are not conducive in many cases to the

establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

Blocks 1 to 4 contain questions pertaining to the community

organizing techniques. Each question in this block is followed by a

number of responses that correspond to numeric scales. The numerals

are equivalent to the following qualitative descriptions.

5 – Always (A), which means that the techniques of community

organizing which are totally conducive to the establishment of

agrarian reform communities are used in all cases.

4 – Often (O), which means that the techniques of community

organizing which are conducive in the majority of cases to the

establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

3 – Occasionally (OCC), which means that the techniques of

community organizing which are conducive in the many cases

to the establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

 34

2 – Seldom (S), which means that the techniques of community

organizing which are conducive in a few cases to the

establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

1 – Never (N), which means that the techniques of community

organizing which are not conducive in many cases to the

establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

The respondents are instructed to encircle the numerical, which

represents their responses.

Set C contains questions regarding the competence of development

players in facilitating skills and project management. Each question in

this block followed by a number of project management details.

Corresponding to each item are numeric equivalents.

5 – Very Competent (VC), which means that the development

players are highly qualified to handle all phases of program

management.

4 – Competent (C), which means that the development players are

highly qualified to handle 81% to 99% of the project

management phases.

3 – Moderately Competent (MC), which means that the

development players are highly qualified to handle 61% to 80%

of the project management phases.

 35

2 – Less Competent (LC), which means that the development

players are highly qualified to handle 21% to 60% of the project

management phases.

1 – Not Competent (NC), which means that the development

players are highly qualified to handle 20% or less of the project

management phases.

Administration of the Instrument

In addition to asking the Chairman of each municipality for

permission to conduct the study with respondents from that municipality,

the researcher also requests permission from the Regional Director of the

DAR to carry out the study. The researcher will distribute the

questionnaire to the clients and development facilitators as soon as the

arrangements, including scheduling and venue identification, are

authorized. The development facilitators evaluated the success of their

own methods for bringing people together, their facilitation abilities, and

their program management expertise. The same methods and abilities

used by the development facilitators were evaluated by the client.

The results of data were then tallied, tabulated and interpreted by

the researcher using statistical tools.

 36

Research Ethics

In compliance to Research Ethics Protocol, the researcher have to

obtain informed consent from the survey respondents specifying their

awareness to the purpose of the study, their agreement to participate as

survey respondents, their agreement to record the interview proceedings,

their freedom to disclose or not to disclose information, their freedom to

stop their participation anytime if they do not feel comfortable, their right

to be informed of the results of the study, the benefits they will get if

there will be any as a result of the study, and their right to confidentiality

of information and anonymity of their identity. In the course of the

survey, no pictures showing their faces were taken nor does identifying

feature of their houses and location.

Scoring Procedure

The responses to the questions will be tallied and tabulated.

Weights were assigned to the scales in the blocks.

The following weights were assigned to the scales in Set A.

Weight Scale

5 - High (H)

4 - Above Average (AA)

3 - Average (A)

2 - Below Average (B)

1 - Low (L)
 37

The following weights were assigned to the scales in Set B.

Weight Scale

5 - Always (A)

4 - Often (O)

3 - Occasionally (OCC)

2 - Seldom (S)

1 - Never (N)

The following weights were assigned to the scales in Set C.

Weight Scale

5 - Very Competent (VC)

4 - Competent (C)

3 - Moderately Competent (MC)

2 - Less Competent (LC)

1 - Not Competent (NC)

The weighted mean of each item was determined. The following

formula was applied:

M = fx
N

Where:

w = weighted mean

 = summation

f = number of responses under each scale

 38

x = weight assigned to the scales

N = number of responses

For the purpose of arriving at a definite interpretation of the scales.

The researcher set the following hypothetical mean range.

1. For the extent of Development of ARCS:

Range Scale

4.21 – 5.00 - High (H)

3.41 – 4.20 - Above Average (AA)

2.61 – 3.40 - Average (A)

1.81 – 2.60 - Below Average (BA)

1.00 – 1.80 - Low (L)

2. For the profile of ARC Community Organizing Techniques

Range Scale

4.21 – 5.00 - Always (A)

3.41 – 4.20 - Often (O)

2.61 – 3.40 - Occasionally (OCC)

1.81 – 2.60 - Seldom (S)

1.00 – 1.80 - Never (N)

3. For the competence of Development Players

Range Scale

4.21 – 5.00 - Very Competent (VC)

3.41 – 4.20 - Competent (C)

2.61 – 3.40 - Moderately Competent (MC)

 39

1.81 – 2.60 - Less Competent (LC)

1.00 – 1.80 - Not Competent (NC)

The hypothesis used the Pearson r product moment coefficient of

correlation. The following formulate was applied.

