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 Sullivan
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CONCEPTS THROUGH FUNCTIONS
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 College
Algebra
CONCEPTS THROUGH FUNCTIONS

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 FOURTH EDITION

College
Algebra
CONCEPTS THROUGH FUNCTIONS

Michael Sullivan
Chicago State University

Michael Sullivan, III

Joliet Junior College

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Cataloging-in-Publication Data on File

1—17

ISBN 10: 0-13-4-68696-9

ISBN 13: 978-0-13-4-68696-7

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 In Memory of Mary...

Wife and Mother

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 Contents
To the Student xix

Three Distinct Series xx

The Concepts through Functions Series xxi

Preface to the Instructor xxiii

Resources for Success xxviii

Applications Index xxxi

F Foundations: A Prelude to Functions 1

F.1 The Distance and Midpoint Formulas 2
Use the Distance Formula • Use the Midpoint Formula

F.2 Graphs of Equations in Two Variables; Intercepts; Symmetry 9

Graph Equations by Plotting Points • Find Intercepts from a Graph • Find
Intercepts from an Equation • Test an Equation for Symmetry • Know How
to Graph Key Equations

F.3 Lines 19
Calculate and Interpret the Slope of a Line • Graph Lines Given a Point
and the Slope • Find the Equation of a Vertical Line • Use the Point-Slope
Form of a Line; Identify Horizontal Lines • Write the Equation of a Line in
Slope-Intercept Form • Identify the Slope and y-Intercept of a Line from
Its Equation • Find the Equation of a Line Given Two Points • Graph Lines
Written in General Form Using Intercepts • Find Equations of Parallel Lines
• Find Equations of Perpendicular Lines

F.4 Circles 34
Write the Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle • Graph a Circle
• Work with the General Form of the Equation of a Circle

Chapter Project 42

1 Functions and Their Graphs 43

1.1 Functions 44
Determine Whether a Relation Represents a Function • Find the Value of a
Function • Find the Difference Quotient of a Function • Find the Domain of a
Function Defined by an Equation • Form the Sum, Difference, Product, and
Quotient of Two Functions

1.2 The Graph of a Function 59

Identify the Graph of a Function • Obtain Information from or about the
Graph of a Function

1.3 Properties of Functions 68

Determine Even and Odd Functions from a Graph • Determine Even and
Odd Functions from the Equation • Use a Graph to Determine Where a
Function is Increasing, Decreasing, or Constant • Use a Graph to Locate Local
Maxima and Local Minima • Use a Graph to Locate the Absolute Maximum
and the Absolute Minimum • Use a Graphing Utility to Approximate Local
Maxima and Local Minima and to Determine Where a Function is Increasing
or Decreasing • Find the Average Rate of Change of a Function

xi

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 xii CONTENTS

1.4 Library of Functions; Piecewise-defined Functions 82

Graph the Functions Listed in the Library of Functions • Graph
Piecewise-defined Functions

1.5 Graphing Techniques: Transformations 93

Graph Functions Using Vertical and Horizontal Shifts • Graph Functions
Using Compressions and Stretches • Graph Functions Using Reflections
about the x-Axis and the y-Axis

1.6 Mathematical Models: Building Functions 106

Build and Analyze Functions

1.7 Building Mathematical Models Using Variation 111

Construct a Model Using Direct Variation • Construct a Model Using
Inverse Variation • Construct a Model Using Joint or Combined Variation

Chapter Review 117

Chapter Test 121

Chapter Projects 122

2 Linear and Quadratic Functions 124

2.1 Properties of Linear Functions and Linear Models 125
Graph Linear Functions • Use Average Rate of Change to Identify Linear
Functions • Determine Whether a Linear Function Is Increasing, Decreasing,
or Constant • Find the Zero of a Linear Function • Build Linear Models
from Verbal Descriptions

2.2 Building Linear Models from Data 136

Draw and Interpret Scatter Diagrams • Distinguish between Linear and
Nonlinear Relations • Use a Graphing Utility to Find the Line of Best Fit

2.3 Quadratic Functions and Their Zeros 144

Find the Zeros of a Quadratic Function by Factoring • Find the Zeros of a
Quadratic Function Using the Square Root Method • Find the Zeros of a
Quadratic Function by Completing the Square • Find the Zeros of a Quadratic
Function Using the Quadratic Formula • Find the Point of Intersection of Two
Functions • Solve Equations That Are Quadratic in Form

2.4 Properties of Quadratic Functions 155

Graph a Quadratic Function Using Transformations • Identify the Vertex
and Axis of Symmetry of a Quadratic Function • Graph a Quadratic
Function Using Its Vertex, Axis, and Intercepts • Find a Quadratic
Function Given Its Vertex and One Other Point • Find the Maximum or
Minimum Value of a Quadratic Function