XY
r =
[X2] [Y2]

Where:

r = the correlation between the dependent and the

independent variable

 = summation

x = the deviation from the mean of the dependent variable

Y = the deviation from the mean of the independent

variable
PROFILE OF DEVELOPMENT PLAYERS

I. Respondent Category (Please Check)

DAR Development Player ___________________

ARC Farmer-Beneficiary ___________________

Background Information:

Age : ______________

Sex : ______________

Educational Attainment

College : ______________
 40

Degree : ______________

Year Graduated: ______________

High School : ______________

Elementary : ______________

Length of Stay in the community: ______________

Ethnic Affiliation: ______________

Available Media in the Household: ______________

______________ Radio

______________ Television

______________ Newspapers

______________ Magazines

II. Community Profile

Answer the following questions by checking any of the following:

1. Specify the location of the ARC:

________ Town proper

________ Mountain barangay

________ Hinterlands

________ Others (Please

specify):_______________________________________

2. Identify the type of community in which the ARC’s are located

________ Urban community

________ Rural community

________ Rural-urban community

 41

3. What are the public utilities/facilities available in the community?

________ Water system

________ Electricity

________ Telephone system

________ Four-wheel vehicles

________ Two-wheel vehicles

________ Telegraph system

________ Banks

________ Post Office

________ Irrigation system

________ Paved roads

________ Others (Please

specify):_______________________________________

Set A

Extent of the Development of ARC’s

(Questionnaire for Development Players

and Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries)

Each question in this form is followed by a number of responses.

Corresponding to each response are five numeric scales which are

equivalent to the following qualitative ratings with the following

descriptions:

(5) – High (H), which means that the ARC’s development rating is

equivalent to 100%.
 42

(4) – Above Average (AA), which means that the ARC’s development

rating is equivalent to 85% to 99%.

(3) – Average (A), which means that the ARC’s development rating

is equivalent to 75% to 84%.

(2) – Below Average (BA), which means that the ARC’s development

rating is equivalent to 60% to 74%.

(1) – Low (L), which means that the ARC’s development rating is

equivalent to 55%
 43

Please encircle the numerical, which represents your response to

each question.

1. To what extent are the ARC’s developed in terms of people

empowerment, as indicated by:

a. Ownership and control of land by 5 4 3 2 1

ARB’s

b. Establishment of a community 5 4 3 2 1

cooperative

c. Institution of profit-sharing techniques

for 5 4 3 2 1

cooperatives

d. Regularization of ARBs land

amortization 5 4 3 2 1

payments

e. Approval of a Five-Year Development

Plan 5 4 3 2 1

by the People’s Organization

f. Preparation and Completion of Annual

Plans 5 4 3 2 1

derived from the ARC five-year

development plan

g. Training of ARBs in small home 5 4 3 2 1

 44

industries

h. Stabilization of livelihood projects 5 4 3 2 1

i. Training of officers in the operations

and management of peoples 5 4 3 2 1

organization

j. Identification of market linkages for the

products of the community.

2. To what extent are the ARC’s developed in terms of poverty

alleviation, as indicated by:

a. Practice of improved farm 5 4 3 2 1

technologies

b. Improvement of the standard of

living of community members 5 4 3 2 1

c. Realization of a substantial amount

of surplus from crop yield 5 4 3 2 1

d. Increase of income and reduction of

poverty incidence by 30% 5 4 3 2 1

e. Acquisition of farm lot or home lot

due to earnings form stock options 5 4 3 2 1

 45

in cooperatives

f. Increase of agro-business 5 4 3 2 1

cooperatives

g. Expansion of marketing linkages 5 4 3 2 1

h. Sustenance of investments in 5 4 3 2 1

cooperatives

i. Increase of educational

opportunities for dependents 5 4 3 2 1

3. To what extent are the ARC’s developed in terms of ARB’s quality of

life as indicated by the following:

a. Increased purchasing power of basic 5 4 3 2 1

commodities

b. Ability to provide or the basic

necessities–food, clothing, shelter of 5 4 3 2 1

family members

c. Ability to upgrade their household 5 4 3 2 1

facilities

d. Ability to acquire household 5 4 3 2 1

appliances.

e. Ability to send children to the best 5 4 3 2 1

schools.