2.5 Inequalities Involving Quadratic Functions 167

Solve Inequalities Involving a Quadratic Function

2.6 Building Quadratic Models from Verbal

Descriptions and from Data 171
Build Quadratic Models from Verbal Descriptions • Build Quadratic Models
from Data

2.7 Complex Zeros of a Quadratic Function 181

Find the Complex Zeros of a Quadratic Function

2.8 Equations and Inequalities Involving the Absolute

Value Function 185
Solve Absolute Value Equations • Solve Absolute Value Inequalities

Chapter Review 190

Chapter Test 193

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 CONTENTS xiii

Cumulative Review 194

Chapter Projects 195

3 Polynomial and Rational Functions 197

3.1 Polynomial Functions and Models 198
Identify Polynomial Functions and Their Degree • Graph Polynomial
Functions Using Transformations • Identify the Real Zeros of a Polynomial
Function and Their Multiplicity • Analyze the Graph of a Polynomial
Function • Build Cubic Models from Data

3.2 The Real Zeros of a Polynomial Function 219

Use the Remainder and Factor Theorems • Use Descartes’ Rule of Signs to
Determine the Number of Positive and the Number of Negative Real Zeros
of a Polynomial Function • Use the Rational Zeros Theorem to List the
Potential Rational Zeros of a Polynomial Function • Find the Real Zeros of
a Polynomial Function • Solve Polynomial Equations • Use the Theorem for
Bounds on Zeros • Use the Intermediate Value Theorem

3.3 Complex Zeros; Fundamental Theorem of Algebra 234

Use the Conjugate Pairs Theorem • Find a Polynomial Function with
Specified Zeros • Find the Complex Zeros of a Polynomial Function

3.4 Properties of Rational Functions 240

Find the Domain of a Rational Function • Find the Vertical Asymptotes
of a Rational Function • Find the Horizontal or Oblique Asymptote of a
Rational Function

3.5 The Graph of a Rational Function 251

Analyze the Graph of a Rational Function • Solve Applied Problems
Involving Rational Functions

3.6 Polynomial and Rational Inequalities 266

Solve Polynomial Inequalities • Solve Rational Inequalities

Chapter Review 273

Chapter Test 277

Cumulative Review 277

Chapter Projects 278

4 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 280

4.1 Composite Functions 281
Form a Composite Function • Find the Domain of a Composite Function

4.2 One-to-One Functions; Inverse Functions 289

Determine Whether a Function Is One-to-One • Determine the Inverse of a
Function Defined by a Map or a Set of Ordered Pairs • Obtain the Graph of
the Inverse Function from the Graph of the Function • Find the Inverse of a
Function Defined by an Equation

4.3 Exponential Functions 302

Evaluate Exponential Functions • Graph Exponential Functions • Define
the Number e • Solve Exponential Equations

4.4 Logarithmic Functions 318

Change Exponential Statements to Logarithmic Statements and Logarithmic
Statements to Exponential Statements • Evaluate Logarithmic Expressions
• Determine the Domain of a Logarithmic Function • Graph Logarithmic
Functions • Solve Logarithmic Equations

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 xiv CONTENTS

4.5 Properties of Logarithms 332

Work with Properties of Logarithms • Write a Logarithmic Expression as
a Sum or Difference of Logarithms • Write a Logarithmic Expression as a
Single Logarithm • Evaluate a Logarithm Whose Base Is Neither 10 Nor e
• Graph a Logarithmic Function Whose Base Is Neither 10 Nor e

4.6 Logarithmic and Exponential Equations 341

Solve Logarithmic Equations • Solve Exponential Equations • Solve
Logarithmic and Exponential Equations Using a Graphing Utility

4.7 Financial Models 349

Determine the Future Value of a Lump Sum of Money • Calculate Effective
Rates of Return • Determine the Present Value of a Lump Sum of Money
• Determine the Rate of Interest or the Time Required to Double a Lump
Sum of Money

4.8 Exponential Growth and Decay Models; Newton’s Law;

Logistic Growth and Decay Models 359
Find Equations of Populations That Obey the Law of Uninhibited Growth
• Find Equations of Populations That Obey the Law of Decay • Use
Newton’s Law of Cooling • Use Logistic Models

4.9 Building Exponential, Logarithmic, and Logistic

Models from Data 369
Build an Exponential Model from Data • Build a Logarithmic Model from
Data • Build a Logistic Model from Data

Chapter Review 378

Chapter Test 383

Cumulative Review 384

Chapter Projects 385

5 Analytic Geometry 386

5.1 Conics 387
Know the Names of the Conics

5.2 The Parabola 388

Analyze Parabolas with Vertex at the Origin • Analyze Parabolas with
Vertex at (h, k) • Solve Applied Problems Involving Parabolas

5.3 The Ellipse 397

Analyze Ellipses with Center at the Origin • Analyze Ellipses with Center at
(h, k) • Solve Applied Problems Involving Ellipses

5.4 The Hyperbola 408

Analyze Hyperbolas with Center at the Origin • Find the Asymptotes of
a Hyperbola • Analyze Hyperbolas with Center at (h, k) • Solve Applied
Problems Involving Hyperbolas

Chapter Review 420

Chapter Test 421

Cumulative Review 422

Chapter Projects 422

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 CONTENTS xv

6 Systems of Equations and Inequalities 424

6.1 Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution and Elimination 425
Solve Systems of Equations by Substitution • Solve Systems of Equations
by Elimination • Identify Inconsistent Systems of Equations Containing
Two Variables • Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations
Containing Two Variables • Solve Systems of Three Equations Containing
Three Variables • Identify Inconsistent Systems of Equations Containing
Three Variables • Express the Solution of a System of Dependent Equations
Containing Three Variables

6.2 Systems of Linear Equations: Matrices 440

Write the Augmented Matrix of a System of Linear Equations • Write the
System of Equations from the Augmented Matrix • Perform Row Operations on
a Matrix • Solve a System of Linear Equations Using Matrices

6.3 Systems of Linear Equations: Determinants 455

Evaluate 2 by 2 Determinants • Use Cramer’s Rule to Solve a System of Two
Equations Containing Two Variables • Evaluate 3 by 3 Determinants
• Use Cramer’s Rule to Solve a System of Three Equations Containing Three
Variables • Know Properties of Determinants

6.4 Matrix Algebra 465

Find the Sum and Difference of Two Matrices • Find Scalar Multiples of a
Matrix • Find the Product of Two Matrices • Find the Inverse of a Matrix
• Solve a System of Linear Equations Using an Inverse Matrix

6.5 Partial Fraction Decomposition 482

Decompose P/Q, Where Q Has Only Nonrepeated Linear Factors
• Decompose P/Q, Where Q Has Repeated Linear Factors • Decompose
P/Q, Where Q Has a Nonrepeated Irreducible Quadratic Factor
• Decompose P/Q, Where Q Has a Repeated Irreducible Quadratic Factor

6.6 Systems of Nonlinear Equations 490

Solve a System of Nonlinear Equations Using Substitution • Solve a System
of Nonlinear Equations Using Elimination

6.7 Systems of Inequalities 499

Graph an Inequality • Graph a System of Inequalities

6.8 Linear Programming 506

Set up a Linear Programming Problem • Solve a Linear Programming
Problem

Chapter Review 513

Chapter Test 517

Cumulative Review 518

Chapter Projects 518

7 Sequences; Induction; the Binomial Theorem 520

7.1 Sequences 521
Write the First Several Terms of a Sequence • Write the Terms of a Sequence
Defined by a Recursive Formula • Use Summation Notation • Find the Sum
of a Sequence

7.2 Arithmetic Sequences 531

Determine Whether a Sequence Is Arithmetic • Find a Formula for an
Arithmetic Sequence • Find the Sum of an Arithmetic Sequence

7.3 Geometric Sequences; Geometric Series 537

Determine Whether a Sequence Is Geometric • Find a Formula for a Geometric
Sequence • Find the Sum of a Geometric Sequence • Determine Whether a
Geometric Series Converges or Diverges • Solve Annuity Problems

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 xvi CONTENTS

7.4 Mathematical Induction 548

Prove Statements Using Mathematical Induction

7.5 The Binomial Theorem 552

n
Evaluate a b • Use the Binomial Theorem
j

Chapter Review 559

Chapter Test 561

Cumulative Review 561

Chapter Projects 561

8 Counting and Probability 563

8.1 Counting 564
Find All the Subsets of a Set • Count the Number of Elements in a Set
• Solve Counting Problems Using the Multiplication Principle

8.2 Permutations and Combinations 569

Solve Counting Problems Using Permutations Involving n Distinct Objects
• Solve Counting Problems Using Combinations • Solve Counting Problems
Using Permutations Involving n Nondistinct Objects

8.3 Probability 578

Construct Probability Models • Compute Probabilities of Equally Likely
Outcomes • Find Probabilities of the Union of Two Events • Use the
Complement Rule to Find Probabilities