f. Capacity to raise money for the health

care of family members 5 4 3 2 1

 46

g. Capacity to provide one’s home with

utilities such as water, electricity, etc. 5 4 3 2 1

h. Social integration in the community 5 4 3 2 1

4. To what extent are the ARC’s developed in terms of gender equity

such as the following:

a. Active participation of women in the

conceptual-ization of community 5 4 3 2 1

programs

b. Active participation of women in the

implement-ation of community 5 4 3 2 1

program

c. Emphasis on the equal participation of

husband and wife in child-rearing 5 4 3 2 1

tasks.

d. Emphasis on the equal participation of

men and women in community 5 4 3 2 1

building

e. Emphasis on the equality of men and

women as community leaders 5 4 3 2 1

f. Recognition of the contribution of

women to the stabilization of the ARC 5 4 3 2 1

g. Recognition of the joint responsibility of

men and women in the management of 5 4 3 2 1

 47

community resources

5. To what extent are the ARC’s developed in terms of peace and

ecological security in the following aspects:

a. Practice of environment-friendly farm

technologies, such as the use of 5 4 3 2 1

organic fertilizers

b. Adoption of the land use plan approved

by the community 5 4 3 2 1

c. Rejection of the “kaingin” farming 5 4 3 2 1

system

d. Preservation of the natural resources 5 4 3 2 1

e. Promotion of advocacy against

environmental degradation 5 4 3 2 1

f. Observance of law and order in the 5 4 3 2 1

ARC’s

g. Observance of respect for other

community residents 5 4 3 2 1

h. Emphasis on respect for elders 5 4 3 2 1

i. Emphasis on the role of the youth in

community building 5 4 3 2 1

j. Promotion of cooperation among

community residence. 5 4 3 2 1

k. Emphasis on the role of the youth in

 48

community building. 5 4 3 2 1

l. Organization of the youth for

community development 5 4 3 2 1

Set B
PROFILE OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
BLOCK 1
Community Organizing Techniques

The questions in this block are asked for the purpose of

determining the extent to which community organizing techniques are

used in your ARC’s. Each question is followed by a number of response.

Corresponding to each response questions is followed by a number of

responses. Corresponding to each response are numeric scales. The

numerals correspond to the following qualitative scales.

(5) – Always (A), which means that techniques of community

organizing which are totally conducive to the establishment

of agrarian reform communities are used in all cases.

(4) – Often (O), which means that techniques of community

organizing which are conducive in the majority of cases to

the establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

(3) – Occasionally (OCC), which means that techniques of

community organizing which are conducive in many cases to

the establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

 49

(2) – Seldom (S), which means that techniques of community

organizing which are conducive in a few cases to the

establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

(1) – Never (N), which means that techniques of community

organizing which are not conducive in many cases to the

establishment of agrarian reform communities are used.

Please encircle the numerical which best represents your response

to each item.

1. To what extent are the following techniques of community

organizing used in the stage of social preparation?

a. Giving DAR personnel and local

government units (LGU) non-

governmental organizations (NGO) and

people’s organization (PO) orientation

on the Strategic Intervention 5 4 3 2 1

Framework for ARC Development.

b. Having a unified interpretation of the

Intervention Framework for ARC 5 4 3 2 1

Development

c. Establishing data bases on NGO/PO

partnership and Land Tenure 5 4 3 2 1

Improvement (LTI) such as:

d. Selecting potential partners and

 50

soliciting their active participation 5 4 3 2 1

e. Assisting partner NGOs and POs in

accessing funds for community 5 4 3 2 1

organizing work in the ARCs

f. Determining the phases and identifying

the interventions needed 5 4 3 2 1

g. Formulating entry plans 5 4 3 2 1

h. Promoting among the ARBs a

realization of the significance of

agrarian reform in the improvement of 5 4 3 2 1

their lives.

i. Recognizing the role of women in the

organizing process. 5 4 3 2 1

2. To what extent are the following community organizing techniques

used in the stage of organization building?

a. Developing organizations to be strong

self-reliant and capable of self- 5 4 3 2 1

governance

b. Working for ARC partnership with

other organizations or institutions 5 4 3 2 1

c. Transforming the agrarian reform

beneficiaries values towards working

 51

together in performing their tasks

which are crucial in their status as 5 4 3 2 1

owner-cultivations.

d. Identifying future leaders to be

developed as local trainors, 5 4 3 2 1

researchers, and analysis.

e. Mobilizing the support and

participation of various sectors in the 5 4 3 2 1

community

f. Facilitating linkage to other

organizations within and outside the 5 4 3 2 1

community

3. To what extent are the following community organizing techniques

used in the stage of capability building?