Chapter Review 588

Chapter Test 590

Cumulative Review 590

Chapter Projects 591

A Review A1
A.1 Algebra Essentials A1
Work with Sets • Graph Inequalities • Find Distance on the Real Number
Line • Evaluate Algebraic Expressions • Determine the Domain of a
Variable • Use the Laws of Exponents • Evaluate Square Roots • Use a
Calculator to Evaluate Exponents

A.2 Geometry Essentials A14

Use the Pythagorean Theorem and Its Converse • Know Geometry
Formulas • Understand Congruent Triangles and Similar Triangles

A.3 Polynomials A23

Recognize Monomials • Recognize Polynomials • Add and Subtract
Polynomials • Multiply Polynomials • Know Formulas for Special
Products • Divide Polynomials Using Long Division • Work with
Polynomials in Two Variables

A.4 Factoring Polynomials A33

Factor the Difference of Two Squares and the Sum and Difference of Two
Cubes • Factor Perfect Squares • Factor a Second-Degree Polynomial:
x2 + Bx + C • Factor by Grouping • Factor a Second-Degree Polynomial:
Ax2 + Bx + C, A ≠ 1 • Complete the Square

A.5 Synthetic Division A43

Divide Polynomials Using Synthetic Division

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 CONTENTS xvii

A.6 Rational Expressions A47

Reduce a Rational Expression to Lowest Terms • Multiply and Divide
Rational Expressions • Add and Subtract Rational Expressions • Use the
Least Common Multiple Method • Simplify Complex Rational Expressions

A.7 nth Roots; Rational Exponents A57

Work with nth Roots • Simplify Radicals • Rationalize Denominators
• Simplify Expressions with Rational Exponents

A.8 Solving Equations A66

Solve Linear Equations • Solve Rational Equations • Solve Equations by
Factoring • Solve Radical Equations

A.9 Problem Solving: Interest, Mixture, Uniform Motion,

Constant Rate Job Applications A75
Translate Verbal Descriptions into Mathematical Expressions • Solve
Interest Problems • Solve Mixture Problems • Solve Uniform Motion
Problems • Solve Constant Rate Job Problems

A.10 Interval Notation; Solving Inequalities A84

Use Interval Notation • Use Properties of Inequalities • Solve Inequalities
• Solve Combined Inequalities

A.11 Complex Numbers A92

Add, Subtract, Multiply, and Divide Complex Numbers

B Graphing Utilities B1
B.1 The Viewing Rectangle B1

B.2 Using a Graphing Utility to Graph Equations B3

B.3 Using a Graphing Utility to Locate Intercepts and Check

for Symmetry B5

B.4 Using a Graphing Utility to Solve Equations B6

B.5 Square Screens B8

B.6 Using a Graphing Utility to Graph Inequalities B9

B.7 Using a Graphing Utility to Solve Systems of Linear Equations B9

B.8 Using a Graphing Utility to Graph a Polar Equation B11

B.9 Using a Graphing Utility to Graph Parametric Equations B11

Answers AN1

Photo Credits C1

Subject Index I1

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 To the Student
As you begin, you may feel anxious about the number of theorems, definitions,
procedures, and equations. You may wonder if you can learn it all in time. Don’t worry,
your concerns are normal. This textbook was written with you in mind. If you attend
class, work hard, and read and study this book, you will build the knowledge and skills
you need to be successful. Here’s how you can use the book to your benefit.

Read Carefully
When you get busy, it’s easy to skip reading and go right to the problems. Don’t . . . the
book has a large number of examples and clear explanations to help you break down
the mathematics into easy-to-understand steps. Reading will provide you with a clearer
understanding, beyond simple memorization. Read before class (not after) so you can
ask questions about anything you didn’t understand. You’ll be amazed at how much
more you’ll get out of class if you do this.

Use the Features

We use many different methods in the classroom to communicate. Those methods, when
incorporated into the book, are called “features.” The features serve many purposes,
from providing timely review of material you learned before (just when you need it),
to providing organized review sessions to help you prepare for quizzes and tests. Take
advantage of the features and you will master the material.
To make this easier, we’ve provided a brief guide to getting the most from this
book. Refer to the “Prepare for Class,” “Practice,” and “Review” on pages i–iii.
Spend fifteen minutes reviewing the guide and familiarizing yourself with the
features by flipping to the page numbers provided. Then, as you read, use them. This
is the best way to make the most of your textbook.
Please do not hesitate to contact us, through Pearson Education, with any
questions, suggestions, or comments that would improve this text. We look forward
to hearing from you, and good luck with all of your studies.

Best Wishes!
Michael Sullivan
Michael Sullivan, III

xix

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 Three Distinct Series
Students have different goals, learning styles, and levels of preparation. Instructors have
different teaching philosophies, styles, and techniques. Rather than write one series to fit
all, the Sullivans have written three distinct series. All share the same goal—to develop a
high level of mathematical understanding and an appreciation for the way mathematics
can describe the world around us. The manner of reaching that goal, however, differs
from series to series.

Concepts through Functions Series, Fourth Edition

This series differs from the others, utilizing a functions approach that serves as the
organizing principle tying concepts together. Functions are introduced early in various
formats. This approach supports the Rule of Four, which states that functions are
represented symbolically, numerically, graphically, and verbally. Each chapter introduces
a new type of function and then develops all concepts pertaining to that particular
function. The solutions of equations and inequalities, instead of being developed as
stand-alone topics, are developed in the context of the underlying functions. Graphing
utility coverage is optional and can be included or excluded at the discretion of the
instructor: College Algebra; Precalculus, with a Unit Circle Approach to Trigonometry;
Precalculus, with a Right Triangle Approach to Trigonometry.

Contemporary Series, Tenth Edition

The Contemporary Series is the most traditional in approach yet modern in its treatment
of precalculus mathematics. Graphing utility coverage is optional and can be included
or excluded at the discretion of the instructor: College Algebra, Algebra & Trigonometry,
Trigonometry, Precalculus.

Enhanced with Graphing Utilities Series,

Seventh Edition
This series provides a thorough integration of graphing utilities into topics, allowing
students to explore mathematical concepts and foreshadow ideas usually studied in later
courses. Using technology, the approach to solving certain problems differs from the
Concepts or Contemporary Series, while the emphasis on understanding concepts and
building strong skills does not: College Algebra, Algebra & Trigonometry, Precalculus.

xx

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 The Concepts through Functions
Series
College Algebra
This text provides an approach to college algebra that introduces functions early
(Chapter 1). All material is presented through the eyes of a function. So, rather than
have a chapter dedicated to review, the material is presented from a function point of
view. For example, rather than reviewing the various approaches to solving quadratic
equations, students are asked to find the zeros of a quadratic function or the x-intercepts
of a quadratic function. This allows for review of the concepts, but also requires students
to solve equations in the form f 1x2 = 0, which foreshadows solving f ′1x2 = 0 in
calculus. Graphing calculator and Desmos usage is provided, but optional. Examples that
utilize graphing technology are clearly marked with an icon. Exercises that require
graphing technology are indicated with an icon and the problem number is green.
After completing the material in this text, a student will be adequately prepared for
trigonometry, finite mathematics, and business calculus.

Precalculus: A Right Triangle Approach to Trigonometry

This text contains all the material in College Algebra, but also develops the trigonometric
functions using a right triangle approach and showing how it relates to the unit circle
approach. Graphing techniques are emphasized, including a thorough discussion of
polar coordinates, parametric equations, and conics using polar coordinates. Graphing
calculator and Desmos usage is provided, but is optional. The final chapter provides an
introduction to calculus, with a discussion of the limit, the derivative, and the integral
of a function. After completing this text, a student will be adequately prepared for
engineering calculus, business calculus, and finite mathematics.

Precalculus: A Unit Circle Approach to Trigonometry

This text contains all the material in College Algebra, but also develops the trigonometric
functions using a unit circle approach and showing how it relates to the right triangle
approach. Graphing techniques are emphasized, including a thorough discussion of
polar coordinates, parametric equations, and conics using polar coordinates. Graphing
calculator and Desmos usage is provided, but is optional. The final chapter provides an
introduction to calculus, with a discussion of the limit, the derivative, and the integral
of a function. After completing this text, a student will be adequately prepared for
engineering calculus, business calculus, and finite mathematics.

xxi

A01_SULL9807_04_AIE_FM_ppi-xxx.indd 21 03/11/17 2:55 PM

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Philistine
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: The Philistine

a periodical of protest (Vol. I, No. 6, November 1895)

Author: Various

Editor: Harry Persons Taber

Release date: July 29, 2022 [eBook #68638]

Language: English

Original publication: United States: The Society of the

Philistines, 1895

Credits: hekula03 and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team

at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from
images made available by the HathiTrust Digital
Library.)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE

PHILISTINE ***
 The Philistine
A Periodical of Protest.
We make no proud boast that we are the chosen people of
God; we are simply plain Philistines.—Thackeray.

Printed Every Little While for The Society

of The Philistines and Published by Them
Monthly. Subscription, One Dollar Yearly

Single Copies, 10 Cents. November,

1895.