a. Conducting a Strategic Development

Planning Workshop in coordination

with the Beneficiaries Development 5 4 3 2 1

Coordinating Division (BDCD)

b. Reviewing the organization’s vision,

mission goals and objectives 5 4 3 2 1

c. Analyzing the organization’s strengths,

weaknesses, opportunities and threats 5 4 3 2 1

d. Outlining the programs, projects and

 52

activities and achievement of the

vision, mission, goals and objectives 5 4 3 2 1

e. Conducting a separate Strategic

Development and Planning Workshop 5 4 3 2 1

(SDPW) at the primary and federation

level

f. Formulating a five-year development

plan for ARCs 5 4 3 2 1

g. Breaking down the five-year ARC

development plan into realistic annual 5 4 3 2 1

plans.

h. Presenting the plan to the community 5 4 3 2 1

for approval.

i. Training of members on specialized or

appropriate agricultural and non- 5 4 3 2 1

agricultural based technologies

j. Establishing systems monitoring

evaluation, accounting, internal

control, lending, purchasing and 5 4 3 2 1

marketing

k. Facilitating the land transfer process 5 4 3 2 1

l. Facilitating the ARB’s registration with

the Cooperative Development Authority 5 4 3 2 1

 53

m. Promoting among the ARBs the

continuous utilization of the services of 5 4 3 2 1

the organization

4. To what extent are the following community organizing techniques

used in the stage of Enterprise Development and Alliance

Building?

a. Enhancing the organizational capability

of the ARC’s. 5 4 3 2 1

b. Widening the support base for ARC’s 5 4 3 2 1

c. Sustaining the operations of the

people’s organizations 5 4 3 2 1

d. Promoting among the ARB’s the

operation of social enterprises such as

services and agricultural and non- 5 4 3 2 1

agricultural projects and programs

e. Promoting among the ARB’s a deeper

commitment to ensure the

sustainability of the whole agrarian 5 4 3 2 1

sector.

f. Assisting the ARB’s in transforming

their newly acquired lands into

productive viable assets for their 5 4 3 2 1

sustained socio-economic upliftment

 54

g. Preparing the group for the

development player’s phasing out the 5 4 3 2 1

assistance to the ARB organizations

BLOCK 2

Extent Policy Implementation

Each question in this block is followed by a number of responses.

Corresponding to each response are given numerals representing the

following qualitative scales:

5 – Always (A)

4 – Often (O)

3 – Occasionally (OCC)

2 – Seldom (S)

1 – Never (N)

Please encircle the numeral and represents your response to each

question.

1. To what extent are the policies of the CARP frameworks

implemented ?

a. Increases of food production 5 4 3 2 1

b. Improvement of the household income

of beneficiaries 5 4 3 2 1
 55

c. Promotion of sustainable development 5 4 3 2 1

d. Improvement of the quality of life of the

beneficiaries 5 4 3 2 1

e. Promotion of agro-industrial 5 4 3 2 1

development

f. Coordination of different line agencies

in working for the implementation of 5 4 3 2 1

CARP

2. To what extent are the following policies implemented in the ARC’s

in accordance with the CARP policy statements?

a. Promotion of a conducive and

supportive environment for the

development of viable social enterprises 5 4 3 2 1

b. Application of solutions to the problem

of low income 5 4 3 2 1

c. Application of solutions to the problem

of low income 5 4 3 2 1

d. Improvement of the Agrarian Reform

Beneficiaries organization 5 4 3 2 1

e. Provision for marketing assistance to

the Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries 5 4 3 2 1

 56

f. Operation of livelihood projects in the 5 4 3 2 1

ARC’s

g. Provision of post-harvest facilities in 5 4 3 2 1

the ARC’s

h. Provision for farm to market roads in 5 4 3 2 1

the ARC’s

i. Development of lawyers and para-legal

officers to accelerate land tenure 5 4 3 2 1

improvement

j. Promotion of security tenure for farmer

beneficiaries 5 4 3 2 1

BLOCK 3

Information and Technology System

For each question, there are responses which correspond to the

following numerals with equivalent scales, such as:

5 – Always (A)

4 – Often (O)

3 – Occasionally (OCC)

2 – Seldom (S)

1 – Never (N)

Please encircle the numeral corresponding to your responses

 57

1. To what extent are these provisions for information dissemination

within the ARC’s through the following means?