SPECIAL.
The Bibelot for 1895, complete in the original wrappers,
uncut, is now supplied on full paid subscriptions only, at
75 cents net.
On completion of Volume I in December the price will be
$1.00 net in wrappers, and $1.50 net in covers.
Invariably Postpaid.
Covers for Volume I ready in November. These will be in
old style boards, in keeping with the artistic make-up of
The Bibelot, and are supplied at 30 cents, postpaid.
End papers and Title-page are included, whereby the
local binder can case up the volume at about the cost of
postage were it, as is usual, returned to the publisher for
binding.
 Back Numbers are 10 cents each, subject to further
advance as the edition decreases.
Numbers Issued:

I. Lyrics from William Blake.

II. Ballades from Francois Villon.
III. Mediæval Latin Students’ Songs.
IV. A Discourse of Marcus Aurelius.
V. Fragments from Sappho.
VI. Sonnets on English Dramatic Poets.
VII. The Pathos of the Rose in Poetry.
VIII. Lyrics from James Thomson (B. V.)
IX. Hand and Soul: D. G. Rosetti.
X. A Book of Airs from Campion.
XI. A Lodging for the Night. (November.)

THOMAS B. MOSHER, Publisher,

Portland, Maine.

LITTLE JOURNEYS
To the Homes of Good Men and Great.
A series of literary studies published in monthly
numbers, tastefully printed on hand-made paper, with
attractive title-page.
By ELBERT HUBBARD
The publishers announce that Little Journeys will be
issued monthly and that each number will treat of recent
visits made by Mr. Elbert Hubbard to the homes and
haunts of various eminent persons. The subjects for the
twelve numbers will be announced later.

The “Journeys” for 1896 will treat of visits to the

homes of American authors.

LITTLE JOURNEYS:
Published Monthly, 50 cents a year. Single copies,
5 cents, postage paid.
“Little Journeys” and “The Philistine” will be sent to any
address for one year for one dollar.
Published by G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS,
27 and 29 West 23d Street, New York.
24 Bedford Street, Strand, London.
 The Roycroft Printing Shop
announces the publication about
Christmas time of an exquisite
edition of the Song of Songs: which
is Solomon’s; being a Reprint of the
text together with a Study by Mr.
Elbert Hubbard.
In this edition a most peculiar and pleasant effect is
wrought by casting the Song into dramatic form. The Study
is sincere, but not serious, and has been declared by
several Learned Persons, to whom the proofsheets have
been submitted, to be a Work of Art. The Volume is thought
a seemly and precious gift from any Wife to any Husband,
or from one Friend to another.

The book is printed by hand, with rubricated initials and title

page, on Dickinson’s handmade paper. The type was cast to
the order of the Roycroft Shop, and is cut after one of the
earliest Roman faces. It is probable that no more beautiful
type for book printing was ever made, and, for reasons known
to lovers of books, this publication will mark an era in the art
of printing in America.
Only six hundred copies, bound in flexible Japan vellum, have
been made and will be offered for sale at two dollars each, net.
There are also twelve copies printed on Japan vellum throughout,
which will be sold at five dollars each. Every copy is numbered
and signed by Mr. Hubbard. The type has been distributed and no
further edition will be printed.
THE ROYCROFT PRINTING SHOP,
East Aurora, New York.
 THE PHILISTINE.
Edited by H. P. TABER.

THE ROYCROFT PRINTING SHOP,

East Aurora, New York,
Publishers.

The Philistine is published monthly at $1 a year, 10 cents a

single copy. Subscriptions may be left with newsdealers or sent
direct to the publishers. The trade supplied by the American
News Company and its branches. Foreign agencies, Brentano’s,
37 Avenue de l’Opera, Paris; G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 24 Bedford
street, Strand, London.
Business communications should be addressed to The
Philistine, East Aurora, New York. Matter intended for publication
may be sent to the same address or to Box 6, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
Subscriptions can begin with the current number only. A very
limited quantity of back numbers can be supplied at 25 cents each.

The Philistine and Little Journeys will be sent to any address

one year for $1.

Entered at the Postoffice at East Aurora, New York, for

transmission as mail matter of the second class.
COPYRIGHT, 1895, by H. P. Taber.

George P. Humphrey, Old Books, Catalogues issued, 25

Exchange street, Rochester, N. Y.
 THE PHILISTINE.

no. 6. November, 1895. vol. 1.

 A SONNET OF DESPAIR.
My captain calls to me to join the fray,
Fame holds her fillet ready for my brow,
Love stands with aching, open arms, and Thou,
O God, to whom I impotently pray,
Art ever ready to receive me—yea,
Dost yearn for my poor prisoned soul—then how
Becomes it that I linger in this slough
Of idle, unclean days, till I grow gray?

Bound am I to a corpse, face unto face,

Of old iniquities, and dead desire,
Which, fair and young, of old did I embrace.
Now chains of habit, forged in Passion’s fire,
Hold me forever in this durance base:
Struggling to rise, I wallow in the mire.