a. Conduct of sectoral meetings by the 5 4 3 2 1

development facilitators

b. Conduct of regular community 5 4 3 2 1

consultations

c. Provision for a community medium of 5 4 3 2 1

information such as bulletins, circulars

and leaflets

d. House-to-house campaign 5 4 3 2 1

e. Advocacy 5 4 3 2 1

f. Radio broadcasts 5 4 3 2 1

2. To what extent are the following technology systems provided to

the ARB’s?

a. Power supply for ARC’s 5 4 3 2 1

b. Bridge and highways 5 4 3 2 1

c. Farming tools 5 4 3 2 1

d. Irrigation facilities 5 4 3 2 1

e. Public address systems 5 4 3 2 1

f. Broadcast facilities for communication

among ARB’s 5 4 3 2 1
 58

BLOCK 4

Resource System

Answer the following questions in the same way as you have answered

Block 4.

1. To what extent are the following activities undertaken for the

development of community leaders in the ARC’s?

a. Training in basic leadership skills 5 4 3 2 1

b. Training in group processes 5 4 3 2 1

c. Training in group management 5 4 3 2 1

d. Conducting self-awareness sessions 5 4 3 2 1

e. Training of community leaders to be

effective catalysts of change in their 5 4 3 2 1

respective communities

f. Conducting group-centered activities 5 4 3 2 1

g. Training in the conduct of 5 4 3 2 1

entrepreneurial activities

h. Training in the operation of post- 5 4 3 2 1

harvest facilities

i. Training in Nursery establishment 5 4 3 2 1

j. Conduct of sustainable dryland

agriculture study tour 5 4 3 2 1

2. To what extent are the following material resource used for training
 59

the farmers:

a. Equipment for agricultural pursuits 5 4 3 2 1

b. Irrigation facilities 5 4 3 2 1

c. Harvest facilities 5 4 3 2 1

d. Post-harvest facilities 5 4 3 2 1

e. Carpentry tools 5 4 3 2 1

f. Fishing gear 5 4 3 2 1

g. Generations for electric power source 5 4 3 2 1

SET C

BLOCK 1

Facilitating Skills of Development Players

Each question in this block is asked for the purpose of determining

the extent to which the skills of facilitating social preparation,

organization building, capability building and enterprise development

and alliance building are manifested by the development players.

Each question is followed by response that corresponds to numeric

scales corresponding to quantitative descriptions such as those in Block

1. Please encircle the numeral which represents your answer.

1. To what extent are the following skills of coordination manifested in

the process of community organizing?

a. Mastery of the dialect of the area 5 4 3 2 1

b. Ability to establish relationships with

 60

various agencies 5 4 3 2 1

c. Skill in conducting consultative

meetings with various agency 5 4 3 2 1

representatives.

d. Ability to communicate ideas tactfully 5 4 3 2 1

e. Ability to deal with people who are

against land transfer 5 4 3 2 1

f. Master of the people empowerment 5 4 3 2 1

process

g. Mastery of techniques of getting 5 4 3 2 1

objectives

h. Attentiveness to the needs of the people

in the ARC’s 5 4 3 2 1

2. To what extent are the following facilitating skills shown in the

implementation of the CARP project?

a. Alertness as an initiator of projects 5 4 3 2 1

b. Thorough understanding of the CARP 5 4 3 2 1

process

c. Conflict resolution 5 4 3 2 1

d. Attention to the administrative details of 5 4 3 2 1

the task

e. Initiative to go beyond the mandate of

the change objective if necessary 5 4 3 2 1

 61

f. Diplomacy and tact 5 4 3 2 1

g. Avoidance with confrontations with

deficient co-workers 5 4 3 2 1

h. Patience and helpfulness with people

who commit mistakes

i. Promotion of change that involves the

active cooperation of ARBs

3. To what extent are your facilitating skills in monitoring manifested

such as:

a. Analysis of the fitness of community

organizing techniques to the culture of 5 4 3 2 1

the ARB’s

b. Determination of the concrete benefits

of community organizing techniques to 5 4 3 2 1

the culture of the ARB’s

c. Matching of the ARBs need with the

right kind of rescue at the right time in 5 4 3 2 1

a right way

d. Generation of solutions for problems

arising during project implementation 5 4 3 2 1

e. Involvement of individual ARB’s in the 5 4 3 2 1

program
 62

f. Positive reinforcement of desirable

behavior among the ARB’s. 5 4 3 2 1

g. Promotion of improve performance,

reduced costs, and savings in time and 5 4 3 2 1

labor.