Claude Fayette Bragdon.

 THE COMBINED PRESS.
It is all settled. There was no other way. Art was held down by the
Jews, who demanded that she come to their terms. So she has
given up, not, perhaps, without a bit of a gurgle in her choked throat,
but like the new woman she has become, she manfully faced the
music with no bit of compromise. She gave all, asking nothing but
that she be placed on a basis of “commercial independence.” I quote
from the announcement which the factory officials make to her old
time friends—those who believed that Art should exist because she
was Art, and that she should not be compelled to sell her very soul
for the dollars she could earn by working overtime in their sweat
shops:

“The Combined Press is a literary syndicate formed for the

purpose of obtaining for writers commercial independence
and liberal remuneration for high class work.”

This starts out well, and hereafter all writers who belong shall be
given a rating in Bradstreet’s.

“All contributors, whether stockholders or otherwise, will be

given the privilege of receiving in payment the entire cash
returns derived from their published matter, less actual cost of
service.”

This is encouraging, for writers may feel secure in getting some

return for their labor; but hopes are dashed in the next paragraph:

“Under no circumstances, however, will inferior

contributions be accepted from any one, and merit will in
 every case be given preference regardless either of
authorship or membership.”

The superintendent of the factory will, of course be the judge as to

merit. Regarding the Plan the Sad Tale continues as follows:

“One thousand shares of stock will be issued to writers of

established merit at $15.00 per share, paid up value. A
payment of one-third of this amount will secure each share of
the stock, but no certificates will be issued until stock
becomes fully paid up, either by assessment or by
accumulation of undivided profits.”

This is where the trail of the serpent shows. Mark you: it costs
sums of money to be an Artist. The days when Genius burned the
tallow dip at midnight in the garret are forever gone, for now, when
everybody will have a commercial standing, the Artists’ Labor Union
will permit of no more than eight hours labor each day. Here follows
a choice bit:

“No stock will be issued to other than writers of marked

literary ability, and applicants for membership will be required
to give as reference the names of one or more high-class
publications to which they have contributed. Applications for
stock will be referred to a committee on membership, and no
stock will be transferable, except to such as are deemed
entitled to membership by this committee.”

What is “marked literary ability,” and who does the marking?

The factory, as it is now conducted, will consist of six departments.
Following is a list of the Foremen and Forewomen to whom all
complaints and applications for positions must be made:

“Fiction, Ruth McEnery Stuart; Humor, R. K. Munkittrick;

Washington, A. H. Lewis (Dan Quin); Juvenile, John Kendrick
 Bangs; Woman, Frances Bacon Paine; Agricultural, James
Knapp Reeve.”

The following paragraph did not seem to me to be quite complete,

so I have filled out the things which were apparently forgotten in the
hurry of getting this remarkable circular before the public:

“Striking articles of adventure (true or false), discovery,

achievement and special news are desired; also dramatic
short stories, with or without action and not less than five per
cent human interest, for young and old, especially the old;
anecdotes, quaint, humorous and pathetic; novelettes,
poems, jingles, verselets, squibs, squabs, jokes—everything,
in fact, that will interest, comfort, amuse, harass or annoy the
modern or ancient reader, thoroughly artistic in execution, will
be available.
“Too much emphasis cannot be placed on the statement
that only high-class matter, especially prepared for the
Combined Press, will be used at $150 a column, net. We
solicit and will pay the highest cash prices for hides, tallow,
horns and pelts. Also for sale, cement, wool (wild from the
West), hair (Le Gallienne and Ibsen brands), bricks (with or
without straw) and material for building a modern periodical.
“The stock books will be closed on November fifteenth, in
order to complete the organization and make contracts for the
coming year, stock remaining unsold November fifteenth
having been already arranged for by parties in New York City.
“Address all communications to The Combined Press,
1128-1129 American Tract Building, New York.
“Directors—John Kendrick Bangs, President; Ruth McEnery
Stuart, Vice President; R. K. Munkittrick, Secretary; Albert B.
Paine, Treasurer; A. H. Lewis (Dan Quin), Washington;
James Knapp Reeve, Chief Geezer.”
Following is the form for use of those who want positions:

Form 427 300 M

THE COMBINED PRESS.
application for employment.
________ 189_
To James Knapp Reeve, Head Geezer,
American Tract Building, New York:
I (Name in full, three names if possible) ________ do
hereby apply for a position as ________ and if employed do
agree to faithfully observe all rules and regulations of the
Combined Press, to maintain strict integrity of character, to
abstain from the use of intoxicating liquors and profane
swearing, not to assign my wages, and that I will perform my
duties to the best of my ability.
I was born the ____ day of ____ year of ____ in County of
____ State of ____ My height is ____ feet ____ inches;
weight ____ pounds.
Married or single. (If married, give full name and address of
wife or husband, and how you like it.)
Name and address of parents, if living. If dead, state so,
and why.
Names of those wholly dependent upon and supported by
me. (This must be answered in full.)
Divorced? (If not, why not?)
Full name and address of last employer and occupation.
Names of all editors by whom employed, with bill of
particulars giving times and places.
Cause of leaving (in each case).
Names of “high-class publications referred to who will
endorse the applicant as a reliable, industrious and
 competent person of marked literary ability.”
Witnesses: ____X____ Mark here.
_________
_________

FACTORY NOTES.
James Knapp Reeve has been engaged as night
watchman.
Last Tuesday Munkittrick, who has charge of the automatic
double-chisel mortising machine, while getting out his second
batch of verselets for the day and talking with Frankie Paine
at the same time, accidentally lost a thumb. You must be
more careful, Munk.
Dan Quin is laid off for a week for sassing the foreman.
Ruth Stuart is pasting labels on boxes on the sixth floor.
Jimmy Reeve is captain of the Combined Press Base Ball
Club, which will play against the Mule Spinners from Cohoes
on Thursday.
Johnnie Bangs had the misfortune to lose his pay envelope
last Saturday night. It contained $4.65. The finder will please
send it to him at Yonkers.
The Albert Bigelow Paine Chowder Club will give one of
their delightful assemblies at Milligan’s Hall at the Hydraulics
next Saturday. Gents, 35c. Ladies, free.

And do my Philistine readers think this is all good fooling? Do

they think that no such circular was ever issued? I hope they do. It is
pleasant to retain our old fashioned belief that men write because
they have something to say: because like Charles Reade they have
a purpose to accomplish; because like Thackeray they can dazzle us
with the satire of a master, or because like Stevenson they can take
us to Treasure Island or on that Inland Voyage where were days of
such delight as come rarely to men.
This circular, however, is a stubborn reality printed in muddy black
and gory red, and the word Combined is evidently pronounced
Combin-ed. It will be sent to poor devils who imagine that by
subscribing to a fifteen-dollar share of stock, their wares may be
marketed like peaches in September, by men whose names are
known because they are signed to “verselets, squibs and jokes” in
Harper’s Drawer. Thus may the salaries of the officers be paid. It’s a
lovely plan, and could originate in no better place than Franklin,
Ohio. Then, too, “American Tract Building” sounds good. Surely
nothing else than sincerity could issue from a Tract Building, and a
guarantee of “commercial independence” is worth something.
But it’s none the less pathetic, for all that. Many shares of stock
will be taken, and many weary days will be spent waiting for the
promised halo which, after all, wouldn’t fit if it came. It was the father
of Jules St. Ange, if I remember correctly, who made “the so best
sugah in New Orleans,” And he died and never sold a barrel of it. He
was happy because he knew it was the best, though the commercial
men told him it was not. So, too, as all the World’s Louis has said,
“He who has meant good work has done good work, though he has
not the time to sign his name.”
I knew a man once, though, who worked many weary hours one
Christmas time, and made a holiday story for a morning paper. It was
a story of such truth as moved men to give to a hospital in a great
city such money as supported it for half a year, and sick children
were made well because of it. But he was not a man of “marked
literary ability” and he never knew what he had done. He was not an
Adam Smith, and he knew little and cared less about the wealth of
nations. He simply wrote the truth from a heart that knew its own.
Such men do not need to be told if their work be good or bad. They
give us the best there is in them, and we are comforted because
they have told us the things we knew before, only we didn’t know
how to put them on paper.
H. P. Taber.
 TO ROBERT HERRICK.
Jocund Herrick tho’ this age
Leaves uncut thy merry page,
Leaves thy song, thy robust jest
For Quixotic modern quest;

Thinks that all poetic bliss

Is summed in soul-analysis;
Swinburne’s strange erratic flight,
Weird desire and wild delight;

Pleasures in the paltry host—

Starveling muse’s meager ghost
Dribbling song in purblind flow—
Poesy has sunk so low.

I would see beside the rill

Decked with Lawn and Daffodil
Sweetly thro’ the morning air—
Corinna going to the fair!

I would hear the birds and bees

Sung of in Hesperides;
Would that I were with you there,
Drunken with the dewy air.

And Julia, paragon of grace,

I would look upon her face;
Then might I inspired be,
Fit to join thy company.

Ah! Herrick, softly on thy mound

I would still bestrew the ground—