4. To what extent are the following facilitating skills manifested in the

stage of evaluation of ARC’s?

a. Determination of the slippage’s in the

various phases of community organizing 5 4 3 2 1

b. Objective reappraisal of different stages

of community organizing 5 4 3 2 1

c. Determination of the integration of

agrarian reform into existing structure 5 4 3 2 1

d. Determination of the indirect rewards of

agrarian reform 5 4 3 2 1

e. Determination of the self-renewal of

agrarian reform practices 5 4 3 2 1

f. Measure of the fitness of agrarian

reform to future needs 5 4 3 2 1

 63

BLOCK 2

COMPETENCE OF DEVELOPMENT PLAYERS IN PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

Each question in this block is followed by a number of project

management details. Corresponding to each item are numeric scales with

the following quantitative equivalents.

5 – Very Competent (VC), which means that you as a development

player are highly qualified to hands all phase of program

management.

4 – Competent (C), which means that you, as a development player,

are qualified to handle from 81% to 99% of the project

management phases.

3 – Moderately Competent (MC), which means that you, as a

development player, are qualified to handle from 61% to 89% of

the project management phases.

2 – Less Competent (LC), which means that you, as a development

player, are qualified to handle from 21% to 60% of the project

management phases.

1 – Not Competent (NC), which means that you, as a development

player, are qualified to handle from 20% or less of the project

management phases.
 64

Please encircle the numeral which best represents your response

to each item.

1. How competent are the development players in the management of

the following tasks in the pre-entry level of program management?

a. Setting in place system, procedures

and resources for project planning 5 4 3 2 1

b. Overcoming indifference among the

beneficiaries of the project 5 4 3 2 1

c. Energizing the problem-solving process 5 4 3 2 1

d. Planning ways to introduce change with

minimum resistance from beneficiaries 5 4 3 2 1

e. Planning solutions to the problems

which may possible be meet by ARCs 5 4 3 2 1

f. Facilitating the beneficiaries 5 4 3 2 1

recognition of needs

g. Making an inventory of resources 5 4 3 2 1

h. Planning ways to acquire resources 5 4 3 2 1

i. Setting ways to monitoring the

activities of the program 5 4 3 2 1

2. How competent are the development players in the performance of

the different tasks in the entry level of program management?

a. Facilitating the setting of program 5 4 3 2 1

objectives
 65

b. Ferreting out unrealistic expectations

on the part of the ARBs 5 4 3 2 1

c. Establishing among the beneficiaries

the delimitation of the development

player’s role as mainly a helper and

facilitator rather than an active 5 4 3 2 1

performer in the formation of ARC’s.

d. Clarifying the issues pertaining to 5 4 3 2 1

agrarian reform

e. Promoting among the ARBs openness to

change in the system 5 4 3 2 1

f. Identifying available resources for

implementing the program 5 4 3 2 1

g. Securing the commitment of members

of the social system to the change 5 4 3 2 1

program

h. Making use of feasibility studies for

determining appropriateness of program 5 4 3 2 1

activities

3. How competent are the development players in the following tasks

of managing the implementation of program?

a. Promoting the operation of livelihood

projects and support services delivery in 5 4 3 2 1

 66

the ARCs.

b. Promoting the improvement of the

standard of living AR’s. 5 4 3 2 1

c. Promoting the financial viability of 5 4 3 2 1

ARC’s.

d. Achieving poverty alleviation in the 5 4 3 2 1

ARCs.

e. Establishing social equity in the ARCs. 5 4 3 2 1

f. Developing plans, policies, systems, and

procedures for ARCs 5 4 3 2 1

g. Facilitating the upgrading of physical

infrastructure in the ARCs. 5 4 3 2 1

h. Reducing poverty incidence by 30% 5 4 3 2 1

i. Assisting ARB’s to forge agribusiness 5 4 3 2 1

opportunities

4. How competent are the development players in the management of

the following disengagement procedures?

a. Establishing sustained livelihood 5 4 3 2 1

projects for ARC’s

b. Building up self-renewal in the people’s

organization 5 4 3 2 1

c. Expanding membership in the people’s

organizations 5 4 3 2 1
 67

d. Expending affiliation with organizations

within and outside ARCs 5 4 3 2 1

e. Developing a sustainability plan for 5 4 3 2 1

ARCs

f. Maximizing land use in ARCs 5 4 3 2 1

g. Soliciting specific commitment to CARP

activities among ARBs 5 4 3 2 1

h. Making a follow-up of the CARP

implementation before withdrawal 5 4 3 2 1

 68

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